Selected quad for the lemma: book_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A48947
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The ground-work, or foundation, laid (or so intended) for the framing of a new perfect language and an vniversal or commonwriting : and presented to the consideration of the learned / by a well-willer to learning.
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Lodowyck, Francis.
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1652
(1652)
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Wing L2816; ESTC R30504
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6,534
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22
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Unto the Future might be added a sub-distinction and named the Conditionall Future for instance If he had done that I should have loved him The distinction for Person and Number in the Verb is needlesse it being sufficient when the same is performed in the Noun for instance I love we love ye love they â—ove What with more is needlesse Of Nouns The Noune the second derivation is either Common or Proper By Common we understand those Nouns which are not proper names of things but common Derivatives from most Verbs as Lover Loved Love Lovelinesse c. By Proper names we understand those names of substances whether reall or fictitious whereby they are distinguished in their species or individuums as Man Horse Table House c. Peter Thomas Pretty Palace c. The common Nouns I have distinguished in nine distinctions as follow 1 The action denominated Amor Lectio Visio 2 That acteth Amator Lector 3 On whom acted Amatus 4 Inclination to action Amorosus Audax Communicativus 5 Qualification to receive the actioÌ„ Amabilis Legibilis 6 The excesse of the action Amabundus Drunk 7 Of or belonging to an action or thing Doctrinalis 8 The abstract of denomination Amorositas Docibilitas 9 The manner of being or acting Amorosè Docibiliter Note that the eighth and ninth distinctions are double derivatives and appliable to the fourth fifth sixth and seventh distinctions The seventh distinction is likewise appliable to words proper as to denominate any one from the place of his birth as from Rome a Roman Naples a Neapolitan c. Or from his Calling as a Clothier from Cloth-making a Barber from Cutting of beards There are four distinctions more which because they seem more as Proper names then Common names we have placed them by themselves as 1 The instrument wherewith is chiefly acted as from to See the Eye 2 The time of action the houre of Dining Supping 3 The place of action as of drinking wine a Tavern of beer or ale an Alehouse 4 The substance of the action Meat Drink Of the nine distinctions of Nouns Common the first second and eighth are only Substantives the rest all Adjectives the four last distinctions are all Substantives No distinction for Number is needfull to the Nouns Adjectives for their number is sub-understood in the Substantives unto which they relate The substantives need likewise no distinction of Number except they intend a plural number Indefinite as There were Men which because no by-standing word will expresse the plurality according to our position therefore the plurality is ro be distinguished by addition in the word Man But if the plurality be defined by the words One Ten many c. as ten pound many pound the distinction in the words defining are sufficient without more The Verb passive is made of the third distinction of Nouns common before mentioned with the aiding Verb to be as I am beloved Thou shalt be beloved The proper names of things to give them signification is the work we suppose of a sound Philosopher who from the knowledge of things and their order in nature should give them names accordingly describing that in them by their name by which in the naming they may be known The Cases of Nouns as the Genetive Dative and Ablative may be distinguished by the signes of to from adjoyned The Passive or Accusative will be known by its place in the order of Words as hereafter The second fort of Radixes Are those of quality as hot cold c. The number of which might be diminished by a subordination as before in the Verbs was noted for instance First the opposition in signification as Hot Cold Soft Hard c. Secondly the graduall difference as Hot Warm Wet Moist c. Of these Qualitative words may proceed Verbs signifying action using only the Radix without any consignificative words adjoyned as I hot or make hot or heat I cold or maki cold c.  Secondly Verbs passive but with a distinctionall addition as I become Hot Cold c. Unto these Verbs might likewise be appropriated the consignifications before mentioned as I am accustomed to make hot to become hot I begin to make hot to become hot c. Those Qualitative words have derivatives of the same nature with the eighth sort of Nouns common as Hotnesse Coldnesse Unto these Qualitative words as unto the former names appellative belongeth an augmentation and diminution with their comparative and superlative degrees as Positive Comparative Suparlative Diminution Augmentation Diminution Augmentation Diminution Augmentation a little man a great man a lesser man a greater man least man greatest man The Auxiliary Words The third sort of Radicall words which are according to Grammar nominated Pronouns Adverbs Prepositions Interjections and Conjunctions The Pronouns I thou he this that may be radicall the Plurall we ye they these those may have an additionall signe of plurality From these may derivatively proceed of the eighth sort of Common names Ego-itas ipse-itas c The other following sorts may be reduced to a certain number and the number probably lessened by a subordination as before The Nouns numerall might be thus described in Language Suppose nine single consonants for the nine first numbers from one to nine inclusive and nine Vowels for nine dignities each increasing ten times the value of the other the first Vowell to consignifie only the single value of the nine Consonants in which place the second Vowell comming to consignifie the Decimall dignity the third the Centenall and so forth this in conjunction you may expresse in few syllables and without reiteration a very large number The principles or Groundwork of our new Language and Writing proposed the application we thus prescribe First we prescribe a collection of all the Radixes of the three sorts of words before mentioned wherein care should be had to ordain for Radixes none but those which are really such Secondly rightly to order a subordination of them as is before required the same thus ordered should be the contents of the first part of the Lexicon and for the wording of those radicall significations it will be pre-required to have ordained a certain number of single sounds both of Vowels and Consonants really such and which may constantly keepe their stated sounds without alteration out of which the foresaid Radixes should be worded Thus might these Radixes be ordered and ranked first in their sounds in any known Language thereto adjoyning the new invented words for the same The second part of the said Lexicon should contain all the proper names of things given them according to the forementioned requisites The second Book required to be the Law of this new Language and Writing wherein all the Rules aforementioned to be set down with such more as shall be found requisite which should be constant never sufferieg the least deviation when once stated these Rules thus being not many and being constant without any Anomalies or exceptions would be no
great burthen to memory Note For the wording of the Radixes our advise would be that all such ordained words should be Monosyllables containing a certain number of letters among which but one Vowell and that never used but in the Radix and in all Radixes Secondly that all the distinctionall additions significative be all Consonants and the Vowelling of them to be left at pleasure also to place them where he please to make one or more syllables as he shall please only that in so doing of them he seem not to divide them in more words then one Secondly that he divide not the Radix Our reason for this liberty is that from the vowels have proceeded the greatest variations of Languages whose force therefore in this Language we advise to be abated The different placing of words in severall Languages hath produced no small inconvenience to the learners of a new Language who in that new learned Language remain still subject to observe the order of their first known Language from whence often proceedeth a harshnesse to the understanding of such misordered sentences To prevent which inconvenience and to maintain if possible the constancie of our new Language we have endeavoured by a collection of the most if not all the sentences or forms of speech in them propounded an order for all the words which or a better when obtained we would recommend as a constant rule to be observed and to have its place in our Grammar or Law of Language Sentences as we ordinarily express them The same according to our proposed order Their distinction John who loveth Mary John loveth Mary who 1 The Noun Agent or Relative 2 The Verb. Relative 3 The Noun Patient A short stick Stick short 1 the Thing 2 Its description or relation A rod of Iron Rod of Iron His Book Book his Johns Book Book Johns Is loved Is loved 1 The Auxiliary Verb. 2 The Noun Adjective Is spent Is spent This man This man 1 The demonstrative 2 The demonstrated That thing That thing I have seen the thing I have seen thing The word the left out It was done Was done The word it there left out It hapned Hapned There hapned Hapned William is loved of his father William is loved of father his 1 The Noun Patient 2 The Verb 3 The Noun Agent John and Peter travelled together to Rome Peter ran hastily to London John and Peter travelled together to Rome Peter ran hastily to London 1 The Agent 2 The Verb. 3 The Manner 4 The place Thomas is much loved of his Father Thomas is much loved of Father his 1 the Noun Patient 2 the Verb. 3 the manner 4 the agent Thomas did beat his man very hard on the back with a stick Thomas did beat man his very hard with stick on back 1 the Noun Agent 2 the Verb. 3 the Noun patient 4 the manner 5 the instrument 6 the part suffering Yesterday John went to France idem When time is expressed it should alwayes precede the action c. With him idem The Auxiliary words with to from c. to precede the object From him To Spain I love him not I love not him 1 The Agent 2 The Verb. 3 The Negation 4 The Patient Did use to say idem 1 The Verb. 2 The Infinitive Mood There are people in the yard In yard are people 1 The place where 2 The Auxiliary Verb. 3 Who. I give thee this I give this to thee 1 The Agent 2 The Verb. 3 The Patient 4 on to from c. He held his hand on them He held hand his on them Do ye help them Interrog Help ye them 1 The Verb. 2 The Agent 3 The Patient Help ye them Imperat. Help ye them Whom ye know idem 1 The Relative 2 The Agent 3 The Verb. For the plainer expression and easier understanding of speech it were best to convert all participles in other manner of expression neglecting the use of them So much for application of the principles or grounds before proposed to our new Language now followeth their application to our new writing which as in this Introduction is not to have relation to sounds but things wherefore for all the radicall words of the three sorts as they stand for such in the Lexicon are to have characters assigned them which may be described anent the words there set down Then in the Grammar are to be described those additionall marks for the derivative distinctions with rules for the use of them Now that the Characters might be known and readily found in the Lexicon when the signification of any of them are desired to be known we have pitched on this invention First that ten single figures be invented whereof nine to signifie the nine single numbers and one of them the Cypher Suppose these or the like 1 ‑ 2 3 \ 4 5 6 7 ∪ 8 ∩ 9 â—‹ 0 î‡ Out of these might be framed Characters signifying any number more or lesse as thus signifying 235 3568 9050 Or else instead of the Character for the Cypher you might draw a stroke through the Character of which the Cypher is to follow thus 10 20 30 40 ✚ 50 60 70 80 90 â—‹ And then if two Cyphers follow immediately one the other then might you describe the first of them this way and the second as before as for 900 for 9065 The End