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book_n abate_v wife_n writ_n 18 3 10.3150 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A47714 Reports and cases of law, argued and adjudged in the courts at Westminster, in the times of the late Queen Elizabeth, and King James in four parts / collected by ... William Leonard, Esq. ...; with alphabetical tables of the names of the cases, and of the matter contained in each part ; published by William Hughes ...; Reports and cases of law argued and adjudged in the courts at Westminster Part 1 Leonard, William.; Hughes, William, of Gray's Inn. 1687 (1687) Wing L1104; ESTC R19612 463,091 356

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in_o the_o case_n which_o give_v cause_n of_o suit_n in_o chancery_n for_o they_o will_v not_o order_v a_o matter_n there_o which_o be_v direct_o against_o a_o rule_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o common_a law._n as_o if_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n be_v bind_v etc._n etc._n and_o the_o obligee_n bring_v she_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o if_o a_o man_n threaten_v i_o that_o if_o i_o will_v not_o pay_v to_o he_o ten_o pound_n he_o will_v sue_v i_o in_o chancery_n upon_o which_o i_o promise_v to_o pay_v it_o he_o no_o action_n will_v lie_v and_o a_o infant_n be_v not_o chargeable_a upon_o any_o contract_n but_o for_o his_o meat_n drink_n and_o necessary_a apparel_n 19_o z._n 4._o 2._o and_o in_o debt_n upon_o such_o necessary_a contract_n the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o declare_v special_o so_o as_o the_o whole_a certainty_n may_v appear_v upon_o which_o the_o court_n may_v judge_v if_o the_o expense_n be_v necessary_a and_o convenient_a or_o not_o and_o upon_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o the_o price_n for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o reasonableness_n of_o the_o price_n do_v not_o appear_v the_o chancellor_n himself_o will_v not_o give_v any_o remedy_n or_o recompense_v to_o the_o party_n wray_n justice_n conceive_v that_o the_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o the_o contract_n be_v void_a and_o the_o infant_n in_o a_o action_n against_o he_o upon_o it_o may_v plead_v nihil_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o if_o a_o infant_n sell_v good_n for_o money_n and_o do_v not_o deliver_v they_o but_o the_o vendee_fw-mi take_v they_o he_o be_v a_o trespassor_n but_o if_o the_o infant_n have_v be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n with_o a_o surety_n and_o afterward_o at_o his_o full_a age_n he_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o promise_v to_o keep_v his_o surety_n harmless_a upon_o that_o promise_n a_o action_n lie_v for_o the_o infant_n can_v plead_v non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la which_o see_v mich._n 28_o &_o 29_o eliz._n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o edmund_n and_o afterward_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n clvii_o charnock_n and_o worsleys_n case_n trin._n 30_o eliz._n rot_v 833._o in_o the_o king_n bench._n 129._o owen_n 21._o 1_o cr._n 129._o charnock_n and_o his_o wife_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n against_o worsley_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o wife_n be_v within_o age_n levy_v a_o fine_a and_o the_o wife_n upon_o inspection_n be_v adjudge_v within_o age_n &_o it_o be_v move_v if_o the_o fine_a shall_v be_v utter_o reverse_v or_o as_o to_o the_o wife_n only_o &_o shall_v stand_v against_o the_o husband_n &_o by_o godfrey_n the_o book_n of_o 50_o e._n 3._o 6._o be_v vouch_v where_o it_o be_v say_v by_o candish_n that_o where_o such_o a_o fine_a be_v reverse_v the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o have_v execution_n till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o by_o coke_n and_o atkinson_n a_o fine_a acknowledge_v by_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v not_o like_a to_o a_o feoffment_n make_v by_o they_o for_o in_o case_n of_o feoffment_n something_o pass_v from_o the_o husband_n but_o in_o case_n of_o a_o fine_a all_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o wife_n and_o the_o conusee_fw-fr be_v in_o by_o she_o only_o and_o atkinson_n show_v a_o precedent_n in_o 2_o h._n 4._o where_o the_o fine_a be_v reverse_v for_o the_o whole_a and_o also_o another_o precedent_n p._n b._n h._n 8._o rot._n 26._o a_o fine_a levy_v betwixt_o richard_n elie_n plaintiff_n and_o n._n ford._n and_o jane_n his_o wife_n deforceant_n the_o wife_n be_v within_o age_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v quod_fw-la finis_fw-la predict_v adnulletur_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la nullo_n penitus_fw-la habeatur_fw-la and_o that_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n shall_v be_v restore_v and_o thereupon_o a_o writ_n issue_v to_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la to_o bring_v into_o court_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o fine_a and_o it_o be_v present_o cancel_v in_o court._n wray_n this_o be_v a_o strong_a precedent_n and_o we_o will_v not_o worse_fw-mi from_o it_o if_o other_o precedent_n be_v not_o contrary_a gawdy_n who_o be_v the_o same_o day_n make_v justice_n the_o fine_a can_v be_v reverse_v as_o to_o one_o and_o stand_v as_o to_o the_o other_o and_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o case_n of_o littleton_n 150._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o tail_n before_o coverture_n and_o the_o husband_n alien_n and_o take_v back_o a_o estate_n to_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n for_o their_o life_n they_o both_o be_v remit_v for_o the_o wife_n can_v be_v remit_v if_o the_o husband_n be_v not_o remit_v and_o a_o precedent_n be_v cite_v to_o the_o contrary_a 7_o eliz._n where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n levy_v a_o fine_a the_o husband_n die_v the_o wife_n be_v within_o age_n the_o wife_n take_v another_o husband_n and_o they_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o the_o wife_n by_o inspection_n adjudge_v within_o age_n another_o fine_a reverse_v as_o to_o one_o to_o stand_v good_a against_o another_o and_o the_o fine_a be_v reverse_v as_o to_o the_o wife_n and_o her_o heir_n and_o it_o be_v argue_v by_o golding_n that_o here_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n ought_v to_o abate_v for_o the_o writ_n be_v too_o general_a whereas_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v special_a exit_fw-la querela_fw-la a.b._n nobis_fw-la humillime_n supplicantis_fw-la accepimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n see_v the_o book_n of_o entry_n 278._o also_o the_o purclose_v of_o the_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la impsorum_fw-la the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n whereas_o the_o wife_n only_o have_v loss_n by_o it_o and_o as_o to_o the_o fine_a itself_o he_o conceive_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v reverse_v but_o as_o to_o the_o wife_n as_o if_o a_o man_n of_o full_a age_n and_o a_o man_n within_o age_n levy_v a_o fine_a in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v the_o fine_a shall_v be_v reverse_v as_o to_o the_o infant_n only_o and_o shall_v stand_v against_o the_o other_o and_o he_o cite_v the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n mountjoy_n 14._o eliz._n where_o a_o man_n seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n acknowledge_v a_o statute_n and_o afterward_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n levy_v a_o fine_a and_o he_o say_v that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o husband_n the_o conusee_fw-fr of_o the_o fine_a shall_v hold_v the_o land_n charge_v with_o the_o statute_n also_o in_o the_o precedent_n of_o 2_o h._n 4._o the_o judgement_n be_v that_o propter_fw-la hunc_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la errores_fw-la the_o fine_a shall_v be_v reverse_v and_o i_o conceive_v that_o another_o error_n be_v in_o the_o say_v write_v for_o which_o the_o fine_a may_v be_v reverse_v in_o all_o viz._n the_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o two_o part_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o d._n without_o say_v in_o tres_fw-fr part_n dividend_n and_o see_v that_o where_o two_o part_n be_v demand_v in_o a_o writ_n 182._o 3_o co._n 58_o 59_o modern_a rep._n 182._o the_o writ_n shall_v say_v so_o brief_a 244_o coke_n contrary_a and_o as_o to_o the_o last_o matter_n i_o confess_v the_o law_n be_v so_o in_o a_o writ_n but_o not_o in_o a_o fine_a for_o the_o same_o be_v but_o a_o conveyance_n for_o it_o i_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o manor_n and_o i_o grant_v to_o you_o two_o part_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n it_o be_v clear_a it_o shall_v be_v intend_v in_o three_o part_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o as_o to_o the_o principal_a matter_n i_o conceive_v when_o the_o fine_a be_v levy_v by_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n it_o shall_v be_v intend_v that_o the_o land_n whereof_o etc._n etc._n be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o wife_n if_o the_o contrary_a be_v not_o show_v and_o therefore_o if_o the_o party_n will_v have_v a_o especial_a reversal_n he_o ought_v to_o show_v the_o special_a matter_n as_o in_o english_v case_n a_o fine_a be_v levy_v by_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n be_v within_o age_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n now_o the_o fine_a shall_v be_v reverse_v as_o to_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n but_o not_o as_o to_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n but_o here_o it_o shall_v be_v intend_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o wife_n and_o that_o the_o husband_n have_v nothing_o but_o in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o therefore_o she_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o whole_a for_o nothing_o pass_v from_o the_o husband_n but_o he_o be_v name_v with_o his_o wife_n only_o for_o conformity_n 11_o h._n 7._o 19_o a._n take_v to_o wife_n a_o inheretrir_fw-fr who_o be_v attaint_v of_o felony_n the_o king_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o land_n present_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o be_v in_o the_o wife_n and_o she_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o judgement_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o precedent_n cite_v
report_v by_o coke_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o winchester_n xxviii_o dayrel_n and_o thinn_n case_n trin._n 26_o eliz._n in_o the_o king_n bench._n error_n error_n edward_n dayrel_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n against_o sir_n john_n thinn_n upon_o a_o judgement_n have_v by_o the_o defendant_n against_o the_o plaintiff_n father_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o mexden_n and_o error_n be_v assign_v for_o want_v of_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n pray_v one_o certiorare_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o another_o certiorare_fw-la to_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la both_o which_o return_v non_fw-la inveni_fw-la aliquod_fw-la war_n and_o now_o sir_n john_n thinn_n be_v dead_a the_o plaintiff_n bring_v another_o writ_n of_o error_n by_o journey_n account_n against_o john_n thinn_n son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n thinn_n 446._o 3_o cro._n 91._o 2_o cro._n 13._o 597._o 396._o 5_o co._n pag._n 36._o b._n 446._o who_o appear_v and_o allege_v diminution_n in_o hoc_fw-la that_o the_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n be_v not_o certify_v and_o pray_v another_o certiorare_fw-la unto_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o bench_n and_o another_o to_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la and_o it_o be_v argue_v by_o clark_n that_o in_o this_o case_n certiorare_fw-la aught_o not_o to_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o certificate_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o trial_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v cross_v in_o the_o same_o action_n but_o the_o party_n to_o the_o action_n and_o their_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o it_o especial_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v certify_v by_o one_o who_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o record_n and_o that_o certiorare_fw-la sue_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v be_v as_o peremptory_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v sue_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o defendant_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v allege_v diminution_n as_o well_o as_o the_o defendant_n 7_o e_z 4._o 25._o by_o yeluerton_n and_o a_o man_n can_v have_v certiorare_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o record_n which_o be_v certify_v 11_o e_z 4._o 10_o by_o laicon_n so_o diminution_n can_v be_v allege_v in_o this_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n because_o it_o have_v be_v certify_v here_o that_o no_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n be_v to_o be_v find_v etc._n etc._n 9_o e_z 4._o 32._o by_o bill_v egerton_n solicitor_n contrary_a for_o the_o certiorare_fw-la obtain_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o prevent_v the_o defendant_n and_o the_o course_n of_o proceed_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n when_o error_n be_v assign_v out_o of_o the_o record_n and_o not_o of_o a_o thing_n within_o the_o record_n be_v such_o after_o error_n assign_v before_o that_o a_o sci._n fac_fw-la issue_v against_o the_o defendant_n ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errores_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n may_v pray_v a_o certiorare_fw-la to_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la in_o who_o hand_n such_o collateral_a thing_n remain_v for_o the_o plea_n roll_n do_v remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n but_o the_o original_a writ_n essoin_n and_o warrant_v of_o attorney_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la and_o such_o a_o certiorare_fw-la the_o court_n may_v grant_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n without_o make_v the_o defendant_n privy_a to_o it_o and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o defendant_n have_v plead_v in_o nullo_n est_fw-la erratum_fw-la and_o so_o have_v affirm_v the_o record_n to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v certify_v yet_o the_o court_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la shall_v award_v a_o certiorare_fw-la to_o ascertain_v themselves_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n or_o not_o which_o see_v 9_o e_z 4._o certiorare_fw-la certiorare_fw-la 32._o by_o bill_v and_o therefore_o the_o certiorare_fw-la be_v award_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la shall_v not_o prejudice_v the_o defendant_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o cite_v the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n norris_n and_o braybrook_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n where_o the_o lord_n norris_n be_v plaintiff_n pray_v a_o certiorare_fw-la to_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la to_o certify_v a_o original_a writ_n upon_o which_o a_o common_a recovery_n be_v have_v and_o have_v it_o and_o the_o custos_fw-la brevium_fw-la certify_v that_o there_o be_v no_o original_a and_o afterward_o the_o defendant_n pray_v another_o certiorare_fw-la and_o have_v it_o and_o so_o in_o our_o case_n here_o especial_o because_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o party_n to_o the_o record_n nor_o have_v day_n in_o court_n at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_v certiorare_fw-la be_v grant_v for_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o party_n before_o the_o sci._n facias_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errore●_n be_v issue_v forth_o against_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o come_v timely_a enough_o to_o pray_v a_o certiorare_fw-la see_v 28_o h._n 6._o 10._o and_o 11._o and_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o certificate_n upon_o a_o certiorare_fw-la which_o be_v award_v after_o a_o sci._n fac_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errores_fw-la be_v peremptory_a and_o final_a but_o contrary_a where_o it_o be_v grant_v before_o the_o award_v of_o such_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la see_v book_n of_o entry_n 271._o the_o plaintiff_n assign_v error_n in_o the_o original_a writ_n &_o petit_fw-fr br_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la custodibus_fw-la brevium_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la breve_fw-la illud_fw-la origin_n certificand_v and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o certiorare_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n pray_v a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errores_fw-la and_o see_v there_o 293._o where_o it_o appear_v fol._n 272._o that_o certiorare_fw-la issue_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o defendant_n in_o error_n after_o he_o have_v allege_v diminution_n and_o that_o be_v after_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errores_fw-la return_v and_o see_v certiorare_fw-la before_o sci._n facias_fw-la award_v 271_o etc._n etc._n and_o this_o certiorare_fw-la be_v only_a ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o award_v only_o to_o inform_v the_o court_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o certiorare_fw-la the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n to_o who_o the_o certiorare_fw-la be_v direct_v be_v but_o a_o minister_n and_o not_o a_o judge_n and_o as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o 9_o e_z 4._o 32._o before_o cite_a he_o can_v not_o have_v a_o certiorare_fw-la diminution_n diminution_n for_o he_o can_v not_o allege_v diminution_n because_o he_o have_v plead_v in_o nullo_n est_fw-la erratum_fw-la by_o which_o plea_n he_o have_v confess_v the_o record_n which_o be_v certify_v to_o be_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a record_n and_o full_o certify_v and_o against_o that_o matter_n he_o shall_v not_o allege_v diminution_n and_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o contrariety_n as_o have_v be_v object_v for_o the_o return_n of_o the_o certiorare_fw-la be_v non_fw-la inveni_fw-la aliquod_fw-la warrant_n not_o precise_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la habetur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la warrantum_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o court_n now_o at_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o defendant_n grant_v another_o certiorare_fw-la upon_o which_o be_v a_o retorn_a quod_fw-la habetur_fw-la war_n attornat_fw-la the_o same_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o return_n of_o the_o first_o certificate_n but_o they_o may_v both_o stand_v together_o for_o upon_o further_a search_n such_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n may_v be_v find_v so_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o court_n shall_v not_o be_v enveigle_v by_o any_o such_o contrariety_n for_o non_fw-la inveni_fw-la aliquod_fw-la warrant_n return_v upon_o the_o first_o certiorare_fw-la and_o inveni_fw-la quoddam_fw-la war_n upon_o the_o second_o certiorare_fw-la be_v not_o mere_a contrary_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o wray_n chief_a justice_n that_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o grant_v a_o new_a certiorare_fw-la in_o this_o case_n but_o if_o any_o variance_n can_v be_v allege_v it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o lassell_n who_o certify_v no_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n and_o afterward_o it_o be_v move_v for_o another_o certiorare_fw-la as_o it_o be_v here_o and_o because_o the_o original_a be_v inter_v johannem_fw-la lassels_n be_v executor_n testi_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o he_o be_v not_o name_v executor_n in_o the_o first_o certiorare_fw-la upon_o that_o matter_n a_o new_a certiorare_fw-la be_v grant_v xxix_o withy_n and_o saunders_n case_n trin._n 26_o eliz._n in_o the_o king_n bench._n withy_n libel_v against_o saunders_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n deed_n tithe_n will_v not_o pass_v by_o grant_n without_o deed_n and_o now_o come_v saunders_n and_o surmise_v that_o withy_n have_v libel_v against_o he_o for_o tithe-grass_n and_o show_v that_o all_o the_o claim_n that_o withy_n have_v to_o the_o say_a tithe_n be_v by_o a_o grant_n without_o deed_n and_o by_o the_o law_n such_o thing_n will_v not_o pass_v without_o deed_n and_o also_o that_o the_o spiritual_a court_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o this_o plea_n and_o therefore_o pray_v a_o
the_o custom_n may_v be_v know_v also_o it_o appear_v here_o upon_o the_o declaration_n that_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la shall_v lie_v and_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o declaration_n be_v that_o the_o defendant_n do_v break_v and_o pull_v down_o the_o herdel_n which_o can_v be_v without_o express_a force_n as_o 42_o e._n 3._o 24._o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n against_o a_o miller_n and_o declare_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n use_v to_o grind_v at_o the_o say_a mill_n without_o toll_n and_o that_o he_o send_v his_o corn_n to_o the_o say_a mill_n to_o be_v ground_n and_o there_o the_o defendant_n come_v and_o take_v two_o bushel_n of_o his_o say_a corn_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v upon_o the_o prescription_n to_o grind_v sine_fw-la multura_fw-la and_o that_o the_o defendant_n predict_v querent_fw-la sine_fw-la multura_fw-la molire_fw-la impedivit_fw-la and_o by_o award_n of_o the_o court_n the_o plaintiff_n take_v nothing_o by_o his_o writ_n for_o he_o have_v declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n have_v take_v toll_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o general_a writ_n of_o trespass_n beaumond_n to_o the_o contrary_a a_o market_n be_v as_o well_o for_o the_o common_a wealth_n as_o a_o fish_n also_o he_o be_v at_o the_o cost_n for_o provide_v of_o herdel_n and_o the_o erect_n of_o they_o so_o as_o he_o have_v declare_v he_o have_v take_v divers_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o it_o and_o as_o to_o any_o sum_n not_o certain_a it_o be_v well_o enough_o for_o peradventure_o sometime_o he_o have_v take_v a_o penny_n sometime_o two_o penny_n as_o the_o party_n can_v agree_v and_o as_o to_o the_o exception_n of_o vi_o &_o armis_fw-la the_o same_o be_v not_o material_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o rely_v upon_o the_o pull_n down_o of_o the_o herdel_n only_o but_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o money_n also_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v if_o the_o defendant_n have_v not_o break_v his_o herdel_n and_o afterward_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n cxlviii_o beverly_n and_o bawd_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o king_n bench._n beverly_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o reverse_v a_o out-lawry_a pronounce_v against_o he_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o one_o bawd_n and_o show_v error_n error_n that_o he_o be_v outlaw_v by_o the_o name_n john_n beverly_n of_o humby_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n gent._n and_o that_o within_o the_o say_a county_n there_o be_v two_o humbye_n scil_n magna_fw-la humby_n &_o parva_n humby_n and_o none_o without_o addition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o there_o be_v two_o such_o town_n and_o that_o humby_n magna_n be_v know_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o humby_n only_o as_o take_v for_o the_o name_n of_o humby_n magna_n and_o upon_o that_o they_o be_v at_o issue_n and_o it_o be_v move_v place_n trial_n by_o inquest_n of_o what_o county_n or_o place_n if_o the_o inquest_n to_o try_v this_o issue_n shall_v come_v de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la comitatus_fw-la or_o from_o humby_n magna_fw-la and_o by_o cook_n it_o shall_v be_v try_v by_o a_o inquest_n of_o humby_n magna_n and_o he_o confess_v that_o if_o the_o issue_n have_v be_v no_o such_o town_n then_o the_o inquest_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n but_o here_o be_v another_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v 22_o e._n 4._o 4._o in_o trespass_n do_v in_o fulborn_n and_o hinton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o c._n the_o defendant_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o town_n nor_o hamlet_n of_o hinton_n within_o the_o same_o county_n judgement_n of_o the_o writ_n see_v there_o by_o briggs_n the_o trial_n shall_v be_v de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la comitatus_fw-la see_v 14_o h._n 6._o 8._o over-dale_n and_o nether-dale_n and_o none_o without_o addition_n and_o so_o at_o issue_n try_v by_o they_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n 35_o h._n 6._o 12._o and_o by_o he_o wheresoever_o a_o issue_n may_v be_v try_v by_o a_o inquest_n out_o of_o a_o special_a visne_n there_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v try_v by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n as_o the_o case_n before_o 22_o e._n 4._o trespass_n in_o two_o town_n a._n and_o b._n the_o def._n as_o to_o a._n plead_v there_o be_v no_o such_o town_n and_z as_o to_z b._n plead_v another_o plea._n now_o the_o whole_a inquest_n shall_v come_v out_o of_o b._n for_o the_o inquest_n in_o one_o town_n may_v try_v any_o thing_n within_o the_o same_o county_n which_o see_v fitz._n visne_n 27._o 22_o e._n 4._o 4._o and_o here_o in_o our_o case_n the_o issue_n be_v if_o humby_n magna_n be_v as_o well_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o humby_n only_o as_o by_o the_o name_n of_o humby_n magna_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o may_v well_o be_v try_v by_o inquest_n out_o of_o the_o town_n of_o humby_n magna_n but_o by_o wray_n justice_n this_o issue_n do_v amount_v to_o no_o such_o town_n for_o the_o perclose_v of_o the_o plea_n be_v and_o no_o humby_n without_o addition_n and_o the_o book_n cite_v out_o of_o 22_o e._n 4._o be_v not_o rule_v but_o be_v only_o the_o opinion_n of_o brian_n and_o afterward_o it_o be_v award_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v well_o another_o matter_n be_v object_v because_o it_o be_v not_o show_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n betwixt_o what_o party_n the_o first_o writ_n do_v depend_v for_o otherwise_o how_o can_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la ad_fw-la audiendum_fw-la errores_fw-la if_o none_o be_v name_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n against_o who_o it_o shall_v issue_v and_o godfrey_n affirm_v that_o upon_o search_n of_o precedent_n it_o be_v both_o way_n so_o as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o do_v it_o or_o not_o and_o kemp_n secondary_a show_v divers_a precedent_n to_o that_o purpose_n and_o afterward_o the_o out-lawry_a be_v reverse_v cxlix_o cibel_n and_o hill_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n pene_fw-la debt_n for_o a_o nemine_fw-la pene_fw-la a_o lease_n be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a house_n and_o land_n render_v rend_v and_o another_o sum_n nomine_fw-la poenae_fw-la and_o for_o the_o nominae_fw-la poenae_fw-la the_o lessor_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n the_o lessee_n plead_v that_o the_o lessor_n have_v enter_v into_o parcel_n of_o the_o land_n demise_v extinguishment_n roll._n tit._n extinguishment_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v at_o issue_n and_o find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o now_o the_o lessor_n bring_v debt_n for_o the_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o the_o same_o lease_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n plead_v ut_fw-la supra_fw-la scil_n a_o entry_n into_o parcel_n of_o the_o land_n demise_v and_o issue_n be_v join_v upon_o it_o and_o one_o of_o the_o jury_n be_v challenge_v and_o withdraw_v because_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o former_a jury_n and_o the_o issue_n now_o be_v whether_o the_o say_v cibel_v the_o lessor_n expulit_fw-la &_o amovit_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la extra_fw-la tenet_fw-la the_o say_a hill_n and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o it_o be_v give_v in_o evidence_n on_o the_o defendant_n part_n that_o upon_o the_o land_n demise_v there_o be_v a_o brick-kill_a and_o and_o thereupon_o a_o little_a small_a cottage_n and_o that_o the_o lessor_n enter_v and_o go_v to_o the_o say_a cottage_n and_o take_v some_o of_o the_o brick_n and_o untile_v the_o say_a cottage_n land._n suspension_n of_o rent_n by_o entry_n upon_o part_n of_o the_o land._n but_o of_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o lessor_n have_v reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o brick_n and_o tile_n aforesaid_a which_o in_o truth_n be_v there_o ready_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lease_n make_v and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o untile_v the_o brick-kill_a house_n but_o that_o it_o fall_v by_o tempest_n and_o so_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v nothing_o but_o come_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o carry_v away_o his_o own_o good_n and_o also_o he_o have_v use_v the_o say_v brick_n and_o tile_n upon_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o house_n and_o as_o to_o the_o extra_n tenet_n which_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o issue_n the_o lessor_n do_v not_o continue_v upon_o the_o land_n 172._o hob._n 326._o roll_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la post_n 172._o but_o go_v off_o it_o and_o relinquish_v the_o possession_n but_o as_o to_o this_o last_o point_n it_o seem_v to_o the_o court_n that_o it_o be_v not_o material_a if_o the_o plaintiff_n continue_v his_o possession_n there_o or_o not_o for_o if_o he_o once_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o entry_n although_o that_o he_o depart_v present_o yet_o the_o possession_n be_v in_o he_o sufficient_a to_o suspend_v the_o rent_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v say_v extra_fw-la tanere_fw-la the_o defendant_n the_o lessee_n until_o he_o have_v do_v a_o act_n which_o do_v
her_o dower_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o devisor_n that_o his_o wife_n shall_v have_v both_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o recovery_n in_o dower_n she_o have_v dismiss_v herself_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o by_o consequence_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o penalty_n for_o not_o payment_n of_o it_o clxxxviii_o stephen_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n use_n fine_n levy_v to_o raise_v a_o use_n in_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o father_n covenant_v with_o one_o a._n that_o in_o consideration_n of_o a_o marriage_n to_o be_v have_v betwixt_o the_o son_n of_o the_o covenantor_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a._n that_o he_o before_o such_o a_o day_n will_v levy_v a_o fine_a which_o fine_a shall_v be_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o tail_n for_o the_o jointure_n of_o the_o daughter_n the_o fine_a be_v levy_v according_o to_o the_o use_v aforesaid_a the_o father_n die_v but_o in_o the_o fine_a no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o any_o marriage_n have_v and_o upon_o that_o matter_n the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o accomplish_v yet_o the_o estate_n tail_n be_v well_o enough_o execute_v in_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n for_o the_o fine_a without_o any_o consideration_n do_v carry_v the_o use_n but_o without_o a_o fine_a such_o a_o consideration_n will_v not_o raise_v such_o a_o use_n without_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o marriage_n for_o the_o consideration_n execute_v aught_o to_o produce_v the_o use_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o use_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o fine_a and_o a._n upon_o the_o matter_n may_v have_v have_v covenant_n against_o the_o father_n to_o have_v the_o fine_a before_o the_o marriage_n clxxxix_o billford_n and_o fox_n case_n mich._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n billford_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n against_o fox_n and_o his_o wife_n executrix_fw-la of_o one_o a._n her_o former_a husband_n debt_n debt_n process_n continue_v against_o they_o till_o the_o exigent_n upon_o which_o the_o husband_n appear_v and_o put_v in_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la for_o himself_o only_o 118._o 1_o cro._n 118._o without_o make_v mention_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o case_n be_v move_v to_o the_o justice_n they_o demand_v of_o the_o prothonotary_n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v for_o the_o same_o be_v practice_v and_o a_o dangerous_a case_n for_o example_n and_o it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o prothonotary_n that_o the_o court_n can_v remedy_v it_o for_o now_o by_o the_o supesedeas_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v sine_fw-la die_v for_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o answer_v without_o his_o wife_n as_o this_o case_n be_v and_o he_o be_v implead_v as_o in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o therefore_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v waive_v wife_n supersedeas_fw-la by_o the_o husband_n be_v not_o good_a for_o the_o wife_n and_o the_o husband_n discharge_v see_v the_o book_n of_o entry_n 187._o debt_n against_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o process_n continue_v until_o the_o exigent_n the_o husband_n render_v himself_o and_o the_o wife_n be_v waive_n and_o judgement_n give_v quia_fw-la videbatur_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la hic_fw-la that_o the_o husband_n absque_fw-la praefata_fw-la uxore_fw-la sva_fw-la respondere_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la &_o ratoni_fw-la dissonum_fw-la sit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la hic_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la loquela_fw-la respondere_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la ulterius_fw-la detineri_fw-la ideo_fw-la eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la and_o so_o see_v 43_o e._n 3._o 18._o detinue_n against_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o wife_n be_v waive_n and_o the_o husband_n render_v himself_o at_o the_o exigent_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o action_n be_v upon_o a_o bailment_n to_o the_o wife_n dum_fw-la sola_fw-la suit_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v sine_fw-la die_v for_o he_o can_v not_o answer_v in_o such_o case_n without_o the_o wife_n but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o justice_n advise_v thereof_o and_o give_v order_n that_o the_o supersedeas_fw-la shall_v by_o stay_v without_o record_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o by_o anthrobus_n one_o of_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n that_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o lady_n malory_n and_o her_o husband_n who_o be_v sue_v in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n and_o process_n continue_v against_o they_o till_o the_o exigent_n upon_o which_o the_o husband_n appear_v and_o put_v in_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la for_o himself_o without_o speak_v of_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o supersedeas_fw-la be_v not_o allow_v but_o process_n continue_v until_o out-lawry_a cxc_o the_o queen_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o other_o hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n the_o queen_n bring_v a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la against_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n and_o the_o incumbent_n and_o count_v impedit_fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la that_o ashburnham_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o advowson_n and_o that_o he_o be_v outlawed_a in_o a_o action_n personal_a at_o the_o suit_n of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o show_v the_o whole_a out-lawry_a certain_a and_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o count_n because_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o out-lawry_a the_o process_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v return_v by_o the_o sheriff_n but_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o there_o express_v as_o to_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o court_n that_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o e_z 2._o cap._n 5._o that_o the_o sheriff_n in_o their_o return_n put_v their_o name_n to_o the_o say_a return_v but_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a so_o to_o plead_v it_o for_o the_o omit_v thereof_o do_v not_o make_v the_o return_v void_a but_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v amerce_v another_o matter_n be_v object_v for_o that_o whereas_o the_o patron_n have_v plead_v one_o plea_n and_o the_o incumbent_n the_o same_o plea_n by_o himself_o in_o bar._n the_o queen_n demur_v in_o law_n in_o this_o manner_n quoad_fw-la seperalia_fw-la placita_fw-la per_fw-la dictos_fw-la 124._o 1_o cro._n 140._o dyer_n 181_o 182._o ante_fw-la 124._o etc._n etc._n seperaliter_fw-la placitat_fw-la etc._n etc._n dicta_fw-la domina_fw-la regina_fw-la necesse_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la nec_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la tenetur_fw-la respondere_fw-la and_o the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o the_o demurrer_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v several_a upon_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o patron_n by_o itself_o and_o upon_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o itself_o cxci_o mallet_n and_o ferrer_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n in_o trespass_n of_o battery_n the_o party_n be_v at_o issue_n upon_o not_o guilty_a court._n damage_n increase_v of_o a_o maim_v by_o the_o court._n and_o at_o the_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o thumb_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v clear_o cut_v off_o and_o so_o maim_v and_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o damage_n tax_v to_o forty_o pound_n and_o now_o the_o party_n come_v in_o person_n into_o court_n and_o pray_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o maim_v that_o the_o court_n will_v increase_v the_o damage_n 311._o dyer_n 105._o 1_o cro._n 223._o 544._o sty_n 310_o 311._o which_o damage_n upon_o great_a consideration_n have_v be_v make_v one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o judgement_n give_v according_o see_v that_o the_o cut_n off_o any_o of_o the_o finger_n be_v a_o maim_v 28_o e._n 3._o 54._o by_o stone_n and_o as_o for_o the_o damage_n further_o assess_v by_o the_o court_n than_o the_o damage_n tax_v by_o the_o jury_n see_v book_n of_o entry_n 46._o 8_o h._n 4._o 135._o 39_o e._n 3._o 20._o cxcii_o atkins_n and_o hales_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n richard_n atkins_n of_o lincolns-inn_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o forger_n of_o false_a faits_fw-fr against_o hale_n of_o gloucester_n and_o count_v upon_o the_o forger_n of_o a_o indenture_n faits_fw-fr forger_n of_o false_a faits_fw-fr in_o quo_fw-la continetur_fw-la quod_fw-la quidam_fw-la abbas_n monasterii_fw-la de_fw-fr gloucester_n demisit_fw-la situm_fw-la manerii_fw-la de_fw-la r._n &_o terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o it_o be_v give_v in_o evidence_n on_o the_o plaintiff_n part_n a_o lease_n suppose_v to_o be_v make_v and_o forge_v contain_v that_o the_o say_a abbot_n lease_v the_o say_a site_n and_o all_o the_o demesne_fw-la land_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n exceptis_fw-la duobus_fw-la seperalibus_fw-la clausuris_fw-la inde_fw-la etc._n etc._n vocat_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v move_v if_o this_o evidence_n do_v not_o maintain_v the_o issue_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o the_o evidence_n be_v good_a enough_o for_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o
construe_v terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la for_o the_o land_n not_o except_v be_v terrae_fw-la dominicales_fw-la and_o so_o the_o count_n be_v satisfy_v by_o that_o evidence_n etc._n etc._n cxciii_o chamberlain_z and_o stauntons_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n chamberlain_z brought_z debt_n upon_o a_o obligation_n against_o staunton_n and_o upon_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la 95._o deed_n and_o seal_v of_o they_o owen_n 95._o the_o jury_n find_v this_o special_a matter_n that_o the_o defendant_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v the_o say_a obligation_n and_o cast_v it_o upon_o a_o certain_a table_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n take_v it_o without_o any_o other_o delivery_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n amount_v to_o a_o delivery_n and_o the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o upon_o that_o matter_n the_o jury_n have_v find_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n which_o be_v here_o late_o adjudge_v that_o the_o obligor_fw-la subscribe_v and_o seal_v the_o obligation_n and_o cast_v it_o upon_o a_o table_n say_v these_o word_n this_o will_v serve_v the_o same_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o good_a delivery_n for_o here_o be_v a_o circumstance_n the_o speak_n of_o these_o word_n by_o which_o the_o will_n of_o the_o obligor_fw-la appear_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v his_o deed_n cxciv_o oldfield_n and_o wilmers_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n 304._o arbitrament_n postea_fw-la 304._o in_o debt_n upon_o a_o obligation_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o obligation_n be_v endorse_v with_o condition_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v stand_v to_o the_o award_n of_o i.s._n etc._n etc._n who_o award_v that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o such_o a_o day_n 100_o l._n or_o shall_v find_v two_o sufficient_a surety_n to_o be_v bind_v with_o he_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o pay_v the_o say_v 100_o l._n to_o the_o plaintiff_n by_o twenty_o pound_n a_o year_n until_o the_o whole_a sum_n be_v pay_v and_o plead_v further_a that_o he_o have_v perform_v the_o say_a award_n the_o plaintiff_n by_o replication_n say_v that_o the_o defendant_n have_v not_o pay_v unto_o he_o the_o say_v one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o so_o in_o that_o assign_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o award_n and_o upon_o the_o replication_n the_o defendant_n do_v demur_v in_o law_n because_o by_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o award_n the_o defendant_n have_v election_n either_o to_o pay_v the_o one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o the_o day_n or_o to_o find_v two_o surety_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o by_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o so_o be_v the_o award_n in_o the_o disjunctive_a but_o the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o the_o replication_n be_v good_a for_o although_o that_o the_o award_n be_v set_v down_o and_o conceive_v in_o word_n disjunctive_a yet_o in_o law_n and_o in_o substance_n it_o be_v single_a for_o as_o to_o the_o find_n of_o suretis_fw-la the_o award_n be_v void_a and_o so_o nothing_o be_v award_v but_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o the_o day_n 4._o 1_o cro._n 4._o to_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o his_o replication_n have_v full_o answer_v and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n cxcu._n the_o lord_n dudley_n and_o lacy_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n querela_fw-la audita_fw-la querela_fw-la the_o lord_n dudley_n bring_v a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la against_o lacie_n and_o upon_o it_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la against_o the_o same_o party_n and_o at_o the_o day_n it_o be_v move_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o lacie_n that_o in_o as_o much_o as_o no_o execution_n be_v sue_v against_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n upon_o the_o statute_n merchant_n in_o which_o the_o say_a lord_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o say_v lacie_n so_o as_o he_o be_v not_o in_o prison_n a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la ought_v not_o to_o issue_n but_o a_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la and_o the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o party_n grieve_v which_o of_o they_o he_o will_v sue_v scil_n a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la or_o a_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la see_v 15_o e._n 4._o 5._o by_o cook_n scire_fw-la facias_fw-la and_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v all_o one_o in_o effect_n another_o matter_n be_v move_v on_o the_o part_n of_o lacie_n 384._o 1_o cro._n 208_o 384._o that_o this_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o chancery_n and_o not_o in_o the_o common_a pleas._n but_o the_o court_n be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o the_o party_n may_v sue_v in_o which_o of_o the_o court_n he_o will_v see_v 16_o eliz._n dyer_n 332._o an_fw-mi audita_fw-la querela_fw-la upon_o a_o statute_n merchant_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n but_o upon_o a_o statute_n staple_n the_o suit_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o chancery_n by_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o chancellor_n or_o by_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o cancellaria_fw-la etc._n etc._n cxcvi_o askew_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n case_n hill._n 30_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n askew_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o a_o statute_n staple_n querela_fw-la audita_fw-la querela_fw-la the_o earl_n sue_v execution_n by_o which_o askew_n be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o now_o the_o friend_n of_o askew_n offer_v the_o money_n in_o court_n and_o cast_v a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la for_o askew_n and_o pray_v he_o may_v be_v bail_v and_o the_o money_n remain_v in_o court_n till_o the_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la determine_v but_o the_o earl_n present_o demand_v the_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o but_o the_o court_n deny_v it_o and_o command_v the_o prothonotary_n to_o keep_v the_o money_n until_o the_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la be_v determine_v and_o let_v askew_o to_o bail_v for_o the_o cost_n of_o suit_n cxcvii_o ward_n and_o blunt_n case_n trin._n 31._o eliz._n in_o the_o king_n bench._n ward_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trover_n and_o conversion_n against_o blunt_n of_o forty_o load_n of_o corn_n conversion_n trover_n and_o conversion_n as_o unto_o twenty_o load_n the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o as_o to_o the_o residue_n a_o special_a plea_n upon_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v demur_v in_o law_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o which_o issue_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n of_o damage_n which_o be_v return_v it_o be_v move_v that_o the_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n of_o damage_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v issue_v forth_o for_o the_o issue_n do_v yet_o depend_v untried_a and_o the_o book_n of_o 34_o h._n 6._o 1._o be_v vouch_v and_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o in_o trespass_n against_o many_o one_o of_o they_o make_v default_n after_o a_o plea_n plead_v now_o a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n of_o damage_n shall_v be_v award_v but_o shall_v not_o issue_v forth_o until_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o other_o be_v try_v and_o if_o the_o issue_n be_v try_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n than_o the_o enquest_n who_o try_v the_o issue_n shall_v assess_v damage_n for_o the_o whole_a and_o if_o for_o the_o defendant_n against_o the_o plaintiff_n than_o the_o writ_n which_o be_v award_v to_o issue_v forth_o see_v 44_o e._n 3._o 7._o cook_n it_o be_v in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o court_n to_o award_v such_o writ_n or_o not_o which_o wray_n grant_v but_o it_o be_v usual_a here_o to_o grant_v the_o writ_n present_o gawdy_n the_o case_n in_o 39_o h._n 6._o be_v not_o like_o this_o case_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o trespass_n be_v divide_v and_o as_o it_o be_v apportion_v in_o twenty_o load_n and_o twenty_o load_n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n not_o cxcviii_o smith_n and_o bustard_n case_n trin._n 31_o eliz._n rot._n 666._o in_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la it_o be_v find_v by_o special_a verdict_n that_o one_o s._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n and_o lease_v the_o same_o to_o f._n for_o 31_o year_n 129._o 10_o co._n 129._o yield_v and_o pay_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o the_o font-stone_n in_o the_o temple_n church_n the_o land_n itself_o lie_v in_o essex_n upon_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o annunciation_n of_o our_o lady_n and_o st_n michael_n or_o within_o twelve_o day_n after_o either_o of_o the_o say_a feast_n by_o even_a portion_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o say_a rent_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v unpaid_a by_o the_o say_a space_n of_o twelve_o day_n proxime_fw-la post_fw-la aliquod_fw-la festorum_fw-la vel_fw-la dierum_fw-la solutionis_fw-la inde_fw-la that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o lessor_n to_o re-enter_v t._n assign_v his_o interest_n to_o bustard_n the_o defendant_n at_o michaelmas_n the_o rent_n be_v behind_o and_o the_o twelve_o day_n after_o the_o lessor_n
she_o seize_v of_o the_o advowson_n in_o the_o right_n of_o her_o crown_n or_o of_o her_o duchy_n but_o when_o she_o claim_v by_o lapse_n it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o afterward_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o writ_n because_o it_o be_v not_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o writ_n how_o the_o queen_n claim_v the_o advowson_n as_o where_o the_o king_n have_v right_o to_o present_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o temporalty_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o his_o hand_n the_o writ_n shall_v say_v ratione_fw-la archiepiscopatus_n cant._n nuno_fw-it vacant_a or_o ratione_fw-la custodiae_fw-la and_o so_o because_o this_o advowson_n be_v parcel_n of_o her_o duchy_n the_o writ_n ought_v to_o say_v so_o and_o anderson_n chief_a justice_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o writ_n be_v good_a enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o want_n of_o that_o clause_n ratione_fw-la ducatus_fw-la for_o both_o way_n it_o be_v good_a and_o sufficient_a general_o or_o special_o as_o where_o a_o man_n have_v a_o advowson_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o husband_n bring_v a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la the_o writ_n shall_v be_v general_a ad_fw-la svam_fw-la special_a donationem_fw-la without_o the_o mention_v of_o his_o wife_n see_v the_o book_n of_o entry_n 483._o the_o writ_n be_v general_a but_o the_o count_n be_v special_a and_o there_o be_v the_o very_a case_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n and_o then_o the_o writ_n be_v general_a but_o the_o count_n be_v ratione_fw-la ducatus_fw-la svi_fw-la lancastr_n and_o such_o a_o avoidance_n of_o a_o church_n parcel_n of_o the_o duchy_n may_v be_v grant_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o see_v the_o case_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n in_o plowden_n to_o that_o purpose_n and_o afterward_o a_o precedent_n be_v show_v in_o an._n 32_o h._n 6._o where_o the_o writ_n be_v general_a and_o the_o count_n be_v ratione_fw-la ducatus_fw-la cccviii_o pasch_fw-mi 33_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n to_o begin_v at_o the_o feast_n of_o our_o lady_n mary_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n lease_n lease_n without_o show_v the_o certainty_n at_o which_o feast_n the_o annunciation_n purification_n etc._n etc._n yet_o the_o lease_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o the_o lessee_n may_v determine_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o term_n by_o his_o entry_n at_o which_o of_o the_o say_a feast_n the_o say_a term_n shall_v begin_v by_o anderson_n chief_a justice_n but_o periam_n doubt_v of_o it_o cccix_o blagrave_n and_o wood_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 33_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v by_o blagrave_n against_o wood_n 20._o surrender_v to_o the_o steward_n out_o of_o court._n co._n 4_o rep._n 20._o of_o land_n in_o tot_a in_o the_o county_n of_o surrey_n concern_v a_o surrender_n make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o sir_n thomas_n holcroft_n by_o alice_n pagnam_fw-la 7_o e._n 6._o before_o one_o forcet_v than_o steward_n there_o the_o issue_n be_v if_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v surrender_v the_o say_v forcet_v be_v steward_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n scil_n that_o the_o say_v forcet_v circa_fw-la 9_o aprilis_fw-la 7_o e._n 6._o be_v retain_v by_o one_o elizabeth_n pagnam_fw-la then_o before_o and_o afterward_o lady_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n to_o be_v her_o steward_n there_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o this_o retainer_n be_v only_o by_o word_n in_o the_o country_n and_o no_o fee_n or_o annuity_n give_v for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o the_o say_v forcet_v according_a to_o the_o say_a retainer_n have_v keep_v court_n there_o divers_a time_n and_o further_o that_o such_o a_o day_n and_o year_n at_o st._n dunstan_n in_o the_o east_n the_o say_v forcet_v take_v a_o surrender_n which_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o roll_v the_o next_o court_n and_o that_o before_o that_o and_o after_o he_o take_v divers_a surrender_n as_o well_o out_o of_o court_n as_o in_o court_n and_o have_v hold_v divers_a court_n there_o and_o upon_o this_o verdict_n it_o be_v move_v by_o snagg_n sergeant_n that_o forcet_v upon_o the_o matter_n find_v by_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o such_o a_o steward_n that_o may_v take_v surrender_n out_o of_o court_n be_v retain_v only_o by_o word_n although_o to_o do_v other_o act_n in_o court_n he_o be_v a_o sufficient_a steward_n for_o in_o the_o court_n he_o be_v as_o a_o judge_n and_o no_o body_n be_v to_o dispute_v his_o authority_n there_o and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o steward_n of_o court_n and_o a_o steward_n of_o one_o manor_n have_v not_o as_o great_a a_o authority_n as_o the_o steward_n of_o another_o manor_n for_o a_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v take_v surrender_n in_o any_o place_n otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o a_o steward_n be_v retain_v to_o keep_v court_n for_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o keep_v court_n and_o all_o his_o power_n be_v within_o the_o court_n caso_n vide_fw-la co._n 4_o part_n 30._o dame_n holcr●fts_v caso_n and_o not_o without_o see_v 8_o eliz._n dyer_n 248._o draw_v sergeant_n to_o the_o contrary_n here_o forcet_v upon_o this_o retainder_n be_v steward_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lady_n of_o the_o manor_n which_o will_n shall_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v determine_v until_o the_o lady_n do_v discharge_v he_o and_o the_o difference_n which_o have_v be_v take_v betwixt_o steward_n of_o court_n and_o a_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o reason_n in_o it_o and_o it_o be_v true_a a_o assize_n can_v be_v bring_v of_o such_o a_o office_n without_o a_o patent_n of_o it_o for_o it_o can_v pass_v for_o life_n without_o a_o deed_n and_o although_o a_o steward_n in_o the_o court_n of_o copyholder_n be_v a_o judge_n yet_o he_o may_v be_v appoint_v without_o deed_n as_o where_o two_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o other_o now_o the_o arbitrator_n be_v judge_n as_o to_o that_o intent_n and_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v appoint_v arbitrator_n and_o discharge_v without_o deed_n 19_o h_n 6._o 6._o 5_o e._n 4._o 3._o 21_o h._n 6._o 30._o but_o they_o can_v by_o their_o award_n transfer_v freehold_n from_o one_o to_o another_o 21_o e._n 3._o 26._o 14_o h._n 4._o 18._o and_o 17._o by_o culpeper_n and_o skreen_n and_o see_v as_o to_o a_o steward_n retain_v by_o word_n 8_o eliz._n 248._o and_o see_v 12_o h._n 7._o 25_o 26_o 27._o where_o a_o bailiff_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v appoint_v without_o deed_n and_o so_o of_o a_o under-sheriff_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n owen_n sergeant_n contrary_a here_o forcet_v at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o surrender_n be_v not_o steward_n but_o the_o retainer_n void_a 1._o no_o fee_n be_v allow_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o say_a office_n 3_o h._n 6._o a_o labourer_n may_v be_v retain_v without_o promise_n of_o any_o salary_n in_o certain_a for_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o law._n 2._o he_o be_v not_o retain_v by_o deed_n and_o although_o he_o may_v be_v retain_v without_o deed_n to_o hold_v court_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la vice_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o retainer_n be_v for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o deed._n 3_o he_o be_v retain_v to_o keep_v the_o court_n but_o not_o to_o be_v steward_n which_o shall_v be_v intend_v to_o hold_v court_n and_o then_o when_o that_o be_v past_o his_o authority_n shall_v cease_v and_o then_o all_o which_o he_o do_v afterward_o be_v void_a but_o if_o he_o have_v be_v retain_v to_o be_v steward_n of_o the_o manor_n than_o the_o surrender_v take_v out_o of_o court_n have_v be_v well_o enough_o 4._o there_o be_v not_o any_o custom_n find_v by_o the_o verdict_n to_o warrant_v such_o a_o surrender_n take_v out_o of_o court_n and_o then_o if_o the_o surrender_n be_v not_o warrant_v by_o their_o custom_n it_o be_v void_a yeluerton_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o all_o case_n in_o real_a action_n which_o concern_v land_n the_o suitor_n be_v the_o judge_n but_o in_o personal_a action_n under_o the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n the_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o although_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n yet_o he_o may_v be_v appoint_v without_o deed._n and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v that_o no_o fee_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o exercise_v of_o the_o office_n the_o same_o be_v not_o material_a as_o to_o the_o grant_v but_o the_o party_n be_v not_o compellable_n without_o a_o fee_n to_o do_v the_o service_n and_o a_o man_n may_v be_v constitute_v bailiff_n of_o such_o a_o manor_n without_o deed_n and_o yet_o more_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o bailiff_n than_o to_o the_o
steward_n as_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n rep._n sea_n more_n 1_o rep._n the_o writ_n of_o right_o shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o see_v 21_o h._n 7._o 36_o 37._o where_o the_o sheriff_n or_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v without_o deed_n and_o here_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o retainer_n be_v not_o to_o keep_v one_o court_n but_o to_o keep_v the_o court_n of_o the_o lady_n of_o the_o manor_n scil_n all_o her_o court_n until_o he_o be_v discharge_v it_o be_v adjourn_v cccx_o ascew_n and_o fuliamb_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 33_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n 233._o andita_fw-la querela_fw-la 1_o cro._n 233._o ascew_n be_v bind_v by_o statute_n to_o fuliamb_n and_o there_o be_v not_o two_o seal_n put_v to_o the_o statute_n and_o execution_n be_v sue_v upon_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o conusor_n bring_v a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la and_o they_o be_v at_o issue_n if_o two_o seal_n be_v to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o try_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n and_o it_o be_v move_v by_o glanvil_n sergeant_n that_o the_o issue_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v try_v by_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o mayor_n of_o lincoln_n before_o who_o the_o acknowledgement_n be_v and_o not_o by_o jury_n which_o be_v deny_v for_o the_o issue_n be_v not_o whether_o any_o such_o statute_n be_v acknowledge_v or_o not_o but_o whether_o the_o statute_n in_o question_n have_v two_o seal_n or_o not_o and_o that_o be_v not_o record_v by_o the_o mayor_n as_o the_o statute_n itself_o be_v another_o exception_n be_v take_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o record_n that_o the_o issue_n be_v try_v by_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n where_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n of_o linc._n for_o linc._n only_o be_v in_o the_o margin_n but_o to_o that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o such_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n to_o which_o the_o preignothory_n agree_v and_o the_o book_n of_o 18_o e._n 3._o 25._o be_v urge_v where_o execution_n of_o land_n of_o the_o conusor_n be_v award_v upon_o a_o statute_n merchant_n and_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o pay_v etc._n etc._n 16_o e._n 3._o but_o the_o original_a writ_n which_o issue_v to_o take_v the_o body_n of_o the_o conusor_n be_v 14_o e._n 3._o and_o upon_o that_o error_n bring_v and_o the_o court_n agree_v that_o case_n but_o these_o two_o case_n do_v differ_v for_o there_o the_o process_n be_v misaward_v not_o so_o here_o and_o although_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n may_v lie_v yet_o the_o same_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la may_v lie_v also_o and_o afterward_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n cccxi_o jennings_n and_o gower_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 31._o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o jennings_n and_o gower_n the_o word_n be_v 219._o 1_o cro._n 219._o that_o if_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o devisor_n will_v permit_v one_o wats_n to_o enjoy_v such_o a_o term_n for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o year_n next_o follow_v that_o then_o she_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o residue_n of_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o his_o sole_a executrix_n etc._n etc._n anderson_n chief_a justice_n conceive_v that_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v executrix_n for_o she_o be_v to_o be_v executrix_n upon_o a_o condition_n precedent_n to_o be_v perform_v before_o that_o she_o be_v executrix_n and_o the_o condition_n be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v and_o then_o she_o shall_v never_o be_v executrix_n for_o where_o a_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v create_v upon_o a_o condition_n impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v there_o the_o estate_n shall_v never_o come_v in_o esse_fw-la and_o here_o the_o condition_n be_v impossible_a for_o how_o can_v she_o suffer_v wats_n to_o enjoy_v the_o term_n for_o 3._o year_n next_o follow_v &_o the_o 3._o year_n ought_v to_o be_v past_a before_o she_o have_v any_o power_n either_o to_o permit_v or_o resist_v for_o until_o the_o three_o year_n be_v encur_v she_o can_v be_v executrix_n nor_o before_o the_o three_o year_n expire_v can_v she_o bring_v any_o action_n as_o executrix_n for_o her_o authority_n do_v not_o begin_v before_o the_o three_o year_n be_v expire_v walm_n peri._n &_o wind._n contrary_a although_o a_o grant_n upon_o a_o condition_n precedent_n do_v not_o take_v effect_n until_o the_o condition_n be_v perform_v yet_o such_o a_o construction_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o case_n so_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o devisor_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v stand_v if_o the_o condition_n have_v be_v that_o if_o the_o wife_n will_v find_v meat_n and_o drink_n to_o such_o a_o person_n until_o his_o death_n that_o then_o she_o shall_v be_v executrix_n shall_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v executrix_n till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o such_o party_n true_o yes_o for_o otherwise_o she_o shall_v never_o be_v executrix_n which_o be_v utter_o against_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o testator_n for_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v commit_v administration_n of_o his_o good_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o afterward_o anderson_n change_v his_o opinion_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o other_o justice_n periam_n the_o subsequent_a word_n prove_v direct_o that_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v to_o make_v his_o wife_n executrix_n immediate_o until_o she_o be_v disturb_v by_o the_o say_v wats_n for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o if_o she_o refuse_v to_o suffer_v the_o say_a wats_n to_o enjoy_v etc._n etc._n then_o his_o son_n shall_v be_v his_o executor_n which_o word_n imply_v that_o by_o a_o disturbance_n make_v by_o the_o wife_n her_o executor-ship_n shall_v cease_v and_o that_o the_o son_n shall_v have_v it_o which_o can_v proper_o be_v if_o she_o be_v not_o executrix_n from_o the_o beginning_n and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a course_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o will_n to_o consider_v all_o the_o clause_n of_o the_o will_n and_o to_o judge_v upon_o all_o the_o word_n of_o the_o will_n and_o not_o upon_o one_o part_n only_o and_o such_o construction_n the_o judge_n use_v in_o the_o case_n of_o param_fw-la and_o yardley_n and_o welden_n and_o elhing_n and_o afterward_o at_o another_o day_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o wife_n that_o she_o be_v executrix_n present_o and_o her_o authority_n shall_v not_o expect_v until_o the_o three_o year_n be_v expire_v if_o not_o that_o any_o actual_a disturbance_n can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v or_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o wife_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o devisor_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o will_n will_v receive_v such_o construction_n that_o she_o shall_v be_v executrix_n until_o a_o actual_a disturbance_n of_o wats_n cccxii_o palm_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o peterborough_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 33._o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n 241._o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la 1_o cor._n 241._o in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la by_o margaret_n palm_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o peterborough_n who_o plead_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v present_a unto_o he_o one_o i._n s._n of_o who_o the_o bishop_n ask_v if_o he_o be_v within_o order_n and_o if_o he_o have_v his_o letter_n of_o order_n and_o because_o the_o presentee_n can_v not_o show_v the_o bishop_n his_o order_n he_o refuse_v he_o and_o command_v he_o to_o come_v another_o time_n and_o show_v to_o he_o his_o order_n and_o that_o the_o presentee_n do_v never_o do_v it_o nor_o offer_v to_o the_o say_a bishop_n his_o say_a order_n without_o that_o he_o do_v disturb_v he_o in_o other_o manner_n and_o by_o periam_n and_o anderson_n it_o be_v no_o plea_n for_o upon_o his_o own_o show_v the_o defendant_n be_v a_o disturber_n 75._o refusal_n of_o the_o bishop_n degg_n 75._o for_o although_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n require_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o benefice_n with_o cure_n of_o soul_n if_o he_o be_v not_o a_o deacon_n yet_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o compel_v the_o clerk_n to_o show_v his_o order_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o for_o such_o a_o frivolous_a cause_n do_v refuse_v to_o admit_v he_o the_o same_o be_v a_o disturbance_n and_o afterward_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o count_n because_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v tenant_n for_o life_n of_o the_o advowson_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o her_o husband_n 57_o co._n 5_o rep._n 57_o have_v not_o allege_v any_o presentment_n in_o her_o husband_n or_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o only_o in_o herself_o but_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v for_o that_o point_n have_v be_v late_o overrule_v in_o this_o court_n in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o specot_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o exeter_n &_o 8_o h._n 5._o 4._o adjudge_v
command_v a_o court_n baron_n to_o be_v hold_v there_o which_o be_v hold_v according_o by_o the_o sufferance_n of_o the_o executor_n and_o the_o say_a executor_n be_v also_o present_a at_o which_o time_n the_o executor_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n say_v these_o word_n viz._n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o this_o manor_n 67._o return_v of_o the_o sheriff_n 4_o co._n 67._o and_o upon_o this_o verdict_n two_o thing_n be_v move_v if_o because_o the_o liberate_n be_v not_o return_v the_o execution_n be_v good_a and_o as_o to_o that_o divers_a book_n be_v cite_v 21_o h._n 6._o 8._o 18_o e._n 3._o 25._o and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o liberate_n and_o a_o capias_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la and_o a_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la for_o these_o writ_n be_v conditional_a ita_fw-la quod_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la etc._n etc._n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la habeas_fw-la denarios_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la 3_o h._n 7._o 3._o 16_o h._n 7._o 14._o but_o contrary_a in_o the_o writ_n of_o liberate_n habere_fw-la facias_fw-la seisinam_fw-la for_o in_o such_o writ_n there_o be_v not_o such_o clause_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o writ_n be_v not_o return_v the_o execution_n do_v by_o virtue_n of_o they_o be_v good_a enough_o and_o see_v 11_o h._n 4._o 121._o if_o the_o sheriff_n by_o force_n of_o a_o elegit_fw-la deliver_v to_o the_o party_n the_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o do_v not_o return_v the_o writ_n if_o now_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la the_o defendant_n may_v plead_v in_o bar_n the_o execution_n aforesaid_a although_o the_o writ_n of_o execution_n be_v not_o return_v and_o yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o upon_o the_o record_n and_o see_v the_o case_n there_o put_v by_o hankford_n and_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o the_o case_n of_o partition_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v return_v because_o that_o after_o the_o return_n thereof_o a_o new_a and_o secondary_a judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v i._o quod_fw-la partitio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la firma_fw-la &_o stabilis_fw-la maneat_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la firma_fw-la &_o stabilis_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la teneatur_fw-la see_v the_o book_n of_o entry_n 114._o and_o egerton_n solicitor_n cite_v a_o case_n late_o adjudge_v betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o the_o widow_n tanfeild_n case_n earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o tanfeilds_n case_n that_o such_o execution_n without_o return_n be_v good_a enough_o another_o matter_n be_v move_v admit_v that_o here_o be_v a_o good_a execution_n if_o now_o the_o executor_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n by_o force_n of_o that_o execution_n and_o permit_v and_o suffer_v the_o conusor_n to_o hold_v a_o court_n there_o in_o the_o manor-house_n and_o say_v in_o his_o presence_n the_o word_n aforesaid_a if_o the_o same_o do_v amount_v to_o a_o surrender_n by_o the_o executor_n to_o the_o say_v conusor_n surrender_v surrender_v or_o not_o and_o wray_n chief_a justice_n say_v that_o here_o upon_o this_o matter_n be_v not_o any_o surrender_n for_o here_o the_o word_n be_v not_o address_v to_o the_o say_v conusor_n who_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o surrender_n nor_o to_o any_o person_n certain_a and_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o the_o case_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o 23_o 24._o chamberlain_n assize_n where_o tenant_n for_o life_n say_v to_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n that_o his_o will_n be_v that_o he_o enter_v the_o same_o be_v a_o good_a surrender_n for_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_a who_o can_v take_v it_o but_o contrary_a in_o this_o case_n for_o here_o it_o be_v but_o a_o general_a speech_n it_o be_v adjourn_v ccclxxix_o baskervile_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n case_n pasch_fw-mi 28_o eliz._n in_o the_o common_a pleas._n impedit_fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la by_o walter_n baskervile_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n count_v that_o sir_n nicholas_n arnold_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o advowson_n as_o in_o gross_a and_o grant_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_v baskervile_n and_o other_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o use_n of_o richard_n arnold_n his_o son_n in_o tail_n proviso_n that_o if_o the_o say_v nicholas_n die_v the_o say_a richard_n be_v within_o age_n of_o twenty_o three_o year_n that_o then_o the_o grantee_n and_o their_o heir_n shall_v be_v seize_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n until_o the_o say_a richard_n have_v accomplish_v the_o say_a age_n nicholas_n die_v richard_n be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n by_o force_n of_o which_o the_o grantee_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a advowson_n and_o afterward_o the_o church_n become_v void_a and_o so_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o to_o present_v and_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o count_n because_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o aver_v the_o life_n of_o richard_n upon_o who_o life_n the_o interest_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v depend_v averment_n averment_n and_o gawdy_a sergeant_n liken_v it_o to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o parson_n which_o have_v be_v adjudge_v that_o where_o the_o lessee_n of_o a_o parson_n bring_v a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la and_o it_o be_v find_v for_o he_o and_o in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o declaration_n because_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o parson_n be_v not_o aver_v and_o for_o that_o cause_n judgement_n be_v stay_v anderson_n chief_a justice_n upon_o the_o die_a of_o sir_n nicholas_n rich_a be_v but_o of_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n a_o absolute_a interest_n for_o nine_o year_n ve_v determinable_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o richard_n or_o rather_o they_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n determinable_a upon_o the_o come_n of_o richard_n to_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o three_o year_n rhodes_n and_o windham_n contrary_a that_o here_o be_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o grantee_n determinable_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o richard_n within_o the_o term_n for_o if_o richard_n die_v without_o issue_n within_o the_o term_n the_o remainder_n be_v limit_v over_o to_o a_o stranger_n and_o as_o to_o the_o exception_n to_o the_o count_n 59_o dyer_n 304._o ●_o 2_o cro._n 622_o 637._o 10_o co._n 59_o it_o be_v argue_v by_o pucker_a sergeant_n that_o the_o count_n be_v good_a enough_o for_o although_o the_o life_n of_o richard_n be_v not_o express_o aver_v yet_o such_o averment_n be_v strong_o imply_v and_o so_o supply_v for_o the_o count_n be_v that_o dictus_fw-la nicholas_n obiit_fw-la dicto_fw-la ric._n be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n &_o non_fw-la amplius_fw-la by_o force_n of_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a advowson_n quo_fw-la quidem_fw-la sic_fw-la possessionato_fw-mi existente_fw-la the_o church_n become_v void_a and_o possess_v he_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o say_v richard_n have_v not_o be_v then_o alive_a and_o the_o same_o be_v as_o strong_a as_o a_o averment_n see_v 10_o e._n 4._o 18._o in_o trespass_n for_o break_v his_o close_a the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o a._n be_v seize_v and_o do_v enfeoff_v he_o to_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v that_o long_a time_n before_o a._n have_v any_o thing_n b._n be_v seize_v and_o lease_v to_o the_o say_v a._n at_o will_n who_o enfeoff_v the_o defendant_n upon_o which_o b._n do_v re-enter_v and_o lease_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o will_n by_o force_n of_o which_o he_o be_v possess_v until_o the_o defendant_n do_v the_o trespass_n and_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v a_o good_a replication_n without_o aver_v the_o life_n of_o b._n who_o lease_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o will_n for_o that_o be_v imply_v by_o the_o word_n i._o virtute_fw-la cujus_fw-la 766._o 1_o cro._n 766._o the_o plaintiff_n be_v possess_v until_o the_o defendant_n do_v the_o trespass_n and_o see_v also_o 10_o h._n 7._o 12._o in_o a_o assize_n of_o common_a the_o plaintiff_n make_v title_n that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o message_n and_o of_o a_o carve_v of_o land_n to_o which_o he_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n etc._n etc._n have_v have_v common_a appendant_a etc._n etc._n and_o do_v not_o say_v that_o he_o be_v now_o seize_v of_o the_o message_n but_o this_o exception_n be_v disallow_v by_o the_o court_n for_o seisin_n shall_v be_v intend_v to_o continue_v until_o the_o contrary_n be_v show_v it_o be_v adjourn_v ccclxxx_o carry_v case_n pasch_fw-mi 28_o eliz._n in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o a_o information_n in_o the_o exchequer_n by_o the_o queen_n against_o cary_n 222._o tithe_n more_n rep._n 222._o the_o case_n be_v this_o a_o man_n grant_v situm_fw-la rectoriae_n cum_fw-la decimis_fw-la eidem_fw-la pertinent_a habend_n situm_fw-la predict_v cum_fw-la suis_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la for_o twenty_o year_n the_o first_o grantee_n die_v within_o the_o term._n
case_n 39_o eliz._n and_o damport_v case_n 45_o eliz._n and_o this_o act_n of_o 13_o eliz._n be_v general_n in_o respect_n of_o time_n for_o it_o extend_v to_o all_o time_n after_o from_o henceforth_o and_o to_o all_o person_n to_o who_o such_o lease_n shall_v be_v make_v the_o word_n the_o statute_n be_v scil_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n in_o respect_n of_o person_n who_o shall_v lease_n all_o spiritual_a person_n general_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o end_n which_o be_v the_o maintenance_n of_o learning_n which_o extend_v to_o the_o common_a profit_n etc._n etc._n draw_v sergeant_n that_o this_o act_n of_o 13_o eliz_n be_v general_n in_o respect_n of_o restraint_n only_o and_o extend_v only_o to_o spiritual_a person_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v plead_v for_o otherwise_o the_o court_n shall_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 6._o of_o sheriff_n ought_v to_o be_v plead_v which_o see_v in_o the_o case_n of_o dive_v and_o manningham_n plowden_n 64_o 65._o 45._o co._n 1_o inst_z 45._o and_o although_o the_o statute_n ought_v to_o be_v plead_v yet_o this_o lease_n be_v not_o void_a against_o the_o warden_n who_o make_v it_o but_o against_o his_o successor_n although_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v upon_o it_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o perclose_v of_o the_o statute_n be_v utter_o void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n to_o all_o intent_n construction_n and_o purpose_n so_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o eliz._n concern_v lease_n make_v by_o bishop_n the_o law_n have_v be_v so_o take_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o coventry_n and_o lichfeild_n upon_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o next_o avoidance_n that_o although_o it_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o successor_n yet_o it_o shall_v bind_v the_o grantor_n himself_o so_o here_o this_o lease_n be_v make_v by_o the_o present_a warden_n and_o fellow_n of_o the_o college_n aforesaid_a although_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o bind_v the_o successor_n yet_o it_o shall_v bind_v the_o warden_n who_o make_v the_o lease_n pucker_v contrary_a and_o as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o 13_o e._n 4._o 8._o the_o reason_n there_o be_v because_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o divers_a grant_n make_v by_o king_n h._n 6._o and_o therefore_o the_o say_a act_n ought_v to_o be_v special_o plead_v and_o see_v 34_o h._n 6._o 34._o by_o prisoit_fw-fr but_o in_o this_o act_n of_o 13_o eliz._n there_o be_v not_o any_o exception_n and_o although_o it_o be_v a_o general_a act_n with_o a_o restraint_n yet_o such_o a_o act_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v plead_v and_o therefore_o 27_o h._n 8._o 23._o in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 21_o h._n 8._o for_o take_v of_o land_n to_o ferm_n by_o spiritual_a person_n he_o need_v not_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o afterward_o the_o justice_n do_v advise_v upon_o this_o point_n whether_o the_o lease_n be_v so_o void_a that_o it_o be_v void_a against_o a_o stranger_n so_o as_o the_o defendant_n who_o do_v not_o claim_v under_o the_o college_n and_o who_o have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o land_n may_v avoid_v it_o and_o periam_n justice_n deny_v the_o case_n put_v by_o puckering_n a._n mortgage_n land_n to_o b._n upon_o a_o usurious_a contract_n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n b._n be_v oust_v by_o c._n against_o who_o b._n bring_v a_o action_n c._n can_v plead_v the_o statute_n of_o usury_n for_o he_o have_v no_o title_n for_o the_o estate_n be_v void_a against_o the_o mortgagor_n another_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o declaration_n because_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v declare_v upon_o a_o lease_n by_o the_o warden_n and_o fellow_n without_o name_v any_o name_n of_o the_o warden_n 13_o e._n 4._o 8._o 18_o e._n 4._o 8._o in_o trespass_n the_o defendant_n do_v justify_v because_o that_o the_o freehold_n be_v in_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o he_o as_o servant_n and_o by_o their_o commandment_n enter_v and_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o that_o plea_n because_o he_o have_v not_o show_v the_o name_n of_o the_o dean_n scil_n the_o proper_a name_n so_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v by_o dean_n and_o chapter_n in_o these_o word_n nos_fw-la decan_n &_o capituli_fw-la the_o same_o lease_n be_v void_a which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o court_n and_o 12_o h._n 4251._o a_o provost_n grant_v a_o annuity_n by_o the_o name_n of_o provost_n of_o such_o a_o college_n without_o any_o name_n of_o baptism_n and_o afterward_o the_o grantee_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o annuity_n against_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o say_a provost_n and_o by_o hull_n the_o writ_n be_v well_o enough_o but_o the_o christian_a name_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o writ_n so_o here_o because_o that_o the_o name_n of_o baptism_n of_o the_o warden_n be_v not_o in_o the_o declaration_n the_o same_o be_v not_o good_a but_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n be_v that_o the_o declaration_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o they_o do_v rely_v especial_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o 21_o e_z 4._o 15_o 16._o where_o debt_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n without_o any_o christian_a name_n and_o the_o writ_n hold_v good_a anderson_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o college_n be_v incorporate_v by_o the_o name_n of_o warden_n and_o fellow_n and_o not_o by_o any_o christian_a name_n that_o they_o may_v purchase_v and_o lease_n by_o such_o name_n without_o any_o christian_a name_n and_o may_v be_v implead_v and_o implead_v other_o by_o such_o name_n and_o as_o the_o fellow_n in_o such_o case_n need_v not_o to_o be_v name_v by_o their_o christian_a name_n no_o more_o ought_v the_o warden_n but_o of_o a_o parson_n vicar_n chantry_n priest_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o such_o case_n the_o name_n of_o baptism_n ought_v to_o be_v add_v it_o be_v also_o object_v that_o because_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v to_o enter_v in_o the_o manor_n and_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o college_n in_o such_o a_o town_n and_o to_o seal_v the_o indenture_n of_o lease_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lessor_n and_o to_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n as_o their_o deed_n now_o the_o attorney_n in_o execute_v of_o this_o warrant_n have_v not_o pursue_v it_o for_o he_o have_v only_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o manor_n and_o so_o the_o lease_n be_v void_a and_o it_o be_v say_v by_o puckering_n that_o if_o i_o lease_n two_o acre_n in_o two_o several_a county_n render_v for_o the_o one_o acre_n 10_o s._n and_o for_o the_o other_o acre_n 10_o s._n and_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o make_v livery_n in_o both_o if_o the_o attorney_n enter_v into_o one_o acre_n and_o make_v livery_n the_o same_o be_v void_a for_o the_o attorney_n have_v not_o pursue_v his_o authority_n for_o peradventure_o i_o will_v not_o have_v lease_v the_o acre_n whereof_o livery_n be_v make_v for_o such_o rent_n of_o 10_o s._n be_v perhaps_o of_o great_a value_n but_o with_o the_o other_o acre_n which_o be_v of_o lesser_a value_n and_o so_o the_o mis-executing_a of_o my_o warrant_n shall_v prejudice_v i_o windham_n perhaps_o if_o one_o entire_a rent_n have_v be_v reserve_v out_o of_o both_o acre_n it_o may_v be_v that_o by_o the_o livery_n in_o one_o acre_n all_o be_v void_a but_o by_o puckering_n one_o entire_a rent_n can_v be_v reserve_v upon_o such_o a_o lease_n of_o two_o acre_n in_o several_a county_n walmesley_n deny_v the_o case_n put_v by_o puckering_n for_o the_o authority_n be_v execute_v well_o enough_o for_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v upon_o the_o verdict_n but_o that_o the_o college_n be_v in_o possession_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lease_n make_v and_o then_o there_o need_v not_o any_o such_o entry_n but_o the_o bare_a seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o attorney_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o also_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o verdict_n that_o the_o college_n have_v any_o manor_n and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o intend_v and_o then_o the_o case_n be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o a_o man_n lease_v a_o manor_n and_o certain_a land_n in_o d._n and_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o make_v livery_n of_o they_o where_o he_o have_v nothing_o in_o the_o manor_n and_o the_o attorney_n make_v livery_n of_o the_o land_n without_o meddle_v with_o the_o manor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o good_a livery_n and_o the_o authority_n due_o execute_v but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o find_v that_o the_o college_n have_v such_o a_o manor_n there_o than_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o land_n only_o without_o meddle_v with_o the_o manor_n and_o the_o livery_n make_v according_o shall_v not_o be_v good_a but_o
ease_n and_o the_o word_n be_v hold_v actionable_a case_n kinseys_n case_n so_o in_o our_o case_n lewes_n say_v it_o be_v the_o case_n of_o one_o kinsey_n one_o say_v to_o a_o bailiff_n of_o a_o franchise_n thou_o do_v execute_v false_a warrant_n without_o say_v they_o be_v falsify_v by_o he_o adjudge_v a_o action_n do_v not_o lie_v wray_n chief_a justice_n these_o word_n in_o themselves_o be_v not_o actionable_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v be_v untrue_a in_o small_a thing_n which_o give_v no_o discredit_n but_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v may_v add_v weight_n to_o they_o as_o to_o call_v one_o bankrupt_a general_o no_o action_n lie_v upon_o it_o but_o to_o call_v a_o merchant_n so_o be_v actionable_a so_o to_o call_v o●e_n papist_n no_o action_n lie_v for_o it_o but_o if_o one_o call_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o a_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o he_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o church_n thou_o be_v a_o untrue_a man_n to_o the_o 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