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book_n	aaron_n	call_v	lord_n	77	3	3.3420	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62355	Italy in its original glory, ruine, and revival being an exact survey of the whole geography and history of that famous country, with the adjacent islands of Sicily, Malta, &c. : and whatever is remarkable in Rome (the mistress of the world) and all those towns and territories mentioned in antient and modern authors / translated out of the originals for general satisfaction, by Edmund Warcupp, Esquire.	Schottus, Franciscus, 1548-1622.; Warcupp, Edmund.	1660 (1660)	Wing S891; ESTC R14486	337,341	355

come near him as is recorded in the 34th Chapter of Exodus To return then to our subject The Persian Kings had a Crown to be worn on their heads which Zonara sets down in greek by its proper name which can neither be commodiously expressed either in Latin or vulgar tongue and it was a capital offence among the Persians for any one to put the Kings Crown upon his head as Dion Chrysostomus denotes in his first oration De libertate servitute Likewise the priests of the Gentiles wore a crown upon their heads for demonstration of that repute which appertained to the splendidness and maintenance of their Sacerdotal office whence the Antients were stupified at a suddain view of the great Priest of the Comani to whom as Strabo writes was granted the first honour next the King and to wear a Royal Crown Besides in Emesa a City of Phoenicia the Priests went clad with a long robe having a Crown of pretious stones of various colours in token of Majesty upon their heads Which Ornament Antoninus being made Emperor of the Romans by the multitude the Souldiery and the Priests of the Sun would not part with again as Herodianus in libro quinto clearly proves and so afterwards the Emperors of Constantinople triumphing elected this ornament which was called by a proper name as we read in the life of Basilius Porfirogenitus Triumphum duxit tiara tecta quam illi tuphum appellant although some modern Authors call it Calipora as saies Niceforus Gregorius in libro sexto Or Bishops then having two royal Dignities to wit the spiritual and temporal deservedly wear a double crown as Innocent the third in his third sermon De coronatione Pontificis confirms saying that the Popebears the Mitre in token of the spiritual power and the Crown in testimony of the Temporal both which are conferred upon him by God omnipotent King of Kings and Lord of Lords But let us examine a little whether the Mitre and the Crown are Ornaments adapted to the Ecclesiastical customs The mitre by Suidas is called the swathe or Fillet of the head bound about with gold and silver as Brissonius explains and Eusebius in his second book the first Chapter calls it a shelter with which Saint James the Apostle called the Brother of our Lord was suddainly adorned when by the Apostles he was chosen and consecrated Bishop of Jerusalem which Ornament although it took beginning with Aaron Priest of the Hebrew Law is nevertheless received into the Christian Church to the end that therewith the Bishops of all Nations may be adorned Policrates Ephesinus wore the Mitre as Eusebius in the 31st Chapter of the third Book relates as Priest of Ephesus and likewise the other Priests wore almost all the Ornaments of the antient Priests as the Robe and the Mitre that they might appear the more adorned and majestick saies Eusebius in his Book whereof Amalarius Rabanus and others the gravest Authors treat more amply What we have spoken touching the Mitre is without contradiction and is held for truth by the consent of many and sundry Nations but what is to be spoken touching a Kingdome and a Royal Crown is not so perspicuous to all wherefore to our best power we will endeavour to manifest the same Then first is to be observed that t is the common opinion of all that this sort of Ornament upon the head of the Pope had its original from the Emperor Constantine the Great as appears in the Acts of San Silvestre the Pope the same opinion is also embraced by all other Roman Bishops as by Leo the ninth in the 13. chapter of his Epistle against the presumption of Michaele and Innocent the third in his first Sermon of the blessed Silvester confirms That Constantine the great at his departure from Rome to Constantinople would have bestowed his own Crown upon San Silvester which he refused but in lieu thereof put a covering upon his head entirely circular and a little after Innocent follows in words to this sence And for this cause the Roman Bishop in testimony of Empire wears a Regal crown called in Latin Regnum and in testimony of his Pontificacy he wears a Mitre which is most convenient for him in all times and places universally because the spiritual power hath been ever esteemed for the Prior more worthy and more great then the Temporal And reason will yeeld that San Silvester would not wear that Crown but such a one as only covered the Temples in respect his head was shaven as the Popes ought to be Which shaving gave good reason that t was not decent to wear such a Diadem but rather that circular covering which he chose named properly Tiara Phrigia whereof Juvenal speaks in his sixth satyr saying Et Phrygia vestitur buca tiara Which Ornament may be supposed to be borrowed either from Phrygia or Phoenicia as we please because the Phrigians had their original from the Phoenicians And that this was given the Pope by the Emperor Constantine the great is most evident in the Acts of San Silvester where the Emperor reckons up those things that he had bestowed on the Pope and being come to this gives it the name Phrygium as t was its proper name but in respect t was not manifest to all what thing Phrygium denoted he explains himself in the sence by us set down saying et Phrygium nempe tegmen capitis sive Mitram This particular required so much explanation for that Theodorus Balsamones confounding the signification of Phrygium by joining it with the subsequent Lorum which imports a perfect different thing hath caused many to erre in beleeving that Phrygium and Lorum put together do denote Pallium the Cope which Arch Bishops wear by the concession of the highest Bishop But t is not convenient for us to dwell longer upon the dispute let the intelligent read the latin Itinerary in this place where they 'l meet an ample discourse upon the significations of these words Other authors will have that this Crown came not from Constantine but from Clodoveo as they labour to draw from Segeberto under the yeer of our Lord 550. who speaks to this sence Clodoveus the King received from Anastasius the Emperor the Codicils of the Consulacy a Crown of Gold with Jewels and the red garment and on that day he was called Consul and King but the same King sent to Saint Peter at Rome the Crown of Gold with the Jewels the Royal Ensigne which is called Regnum Armonius also confirms in his first book the 24th Chapter that from Clodoveus the Pope had the Crown and Anastasius the Library Keeper under Pope Hormisda testifies that Saint Peter received many gifts In whom I have read that in the yeer 776 that Philip the first Pope and Constantine the second Pope were both consecrated in San Peters Church but we must observe that the antient Authors under the word consecration understand also the ceremony of coronation for that when they

Marqueses have proceeded but also many Cardinals Bishops and other prelates with most learned men of whom are Sadoleto and Segonio whose works are of note to all It continued a long time in liberty as did the other Cities of Lumbardy but is at present subject to the Dukes of Estè who by their constant residence much ennoble and enrich it they here Make Vizards and Targets much esteemed through Italy Forth of Modena towards the South under the Appenines stands Formegine Spezzano and ten miles off it Sassulo a noble and civil Castle with a sumptuous Palace of the Family of Pia washed by the River Secchia where stands a fair Church dedicated to the blessed Virgine whither resort infinite People to obtain Graces Upon the said Mountain are many other Villages and Hamlets which also may be seen on that part of Modena towards the East These Castles heretofore subject to several Lords and particularly to them of Monte who were then very potent in these Countreys and possessed all the placs in the Graffignana which confines with Bologna and among them Sestola and Fanano Then going Westward you see the Alpes of San Pelligrino and the Castle Aquario famous for its Baths After turning to the South by these Mountains runs the Tyrrehene Sea somewhat further near Bologna on the Banks of the River Panaro appears Castle Vetro and Spilimberto of the Signori Rangori whence four miles you finde Vignola a Town honoured with a Marquisate subject to the Signori Boncompagio which Town confines with the Bolognian territories Towards the North is seated Correggio at 12. miles distance thence and somewhat further the most noble Castle or rather Imperial City Carpi which may very well be paralleld to many Cities both for the great and ingenuous People and the superfluity of all things necessary It hath the title of a Principality and was a long time enjoyed by the Signori Pii but is at present By the Duke of Modena On the Eastern part of Modena is a Chanel upon which you may be conveied eight miles by Boat unto Finale then passing on the Panaro and entring the Poe they go to Terrara upon the River Pinaro where the Chanel runs into it stand Bon Porto and San Felice praised for good Wines Along the Via Emilia 3 miles distant from Modena passeth the River Panaro near which are the confines between the Modonesi and the Bolognesi in which place Claudius the Consul copeing with the Enemies took 15000. Prisoners and 700. Liguri moreover in the same place Rotari King of the Longobardi routed the Roman Army and slew seven thousand of them There also the Army of the Modonesi being discomfited by the Bolognesi Enzo King of Sardegna Son of Frderick the second was taken Prisoner On the other side of the Panaro is Novantola with an antient and noble Monastery founded by Anselino Kinsman of Astolfo King of the Longobards having been a worthy Captain in their Army and there quitting this World created himself Captain of a thousand Monkes endowing the place with store of Goods and Revenues about the yeer of our Salvation 780. It was afterwards restored by the Countess Matilda and is inhabited by many Monks who have Jurisdiction as far as Spain wherein are kept the body of Saint Adrian the Pope and some part of S. Silvester with many othet Reliques and some antient Books particularly the Breviary of the said Matilda Near the Via Emilia between Bologna and Novantola stands S. Agata a Castle built be Barbarossa the Emperor and Crevalcore formerly called All●…gra Cuore where twice the Armies of Bernabo Visconte Lord of Milan were overthrown Then one comes to San Giovanni a Countrey yeelding Wheat and other Grains On the left side of the Emilian Way are seen Castiglione and Casile Franco 15. miles from Bologna in which Territory was lately raised an inexpugnable Fort by Pope Urban the 8th from whose name t is denominated Urbano Near which is the Foro de Galli where Irtio and Pansa the Roman Consuls fighting with M. Antonius obtained a glorious Victory but with it their mortal wounds whereof they both dyed in the same place Then appear Piumanio Bazano and Crepellano pleasant Castles seated on those little Hills at the Feet of the Apenines On the left side of the Emilian Way five miles distant from Bologna is the River Lavino and Ghironda which joyning togeher encompass Forcelli in a triangular form at one miles distant from the Via Emilia where Octavianus Marcus Antonius and Marcus Lepidus parted the Monarchy between themselves which Forcelli seems now a Peninsula though it may be perceived to have been an Island afterwards these two Rivers throw themselves into the Poe About a mile before you arrive at Bologna there is a very long Bridge built of Stone which reacheth from the one side of the River to the other whence to Bologna is an easiy mile BOLOGNA la Grassa or BOLONIA the Fatt BOlogna was antiently head of the 12. Cities which the Tuscans possessed on that side of the Apenines who being driven out by the French and the French by rhe Romans it became a Colony of the Romans who sent thither 3000. men to inhabit After the Romans it was subjected to the Graecians the Longobards and to the Esarcato of Ravenna Afterwards recovered liberty like the other Cities of Lumbardi at which time the wicked factions of the Lambertazzi and Geremei arose and reduced it to great misery and servitude which their sufferings caused them to recommend themselvs to the Roman chief Bishop Afterwards to the Pepoli Visconti Bentivogli and finally it wholly put it self under the wings of the Pope who now enjoys it with peace It is situated at the Foot of the Apenines in the midst of the Via Emilia placed according to ●…tolomeo in the 6th Climate at 33. degrees and a half having the said Apenines on the South the Via Emilia or Roman Way on the East and the pleasant and fertile Campagna leading to Ferrara and Venetia on the North At its beginning t was formed a small City according to the accustomed manner of the Ancients with two only Gates the one towards Rome the other towards Lumbardi Afterwards in the time of Gratian the Emperour they adjoyned two other Gates and at the restauration which San Petronio made after the destruction by Theodosius they made 9. Gates as some say 12. as others where now are extant certain little Turrets called Turrosetti At last enlarged as at this day the said Gates were made twelve and was so much encreased that certain yeerspast being measured within the Walls Its circuit was found to be 5. miles in length two miles want a quarter and in bredth one mile from the Port S. Mammola to the Port Galliera It is formed in the similitude of a Ship more long tha●…broad at one side shewing the figure of a Prow and at the other that of a Poop having in the