to consume these vapours The shape in the cloudes opposed to the Sunne is A raine-bow how occasioned the raine-bow of divers colours in a hollow thin and in an unequall cloud fashioned by reflection of the Suns beames and the raine-bow is greater the nearer it commeth to the Horizon If many raine-bowes be seene the latter is made by the shining of the other and are more obscure than the former The colours of the Raine-bow be light red green A description of the rainebow and the signes os it sky colour and yeallow the raine-bow is a foreteller of raine it sheweth that many vapours are dissolued which will shortly be raine The hayle is like this but it is alwayes under the Sunne Meteors of dissolved cloudes are either hardened Meteors of dissolued cloudes or moyst as raine which is as it were a cloude melted and turned unto water if the cloude bee neare the earth the drops are great if hie the drops are smaller The rayning of frogges fish milke flesh and such like come of such matter being carried up which doth againe Reason of it fall with the raine as wormes c. are begotten of dead carkases in summer time Meteors made harde after the cloud hath beene melted are snow and Haile Snow is a cloude prepared for raine before it fall Snow what it is and how occasioned being congealed by cold is by the motion of the windes dispersed into fleakes and falleth onely in winter Hayle is rayne made hard in the fall the higher the Hayle what it is and how occasioned fall the rounder and lesser because in the fall it melteth It hayleth most in Autumne and in the Spring for then the sharpe ayre hath most power over the drops and in winter the extreame cold maketh it snow being yet in the cloudes In the lowest region of the Ayre are dew and frost Dew what it is and how occasioned Dew is a vapour thickned with some earthly matter which in falling is presently turned into water Dew falleth onely in summer for then the vapour is dissolved with the Sunne A fat kind of dew like melting hony especially at the shining of Syrius being gathered from leaves of trees is Manna called also wilde honey or meldewes This Manna hardened by the heate of ☉ into Manna what it is lumpes is called Tereniabin Frost is a dewish vapour made very hard by cold in Frost what it is and how winter before it be dissolved Meteors made of both kindes of smoake joyned together Of Meteors caused by both kinds of smoake and the reason of them Winde what it is and the diverse kinds of it are windes and such like Winde is a subtile smoke beaten downeward by the cold in the middle of the ayre and is moved sideling on the earth Auncients noted out 12. principall windes all which in regard of matter are hot and dry but differ for their situation of their qualities The winde being great carried with force darkens Storme Whirlewinde the Ayre and is called a storme If it doe roll about it is a Whirle-winde if it be but small it is called Ayre An Earthquake is a fume contained in the earth Earthquake when it findeth no vent it shaketh it is made acoording to the breadth or depth of the earth In breadth it causeth sometime such trembling that it shaketh downe whole Citties That in depth causeth a gaping or swelling A Gaping is when the Earth openeth as it were her mouth and doth swallow downe trees walles c. A Swelling is when the earth being lifted up like a mountaine either remaineth so or else falleth downe againe CHAP. V. Of mixed living Natures NAtures mixed perfectly are living and corporall essences indued with a Vegetative soule A Vegetative soule is a facultie giving life to bodyes What a vegetative soule is Therefore so long as any part of this shall exercise her power in any body so long is that alive and remaineth safe But her chiefe operation and so life it selfe The nature office of it consisteth either in preserving severall bodies or whole kinds Nourishment is the preserving of severall bodies What nourishment is and is the making of foode received like to the body nourished Vnder that name is every thing which is received to sustaine our bodyes of which sort is the ayre it selfe Some other faculties are required to perfection of nourishment as concoction and his companions Concoction What cócoction is with the necessity of it is a working or framing of nourishment and it is made either of temperate or increased heate of the parts to be nourished By temperate heate is made ripening which is a The necessity of temperate heate for nourishment cleared by comparison concoction of nourishment with moisture by how much therefore the moisture shall be better tempered with heate by so much is the ripening sooner and more perfect as in a summer too moyst the increase of the earth is later made ripe Concoction arising from greater store of heate is either elixation or assation Elixation is a concoction more perfectly working the thicke or watrish moysture with a strong moyst heate As flesh is sod in water whose moyst heate altereth consumeth the fomy moystnes of meate if this Elixation remaine unperfect it is called rawnesse and the nourishment is not refined for want of moyst heate For it was not of power to finish concoction Assation is concoction by meanes of dryer heate fully strengthening the moysture of nourishment If The benefit of good and the hurt of bad concoction this strength of bodyes be somewhat weake it is called thickning if concoction bee vicious it is turned unto putrifaction Moyst and hote things doe most easily corrupt if the bodyes be not open to the Ayre In stopped bodyes heate having no vent is increased Whence inflammation ariseth Whence commeth inflammation which putrifaction doth follow causing greater heate This of concoction The Companions of concoction are Faculties fitly The companions of concoction serving for the perfection of it Of these one goeth before the other followeth The former is Attraction and Retention Attraction is a facultie supplying matter of convenient 1. Attraction what it is nourishment as is seene in things drawing our of the flesh Arrow-heads or thornes deepely fastned So wheat draweth water out of on earthen pot it being set upon the heape Retention which retayneth 2. Retention what it is nourishment untill it be concocted doth nourish the body Nourishment is first put to and afterward united The companion following concoction is expulsion Expulsion is a driving backe of unprofitable matter 3. Expulsion what it is when concoction is once made it is within or without the body Within when the stronger thrust superfluities to the weaker untill they come to the weakest of all Encrease which is joyned to the nourishment is continued but to a certaine age then the
is made of Camels stale and because store of Camels be in Armenia it is called Armeniack Salt Peter is found in dry places under the ground Salt Peter and in hollow Rockes It is sometime called Nitre of a Region in Egypt Of this kinde is the salt called Borax Salt Gem is a white kinde of Even-salt shining like Salt Gem. Crystall It is also called Stonic marbly salt Sarmaticke or Dacian Salt of Indie is blackish Salt or ruddy It is in clods Salt of Indie cut out of mount Oremen Salt of Water is taken on the Sea coast or from some Salt of water lakes and springs and it is sod and congealed of the Sunne or by fire Allo me is a salt sweat of the earth it is either liquid Allome or hard Liquid Allome is called Roch or Rock-Allome Liquid Allome with it is paper washed c. Hard Allome or Allome Scissile is thicke and Hard Allome cleaveth It is as it were gray Bitume is a fat and tough moysture like pitch and Bitume is called Earthy pitch Liquid is like an oylely moysture flowing and is of Liquid Bitume divers colours after the varietie of the place of which Naphtha is a white fat of Bitumen which enflamed by water doth easily draw to it fire through store of oyle that is in it Naphtha Petreolum Naphtha Petreolum is found in rockes It is for his fatnesse of some called Oyle Ambar of Arabia is Bitume of an Ash colour Ambar of Arabia Hard Bitume Hard Bitume is tough like foam swimming on the water but being taken forth it waxeth hard of this kinde is Asphaltus which is blacke Bitume hard like stone pitch The best is gotten in the dead Sea of Iudea c. Pissaphaltus Pissaphaltus Asphaltus smelling of Pitch mingled with Bitume It is called Mummie Where this wants they sell us counterfeit of Syria for poore men that die there be stuffed with Bitume but the rich are dressed with Mirrh Alloes c. It also is found in clods rolling from mount Ceravine into the Sea Succinum Succinum is Bitume like a stone exceeding hard named Ex succo the Iuyce of the earth It is white or yellow which is called Ambar or blacke as Iet His fatnesse is so great that it burneth like a Candle and smelleth like the Pine tree It draweth to it chaffe and such other light stuffe by a certaine hid nature Metallar Earths which are digged forth of mines Terra Lemnia Terra Lemnia an exceeding red Earth of Lemnos I le digged in a red hill It is sometime used for Armenian In old time this had Dianaes seale upon it printed by her Priests who were onely wont to wash this earth It is of force to expell poyson it healeth wounds The nature of it festred and old and poysoned Bole Armenian is earth of Armenia it is of a pale Bole Armenian red colour smooth and easie to breake as chalke It is The nature of it a dryer and profiteth against all fluxes Terra Samia is white stiffe and tough comming Terra Samia from the I le Samos Ampelite is a pitchie earth cleaving and blacke it Ampelite is named of annoynting Vines to kill the wormes This earth is like that we call Stone or Sea coale Chalke is white earth of Creete and there is found Chalke of it in many other places There is also some found that is blacke which is Black Chalke called Pignitis CHAP. VII Of Natures perfectly living SO farre of Minerals Now follow Natures perfectly living What natures perfectly living are Natures perfectly-living are Plantes or bodies endowed with a soule In all these bodies are sundry vertues according to the temperature of the principall qualities For the forme useth their qualities as Instruments Whence come diverse distinct degrees of those qualities as some are hot cold dry moyst in the first second third and fourth degree The qualities in the first are obscure and scarce to be perceived in the second they are apparant and manifest in the third they be vehement and in the fourth immoderate and not to be indured And againe each of these hath a beginning middle and end Plants grow from a stalke or a trunke Those from a Plants stalke have but one stalke or many Trees are Plants having but one stalke full of Boughs and rising on high from the earth Some grow onely in hot Countries others grow indifferently in all places those that prosper best in hot Regions are Frankincense Mace Pepper Palme Balsame Pomegranet Lemmon Ceder The Frankincense tree groweth chiefly in Arabia Frankincense tree it is tall and hath leaves like the Mastike tree his gum The nature of it is soft white fat and round and is apt to perfume and the stiffer and liker Rosen it is so much the better This perfume was used for sacrifice Myrrhe is a tree in India of hard wood wrythen Myrrhe towardes the earth with a smooth barke the leaves The nature of it sharpe poynted towardes the end his gum is fat like Rosen thicke and shining red The distilled liquor of fresh Myrrh was once called Stact but now it is named Storax It is hot and dry in the second degree It dryeth closeth wounds it expelleth the wormes it is of force against an old cough and short winde It is bitter It is good to heale wounds of the head Mace is an Indian tree grown in the I le of Banda It Mace is almost like the Peach tree it hath narrow and short leaves whose fruit is the Nut-meg covered with Mace The Nut-meg hath an huske like a Filberd the Nutmeg fruit is covered with a rinde like our Wal-nut which with ripenesse openeth and sheweth the Mace which doth cover the Nut-meg c. The new and best Nut-meg is full of juyce or oyle smelling sweete It dryeth and heateth in the ende of the second degree with a kindely binding Pepper Pepper groweth in India Of it be two sorts of trees and two sorts of fruits one long the other round The round groweth on branches like vines which imbraceth trees that stand by it and his fruit is in clusters first greene then being dryed it turneth blacke and rough it is gathered in October Long Pepper groweth like the long bud on Nut-trees The nature of it It is hot and dry Palme tree groweth most in Egypt and Arabia alwayes Palme tree greene with a long round bodie his barke is like scales of a Fish and the more it is pressed the better it groweth therefore was it used as a reward for the Conquerour The wild Palme in India is called Thamarind Wilde Palme tree The nature of it the Date is his fruit it being ripe is blacke and sweete Of these bee three kindes Our Dates come from Egypt they are hot temperately Balsame is a low tree his trunke is not much unlike
Minerals and Mettals BRimstone what it is the nature of it 22 Quicksilver what it is the nature of it 23 Gold what it is the nature of it ibid Where it is found ibid Silver what it is the difference betwixt gold and it 24 Brasse what it is ibid Copperasse what it is the nature of it ibid Iron the nature of it 24 Lead the nature of it 25 Tynne what it is ibid Stones whereof they are and their variety ibid Pretious stones ibid Crystall the nature of it ibid Adamant the nature of it 26 Saphyr the nature of it ibid Smaragde the nature of it ibid Sardonyx the nature of it ibid Selenites the nature of it ibid Carbuncle the nature of it ibid Calcedonian the nature of it ibid Assarites the nature of it 27 Rubie the nature of it ibid Topaz the nature of it ibid Hiacinth the nature of it ibid Corrall the nature of it ibid Asbestos the nature of it ibid Loadestone the nature of it ibid Galactites the nature of it 28 Achates the nature of it ibid Turcoys the nature of it ibid Corneolus the nature of it ibid Chrysoprasus the nature of it ibid Hematite the nature of it ibid Chelidonius the nature of it ibid Alectorius the nature of it 29 Toadestone the nature of it ibid Crabs eye the nature of it ibid Pearch stone ibid Curpe stone the nature of it ibid Porphirite Allabastar 29 Ophite ibid Common stones ibid Salt what it is and the nature of it 30 Salt Amoniack the nature of it ibid Salt Peter ibid Salt Gemme ibid Salt of Indie ibid Salt of water ibid Alome ibid Liquid Alome ibid Hard Alome ibid Bitume 31 Liquid Bitume ibid Naphtha Petreolum ibid Ambar of Arabia ibid Hard Bitume ibid Pissaphaltus ibid Succinum ibid Terra Lemnia ibid Bole Armenian 32 Terra Samia ibid Ampelite ibid Chalke ibid Blacke Chalke with the nature of them all ibid CHAP. VII Of natures perfectly living WHat natures perfectly living are 32 Of Plants 33 Frankincense tree the nature of it ibid Myrrhe tree the nature of it ibid Mace the nature of it 33 Nutmeg the nature of it ibid Pepper the nature of it ibid Wilde Palme tree the nature of it 34 Balsame tree the nature of it ibid Balme the nature of it ibid Pomegranet the nature of it 35 Pome Citron the nature of it ibid Orange ibid Cedar the nature of it ibid Figtree ibid Quince tree the nature of it ibid Lawrell tree the nature of it 36 Iuniper tres the nature of it ibid Chesnut tree the nature of it ibid Beech tree the nature of it 37 Oke tree the nature of it ibid Ilex tree the nature of it 38 Corke tree the nature of it ibid Pine Appletree the nature of it ibid Pitch tree ibid Firre tree ibid Larix tree the nature of it 39 Elme tree the nature of it ibid Alder tree the nature of it ibid Teile tree the nature of it ibid Boxe tree the nature of it ibid Birch tree the nature of it 40 Willow tree the nature of it ibid Poplar tree the nature of it ibid Shrubs 41 Cinnamon the nature of it ibid Cassia Fistula the nature of it ibid. Hasell the nature of it ibid Elderne the nature of it ibid Barberies the nature of it 42 Small Raysin the nature of it ibid Rose tree the nature of it 43 Bramble the nature of it ibid Gooseberries the nature of it ibid Colutea the nature of it ibid Hearbes 44 Wheate the nature of it ibid Barley the nature of it ibid Spelte Rye Oates Millet their nature ibid Rize Lintils Pease Beanes their nature 45 Pot hearbes ibid Coleworts Spinage Lettise their nature ibid Beets Purslaine Mallows Onions their nature ib. Leekes Parsley Violets Daysie their nature 47 Ielley flower Marioram their nature ibid Rosemary Spicknard Lavender their nature 48 Daffodill Rose Campion Saffron their nature ibid Ginger Wormeseede Gallingall their nature ibid Calamus Aromaticus Acorus their nature 49 CHAP. VIII Of humane Creatures c. WHat man is and the manner of his generation 49 What a feeling soule is ibid Senses outward as Touching Hearing 50 Tasting Smelling 51 Sences inward as Conceiving Preserving ibid Sleepe how caused 52 Waking how caused ibid Dreames what they are and their variety ibid The nightmare how occasioned 53 A Trance what it is ibid Appetite what it is ibid Motion what it is 54 Of the bodies of living creatures ibid What the matter of the body is ibid Conception what it is ibid Naturall ibid Extraordinary 55 Of the parts of the body ibid Humours as Blood Phlegme Glew ibid Spirits ibid Vitall Animall what they are 57 Gristles Sweate what they are ibid Braine what it is 58 Excrements of the braine eares and nose ibid The breathing parts 59 Heart Spittle midriffe stomack what they are 60 Throat Vomiting Liver what they are 61 Vrine 62 How to discerne a sound body by it ibid Complexions ibid Dyet 63 Guts their severall kinds ibid How placed in the body ibid The distinction of living creatures and their severall kinds 64 FINIS Naturall Philosophy CHAP. I. What Philosophie is PHilosophie is a knowledge of Naturall What Philosophy is things Things her subject either are He who alone is from by and for whom all things are or else such they be as are numbred by time and measured by place and subject unto motion God is a Spirit infinitely good and great What God is God is but one divine Essence consisting of three distinct Persons the Father the Son and the holy Ghost The actions of God are either the Creating or Governing The actions of God two fold of the world The World consisteth either of things invisible as of Spirits or Visible as the heavens the elements and the bodyes composed of elements The heaven of the blessed vide Gen. 1 1. is counted the third heaven the Orbes are the second the Ayre is counted the first The third Heaven visible is of all substances What Angels are most perfect The invisible Spirits viz. Angels were created heere Angell signifieth a messenger by How they appeare nature hee is a spirit Angells appeare sometime in dreames and visions sometime in bodies apparant and sometimes in true and reall bodies their number is great their office is to celebrate Gods glory to watch What their office is over the world to preserve us to declare and do Gods will to put good motions into our mindes to resist ill spirits The Devils were Angels cast from heaven for sin into the lower parts of the World and heere they continue seeking to deface the Image of God in man and all creatures CHAP. II. Of motions qualities colours tasting smelling c. THings visible contained in the world are Substances or Accidents Accidents are either generall to all things as motion time and place for these belong to all or proper to some things as Qualities There be two kinde of
Movers 1 God 2 Things Two kinde of movers in the world How created things move created by him Things created move from God and are of finite power in moving in a prefixed matter and in time They be of two kindes without or within the thing moved the one called violent the other naturall Motion is an unperfect act moving to that it was not What motion is Five things in motion from that it was Five things are in naturall motion the mover the thing moved the terme from which the terme to which it is moved and time There bee sixe kindes of motion generation corruption Six kinds of motion increase decrease alteration of quality and change of place Qualities are either manifest or secret Manifest What qualities are are either principall or such as proceede from them the chiefe of the principall are heate and colde Heate gathereth together things of one kinde and What the quality of heate is separateth things of contrary nature as Gold from Silver or drosse Colde joyneth together things as the frost in winter The weaker qualities are moysture and drinesse Moysture is hardly contained in his owne bounds Drinesse keepeth his owne bounds Qualities common from the first are either seconds or wrought from them Second qualities from one or more are deriued From Heate commeth Rarity and Leuity For Lightnesse thinnesse commeth of heate Heate openeth and enlargeth the poores Raritas or Thinnes is that which hath hollow parts or spongie as a sponge clouds c. Lightnes proceedeth from heate drawing easily Heavinesse thicknesse of colde upward Thicknes and heavines are of colde For cold gathereth together and stoppeth bodyes by which bodyes become heavie Thicknes hath his parts shut up together as stones Heavines moveth downewards thus is Mercurie heavier than gold and gold than Lead Tactile or qualities that may bee touched comming What proceedeth from moysture from moisture are softnes and tenuitie from the Ayre smoothnes and slipperines from the water From drynesse proceede hardnes and roughnes casines What from drinesse in breaking and drought From the first qualities diversly disposed arise others called sensible qualities Their Originall is obscure or more manifested Qualities of obscure originall are such as doe not alwayes plainely clearely declare the ground whence they arise Of this nature are colours which is the The use of Colours splendor of the body illustrated by light with which all bodies are dyed according to their moystnes decocted more or lesse apt to receive greater or smaller light Colour is either simple or mixed A Simple colour consists of none other as black What a simple colour it and white White consisteth of much light in a thin body of White what it is an ayery moisture well concocted Blacke is in a thicke body contayning but small Blacke what it is light of moysture either adust or raw watrish mixed with the earth as appeareth in the inner parts of the earth Mixt colours are from those two mingled either in Of mixt cullors and whence they proceede And how compounded a meane or unequall-portion of equall mixture is red Other are made of this meane and one of the extreames Yeallow is of much white and a little red viz. two parts of white and one of red Saffron cullour or Orange-tawny is of greater rednesse and of lesser whitenesse Purple is of much red and lesse blacke Greene is of much black and lesse red This being a cleare moysture is most pleasant to the eye Qualities of a more manifest originall are perceived Tasting whence it proceeds diverse kinds of it in smels and tastes Taste is made from the straining of drynesse through moisture is either hot or cold in a high or meanest degree Very hot tastes are biting bitter or salt Tastes meanely hot or sweet Cold tasts are either thicker or thinner thicke as soure and sharpe or thin as tartnes where also we place freshnesse Smelling whence it proceeds Smell is a qualitie comming from a dry earthly heate made thin by mixture of vapors If it be well When good when bad mingled it is good if not it is stincking These qualities come from the first there are others Qualities arising by meanes what they be that come by Meanes from the first such are generating flesh by drinesse and binding in healing and joyning Hid qualities how knowne together but more moderate Hid qualities are onely knowen by long experience comming from the forme and essence of a thing which in most things maketh it hard to discerne Hid qualities are either They are either native or passionate Native governed by the heavens How and when of most efficacie inbred or passionate Native or inbred come from formes taking their originall from heaven and therefore are governed most according to the position of the heavens and stars being of most efficacy in their subject matter rightly prepared and at certaine times As the Load-stone in drawing Iron The Pionie for falling sicknesse Polypody in the diseases of the liver c. Passionate qualities are effected by an agreeing or Passionate how effected disagreeing concord Concord is the naturall agreement of things whereby What Concord is a feirce Bull tied to a fig-tree is made gentle An Olife taken up and replanted by a virgin bringeth forth aboundance of fruite Ocymum a Pulse being at the sowing banned groweth the better The bleeding of a dead body at the presence of the killer Discord in naturall things What discord whereby the horse-fly is killed with the smell of roses so goats are poysonous unto plants CHAP. III. Of the Celestiall bodies as the Heavens the Firmament the Starres with their places order and government NAturall things are simple or compact Simple are stable or unconstant stable are the heaven and starres Heaven is as it were a vaulted body made What heaven is of water thinne like a skinne and moveable The Firmament is the orbe of the moveable heaven What the firmament is containing the world which consisteth of Ethereall and elementall parts The Ethereall part compasseth the Elementall and What the Ethereall part of it is is not variable it containeth 10. spheres and is in continuall motion being moved from the East to the West in 24. houres and maketh the naturall day A star What a Starre is The diverse kinds of them is a firme essence in heaven giving light One star is brighter than another and they are of divers motion either simple as from west to the east or divers as their variable motion north and south and they have Their operation over bodies how it is their operation over inferiour bodies which they worke by themselves or by aspect with others which is either conjunct or opposite conjunct is either in the same or severall places ☌ ☠□ △ caracters bee of conjunction ☌ Sextile ⚹ Trine △ quadrat □ opposition ☠aspects Their
in the bodies and over whom course in thirty yeares hee is a Plannet masculine of cold and dry nature therefore melancholicke bad not fortunate whose proper house is in ♑ ♎ governing malancholike persons and diseases of that humor and those of a tough and congealed phlegme as Lepry and Morphew But if hee governe in his proper house in due aspect and degree most profitable experiments may bee made against these infirmities His rule appeareth in conception of men as in the first moneth and in the eight moneth much more Wherefore the child borne in this moneth through the bad aspect and coldnes of Saturne can scarce live long hee ruleth also the lives of men especially in their end when old men bee cold and full of fleame as say Astrologers A description of Iupiter His properties ♃ Iupiter is a bright Plannet which runneth his course in 12. yeares his light is so great that it causeth a shadow being neere the earth of which he is called Phaeton He is hot and moyst of nature good masculine How he ruleth in the body and over whom and his house is in ♠and ♓ he ruleth over the sanguine yong men and merry sports and over discases springing of bloud not adust and rightly disposed In his house remedies are best applied for cure of such infirmities Vnder his power is the child in the second but more in the ninth moneth and the childe that is borne is long of life A description of Mars ♂ Mars is the 3 wandring star in colour red or fiery shining his course is 2. yeares is a masculine exceeding hot schorching and dry nature after a sort malignant His properties How he governs mans body and in whom and infortunate His house is ♈ and ♠hee sheweth his force most upon Cholerike persons and upon motions of youth stirring to sedition and warre if hee be well disposed in his house in fit aspect and degree there may bee remedies used for the Frensie agues and other hot sicknesses He governeth the 3. moneth of conception and from 40. to 50. of mans age Now of starrs that finish their course in like space A description of the sunne The office and use of it How and whom it governes of time ☉ ♀ ☿ in a yeare space ☉ The Sunne is the brightest of all wandring starres appointing seasons nourishing life being the fountaine of light of heate and all vitall powers hee is hot and meanely dry his house is ♌ he ruleth hot and dry affections and therefore in his rule is fit remedy for such In mans conception hee ruleth the 4. moneth and governeth from 22. till 41. yeares of age ☉ by being nearest or farthest from the earth maketh Solsticium which is our Summer and Winter summer is ☉ being He maketh winter and summer in ♋ at the highest winter solstice is ☉ being ♑ farthest from us The motion of ☉ causeth like length of day Length and shortnesse of dayes and night ☉ in ♈ and ♎ the Sun in these pointes of heaven is equally moved in the 6. signes of our hemisphere and also in the six opposit although the points and times of both Equinoctialls vary and change ♀ Venus is a very white star she goeth neare ☉ sometime A description of Venus before him sometimes after him in the morning going before him she is called Lucifer in the evening following she is called Vesperugo and Hesperus ♀ is could and Ayery and moyst her house is in ☠and Her properties how and in whom she ruleth ♎ She loveth youth women and wives ruleth cold and moyst diseases happening most about the genitalls Therefore ♀ in her house in due aspect is best remedy of such she useth her power in the 5. moneth and disposeth life from 14 to 20. yeares and two according to Astrologers ☿ Mercury is the least wandring star somwhat white A description of Mercury His nature how and in whom he ruleth his nature is changeable and full of turnings hee is hote with the hote cold with the cold of the nature of him with whom he is joyned his house is ♊ and ♠is of force in merchandize of which hee hath his name and mathematickes are under his rule he begins and followes studies reports rumors newes He guideth the 6 moneth and from 4. to 14. yeares if hee joyne with the higher Plannets he denounceth wet and flouds which also hee doth meeting Venus in a wet house in his proper house windes c. ☽ The Moone is the lowest wandring starre finishing A description of the Moone her course in 27. dayes 7. houres although this starre have light of he owne yet doth she borrow her shining from the Sunne But because her essence or body is not alike but thicker in one place than another therfore she is not in all places enlightened alike from the Sunne That part which is turned from the Sunne is all of it shadowed and darkish but that which looketh upon the ☉ is full of light and onely so much light as standeth towards us seemeth to gaine or lose light as it is farther off or nearer the sun where as indeed ever the one halfe is enlightened from the sunne The face seemeth to bee enlightened as joyned with ☉ or departing from him The ☽ joyned with the ☉ in the 4. first dayes is covered with greater light of the ☉ beames and is called the new Moone but departing from ☉ she appeareth still more enlightened and it is either in part or whole In part before and after the 8 day called the encrease How the Moone increaseth and decreaseth and the waine of the Moone In part lesse or more the lesse is when she is horned or halfe moone about the 4. day being distant from ☉ 2. signes and after 8. in the 26. day the halfe ☽ is seene about the 7. day and after 22. day when she is distant 3. signes or degrees from ☉ The greater apparition of the Moone in part is she being neare her roundnes which is about the 11 day and after the 19. day distant from ☉ 4 signes The full apparition of ☽ is when in a right line she is When and how the Moone is in the full opposed to ☉ at 14 dayes or full Moone Although she finish her couse in the foresaid time in the circle of the Zodiacke yet is allowed to every Moone 29 and a halfe day because she is to passe forward 2 dayes and 4 howres before shee can overtake the ☉ which maketh 29 dayes 12 houres And in 9 yeares she endeth In what time she endeth her revolution all her diversity of conjunctions and aspectes and anew begineth her former revolution c. A Commet is a wandering star of divers motions What a Commet is shining in the region of the Plannets this appeareth seldome sometime above and sometimes below the Plannets It foretelleth greevous accidents Others say that a Commet
is a fat substance drawne by the heate of the Sun from the earth and the heate of the highest region of the Ayre is set on fire appearing like a starre and is sometime moved in the ayre It foreshewth war Pestilence drought and barrennes of the earth The light of some Plannets sometime fayle especially The light of some Plannets especially the sunne and moone faileth sometime and the reason of them of ☉ and ☽ The defects happen in the Zodiacke if these 2. starres bee in the knotts of their circles or neare to them which knotts are cuttings made by the course of the ☉ and ☽ and is called the dragon The higher is called Dragons head the lower the Dragons tayle The Ascendant or higher is where ☽ departing from the middle Zodiacke doth come nearest unto us The descendant when the ☽ is removing from us Of the Eclipse of the Sunne and Moone and the reason of them The Eclipse of those starrs is in whole or part In whole all being obscured as in the midst of them In part it happeneth neare one of the knotts The Eclipse of ☉ is by comming of ☽ betweene our eyes and the ☉ in the conjunction of both Plannets A great Eclipse of ☉ is when the centure of these starres proceed in a direct line to our eye The Eclipse of ☽ is the depriving her of the light of ☉ in the opposition the earth shadowing her comming in a straight line betweene them her Eclipse is sooner seene in the East than in the West CHAP. IIII. Of the foure Elements ELements are simple essences lesse durable than the What Elements are heavens and are the wombs of mixed things c. Of the Elements 2. are cleare ayre and water Ayre Some cleare as Ayre and water three regions of the Ayre which is cold and moyst and of these there are described 3. regions the first is hot and dry this is termed the fiery which causeth it to be called an Element Ayre the flame being but inflamed ayre the midle region colder and darker the third region in which we live is hot and cold by the more or lesse reflection of the Sunne beames Ayre is so needefull to creatures that none live The necessity of the Ayre without it the thinner the better and more healthfull Water is an element lesse thin and cleare moyst and What water is The natures and uses of it most cold Water warmed in channells in the earth causeth hot springs this is heated by running by some hot mineralls and helpeth moyst and cold bodies Water is greater or lesse The greatest is the Sea Why the water in the sea is salt The reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea which is salt because that the starres drawe sorth the thin substance leaving the earth behinde The Ocean ebbeth and floweth after the ☽ motion and from the new moone to the full humours increase and after decrease and the tides are knowne by the Moone Particular Seas take their name of some country or of some accident as the red Sea c. Waters are in flouds or fountaines fountaines are Of Flouds Fountaines best which come out of Mountaines or Rocks c. Water is of divers colours and tastes Milky Diverse coours tastes of waters What the earth is Greene Red Salt sharpe bitter and like wine The Earth is a thicke element cold and dry and is unmoveable about which all things move it is round and all things tend as neare the center as they can It is in compasse with the water 21600. miles and The compasse of it is but as a point to the whole world Concreat and mixt bodyes or natures are essences Of concreat mixt bodies mixt of parts severally disposed For from sundry things of divers formes one forme may bee formed and things of one mixture according to the divers affection of their elements are diversly affected As some are Ayery some Fiery and some Earthly But the proportion maketh temperature which is a proportion of qualities cleaving together in mixture it is equall or uneven and is either simple or compound simple is in act or power compound as heate with drinesse c. Mixed natures are either livelesse or living Liveless Of mixed livelesse natures as meteors what they be with their severall kinds and the reason of them as Meteors which are a hot smoake lifted up by the attractive force of starres some 15. German miles into the ayre and no higher this smoke is a vapour or exhalation A vapour is a moyst smoke drawne from water and is easily resolved into water Exhalation is a dry smoke drawne from the earth easie to fire from exhalation arise fiery impressions which burne like fire as pillers dartes candles goates shooting starres fiery Dragons darke streames fooles fire and such like firery Meteors Mixed fiery meteors whose exhalation is somewhat Of Mixed fiery meteors as thunder what it is and the reason of it unpure thicker and long her mixture is thunder which is a fiery exhalation breaking forth of the cloudes with a sound Lightening small and great is a flaming light of a burning exhalation shining before thunder Though we heare not the thunder it is at the present breaking out of the flash the eye being quicker than the care The great lightening is thicker and burneth more if it be hardened with the heate of the Sunne and it selfe it maketh a stone which is cast out at the cracke this doth much harme Lightening is thicke or thin this boreth through Of lightning what it is and the reason of it without leaving any signe of it The thicker scorcheth and burneth it hath much earthy matter setting on fier steeples and such like and in great flashes is but some small deale of this earthy matter else all things would be fired Watery meteors are vapors more fully compact together Of watery meteors as clouds what they be with the reason of them and appeare in the lowest part or midst of the Ayre as cloudes and such like A cloude is a vapour joyned together by the extreame cold of the middle region Cloudes hang in the Ayre by the Sunnes heat which draweth them up and by the moving of the windes are tossed up and downe In these Cloudes by ☉ and ☽ are framed divers Diverse shapes in the cloudes with the reason of them as a false Sunne how occasioned shapes having no proper matter but onely appeare in the cloudes either about ☉ and ☽ or opposite to them as A halfe Sunne which is imprinted in the Cloud by the reflection of his beames in a cloud being waterish so that sometime the shape of 2. or 3. Sunnes are seene so of the Moone Bright circles of the cloudes being black are from the reflecting beames seeming to compasse the ☉ or ☽ yet they are far lower These circles appeare more often about the moone shee being not able with her beames
the barke and wood of this tree floweth a gumme like Rozen The Firre tree is a kinde of Pitch tree but somewhat Firre tree whiter his leaves on one side are of an Ash colour from this floweth also a Rozen which sod with honey profitteth against the destillations of the head and throat against the Quinsey and other maladies it asswageth the inflammation of woundes and joyneth them it sodden with Barley bran and wine cureth hard kernells The Larix is a high tree with a thicke barke clifted Larix tree on each side his boughes grow by degrees about the trunke his leaves are thicke long soft and hairie his fruit is almost like the Cypres and hath a pleasant The nature of it smell The wood of this for that it is dry and full of Rozen burneth vehemently and soone melteth mettall His Rozen is in smell taste and working better than common Turpentine In colour it is like honey tough but not hard In the body of the tree groweth Fungus Agaricus a swamp or mush rome The best is white thin full of pores light and easie to breake it purgeth fleame Now follow trees that bring forth no fruit of note called Barren-trees The Elme is tall with rough leaves and sharpe his Elme tree wood is yellow hard deformed the barke boughes The nature of it and leaves have a healing facultie in scabbes It also closeth woundes The Alder hath a long straight trunke his wood is Alder tree soft his leafe like Peare-tree but greater thicker and rounder it groweth in moyst places and by rivers His wood is hot and dry and indureth long under the The nature of it earth or in water His thin and fat leaves layd upon tumors with hot water cure them and helpe all swellings The Teile is a large and broad tree with a thicke Teile tree stalke his leaves like Ivie but softer and sharper It The nature of it bindeth his other qualities are like the wilde Olive The Boxe hath little round leaves alwayes greene Boxe tree his stalke is rough for most part full of knotts and blacke the wood is hard and heavie it sinketh in water and never decayeth with age Of this boxes are named because most of them were wont to be made of Boxe It is dry and binding the powder of his The nature of it leaves with Lavender and water profitteth against madnesse Lye of Boxe maketh yellow hayres The Birch is a tender tree his barke is blacke at Birch tree first but after white his wood is soft and weake above other It hath a sweete sap In the rude age his barke was used for paper His sap taken in the Spring helpeth The nature of it the stone Iaundies and rottennesse of the mouth also being put in milke preserveth the Cheese made of that milke from Maggots Willow groweth apace it endureth long for Willow tree The nature of it though it bee hollow and rotten yet it liveth It is of two sorts solid or brittle the solid is blacke or yellow the blacke is the greater and better and is most apt for binding The yellow groweth chiefly neare water it is sometime white The brittle Willow is most white and unapt for binding Willowes are dry and thicke his leaves and barke sod in Wine helpeth gripings of the belly The Poplar delighteth in moyst and watrish places Poplar tree It is white or blacke the white hath a long straight trunke and a smooth barke his leafe round and after sharper greene beneath hoarie above and do continually shake it is moderately hot and dry The roote taken in drinke defendeth from gripings in the belly Blacke Poplar is like the white but greater softer and hath narrower leaves and greene below and of an The nature of it Ash colour above It is hot and dry the boughes held in the hand some say forbid wearinesse of hand and foote his gumme stamped helpeth loosenesse Now follow shrubs which spring up with many Shrubs stalkes and are noble or lesse noble The noble as first Cinnamon which is a barke of a shrub of that Cinnamon name growing in India of a blacke colour with thin boughes which if they be broken cast forth a sweete sent His barke is of two sorts thicke and thinne The thinne is of the sharpest and best taste The thicke is more slowly digested it comforteth the heart the best The nature of it is red and sharpe with some sweetnesse It is of subtile parts hot in the third and dry in the second degree It helpeth a colde stomacke it strengtheneth the sight heart and liver and begetteth pure blood Cassia Fistula is a round great and purple Cane Cassia Fistula having a very blacke pith the heaviest and reddest Canes are best Of the blacke pith is made a good and The nature of it gentle purgation called Cassia extract This helpeth much against feavers and many other diseases if one ounce of it be taken with as much Rose water Shrubs lesse noble The Hasell is an high shrub with a slender stalke Hasell and full of white spots His leaves are broader and have more gashes than the Alder. The tree beareth the The nature of it Filberd and the Nut these Nuts are hot and moyst and make fat but hurt the stomacke and procureth a laske If stamped in water and sugar they bee applied they helpe an old cough The ashes burnt with Swines or Boares grease and applyed to the head causeth the hayre to grow The Elderne hath boughes of an Ash colour and Elderne in it is store of pith and his leaves are much like to those of the Wal-nut tree it beareth purple berries having red iuyce Dwarfe Elderne is low short with a foure-square stalke these plants are hot and dry and have power to The nature of it purge and digest Also it healeth and closeth the roote or leaves of Elder sod in wine purge the dropsie and nothing is more effectuall to that purpose than the roote of Dwarfe Elderne Water in which the leaves of Elderne are sod helpes to rid the dry cough The Pitch or an electuary of the berries expelleth sweate and all poyson Barberries are not much unlike the wilde Peare although Barberries they bee farre lesse and in the boughes some two or three prickes grow together His leafe is like The nature of it Quince leaves but narrower Barberries bee hot and dry in the second degree The iuyce of the berryes profitteth against inflammation of the Liver as also against inward impostumes if it be applyed with nightshade it quencheth thirst The barke of his roote or fruit stamped plucketh out a thing fast in the flesh his syrrope tempered with sugar comforteth the hart restoreth appetite profiteth against burning Feavers and all inward diseases of much blood The small Raisin hath purple boughes and pampin Small Raysin leaves but lesse and of blackish greene it
hath The nature of it round red berries upon long stalkes his fruit and leaves are colde and dry in the second degree having power to close The iuyce of the fruit taken helpeth against trembling of the heart inflammations of the bodie but chiefly it helpeth the plague his iuyce with Endive water profitteth to remove specks of the face The Rose groweth up with small twigs of a blacke Rose greene full of crooked prickes his leaves are dented The nature of it on the edge his fruit namely Roses bee of diverse colours All Roses bee colde and dry and helpe both inward and outward affections of the body The juyce sod in Wine helpeth griefes of the head eyes and gums Honey and Rose water strengthen all parts and purge melancholy and fleame sodden with Fennell and Salt his oyle healeth burnings and layed on the forehead taketh away heavinesse and hot sicknesses The funge of wilde Rose trees in powder with wine expelleth the stone Water of Roses helpeth sore eyes comforteth and cooleth the braine it being drunke relieveth the heart and stomacke it keepeth the spirits and naturall heate The Bramble is full of prickes and crawleth about Bramble the leaves of sweete bryer on the one side are white on the other blacke his fruite is the blacke berry full of juyce the berry is dry colde and close His fruit The nature of it leaves or sprouts quench inward heate The top of his leaves sod in Wine stay the bloudie flixe helpe ulcers of the mouth and fasten loose teeth Poterion uva orispa Gooseberries is full of boughs Gooseberries hath ash coloured barke or white full of sharpe thornes his leaves are lesse than ground Ivie and crooked his berries from greene turne to reddish it is cold The nature of it in the first dry in the second degree his greene leaves cure inflammations and apostumes and asswage Ignis sacer Colutea in leafe not unlike to Fengreke hath a Colutea round fruit as big as a Lentle in a puffed shell It is hot The nature of it in the beginning of the second degree and dry in the first it purgeth the panch scoureth away chiefly melancholy The nature of it without trouble from the head braine and the Instruments of the senses Thus farre of Plants growing from a trunke or stalke c. Now follow Herbes which have but a thin small Herbes stalke consisting most upon leaves These doe nourish more or lesse as Corne and Pot-herbes which nourish more Wheate is a kinde of Corne having an eare upon Wheate the blade stuffed with many graynes it is moderately The nature of it hot and dry and of much nourishment and helpefull for many diseases aswell within as without the body the best is hard to breake heavie and of gold colour smooth and groweth in fat ground Leaven of Wheate doth draw ripen and open ulcers and apostumes Bisket profitteth against rheume Barly is cold and dry in the second degree and Barley purgeth His floure and new milke in plaster cure The nature of it Biles and such tumors by easing their paine and drawing forth heate Bread made of it begetteth cold and slimie humours and nourisheth lesse than wheat Barley water maketh the skin faire and smooth Spelte or Zea is of a middle temperature betweene Spelte Wheate and Barly it is a kinde of Wheate and commonly goeth under that name Rye is not so hot as Wheate and hurteth much except Rye it be well disgested Oates are colder than Wheate and of operation almost Oates like Barley Now follow of Pulse Millet Millet is a most fertile Pulse with sharpe leaves broad below and sharpe towardes the toppe his cod hath The nature of it in it a round long fruit It is cold in the first and dry in the third degree It stoppeth the belly and nourisheth but little Rize is smaller than Millet and farre lesse it groweth Rize in moyst and watry places it bindeth Lentells grow like small pease and have a vertue to Lentels binde Pease are either of the field or garden bearing a Pease white ot a purple flower Beanes are meanely colde and moyst inflaming Beanes windie hard to disgest Pot herbes Now follow Pot-herbes Coleworts haue very broad leaves which enclosing Colewortes Their natures one another round about become Cabbedges These be colde and moyst and in Egypt be very bitter The Romanes for the space of six hundred yeares used this onely herbe to cure all diseases His broath expelleth the stone and gravell his leaves applyed by themselves or with the flowers cure inflamations his juyce healeth festred sores it cureth the falling of the haire Broath made of his leaves with an olde Cocke cureth the Collicke and other gripings Spinagh hath an high stalke and beareth sharpe Spinagh seedes his leaves being sharpe and triangular it is The nature of it colde and moyst in the first degree His juyce expelleth hurtfull rheume It mollifieth the belly and cureth hardnesse of the backe and belly His Iuyce taketh away the paine and heate of the stomacke and liver it helpeth the byting of Spiders Lettise hath his leaves gathered into a curled roundnesse Lettise that which groweth in the field hath a shorter stalke and leafe than Garden Lettise being bitter and full of milke It is moderately moyst and colde like Spring water The nature of it it is wholsome in Summer to restore appetite to meate Yet too much of it hurteth the eyes and boyld with womans milke cureth burnings Beetes have two colours the one white the other Beetes blacke and red both of them for their salt disgest and cleanse but the white is more salt and bindeth yet being boyled it looseneth It cureth obstructions of The nature of it the liver especially if it be taken with vineger and mustard It also cureth those that be sicke of the splene Purslaine hath round thicke fat and white leaves Purslaine on the backe a red stalke yellow flowers like a Starre They of the Garden have broad leaves and a thicke stalke the wilde lesser and more leaves It is colde in The nature of it the first and moyst in the second degree it is tart his juyce helpeth a hot stomacke and hot diseases it being somewhat binding helpeth fluxes and evacuations of bloud if it be used with Barly flower Garden Mallowes grow with a round leafe and high Mallowes stalke his flowers be red or white wilde Mallowes mollifie and a little disgest Garden are moyst and The nature of it weaker The decoction of Mallowes drunke cureth on old cough his leaves sod and used with common oyle heale burning The Onion hath a subtile stalke round and hollow Onion arising from a round roote wound about with many fouldings it is hot almost in the fourth degree it is The nature of it of thicke partes his juyce is
nerve stretched like a Net upon the flesh of the tong which is full of little pores His meanes is a temperate salt humour which if it doe exceed the just quantitie it doth not exactly perceive tastes but if it be altogether consumed no tastes are perceived Smelling judgeth qualities fit for smell his instrument Smelling is the entrance into the first ventricle covered with a small skin the dryer it is the quicker of smell as in Dogs and Vultures but man for the moystnosse of his braine hath but a dull smell Now follow the inward sences which beside things Sences inward presently offered doe know formes of many absent things By these the creature doth not onely perceive but also understandeth that which hee doth perceive These have their seate in the braine They are either conceiving or preserving Conceiving exerciseth his Conceiving facultie by discerning or more fully judging it is called Common sence and the other is Phantasie Common sence more fully distinguisheth sensible things his instrument is the former ventricle of the braine made by drynesse sit to receive Phantasie is an inward sence more diligently examining the forms of things This is the thought and judgement of creatures his place is the middle part of the braine being through drynesse apt to retaine The preserving sence is Memory which according Preserving to the constitution of the braine is better or worse It is weaker in a moyst braine than in the dry braine His instrument is the hinder part of the braine Memorie calling backe images preserved in former time is called Remembrance but this is not without the use of reason and therefore is onely attributed to man The wittie excell in remembrance the dull in memorie Sleepe is the resting of the feeling facultie his cause Sleepe how caused is a cooling of the brayne by a pleasant abounding vapour breathing forth of the stomacke and ascending to the braine When that vapour is concoct and turned Waking how caused into spirits the heate returneth and the sences recovering their former function cause waking There be certaine appointed courses for watch and sleepe lost creatures languish with overmuch motion Affections of sleepe are Dreames Night-mare and Dreames Extasie c. A dreame is an inward act of the minde the bodie What they be sleeping and the quieter that sleepe is the easier bee dreames but if sleepe bee unquiet then the minde is troubled Varietie of dreames is according to the divers constitution Their variety of the body The cleare and pleasant dreames are when the spirits of the braine which the soule useth to imagine with are most pure and thin as towardes morning when concoction is perfected But troublesome dreames are when the spirits bee thicke and unpure All naturall dreames are by images either before proffered to memorie or conceived by temperature alone or by some influence from the starres as some thinke From dreames many things may be collected touching the constitution of the body The Night-mare is a seeming of being choked or The night-mare strangled by one leaping upon him feare following this compression the voyce is taken away This affection How occasioned commeth when the vitall spirits in the braine are darkened by vapours ascending from melancholy and phlegme insomuch that that facultie being oppressed some heavie thing seemeth to bee layd upon us Therefore this disease is familiar to those who through age or sexe are much inclined unto these humours An Extasie or traunce is a vehement imagination A trance of the departure for a time of the soule from the bodie A deepe sleepe lasting some dayes enseweth for What it is the foule giving over it selfe to cogitation ceaseth to serve the body Wherefore men wanting motion and sence seeme to be dead And with what humours the braine shall be compassed such phansies doth it conceive although sometime spirits working on such phatasies imprint other things Now followeth Motion which accompanieth sence and is caused either by appetite or change of place for we desiring things perceived in sence cannot attaine unto them withour moving our body to that thing Appetite What it is Appetite is a facultie desiring such things as are objects to our sense It chiefly followeth touching or thinking Delight followeth touching Delight is a desire of an agreeing Object Griefe is his contrary which is a turning from the hurtfull object or from that we count unpleasant Appetites following cogitation are all the motions of the heart which be called affections and are either good or bad The good cherish and preserve the nature of our sensitive facultie as mirth love hope which come of heate when the heart dilating it selfe desireth to enjoy the thing with which it is delighted Motion is a facultie of living creatures stirring a bodie Motion what it is entised by appetite from one place to another It is either of the whole body or of partes Of the whole body as by going c. Of partes as breathing which is made either by enlarging of the parts which serve for the taking in of the ayre or by the closing of them for the expelling of corrupt ayre Now followeth to intreat Of the bodies of living Of the bodies of living creatures What the matter of the body is creatures The matter of the body in which the foresaid faculties be is the seede of both sexes Seede is most pure bloud perfectly concocted in the testicles and it is gathered from the whole bodie For the testicles lacking nourishment draw bloud from the hollow veyne and change it Conception is the action of the wombe by which Conception what it is the power is stirred up to execute his inbred gift Then that power being stirred up doth diversly distract the matter separating his divers partes and thus all parts alike get together their shape Likewise all of them together are adorned with the faculties of the vegetative or sensitive soule Amongst the naturall faculties of the partes of the body if there be putrifaction a fault of the concocting facultie there is made a certaine generation of matter This is naturall or extraordinary Naturall is by an inbred heate not altogether subdued Naturall but slackly exercising force through disposition of the mattter Such is to be seene in inflamations botches and impostumes For in these nature so farre as it can laboureth to bring this his subject matter to the best forme Therefore such suppuration is wont to argue a certaine strength of nature wherefore often with convenient helpes it is carefully encreased In this kinde especially is praysed white thicke smooth equall and least smelling matter Extraordinary mattering is when nature altogether Extraordinary subdued the humors or parts themselves are made full of corrupt matter through store of rottennesse But nature or the concocting facultie is overcome either through proper weaknesse or by corrupt matter this is observed in all rotten malignant and stinking botches in
which according to the diverse fashioning of abounding matter are found diverse sorts of solid bodyes as haires and such other like Of partes of the body which appertaine to the Of the parts of the body making up of the whole body some are containing and some contained The contained for their fluent nature are sustained by helpe of others Such are humours and spirits Humors are moyst partes begot of the first mixture of nourishment in the liver These are in the seede of creatures and are called the beginning of things endued with bloud Any of these if they fayle of their proper nature are not fit to be in the bodie but are become unnaturall Humours are of the first the second sort The first Humors are hot or colde and moyst and dry Bloud is hot and Blood moyst and it is a thin red humour and sweete With this the other partes be chiefly nourished amongst whom this is the chiefe The faults of this is in substance as putrifaction or mixture of vicious humors or in qualitie as too thicke or too thin or is affected with some other badnesse The humour that is hot and dry is choller this is a thinne yellow pale and bitter humour His use is to helpe the expelling facultie and chiefly in the Guts Gall besides nature through adustion is yellow like an egges yolke in the stomacke it is like rustic brasse The colde and moyst is phlegme which is a tough Phlegme slimie and whitish humour and tastlesse If this have a fuller concoction it is turned into bloud His use is to moysten the joynts When it declineth from his proper nature it is salt or tart according to his mixture The colde and dry humour is blacke choller This is a thicke blackish tart bitter humour It serveth to strengthen the stomacke that it may more easily retaine and receive meate When it declineth from his proper nature by immoderate burning it hath divers kindes Humors of the second sort are begotten of the first being wrought with concoction they are like dew or glew Dew is a humor contained in the hollownesse of the members and joyned to their substance like dew with which they are nourished Glew is a humour immoderately congealed and being Glew firmely fastned to the members beginneth to bee changed unto their substance of which change it is called Cambium and carniformis like the flesh Now follow the spirits which are a fluent part of Spirits the body most thin and begotten of the bloud of the heart The spirits are the chiefe instrument and as it were the Chariot of the soules faculties for with most speedie and swift motion it carrieth them over all the body Spirits having roote in the heart be either absolute Vitall What they are or rude and to be finished in other parts Vitall spirits be absolute in the heart and are of a firie nature and from the heart by arteries are spred in the bodie by whose communication all parts doe live Spirits to be perfected in other parts bee Animall Animall which from the heart be carried into the braine and What they are there made subtile by nerves flowing unto all the other parts and this is the Chariot of functions or faculties of all living Creatures Parts containing are more solid which are sustained by themselves all these either are as a stay or covering The stay to other parts is either bone or gristle Bone is the hardest and dryest part and stay to all the bodie Bones are knit together by ligaments which are like hard and thicke threeds being as bandes to the bones of the bodie Gristles are somewhat softer than the bones and Gristles sustaine all other partes The covering of the other What they are parts is the skin which is tender without bloud and covereth the whole body The membrane is a tender skin covering some parts There is yet in these parts a common excrement of Sweat concoction which is sweat and is a moystnesse of the What it is veynes expelled by secret pores of this is to be seene a diverse colour according to the die of the moystnesse or matter thereof the usuall is watrish through the white substance of the channels through which it runneth But if the pores be large and open that without delay and long change it may slide through them especially if for some affection of minde or disease it become thinner then is it speedily expelled and tainted with some other colour c. Therefore from the colour of sweate the bodyes constitution may be knowne Colde sweate is worse to bee liked than hot but either is bad if they be unequall Also the containing parts afore-named are animall or vitall and each of these are more or lesse principall Animall parts are in which the animall parts are most exercised as sence and motion together or alone The chiefe member of motion and sence is the braine contained in the head whose substance being hurt it is in danger to lose both sence and motion The Braine is softer than the other parts white Braine what it is and covered with a double skinne closely The skinne of the brayne is either called Pia or Dura mater The scalpe is a thicke bone covering the whole head and hath up on it a skin with hayres The scalpe is distinguished with certaine seames in certaine parts which are true or fayned c. The excrements of the braine are either thicke or Excrements of the braine thin The thin are teares bursting from the braine by the angles of the eyes The greater the flesh of those angles be so much more plentifull be teares chiefly if the complexion bee colde and moyst as of women Teares be caused by heate which openeth or colde which presseth the flesh and causeth teares The thicker excrements which are expelled from the brayne eyther are by the eares or nose In the eares is a moyst excrement of the brayne gathering Of the eares and rotting in their hollownesse That of the nose is a thicker excrement than that of Of the nose the braine which although it be like flegme yet it is altogether of another nature The pithe of the backe bone is neare to the nature of the braines excrement save that it is harder and something hotter The backe is bonie round and in his length hath twentie foure joynts The Nerves are lesse principall parts of sence and motion which if they be out of order the parts in which these be become unfit to move Nerves or sinewes are thin parts round c. white much like to thicke threeds Some are softer some harder The softer are of more use of which are six paire by two and two from the braine arriving to other parts First to the eyes Secondly To moove the eyes Thirdly to the tongue and taste Fourthly to the pallet and skin of the mouth Fiftly to the hearing The sixt to the mouth of the stomacke