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l._n 22._o r._n it_o do_v rise_v four_o inch_n p._n 292._o l._n 6._o r._n that_o stand_v on_o the_o ice_n p._n 302._o l._n 9_o r._n three_o for_o thou_o p._n 380._o l._n 10._o r._n cement_v by_o intercept_a and_o then_o freeze_a water_n instead_o of_o congeal_a by_o cold_a water_n p._n 488._o l._n 11._o r._n 52._o degr_n 52._o min._n in_o the_o appendix_n of_o dr._n merret_n pag._n 35._o lin_v 36._o read_v upon_o these_o mixture_n not_o in_o the_o content_n of_o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold._n title_n i._n experiment_n touch_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o pag._n 108._o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v p._n 133._o title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indisposed_a to_o be_v freeze_v p._n 140._o title_n iu._n experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n p._n 149._o title_n v._n experiment_n touch_v the_o tendency_n of_o cold_a upward_o or_o downward_o p._n 173._o title_n vi._n experiment_n and_o observation_n 〈◊〉_d the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n p._n 184._o title_n vii_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a p._n 222._o title_n viii_o experiment_n touch_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n p._n 237._o title_n ix_o experiment_n in_o consort_n touch_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v p._n 245._o title_n x._o experiment_n about_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n and_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n p._n 279._o title_n xi_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n p._n 296._o title_n xii_o experiment_n touch_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n p._n 382._o title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o 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efficacy_n be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o diffuse_v it_o seem_v not_o likely_a that_o its_o antagonist_n cold_a shall_v be_v a_o despicable_a quality_n and_o certain_o cold_a and_o heat_v especial_o when_o employ_v by_o turn_n be_v the_o two_o grand_a instrument_n by_o which_o nature_n perform_v so_o many_o of_o her_o operation_n here_o below_o that_o our_o great_a verulam_n do_v not_o speak_v inconsiderate_o when_o he_o call_v heat_v the_o right_a hand_n of_o nature_n and_o cold_a her_o left_a and_o though_o in_o our_o temperate_a climate_n the_o effect_n of_o cold_a seem_v not_o to_o be_v very_o remarkable_a yet_o beside_o that_o in_o more_o northern_a region_n they_o be_v oftententimes_o stupendous_a the_o nature_n of_o that_o quality_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o well_o worth_a our_o consider_v if_o it_o be_v but_o for_o the_o power_n it_o have_v to_o 〈◊〉_d and_o check_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o heat_n upon_o which_o account_n alone_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o it_o may_v be_v look_v 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another_o that_o can_v not_o miss_v of_o prevail_a the_o command_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n impose_v on_o i_o in_o such_o a_o way_n that_o i_o think_v it_o will_v less_o misbecome_v i_o to_o obey_v it_o unskilful_o than_o not_o at_o all_o especial_o since_o from_o so_o illustrious_a a_o company_n where_o i_o have_v the_o happiness_n not_o to_o be_v hate_v i_o may_v in_o my_o endeavour_n to_o obey_v and_o serve_v they_o hope_v to_o find_v my_o fail_n both_o pardon_v and_o make_v occasion_n of_o discover_v the_o truth_n i_o aim_v at_o ii_o after_o this_o account_n of_o the_o motive_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o resolve_v to_o draw_v together_o the_o note_n i_o have_v on_o several_a occasion_n set_v down_o about_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a it_o may_v be_v now_o expect_v that_o i_o render_v some_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v thus_o digest_v they_o and_o why_o i_o have_v not_o write_v the_o follow_a treatise_n in_o a_o more_o accurate_a way_n first_o then_o i_o ready_o acknowledge_v 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reader_n will_v be_v excite_v to_o make_v further_a trial_n himself_o and_o will_v be_v thereby_o enable_v to_o judge_v which_o trial_n have_v be_v the_o most_o careful_o make_v and_o the_o most_o wary_o deliver_v and_o though_o i_o think_v it_o but_o a_o necessary_a profession_n for_o i_o to_o say_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o be_o pretty_a confident_a of_o my_o have_v perform_v my_o duty_n as_o to_o the_o historical_a part_n yet_o this_o need_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o most_o of_o the_o differ_a success_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o may_v prove_v but_o instance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o long_o since_o admonish_v the_o reader_n in_o my_o preface_n that_o there_o be_v among_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a divers_a that_o be_v liable_a to_o contingency_n so_o that_o as_o i_o will_v not_o have_v the_o paper_n of_o this_o learned_a man_n comprehend_v in_o what_o i_o say_v of_o the_o jejuness_n of_o the_o writer_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o who_o treat_v of_o cold_a in_o a_o 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as_o principal_o affect_v by_o the_o proper_a virtue_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v ere_o long_o more_o full_o declare_v and_o if_o this_o be_v make_v out_o than_o the_o computation_n we_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o 5_o show_v that_o the_o strength_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o there_o about_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n for_o instance_n of_o four_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v just_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o strength_n or_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o 10._o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v a_o equal_a force_n superad_v to_o the_o former_a which_o make_v that_o a_o double_a force_n or_o equivalent_a to_o 20_o pound_n weight_n will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a 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without_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n who_o texture_n be_v differ_v and_o i_o may_v countenance_v this_o by_o add_v that_o as_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a a_o spirit_n as_o that_o of_o wine_n when_o well_o 〈◊〉_d be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v yet_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o will_v in_o a_o trice_n deprive_v it_o of_o its_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o make_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n also_o but_o i_o must_v not_o insist_v on_o such_o matter_n have_v mention_v they_o but_o only_o to_o awaken_v man_n curiosity_n and_o circumspection_n and_o not_o to_o build_v much_o upon_o they_o which_o will_v be_v easy_o credit_v if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o a_o little_a above_o i_o myself_o sufficient_o intimate_v that_o this_o conjecture_n suppose_v something_o about_o the_o
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etc._n etc._n which_o will_v sometime_o seem_v to_o be_v total_o clear_a spirit_n and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n such_o kind_n of_o instance_n i_o say_v i_o can_v mention_v but_o i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o prosecute_v my_o example_n in_o that_o obvious_a of_o liquor_n water_n and_o add_v that_o even_o that_o may_v afford_v we_o other_o testimony_n of_o the_o increase_v or_o lessen_v cold_a of_o the_o air_n then_o that_o which_o it_o give_v we_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n for_o in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n the_o waterman_n observe_v that_o the_o river_n will_v 12._o bear_v boat_n heavy_a load_v in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o have_v upon_o inquiry_n be_v credible_o inform_v that_o seaman_n have_v observe_v their_o ship_n to_o draw_v less_o water_n upon_o the_o coast_n 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say_v more_o and_o because_o about_o other_o weather-glass_n i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o already_o i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o sum_n up_o my_o thought_n concern_v the_o criteria_n of_o cold_a by_o represent_v the_o follow_a particular_n 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a and_o unheeded_a predisposition_n of_o our_o body_n the_o single_a and_o immediate_a information_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v trust_v 2._o that_o though_o common_a weather-glass_n be_v useful_a instrument_n and_o the_o information_n they_o give_v we_o be_v in_o most_o case_n preferable_a to_o those_o of_o our_o sense_n of_o touch_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o not_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o unheeded_a mutation_n yet_o even_o these_o instrument_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n as_o well_o as_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a may_v upon_o that_o and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o account_n easy_o mis-inform_a we_o in_o several_a case_n unless_o in_o such_o case_n we_o observe_v by_o other_o instrument_n the_o present_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n 3._o that_o the_o seal_a weather-glass_n we_o have_v be_v mention_v be_v so_o far_o preferable_a to_o the_o common_a one_o as_o especial_o they_o not_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o various_a pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n that_o there_o seem_v no_o need_n in_o most_o case_n to_o decline_v their_o report_n or_o postpose_v they_o to_o those_o of_o any_o other_o instrument_n but_o yet_o in_o some_o nice_a case_n it_o may_v be_v prudent_a where_o it_o may_v convenient_o be_v do_v to_o make_v use_n also_o of_o other_o way_n of_o examine_v the_o coldness_n of_o body_n that_o the_o concurrence_n or_o variance_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o such_o way_n of_o examination_n may_v either_o confirm_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n or_o excite_v or_o assist_v we_o to_o a_o further_o and_o severe_a inquiry_n 4._o that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v man_n too_o easy_o deter_v from_o devise_v and_o try_v various_a experiment_n if_o otherwise_o not_o unlikely_a or_o irrational_a about_o the_o estimate_v of_o cold_a by_o their_o appear_v disagreeable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n about_o that_o quality_n for_o i_o doubt_v our_o theory_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o only_o very_o imperfect_a but_o in_o great_a part_n ill_o ground_v and_o i_o shall_v never_o have_v venture_v at_o try_v to_o make_v seal_v weather-glass_n if_o i_o can_v have_v be_v withhold_v either_o by_o the_o grand_a peripatetic_a opinion_n that_o to_o shun_v a_o void_a water_n must_v remain_v suspend_v in_o glass_n where_o if_o it_o fall_v the_o air_n can_v succeed_v it_o or_o the_o general_a opinion_n even_o of_o philosopher_n as_o well_o new_a as_o old_a that_o air_n must_v be_v far_o easy_a than_o any_o visible_a liquor_n
examine_v this_o have_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n we_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o i_o partly_o make_v myself_o and_o partly_o cause_v in_o my_o presence_n to_o be_v make_v by_o other_o that_o if_o a_o man_n eye_n be_v close_o shut_v he_o can_v certain_o discern_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o moderate_o size_v piece_n of_o ice_n though_o hold_v never_o so_o near_o his_o finger_n end_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v the_o trial_n with_o one_o of_o those_o very_a sensible_a thermoscope_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v wherein_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o liquor_n play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o slender_a pipe_n i_o find_v that_o by_o hold_v it_o very_o near_o to_o little_a mass_n of_o snow_n somewhat_o compact_v too_o the_o movable_a drop_n do_v not_o betray_v any_o manifest_a operation_n of_o so_o cold_a a_o neighbour_a body_n but_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v make_v to_o touch_v the_o snow_n the_o effect_n will_v then_o be_v notable_a by_o the_o hasty_a descent_n of_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n or_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o obtuse_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n in_o case_n that_o be_v not_o perpendicular_o but_o lateral_o apply_v to_o the_o snowy_a lump_n but_o this_o languidness_n of_o operation_n may_v perhaps_o proceed_v in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v employ_v for_o hear_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v make_v divers_a observation_n about_o cold_a in_o greenland_n i_o desire_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o very_a learned_a friend_n to_o be_v inform_v whether_o or_o no_o in_o the_o night_n they_o can_v perceive_v those_o vast_a heap_n or_o rather_o mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o float_v up_o and_o down_o in_o that_o sea_n by_o any_o new_a and_o manifest_a accession_n of_o cold_a and_o be_v inform_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o that_o question_n that_o be_v at_o sea_n they_o can_v know_v the_o approach_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a as_o by_o the_o glare_a light_n which_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o receive_v from_o the_o neighbour_a ice_n 3._o but_o that_o which_o make_v i_o suspect_v that_o there_o may_v in_o this_o account_n be_v some_o mistake_n be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o like_a observation_n in_o any_o of_o the_o voyage_n into_o gelid_a climate_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o peruse_v though_o in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o navigator_n frequent_o mention_v their_o have_v meet_v with_o vast_a rand_n as_o some_o call_v they_o and_o island_n of_o mountainous_a ice_n in_o the_o night_n and_o it_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v the_o complaint_n of_o one_o or_o two_o if_o not_o more_o of_o they_o that_o the_o ship_n lie_v close_o by_o such_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n without_o their_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fog_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a cold_a diffuse_v to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v advertise_v of_o the_o unwelcome_a neighbourhood_n even_o of_o so_o much_o ice_n but_o possible_o the_o approach_n of_o far_o small_a mass_n of_o ice_n will_v have_v be_v sensible_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o climate_n as_o we_o where_o the_o organ_n will_v not_o have_v be_v indispose_v to_o feel_v by_o a_o long_a accustomance_n of_o any_o thing_n near_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o that_o which_o then_o reign_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n 4._o while_o we_o be_v consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o operation_n of_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o the_o very_a near_a distance_n and_o upon_o immediate_a contact_n we_o think_v it_o a_o experiment_n not_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v try_v whether_o though_o ice_n and_o snow_n alone_o that_o be_v unassisted_a by_o salt_n will_v not_o in_o some_o of_o our_o former_o mention_a experiment_n freeze_v water_n through_o the_o thickness_n even_o of_o a_o thin_a glass_n they_o may_v not_o yet_o do_v it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o we_o take_v a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o contain_v water_n for_o some_o hour_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o till_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o mark_v what_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o unfrozen_a water_n and_o then_o remove_v the_o vessel_n to_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o stand_v in_o before_o we_o let_v it_o 〈◊〉_d there_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o ice_n will_v freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a and_o incumbent_a water_n but_o some_o intervening_a accident_n hinder_v we_o from_o be_v able_a to_o derive_v any_o great_a satisfaction_n one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o our_o trial_n 5._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n v._n of_o compensation_n that_o the_o diligent_a olearius_n relate_v that_o at_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a hot_a climate_n and_o though_o it_o seldom_o freeze_v there_o above_o a_o finger_n thick_a and_o the_o ice_n melt_v present_o at_o sunrising_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v conservatory_n which_o they_o furnish_v with_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o good_a thickness_n only_o by_o pour_v at_o night_n great_a store_n of_o water_n at_o convenient_a interval_n of_o time_n upon_o a_o shelve_v floor_n of_o freestone_n or_o marble_n whereon_o as_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o the_o most_o dispose_v of_o its_o part_n be_v in_o their_o passage_n arrest_v and_o freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a ice_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n say_v my_o learned_a author_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o two_o or_o three_o successive_a night_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a thickness_n 6._o we_o several_a time_n give_v order_n to_o have_v this_o experiment_n try_v in_o england_n but_o partly_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o we_o employ_v and_o partly_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o intervening_a circumstance_n our_o expectation_n be_v but_o ill_o answer_v and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o mention_v intervening_a circumstance_n because_o have_v cause_v a_o servant_n to_o pump_v in_o the_o night_n upon_o a_o not_o very_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v lay_v shelve_v upon_o a_o board_n and_o another_o flat_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n lay_v under_o a_o place_n where_o water_n derive_v from_o a_o neighbour_a spring_n be_v wont_n continual_o to_o drop_v he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o last_o name_v place_n the_o ice_n melt_v away_o but_o that_o under_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o increase_v in_o thickness_n by_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o it_o be_v thereby_o rather_o dissolve_v at_o which_o somewhat_o wonder_v i_o go_v in_o the_o morning_n myself_o to_o the_o pump_n and_o cause_v a_o good_a flake_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n place_v under_o it_o i_o observe_v the_o water_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pump_n and_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o ice_n to_o smoke_n as_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_o have_v make_v the_o water_n though_o very_o cold_a to_o the_o touch_n somewhat_o warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o fit_a to_o resolve_v then_o to_o increase_v it_o which_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o suffer_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n to_o stand_v to_o cool_v in_o the_o air_n before_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o though_o the_o neighbour_a air_n be_v as_o i_o find_v by_o manifest_a proof_n so_o cold_a that_o i_o be_v not_o tempt_v to_o impute_v the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o experiment_n rather_o to_o its_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a coldness_n than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o till_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o further_a trial_n i_o can_v 〈◊〉_d more_o to_o the_o persian_a way_n of_o augment_v ice_n but_o to_o proceed_v our_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o a_o unsatisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o experiment_n which_o we_o be_v the_o more_o trouble_v at_o because_o this_o seem_v a_o promise_a way_n of_o try_v that_o which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o experiment_n for_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n must_v be_v serious_o consider_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o divers_a trial_n that_o may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o resolve_v of_o the_o same_o question_n for_o to_o omit_v other_o example_n here_o in_o england_n we_o find_v that_o water_n pour_v on_o snow_n be_v wont_a to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o to_o be_v congeal_v by_o it_o whereas_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o good_a while_n among_o the_o russian_n
and_o spoil_v the_o other_o liquor_n be_v indeed_o sweet_a like_o rain_n water_n but_o so_o very_o little_a as_o well_o as_o so_o slow_o generate_v that_o it_o amount_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o to_o that_o which_o the_o snow_n employ_v and_o spoil_v to_o make_v it_o will_v have_v afford_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o some_o cool_a liquor_n which_o can_v as_o well_o as_o this_o mixture_n condense_a the_o vapid_a air_n into_o water_n and_o who_o texture_n be_v not_o destroy_v in_o this_o operation_n as_o that_o of_o the_o snow_n be_v may_v not_o be_v more_o hopeful_o employ_v to_o obtain_v water_n from_o the_o air_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o one_o thing_n that_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n do_v turn_v the_o vapour_n that_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n first_o into_o ice_n before_o they_o drop_v down_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n in_o almost_o all_o our_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o in_o thick_a funnel_n as_o in_o other_o and_o thin_a glass_n 5._o that_o in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n a_o include_v mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n divers_a of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o present_a treatise_n do_v manifest_o evince_v which_o argue_v that_o even_o so_o extreme_o close_v a_o medium_fw-la as_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o transmission_n of_o cold._n and_o this_o be_v not_o superfluous_o add_v because_o in_o vessel_n not_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o internal_a air_n that_o communicate_v its_o coldness_n by_o some_o unheeded_a but_o immediate_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_a after_o this_o we_o think_v it_o worth_a a_o experiment_n to_o try_v whether_o or_o how_o cold_n will_v be_v diffuse_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o some_o will_v think_v a_o vacuum_n and_o which_o to_o other_o will_v seem_v much_o less_o dispose_v to_o assist_v the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a then_o common_a air_n itself_o to_o compass_v this_o the_o expedient_a we_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o be_v to_o suspend_v a_o slender_a glass_n full_a of_o water_n in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n belong_v to_o our_o pneumatical_a engine_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o careful_o pump_v out_o to_o bury_v the_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o copious_a and_o ready_a prepare_v mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o see_v whether_o notwithstanding_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o water_n suspend_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o vacuum_n as_o to_o air_n or_o gross_a substance_n will_v yet_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o cold._n that_o event_n of_o our_o trial_n which_o alone_o i_o find_v among_o my_o note_n be_v register_v in_o these_o term_n 6._o a_fw-la small_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v at_o the_o other_o fill_v almost_o with_o water_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n consist_v of_o a_o somewhat_o long_a and_o slender_a tube_n of_o glass_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o invert_v upon_o the_o engine_n plate_n than_o the_o air_n be_v careful_o exhaust_v for_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v a_o while_n after_o no_o air_n appear_v to_o come_v forth_o in_o any_o bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o external_a water_n nor_o do_v the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n within_o disclose_v any_o number_n of_o bubble_n worth_a take_v notice_n of_o then_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o almost_o cylindrical_a plate_n of_o iron_n beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n be_v heap_v against_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n about_o the_o height_n to_o which_o the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n reach_v and_o at_o length_n though_o as_o we_o all_o thought_n much_o more_o slow_o than_o such_o a_o congelation_n will_v else_o have_v be_v perform_v the_o water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v in_o odd_a kind_n of_o flake_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o ice_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n 7._o there_o be_v one_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v about_o the_o transmission_n of_o cold_a through_o indispose_a medium_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unworthy_a to_o be_v here_o insert_v for_o i_o have_v once_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cold_a body_n can_v operate_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v as_o to_o touch_v actual_o hot_a and_o have_v its_o heat_n continual_o renew_v by_o a_o sountain_n as_o it_o be_v of_o heat_n that_o perpetual_o diffuse_v through_o it_o new_a supply_n of_o warm_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o cold_a body_n can_v not_o here_o as_o in_o other_o case_n first_o allay_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o then_o lessen_v it_o more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o have_v quite_o extinguish_v it_o to_o compass_v this_o i_o have_v soon_o after_o a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v some_o trial_n present_v i_o for_o be_v at_o the_o mineral_n spring_v at_o tunbridge_n to_o drink_v those_o wholesome_a water_n for_o my_o health_n sake_n i_o soon_o accustom_v myself_o to_o drink_v they_o in_o considerable_a quantity_n very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o be_v exceed_o cold_a and_o sometime_o drink_v they_o in_o bed_n as_o well_o as_o sometime_o at_o the_o springs-head_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v whether_o in_o case_n i_o take_v they_o down_o very_o fast_o they_o will_v not_o through_o the_o warm_a muscle_n and_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la diffuse_v a_o sensible_a coldness_n and_o upon_o more_o trial_n than_o one_o i_o find_v that_o by_o lay_v my_o warm_a hand_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o my_o belly_n i_o there_o feel_v at_o least_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o manifest_a and_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o when_o i_o relate_v this_o to_o some_o ingenious_a person_n that_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o those_o spring_n than_o i_o they_o tell_v i_o that_o there_o be_v among_o those_o many_o that_o then_o resort_v to_o those_o famous_a spring_n a_o knight_n who_o name_n i_o remember_v not_o who_o disease_n be_v judge_v formidable_a the_o physician_n enjoin_v he_o to_o drink_v in_o a_o morning_n two_o or_o three_o time_n the_o quantity_n that_o afford_v i_o the_o observation_n i_o be_v relate_v and_o that_o when_o this_o knight_n have_v fill_v his_o belly_n with_o so_o much_o water_n he_o use_v mighty_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o coldness_n it_o diffuse_v through_o his_o abdomen_fw-la insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o ply_v those_o part_n long_o with_o hot_a napkin_n clap_v to_o they_o one_o after_o another_o which_o yet_o as_o he_o complain_v be_v soon_o refrigerated_a by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a that_o the_o water_n diffuse_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o belly_n which_o yet_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o that_o i_o can_v learn_v at_o all_o prejudice_v no_o more_o than_o i_o by_o so_o sensible_a and_o pierce_a a_o cold._n 8._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o in_o case_n water_n be_v not_o 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have_v suffice_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n and_o also_o after_o they_o have_v be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a air._n but_o the_o paper_n in_o which_o we_o register_v the_o event_n of_o these_o trial_n have_v be_v mislay_v i_o dare_v not_o charge_v my_o memory_n with_o the_o particular_n only_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o stone_n seem_v to_o have_v increase_v in_o weight_n after_o have_v be_v bury_v in_o our_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o i_o be_v apt_a to_o impute_v to_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o ice_n resolve_v into_o water_n by_o the_o salt_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o be_v perhaps_o make_v more_o pierce_a by_o the_o saline_a particle_n associate_v with_o they_o imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o stone_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o experiment_n that_o i_o then_o want_v conveniency_n to_o try_v myself_o to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n upon_o a_o stone_n hard_a enough_o 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not_o to_o be_v altogether_o devoid_a of_o gravity_n it_o may_v yet_o be_v say_v that_o when_o they_o invade_v the_o body_n they_o freeze_v they_o expel_v thence_o some_o other_o preexistent_a atom_n that_o may_v also_o have_v some_o little_a weight_n and_o that_o the_o frigorifick_a corpuscle_n that_o fly_v or_o be_v drive_v away_o may_v be_v succeed_v by_o some_o such_o when_o body_n come_v to_o be_v thaw_v but_o of_o this_o no_o more_o at_o present_a appendix_n to_o the_o xx._n title_n the_o experiment_n record_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n may_v perchance_o in_o this_o regard_n prove_v more_o useful_a than_o i_o be_v aware_a of_o that_o they_o may_v keep_v man_n from_o be_v mislead_v by_o the_o contrary_a account_n that_o i_o find_v to_o have_v be_v give_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n and_o water_n by_o no_o obscure_a writer_n for_o to_o spare_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a of_o the_o ancient_n helmont_n in_o the_o treatise_n he_o call_v gas_n aquae_n where_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o congelation_n of_o water_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v unintelligible_a enough_o to_o i_o and_o where_o he_o be_v please_v to_o ascribe_v to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o extenuation_n of_o part_n of_o the_o sulphur_n he_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o water_n that_o levity_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o bubble_n it_o contain_v afford_v we_o a_o intelligible_a and_o ready_a account_n of_o deliver_v very_o positive_o this_o experiment_n imple_a say_v he_o lagenam_fw-la 35._o vitream_fw-la &_o magnam_fw-la frustis_fw-la glaciei_fw-la collum_fw-la verò_fw-la claudatur_fw-la sigillo_fw-la hermetis_n id_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la vitri_fw-la ibidem_fw-la liquationem_fw-la ponatur_fw-la haectum_fw-la lagena_fw-la in_o bilance_fw-la adjecto_fw-la pondere_fw-la in_o oppositum_fw-la &_o videbis_fw-la quod_fw-la propemodum_fw-la octava_fw-la svi_fw-la parte_fw-la aqua_fw-la post_fw-la resolutam_fw-la glaciem_fw-la erit_fw-la ponderosiior_fw-la seipsa_fw-la glacie_n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la millesy_n ex_fw-la eadem_fw-la aqua_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o helmont_n who_o in_o case_n he_o take_v lagena_fw-la vitrea_fw-la in_o the_o ordinary_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n will_v have_v make_v we_o some_o amends_o for_o this_o erroneous_a account_n if_o he_o have_v teach_v we_o the_o way_n how_o he_o can_v seal_v such_o a_o broad_a vessel_n as_o a_o glass_n flagon_n hermetical_o but_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n section_n will_v sufficient_o show_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o this_o experiment_n of_o helmont_n and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n we_o have_v several_a time_n weigh_v ice_n freeze_v and_o reduce_v to_o water_n without_o find_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o helmont_n be_v mistake_v and_o particular_o upon_o the_o last_o trial_n i_o make_v of_o this_o kind_n have_v fill_v a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n with_o solid_a fragment_n of_o ice_n together_o with_o it_o amount_v to_o a_o pound_n of_o which_o the_o glass_n alone_o weigh_v somewhat_o above_o five_o ounce_n i_o whelm_v over_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o another_o flat_a bottom_n glass_n that_o if_o any_o vapour_n shall_v ascend_v they_o may_v be_v condense_v into_o drop_n as_o in_o the_o like_a case_n i_o have_v former_o observe_v they_o to_o do_v and_o this_o ice_n be_v thaw_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n as_o no_o drop_n be_v see_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o invert_v glass_n so_o the_o other_o glass_n be_v again_o put_v into_o the_o same_o scale_n appear_v almost_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o former_o whereas_o the_o ice_n alone_o that_o have_v be_v resolve_v amount_v to_o much_o above_o eight_o ounce_n according_a to_o helmont_n proportion_n the_o weight_n shall_v have_v be_v augment_v by_o a_o whole_a ounce_n at_o least_o and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o that_o if_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o great_a quantity_n of_o ice_n the_o event_n will_v have_v be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o different_z but_o i_o purposely_o choose_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d experiment_n about_o cold_a to_o make_v my_o i_o rial_n in_o no_o great_a quantity_n of_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v do_v because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o get_v scale_n strong_a enough_o to_o weigh_v without_o be_v injure_v much_o great_a weight_n and_o yet_o be_v accurate_a enough_o to_o discover_v true_o such_o small_a difference_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o such_o experiment_n but_o to_o return_v to_o helmont_n notwithstanding_o all_o that_o we_o have_v say_v against_o what_o he_o deliver_v about_o the_o weight_n of_o ice_n yet_o because_o i_o take_v this_o inquisitive_a chemist_n to_o have_v be_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o his_o extravagancy_n a_o benefactor_n to_o experimental_a learning_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o suggest_v on_o his_o behalf_n that_o possible_o much_o of_o the_o additional_a weight_n he_o
not_o find_v that_o his_o great_a earthen_a pot_n which_o be_v make_v up_o with_o as_o little_a water_n as_o be_v possible_a &_o be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o their_o durable_a texture_n have_v not_o that_o texture_n alter_v and_o impair_v by_o very_a pierce_a frost_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v from_o get_v into_o they_o those_o great_a and_o solid_a vessel_n wherein_o he_o use_v to_o keep_v his_o glass_n in_o fusion_n will_v in_o the_o fire_n scale_n or_o crack_v and_o perhaps_o fly_v and_o become_v unserviceable_a no_o less_o than_o some_o week_n soon_o than_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v impair_v by_o the_o frost_n and_o when_o i_o inquire_v whether_o also_o glass_n itself_o will_v not_o be_v much_o prejudice_v thereby_o he_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n many_o glass_n that_o have_v continue_v entire_a for_o many_o week_n for_o that_o circumstance_n i_o be_v solicitous_a to_o ask_v about_o will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o own_o accord_n crack_v with_o loud_a noise_n but_o whatever_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o such_o trial_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o confirm_v the_o phaenomenon_n itself_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o illiterate_a but_o very_o experience_a french_a aurhor_n who_o on_o a_o certain_a occasion_n tell_v we_o as_o i_o also_o take_v notice_n in_o another_o physics_n treatise_n that_o he_o know_v the_o stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o ardenne_n famous_n enough_o in_o france_n be_v hard_o than_o marble_n and_o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o palissy_n country_n do_v not_o draw_v they_o out_o of_o the_o quarry_n in_o winter_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o frost_n and_o it_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n see_v that_o upon_o thaw_n the_o rock_n without_o be_v cut_v have_v fall_v down_o and_o kill_v many_o but_o it_o may_v yet_o seem_v far_o more_o unlikely_a that_o frost_n shall_v get_v into_o metal_n themselves_o and_o yet_o have_v ask_v the_o new_o mention_v polonian_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v often_o by_o draw_v out_o his_o sword_n and_o pull_v out_o his_o pistol_n when_o he_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o field_n and_o come_v into_o a_o hot_a room_n find_v they_o quick_o almost_o whiten_v over_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a hoar_a frost_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v as_o he_o conceive_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o steel_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o i_o want_v circumstance_n enough_o to_o make_v i_o willing_a to_o determine_v but_o if_o we_o will_v credit_v olaus_n magnus_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o considerable_o thick_a piece_n of_o iron_n and_o steel_n itself_o will_v in_o the_o northern_a region_n be_v render_v so_o brittle_a by_o the_o extreme_a frost_n that_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o temper_v their_o instrument_n after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n his_o word_n which_o be_v remarkable_a i_o forbear_v 23._o to_o alter_v be_v these_o videntur_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ferrei_fw-la ligones_fw-la certa_fw-la ratione_fw-la fabricati_fw-la quia_fw-la his_fw-la spissa_fw-la atque_fw-la indurata_fw-la glacies_fw-la caeteris_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la ferreis_n non_fw-la cedens_fw-la facilius_fw-la infringitur_fw-la dum_fw-la aliae_fw-la secure_v chalybe_o permixtae_fw-la in_fw-la vehementi_fw-la frigore_fw-la ad_fw-la solum_fw-la glaciei_fw-la vel_fw-la virentis_fw-la arboris_fw-la ictum_fw-la instar_fw-la vitri_fw-la rumpuntur_fw-la ubi_fw-la ligones_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sive_fw-la ferreae_fw-la hastae_fw-la fortissimi_fw-la manent_fw-la which_o testimony_n notwithstanding_o what_o some_o have_v write_v to_o this_o author_n disparagement_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o all_o incredible_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n i_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o cause_v trial_n to_o be_v make_v in_o very_o 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