and to their being saved hereafter Q. What are those things which may be accounted thus necessary to be known by All Christians A. They may in general be reduced to these two Heads viz. The Knowledge of the Gospel-Covenant that is to say Of the Promises made by God to Mankind through our Lord Jesus Christ and of the Conditions upon which We may become Partakers of them And 2dly Of the means which God has appointed whereby to convey his Grace to Us and thereby both to assist and confirm Us in the discharge of our Duty to Him Q. What are the Promises which God has made to Mankind through Jesus Christ A. Pardon of Sins Grace to fulfil our Duty in this Life And upon our sincere Performance thereof Everlasting Salvation in the Life which is to come Q. What are the Conditions required of Us by God in order to our being made Partakers of these Promises A. A hearty Repentance of our Sins past A sincere Endeavour to live according to God's Commands for the time to come And both these made perfect by a lively Faith in God's Mercies towards Us through Jesus Christ Jo. iii. 16 Q. What are the Means ordained of God whereby to convey his Grace to Us A. They are chiefly two Constant Prayer to God for it And a worthy Use of the Holy Sacraments Luk. xi 13 Mark xvi 16 Acts ii 38 1 Cor. x. 16 xi 23 c. Q. Are there not besides these some other means ordain'd by God and necessary to be made use of by Us in order to our Salvation A. Yes there are particularly the Hearing Reading and Meditating upon his Word The Substance of which tho' it be sufficiently gather'd together and represented to Us in our Catechism yet ought not that to hinder our Reading of the Holy Scriptures nor to deprive Us of any other Means of Christian Instruction but rather should be used as a Help whereby to render both the Reading and Hearing of God's Word more plain and profitable to Us. Psal. i. 2 2 Tim. iii. 16 Jo. v. 39 Rom. xv 4 Q. Does your Church-Catechism sufficiently instruct you in All These A. It does For therein both the Nature of the Christian Covenant is declared to Us and the Conditions are set forth on which we may become Partakers of it And we are particularly Instructed both how we ought to Pray to God and what those Sacraments are which are necessary to be Administred unto and Received by All of Us. SECT II. Q. WHat is your Name A. N. or M. Q. Who gave you this Name A. My Godfathers and Godmothers c. Q. What is that Name which is here demanded of you A. It is my Christian Name therefore so called because it was given to Me by my Godfathers and Godmothers at my Baptism For as from my Natural Parents I derive the Name of my Family so from those who were my Spiritual Parents I take that Name which properly belongs to me as a Member of Christ's Church Gen. xvii 5 15. Gen. xxi 3 4. Luk. i. 59 60. Luk. ii 21 Q. Whom do you mean by your Godfathers and Godmothers A. I mean those Persons who became Sureties for me at my Baptism And upon whose Promise there made in my Name I was Baptized and so foederally admitted into the Communion of Christ's Church Q. What are the Benefits which by your Baptism have accrued to you A. They are Many and Great Ones but may in general be reduced to these Three that thereby I was made a Member of Christ the Child of God and an Inheritor of the Kingdom of Heaven Q. How were you hereby made a Member of Christ A. As I was made a a Member of his Mystical Body the Church of which Christ is the b Head a 1 Cor. xii 27 Ye are the Body of Christ and Members in particular b Ephes. iv 15 v. 23 Christ is the Head of the Church Q. How were you hereby made the Child of God A. As by this means I was taken into Covenant with Him was adopted into his Family dedicated to his Service and intituled to his Promises Gal. iii. 26 27 Ye are All the Children of God by Faith in Jesus Christ. For as many of you as have been Baptized into Christ have put on Christ. And if ye be Christs then are ye Abrahams Seed and Heirs according to the Promise See Gal. iv 5 7. Eph. i. 5 Q. How were you hereby made an Inheritor of the Kingdom of Heaven A. As by my Baptism I became intituled to a Right to it and was actually put into such a State that if I be not wanting to my self I shall not fail of being made Partaker of it Tit. iii. 4 c. But after that the Kindness and Love of God our Saviour toward Man appeared Not by Works of Righteousness which we have done but according to his Mercy he saved us by the washing of Regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost That being justified by his Grace we should be made Heirs according to the hope of Eternal Life 1 Pet. i. 3 c. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who according to his abundant Mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the Dead to an Inheritance incorruptible and undefiled and that fadeth not away reserved in Heaven for Vs. Q. Are All who are Baptized made Partakers thereby of these Benefits A. They are all at that time either made Partakers of them or intituled to them But those only continue to hold their Right to these Privileges who take care to fulfill their part of the Covenant which was therein made between God and Them Q. Have none but such as are Baptized a Right to these Benefits A. None have a Right to them but such as are Baptized or were ready to have been Baptized had they had the Opportunity of Receiving that Holy Sacrament Jo. iii. 5 Except a Man be born of Water and of the Spirit he cannot enter into the Kingdom of Heaven Mark xvi 16 He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved SECT III. Q. WHat did your Godfathers and Godmothers then for you A. They did promise and Uow three things in my Name c. Q. What is the first Thing which your Godfathers and Godmothers promised in your Name A. That I should Renounce the Devil and all his Works the Pomps and Uanity of this Wicked World and all the sinful Lusts of the Flesh. Q. What does the Renouncing of all these import A. It imports an utter forsaking of Them And obliges me not only inwardly to detest Them but so to watch and govern all my Outward Actions as not to follow nor be led by Them Q. Do you think that you shall be able thus to renounce the Devil the World and your Own Flesh A. So perfectly as I could wish I cannot hope to do it in this present Life
forgive Sin A. He washes away the stain of it by his Sanctifying Grace and Remits the Punishment of it for the Sake and through the Merits and Mediation of Jesus Christ our Saviour Q. What Assurance have we that God will thus Forgive Us our Sins A. The Covenant of the Gospel is founded upon the Promise of it So that if we Believe that Christ died for our Sins we must also Believe that God for Christ's sake will forgive all those who truly Repent of their Sins Luk. xxiv 47 Acts v. 31 xiii 38 xxvi 18 Eph. iv 32 Q. Is this the peculiar Privilege of the Church of Christ A. So the Scriptures tell us There being no Other Name under Heaven given among Men by which we must be Saved but only that of the Lord Jesus Acts iv 12 Q. From whom is this Forgiveness to be Sought A. Who hath Power to forgive Sins but God only Mark ii 7 Of Him therefore it must be sought in the Name of Jesus Christ. Q. But has not Christ left a Power with his Church to forgive Sins A. He has left with his Church a Ministerial Power to declare forgiveness of Sins to all such as truly Repent of them and Believe in him And when the Ministers of his Word are called in to the Assistance of Sick or Scrupulous Persons they may upon the Supposition of a true Repentance pronounce in God's Name the Pardon of their Sins to them But in this they only deliver the Sentence of God which if the Sinner be truly Penitent God will infallibly make Good Otherwise it will be of no Use to them because it was erroneously though charitably Pass'd upon Them Q. But does not the Church of Rome ascribe much more to the Absolution of the Priest than this A. Yes it does Nor is this One of the least Presumptuous or least Dangerous of its Errours They tell Us that the Sentence of the Priest in this Case is not only Declarative but Judicial And which is yet worse they add that though a Sinner be not affected with such a Sorrow for his Sin as would Otherwise be sufficient to obtain God's Pardon yet by rightly Confessing to a Priest his Sins shall be forgiven and an Entrance Opened into Heaven by the Power of the Keys in Absolution By the former of which as they Usurp upon the Prerogative of God Mark ii 7 So do they by the latter lay a very dangerous Stumbling-block in the way of Wicked Men whilst they Encourage them to Rely on such a Sorrow for the Forgiveness of their Sins as will certainly fail and Ruin them in the End SECT XIX Q. WHat is the Third Privilege promised by God to Christ's Church A. The Resurrection of the Body Q. Shall not All Men whatsoever be Raised again at the last Day A. They shall Q. How then is this a Privilege of those who are the Faithful Members of Christ's Church A. Because though all Men shall be Raised yet not All after the same Manner The Bodies of the Faithful shall be raised in a most Blessed and Glorious State 1 Cor. xv 42 c. They shall be perfected in all their Parts and Qualities shall be render'd an Habitation fit for a Glorified Soul to dwell in and be prepared for the Enjoyment of an Everlasting Felicity And thus to Rise in such a State and for such an End is certainly a very Great Benefit and the peculiar Privilege of Christ's Holy Church Q. How then shall the Wicked be Raised A. Their Bodies shall also be Restored to them and that in such a State as to be capable of Undergoing for Ever those Torments which God has prepared for Them But their Resurrection shall be to Shame and Misery And what is the Blessing of the Righteous shall to the Wicked be a means of Encreasing their Pain and Enlarging their Punishment Q. Shall we Receive the same Bodies we now have at the Resurrection or shall some Other Bodies be prepared for Us A. The very Nature of a Resurrection does unanswerably prove that we shall Receive our Own Bodies And the End of it confirms it to Us Our Bodies being therefore Raised and Restored to Us that we may be Rewarded or Punish'd in the same Estate both of Soul and Body in which we had done Things Worthy either of Reward or Punishment Q. Shall All Mankind not only Good and Bad but Every Single Person of either kind be Raised at the Last Day A. All that ever died shall be Raised Jo. v. 20 2 Cor. v. 10 But many will be found at the Last Day Alive on the Earth Now they shall not die nor by consequence Rise from the Dead But they shall be Changed That is to say The Men of that Age whether Good or Bad shall by the mighty Power of God be put into the same State with those who being Dead were Raised from the Dead And so be brought with them before the Judgment Seat of Christ 1 Cor. xv 51 1 Thes. iv 15 SECT XX. Q. WHAT shall follow upon the Resurrection A. The Last and General Judgment of Mankind which being pass'd and the Sentence pronounced upon Every One according to his Works It shall Immediately be put in Execution The Wicked shall Go into Everlasting Punishment but the Righteous into Life Everlasting Mat. xxv 46 Q. Shall the Wicked as well as the Righteous live for Ever A. They shall if such a State of inexpressible Misery as they shall be condemn'd to may be called Living For they shall never cease to be nor ever cease to be tormented to all Eternity Mat. x. 28 xxv 41 46. xviii 8 Compare Mark ix 44 Q. How then is Everlasting Life a Privilege of the Church of Christ A. As the Resurrection of the Body was before said to be That Life which alone deserves to be so called that Happy and Glorious Life which God has prepared for the Faithful in his Kingdom That is the Singular Privilege of Christ's Church and of the Faithful Members of it The Other is rather an Everlasting Duration a State of endless Dying rather than an Everlasting Life Q. But can it be consistent with the Justice and Mercy of God to punish the temporary and transient Sins of Men with an Everlasting State of Misery and Sufferings A. We must confess it so to be or say which is as Unreasonable as it would be Wicked that God will deal Unjustly and Unmercifully with Sinners at the Last Day For certain it is that this he has declared shall be the Result of their Evil-doings Q. Why may we not by the Everlasting Death and Everlasting Punishment of which the Scriptures speak on this Occasion understand rather the final Destruction of such Wicked Persons than an Eternal Continuance of Them in Pain and Misery A. Because the Scriptures have plainly declared were Men willing to understand it that by Everlasting Punishment is meant Everlasting Torment That their Worm shall
particularly annex'd to it Indeed if a true Penitent Receive Absolution from his Minister God Ratifies the Sentence and forgives the Sin But so God would have done had neither any Confession been made to or Absolution Received from Him And that the Sin is forgiven is Owing to the Mercy of God upon the Repentance of the Sinner and not to be ascribed to the Priest's Sentence In EXTREME VNCTION there is an Outward Sign but neither of Christ's nor his Apostles Institution They anointed Sick Persons for the Recovery of their Bodily Health and in certain Cases advised the Elders of the Church to be sent for to do likewise But as to any Spiritual Effects they neither used any such Sign themselves nor Recommended it to Others Nor is there any the least Ground on which to expect any such benefit from the Use of it MATRIMONY is a Holy State ordain'd by God and highly to be accounted of by All Men. But it neither confers any Grace where it is not nor Encreases it where it is And therefore is not to be look'd upon as a true and proper Sacrament ORDINATION is also a Divine Institution By the Administration of it Authority is Given to those Who partake of it to minister in Holy Things which otherwise it would not have been lawful for them to do We do not at all doubt but that the Grace of God accompanies this Ordinance and the Discharge of those Ministries which are perform'd in consequence of it But then this Grace is only the Blessing of God upon a particular Employ not such a Grace as is necessary to the making of a Sacrament And it is given to such Persons rather for the Benefit of Others than for the furtherance of their Own Salvation Q. How many Parts are there in a Sacrament A. Two the Outward and Uisible Sign and the Inward and Spiritual Grace SECT XLIII Q. WHat is the First Sacrament of the New Testament A. It is Baptism Q. What is Baptism A. It is the Sacrament of our New and Spiritual Birth Jo. iii. 4 the Seal of our Adoption Rom. iv 11 and the Solemn Means of our Admission into the Communion of the Christian Church Acts ii 41 Col. ii 11 12. By the Outward Washing whereof our Inward Washing from our Sins by the Blood and Spirit of Christ is both clearly exhibited and certainly sealed to Us. Rom. iv 11 Acts ii 38.39 Heb ix 14 Tit. iii. 5 Q. How is Baptism perform'd A. By dipping in pouring on of or sprinkling with Water in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Q. In which of these was this Sacrament administred at the Beginning A. To Aged and Healthful Persons in that Hot Country in which our Saviour lived it was for the most part administred by dipping or plunging the Person who was Baptized into the Water According to the common Ceremony among the Jews of Receiving Proselytes with the very same Ceremony and from which our Saviour seems to have taken Occasion to institute this Sacrament Q. Were any Baptized otherwise at the Beginning A. It cannot be doubted but that as All who Embraced the Gospel were Baptized so many of these could not be dipped in Water Such were very Old and Sick Persons and it may be All at the first when Three and Five Thousand at a time believed and were baptized very likely in a private House Acts ii 41 Acts iv 4 where it would have been very difficult to have had Water enough and endless to have dipped them all Q. What are the Necessary Parts of this Sacrament A. Water and the Word The One to Represent our Spiritual Washing and Cleansing by the Blood of Christ the Other to declare the Faith into which we are Baptized and by which we hope to be saved namely of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Q. How came the Custom of Dipping to be so universally left off in the Church A. Chiefly upon the ground of Charity because when the Gospel became every where Received and the Persons to be Baptized were the Children of believing Parents many of which in these Cold Countries and for a Great Part of the Year could not be dipped in Water without the hazard of their Lives it was necessary either to Sprinkle them only with Water or not to Baptize them at all Q. What Ground had the Church to admit of Sprinkling as sufficient to answer the Design of this Sacrament A. The Example of the Purifications under the Law which were made as well by Sprinklings as Washings Heb. ix 13 19. The Application of this made by St. Paul to the Spiritual Cleansing of us from our Sins Heb. x. 22 24. And by St. Peter to the same Purpose 1 Pet. i. 2 The Analogy between the Sprinkling of the Water in Baptism and that Sprinkling of the Blood of Christ by which we are Cleansed from our Sins All these as they left a sufficient Latitude to the Church to administer this Sacrament in any of these Ways so the Law of Charity Required that the Church should make Choice of Sprinkling rather than of a total Immersion and we cannot doubt but that the God of Charity does approve of it Mat. ix 13 SECT XLIV YOU said that in Every Sacrament there were Two Parts an Outward and Visible Sign and an Inward and Spiritual Grace Tell me therefore Q. What is the Outward Uisible Sign or Form in Baptism A. Water wherein the Person is Baptized in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Q. Is this Element so necessary a part of this Sacrament that the Church may in no Case depart from it A. It is of Divine Institution and was designed to denote our Spiritual Cleansing by Christ's Blood That as our Bodies are wash'd with and cleansed from their Pollutions by Water so are our Souls purified from Sin by the Blood of Christ And for both these Reasons it is a Necessary and Immutable Part of this Holy Sacrament Q. Is the Form of Baptism necessary to the Administration of this Sacrament A. It is Necessary nor can this Sacrament be duly administred by any Other Q. Was no Other Form ever used in the Apostle's Times A. It is indeed said of Some in those Times who had been Jewish Converts or had Received John's Baptism that they were Baptized in the Name of the Lord Jesus But this does not hinder but that they may have been Baptized as no doubt they were in the Words appointed by Christ for that purpose All it implies is that they were Baptized into the Faith and Gospel of Christ as by comparing the Passages of Scripture together it will Evidently appear See Act. viii 16 x. 48 xix 5 Rom. vi 3 Gal. iii. 7 Q. Are then the Words appointed by Christ so necessary that to Use any Other will destroy the Efficacy of this Sacrament A. That I dot say For as
there any thing more intimated by that Expression A. Yes there is namely that this Sacrament ought not to be Celebrated only Once in the Year as the Passover was but to be Administred from time to time so as to keep up a Constant Lively Remembrance in our Minds of the Sacrifice of the Death of Christ. Q. Wherefore do you call it the Sacrifice of Christ's Death A. Because Christ by his Dying became an an Expiatory Sacrifice for the Sins of Mankind Q. Did Christ then suffer Death for the Forgiveness of our Sins A. He did He took upon him our Sins and died for them that by his Death we might be free'd both from the Guilt and Punishment of them Q. Was it necessary that Christ should die in order to his being such a Sacrifice A. It was necessary for without shedding of Blood there is no Remission Heb. ix 22 And Death being the Punishment of Sin he could no Otherwise have free'd us from Death than by Dying himself in our Stead Q. Can Christ any more Suffer or Die now since his Rising from the Dead A. No St. Paul expresly tells us that he cannot Rom. vi 9 10. Christ being Raised from the Dead dieth no more Death hath no more Dominion over him For in that he died he died unto Sin Once but in that he liveth he liveth unto God Q. How then do those of the Church of Rome say that he is again Offer'd for Us as a true and proper Sacrifice in this Holy Sacrament A. This Sacrament is not a Renewal or Repetition of Christ's Sacrifice but only a Solemn Memorial and Exhibition of it To talk of an Expiatory Sacrifice for Sin without Suffering is not only contrary to Scripture but is in the Nature of the thing its self Absurd and Unreasonable Every Sacrifice being put in the Place of the Person for whom it is offer'd and to be treated so as that Person in Rigour ought to have been had not God admitted of a Sacrifice in his stead And therefore the Apostle from hence concludes that Christ could not be more than Once Offer'd because he could but Once Suffer But to suppose that Christ in his present Glorified State can Suffer is such a Contradiction to all the Principles of our Religion that the Papists themselves are ashamed to assert it Q. What think you of the Sacrifice as they call it of the Mass A. We do not deny but that in a large Sense this Sacrament may be called a Sacrifice as the Bread and Wine may be called the Body and Blood of Christ. But that this Sacrament should be a true and proper Sacrifice as they define the Sacrifice of the Mass to be it is altogether False and Impious to assert Q. What was then the Design of our Saviour in this Institution A. To leave to his Church a Perpetual Solemn and Sacred Memorial of his Death for Us. That as often as we come to the Lord's Table and there join in the Celebration of this Holy Sacrament we might be moved by what is there done at once both to Call to Our Remembrance all the Passages of his Passion to consider him as there set forth Crucified before our Eyes and to Meditate upon the Love of Christ thus dying for Us and upon the mighty Benefits and Advantages which have accrued to Us thereby SECT XLVII Q. YOU before said that in Every Sacrament there must be Two Parts an Outward and an Inward What is therefore the Outward Part or Sign of the Lord's Supper A. Bread and Wine which the Lord hath Commanded to be Received Q. Did Christ Institute this Sacrament in Both these A. Yes He did He first took Bread gave Thanks and Brake it saying Take Eat this is my Body which is broken for you This do in Remembrance of me And then After the same Manner he took the Cup saying This Cup is the New Testament in my Blood This do ye as oft as ye drink it in Remembrance of me 1 Cor. xi 24 25. Q. For what End did Christ appoint these Outward Signs of this Sacrament A. The Words of his Institution plainly shew it that those who celebrate this Sacrament might Eat of the One and Drink of the Other at his Table Q. Is it necessary for all those who join in this Holy Sacrament both to Eat of that Bread and to Drink of that Cup A. It is so necessary that they cannot without violating our Saviour's Institution come to to the Holy Table unless they do it For Christ appointed Both to be taken and he who takes not the Cup as well as Bread does not Communicate in Christ's Body and Blood at all Q. May not a Person who only looks on and sees the Priest Officiate Commemorate Christ's Death and meditate upon the Benefits of it as well as if he received the Elements of Bread and Wine A. I will answer your Question with Another May not a Person who is not Baptized when he sees that Holy Sacrament administred be truly penitent for his Sins and believe in Christ and desire to be Regenerated and Adopted into the Communion of his Church as fully as if he were himself wash'd with the Water of Baptism But yet the bare looking on in this Case would not intitule such a One to the Grace of Regeneration nor will it any more intitule the Other to the Communion of Christ's Body and Blood In all these Cases the Question is not what we think we might do but what Christ has commanded us to do And we must observe what he Requires if ever we mean to be made Partakers of what he Promises Now that in the present Instance is not idly to look on but to do this i. e. to Eat this Bread and Drink of this Cup in Remembrance of Him Q. Do you think it necessary that Every Communicant should Receive this Sacrament in Both Kinds A. I do think it Necessary for so our Saviour has appointed it Thus he gave it to his Disciples and thus they Received it at his Hands Q. But his Disciples were Priests and therefore their Receiving this Sacrament in both Kinds does not argue that it is necessary for the People to do likewise A. Whether all who were then present at the Table with our Saviour were Priests is very Uncertain The Blessed Virgin we are sure was at that time at Jerusalem and no doubt did eat the Passover according to the Law with him yet she was certainly but a Lay Communicant And many Others for ought we know there might be in the same Circumstances But not to insist upon this Our Saviour made no distinction between Priests and Lay Communicants as to the Business of Receiving of this Sacrament in One or Both Kinds He Gave both the Bread and Wine himself to All that were at the Table and He has left a General Commandment to Us to do likewise And his Words and his Action together evidently