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body_n choose_v cold_a great_a 52 3 2.1199 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A40990 Fruit-walls improved, by inclining them to the horizon, or, A way to build walls for fruit-trees whereby they may receive more sun shine, and heat, than ordinary / by a member of the Royal Society. Fatio de Duillier, Nicolas, 1664-1753. 1699 (1699) Wing F557; ESTC R5191 76,970 164

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now_o describe_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v yet_o this_o phenomenon_n may_v effect_n at_o sometime_o by_o the_o supervention_n of_o a_o thick_a and_o heavy_a smoke_n grow_v denser_n about_o the_o sun_n than_o at_o other_o time_n tho'_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o spread_v but_o to_o the_o same_o place_n and_o seem_v not_o to_o increase_v in_o thickness_n so_o that_o our_o heat_n in_o our_o summer_n may_v very_o much_o alter_v without_o our_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v any_o change_n in_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o phenomenon_n which_o be_v the_o only_a part_n visible_a to_o we_o unless_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v total_o eclipse_v and_o give_v we_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o day_n a_o image_n of_o a_o dark_a night_n some_o direction_n relate_v to_o fruit_n wall_n let_v the_o rule_n and_o direction_n give_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr la_fw-fr quintinye_a be_v suppose_v here_o discourse_n as_o the_o main_a foundation_n of_o our_o hope_n in_o raise_v fruit_n tree_n to_o which_o rule_n must_v be_v join_v those_o that_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o present_a discourse_n and_o to_o the_o whole_a the_o follow_a maxim_n may_v be_v yet_o add_v some_o of_o they_o be_v only_o a_o abridgement_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a and_o some_o other_o be_v yet_o untouched_a let_v all_o your_o wall_n be_v plain_a straight_o and_o straight_o on_o both_o side_n if_o they_o be_v to_o stand_v by_o themselves_o side_n without_o any_o earth_n or_o terrasse_n on_o either_o side_n let_v they_o be_v thick_a at_o bottom_n than_o at_o top_n where_o they_o must_v end_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o edge_n that_o edge_n xix_o which_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n shall_v stand_v over_o the_o middle_a of_o its_o thickness_n
objection_n from_o mounseur_fw-fr la_fw-fr quintinye'_v english_a translation_n solve_v p._n 68_o account_v of_o a_o amphitheatre_n with_o slope_v wall_n ibid._n and_o of_o some_o melon_n and_o other_o fruit_n heat_v with_o convex_a glass_n p._n 69_o the_o fault_n of_o vine_n that_o be_v common_o make_v to_o grow_v against_o a_o roof_n or_o the_o cope_a of_o a_o wall_n ibid._n judgement_n of_o those_o and_o all_o other_o such_o trial_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n p._n 70_o caution_n against_o too_o much_o heat_n slope_v wall_n be_v like_a to_o procure_v ibid._n frame_v call_v espalier_n by_o the_o french_a recommend_v to_o take_v off_o some_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n and_o to_o give_v more_o liberty_n to_o tree_n p._n 71_o a_o method_n for_o choose_v the_o elevation_n of_o a_o slope_v wall_n in_o any_o exposition_n whatsoever_o p._n 72_o the_o heat_n sensible_o the_o same_o upon_o a_o south_n or_o upon_o a_o north_n slope_v wall_n tho'_o a_o little_a decline_a from_o the_o true_a north_n or_o south_n p._n 75_o a_o singular_a sort_n of_o maximums_n and_o minimums_n very_o different_a from_o those_o that_o be_v common_o consider_v ibid._n the_o same_o in_o some_o measure_n already_o observe_v by_o other_o ibid._n the_o ground_n of_o the_o forego_n method_n p._n 76_o experience_n must_v also_o be_v consult_v ibid._n of_o wall_n that_o be_v not_o smooth_a ibid._n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o wall_n give_v the_o heat_n proportional_a to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n elevation_n upon_o it_o ibid._n but_o if_o there_o be_v the_o method_n of_o calculate_v the_o heat_n upon_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a p._n 77_o and_o slope_v wall_n will_v be_v yet_o very_o advantageous_a even_o in_o that_o supposition_n tho'_o less_o than_o before_o p._n 77_o of_o a_o wall_n give_v a_o mean_a proportional_a heat_n between_o such_o a_o wall_n as_o this_o and_o a_o plane_n wall_n ibid._n a_o smooth_a wall_n compare_v with_o a_o rough_a wall_n p._n 78_o how_o to_o make_v a_o brick_n wall_n smooth_a ibid._n of_o a_o slope_v wall_n with_o semicylindrical_a furrow_n upon_o it_o p._n 79_o these_o furrow_n compare_v with_o a_o plane_n wall_n of_o the_o same_o breadth_n with_o they_o ibid._n measure_v of_o the_o heat_n upon_o a_o semicylindrical_a space_n p._n 81_o a_o account_n of_o a_o table_n give_v from_o 40_o to_o 67_o degree_n latitude_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n in_o the_o solstice_n upon_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o a_o slope_v south_n wall_n ibid._n the_o use_n of_o slope_v wall_n in_o very_o hot_a country_n in_o such_o situation_n as_o be_v high_a be_v natural_o temperate_a or_o cold_a ibid._n the_o table_n itself_o and_o its_o explication_n p._n 82_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n example_n for_o paris_n p._n 84_o of_o south_n wall_n that_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n than_o the_o wall_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n p._n 85_o perpendicular_a and_o slope_v south_n wall_n may_v be_v well_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o same_o but_o not_o in_o different_a climate_n ibid._n of_o some_o other_o advantage_n of_o slope_v wall_n p._n 86_o in_o reference_n to_o dew_n and_o rain_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o east_n wall_n ibid._n in_o reference_n to_o frost_n occasion_v by_o the_o earth_n transpire_v some_o moisture_n p._n 87_o or_o by_o the_o cold_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n drive_v with_o the_o wind_n and_o stick_v upon_o tree_n ibid._n the_o grow_v of_o fruit_n extend_v to_o more_o country_n and_o place_n ibid._n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o ripeness_n and_o use_v for_o man_n to_o more_o day_n in_o the_o year_n p._n 88_o ordinary_a wall_n compare_v among_o themselves_o and_o with_o slope_v wall_n as_o to_o the_o forwardness_n of_o their_o fruit_n ibid._n the_o certainty_n make_v great_a of_o our_o latter_a fruit_n come_v to_o perfection_n p._n 89_o slope_n of_o earth_n for_o small_a plant_n ibid._n of_o the_o divide_v a_o main_a slope_n into_o many_o small_a one_o ibid._n of_o shape_a the_o level_n or_o ordinary_a ground_n into_o very_o large_a furrow_n run_v east_n and_o west_n with_o a_o gentle_a slope_n southwards_o and_o a_o steep_a one_o northwards_o or_o contrary_a wise_a in_o order_n to_o increase_v or_o diminish_v a_o little_a the_o sun_n heat_n ibid._n application_n of_o this_o practice_n to_o use_v p._n 91._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o heat_n upon_o the_o north_n and_o south_n side_n of_o mountain_n hill_n and_o down_n ibid._n the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o any_o place_n do_v not_o very_o easy_o spread_v into_o the_o next_o air._n p._n 92_o nor_o the_o reflect_a heat_n spend_v itself_o so_o fast_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_o feel_v ibid._n our_o european_a plant_n grow_v natural_o upon_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o west-indies_n in_o such_o place_n where_o the_o heat_n be_v fit_v to_o their_o several_a nature_n p._n 93_o a_o account_n of_o a_o slope_n where_o extraordinary_a strawberry_n be_v say_v to_o grow_v ibid._n advantage_n of_o slope_v wall_n in_o such_o day_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v for_o some_o hour_n only_o p._n 94_o advantage_n of_o incline_v slope_v wall_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o climate_n situation_n and_o exposition_n ibid._n advantage_n of_o terrace_n with_o slope_v wall_n in_o reference_n to_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o good_a earth_n which_o be_v easy_o procure_v p._n 95._o description_n of_o a_o garden_n for_o fruit_n according_a to_o the_o present_a theory_n ibid._n the_o use_n of_o make_v the_o outside_n wall_n thick_a at_o bottom_n than_o at_o top_n p._n 96_o a_o kind_n of_o canal_n or_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o garden_n from_o too_o much_o water_n ibid._n measure_n of_o the_o slope_n which_o be_v respective_o make_v equal_a but_o be_v make_v different_a they_o may_v be_v better_o fit_v for_o several_a fruit_n p._n 98_o a_o table_n show_v the_o height_n elevation_n and_o base_n of_o the_o wall_n p._n 99_o measure_n for_o the_o ground_n plat_v take_v across_o the_o garden_n p._n 100_o of_o a_o garden_n for_o vine_n only_o it_o require_v but_o small_a terrace_n p._n 103_o of_o the_o number_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n the_o garden_n can_v hold_v from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v estimate_v the_o number_n of_o its_o fruit_n ibid._n a_o table_n show_v the_o height_n and_o length_n and_o exposition_n of_o the_o wall_n p._n 104_o short_a table_n give_v the_o result_n of_o the_o former_a p._n 105_o some_o supposition_n take_v from_o mounseur_fw-fr la_fw-fr quintinye_a ibid._n by_o which_o a_o table_n be_v make_v of_o the_o number_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n the_o garden_n will_v have_v p._n 106_o 3½_n vine_n to_o be_v substitute_v for_o one_o tree_n p._n 107_o general_n sum_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n and_o vine_n in_o the_o garden_n ibid._n of_o terrace_n for_o vine_n only_o ibid._n vine_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v very_o low_a ibid._n of_o a_o large_a terrasse_n part_v into_o two_o for_o vine_n p._n 108_o the_o garden_n will_v not_o hold_v so_o many_o tree_n as_o it_o will_v if_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v within_o the_o ordinary_a size_n ibid._n the_o tree_n in_o it_o will_v grow_v very_o large_a and_o why_o ibid._n and_o must_v be_v far_o asunder_o ibid._n yet_o will_v not_o yield_v a_o less_o crop_n of_o fruit_n p._n 109_o they_o will_v be_v more_o last_a ibid._n a_o guest_n at_o their_o distance_n ibid._n proportion_n of_o the_o london_n foot_n to_o that_o of_o paris_n ibid._n a_o draught_n of_o the_o garden_n in_o perspective_n ibid._n division_n of_o a_o large_a garden_n by_o some_o canal_n into_o four_o or_o sixteen_o little_a garden_n or_o any_o other_o number_n p._n 110_o this_o will_v yield_v the_o earth_n necessary_a for_o the_o terrace_n ibid._n and_o either_o give_v different_a pond_n for_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n or_o else_o open_a the_o way_n by_o boat_n among_o the_o garden_n 111_o and_o leave_v also_o a_o footway_n into_o they_o all_o p._n 111_o any_o ordinary_a gentleman_n may_v have_v a_o few_o terrace_n or_o slope_n well_o expose_v p._n 112_o a_o trial_n of_o slope_v wall_n not_o to_o be_v depend_v upon_o unless_o make_v by_o a_o very_a good_a artist_n ibid._n a_o good_a culture_n more_o significant_a than_o a_o good_a exposition_n p._n 113_o slope_v wall_n very_o necessary_a while_o our_o summer_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o cold_a ibid._n the_o cause_n of_o that_o change_n in_o our_o season_n refer_v to_o a_o phenomenon_n like_o smoke_n that_o incompass_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v see_v to_o spread_v a_o exceed_a great_a way_n from_o it_o p._n 114_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o that_o smoke_n p._n 115_o how_o to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o space_n it_o lie_v in_o ibid._n it_o may_v grow_v thick_a and_o
be_v high_a be_v natural_o temperate_a or_o cold_a the_o table_n itself_o and_o its_o explication_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n example_n for_o paris_n of_o south_n wall_n that_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o the_o horizon_n than_o the_o wall_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n perpendicular_a and_o slope_v south_n wall_n may_v be_v well_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o same_o but_o not_o in_o different_a climate_n of_o some_o other_o advantage_n of_o slope_v wall_n in_o reference_n to_o dew_n and_o rain_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o east_n wall_n in_o reference_n to_o frost_n occasion_v by_o the_o earth_n transpire_v sonte_n moisture_n or_o by_o the_o cold_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n drive_v with_o the_o wind_n and_o stick_v upon_o tree_n the_o grow_v of_o fruit_n extend_v to_o more_o country_n and_o place_n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o ripeness_n and_o use_v for_o man_n to_o more_o day_n in_o the_o year_n ordinary_a wall_n compare_v among_o themselves_o and_o with_o slope_v wall_n as_o to_o the_o forwardness_n of_o their_o fruit_n the_o certainty_n make_v great_a of_o our_o latter_a fruit_n come_v to_o perfection_n slope_n of_o earth_n for_o small_a plant_n of_o the_o divide_v a_o main_a slope_n into_o many_o small_a one_o fig._n xv._n of_o shape_a the_o level_n or_o ordinary_a ground_n into_o very_o large_a furrow_n run_v east_n and_o west_n with_o a_o gentle_a slope_n southwards_o and_o a_o steep_a one_o northwards_o or_o contrariwise_o in_o order_n to_o increase_v or_o diminish_v a_o little_a the_o sun_n heat_n fig._n xviii_o application_n of_o this_o practice_n to_o use_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o heat_n upon_o the_o north_n and_o south_n side_n of_o mountain_n hill_n and_o down_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o any_o place_n do_v not_o very_o easy_o spread_v into_o the_o next_o air._n nor_o the_o reflect_a heat_n spend_v itself_o so_o fast_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_o feel_v a_o account_n of_o a_o slope_n where_o extraordinary_a strawberry_n be_v say_v to_o grow_v advantage_n of_o slope_v wall_n in_o such_o day_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v for_o some_o hour_n only_o advantage_n of_o incline_v slope_v wall_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o climate_n situation_n and_o exposition_n advantage_n of_o terrace_n with_o slope_v wall_n in_o reference_n to_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o good_a earth_n which_o be_v easy_o procure_v fig._n xvi_o description_n of_o a_o garden_n for_o fruit_n according_a to_o the_o present_a theory_n the_o use_n of_o make_v the_o outside_n wall_n thick_a at_o bottom_n than_o at_o top_n a_o kind_n of_o channel_n or_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o garden_n from_o too_o much_o water_n measure_n of_o the_o slope_n which_o be_v respective_o make_v equal_a but_o be_v make_v different_a they_o may_v be_v better_o fit_v for_o several_a fruit_n a_o table_n show_v the_o height_n elevation_n and_o base_n of_o the_o wall_n measure_n for_o the_o ground_n plat_v take_v across_o the_o garden_n of_o a_o garden_n for_o vine_n only_o it_o require_v but_o small_a terrace_n of_o the_o number_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n the_o garden_n can_v hold_v from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v estimate_v the_o number_n of_o its_o fruit_n a_o table_n show_v the_o height_n and_o length_n and_o exposition_n of_o the_o wall_n short_a table_n give_v the_o result_n of_o the_o former_a some_o supposition_n take_v from_o mounseur_fw-fr la_fw-fr quintinye_a by_o which_o a_o table_n be_v make_v of_o the_o number_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n the_o garden_n will_v have_v 3½_n vine_n to_o be_v substitute_v for_o one_o tree_n general_n sum_n of_o ordinary_a tree_n and_o vine_n in_o the_o garden_n of_o terrace_n for_o vine_n only_o vine_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v very_o low_a la_fw-fr quintinye_a of_o a_o large_a terrasse_n part_v into_o two_o for_o vine_n fig._n xvii_o fig._n xvi_o the_o garden_n will_v not_o hold_v so_o many_o tree_n as_o it_o will_v if_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v within_o the_o ordinary_a size_n the_o tree_n in_o it_o will_v grow_v very_o large_a and_o why_o and_o must_v be_v far_o asunder_o yet_o will_v not_o yield_v a_o less_o crop_n of_o fruit_n they_o will_v be_v more_o last_a a_o guess_n at_o their_o distance_n see_v la_fw-fr quintinye_a vol._n ii_o p._n 294._o and_o vol._n l._n p._n 208._o etc._n etc._n proportion_n of_o the_o london_n foot_n to_o that_o of_o paris_n a_o draught_n of_o the_o garden_n in_o perspective_n pag._n 1._o division_n of_o a_o large_a garden_n by_o some_o canal_n into_o four_o or_o sixteen_o little_a garden_n or_o any_o other_o number_n this_o will_v yield_v the_o earth_n necessary_a for_o the_o terrace_n and_o either_o give_v different_a pond_n for_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n or_o else_o open_a the_o way_n by_o boat_n among_o the_o garden_n and_o leave_v also_o a_o foot_n way_n into_o they_o all_o any_o ordinary_a gentleman_n may_v have_v a_o few_o terrace_n or_o slope_n well_o expose_v a_o trial_n of_o slope_v wall_n not_o to_o be_v depend_v upon_o unless_o make_v by_o a_o very_a good_a artist_n a_o good_a culture_n more_o significant_a than_o a_o good_a exposition_n slope_v wall_n very_o necessary_a while_o our_o summer_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o cold_a the_o cause_n of_o that_o change_n in_o our_o season_n refer_v to_o a_o phenomenon_n like_o smoak_n that_o incompass_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v see_v to_o spread_v a_o exceed_a great_a way_n from_o it_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o that_o smoke_n how_o to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o space_n it_o lie_v in_o it_o may_v grow_v thick_a and_o yet_o not_o be_v perceive_v to_o have_v change_v except_o perhaps_o by_o its_o effect_n direction_n about_o garden_n wall_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v from_o monsieur_n la_fw-fr quintinye_a and_o the_o present_a discourse_n let_v your_o wall_n be_v straight_o how_o they_o must_v be_v if_o they_o stand_v by_o themselves_o without_o any_o earth_n on_o either_o side_n fig._n xix_o how_o if_o they_o rest_v against_o a_o terrasse_n or_o slope_n of_o earth_n fig._n xx._n let_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o terrace_n be_v thorough_o settle_v the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o slope_v wall_n their_o inclination_n of_o a_o broad_a terrasse_n and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v fig._n xxi_o fig._n xxii_o when_o its_o side_n be_v almost_o equal_o lean_v fig._n xxiii_o fig._n xxiv_o and_o when_o the_o terrasse_n run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o ground_n of_o alley_n for_o fruit_n may_v be_v make_v slope_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o north_n wall_n may_v be_v leave_v bare_a and_o herb_n sow_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o earth_n be_v keep_v rest_v in_o order_n to_o renew_v that_o of_o the_o south_n wall_n slope_n prefer_v to_o wall_n if_o you_o can_v have_v but_o one_o slope_n give_v it_o the_o best_a exposition_n of_o a_o slope_n round_o the_o garden_n of_o a_o terrasse_n round_o the_o garden_n of_o more_o terrace_n in_o the_o garden_n of_o flat_a and_o sharp_a terrace_n description_n of_o a_o walk_n very_o well_o secure_v from_o wind_n fig._n ii_o iii_n of_o the_o disposition_n the_o root_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o slope_v wall_n description_n of_o a_o ladder_n to_o be_v use_v about_o slope_v wall_n of_o harbour_n and_o summer_n house_n in_o our_o large_a garden_n fig._n xvi_o of_o ornament_n of_o architecture_n in_o a_o wall_n altogether_o smooth_a