and true Blood c. 5. Then he delivers Bread by it self and Wine mingled with Water to represent the Water and Blood that issued out of our Saviour's side 6. They admit Children of 7 Years to this Sacrament F. Simon 7. The Bread is leaven'd with a Cross on it Abyssins They receive some Weekly some Monthly but always at Church Fasting and towards the Evening on Fasting-Days They never spit that Day on which they receive In crowded Churches Priest and Sub-Priest Deacon and Sub-Deacon all help and read Several Prayers at the use of several Vessels and variety of Actions Some bring Offerings Bread Oil c. to be distributed to the Poor They administer in both Kinds to both Clergy and Laity and have been very angry with the Latines for denying the Cup to the Laity Lud. They admit not the Doctrine of Transubstantiation or real presence but when the words of their Liturgy are objected e. g. Lord now lay thy hand upon this Dish bless it and Sanctifie it that so thy Body may be made Holy therein And again Convert this Bread that it may become thy pure Body which is join'd with this Cup of thy most precious Blood c. They answer Retzitze nagare vet i. e. 'T is a nice business Or Mastar vet i. e. 't is a Mystery In short one Gregory a Native of Abyssinia told my Author Ludolphus That his Countrey men were not so scrupulous Ludolph Georgians 1. They Consecrate in wooden Chalices 2. They give the Communion to Children when dying 3. Others at Age receive but seldom 4. They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Light or Attendance 5. On some Holy-days the Priests together assist at the Mass of the Bishop who gives them the Sacrament in their hands and they themselves carry it to their Mouths Christians of St. John 1. They use Flour kneaded with Wine and Oil. 2. They use no other form of Consecration then only some long Prayers to praise and thank God at the same time blessing the Bread and VVine never making mention of his Body and Blood 3. The Priest takes the Bread and having eaten some of it distributes the rest to the People M. Tavern v. post Mengrelians The Papa's of Mengrelia keep the Eucharist in a little bag of Leather or Cloth which they tie to their Girdle and carry it about them whithersoever they go to be made use of upon occasions when they are to give the Viaticum to the Sick Yea they give it to others Men or VVomen to carry c. Armenians 1. They use leaven'd Bread 2. They mingle no Water with their Wine 3. Consecrate in wooden and earthen Dishes 4. Give the Communion to Children and at Weddings to the Married couple 3. They never Communicate without singing and playing on great Cymbals called Hambarzon D. of Holst Emb. But now saith Tavernier they spare no cost to adorn the Choir and Altar you tread upon rich Carpets c. From the Body of the Church to the Choir is usually an Ascent of 5 or 6 Steps Nestorians They consecrate in leaven'd bread They put into their bread salt and oyl using a great many prayers Indians 1. They Communicate on Holy Thursday and other Festivals 2. They use no other preparation then coming to the Sacrament fasting Others say 3. They consecrate with little Cakes made with oyl and Salt which the Deacons and other inferior Church-men baked in a Copper vessel singing several Psalms and Hymns whilst they were a baking And when they are ready to Consecrate through a hole in the floor of that little Tower wherein they baked they let the Cake in a little basket made of leaves slide down upon the Altar 4. Their wine is only water with dry grapes infused 5. He that serves at Mass wears a Stole over his ordinary cloaths tho no Deacon 6. The same hath always a Censer in his hand and saith almost as many prayers as he that Celebrates Cophties 1. They never Communicate in private places 2. The Priest at Communion breaks the bread in form of a Cross and puts it into the wine eating 3 morsels and drinking 3 spoonfuls 3. They consecrate in leaven'd bread which they call Baraca i. e. benediction before consecration and Corban or Communion afterwards 4. They use little loaves as big as a Crown piece whereof they bake many the night before the Liturgy and at the end of Mass distribute them to those who have been present 5. They use not Tavern-wine as prophane but private or water with raisins infused 6. They never confess or Communicate but in Lent 7. They Communicate in both kinds 8. They give wine in a spoon 9. They give the Communion to children after baptsim 10. Vanslebio reports that at the Elevation of the Host they knock their breasts cast themselves on the ground make the sign of the cross and move their cap a little F. Sim. Maronites 1. They consecrate with unleaven'd bread tho probably this but of late since their submission to Rome Abyssins 1. The Abuna Papas or Metropolitan Consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and sent out of Egypt They take Ordination many times with Tears in their Eyes by reason of the Turkish Vexations Their only Qualification is only to be able to read Arabic The Fathers of the Society tell us of a sad tool in their time a Miller Of these there are Four of equal Power and Dignity No Bishops nor Arch-bishops 2. Icegue the Governor of the Monks 3. Comos Overseers of the principal Churches 4. Depterat or Canons who look to their Musick 5. Nebrat or Dean 6. Kasis or Priest 7. Sub-priest 8. Deacon 9. Subdeacon All carry a Cross in their hands Georgians They Confess twice in their Life 1. At Marriage 2. Death Their Confession is in three or four words Muscovites Before the Sacrament they Confess in the midst of the Church before an Image all their Particular Sins at every sin expressing remorse and promising Amendment Absolution is granted with the Assignation of certain Penances as saying Gospodi Pomilui several times making several reverences before the Saints abstaining from Women for a time standing at the Church-door using of Holy Water which the Priests Consecrate on Twelfth-day and not to be had of them for nothing this water they think hath the vertue to cleanse them from all their sins D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Ahassins Account confession one of their seven sacraments But they neither confess the number nor the particular species of their sins but cry in general I have sinned I have sinned absan absan Insomuch that when the Roman Priests press'd them to particular confession they never acknowledged any more then three if they had been guilty Homicide Adultery and Theft The offender is absolved in few words together with some gentle stripes upon the side with an Olive Twig but for those great crimes before mention'd they are many times severely scourged Ludolph The Metropolitan sometimes hears
Shirt hangs a Cross about his Neck to be kept 'till Death D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Modern Heathens The Baptism of the Persees in East-India is thus So soon as one is born the Daroo is called upon who delays not but being instructed in the precise time of his Nativity calculates his Fortune the Daroo gives the Name the Mother assenting to it This done they haste together to the Eggaree where the Priest puts a little Water into the Bark of a Tree the Name of which is Holme the place it grows in Yezd not far from Spahawn a Tree that Zertoost blessed a Tree which they say yields no shadow The Water out of this hallowed Rind being pured upon the Infant a Prayer is then made that it may be cleansed from all impurity At 7 years of Age the Child is Confirmed by the Daroo and taught to say his Prayers over the Fire but with his Mouth and Nostrils cover'd lest his sinful Breath offend the Deity after which he drinks a little cold Water chaws a Pomegranate-Leaf washes in a Tank cloaths his Body with a fine Shuddero reaching to his Waste ties a Zone of Cushee about his Loins woven with Inkle of the Herboods making which he wears ever after and after a short Prayer that he may never prove an Apostate but continue a Fire-Worshipper that he may eat no Man's Meat nor drink any Man's Drink but his own he is ever after reputed a Believer Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia Concerning the Bannyans see in the First Book Ch. Sacram. Amboyna In Amboyna though Worshippers of the Devil they Circumcise at Twelve or Thirteen Years of Age c. Mandelslo Sachion In Sachion the Tartars dedicate their Children to their Idols and on Festival-Days Sacrifice Rams for their Childrens Preservation Rosse Guinea In Guinea the Priests besprinkle their Infants after Sermon with Water wherein a Newt doth swim Rosse Loango In Loango Circumcision is used Idem And in Madagascar also and Jucatan Armenians The Armenians thus Consecrate and Administer the Sacrament 1. They set the Consecrated Bread on the Altar 2. The Arch-Bishop reads the Mass for the Ceremony 3. At reading the Gospel they light abundance of Wax-tapers 4. After the Gospel several of the Noviciates take Sticks in their hands about 5 Foot long at the end whereof are Latten Plates with little Bells hanging about them which when they are shaked sound like Cymbals 5. Other Noviciates hold a Copper Plate in their hands hung about with Bells which they strike one against another and at the same time the Ecclesiasticks and Laity sing together indifferent harmoniously 6. All this while the Arch-bishop hath two Bishops on each side of him who are in the room of a Dean and a Sub-dean 7. By and by he goes and unlocks a Window in the Wall on the Gospel side and takes out the Chalice where the Wine is 8. Then with all his Musick he takes a turn about the Altar on which he at length sets down the Chalice saying certain Prayers 9. With the Chalice in his hand and the Bread upon the Chalice he turns towards the People who presently Prostrate themselves upon the ground beat their Breasts and kiss the Earth while the Arch-bishop pronounces This is the Lord who gave his Body and Blood for you 10. Then he turns towards the Altar and eats the Bread dipt in the Wine For they never drink the Wine 11. He turns towards the People with the Bread and Chalice in his hand and they that will receive come one after another to the bottom of the Choir to whom he gives the Bread dipt as before The bread is without Leaven flat and round about as thick as a Crown and as big as the Host of the Mass being Consecrated the day before by the Priest whose Office it is M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 9. They never put Water in their Wine When they come to the Communion the Arch-bishop or Priest says these words I confess and believe that this is the Body and Blood of the Son of God who takes away the sins of the World who is not only ours but the Salvation of all mankind He repeats these words three times the people saying after him word for word ibid. They give the Communion to Children of two or three Months old which the Mothers bring in their Arms tho many times the Children put it out of their Mouths again ibid. They never administer in Lent for then they never say Mass but on Sunday noon which they call Low Mass at which time they never see the Priest who hath a Curtain drawn before the Altar and only reads the Gospel and Creed aloud The Armenians Baptize infants on Sunday except in danger of Life the Midwife carrying the Infant to Church where the Bishop or Priest plunges it naked in the water and returns it to the Godfather going on with his Prayers and twists a double string one of white Cotton another of red silk signifying the Blood and Water which flowed from the Body of Christ about the Child's neck then he anoints the Child and crosseth it in the several places where the Oyl dropped saying I Baptize thee in the Name of Father Son and Holy Ghost The Forehead Chin Stomach Arm-holes Hands and Feet are anointed The Patriarch makes this Oyl every year on the Eve of our Lady in September after a small Lent of eight days of several fragrant Flowers and Aromatical Drugs but the principal is called Balassau-Jague or flower of paradise When 't is made two bottles are sent to all the Convents of Asia Europe and Africa When the Ceremony of baptism is over the Godfather returns home with the Infant in his arms and a Taper of white wax in each hand attended with trumpets drums haut-boys which go before to the parents house where the Godfather delivers the child to the mother she prostrating her self before the Godfather and kissing his feet he her head the minister names the child according to the Name of the Saint of that day in their Almanack Afterwards they Feast The poorer sort carry the Child to Church on the Week-days without any Ceremony with Tears in their Eyes pretending it to be sickly and like to die and so make no Feasts at all If Women lye in 15 or 20 days before Christmas they often defer till the Festival then in all the Cities and Villages where the Armenians live if there be any river or pond they spread 2 or 3 Flat-bottom'd Boats with carpets to walk upon and in one of them set up an Altar and in the Morning by Sun-rising all the Armenian Clergy of that Town or City and Parts adjoyning get into the Boats in their Habits with the Cross and Banner dip the Cross in the Water 3 times and every time drop the Holy Oyl upon it then plunge the Infant and anoint him 3 times saying I Baptize c. The King of Persia is many times present at the Ceremony when
and if that will not do his Children Tavernier l. 3. c. 9. Muscovites There is no Craft or Cheat but the Muscovites make use of it rather to circumvent others than to prevent being deceived themselves Yet they make Conscience to retain what is paid them more than their due and return what they have received by mistake But they think it no Sin in their Dealings to surprize those who Trade with them giving this reason That the Merchant is to make his Advantage of the Wit and Industry God hath bestowed on him or never meddle with Traffick Accordingly when some Muscovites found themselves over-reached notoriously by a Dutch Merchant they desired better acquaintance with him looking upon him and applauding him for a very Ingenious Man hoping to get some Secret out of him D. of Holstein 's Amb. Trav. And because Cheating cannot be exercised without Treachery Lying and Distrust they are marvellously well versed in these Qualities as also in the Lectures of Calumny which they commonly make use of against those on whom they would be revenged for Theft which among them is the most enormous of all Crimes and the most severely punished Idem Such as cannot pay their Debts are first put into the Sergeants House till a further time if he pay not then he is carried to Prison every day brought out and beat upon the Shin-bone by the common Executioner with a Wand for a whole hour together and then to Prison again till next day c. And this upon all sorts of Persons Subjects or Foreigners Men or Women Priests or Laicks Idem Abassines See afterwards under the Title of Care of Mens Bodies Mahometans and Indians By the Laws of India they imprison for debt and hang fetters on them Many times they will sell their persons who are the Debtors and wives and children into bondage when they cannot satisfy their debts The Hindoes are so very just in their dealings that if a man will put it to their Consciences to sell the Commodity as low as they can they will deal honestly and squarely with him But if a man offer them much less then the price they will presently say what dost thou think me a Christian that would go about to deceive thee The great Mogul will himself sit as Judge in matters of Consequence that happen near him They proceed in their Tryals Socundum allegata probata They punish Theft and Murder with death and what kind of Death the Judge pleaseth to appoint Some are hanged beheaded empailed and put on stakes torn in peices by wild Beasts killed by Elephants stung with Snakes No Malefactors lie above one night in prison Sometimes not all but are speedily brought upon trial and so to Execution The Mahometans are prohibited by their Alcoran to lend Money upon Usury and with them it is a very great Sin and they are very careful to abstain from it yet some of them make such Bargains as differ little from Usury M. de Thevenot Sultan Amurat disguising himself would go sometimes to a Baker's Shop and buy Bread and sometimes to a Butcher's for Meat and one day a Butcher offering to sell Meat above the Rate which he had set he made a sign to the Executioner who presently cut off his Head Idem He beheaded two in one day for Smoaking Tobacco I saw a Man who sold Snow at five Deniers the Pound receive Blows on the Soles of his Feet because his Weight was not exactly full Another having sold a Child a double worth of Onions and the Officers of the Market meeting this Child and finding that he had not enough went to that Man and gave him thirty blows with a Cudgel Idem The Chinese punish Murder and Theft with Death Sir Tho. Herb. Their Justice is Severe their Prisons strong and Executions quick Persians It was ordinary with Scha-Abbas King of Persia to go incognito into the Markets and examine their Weights and Wares and punish the Guilty severely One day at Ardebil he caused to be put into a red-hot Oven a Baker who refused to sell Bread to the Poor under Pretence of keeping it for Abbas and his Soldiers He caused a Butcher to be hung by the Back upon his own Hooks for that he found his Weights too light D. of Holstein 's Amb. Japon The Japonese punish all manner of Theft with Death Tavernier's Collect. p. 4. Love to the Brethren Jews THE Jews have such a care of one another that they never suffer any of their Communion to want long but make Collections in their Synagogues for such as are in any Poverty or Distress and this with as much care for their Reputation and Credit as may be Christians See how these Christians love one another the Proverbial Remark of the Heathens Tertull. Ap. c. 39. Fraternity was a word much used by Christians in those times Heathens accused Christians for having privy marks on their Bodies whereby they fell in love with each other at first sight Min. Fel. They never met but they embraced and saluted mutually with a Holy Kiss not only in their own Houses but at their Religious Assemblies It was common with the Primitive Christians to send the Eucharist from one Church to another though differing in some little Circumstances also from House to House and from Country to Country which pieces of the Eucharist they kept in some decent place of the House against all Emergent Occasions to fortifie their Faith and increase their Kindness yea and as some think to entertain their Friends with before every Meal c. But by the Laodic Synod this was abolished Can. 14. and the Eulogie pieces of Bread which remained of the Peoples Offerings solemnly blessed by the Bishop appointed in their room to be sent to Catechumens and up and down to Towns Sozomen saith that Epiphanius Bishop of Salamine having spent his own Estate first in pious and charitable Uses he afterwards dispensed the Goods of the Church so freely till the Guardian charged him with Lavishness yet he remitted nothing of his accustomed Bounty At last all being spent a Stranger on a sudden comes into the Steward's Lodging and delivers into his Hand a great Purse of Gold without discovering who sent it or who it was that brought it H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 27. Palladius tells of Macarius a Presbyter and Governour of the Hospital at Alexandria that he coming to a rich Virgin in the City but Covetous and Uncharitable told her that a parcel of Jewels Emeralds and Jacinths of inestimable value were lodged at his House but which the Owner was willing to part with for 500 pieces of Money and adviseth her to buy them she gives him the Money intreated him to buy them for her Afterward she coming to see them he takes her into the Hospital shews her first the Jacinths the Lame Blind and Cripple-women in one Room then the Emeralds the Men in another Room The Woman blush'd and was troubled to think that she should be
See after  Flagelliferans Baptism by Water is ceased baptism of voluntary blood by whipping is come in its place  Origenists Baptism by fire is the true baptism  Effrontes shaved their foreheads till they bled and then anointed them with Oyl A Seal of our Regeneration Montanists Novatians Russians All that die afore baptism are undoubtedly damned  Messalians sins past only are put away by Baptism  Pelagians Jovinians all sins are put away by Baptism  Papists Thomists Orig. only are put away by Baptism  Banisterians Baptism is no more than common Washings  Hierachites Children belong not to Heaven because they have no merits by spiritual Warfare 2. The Lord's Supper whose outward Signs are Bread Wine Eucretites Tatians Severians used no Wine  Aquarii Hydroparastites used water  Montanists Cataphrygians used bread and blood some say man's seed  Artotyrites bread and Cheese  Manichees bread and man's seed administred in one kind  Muscovites Donatists Albanenses bread and wine and warm-water  Gnosticks An Infant begot in their promiscuous Embraces beat in a mortar season'd with Honey and Pepper c. and then devour it calling it their Pass-over Epiph. The things signified are the Body and Blood of Christ taken by the godly Receiver Messalians Familists The Sacraments are but ceremonial bodyes which may be used in obedience to Magistrates  Mat. Hamant They are not necessary in the Church of God  Papists They confer Grace ex Opere Operato and are absolutely necessary to salvation The Priest may receive for the Absent and Dead  Banisterians There will be a time when we shall need no Sacraments  Russians Gave the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper to babes and infants and dead bodies  Lutherans Synusiasts Vbiquitarii Christ's body is corporally taken by every Communicant the Bread and Wine being consubstantiated  Symbolists Figurists Signisicatists The Faithful at the Lord's Supper receive nothing but bare signs  Marcus The Wine is converted into Blood The efficacy of which depends not on the Worthiness of the Ministers Donatists Novatians Agrippiani Origen Petilians Cyprian Apostolicks Henricians Rebaptizantes All denied wicked men to be Lawful Ministers and most of them Re-baptiz'd such as were before Baptized by Hereticks  Anabapt Familists Independents Wicked Ministers cannot Preach truly and duly as they ought  Disciplinarian Puritans condemn all Ministers that Preach not  Sabbatarians condemn all that hear not Preaching Ministers every Sabbath  Brownists all that Communicate with a blind or dumb Ministry  Rhemists That hear Hereticks Sermons tho True  Albanenses The sacraments lose their Efficacy if given by wicked Priests For the Church may Err. Papists It cannot for its Head the Pope is Infallible Donatists Familists It is pure And general Councils to be gathered by Princes may Err. Papists Emperors and Kings are but the Pope's summoners  Beza c. Private persons may call Assemblies  Muscovites since the 7th General Council neither Prince nor Pope may call a General Council  Papists They cannot Err the Holy Ghost is directer to them But the due Administrat of the Word and Sacraments are sufficient marks of the visible Church Papists Unity Universality Antiquity and Succession c. are the signs  Brownists Administration of the Word Sacraments and Discipline are If perform'd in a known Tongue Ossens Prayed in a strange Language which they Learned of Alexus their Founder  Marcosians At the ministration of Baptism used certain Hebrew words c.  Turks Perform all their superstitions in the Arabian Tongue  Jacobites Use a Tongue unknown to the Vulgar  Russians Use a mixture of the Greek and Sclavonian in their Liturgy  Papists Have divine service prayers sacraments in Latin To preserve them from contempt God hath appointed Bishops Pastors Anabaptists Contobabdites Apostolicks condemn all Bishops and superiority amongst Men.  Acephalians Would submit to no Bishops  Aerians make Bishops and Priests all one equal  Jesuits made a Law for the Abrogation of Episcopal Jurisdictions  Disciplinarian Puritans Are against Archbishops and Bishops c. of large Jurisdiction To Excommunicate obstinate Offenders Paulicians Condemned all censures Ecclesiastical  Pelagians Hereticks too otherwise sound may be Ecommunicated for private Errors  Papists Excommunicated Kings Dead men c. whole Kingdoms  S. Bernard Flies  Apostlicks All that were married  Brownists Whole Cities and Churches  Barrowists Kings  Erastus denied Excommunication as inherent in the Churche's power And Absolve them being Penitent Montanists Novatians Meletius Anabapt Germ. Barrowists Melchior Heffman All that sin after Baptism are Reprobate Who also may appoint ceremonies in the Church not Repugnant to God's word Papists The Pope may alter the Sacraments c.  Familists Brownists Disciplinarians The Worship of God should be simple Christians are free c.  Melancthon and the Adiaphorists Held the Customs and Constitutions of the Church of Rome to be indifferent things God hath appointed the Civil Magistrate Albanenses Manichees Fratricellians Flagelliferies Anabaptists Familists Condemn Magistracy or assert That it is founded on Grace Yet the Familists profess Love and Obedience to all kind of Magistrates  Free-men Asserted that they were freed from Obedience to Magistrates Taxes Tithes c. And the King as supreme Papists The King's Supremacy extends not to Popes Priests or the Church  Disciplinarians of Scotland Princes must be subject to the Church Who by administration of an Oath Esseis Albanenses Anabaptists Quakers Swearing before Magistrates is unlawful Which ought to be unviolate and sacred without dissimulation of the Truth Basilidians Priscillianists Helchisaites Familists Henricians To avoid Persecution will swear and forswear  Jesuits c. Sciti and Cagi Turkish Priests To promote the interest of their own Church and damnify the adversary will equivocate and forswear  Familists Hobbists Libertines men may outwardly profess what they will if their Hearts be sound And inflicting corporal Punishments on Offenders Manichees Donatists Anabaptists None for any Offence is to be put to Death  Familists For Sins of the second Table men may be put to Death not for Errors in Religion And the exercise of the Sword which he bears not in vain Manichees Lactantius Lud. Vives c. Anabapt Familists Erasmus doubted or denyed War to be Lawful  Muggletonians Christians using the steel are ignorant of Christ and enemies of his Gospel May maintain each one's properties Manichees Esseis Pelagians Apostolicks Fratricellians Anabaptists Familists Nudipedales would have Christians Goods common They who are predestinated to Life Pelagians Predestinates Familists c. The Doctrine of Predestination is a licentious and dangerous Doctrine  Armenians God predestinates on foresight of our Faith and Obedience After Death immediately a debt due to sin the Soul is made happy in the enjoyment of God Pelagius Socinus If Adam had not sinned yet he had died  Berylliani