the_o motive_n be_v that_o by_o which_o all_o magnetical_a body_n be_v incline_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n of_o a_o man_n we_o have_v two_o faculty_n which_o show_v themselves_o a_o motive_n and_o a_o directive_a or_o disponent_fw-la power_n whereof_o the_o one_o stir_n up_o the_o motion_n the_o other_o regulate_v conform_v and_o direct_v it_o the_o former_a be_v the_o will_n the_o late_a the_o discourse_n and_o judgement_n this_o distinction_n of_o faculty_n howsoever_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o soul_n find_v place_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o which_o a_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o move_v and_o that_o which_o limit_n determine_v and_o as_o the_o schoolman_n be_v wont_a to_o speak_v modificate_v the_o action_n among_o other_o the_o magnet-stone_n seem_v most_o to_o partake_v of_o these_o two_o power_n as_o that_o which_o among_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o gilbert_n opinion_n seem_v most_o to_o have_v resemblance_n with_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n so_o that_o by_o a_o apt_a trope_n it_o have_v be_v call_v of_o many_o the_o magnetical_a soul_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o hence_o we_o may_v well_o perceive_v one_o virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o â—â—useth_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n to_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n another_o by_o which_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n as_o also_o to_o observe_v certain_a angle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o due_a place_n of_o the_o motive_n power_n we_o will_v produce_v these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a &_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v show_v out_o of_o evident_a experiment_n wherein_o every_o man_n sight_n may_v be_v a_o witness_n for_o if_o a_o iron-needle_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n of_o the_o stone_n it_o will_v present_o move_v itself_o notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n which_o make_v gilbert_n to_o imagine_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o mere_a spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a effluxe_n which_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o light_n which_o nevertheless_o it_o surpass_v in_o subtlety_n for_o the_o light_n be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o quick_o that_o many_o have_v think_v this_o motion_n to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o moment_n or_o instant_n of_o time_n but_o this_o quickness_n of_o motion_n may_v much_o more_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n be_v of_o a_o more_o subtle_a and_o pierce_a nature_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o reason_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o light_n be_v always_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o thick_a and_o opacous_a body_n but_o the_o virtue_n magnetical_a find_v a_o passage_n through_o all_o solid_a body_n whatsoever_o and_o meet_v with_o no_o impediment_n 2_o this_o motive_n quality_n be_v spherical_o spread_v through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n here_o again_o may_v we_o find_v a_o great_a resemblance_n betwixt_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n and_o the_o light_n for_o as_o all_o light_a body_n as_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n cast_v their_o beam_n every_o way_n into_o a_o orbicular_a form_n so_o this_o magnetical_a vigour_n cast_v itself_o abroad_o not_o only_o from_o the_o centre_n towards_o the_o superficies_n but_o from_o the_o superficies_n outward_a into_o the_o air_n or_o water_n where_o this_o magnetical_a body_n be_v place_v and_o so_o make_v up_o a_o sphere_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o body_n be_v mere_a and_o perfect_o spherical_a the_o orb_n of_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n will_v end_v in_o a_o perfect_a sphere_n as_o we_o see_v the_o magnet_n g_z to_o confine_v his_o virtue_n within_o the_o circle_n bf_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o square_a or_o any_o other_o figure_n not_o spherical_a it_o imitate_v a_o sphere_n as_o near_o as_o the_o body_n will_v suffer_v in_o that_o it_o spread_v itself_o everywhere_a from_o the_o centre_n by_o right_a line_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v confine_v in_o a_o square_a figure_n correspondent_a to_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v as_o we_o see_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o square_a magnet_n a_o to_o cast_v his_o beam_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n ld_n 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n by_o so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o these_o part_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n we_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n that_o a_o magnet_n have_v two_o pole_n who_o use_n we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o these_o pole_n be_v find_v by_o experiment_n to_o have_v more_o force_n and_o vigour_n in_o they_o then_o other_o part_n and_o all_o other_o part_n to_o enjoy_v more_o or_o less_o force_n by_o how_o much_o near_o or_o far_o off_o they_o be_v situate_v to_o their_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v ascribe_v by_o these_o writer_n to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o magnetical_a vigour_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o this_o figure_n follow_v in_o gilbert_n express_v the_o great_a magnetical_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v hqe_a the_o pole_n e_o the_o centre_n m_o hq_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o every_o point_n of_o this_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o vigour_n magnetical_a be_v convey_v and_o extend_v to_o cfne_v and_o to_o every_o point_n from_o c_o to_o e_z the_o pole_n but_o not_o towards_o the_o point_n b_o so_o neither_o from_o g_z towards_z c._n the_o vigour_n be_v not_o strengthen_v in_o the_o part_n fhg_v from_o that_o which_o be_v gmfe_n but_o fgh_n do_v increase_v the_o virtue_n in_o h_n so_o that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o vigour_n so_o far_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o axel_n tree_n above_o the_o say_a parallel_n but_o internal_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o pole_n so_o we_o see_v that_o from_o every_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o force_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o pole_n e._n but_o the_o point_n f_o have_v only_o the_o vigour_n from_o gh_a and_o the_o point_n n_o from_o oh_o but_o the_o pole_n e_z be_v corroborate_v and_o strengthen_v from_o the_o whole_a plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a hq_n wherefore_o the_o vigour_n magnetical_a in_o this_o pole_n be_v most_o eminent_a and_o remarkable_a but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n as_o for_o example_n in_o f_o the_o magnetical_a quality_n be_v so_o far_o strengthen_v as_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_a h_n can_v give_v but_o dr_n ridley_n in_o his_o late_a magnetical_a treatise_n in_o the_o 6._o chapt._n seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o demonstration_n for_o although_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o vigour_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n yet_o say_v he_o if_o trial_n be_v make_v what_o the_o pole_n will_v take_v perpendicular_o and_o also_o what_o the_o part_n above_o 34_o degree_n will_v lift_v up_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v half_a asmuch_o perpendicular_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o take_v up_o as_o much_o as_o this_o and_o the_o other_o part_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o the_o decision_n of_o these_o difference_n i_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o be_v more_o experimental_a than_o myself_o be_v destitute_a of_o those_o help_n and_o instrument_n which_o they_o enjoy_v 4_o it_o behoove_v we_o in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o disponent_fw-la vigour_n of_o magnetical_a body_n the_o disponent_fw-la force_n we_o call_v that_o faculty_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v dispose_v or_o direct_v to_o a_o certain_a site_n or_o position_n 1_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n this_o proposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o manifold_a experiment_n for_o magnetical_a body_n be_v never_o find_v to_o move_v uncertain_o and_o at_o all_o adventure_n but_o conform_v themselves_o to_o certain_a pole_n and_o make_v certain_a angle_n proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o in_o particular_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o experiment_n we_o can_v draw_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n which_o we_o will_v have_v direct_v to_o certain_a end_n that_o nothing_o in_o her_o commonwealth_n may_v seem_v idle_a or_o unnecessary_a wherefore_o she_o give_v all_o agent_n not_o only_o a_o power_n to_o work_v their_o end_n but_o also_o show_v they_o the_o way_n square_n and_o regulate_v the_o mean_n which_o direct_v unto_o the_o end_n nowhere_a be_v this_o
the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n without_o the_o equatour_n 255_o 3_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 260_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n either_o in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n 261_o 5_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n by_o the_o square_a root_n 262_o 6_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v 264_o 7_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n by_o resolution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n 266_o 8_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o semicircle_n 271_o 9_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o distance_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 273_o to_o my_o book_n parue_v nec_fw-la invideo_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o liber_n ibis_fw-la in_fw-la aulam_fw-la hei_fw-la mihi_fw-la quòd_fw-la domino_fw-la non_fw-la licetire_v tuo_fw-la go_v forth_o thou_o hapless_a embryo_n of_o my_o brain_n unfashioned_a as_o thou_o be_v express_v the_o strain_n and_o language_n of_o thy_o discontent_a sire_n who_o hardly_o ransom_v his_o poor_a babe_n from_o fire_n to_o offer_v to_o the_o world_n and_o careless_a man_n the_o timeless_a fruit_n of_o his_o officious_a pen._n thou_o be_v no_o lovely_a darling_n stamp_v to_o please_v the_o look_n of_o greatness_n no_o delight_n to_o ease_v their_o melancholy_a temper_n who_o reject_v as_o idle_a toy_n but_o what_o themselves_o affect_v no_o lucky_a planet_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n to_o promise_v love_n unto_o thy_o infant-daye_n thou_o may_v perhaps_o be_v merchandise_n for_o slave_n who_o sell_v their_o author_n wit_n and_o buy_v their_o grave_n thou_o may_v be_v censure_v guilty_a of_o that_o blame_n which_o be_v the_o midwife_n fault_n the_o parent_n be_v shame_n thou_o may_v be_v talk_n for_o table_n use_v for_o sport_n at_o taverne-meeting_n pastime_n for_o the_o court_n thou_o may_v be_v tear_v by_o their_o malicious_a fang_n who_o never_o be_v teach_v to_o know_v a_o parent_n pang_n how_o easy_o caâ—â—roud_a ignorance_n outstare_v the_o comely_a weed_n thy_o poverty_n can_v wear_v when_o all_o the_o sister_n on_o our_o isis_n side_n be_v ofâ—_n swear_v servant_n to_o aspire_a pride_n and_o our_o renowned_a mother_n athens_n groan_v to_o see_v her_o garden_n set_v with_o cadmus_n son_n who_o birth_n be_v mutual_a strife_n who_o destiny_n be_v only_o to_o be_v bear_v to_o fight_v and_o die_v prometheus_n be_v chain_v fast_o and_o can_v move_v to_o steal_v a_o little_a fire_n from_o mighty_a jove_n to_o people_n new_a the_o world_n that_o we_o may_v see_v our_o mother_n team_v with_o a_o new_a progeny_n and_o therefore_o with_o thy_o hapless_a father_n prove_v to_o place_v thy_o duty_n where_o thou_o find_v love_n when_o thou_o arriu'_v at_o court_n thou_o long_o may_v stay_v some_o friend_n assistance_n to_o prepare_v thou_o way_n as_o in_o a_o cloudy_a morning_n i_o have_v do_v when_o envious_a vapour_n shut_v i_o from_o the_o sun_n when_o all_o else_o enter_v see_v thou_o humble_o stand_v to_o beg_v a_o kiss_n from_o thy_o moecenae_n hand_n if_o he_o vouchsafe_v a_o look_n to_o guild_v thy_o state_n proclaim_v he_o noble_a thy_o self_n fortunate_a geographie_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o geographie_n be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o nature_n of_o geographie_n be_v well_o express_v in_o the_o name_n for_o geographie_n resolve_v according_a to_o the_o greek_a etymology_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o differ_v from_o cosmographie_n â—s_v a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o cosmographie_n according_a to_o the_o name_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o wholâ—_n world_n comprehend_v under_o it_o as_o well_o geographie_n as_o astronomy_n howbeit_o i_o confess_v that_o among_o the_o ancient_a writer_n cosmographie_n have_v be_v take_v for_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o science_n with_o geography_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o sundry_a treatise_n mere_o geographical_a 1._o yet_o entitle_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cosmographie_n this_o science_n according_a to_o our_o approve_a ptolemy_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n four_o way_n first_o because_o geographie_n describe_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o just_a quantity_n proportion_n figure_n and_o disposition_n which_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o it_o have_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o it_o only_o undertake_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o note_a part_n such_o as_o be_v sin_n creek_n nation_n city_n promontory_n river_n and_o famous_a mountain_n but_o the_o chorographer_n separat_o handle_v the_o lesser_a part_n and_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n such_o as_o be_v hillock_n brook_n lake_n town_n village_n and_o parish_n without_o any_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v as_o confer_v they_o with_o the_o spherical_a fabric_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o by_o the_o same_o author_n be_v well_o illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n draw_v from_o the_o painter_n art_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o painter_n desirous_a to_o draw_v out_o and_o represent_v the_o head_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n will_v first_o draw_v out_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o first_o and_o great_a part_n as_o the_o eye_n ear_n nose_n mouth_n forehead_n and_o such_o like_a only_o care_v that_o they_o may_v challenge_v a_o due_a and_o just_a proportion_n and_o symmetry_n one_o with_o the_o other_o not_o regard_v the_o lesser_a particle_n and_o ornament_n in_o each_o of_o these_o want_v perhaps_o space_n competent_a to_o accomplish_v it_o but_o if_o the_o same_o painter_n will_v strive_v to_o express_v only_o a_o eye_n or_o a_o ear_n he_o may_v take_v space_n enough_o to_o design_n out_o every_o small_a lineament_n colour_n shadow_n or_o mark_v as_o if_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o in_o this_o he_o care_v not_o to_o make_v it_o correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a head_n &_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n so_o happen_v it_o to_o the_o geographer_n who_o will_v to_o delineate_v out_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n our_o realm_n of_o england_n he_o will_v describe_v it_o as_o a_o island_n encompass_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n &_o figure_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n only_o express_v the_o principal_a and_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o chorographer_n undertake_v the_o description_n of_o some_o special_a and_o small_a part_n of_o england_n as_o for_o example_n the_o city_n of_o oxford_n descends_z much_o more_o particular_o to_o matter_n of_o small_a quantity_n and_o note_n such_o as_o be_v the_o church_n college_n hall_n street_n spring_n give_v to_o each_o of_o they_o their_o due_a accident_n colour_n lineament_n and_o proportion_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o art_n can_v imitate_v nature_n neither_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o description_n need_v there_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o place_n adjoin_v or_o the_o general_a draught_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o second_o difference_n between_o geography_n and_o chorographie_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o chorographie_n be_v common_o conversant_a in_o the_o accidental_a quality_n of_o each_o place_n particular_o note_v unto_o we_o which_o place_n be_v barren_a fruitful_a sandy_a stony_a moist_a dry_a hot_a cold_a plain_a or_o mountainous_a and_o such_o like_a propriety_n but_o geography_n less_o regard_v their_o quality_n inquire_v rather_o of_o the_o quantity_n measure_n distance_n which_o place_n have_v aswell_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n assign_v to_o each_o region_n its_o true_a longitude_n latitude_n clime_n parallel_n and_o meridian_n 3_o geographie_n and_o chorographie_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v because_o geographie_n stand_v in_o little_a need_n of_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o most_o part_n about_o the_o geometrical_a lineament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n claim_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o art_n call_v of_o the_o greek_n ichnographie_n who_o office_n be_v to_o express_v the_o figure_n and_o proportion_n of_o body_n set_v forth_o in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n but_o contrariwise_o corographie_n require_v as_o a_o help_n necessary_a the_o art_n of_o paint_v forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n can_v full_o and_o perfect_o express_v to_o the_o eye_n the_o true_a portrait_n of_o city_n town_n castle_n promontory_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n in_o their_o true_a colour_n livelihood_n and_o proportion_n except_o they_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v so_o that_o this_o part_n be_v by_o some_o liken_v to_o that_o art_n which_o the_o
meaning_n be_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o handle_v the_o nature_n and_o propiety_n of_o these_o two_o element_n water_n &_o earth_n far_o than_o may_v seem_v necessary_a for_o the_o geographical_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o few_o man_n undertake_v the_o study_n of_o this_o science_n without_o some_o insight_n in_o the_o other_o and_o to_o speak_v truth_n this_o begin_v where_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n end_v yet_o because_o some_o light_n in_o each_o learning_n be_v necessary_o require_v â—nd_v all_o man_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o seek_v far_o into_o the_o ground_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n far_o off_o that_o the_o build_n thereon_o erect_v may_v stand_v sure_a and_o strong_a wherefore_o take_v some_o beginning_n from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n we_o have_v distinguish_v it_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n as_o those_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v not_o essential_o compound_v as_o one_o entire_a body_n in_o itself_o but_o rather_o coâ—ceruated_v and_o compact_v together_o each_o part_n retain_v its_o own_o nature_n and_o propriety_n without_o any_o proper_a mixture_n to_o express_v more_o full_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o sphere_n we_o be_v here_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v that_o universal_a chaos_n or_o mass_n out_o of_o which_o all_o body_n both_o celestial_a and_o elementary_a be_v make_v and_o form_v as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la as_o some_o have_v imagine_v i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o dispute_v the_o second_o matter_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v either_o proper_a or_o accidental_a the_o proper_a we_o call_v that_o whereof_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o proper_o consist_v such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o accidental_a matter_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o body_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n as_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n and_o such_o like_a material_n make_v of_o a_o terrestrial_a substance_n and_o engender_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o we_o make_v the_o most_o proper_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n the_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o sundry_a reason_n draw_v from_o nature_n and_o experience_n whereof_o the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v seldom_o find_v to_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o mile_n and_o in_o few_o place_n 10_o furlong_n which_o make_v a_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o albeit_o some_o late_a writer_n have_v imagine_v the_o observation_n to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o straight_a and_o narrow_a sea_n and_o not_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n yet_o grant_v it_o to_o amount_v 〈◊〉_d 10_o 20_o or_o 30_o mile_n it_o can_v reach_v to_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o to_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o whole_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v 21600_o english_a mile_n allow_v 60_o english_a mile_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o diameter_n to_o be_v about_o 7200_o mile_n who_o semi-diameter_n measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v 3600_o mile_n and_o if_o any_o man_n suppose_v some_o of_o the_o quantity_n to_o be_v abate_v because_o of_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o earth_n who_o circle_n must_v be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o may_v challenge_v some_o abatement_n but_o not_o come_v near_o any_o equality_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o globe_n and_o chart_n it_o seem_v for_o a_o great_a part_n empty_a and_o unfurnished_a of_o land_n yet_o this_o for_o the_o great_a part_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o man_n ignorance_n and_o want_v of_o true_a discovery_n because_o many_o quillet_n and_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v yet_o unknown_a to_o our_o christian_a world_n and_o therefore_o omit_v and_o not_o figure_v in_o ouâ—_n ordinary_a map_n so_o we_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v hide_v and_o unknown_a without_o discovery_n in_o the_o dayeâ—_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o cause_v he_o to_o contract_n &_o curtail_v the_o earth_n in_o his_o geographical_a description_n which_o defect_n have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n supply_v by_o the_o industrious_a travail_n and_o navigation_n of_o late_a time_n such_o as_o be_v of_o portugal_n english_a and_o hollander_n especial_o of_o columbus_n the_o italian_a who_o as_o one_o witty_o allude_v to_o his_o name_n like_o noah_n dove_n pluck_v a_o olive_n branch_n from_o this_o land_n give_v testimony_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o yet_o unknown_a and_o leave_v naked_a unto_o discovery_n and_o no_o question_n can_v be_v make_v but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n not_o yet_o detect_v by_o our_o european_a navigator_n await_v the_o industry_n of_o this_o age_n to_o which_o allude_v the_o poet_n in_o these_o verse_n 2._o venient_fw-la annis_fw-la secula_fw-la seris_fw-la quibus_fw-la oceanus_n vincula_fw-la rerum_fw-la laxet_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la pateat_fw-la tellus_fw-la typhiâ—que_fw-la novos_fw-la detegat_fw-la orb_n nec_fw-la sit_fw-la terris_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n in_o after-yeere_n shall_v age_n come_v when_o th'oecean_n shall_v unloose_v the_o band_n of_o thing_n and_o show_v vast_a ample_a land_n new_a world_n by_o seaman_n shall_v be_v find_v nor_o thule_n be_v the_o utmost_a bind_v another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o if_o these_o two_o element_n shall_v meet_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n &_o challenge_v a_o equality_n questionless_a the_o whole_a earth_n will_v prove_v over-moist_a slimy_a and_o unapt_a for_o habitation_n which_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o observe_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n for_o let_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n &_o another_o of_o water_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n the_o whole_a mass_n will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o heap_n of_o mire_n or_o slime_n without_o any_o solid_a or_o consist_v substance_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a body_n cor_fw-la hardly_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n or_o limit_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o must_v needs_o require_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n whereon_o to_o support_v itself_o which_o body_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v great_a in_o quantity_n 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o sundry_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o in_o the_o first_o creation_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o and_o uniform_a be_v overwhelm_v and_o compass_v round_o with_o water_n as_o yet_o unfurnished_a of_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o appear_v that_o almighty_a god_n afterward_o make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o dry-land_n this_o separation_n aâ—_n far_o as_o reason_n may_v be_v admit_v as_o judge_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o by_o give_v supernatural_a bound_n and_o limit_n unto_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o invade_v the_o dry-land_n or_o else_o by_o alter_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n cast_v it_o into_o inequal_a part_n so_o that_o somewhere_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v away_o empty_a channel_n or_o concavity_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o receive_v the_o water_n otherwhere_a by_o heap_v up_o the_o part_n so_o take_v away_o whence_o be_v cause_v mountain_n and_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n the_o former_a of_o these_o way_n seem_v altogether_o improbable_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a to_o imagine_v that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n as_o hereafter_o in_o place_n more_o convenient_a shall_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o take_v the_o late_a as_o more_o consonant_n to_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n &_o the_o earth_n separate_v and_o divide_v make_v not_o two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a 〈◊〉_d globe_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sphere_n forasmuch_o as_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o 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inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o 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first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o 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be_v a_o circle_n as_o abl_v this_o do_v we_o will_v imagine_v a_o certain_a magnitude_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o centre_n c_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o line_n pen_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n e_o will_v move_v and_o conform_v itself_o downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n aec_fw-la which_o motion_n will_v be_v natural_a as_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v to_o a_o centre_n from_o a_o circumference_n by_o the_o direct_a radius_fw-la which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o other_o part_n without_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o magnitude_n can_v move_v but_o in_o so_o many_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o point_n n_o must_v needs_o move_v in_o the_o line_n ng_z and_o the_o point_n p_o in_o the_o line_n pf_n which_o be_v of_o equal_a distance_n will_v never_o concur_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o 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these_o body_n as_o they_o be_v take_v comparative_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o this_o discourse_n proper_o belong_v to_o a_o art_n which_o be_v call_v staticke_a and_o mathematical_a who_o office_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o affection_n of_o heaviness_n and_o lightness_n of_o all_o body_n out_o of_o their_o cause_n the_o chief_a sensible_a instrument_n whereon_o these_o property_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o show_v be_v the_o bilanz_n or_o ballance_n but_o these_o specialty_n we_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o have_v purposely_o write_v of_o this_o subject_n among_o which_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o chief_a be_v archimedes_n who_o heavenly_a wit_n overtake_v all_o such_o as_o go_v before_o he_o and_o outgo_v all_o such_o as_o followed_z enough_o it_o will_v seem_v in_o this_o treatise_n to_o insert_v a_o proposition_n or_o two_o staticall_a to_o show_v the_o conformity_n of_o two_o magnitude_n and_o their_o proper_a centre_n move_v downward_o towards_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n 1_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v heretofore_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v a_o ray_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n derive_v from_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o centre_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v parallel_n or_o equidistant_a but_o concurrent_a line_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a distance_n betwixt_o we_o and_o the_o centre_n be_v very_o great_a it_o must_v needs_o happen_v that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n the_o concourse_n of_o
perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o roundness_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v no_o way_n sensible_a but_o in_o a_o great_a pavement_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n level_v perpendicular_o it_o will_v make_v some_o show_n of_o roundness_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a pavement_n measure_v over_o by_o a_o right_a line_n can_v be_v call_v level_a or_o equal_o poize_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 2_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o equal_a time_n move_v a_o equal_a space_n this_o proposition_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o johannes_n baptist_n de_fw-fr benedictis_n be_v cite_v and_o confirm_v by_o john_n dee_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n to_o bill_v slie_n geometry_n which_o correct_v a_o common_a error_n of_o those_o man_n which_o suppose_v the_o light_a body_n general_o not_o to_o move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
on_o the_o land_n in_o their_o perfect_a figure_n and_o greatness_n sail_v far_a off_o they_o will_v observe_v they_o on_o the_o low_a part_n little_a &_o little_o diminish_v until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o top_n only_o of_o the_o house_n and_o tree_n will_v be_v visible_a in_o like_a sort_n they_o which_o tarry_v on_o the_o land_n will_v first_o espy_v the_o top_n and_o masâ—_n of_o a_o ship_n approach_v which_o sight_n will_v be_v perfect_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o ship_n draw_v towards_o the_o land_n and_o at_o last_o all_o part_n of_o it_o will_v show_v themselves_o which_o accident_n can_v be_v cast_v upon_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n and_o swell_v of_o the_o water_n which_o if_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o station_n on_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ship_n wherein_o passenger_n be_v convey_v which_o experiment_n be_v express_v in_o this_o diagramme_n here_o annex_v certain_a platonic_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v patricius_n a_o late_a writer_n will_v ascribe_v this_o experiment_n to_o the_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n cause_v partly_o by_o the_o distance_n which_o can_v perfect_o represent_v the_o object_n partly_o by_o the_o interpose_a vapour_n arise_v in_o the_o sea_n partly_o by_o the_o quiver_a light_n which_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o these_o cause_n may_v somewhat_o hinder_v and_o cause_n that_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a species_n of_o a_o body_n can_v always_o visit_v the_o sight_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o be_v not_o all_o but_o that_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o water_n will_v prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a but_o for_o one_o of_o patricius_n his_o shift_n concern_v vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o clavius_n seem_v also_o to_o consent_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n it_o make_v more_o for_o our_o assertion_n than_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o optic_n seem_v great_a in_o quantity_n and_o by_o consequence_n near_o and_o so_o high_o than_o will_v otherwise_o appear_v as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v see_v of_o we_o before_o it_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n because_o of_o a_o refraction_n of_o its_o beam_n in_o a_o thick_a matter_n wherefore_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o tower_n see_v at_o sea_n or_o a_o ship_n from_o the_o land_n through_o these_o thick_a and_o gross_a vapour_n shall_v appear_v high_o and_o seem_v near_o then_o if_o it_o meet_v not_o with_o such_o vapour_n second_o what_o be_v urge_v concern_v the_o tremble_a light_n cause_v by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o although_o such_o a_o light_n may_v cause_v a_o impediment_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n yet_o will_v not_o this_o decrement_n or_o hindrance_n be_v by_o degree_n and_o in_o such_o proportion_n as_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o wit_n to_o the_o distance_n interpose_v and_o much_o wonder_v it_o be_v that_o patricius_n as_o my_o learned_a friend_n mr_n r._n hues_n observe_v be_v as_o it_o seem_v very_o well_o read_v in_o the_o story_n of_o spanish_a navigation_n shall_v not_o be_v convince_v out_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o magellane_n who_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o south-west_n part_n pass_v by_o the_o magellane_n straits_n now_o call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o so_o return_v by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n into_o spain_n to_o which_o we_o way_n add_v the_o voyage_n of_o drake_n candish_n and_o many_o other_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v urge_v by_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la and_o have_v its_o ground_n in_o archimedes_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr aqua-vectis_a which_o be_v form_v in_o this_o sort_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o affect_v and_o flow_v to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v infer_v that_o it_o must_v be_v round_o for_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o always_o obtain_v the_o low_a place_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o figure_n for_o if_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o water_n a_o plain_a superficies_n let_v it_o for_o example_n be_v adb_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n c_o let_v there_o be_v describe_v a_o circle_n to_o wit_n egf_n then_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v cd_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o let_v ac_fw-la and_o bc_n be_v join_v together_o now_o because_o the_o right_a line_n cd_o be_v less_o then_o ca_n or_o cb_n as_o will_v appear_v evident_o by_o sense_n it_o will_v be_v plain_a that_o the_o point_n d_o will_v be_v in_o a_o low_a place_n than_o the_o point_n a_o or_o b_o because_o d_o be_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n for_o as_o much_o as_o dc_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n whereas_o ac_fw-la and_o cb_n evident_o exceed_v that_o quantity_n or_o proportion_n another_o reason_n there_o be_v common_o draw_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o drop_n cast_v on_o the_o sand_n as_o also_o from_o water_n in_o pot_n who_o superficies_n seem_v to_o swell_v above_o the_o brim_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o place_n convenient_a be_v rather_o against_o this_o assertion_n then_o for_o it_o because_o indeed_o we_o affirm_v the_o water_n to_o be_v round_o but_o so_o as_o it_o claim_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v sensible_a in_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n as_o a_o drop_n or_o pot_n of_o water_n this_o proposition_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o reason_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o answer_v certain_a objection_n cast_v in_o by_o the_o say_v patricius_n against_o our_o assertion_n every_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n quoth_v patricius_n be_v either_o only_a plain_a or_o only_o round_a or_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o or_o neither_o plain_a nor_o round_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o seem_v very_o evident_a for_o so_o it_o shall_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n neither_o can_v one_o part_n be_v plain_a and_o another_o round_o because_o the_o water_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o homogeneal_a body_n not_o consist_v of_o such_o unequal_a part_n that_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v plain_a nor_o round_o seem_v more_o impossible_a because_o fâ—w_v or_o none_o have_v dream_v of_o any_o other_o figure_n last_o that_o it_o be_v not_o round_o only_a he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a reason_n and_o experiment_n first_o he_o testify_v of_o himself_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o plain_o â—aw_v in_o the_o morning_n before_o sunrising_n the_o mountain_n of_o corsica_n which_o afterward_o assoon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v vanish_v out_o of_o his_o sight_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o argument_n to_o judicious_a man_n will_v seem_v very_o weak_a 1_o because_o it_o depend_v altogether_o on_o the_o authority_n and_o credit_n of_o patricius_n who_o assertion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o another_o man_n denial_n 2_o be_v this_o argument_n every_o where_o sound_a yet_o will_v it_o prove_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o that_o this_o effect_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o can_v be_v draw_v any_o general_a conclusion_n that_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a we_o deny_v not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o other_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v which_o may_v hinder_v or_o take_v away_o the_o sight_n of_o object_n from_o those_o who_o sail_n on_o the_o sea_n the_o second_o experiment_n patricius_n describe_v in_o this_o manner_n at_o a_o certain_a town_n call_v comaâ—lum_n say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a pool_n through_o which_o pool_n or_o lake_n some_o 3_o year_n ago_o it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o boat_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o way_n in_o all_o the_o journey_n appear_v to_o be_v less_o than_o 2_o foot_n in_o depth_n from_o the_o top_n the_o way_n increase_v at_o first_o the_o low_a part_n and_o foundation_n of_o house_n than_o the_o top_n and_o princely_a pinnacle_n begin_v to_o vanish_v from_o our_o sight_n at_o last_o have_v scarce_o pass_v 6000_o pace_n a_o tower_n 72_o foot_n high_a begin_v to_o appear_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o middle_n and_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n upward_o appear_v visible_a
philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oâ—â—e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
directive_a power_n more_o remarkable_a then_o in_o magnetical_a body_n especial_o in_o their_o direction_n and_o variation_n motion_n treat_v of_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a to_o which_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o theorem_a we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 9_o the_o radical_a faculty_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v somewhat_o speak_v of_o aswell_o in_o their_o motive_n as_o disponent_fw-la virtue_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o derive_v motion_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o these_o faculty_n 6_o these_o motion_n magnetical_a be_v either_o partial_a or_o total_a the_o partial_a we_o call_v that_o by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v magnetical_o move_v and_o conform_v as_o well_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a partial_a motion_n be_v coition_n direction_n variation_n and_o declination_n magnetical_a coition_n be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v join_v and_o apply_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o iron_n and_o steel_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o move_v unto_o the_o loadstone_n and_o cleave_v unto_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o his_o virtue_n this_o motion_n be_v common_o call_v attraction_n but_o improper_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o d._n gilbert_n 1_o because_o attraction_n seem_v to_o suppose_v a_o external_a force_n or_o violence_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v unto_o another_o but_o the_o coition_n be_v mere_o natural_a as_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o both_o the_o body_n 2_o attraction_n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o move_v to_o be_v only_o in_o the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o other_o to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o not_o active_o concur_v to_o this_o motion_n whereas_o in_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n both_o part_n be_v mutual_o incline_v by_o nature_n to_o meet_v and_o join_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o not_o that_o the_o force_n of_o motion_n in_o both_o part_n be_v always_o equal_a because_o one_o magnetical_a body_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o draw_v the_o other_o unto_o it_o although_o there_o be_v in_o this_o part_n so_o rest_v a_o inclination_n to_o the_o other_o which_o mutual_a inclination_n of_o conjunction_n in_o magnet_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v in_o two_o magnet_n of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v so_o move_v that_o they_o will_v meet_v in_o the_o midway_n some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o parallel_v this_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o loadstone_n with_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o we_o see_v by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n to_o draw_v unto_o itself_o little_a straw_n and_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n but_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o magnetical_a body_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n first_o because_o the_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o electricall_a body_n draw_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o matter_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o form_n as_o be_v too_o subtle_a a_o thing_n to_o spring_v from_o a_o material_a substance_n second_o electricall_a body_n draw_v and_o attract_v not_o without_o rub_v and_o stir_v up_o of_o the_o matter_n first_o and_o present_o fail_v if_o any_o vapour_n or_o thick_a body_n shall_v be_v interpose_v but_o in_o a_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o find_v no_o such_o matter_n because_o it_o require_v no_o such_o preparation_n or_o rub_v of_o the_o stone_n nor_o be_v hinder_v by_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n as_o we_o prove_v in_o this_o place_n three_o the_o loadstone_n move_v and_o provoke_v to_o motion_n nothing_o else_o but_o other_o magnetical_a body_n but_o the_o electricall_a will_v draw_v any_o little_a thing_n as_o straw_n hair_n dust_n and_o such_o like_a four_o the_o magnet_n will_v lift_v a_o great_a weight_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o quantity_n but_o jet_n the_o small_a and_o light_a thing_n last_o the_o electricall_a body_n as_o gilbert_n well_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n draw_v other_o body_n unto_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o moist_a effluence_n of_o vapour_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o join_v body_n together_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o stick_n in_o water_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n which_o will_v common_o move_v till_o they_o meet_v together_o but_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n can_v be_v other_o than_o a_o act_n of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o many_o philosopher_n have_v free_o spend_v their_o uncertain_a conjecture_n rather_o out_o of_o a_o fear_n to_o be_v esteem_v ignorant_a then_o of_o confidence_n to_o be_v account_v learned_a most_o run_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o grow_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o feeble_a and_o can_v go_v without_o crouch_n for_o since_o all_o mix_a form_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n they_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o thing_n compound_v but_o diverse_o modificate_n what_o be_v before_o in_o the_o simple_a element_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o such_o a_o affection_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o magnet_n and_o no_o other_o mix_v body_n indeed_o we_o ascribe_v this_o affection_n to_o the_o form_n as_o the_o immediate_a cause_n but_o by_o this_o form_n we_o understand_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mixture_n result_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n but_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o all_o globous_a body_n such_o as_o be_v the_o sun_n moon_n star_n and_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n whereon_o we_o live_v who_o nature_n receive_v the_o stamp_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o integrity_n he_o that_o shall_v seek_v for_o the_o original_n of_o all_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o mixture_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o four_o element_n shall_v labour_v much_o and_o find_v little_a and_o neither_o at_o last_o be_v able_a to_o content_v himself_o or_o instruct_v other_o except_o we_o suppose_v a_o man_n sufficient_o teach_v when_o he_o hear_v ordinary_a matter_n express_v in_o exotic_a and_o artificial_a term_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o rule_n of_o biel_n the_o schooleman_n that_o when_o a_o immediate_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o immediate_a cause_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o search_v far_o why_o such_o a_o cause_n shall_v produce_v such_o a_o effect_n every_o man_n be_v demand_v why_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v to_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n and_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o cause_n but_o shall_v he_o inquire_v further_o why_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o heat_n he_o may_v perhaps_o puzzle_v a_o whole_a academy_n of_o philosopher_n and_o never_o prove_v himself_o the_o wise_a for_o the_o further_a illustration_n of_o this_o motion_n these_o theorem_n will_v seem_v necessary_a 1_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o experience_n teach_v that_o any_o iron-instrument_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n receive_v instant_o the_o same_o virtue_n attractive_a but_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o virtue_n shall_v be_v communicate_v on_o so_o slight_a a_o touch_n have_v be_v controvert_v the_o common_a philosopher_n have_v imagine_v that_o certain_a little_a part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o in_o the_o touch_n which_o cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n cause_n this_o attraction_n but_o that_o this_o virtue_n can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o corporal_a process_n or_o any_o such_o little_a part_n cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o imagine_v for_o first_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o with_o a_o bare_a touch_n these_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o magnet_n or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v so_o fast_o link_v to_o the_o iron_n second_o these_o part_n be_v so_o little_a and_o insensible_a can_v have_v so_o much_o vigour_n as_o we_o see_v a_o iron_n will_v have_v at_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o loadstone_n three_o the_o loadstone_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o iron_n notwithstanding_o any_o body_n interpose_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o iron_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n wherefore_o to_o show_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o effect_n we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v a_o mettle_n excoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o albeit_o it_o
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o 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and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
it_o will_v lift_v up_o much_o great_a and_o heavy_a weight_n which_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n that_o this_o declination_n be_v cause_v only_o by_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conversive_a virtue_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n that_o in_o the_o magnetical_a direction_n there_o be_v find_v a_o irregularity_n or_o variation_n have_v be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o artificer_n instrument_n the_o like_a irregularity_n be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o declination_n which_o make_v magnetical_a instrument_n and_o experiment_n more_o subject_a to_o error_n and_o imperfection_n the_o variation_n of_o declination_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n betwixt_o the_o true_a and_o apparent_a declination_n the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v only_o to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o unequal_a temper_n of_o magnetical_a part_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o in_o the_o direction_n 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but_o her_o own_o massy_a situation_n and_o firmness_n and_o settle_v herself_o so_o strong_o by_o her_o magnetical_a virtue_n pass_v through_o the_o meridional_a part_n to_o the_o pole_n as_o if_o she_o be_v tie_v by_o many_o strong_a cable_n to_o two_o herculean_a pillar_n not_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v by_o any_o supernatural_a power_n that_o the_o situation_n can_v be_v change_v she_o will_v no_o doubt_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o verticity_n return_n and_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a position_n as_o all_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v do_v to_o their_o proper_a site_n and_o conformity_n of_o this_o verticity_n need_v no_o more_o to_o be_v speak_v then_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o point_n of_o direction_n because_o the_o former_a be_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o depend_v on_o the_o same_o demonstration_n out_o of_o which_o ground_n we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o 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which_o mystery_n not_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n for_o want_n of_o former_a observation_n have_v show_v itself_o to_o our_o time_n be_v enrich_v not_o only_o with_o their_o but_o our_o own_o experiment_n according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o dominicus_n maria_n the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v high_a than_o it_o be_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o they_o be_v but_o to_o this_o opinion_n we_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o stadius_n which_o hold_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n have_v be_v decrease_v and_o diminish_v from_o that_o they_o have_v have_v in_o ptolemy_n without_o any_o such_o regular_a increment_n or_o decrement_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o observation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o latitude_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v 41_o degree_n â…”_n part_n but_o by_o new_a observation_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 41_o degree_n ½_o part_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v 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take_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o gravity_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v so_o settle_a about_o the_o centre_n that_o it_o be_v equal_o poize_v that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o part_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n now_o such_o body_n as_o be_v so_o equal_o poize_v by_o the_o addition_n or_o diminution_n of_o any_o part_n on_o either_o â—ide_v will_n be_v straightway_o tâ—rned_v from_o that_o â—iâ—e_n which_o they_o have_v before_o in_o aequîlibrio_n as_o be_v daily_o confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o other_o such_o mechanic_a instrument_n wherefore_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o centre_n and_o pole_n shall_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v change_v and_o alter_v and_o the_o whole_a suffer_v a_o kind_n of_o start_v or_o libration_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o daily_a observation_n that_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o carry_v into_o another_o place_n as_o man_n beast_n and_o bird_n which_o move_v from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o nothing_o be_v here_o of_o more_o moment_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o continual_a ebb_a and_o flow_v suffer_v such_o a_o sensible_a change_n of_o addition_n and_o diminution_n that_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n shall_v always_o be_v equal_o counterpoise_v but_o the_o weight_n on_o one_o side_n shall_v be_v predominant_a unto_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drive_v the_o centre_n from_o his_o former_a place_n this_o argument_n blancanus_n 2._o another_o late_a jesuite_n leave_v altogether_o unanswered_a either_o imagine_v it_o too_o strong_a or_o out_o of_o a_o combine_a faction_n of_o their_o own_o society_n unwilling_a to_o contradict_v his_o fellow_n and_o indeed_o shall_v we_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o
earth_n which_o must_v move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o first_o we_o must_v take_v aâ—_n grant_v of_o those_o which_o defend_v the_o opposite_a opinion_n these_o two_o ground_n 1_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v a_o heavenly_a body_n be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o supreme_a sphere_n of_o all_o the_o celestial_a machine_n because_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v assign_v they_o their_o several_a motion_n 2_o that_o of_o two_o body_n circular_o move_v upon_o the_o same_o centre_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n that_o which_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n must_v needs_o have_v the_o swift_a motion_n as_o we_o see_v the_o spoke_n of_o a_o wheel_n to_o move_v fast_o near_o the_o circumference_n but_o slow_a in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o centre_n this_o grant_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a of_o the_o first_o and_o supreme_a orb_n to_o be_v so_o incomparable_o vast_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o according_a to_o this_o magnitude_n to_o be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o swiftness_n as_o must_v needs_o transcend_v all_o fiction_n and_o imagination_n for_o beside_o the_o two_o element_n place_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o celestial_a body_n to_o wit_n air_n and_o fire_n which_o challenge_v no_o mean_a distance_n betwixt_o their_o concave_n and_o convexe_a superficies_n who_o know_v not_o how_o many_o distinct_a and_o strange_a concameration_n of_o orb_n and_o circle_n be_v place_v and_o sign_v ouâ—_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o first_o movable_a aristotle_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o orb_n to_o eight_o whereof_o seven_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o seven_o planet_n but_o the_o eight_o to_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v fasten_v as_o so_o many_o nail_n in_o the_o same_o wheel_n but_o ptolemy_n perceive_v this_o number_n to_o be_v insufficient_a to_o satisfy_v his_o observation_n be_v enforce_v to_o add_v a_o nine_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n yet_o this_o content_v not_o alphonsus_n but_o he_o must_v make_v up_o ten_o and_o although_o this_o opinion_n prevail_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o school_n of_o philosopher_n as_o most_o exact_a and_o absolute_a yet_o come_v it_o far_o short_a to_o satisfy_v the_o search_n of_o two_o latter_a astronomer_n clavius_n and_o maginus_fw-la who_o to_o add_v something_o to_o antiquity_n have_v find_v out_o another_o orb_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a tale_n be_v become_v eleven_o and_o much_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o big-swollen_a belly_n of_o this_o learned_a ignorance_n will_v beget_v more_o child_n to_o help_v the_o mother_n because_o all_o the_o former_a have_v prove_v lame_a and_o impotent_a god_n send_v she_o a_o safe_a delivery_n to_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n all_o these_o orb_n thus_o range_v and_o concamerate_v in_o order_n can_v but_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a 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fear_v lest_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o far_o slow_a motion_n of_o what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v make_v which_o can_v suffer_v so_o portentous_a and_o incogitable_a a_o whirl_n here_o the_o common_a philosopher_n stand_v astonish_v and_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o know_v nothing_o he_o will_v say_v any_o thing_n why_o say_v he_o shall_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o since_o the_o heaven_n in_o their_o motion_n find_v no_o resistance_n whereas_o all_o other_o body_n be_v slack_v by_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n by_o which_o they_o be_v to_o move_v if_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v any_o such_o let_v or_o hindrance_n it_o will_v be_v either_o in_o the_o agent_n or_o mover_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n or_o body_n move_v not_o in_o the_o mover_n because_o as_o aristotle_n
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this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o 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nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o differ_v much_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o who_o knowledge_n notwithstanding_o be_v fortify_v with_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o invention_n of_o new_a instrument_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o those_o which_o distant_a so_o many_o age_n in_o time_n and_o use_v diverse_a &_o unlike_a instrument_n in_o their_o observation_n have_v differ_v in_o matter_n of_o so_o small_a moment_n chief_o in_o seek_v out_o the_o period_n of_o this_o long_a and_o slow_a motion_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o slowness_n since_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v to_o man_n have_v not_o run_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o his_o circle_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o error_n of_o their_o observation_n then_o multiply_v orb_n without_o a_o great_a cause_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a and_o almost_o insensible_a 2._o because_o we_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o our_o astronomical_a history_n what_o kind_n of_o instrument_n be_v then_o in_o use_n which_o to_o late_a astronomer_n have_v be_v think_v too_o rude_a and_o unfit_a to_o make_v such_o subtle_a observation_n last_o concern_v the_o site_n and_o position_n no_o less_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v out_o of_o our_o hypothesis_n than_o the_o common_a way_n for_o by_o place_v the_o five_o planet_n to_o run_v in_o their_o epicycle_n about_o the_o sun_n may_v we_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n wherein_o a_o ingenious_a mind_n in_o our_o common_a ground_n can_v hardly_o give_v himself_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n 3_o the_o stability_n be_v a_o affection_n whereby_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v firm_o settle_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n the_o stability_n or_o firmness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o here_o understand_v 1._o no_o way_n deny_v or_o contradict_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o be_v separate_v they_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n 2._o neither_o the_o circular_a revolution_n of_o it_o on_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axle_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v but_o either_o such_o a_o motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v sever_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a mass_n dissolve_v or_o whereby_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v move_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o their_o true_a verticity_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o respect_v always_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n which_o kind_n of_o stability_n from_o motion_n we_o will_v establish_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n of_o holy_a scripture_n from_o reason_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v 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and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a 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the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâ—condly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o appear_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n or_o portion_n then_o must_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o comparison_n far_o lesser_a be_v devoid_a of_o all_o sensible_a magnitude_n or_o proportion_n second_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n then_o must_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o the_o circumference_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o geometry_n now_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a magnitude_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n than_o the_o star_n which_o be_v over_o our_o head_n be_v near_o unto_o we_o by_o a_o notable_a quantity_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o star_n place_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a point_n as_o we_o see_v in_o â—his_fw-la figure_n here_o set_v down_o acdb_n wherein_o i_o make_v e_o to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aeb_n the_o true_a horizon_n and_o of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n fe_o have_v any_o sensible_a proportion_n then_o must_v g_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o to_o f._n then_o either_o a_o or_o b._n suppose_a to_o be_v the_o east_n &_o west_n point_n because_o ea_fw-la or_o ebb_v be_v the_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o celestial_a circle_n whereof_o fg_n be_v only_o a_o part_n but_o contrariwise_o there_o be_v no_o such_o diversity_n perceive_v in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o appear_v still_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o greatness_n except_o by_o accidental_a interposition_n of_o vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n to_o move_v as_o due_o and_o orderly_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o dial_n and_o such_o instrument_n as_o if_o their_o centre_n be_v the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o these_o two_o centre_n shall_v differ_v notable_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o express_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v set_v this_o figure_n which_o represent_v the_o three_o notable_a circle_n in_o a_o dial_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o three_o notable_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o wit_n the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a herein_o the_o uttermost_a arch_n blc_n represent_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v describe_v no_o great_a than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o sign_n shine_v unto_o we_o but_o six_o hour_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v set_v as_o half_a a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o appear_v unto_o we_o 12_o hour_n &_o be_v here_o note_v out_o by_o eif_n the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n contain_v 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o there_o be_v eighteen_o hour_n from_o sunrising_n to_o sunset_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v ghk_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v a_o and_o the_o style_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n da_fw-la who_o top_n be_v d_o do_v describe_v those_o portion_n of_o circle_n with_o such_o exactness_n as_o if_o the_o dial_n be_v set_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o hour_n show_v itself_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o argument_n i_o may_v add_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sensible_a greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o superior_a orb_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o absurdity_n will_v arise_v which_o follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o place_n the_o earth_n out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o have_v before_o treat_v of_o 2_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n although_o the_o whole_a earth_n compare_v with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v no_o otherwise_o then_o a_o point_n yet_o from_o this_o we_o must_v except_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o low_a planet_n venus_n mercury_n but_o especial_o the_o moon_n who_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n of_o diverse_a skilful_a astronomer_n to_o have_v a_o sensible_a and_o notable_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o a_o manifest_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o parallax_n or_o variation_n of_o the_o sight_n wherein_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o same_o star_n at_o diverse_a place_n be_v
cause_v common_o two_o way_n either_o by_o contagion_n natural_o incident_a to_o diverse_a place_n or_o by_o hostile_a invasion_n and_o devastation_n of_o this_o latter_a arise_v two_o main_a effect_n the_o first_o be_v the_o want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n which_o shall_v dress_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n to_o make_v it_o more_o fruitful_a and_o accommodate_v to_o man_n use_n the_o second_o be_v their_o poverty_n and_o captivity_n whereof_o the_o one_o make_v they_o unable_a the_o second_o unwilling_a to_o effect_v any_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n a_o good_a instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o god_n himself_o be_v call_v a_o land_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o honey_n for_o the_o admirable_a pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v traveller_n report_v a_o most_o barren_a region_n devoid_a almost_o of_o all_o good_a commodity_n fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o sometime_o famous_a kingdom_n every_o bleere-eyed_n judgement_n may_v easy_o read_v god_n curse_v long_o since_o denounce_v which_o strange_a alteration_n next_o unto_o god_n anger_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n which_o have_v almost_o lâ—ft_a the_o land_n waste_n without_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n whence_o it_o can_v not_o choose_v in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o degenerate_a from_o the_o ancient_a fruitfulness_n the_o like_a may_v we_o find_v in_o all_o those_o miserable_a region_n which_o groan_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n whence_o a_o proverb_n run_v currant_n among_o they_o that_o where_o the_o turk_n horse_n have_v once_o graze_v no_o grass_n will_v ever_o aftâ—r_o grow_v which_o signify_v no_o other_o than_o the_o barbarous_a manner_n of_o the_o turk_n have_v once_o conquer_v a_o land_n to_o lay_v it_o open_v ever_o after_o to_o devastation_n for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n warlike_a man_n train_v up_o in_o martial_a discipline_n they_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o regard_n the_o use_n of_o husbandry_n whence_o in_o short_a time_n a_o country_n must_v needs_o turn_n wild_a and_o unfruitful_a to_o these_o cause_n we_o may_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o heavenly_a constellation_n which_o be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o time_n produce_v no_o small_a effect_n in_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o diverse_a alteration_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v our_o second_o point_n we_o have_v referâ—â—ed_v to_o another_o place_n near_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n to_o which_o be_v proper_o appertain_v 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v inhabit_v this_o proposition_n i_o have_v know_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o experience_a navigator_n in_o so_o much_o as_o i_o presume_v few_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o who_o have_v either_o be_v a_o travaller_n himself_o into_o far_a country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v read_v other_o man_n discovery_n the_o only_a matter_n therefore_o we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o produce_v certain_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o effect_n and_o inquiry_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o cause_n which_o i_o can_v allege_v be_v the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n inhabit_v any_o country_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a out_o of_o which_o arise_v a_o twofold_a effect_n 1_o the_o improve_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o remove_v all_o such_o impediment_n as_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v noisome_a to_o mankind_n for_o whereas_o all_o thing_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n be_v suffer_v to_o rot_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o other_o can_v we_o expect_v but_o fen_n fog_n and_o noisome_a vapour_n altogether_o hurtful_a to_o the_o welfare_n and_o life_n of_o man_n 2_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n industry_n be_v no_o less_o apparent_a in_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o open_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o diverse_a substance_n send_v forth_o many_o time_n certain_a hot_a fume_n and_o vapour_n which_o in_o many_o cold_a country_n mollify_v the_o usual_a rigour_n of_o the_o air_n which_o most_o offend_v the_o inhabitant_n this_o reason_n be_v give_v by_o my_o countryman_n captain_n whitborne_n for_o the_o extreme_a cold_a which_o some_o man_n profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v try_v in_o newfoundland_n which_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o many_o man_n description_n be_v know_v to_o lie_v far_o more_o south_n than_o england_n for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drive_v into_o the_o north_n part_n by_o the_o european_n who_o usual_o trade_n there_o for_o fish_n and_o they_o themselves_o live_v altogether_o on_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o wild_a beast_n on_o the_o land_n as_o bear_n dear_a and_o such_o like_a without_o any_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o herbage_n the_o soil_n by_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v altogether_o unmanured_a so_o that_o neither_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v well_o cleanse_v from_o noisome_a vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o herbage_n rot_v as_o i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o leave_v free_a to_o send_v out_o such_o wholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n from_o its_o interior_a part_n which_o may_v warm_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v mankind_n 3_o a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o man_n industry_n that_o those_o country_n which_o have_v enjoy_v inhabitant_n by_o the_o continual_a use_n of_o fire_n have_v their_o air_n more_o purge_v and_o refine_v from_o drossy_a and_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o usual_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o contagious_a soil_n daily_o infect_v by_o putrefaction_n for_o scarce_o any_o nation_n have_v be_v know_v so_o barbarous_a and_o ignorant_a which_o have_v not_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o fire_n neither_o be_v any_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n so_o pestilent_a and_o opposite_a to_o humane_a constitution_n which_o the_o breath_n of_o fire_n will_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n dispel_v if_o any_o man_n object_n the_o distance_n of_o house_n and_o village_n wherein_o fire_n be_v use_v which_o seem_v to_o claim_v a_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n hang_v over_o a_o whole_a country_n let_v he_o well_o consider_v the_o quickness_n of_o motion_n and_o fluidity_n of_o the_o air_n pass_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o moment_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o he_o may_v soon_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n all_o those_o reason_n hitherto_o mention_v a_o inhabit_a region_n owe_v to_o man_n industry_n which_o we_o general_o touch_v in_o the_o precedent_n theorem_a the_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v as_o a_o consequent_a of_o habitation_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v of_o people_n live_v in_o any_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o may_v follow_v two_o effect_n 1_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o heat_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o any_o room_n in_o a_o great_a throng_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o breathe_n together_o in_o one_o place_n 2_o the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o humane_a body_n by_o a_o continual_a respiration_n these_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n may_v perhaps_o to_o common_a apprehension_n seem_v small_a and_o insensible_a but_o he_o that_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v requisite_a for_o a_o man_n respiration_n and_o the_o space_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n will_v hold_v it_o no_o strange_a matter_n that_o the_o breathe_n of_o man_n shall_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v leave_v tenantlesse_a will_v soon_o fall_v into_o decay_n not_o so_o much_o for_o want_v of_o reparation_n as_o the_o foggy_a vapour_n and_o moisture_n cause_v by_o want_n of_o respiration_n the_o like_a whereof_o in_o some_o proportion_n may_v we_o imagine_v to_o be_v in_o a_o region_n want_v inhabitant_n and_o deprive_v of_o this_o benefit_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o in_o a_o place_n topographical_o take_v two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o description_n the_o adjunct_n be_v such_o propriety_n as_o agree_v to_o special_a place_n 2_o such_o adjunct_n agree_v to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n those_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o
the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o heat_n cold_a drought_n and_o moisture_n whereon_o depend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o disposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o of_o man_n body_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o ordinary_o borrow_v his_o fruitfulness_n or_o barrenness_n of_o these_o first_o quality_n and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o vital_a organ_n which_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o affect_v with_o they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o philosopher_n have_v undertake_v to_o define_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n wit_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n out_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o these_o four_o accident_n and_o what_o physician_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o quality_n and_o their_o mixture_n to_o challenge_v a_o extraordinary_a pre-eminence_n in_o the_o disposition_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n who_o mixture_n be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o health_n or_o sickness_n the_o second_o mean_n whereby_o the_o heaven_n may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o temper_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o some_o particular_a star_n and_o constellation_n incident_a to_o particular_a place_n for_o it_o be_v blockish_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o various_a star_n of_o diverse_a colour_n and_o magnitude_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o the_o firmament_n to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o world_n and_o distinguish_v the_o time_n since_o the_o ordinary_a physician_n can_v easy_o discover_v the_o moon_n influence_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o astrologer_n will_v warrant_v much_o more_o by_o their_o observation_n as_o assign_v to_o each_o particular_a aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o particular_a and_o special_a influence_n and_o operation_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v point_v out_o and_o design_n all_o place_n alike_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o beam_n wherein_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v somewhere_o perpendicular_o other_o where_o oblique_o dart_v and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o neither_o all_o place_n can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n nor_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o proportion_n yet_o we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n have_v any_o power_n to_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n for_o the_o star_n work_v not_o immediate_o on_o the_o intellectual_a part_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n but_o mediate_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o temperament_n and_o material_a organ_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v especial_o speak_v hereafter_o where_o god_n will_v shall_v be_v open_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o celestial_a operation_n by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o the_o heaven_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v a_o diversity_n in_o place_n and_o nation_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o imbred_a quality_n figure_n and_o site_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o for_o that_o there_o be_v another_o cause_n of_o diversity_n beside_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n may_v easy_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o place_n situate_v under_o the_o same_o latitude_n partake_v of_o a_o diverse_a and_o opposite_a temper_n and_o disposition_n as_o the_o middle_n of_o spain_n about_o toledo_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o southermost_a bind_v of_o virginia_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v temperate_a betwixt_o both_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v under_o the_o selfsame_o latitude_n or_o very_o near_o without_o any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o difference_n also_o we_o sometime_o find_v place_n more_o southward_o towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o partake_v more_o of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o northern_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v without_o question_n cold_a than_o england_n although_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a likewise_o aluares_n report_v that_o he_o see_v ice_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyssine_n country_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n and_o martin_n frobisher_n relate_v that_o he_o find_v the_o air_n about_o friezland_n more_o cold_a &_o stormy_a about_o 61_o degree_n then_o in_o other_o place_n near_o 70_o degree_n wherefore_o we_o must_v needs_o ascribe_v some_o effect_n and_o operation_n to_o the_o soil_n itself_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v diverse_o vary_v with_o wood_n rivers_n marsh_n rock_n mountain_n valley_n plain_n whence_o a_o double_a variety_n arise_v first_o of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v diverse_o project_v according_a to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o place_n second_o of_o meteor_n and_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n both_o which_o concur_v must_v needs_o cause_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o man_n disposition_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n athenis_fw-la tenâ—e_fw-la coelum_fw-la thebis_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o that_o bitter_a taunt_n of_o the_o poet_n on_o boeotian_n boeotum_fw-la in_o crasso_fw-la iurares_fw-la aëre_fw-la natum_fw-la for_o ordinary_a experience_n will_v often_o show_v that_o a_o thin_a and_o sharp_a air_n usual_o produce_v the_o best_a wit_n as_o contrariwise_o gross_a and_o thick_a vapour_n draw_v from_o muddy_a and_o marish_a ground_n thicken_v and_o stupefy_v the_o spirit_n and_o produce_v man_n common_o of_o blockish_a and_o hoggish_a disposition_n and_o nature_n unapt_a for_o learning_n and_o unfit_a for_o civil_a conversation_n second_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o special_a country_n certain_a specifical_a quality_n which_o produce_v a_o certain_a sympathy_n or_o antipathy_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o plant_n and_o herb_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n spring_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o country_n be_v find_v to_o pine_v &_o wither_v in_o other_o some_o beast_n and_o serpent_n be_v in_o some_o place_n seldom_o know_v to_o breed_v or_o live_v wherewith_o notwithstanding_o other_o region_n swarm_v in_o abundance_n as_o for_o example_n ireland_n wherein_o no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a worm_n have_v be_v know_v to_o live_v whereby_o africa_n and_o many_o other_o country_n find_v no_o small_a molestation_n neither_o be_v this_o variety_n only_o show_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o variation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n whereof_o we_o may_v produce_v infinite_a example_n for_o who_o know_v not_o which_o be_v a_o physician_n that_o many_o simple_n apt_a for_o medicine_n grow_v in_o our_o land_n come_v far_o short_a in_o virtue_n of_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o other_o country_n i_o need_v among_o many_o ordinary_a instance_n give_v no_o other_o than_o in_o our_o rhubarb_n and_o tobacco_n whereof_o the_o former_a grow_v in_o our_o country_n except_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v of_o no_o use_n with_o our_o physician_n the_o other_o as_o much_o scorn_v of_o our_o ordinary_a tobacconist_n yet_o both_o general_o derive_v from_o the_o true_a mother_n the_o indies_n in_o great_a use_n and_o request_n but_o of_o this_o last_o instance_n be_v most_o common_a and_o yet_o for_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n most_o admirable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a might_n in_o some_o sort_n be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o heaven_n or_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o some_o special_a propriety_n have_v discover_v themselves_o which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o owe_v their_o cause_n to_o either_o but_o to_o some_o three_o original_a which_o the_o physician_n in_o their_o simple_n more_o proper_o term_n virtus_fw-la specifica_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v demand_v why_o country_n far_o from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v find_v hot_a than_o some_o which_o be_v near_a why_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n grape_n transport_v from_o germany_n into_o spain_n shall_v yield_v we_o the_o sherry_n sack_n every_o ordinary_a philosopher_n which_o have_v travel_v little_a beyond_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a to_o hammer_v out_o a_o cause_n as_o ascribe_v the_o former_a to_o the_o height_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o spain_n above_o that_o of_o germany_n but_o shall_v we_o far_o demand_v 1_o why_o ireland_n with_o some_o other_o region_n endure_v no_o venomous_a thing_n 2_o why_o wheat_n in_o s._n thomas_n island_n shall_v shut_v up_o all_o into_o the_o blade_n and_o never_o bear_v grain_n 3_o why_o in_o the_o same_o island_n no_o fruit_n which_o have_v any_o stone_n in_o
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o 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the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o 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a_o experiment_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v any_o thing_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n there_o will_v appear_v water_n whence_o they_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o receive_v into_o it's_o concavity_n but_o howsoever_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v many_o and_o vast_a concavity_n in_o the_o earth_n capable_a of_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o this_o reason_n although_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v water_n it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o water_n then_o that_o in_o the_o earth_n shall_v arise_v above_o the_o earth_n because_o according_a to_o their_o own_o supposition_n 9_o part_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v aristotle_n word_n be_v well_o wrest_v to_o this_o interpretation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o understand_v this_o tenfold_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o 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or_o eâ—ternall_n 5_o the_o internal_a be_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o sea_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relative_n 6_o the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n with_o the_o land_n such_o be_v either_o figure_n quality_n or_o motion_n 7_o the_o figure_n be_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o observe_v this_o theorem_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n that_o the_o whole_a water_n according_a to_o its_o outward_a superficies_n iâ—_n spherical_a and_o round_a be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o the_o first_o book_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v admit_v of_o a_o conicall_a figure_n for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o vast_a spheracity_n of_o the_o water_n no_o more_o then_o little_a hill_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o which_o point_n i_o will_v first_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o my_o conjecture_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o afterward_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o demonstration_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o mathematical_a philosophy_n endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o more_o manifest_a first_o therefore_o by_o a_o conicall_a line_n we_o understand_v a_o crooked_a line_n which_o differ_v from_o a_o periphery_a or_o circle_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o keep_v not_o always_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n but_o be_v high_a in_o the_o midst_n then_o on_o either_o side_n now_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n stand_v still_o be_v in_o their_o high_a superficies_n exact_o spherical_a they_o shall_v by_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v concentricall_a or_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n 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peripatetic_n admit_v of_o any_o drought_n in_o the_o air_n which_o this_o moist_a element_n shall_v seek_v to_o avoid_v moreover_o if_o water_n shall_v conform_v itself_o to_o roundness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o body_n whereon_o it_o fall_v then_o must_v it_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v expel_v the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v work_v on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n but_o neither_o can_v be_v grant_v with_o probability_n first_o because_o moisture_n and_o drought_n be_v not_o quality_n of_o such_o activity_n to_o drive_v and_o remove_v one_o the_o other_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o it_o be_v here_o imagine_a second_o if_o the_o moist_a shall_v work_v on_o the_o dry_a it_o shall_v either_o touch_v it_o or_o not_o if_o it_o touch_v not_o it_o can_v work_v on_o it_o because_o no_o physical_a action_n can_v be_v perform_v withâ—â—t_o touch_v 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that_o nature_n in_o they_o be_v not_o in_o such_o distress_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o special_a privilege_n i_o grant_v it_o yet_o find_v i_o in_o this_o no_o satisfaction_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o give_v a_o final_a cause_n where_o i_o seek_v a_o efficient_a for_o i_o will_v far_o ask_v by_o what_o action_n or_o motion_n this_o water_n shall_v gather_v itself_o into_o a_o circular_a figure_n and_o from_o what_o form_n it_o shall_v arise_v for_o first_o we_o have_v show_v that_o this_o motion_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o external_a drought_n we_o must_v seek_v the_o cause_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o here_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o either_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o the_o water_n or_o a_o certain_a universal_a form_n as_o some_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o general_a form_n of_o the_o universe_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o internal_a form_n of_o the_o world_n second_o 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water_n i_o here_o ask_v whither_o this_o water_n on_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o table_n equilibrate_v will_v continual_o flow_v abroad_o or_o at_o length_n suffer_v a_o stay_n or_o stop_v it_o can_v be_v continual_o spread_v abroad_o first_o because_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a for_o we_o see_v little_a drop_n cast_v on_o such_o a_o plain_a to_o confine_v themselves_o within_o certain_a bound_n and_o lest_o any_o shall_v imagine_v as_o before_o that_o this_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o table_n let_v he_o first_o moisten_v the_o table_n and_o he_o shall_v find_v no_o great_a alteration_n second_o if_o the_o water_n shall_v always_o fall_v downward_o and_o so_o still_o run_v abroad_o and_o spread_v itself_o to_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o table_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o if_o the_o table_n be_v of_o a_o infinite_a capacity_n the_o water_n thus_o shed_v will_v infinite_o flow_v abroad_o without_o intermission_n and_o so_o shall_v nature_n set_v no_o bind_v to_o the_o thickness_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n whereof_o experience_n have_v sufficient_o teach_v the_o contrary_n now_o that_o water_n thus_o stand_v still_o on_o a_o plain_a equilibrate_v table_n shall_v have_v a_o canonical_a figure_n it_o may_v be_v plain_o prove_v almost_o by_o sense_n whereby_o we_o perceive_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o extreme_n for_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o water_n thus_o stand_v be_v endow_v with_o thickness_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n wherefore_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v swell_v above_o the_o table_n it_o can_v be_v spherical_o concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n because_o in_o so_o small_a a_o segment_n of_o a_o arch_n as_o this_o little_a quantity_n of_o water_n admit_v it_o will_v be_v insensible_a it_o can_v be_v plain_a because_o the_o side_n or_o extremity_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o table_n whereas_o the_o middle_a superficies_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n 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constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o figure_n to_o partake_v of_o a_o circular_a segment_n concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n now_o because_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o figure_n can_v precise_o and_o exact_o arise_v by_o itself_o since_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o some_o what_o alter_v the_o other_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n admit_v of_o a_o figure_n mix_v and_o compound_v of_o both_o these_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o cone_n to_o express_v this_o more_o plain_o because_o this_o path_n be_v yet_o untrodden_a we_o find_v in_o the_o water_n a_o double_a motion_n direct_v to_o this_o double_a figuration_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o whereby_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v incline_v to_o a_o absolute_a roundness_n or_o spherical_a figure_n without_o respect_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n of_o which_o roundness_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o the_o late_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o much_o as_o nature_n can_v suffer_v concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o motion_n the_o water_n seek_v its_o own_o preservation_n in_o the_o late_a the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o part_n which_o concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o whole_a to_o express_v a_o little_a better_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o two_o concurrent_a operation_n we_o will_v take_v for_o a_o undoubted_a ground_n that_o god_n have_v give_v to_o nature_n a_o power_n and_o inclination_n to_o preserve_v herself_o this_o grant_v we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o a_o twofold_a preservation_n the_o one_o special_a
wherein_o every_o body_n seek_v its_o own_o safety_n the_o other_o general_n wherein_o all_o body_n concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o former_a proceed_v from_o the_o special_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o union_n of_o all_o his_o part_n to_o itself_o this_o union_n be_v great_a of_o all_o in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o all_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n admit_v no_o equality_n of_o dimension_n the_o general_n depend_v from_o the_o resultancy_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n whereby_o be_v cause_v a_o union_n of_o all_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a to_o who_o preservation_n they_o be_v secondary_o direct_v whence_o arise_v a_o double_a figurature_n of_o the_o water_n the_o one_o of_o a_o sphere_n excentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o also_o of_o a_o sphere_n but_o concentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o conicall_a figure_n be_v compound_v why_o this_o figure_n shall_v be_v more_o sensible_a in_o a_o small_a drop_n or_o quantity_n then_o in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v declare_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n well_o understand_v because_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o lesser_a sphere_n excentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o and_o the_o great_a be_v less_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v the_o sphere_n the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o convexity_n and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o sphere_n the_o lesser_a will_v the_o be_v convexity_n or_o crookedness_n wherefore_o this_o crookedness_n be_v in_o a_o small_a measure_n of_o water_n very_o sensible_a in_o a_o main_a ocean_n will_v by_o sense_n be_v hardly_o distinguish_v from_o a_o right_a line_n 8_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v twofold_a saltness_n and_o thickness_n 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o saltish_a quality_n no_o man_n have_v ever_o doubt_v at_o least_o in_o most_o part_n but_o whether_o this_o saltish_a quality_n essential_o agree_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o therein_o create_v or_o else_o accidental_o bring_v in_o i_o find_v no_o small_a difference_n among_o philosopher_n those_o which_o defend_v the_o saltishnesse_n to_o be_v accidental_a be_v divide_v into_o diverse_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n imagine_v that_o the_o earth_n chase_v and_o heat_v with_o the_o sun_n continual_o sweat_v out_o water_n whence_o be_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o shall_v have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n because_o all_o sweat_n be_v of_o this_o quality_n but_o this_o opinion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o pleasant_a allegory_n of_o the_o old_a greek_a writer_n who_o write_v their_o philosophy_n in_o verse_n and_o therefore_o use_v such_o allusion_n as_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v in_o many_o other_o matter_n poëtical_o devise_v of_o they_o yet_o refute_v of_o aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n other_o have_v more_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o this_o saltishnesse_n be_v first_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n through_o who_o part_n the_o water_n be_v strain_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v this_o quality_n be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o we_o see_v water_n be_v wring_v through_o ash_n to_o grow_v salt_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v of_o no_o great_a soundness_n because_o the_o first_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o small_a quantity_n more_o apt_a to_o yield_v and_o receive_v this_o tincture_n be_v notwithstanding_o devoide_a of_o all_o such_o quality_n beside_o this_o we_o rather_o find_v the_o contrary_a by_o experiment_n that_o sea-water_n strain_v through_o clay_n will_v turn_v fresh_a as_o likewise_o powder_a flesh_n be_v lay_v to_o soak_v â—n_v salt_n water_n will_v soon_o turn_v sweet_a the_o former_a be_v verify_v by_o baptista_n porta_n of_o the_o other_o every_o kitchenmaid_n on_o the_o seaside_n will_v inform_v us._n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v of_o aristotle_n who_o refer_v the_o saltish_a quality_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o chief_a cause_n draw_v and_o lift_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n store_n of_o exhalation_n which_o afterward_o mix_v with_o vapour_n fall_v down_o again_o by_o drop_n for_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o the_o thin_a and_o fresh_a part_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v the_o thick_a and_o low_a water_n to_o suffer_v adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o become_v salt_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o a_o exhalation_n the_o sun_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fresh_a part_n where_o thicken_a they_o descend_v in_o rain_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o sea_n salt_n the_o form_n be_v the_o strain_n and_o concoction_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o saltishnes_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o terrestrial_a dryness_n concur_v with_o moisture_n join_v with_o adustion_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o two_o thing_n be_v chief_o concur_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o saltishnesse_n to_o wit_n drought_n and_o adustion_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o instance_n of_o fresh-water_n in_o the_o kitchen_n which_o turn_v salt_n be_v much_o boil_a because_o the_o thin_a and_o sweet_a vapour_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o dissipate_v leave_v that_o behind_o which_o be_v thick_a and_o saltish_a the_o same_o will_v some_o have_v in_o the_o sea_n seethe_v as_o it_o be_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o experimental_o find_v in_o hot_a water_n on_o the_o fire_n but_o this_o be_v except_v against_o by_o some_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o many_o salt_n well_n and_o fountain_n arise_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n far_o remote_a and_o separate_a from_o this_o extreme_a heat_n and_o adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o such_o salt_n spring_n be_v either_o by_o some_o violence_n enforce_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a cavern_n and_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o tincture_n of_o saltness_n from_o some_o salt_n mineral_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v wherefore_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n i_o see_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o refute_v the_o other_o opinion_n concern_v this_o quality_n of_o such_o which_o will_v have_v it_o essential_a to_o the_o sea_n water_n and_o inbred_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v ground_v on_o two_o small_a cause_n first_o they_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fish_n who_o will_v otherwise_o rot_v because_o experience_n show_v that_o fish_n will_v soon_o putrify_v without_o salt_n but_o this_o be_v thwart_v by_o three_o reason_n first_o because_o if_o fish_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n salt_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o cook_n may_v save_v himself_o a_o labour_n in_o salt_v they_o again_o in_o his_o kitchen_n also_o fish_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v oftentimes_o preserve_v long_o and_o sweet_a less_o need_v salt_n then_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o fresh_a pond_n and_o river_n second_o if_o this_o reason_n shall_v hold_v currant_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o fish_n also_o rot_v and_o putrify_v in_o fresh_a water_n three_o why_o shall_v fish_n covet_v the_o fresh_a water_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o many_o fish_n if_o in_o it_o they_o shall_v suffer_v putrefaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o nature_n above_o all_o what_o need_v we_o fear_v this_o putrefaction_n of_o fish_n while_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o live_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o great_a preseruative_n than_o all_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o world_n or_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o doubt_v the_o same_o calamity_n in_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n which_o be_v as_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o second_o cause_n say_v they_o why_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v create_v salt_n be_v because_o the_o sea_n itself_o shall_v not_o putrify_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o salt_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n to_o resist_v putrefaction_n but_o here_o we_o may_v demand_v why_o these_o author_n shall_v fear_v putrefaction_n in_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n rather_o than_o in_o other_o water_n and_o river_n which_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereas_o aristotle_n affirm_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n that_o if_o
mountain_n out_o of_o which_o such_o spring_n arise_v can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o great_a a_o concavity_n neither_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v imagine_v but_o that_o many_o great_a river_n since_o the_o beginning_n have_v either_o be_v absolute_o dry_v up_o or_o at_o least_o diminish_v in_o their_o quantity_n their_o cistern_n be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o empty_v out_o into_o their_o channel_n if_o they_o grant_v that_o of_o this_o water_n a_o fresh_a supply_n be_v make_v it_o must_v be_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o vapour_n in_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v before_o the_o sea_n be_v low_a than_o the_o fountain_n where_o spring_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o see_v they_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n from_o their_o fountain_n as_o from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n that_o this_o supply_n of_o water_n in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o vapour_n it_o be_v also_o improbable_a in_o their_o opinion_n who_o can_v imagine_v so_o many_o engender_v in_o one_o place_n as_o to_o feed_v so_o great_a current_n as_o also_o because_o many_o river_n be_v apparent_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o the_o four_o great_a current_n of_o paradise_n this_o objection_n have_v so_o far_o drive_v the_o jesuit_n to_o their_o shift_n as_o that_o they_o have_v be_v enforce_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n who_o dream_v that_o the_o water_n be_v enforce_v upwards_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o they_o a_o little_a before_o â—ast_v by_o and_o we_o have_v before_o sufficient_o refute_v and_o whereas_o in_o the_o subsequent_a clause_n they_o labour_v to_o salve_v this_o place_n of_o ecclesiastes_n that_o all_o river_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o return_v thither_o again_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o old_a ground_n and_o â—unne_v back_o to_o aristotle_n who_o hold_v that_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o vapour_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n whereof_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o chief_a mother_n it_o will_v be_v expect_v at_o least_o that_o we_o shall_v disclose_v our_o own_o opinion_n have_v censure_v the_o former_a which_o we_o will_v brief_o do_v as_o near_o as_o probability_n can_v lead_v we_o submit_v also_o to_o those_o which_o be_v more_o judicious_a first_o therefore_o we_o will_v suppose_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n compass_v round_o about_o with_o water_n for_o howsoever_o the_o place_n more_o eminent_a and_o separate_v for_o our_o habitation_n be_v dry_a land_n yet_o not_o far_o under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o tread_v be_v the_o earth_n sprinkle_v round_o with_o water_n for_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o argument_n aswell_o from_o the_o porous_a and_o spungy_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o drink_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o height_n because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n to_o diffuse_v itself_o abroad_o as_o also_o from_o experience_n of_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n who_o in_o most_o part_n find_v water_n 2_o this_o water_n so_o environ_v the_o earth_n be_v it_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o natural_a situation_n without_o a_o external_a agent_n will_v lift_v his_o superficies_n no_o high_o than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o be_v as_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v challenge_v the_o same_o spherical_a superficies_n now_o to_o know_v how_o the_o water_n thus_o natural_o settle_v be_v notwihtstand_v lift_v up_o high_a to_o become_v the_o source_n of_o spring_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v not_o only_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n pierce_a farte_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n we_o have_v allot_v to_o the_o water_n but_o also_o to_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o sulphurous_a matter_n set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sun_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n whether_o this_o sulphurous_a matter_n be_v pure_a brimstone_n or_o bitumen_n or_o a_o mine_n of_o sea-coal_n as_o some_o have_v think_v of_o our_o baâ—hâ—s_n in_o england_n i_o will_v not_o curious_o here_o dispute_v be_v of_o itself_o too_o large_a a_o subject_n for_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o handle_v this_o heat_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o fountain_n 2_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o by_o draw_v up_o diverse_a moist_a vapour_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n and_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o present_o evaporate_v out_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v enforce_v to_o disperse_v themselves_o through_o diverse_a crooked_a passage_n where_o condensated_a by_o cold_a distil_v again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n they_o break_v out_o through_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o become_v a_o fountain_n a_o second_o way_n which_o may_v also_o seem_v probable_a be_v that_o the_o heat_n pierce_v the_o subterranean_a water_n though_o not_o able_a to_o dissolve_v much_o of_o it_o into_o vapour_n for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v notwithstanding_o through_o his_o heat_n rarify_v and_o attenuate_v these_o water_n these_o water_n then_o rarify_v must_v needs_o seek_v a_o great_a place_n wherein_o they_o may_v be_v contain_v since_o rarefaction_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n to_o a_o great_a place_n than_o before_o it_o occupy_v hence_o be_v the_o water_n enforce_v to_o enlarge_v his_o limit_n this_o enlargement_n or_o the_o place_n can_v be_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n because_o all_o that_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n can_v drink_v it_o wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o extend_v its_o limit_n sidewise_o or_o upward_o by_o the_o former_a of_o which_o it_o may_v find_v a_o passage_n to_o break_v forth_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o latter_a it_o may_v be_v lift_v high_a enough_o to_o run_v from_o the_o side_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n towards_o the_o seashore_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v ask_v why_o this_o rarefaction_n &_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o so_o sensible_a in_o the_o open_a ocean_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o much_o rarify_v &_o lift_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o ebb_v and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o part_n we_o have_v before_o dispute_v second_o that_o the_o sea-water_n shall_v not_o rise_v so_o high_a as_o other_o water_n under_o the_o ground_n these_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v first_o that_o the_o ocean_n have_v a_o large_a channel_n to_o run_v abroad_o on_o either_o side_n and_o so_o this_o swell_a must_v of_o necessity_n become_v more_o insensible_a whereas_o the_o water_n in_o cavern_n &_o concavity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v oftentimes_o straight_o bound_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n must_v of_o necessity_n take_v up_o the_o more_o in_o height_n and_o eminency_n 2_o the_o sun_n heavenly_a body_n and_o subterranean_a fire_n work_v more_o strong_o and_o effectual_o on_o the_o open_a nakedness_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o on_o the_o water_n hide_v under_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v more_o shroud_v from_o such_o a_o extreme_a heat_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o consume_v and_o dispel_v by_o the_o same_o whereas_o this_o heat_n in_o the_o subterranean_a water_n be_v more_o moderate_o impress_v do_v not_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o consume_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n but_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a temper_n rather_o rarefy_v it_o to_o the_o use_n forename_a this_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o spring_v water_n rise_v common_o in_o the_o side_n of_o mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n thin_a than_o the_o sea-water_n as_o experience_n daily_a warrant_n three_o the_o subterranean_a vapour_n be_v soon_o dissolve_v into_o drop_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a they_o must_v necessary_o meet_v within_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o other_o from_o the_o sea_n meet_v with_o no_o such_o encounter_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o middle-region_n of_o the_o air_n whence_o they_o return_v again_o in_o shower_n of_o rain_n 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n many_o history_n may_v be_v produce_v it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o caria_n near_o about_o the_o city_n lorus_n there_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n
complexion_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o extreme_n be_v compound_v of_o both_o must_v needs_o by_o mixture_n and_o participation_n enjoy_v a_o middle_a quality_n beside_o this_o eâ—poâ—iâ—ion_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o temper_n we_o shall_v observe_v many_o special_a mark_n and_o instance_n which_o will_v discover_v this_o variety_n of_o disposition_n first_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v the_o two_o quality_n of_o fecundity_n whence_o it_o must_v consequent_o follow_v those_o region_n which_o be_v most_o populous_a to_o be_v chief_o endow_v with_o this_o quality_n and_o disposition_n now_o where_o shall_v we_o of_o this_o hemisphere_n find_v any_o country_n to_o who_o nature_n owe_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o mankind_n but_o in_o the_o north_n among_o the_o goth_n the_o scythians_n the_o scandian_o and_o germane_a by_o who_o abundant_a fertility_n vast_a desert_n have_v be_v culture_v and_o inhabit_v stately_a city_n have_v be_v found_v colony_n have_v be_v transport_v and_o derive_v almost_o into_o all_o europe_n hence_o have_v methodius_n &_o p._n diacoâ—â—â—_n compare_v the_o army_n of_o the_o north_n to_o swarm_v of_o beeâ—_n and_o the_o north_n be_v term_v by_o olaus_n magnus_n the_o store-house_n of_o mankind_n to_o wit_n from_o which_o so_o many_o strong_a nation_n aâ—_n the_o goth_n the_o gepidae_n the_o hun_n the_o cymbrian_n the_o lumbards_n â—he_n alanâ—_n the_o bâ—rgundians_n the_o norman_n the_o pict_n the_o herâ—â—â—_n the_o sâ—eâ—ianâ—_n the_o slavi_fw-la the_o swiâ—zers_n and_o the_o russian_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o derive_v their_o ancestry_n but_o here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o southern_a people_n be_v much_o more_o addict_v to_o venery_n then_o the_o northern_a which_o seem_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a heat_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o insatiate_a appetite_n of_o venery_n in_o the_o southern_a people_n proceed_v not_o from_o heat_n bâ—t_v from_o choler_n adust_a and_o melancholy_a which_o humour_n carry_v in_o they_o a_o salt_n and_o sharp_a quality_n according_a to_o physician_n which_o stir_v up_o their_o appetite_n to_o venery_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o obseruâ—_n by_o experience_n for_o no_o man_n be_v more_o move_v by_o this_o itch_a appetite_n of_o carnal_a copulation_n then_o melancholy_a man_n but_o howsoever_o this_o affection_n be_v most_o predominant_a in_o such_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v hardly_o second_v by_o performance_n which_o make_v geographer_n to_o ascribe_v more_o promptness_n of_o generation_n to_o the_o northern_a man_n although_o sensual_a concupiscence_n reign_v more_o in_o the_o southern_a man_n which_o indifferent_a proportion_n be_v without_o doubt_n grant_v to_o either_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o they_o who_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a sufficiency_n shall_v less_o affect_v sensual_a delight_n then_o the_o rest_n which_o want_v that_o proportion_n of_o heaâ—_n and_o moisture_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n shall_v have_v their_o appetite_n more_o raise_v up_o to_o wantonness_n without_o the_o which_o their_o offspring_n will_v soon_o fail_v a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n be_v the_o tall_a and_o large_a stature_n of_o the_o northern_a man_n which_o argue_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereas_o the_o southern_a man_n be_v small_a and_o dwarfish_a in_o stature_n compose_v of_o weak_a and_o feeble_a nerve_n that_o the_o people_n situate_v towards_o the_o pole_n in_o a_o moderate_a distance_n surpass_v in_o greatness_n can_v be_v show_v not_o only_o in_o this_o our_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o germaâ—s_n scythian_n belgian_n â—nd_v other_o but_o also_o in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pantagones_n who_o siâ—uation_n southward_o answer_v somewhat_o near_o to_o the_o height_n of_o germany_n that_o moisture_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o growth_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetal_n which_o grow_v in_o low_a and_o marish_a ground_n increase_v to_o a_o most_o incredible_a greatness_n as_o of_o those_o foremention_v on_o the_o side_n of_o rivo_n negro_n in_o peru_n and_o near_o the_o lake_n hiarotis_n in_o india_n as_o by_o beast_n for_o first_o we_o find_v the_o moiste_v to_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a whale_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n grow_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a quantity_n second_o such_o beast_n as_o have_v hot_a and_o moist_a body_n can_v so_o well_o prosper_v and_o live_v in_o those_o southern_a country_n as_o the_o horse_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v hot_a and_o moist_a live_v but_o faint_o in_o aethiopia_n yet_o be_v of_o good_a strength_n in_o scythia_n whereas_o the_o ass_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a and_o dry_a be_v of_o great_a account_n and_o service_n in_o africa_n in_o europe_n little_o respect_v in_o scythia_n can_v live_v neither_o be_v moisture_n sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n except_o it_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o heat_n wherefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v hence_o that_o the_o northern_a man_n have_v both_o out_o of_o the_o contrary_a effect_n we_o may_v likewise_o collect_v that_o the_o southern_a man_n want_v this_o quality_n these_o reason_n indifferent_o prove_v these_o quality_n to_o wit_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n to_o be_v in_o the_o northern_a man_n and_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o southern_a diverse_a other_o argument_n be_v urge_v some_o to_o prove_v the_o one_o quality_n some_o the_o other_o apart_o a_o great_a argument_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o northern_a man_n may_v be_v his_o extraordinary_a drink_n a_o vicâ—_n which_o can_v never_o be_v reform_v or_o correct_v by_o time_n or_o statute_n this_o drought_n of_o they_o stir_v up_o this_o desire_n of_o drink_v can_v proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o their_o heat_n whereas_o the_o southern_a man_n be_v seldom_o tax_v of_o this_o vice_n not_o because_o he_o be_v more_o religious_o temperate_a than_o the_o northern_a but_o rather_o for_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o his_o body_n which_o can_v neither_o require_v or_o bear_v so_o much_o as_o the_o northern_a in_o so_o much_o as_o bodin_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o immoderate_a drink_n of_o the_o german_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v a_o great_a fault_n than_o the_o niggardly_a spare_a humour_n of_o the_o italian_a since_o both_o arise_v rather_o out_o of_o nature_n than_o education_n another_o argument_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o northern_a man_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a strength_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o southern_a man_n which_o be_v a_o apparent_a demonstration_n of_o heat_n we_o find_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o scythian_a be_v full_a of_o small_a string_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o gore_n of_o bull_n and_o boar_n and_o betoken_v strength_n whereas_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o african_a be_v thin_a such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o hart_n or_o hare_n no_o less_o be_v those_o reason_n which_o especial_o prove_v the_o northern_a man_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o much_o moisture_n three_o we_o may_v much_o better_o argue_v from_o the_o physiognomicall_a accident_n of_o the_o body_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o inhabitant_n under_o the_o tropicke_n to_o be_v exceed_o black_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o beyond_o 60_o degree_n somewhat_o brown_a but_o from_o thence_o about_o 60_o their_o colour_n be_v red_a from_o thence_o to_o 45_o degree_n whitish_a about_o the_o 30_o they_o begin_v to_o wax_v yellow_a and_o then_o some_o what_o incline_v to_o green_a all_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o blackness_n of_o the_o african_n about_o the_o tropicke_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o câ—rtaine_a â—ause_n then_o external_a heat_n and_o internal_a cold_a his_o necessary_a concomitant_a near_o to_o which_o approach_v the_o yellow_a and_o green_a colour_n of_o the_o people_n not_o far_o of_o whereof_o the_o forme_a discover_v choler_n and_o adustion_n the_o other_o melancholy_n and_o how_o soever_o the_o brownnesse_n of_o the_o people_n dwell_v very_o near_o thâ—_n pole_n may_v come_v by_o reason_n of_o external_a cold_a which_o by_o excess_n rather_o dry_v up_o their_o moisture_n then_o strengthen_v the_o internal_a heat_n yet_o the_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o 60_o degree_n be_v a_o firm_a argument_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o white_a â—ue_v of_o the_o middle_a people_n a_o apparent_a mark_n of_o a_o middle_a tempeâ—_n no_o less_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o eye_n and_o hair_n of_o these_o three_o nation_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o scythian_n be_v general_o tend_v to_o a_o gray_a colour_n the_o remote_a have_v they_o of_o a_o blew-whitish_a shine_a colour_n as_o the_o cymbrian_n and_o dane_n according_a to_o plutarch_n the_o britanne_n â—ermans_n and_o norman_n come_v near_o unto_o this_o colour_n but_o have_v they_o not_o altogether_o so_o gray_a and_o shine_a but_o more_o obscure_a but_o the_o southern_a man_n have_v â—he_n colour_n