Selected quad for the lemma: blood_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
blood_n	evil_a	extreme_a	great_a	27	3	2.1273	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80034	The poor-mans physician and chyrurgion, containing above three hundred rare and choice receipts, for the cure of all distempers, both inward and outward: together with necessary considerations before purgation; easie rules for the opening of a vein, and the manner of bleeding by horse-leeches, with a method for drawing teeth. All being of great worth, and now published for the publique good: / by Lancelot Coelson student in Physick and Astrology.	Coelson, Lancelot, 1627-ca 1687.	1656 (1656)	Wing C4884; Thomason E1666_2; ESTC R208391	66,632	176

in all parts of the body and that it can declare the full state of those members which it passeth by as of the Reins the bladder and such like But certainly in other Diseases that be out of the Veins and be distant from the places by which the Urine passeth there can be no certain judgement of the Urine unless the vehemency of the Disease have infected the blood or the liver in some sort This is the ignorance of many people they think him worthy of no estimation that cannot at the first sight of the Urine judge whether it be a mans or a womans Urine and how the Disease grieveth and whether the party shall live or die although it have been carried 20 or 30 miles which is a thing unpossible to be known by the Urine Therefore they that will take upon them to study Physick let them well observe these four things following 1. To see the sick persons and to confer with them about their grief for none can so well declare it as the party grieved 2. Let them view and feel the pulses of the sick person and observe well the state of them 3. Let them view diligently all the excrements not only the Urine but also the Spittle Sweat and Ordure 4. And lastly Consider well where the grief is and all the accidents that may happen thereupon These things ought well to be considered by all that study Physick Next we will treat somewhat of the use of blood-letting and the benefits that come thereby and also the use and benefit of Purging and I would wish all that study Physick and Chyrurgery to be carefull thereof FIrst note if the body do abound with humours which are ready to oppress nature then whether there be any sickness in the body at present or danger of sickness to ensue Those humours must be evacuated out of the body either by Blood-letting Purging Vomit Sweating Bath or else by some other evacuation But I will speak only of evacuation by Blood letting and Purging There be divers things to be considered of before blood-letting 1. The age of the patient 2. The complexion 3. The time of the year 4. The region the custom the strength and the vehemency of the Disease 1. The age of children under 14 years of age and aged persons may not be let blood unless great necessity require it 2. The complexion ought to be noted because a hot complexion hath large Veins and alway aboundeth with much blood and they may therefore forbear a good quantity of blood The cold complexion have narrow Veins and little blood and therefore their evacuation must be small 3. The time of the year must be considered that the weather be not too hot nor too cold and therefore the Spring-time is most fit to let blood because then it is temperate 4. And lastly Observe well the Region and Country the custom and strength of the Patient and the vehemency of the Disease A temperate Region is good to live in where it is not too hot nor too cold The custom must be considered for those that use to bleed may better suffer it than those that never were let blood The strength of the person must be considered for if there be great weakness it is dangerous to let blood at all without necessity requireth The vehemency of the Disease must be considered for if the Disease be vehement then you must not delay bleeding if the former circumstances will permit Then note also what sign the Moon is in you must take heed she be not in a sign that governeth that member wherein you intend to open a Vein And forsee that she be in a sign that is good to let blood in For the Complexion let blood the The Moon being in Phlegmatick Aries or Sagittarius Melancholick Libra or Aquarius Cholerick Cancer or Pisses Sanguine In either of these For his Age let blood in his youth from the change to the first quarter middle age from the first quarter to the full elder age from the full to the last quarter old age from the last quarter to the change For the time of the year as I told you before the Spring time is best Harvest indifferent let not blood the Moon in Taurus Gem. Leo Virgo or Capr. the day before nor after the change full twelve hours before and after the quartils the Moon w th Jupiter or Mars evil aspected For the time of the day let blood in the morning after sun-rising fasting afternoon after perfect digestion the air temperate not South Notwithstanding for the Phrensie the Pestilence the Squinsie the Plurisie the Apoplexy a continuall Head-ach growing of choler or blood a hot burning Feaver or any other extream pain in this case a man may not tarry a chosen time but incontinently with all speed he is to seek remedy but then you must not take away so great a quantity of blood as at a chosen time might be expected The Benefits that arise thereby 1. IT is a good remedy for all Diseases that be ingendred of abundant flowing of eruption of blood as be chiefly the Feavers called Sinochy 2. Also Phrensie Squinsie Plurisie Perip-newmoney Opthalmy and all Inflammations and Impostimations ingendred of blood in the Liver the Spleen the Reins the Womb the Shar the Armholes the Arms the Legs and to conclude it is good to bleed for all Inflammations whether it be in the inward or outward parts of the body or whether the grief is present or in danger shortly to ingender 3. It is also good in Feavers whether they be continuall or intermittent insomuch that the obstructions and stopings of the Veins be caused of immoderate reflection of the humors Note also that blood-letting doth empty and evacuate from the body all humors alike as well the good as the bad and therefore ought to be used chiefly when there is a great abundance of blood in the body and other humors Also it causeth nature to have the larger scope and a free passing by opening and emptying of the straight waies and passages of the Veins and Arteries 4. And lastly It being done in time it preventeth divers and sundry Diseases into which the body was both apt and ready to have fallen But see that none of those things which are forbidden be in the way without great necessity but then the common Proverb is Necessitas non habet legem necessity hath no Law Also let the party bleeding note that after bleeding they walk not fast or that they do not use any vehement exercise but let him be quiet and rest himself till his spirits shall be well refreshed and quieted again Again let them not sleep immediatly after it and as I told you before the time most fit to bleed is in the morning for then every digestion is perfectly finished and the superfluities and excrements of each of them avoided out which must be considered And thus have I treated concerning blood-letting of the use and benefit

incision which is made according to the length of the Vein is very expedient when we intend to renew the blood-letting and that not only upon the same day but on the next day also because that when we bend the elbow both the labia or lips of the Vein do separate and divide themselves But in what form soever we make the incision yet notwithstanding the Vein must be pierced in the middle without wholly cutting asunder of the same because the lips of the Vein might chance to be inverted inwards and then the blood cannot result out of the apertion but run downwards along by the arm or both the ends of the Vein may be drawn inwards without deliverance of any blood from it or at least in the first very little This is not enough neither but we must well observe this method after the thrust and apertion is made in the Vein and when the blood issueth thereout We shall know when the Vein most commonly is well opened when as in the first the blood rusheth and as it were leapeth out in great haste but many times through the affrighting of the Patient it immediatly altereth unto droping the reason is because then the blood is drawn inwards When this chanceth at any time unto us we must with patience abide and somewhat unbinde it and encourage the Patient causing him to move his fingers and to turn and crush the staff in his hand Sometimes the apertion in the Vein is ample enough but because the blood is gross it cannot issue thereout and for that purpose it is good to put in a little oyl into the apertion to make the blood issue forth And if the Patient be weak and feeble it is not good to draw too much blood at once but rather to renew the Phlebotomy the second time certain hours after nay if need require the third time rather then to over-charge the Patient with too great a Phlebotomy at one time The Chyrurgion must not in such a case alway follow the advice of the Physician For it might chance that before we could detract such a quantity of blood as the Physician did ordain the Patient might chance to be debilitated and in danger to fall into great faintness and swouning whereon the Chyrurgion must well consider This you may easily perceive when the Patient waxeth pale and oppressed at his heart his pulse diminishing and when the blood runneth down by his arm When at any time this chanceth the Chyrurgion must then immediatly cease bleeding laying his thumb upon the apertion of the Vein and lay the Patient upon his back with his head on a cushion sprinkling cold water on his face and give him a little wine in his mouth and cause him to smell to some Vineger and have a little patience till he reviveth and come to himself for as soon as he shall come to his former strength we may then finish the Phlebotomy Some there are which in any sort cannot endure Phlebotomy how low soever they sit although it be on a bed or although you do continually hold Vineger before their nose or give them wine to drink yet notwithstanding let them lie prostrate on the bed with their head reasonable high they can then very well endure and abide the aforesaid Phlebotomy although we draw a great quantity of blood from them After that we have detracted a reasonable quantity of blood out we must then dissolve and make loose the ligature and crush out the blood of the Vein lest that the blood congeal therein and coagulate and so exulcerate If there appeareth any little parcel of pinguedity or fat we must then gently thrust it in again with the head of a pin and not cut it off and then wipe away the blood that cleaveth and is dried or exciccated to the arm Then lay a little comprese on the apertion which is madefied in cold water and winde the lig●●●re twice or thrice about the elbow like a burgundian cross without tying both the ends fast before you have caused the Patient to bend his arm to lay the ligature thereafter This ligature must not be too stiff bound because the cicatrice by that means may quickly be situated on the apertion of the Vein The arm being thus bound if the Patient be able to walk he must wear his arm before on his breast in a scarf and if he lieth on a bed he must gently lay the same beside him without much moving of the aforesaid arm neither must he lie thereon for some have in their sleeps had their arm violently to bleed with great danger of their lives Blood issueth sometimes so violently out of some parts of the body that with no comprese or ligature we can restrain the same When this happeneth we are then constrained to lay above on the top of the apertion the one half of a green bean and the comprese thereon and so bind it together Sometimes there remaineth a nigredity or blackness and viridity or greenness about the apertion but thereof ensueth no evil unless any other accident chanceth thereunto When we do intend to renew the Phlebotomy we must then lay on the incision salted oyl because that hindreth the curing of the wound and the salt keepeth the blood from coagulation where-through the apertion of the wound is stopped And if the wound were so stopped that the blood would hardly issue thereout we must not then rigorously stretch out the arm which the Patient did carry on his breast doubled neither must we depress the Vein with great violence to get the blood thereout because such violence might cause great pain and inflammation But we must rather with a small prinet or searching iron remove that blood which therein is exciccated and dried or rather once again make an incision When we desire to make an apertion in the Veins or Arteries of the temples of the head of the forehead or under the tongue we must then cause the Patient to wring about his neck a table napkin or a towell thereby to cause the blood to ascend on high and the Veins to swell which we intend to open And when as we intend to open the Veins of the hands or feet we must bathe them in warm water because through calidity and warmth of the water the aforesaid Veins might erect themselves and the blood Vein being opened the blood may the better issue forth Thus have I as fully as may be given Rules of bleeding and the use thereof that a weak capacity may attain thereunto Some again there be which desire bleeding with horse-leeches and that you may not be left without the manner how to use them observe these following Rules Of bleeding by Horse-leeches YOu may know them thus they are little and perpusill creatures like a worm of the longitude of a finger or thereabout neither are they of any great crassitude or thickness unless it be when they are sucking of blood The end of their head hath a round hole

the substance of the body is made and expelling the adverse humours yet some part thereof remaineth in the body wherefore people ought to take heed and be carefull what Medicines they receive that in them there be no venenosity malice or corruption least for the expelling of a superfluous humour they receive a Medicine which shall ingender any venomous humour and inevitable destruction into all the whole body And note also that after any purgation is taken and hath wrought to full perfection then thirsting and sound sleeping are good signs and tokens that the body is sufficiently purged Having sufficiently treated concerning the use of Blood-letting and of Purgations and the benefit coming thereby I shall now in brief treat of the great necessity some people have to have their teeth drawn and the benefit which comes thereby and the manner how a Chyrurgion shall behave himself to draw a tooth best for the ease of the patient Of drawing Teeth SOmetime it happeneth that there is great pain incident to Teeth and such torment that the party grieved is as Phrensie that no remedy can be found but drawing forth the Tooth Whenas therefore we would draw forth a Tooth we must cause the Patient to sit down in such a place or sort as is convenient and then make choice of the corrupted or rotten Tooth that we may not mistake that from another which we must make loose from the gums and fill up the concavity or hollowness of the Tooth with a little piece of lead or a little lint or cotten filling it full so as the pelicane chance not to break thorow the hard shutting of the same Having hold of it we must easily and gently crush the instrument together lest the Tooth chance to break and then drawing the foresaid Tooth a little aside pluck it out because that if too rigorously we waggle the Tooth up or down that part of the cheek bone wherein the Tooth stood might easily be broken therefore it must not with too much violence be drawn Another reason is If it should with violence be drawn out it might disjoyn and pluck out of place the nethermost cheek-bone and so cause great perturbation in the uppermost jaw even to the eyes The Tooth being drawn we must with out finger joyn and shut together again the gums and cause the Patient to wash his mouth with a little excecrate wherein we must put in a little salt for if there be any efluxion of blood it ought not to be esteemed a small thing for I have known some to bleed even to death and therefore the surest way that ever I have known to be used is this to thrust therein some cotton which hath been madified in juice of Lemons into that place from whence the Tooth was drawn Now having sufficiently treated of that I do next purpose to discourse of the manner how to open a Vein or Phlebotomize Of Phlebotomy MY purpose and meaning is not now to describe unto you what Disease or Sickness requireth Phlebotomy or what age in what time or season of the year in what Countrey in what constitution of the body it must be done or of any particular occasion But my purpose is only to shew you how you ought to open a Vein and whereon we must diligently consider before we make the apertion therein after we have opened it and also whereon we ought not when the blood issueth forth out of the same For it is difficult and dangerous and therefore is he praise-worthy that can bleed aright It is dangerous because the Veins are situated sometimes close to the Arteries as are the sinews and Tendons that if we chance to hurt a Tendon with the Lancet thereafter most commonly issueth a Spasmus or a Gangrene and mortification and with great torment endeth his life If there be any Artery touched or opened there will be great difficulty in curing of it whereby the Patient may bleed to death and whenas we descide a Vein quite asunder both the ends thereof are immediatly retracted and drawn inward the one end one way and the other end the other way so that under the flesh both the ends are left and no blood can possibly issue thereout If it be then with too great timerousness and fear pricked and the skin only wherewith it is covered is as then inscided and the Vein not opened or else if it be only pricked with the point of the Lancet the blood as then issueth out droping-wise and the subtlest blood only cometh out where consequently thereafter it exulcerateth Sometime again the Vein lieth occultated so deep in the flesh that we cannot with the Lancet finde it without great pains Yea also and although we espy them yet through perpusillity and rotundity they avoid and eschew the point of the Lancet how acute and subtle soever the same be so that there are divers occasions wherefore Phlebotomy is difficult which to one that hath never used it it seemeth to be very easie But before the Chyrurgion maketh his apertion in the Vein if so be the Patient be restringed and bound in his belly and have not in a long time been at stool We must first of all cause him to use a Clyster because through the Phlebotomy the Veins being evacuated and emptied do not atract and draw unto them out of the guts or entrails any corrupted or rotten humours whereby any of the worthiest parts might be offended and hindered Consider whereon we ought to be well advised before we Phlebotomize PHlebotomy is not expedient when as the stomack is burthened either with any crudity of undigested meat or drink or with any other viscosity whatsoever and also it is wholly disswaded to be done after any great evacuation or any other occasion whereby the Patient might be debilitated as is the superfluous breaking a great lask great abstinence continuall vigilation and great conversation of women and when all these things are considered then proceed If any person shall desire to be Phlebotomiz'd to prevent any Disease he must then cause it to be done when he is best of courage as being freed from sorrow And beside we must not Phlebotomize any person which is fearfull and timorous to bleed because then the fear causeth the blood to withdraw it self toward the internall parts of the body Consider also how we should conveniently Phlebotomize THe Patient being lusty and strong we must then cause him to sit in a stool but if he be feeble and subject unto faintness and swouning as those be which are of a hot nature then we must first let him sip in a soft-dressed egg or a morsell of bread sopped in wine and then cause him to lie on a bed half setting upright and stuff him under with cushions as if he sate And above all note that the light of the candle or of the air do rightly shine on the Vein because that through the shadow thereof the knowledge of the Vein and of the place whereon

it must be pierced be not vanished out of your sight Then must the Chyrurgion with his right hand take the right hand of the Patient or with his left hand the left hand of the Patient out of which he meaneth to draw blood depressing the arm somewhat downward and with his hand which is free from holding the hand of the Patient or with a warmed napkin rub the inside of the arm where he intendeth to make the apertion and then binde the arm double a little above the elbow with a little narrow list or silk not too stiff nor too loose because too loose or too stiff binding do both of them hinder bleeding Then must the Patient shut his hand so that the Veins lie fast and stedfastly in the flesh and not move this way or that way and then they also raise themselves and swell the more by the which we may the easier see and feel them How we ought conveniently to make an apertion in the Vein IF the Chyrurgion determine to Phlebotomize in the right arm he must then lay hold on the said arm with his left hand by the bending of the arm or about that place where we purpose to make the apertion and lay his thumb on the Vein a little below the place where he would prick that so he may hold the Vein stedfast without gliding this way or that way because sometime the Vein spaimed like a little cord may chance to rowl and glide under the Lancet and because the aforesaid Vein is oftentime empleat with wind and ventosities it therefore yieldeth and slideth away under the Lancet where through we cannot fully pierce it and by this means the apertion-Vein falleth too small All this being in this sort noted we must with the first finger of the right hand feel where with most convenience we might make the apertion setting an impression on the skin above the Vein where you purpose to prick with the nail of your finger and then immediatly take the Lancet in the right hand which between our lips we must have in a readiness with the which we finely must make our apertion in the Vein causing the point and accuity of the same gently to enter into the concavity of the Vein and not abruptly and rudely with a hasty thrust And to make this apertion the more certain and without trembling of the hands the Chyrurgion must take the Lancet in the middle with his thumb and his first finger suffering his hand with three of his fingers to rest on the arm and so lay his thumb and his first finger which hold the Lancet on the thumb which holdeth fast the Vein and so without any tremefaction to use the same If that the apertion be made at one thrust it is good but if not you must immediatly give another prick either a little below the same or a little above it if the Vein sufficiently demonstrateth her self And when you have made the apertion and it prove too small that the blood issue out of the same too subtilly so that you fear you shall not draw blood enough thereout then immediatly we must thrust into the same apertion again and a little dilute the same because that oftentimes through too small an apertion the gross blood congealeth before the apertion and then consequently it exulcerateth Having conveniently made or brought to pass this apertion we must then give the Patient in the hand of that arm whereon he is Phlebotomized a round staff thereon to rest his arm as also to turn round the aforesaid staff in his hand that by that means the blood may the better issue out which if it do not issue out aright we must then mark if the ligature be not the cause thereof as if it were too hard tied then we must a little district and make it loose without wholly loosing of the same A Chyrurgion must also have divers Lancets whereof the one must be a little broader then the other The broad Lancets are very necessary when the Veins lie high exalted and when we desire to make an ample apertion The small narrow Lancets are very necessary when as the Veins lie profoundly occulted in the flesh and also when as in the high exalted Vein we desire to make a small apertion because sometime the Patient requireth a great and festivous Phlebotomy to the which end we must make an ample apertion as we must also do if we conjecture the blood to be gross and when the Patient is lusty and strong And contrarily if so be we retract and draw back the blood which supernaturally hath issued out of any part of the body as in those which spit blood or those which bleed much at the nose As then we must make our apertion small by reason great evacuation of blood is not necessary for them because through their noses they have avoided sufficient then only in such accidents is required a regression of blood And besides it is necessary that in the aforesaid evacuation and sickness we suffer the blood to run out long enough out of the apertion of the Vein which the Patient would not be able to endure if the aforesaid apertion were ample because there would issue too much blood otherwaies thereout We are also in Phlebotomy urged to make a small apertion in those which are troubled with the frensie and in those which are grown mad because that a little wound might with all expedition be cured again For such frantick persons will alway make loose the ligature or dressing before we are aware thereof and so they might come in danger of bleeding to death But the apertion being small although they loosen the arm yet notwithstanding they cannot bleed violently because in such a small apertion the blood congealeth and stoppeth the wound We ought in small Veins to make a small apertion and in great Veins an ample apertion For if so be we make a small apertion in a great Vein then will necessarily follow that the blood which coagulateth in the small Veins be a hinderance unto the issuing or running out of the blood Touching the form and figure of the incision it is effected three sundry sorts and fashions The first is made overthwart The second to the length of the Vein so that the Vein is cleft or split and not pricked The third is a mean between them both which we may properly call the contradictory apertion because so it is made We make the apertion overthwart when we are minded to reiterate the Phlebotomy for when we bend the arm or elbow then both the ends of the Vein joyn together again this figure or form is very necessary when as we desire to make a large apertion We must make the apertion sidelong or contradictory when we purpose to iterate the Phlebotomy and we making the apertion in this manner very seldom or never miss the Vein and it is better for the circumstances and standers by when the blood issueth out That