decemb._n 6._o 1676._o i_o do_v allow_v the_o print_n of_o this_o book_n fra._n north._n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n assert_v from_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n in_o all_o case_n where_o a_o person_n by_o law_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v for_o kill_v of_o another_o person_n that_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v draw_v for_o murder_n and_o that_o the_o grand_a jury_n ought_v to_o find_v it_o murder_n where_o their_o evidence_n be_v that_o the_o party_n intend_v to_o be_v indict_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n and_o do_v kill_v the_o other_o person_n by_o zachary_n babington_n gent._n gen._n ix_o 6._o quicunque_fw-la effuderit_fw-la humanum_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la fundetur_fw-la sanguis_fw-la illius_fw-la ad_fw-la imaginem_fw-la quip_n dei_fw-la creatus_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la num_fw-la xxxv_o 33._o nec_fw-la aliter_fw-la expiari_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la qui_fw-la alterius_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la effuderit_fw-la london_n print_v for_o john_n amery_n at_o the_o peacock_n against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1677._o the_o author_n to_o the_o reader_n he_o that_o read_v the_o ensue_a tract_n will_v soon_o find_v that_o much_o of_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n to_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o book_n and_o may_v well_o if_o not_o better_a have_v pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o preface_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v excuse_v this_o in_o which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o ground_n and_o reason_n that_o put_v i_o upon_o this_o argument_n answer_v all_o objection_n that_o may_v he_o make_v against_o the_o author_n for_o be_v a_o sanguinary_a person_n in_o treat_v so_o positive_o upon_o this_o subject_a show_v the_o necessity_n of_o determine_v the_o law_n herein_o in_o point_n of_o practice_n by_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o may_v object_v against_o the_o length_n of_o it_o whereas_o the_o question_n be_v so_o short_a explain_v the_o grand_a juror_n oath_n and_o last_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v all_o difficulty_n make_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o say_a oath_n two_o reason_n principal_o move_v i_o to_o this_o undertake_n the_o one_o be_v the_o great_a contest_v and_o difference_n i_o have_v too_o often_o observe_v between_o the_o judge_n and_o grand_a juror_n about_o find_v of_o bill_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n whereby_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n may_v receive_v its_o full_a disquisition_n in_o court_n and_o not_o in_o a_o grand_a jury_n chamber_n the_o grand_a juror_n as_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n both_o of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o fact_n which_o be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n they_o be_v of_o neither_o find_v the_o indictment_n sometime_o manslaughter_n when_o they_o shall_v find_v it_o murder_n contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o learned_a judge_n and_o of_o the_o king_n council_n whereby_o a_o murderer_n many_o time_n escape_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o law_n be_v not_o determine_v in_o this_o point_n betwixt_o the_o judge_n and_o grand_a juror_n the_o consequence_n must_v needs_o be_v that_o grand_a juror_n that_o hear_v but_o one_o side_n will_v in_o the_o end_n take_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n from_o the_o second_o jury_n that_o be_v proper_a judge_n of_o it_o and_o shall_v try_v it_o and_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n from_o the_o learned_a judge_n that_o shall_v give_v the_o judgement_n of_o law_n upon_o it_o and_o this_o be_v so_o plain_o prove_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n and_o have_v be_v so_o often_o in_o practice_n that_o i_o know_v nothing_o can_v be_v say_v against_o it_o peradventure_o some_o may_v say_v sure_o he_o that_o write_v this_o book_n be_v vir_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la that_o desire_v such_o severe_a justice_n against_o every_o man_n that_o kill_v 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fellow_n creature_n will_v hardly_o himself_o avoid_v the_o imputation_n of_o a_o sanguinary_a person_n this_o way_n propose_v will_v prevent_v that_o evil_a practice_n too_o much_o use_v of_o labour_v and_o pack_v grand_a juror_n in_o point_n of_o favour_n when_o they_o be_v assure_v before_o that_o all_o accusation_n by_o grand_a juror_n for_o the_o unlawful_a kill_n of_o a_o reasonable_a creature_n must_v be_v murder_n it_o will_v conduce_v very_o much_o to_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o business_n in_o court_n and_o be_v a_o great_a ease_n to_o grand_a juror_n that_o now_o spend_v very_o much_o unnecessary_a time_n in_o question_n about_o the_o law_n in_o such_o case_n which_o be_v better_o spend_v in_o examine_v the_o fact_n and_o leave_v the_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o the_o court._n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v he_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o english_a law_n and_o to_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o overlook_v the_o just_a and_o profitable_a consequence_n thereof_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o ensue_a tract_n assert_v but_o what_o be_v agreeable_a as_o i_o conceive_v to_o the_o statute_n and_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o best_a allow_a practice_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a judge_n at_o who_o foot_n i_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n to_o sit_v many_o year_n both_o before_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o since_o the_o happy_a restauration_n of_o our_o most_o gracious_a sovereign_n and_o agreeable_a to_o sound_v reason_n the_o full_a and_o best_a disquisition_n after_o innocent_a blood_n and_o who_o can_v but_o allow_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o english_a nation_n at_o present_a bellum_fw-la when_o duel_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o england_n authority_n it_o be_v make_v matter_n of_o triumph_n for_o one_o hector_n as_o they_o call_v he_o to_o kill_v another_o if_o it_o be_v but_o for_o not_o pledge_v a_o health_n or_o something_o that_o look_v like_o a_o affront_n to_o his_o miss_n in_o place_v she_o at_o a_o ball_n corrupt_v in_o a_o playhouse_n the_o tavern_n or_o the_o like_a and_o this_o must_v not_o only_o engage_v the_o two_o differ_a party_n although_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o sacrifice_v their_o own_o life_n victo_fw-la and_o sometime_o two_o second_o or_o more_o person_n of_o as_o equal_a quality_n to_o lose_v their_o life_n in_o the_o conflict_n or_o by_o the_o law_n if_o death_n ensue_v to_o any_o of_o they_o in_o which_o contest_v they_o be_v no_o more_o concern_v than_o to_o second_v their_o friend_n and_o with_o their_o own_o life_n to_o justify_v the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o two_o differ_a party_n as_o if_o both_o of_o they_o have_v a_o good_a cause_n and_o be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o as_o sometime_o the_o occasion_n be_v so_o trivial_a not_o fit_a for_o two_o boy_n to_o dispute_v as_o to_o what_o may_v be_v object_v to_o the_o length_n
a_o beast_n and_o kill_v cain_n gen._n and_o the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n believe_v that_o at_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n when_o the_o grave_a and_o hell_n shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o dead_a cain_n that_o fratricide_n and_o murderer_n shall_v lead_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o captain_n of_o the_o damn_a in_o hell_n among_o all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o he_o himself_o appoint_v the_o israelite_n his_o own_o people_n when_o they_o be_v to_o inhabit_v canaan_n the_o land_n of_o promise_n there_o be_v not_o any_o mercy_n or_o city_n of_o refuge_n appoint_v for_o a_o murderer_n or_o manslayer_n but_o only_o where_o it_o be_v do_v unaware_o as_o several_a clear_a case_n be_v put_v in_o scripture_n to_o make_v this_o plain_a 23._o 35_o numb_a 23._o v._n if_o one_o throw_v a_o stone_n that_o a_o man_n die_v thereof_o and_o see_v he_o not_o but_z do_v it_o unaware_o so_o the_o 19_o deut._n 5._o when_o a_o man_n go_v to_o the_o wood_n with_o his_o neighbour_n mark_n how_o strong_o this_o case_n be_v put_v 5._o with_o his_o neighbour_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o have_v no_o unkindness_n for_o to_o hew_v wood_n and_o as_o his_o hand_n fetch_v a_o stroke_n with_o the_o axe_n to_o cut_v down_o the_o tree_n the_o head_n slip_v of_o from_o the_o helve_z and_o smite_v his_o neighbour_n that_o he_o die_v in_o these_o and_o many_o such_o like_a case_n there_o put_v he_o shall_v flee_v to_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o stay_v there_o until_o the_o congregation_n shall_v judge_v betwixt_o the_o manslayer_n and_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o witting_o or_o unaware_o the_o hebrew_n understand_v by_o the_o congregation_n the_o senator_n and_o chief_a judge_n of_o the_o city_n and_o although_o it_o be_v do_v unaware_o and_o so_o adjudge_v by_o the_o congregation_n yet_o so_o heinous_a be_v the_o offence_n of_o blood_n before_o god_n though_o nothing_o of_o man_n will_n in_o it_o that_o even_o such_o manslayer_n be_v never_o during_o his_o life_n afterward_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o city_n until_o it_o be_v so_o adjudge_v by_o the_o congregation_n or_o until_o the_o death_n of_o the_o highpriest_n who_o be_v a_o type_n of_o christ_n that_o set_v we_o all_o free_a for_o if_o he_o do_v depart_v than_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n who_o be_v next_o kinsman_n to_o the_o party_n slay_v may_v if_o he_o meet_v he_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o he_o so_o it_o be_v very_o apparent_a that_o before_o these_o city_n of_o refuge_n be_v appoint_v for_o mercy_n to_o he_o that_o have_v kill_v another_o unaware_o such_o a_o manslayer_n may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o have_v kill_v another_o wilful_o and_o after_o they_o be_v ordain_v they_o can_v not_o be_v intend_v to_o show_v mercy_n or_o to_o be_v a_o asylum_n or_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o have_v willing_o wilful_o or_o by_o a_o passionate_a assault_n kill_v another_o if_o it_o be_v object_v as_o what_o sin_n or_o offender_n be_v there_o that_o have_v not_o his_o advocate_n that_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 19_o of_o deut._n 11._o v._n 11._o but_o if_o any_o man_n hate_v his_o neighbour_n and_o lie_v await_v for_o he_o and_o rise_v against_o he_o and_o smite_v he_o that_o he_o die_v and_o then_o fly_v to_o any_o of_o those_o city_n he_o shall_v be_v fetch_v thence_o and_o deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n that_o he_o may_v die_v thy_o eye_n though_o the_o tender_a part_n thou_o have_v shall_v not_o spare_v he_o how_o comely_a soever_o his_o person_n may_v seem_v but_o thou_o shall_v put_v innocent_a blood_n from_o israel_n that_o it_o may_v go_v well_o with_o thou_o people_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v infer_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n be_v ordain_v for_o all_o sort_n of_o manslaughter_n but_o where_o it_o be_v do_v of_o malice_n forethought_a ancient_a hatred_n or_o with_o a_o sedate_n and_o malicious_a mind_n hereby_o imply_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v another_o upon_o a_o sudden_a quarrel_n assault_n or_o in_o heat_n of_o blood_n as_o it_o be_v term_v may_v fly_v to_o a_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o find_v sanctuary_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v upon_o a_o very_a great_a mistake_n nor_o can_v the_o judicial_n of_o god_n herein_o put_v into_o several_a plain_n and_o illustrate_v case_n by_o god_n himself_o be_v reconcile_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o understand_v it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 31._o exod._n 13._o if_o a_o man_n lay_v not_o wait_v but_o god_n deliver_v he_o into_o his_o hand_n than_o i_o will_v appoint_v thou_o a_o place_n whither_o he_o shall_v fly_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o deliver_v he_o into_o his_o hand_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o providence_n that_o can_v not_o be_v foresee_v and_o so_o not_o possible_a to_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o manslayer_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o of_o his_o will_n but_o pure_o chance_v and_o unaware_o as_o in_o the_o case_n put_v before_o of_o cast_v the_o stone_n and_o kill_v one_o he_o see_v not_o cut_v of_o the_o wood_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o helm_n of_o the_o axe_n or_o bough_n from_o the_o tree_n where_o many_o such_o example_n may_v be_v give_v which_o the_o law_n of_o england_n now_o sum_v up_o in_o one_o head_n or_o reason_n viz._n 12._o where_o one_o be_v do_v a_o lawful_a and_o justifiable_a act_n in_o his_o trade_n call_v or_o lawful_a recreation_n and_o by_o chance_n and_o unaware_o another_o happen_v to_o be_v kill_v by_o he_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n now_o instead_o of_o a_o city_n of_o refuge_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o show_v for_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a by_o express_a place_n of_o scripture_n that_o all_o other_o voluntary_a kill_n of_o a_o man_n unlawful_o find_v no_o mercy_n no_o city_n of_o refuge_n but_o there_o the_o manslayer_n be_v to_o die_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n it_o appear_v so_o before_o the_o magistrate_n or_o congregation_n as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o few_o case_n out_o of_o scripture_n 12._o 21._o exod._n 12._o he_o that_o smite_v a_o man_n that_o he_o die_v shall_v be_v slay_v for_o it_o if_o any_o destruction_n follow_v there_o he_o shall_v give_v life_n for_o life_n except_o it_o be_v unaware_o 18._o so_o in_o the_o 16_o 17_o 18._o v_o of_o the_o 31._o of_o number_n if_o any_o man_n smite_v another_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o iron_n that_o he_o die_v than_o he_o be_v a_o murderer_n and_o the_o murderer_n shall_v die_v for_o it_o if_o he_o smite_v he_o by_o throw_v a_o stone_n that_o he_o die_v he_o that_o smite_v he_o be_v a_o murderer_n action_n let_v the_o same_o murderer_n be_v slay_v therefore_o the_o avenger_n of_o blood_n himself_o shall_v slay_v the_o murderer_n when_o he_o meet_v he_o he_o shall_v slay_v he_o mark_v the_o ingemination_n he_o shall_v sure_o slay_v he_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 21._o exod._n 12._o he_o that_o smite_v a_o man_n that_o he_o die_v shall_v die_v the_o death_n that_o be_v shall_v sure_o die_v for_o this_o double_n of_o the_o word_n importat_fw-la majorem_fw-la certitudinem_fw-la import_v great_a certainty_n and_o yet_o in_o all_o these_o case_n not_o one_o word_n of_o malice_n lie_v in_o wait_n or_o enmity_n die_v it_o be_v a_o general_a law_n he_o that_o kill_v shall_v be_v kill_v again_o and_o this_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o like_a as_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n ut_fw-la putridum_fw-la membrum_fw-la abscindatur_fw-la ut_fw-la reliqua_fw-la conserventur_fw-la that_o a_o rot_a member_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o that_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v preserve_v so_o a_o murderer_n be_v to_o be_v kill_v ne_fw-la plures_fw-la occidantur_fw-la lest_o more_o shall_v be_v kill_v this_o law_n be_v give_v unto_o noah_n 9_o gen._n 9_o when_o the_o world_n be_v restore_v and_o here_o it_o be_v but_o repeat_v and_o renew_v the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n herein_o consent_v with_o moses_n the_o athenian_n do_v severe_o punish_v murder_n expel_v the_o murderer_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n and_o from_o all_o society_n and_o colloquy_n of_o man_n till_o he_o have_v his_o judgement_n and_o by_o the_o law_n cornelia_n among_o the_o roman_n he_o which_o have_v kill_v another_o with_o sword_n or_o poison_n or_o by_o false_a testimony_n lose_v his_o head_n if_o he_o be_v of_o the_o better_a sort_n if_o of_o mean_a condition_n he_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o cross_n or_o cast_v unto_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v himself_o like_o a_o tiger_n among_o man_n simler_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o severity_n be_v because_o murderer_n deface_v the_o image_n of_o god_n in_o man_n body_n
be_v find_v before_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n and_o that_o make_v too_o special_o verdict_n or_o else_o general_o not_o guilty_a if_o they_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o special_a matter_n as_o the_o grand_a jury_n find_v before_o they_o and_o the_o judge_n and_o court_n shall_v afterward_o adjudge_v as_o they_o may_v have_v hear_v the_o evidence_n that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la it_o be_v either_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n then_o no_o judgement_n of_o death_n or_o clergy_n can_v be_v give_v upon_o that_o indictment_n or_o verdict_n but_o all_o must_v be_v try_v over_o again_o and_o a_o new_a circuit_n of_o business_n upon_o a_o second_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n and_o how_o dilatory_a and_o idle_a will_v this_o be_v at_o a_o assize_n in_o course_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n if_o judge_n stamford_n be_v alive_a again_o although_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o judgement_n he_o will_v sure_o with_o some_o other_o error_n in_o that_o book_n recant_v this_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o prisoner_n to_o have_v it_o find_v special_o by_o the_o grand_a jury_n for_o he_o can_v never_o plead_v either_o such_o a_o acquittal_n or_o conviction_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n or_o manslaughter_n in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v and_o well_o consider_v this_o seven_o chapter_n write_v by_o judge_n stamford_n in_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o this_o opinion_n be_v especial_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o he_o come_v to_o observe_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n and_o how_o the_o certificate_n of_o such_o a_o pardon_n of_o course_n shall_v be_v obtain_v must_v of_o necessity_n hold_v his_o first_o opinion_n in_o that_o chapter_n for_o the_o special_a matter_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v very_o inconsiderate_o express_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o learned_a judge_n for_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la mistake_v in_o this_o as_o in_o some_o other_o opinion_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o style_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o which_o he_o be_v detect_v by_o the_o lo._n coke_n and_o other_o that_o follow_v he_o who_o stand_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n must_v needs_o see_v far_o than_o he_o do_v or_o can_v as_o to_o instance_n in_o some_o few_o as_o first_o 6._o that_o respite_n of_o execution_n where_o a_o woman_n be_v priviment_n enfent_n where_o a_o woman_n after_o judgement_n plead_v her_o belly_n shall_v be_v grant_v only_o say_v he_o in_o felony_n whereas_o it_o be_v grantable_a both_o in_o high_a treason_n and_o petit_fw-la treason_n 18._o a_o second_o be_v 52._o that_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n after_o the_o murder_n and_o homicide_n commit_v shall_v be_v account_v after_o the_o blow_n give_v or_o poison_v administer_v whereas_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v after_o the_o death_n 53._o for_o then_o the_o party_n be_v murder_v and_o not_o after_o the_o stroke_n or_o poison_v give_v coke_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 41_o 42._o in_o heydon_n case_n a_o three_o observe_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n write_v upon_o the_o statute_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 12._o which_o make_v it_o felony_n to_o steal_v away_o record_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n their_o procurer_n counsellor_n and_o abettor_n say_v this_o act_n express_o extend_v to_o accessary_n before_o and_o leave_v accessary_n after_o to_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n rep._n yet_o there_o may_v be_v accessary_n after_o the_o fact_n for_o whensoever_o a_o offence_n be_v make_v a_o felony_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o shall_v be_v accessary_n to_o it_o both_o before_o and_o after_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o act_n express_v only_a accessary_n before_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o accessary_n after_o but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n and_o again_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 8_o h._n 29._o 6._o c._n 29._o insufficiency_n or_o want_n of_o freehold_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o challenge_n to_o alien_n who_o be_v impanel_v with_o alien_n notwithstanding_o mr._n 160._o justice_n stamford_n opinion_n pl._n coron_n 160._o for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 2_o h._n 3._o 5._o c._n 3._o shall_v extend_v only_o to_o inquest_n betwixt_o denizen_n and_o denizen_n but_o enough_o and_o perhaps_o too_o much_o have_v be_v say_v in_o mention_v the_o mistake_n of_o that_o reverend_n and_o learned_a judge_n sr._n pleas._n william_n stamford_n in_o that_o book_n of_o his_o term_a placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o title_n of_o it_o have_v be_v correct_v amend_v and_o enlarge_v since_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o urge_v in_o the_o least_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o learning_n and_o honour_n of_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a judge_n or_o from_o the_o value_n of_o that_o book_n which_o notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o few_o mistake_v find_v in_o it_o yet_o be_v of_o as_o high_a esteem_n as_o any_o book_n of_o the_o law_n extant_a upon_o that_o subject_a but_o principal_o to_o show_v that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o err_v in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v grand_a juror_n find_v the_o special_a matter_n as_o in_o those_o mention_v and_o that_o no_o human_a author_n in_o the_o law_n or_o any_o other_o science_n be_v infallible_a and_o that_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o we_o ground_n any_o law_n upon_o the_o bare_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o two_o person_n though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a part_n or_o esteem_n whereby_o to_o justify_v or_o maintain_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o practice_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v finis_fw-la duellum_fw-la quasi_fw-la duorum_fw-la bellum_fw-la do_v without_o authority_n be_v a_o war_n against_o authority_n that_o which_o the_o victor_n think_v to_o be_v his_o honour_n prove_v his_o dishonour_n his_o life_n his_o land_n and_o good_n be_v by_o law_n forfeit_v and_o his_o blood_n corrupt_v infoelix_fw-la pugna_fw-la ubi_fw-la majus_fw-la periculum_fw-la incumbit_fw-la victori_fw-la quam_fw-la victo_fw-la victo_fw-la the_o oath_n of_o a_o grand_a juror_n stamf._n fol._n 36._o 27._o lib._n ass_n murdrum_n de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la non_fw-la adjudicetur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la ubi_fw-la infortunium_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la adjudicatum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la locum_fw-la habeat_fw-la murdrum_n de_fw-la interfectis_fw-la per_fw-la feloniam_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la statut._n de_fw-fr marlebridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 26._o 26._o utramque_fw-la partem_fw-la ni_fw-fr audias_fw-la ne_fw-la judices_fw-la qui_fw-la judicat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la parte_fw-la inaudita_fw-la altera_fw-la licet_fw-la aequum_fw-la judicaret_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la yet_o grand_a juror_n take_v themselves_o to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n fact_n if_o he_o have_v council_n he_o must_v pray_v it_o before_o he_o plead_v not_o guilty_a he_o can_v after_o 3._o inst_n fol._n 129._o 129._o and_o that_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o regular_o he_o can_v have_v council_n the_o second_o reason_n be_v the_o court_n ought_v to_o see_v the_o indictment_n trial_n and_o other_o proceed_n good_a in_o law_n lest_o by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n they_o attaint_v the_o prisoner_n 3._o inst._n 137._o fol._n 29._o secta_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v by_o indictment_n which_o be_v the_o king_n suit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v his_o declaration_n the_o king_n former_o do_v not_o pardon_v homicidium_fw-la but_o sectam_fw-la pacis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la de_fw-la homicidiis_fw-la 3._o inst_n fol._n 235._o 235._o 25_o e._n 3._o 4._o 5_o e._n 3._o 9_o 42_o e._n 3._o 3_o vit._n abbot_n st._n alban_n 143._o 143._o 37_o e._n 3._o 18._o 18._o cook_n 3._o inst_n tit._n indict_v 136._o 136._o except_o by_o utlawry_n utlawry_n no_o peer_n or_o subject_a can_v be_v convict_v by_o verdict_n but_o the_o offence_n must_v be_v find_v by_o twenty_o four_o four_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr procheines_fw-fr to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v he_o most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n ibid._n the_o king_n jury_n jury_n jus_fw-la à _fw-la jovis_n nomine_fw-la jus_fw-la qu._n jovis_n os_fw-la omne_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la v_o statut._n 3_o ed._n 1._o c._n 11._o forasmuch_o as_o many_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n and_o culpable_a of_o the_o same_o by_o favourable_a inquest_n take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o king_n
which_o will_v be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o therefore_o the_o grand_a juror_n have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o enlarge_v in_o their_o declaration_n or_o accusation_n for_o the_o king_n as_o in_o all_o declaration_n at_o law_n be_v usual_a as_o far_o as_o the_o law_n will_v heighten_v all_o offence_n in_o blood_n 235._o since_o the_o other_o jury_n have_v so_o much_o liberty_n to_o lessen_v the_o damage_n and_o extenuate_v the_o crime_n whatever_o the_o accusation_n be_v now_o upon_o what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o this_o preface_n and_o the_o book_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o much_o i_o have_v subject_v myself_o ad_fw-la capio_fw-la lectoris_fw-la to_o the_o various_a censure_n of_o the_o several_a reader_n especial_o such_o as_o use_v to_o serve_v or_o may_v serve_v on_o grand_a jury_n gentleman_n i_o know_v of_o the_o best_a quality_n next_o to_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o which_o employment_n for_o their_o king_n and_o country_n it_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o serve_v and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v no_o dishonour_n nor_o indignity_n to_o any_o of_o they_o to_o entertain_v or_o at_o least_o to_o peruse_v this_o advice_n how_o they_o may_v with_o the_o great_a prudence_n and_o fidelity_n pass_v through_o a_o enquiry_n after_o innocent_a bloodshed_n when_o they_o be_v call_v unto_o it_o and_o leave_v nothing_o therein_o of_o this_o cry_v sin_n to_o be_v repent_v of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o full_o inquire_v of_o by_o they_o that_o so_o their_o exact_a care_n and_o justice_n may_v keep_v themselves_o secure_a from_o the_o guilt_n of_o innocent_a blood_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v meet_v with_o some_o reader_n so_o possess_v with_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n by_o a_o erroneous_a practice_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a juror_n oath_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o read_v the_o title_n will_v cast_v away_o the_o book_n and_o cry_v a_o paradox_n other_o happy_o more_o unbiased_a in_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o more_o moderation_n and_o ingenuity_n if_o they_o dislike_v will_v public_o confute_v it_o with_o strong_a argument_n and_o ground_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o better_a experience_n in_o point_n of_o practice_n and_o so_o determine_v the_o point_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v have_v my_o end_n i_o be_o very_o certain_a that_o i_o enter_v not_o upon_o this_o subject_a with_o a_o offensive_a mind_n but_o cum_fw-la moderamine_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la not_o with_o a_o direct_a design_n to_o kill_v any_o but_o rather_o to_o fright_v weaken_v and_o drive_v away_o that_o daemon_n of_o passion_n in_o man_n to_o commit_v murder_n and_o to_o give_v the_o best_a advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n a_o small_a thing_n oft_o time_n have_v the_o power_n to_o redress_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n yea_o to_o take_v up_o a_o cruel_a feud_n as_o virgil_n say_v of_o that_o of_o bee_n when_o they_o be_v actual_o engage_v in_o battle_n he_o motus_fw-la animorum_fw-la atque_fw-la haec_fw-la certamina_fw-la tanta_fw-la pulveris_fw-la exigui_fw-la jactu_fw-la compressa_fw-la quiescent_n advice_n to_o grand_a juror_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v the_o great_a happiness_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o in_o all_o common_a and_o ordinary_a trial_n of_o offence_n criminal_a and_o capital_a as_o treason_n murder_n felony_n and_o misdemeanour_n each_o freeman_n and_o so_o be_v all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o to_o this_o shall_v receive_v his_o trial_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o his_o equal_n which_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n in_o these_o word_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n liberties_n or_o free-custom_n nor_o be_v outlaw_v banish_a or_o in_o any_o manner_n destroy_v etc._n etc._n but_o by_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n this_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v partly_o repeat_v in_o a_o late_a statute_n 143._o and_o there_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v expound_v indictment_n process_n by_o writ_n original_a and_o course_n of_o the_o law_n another_o statute_n recite_v it_o and_o instead_o of_o the_o word_n law_n of_o the_o land_n put_v in_o process_n of_o the_o law_n as_o equivalent_a and_o synonimous_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o again_o a_o statute_n of_o that_o king_n say_v 18._o no_o man_n shall_v answer_v without_o presentment_n before_o the_o justice_n or_o matter_n of_o record_n or_o by_o due_a process_n and_o writ_n original_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n of_o the_o land_n 136._o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o lo._n cook_n that_o oracle_n of_o the_o law_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o common_a offence_n and_o nuisance_n the_o king_n can_v in_o a_o ordinary_a way_n put_v any_o man_n to_o answer_v but_o he_o must_v be_v apprise_v by_o indictment_n or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n a_o felon_n or_o a_o murderer_n can_v be_v convict_v utlawry_n or_o attaint_v though_o he_o confess_v the_o felony_n or_o murder_n until_o a_o grand_a jury_n have_v present_v the_o offence_n nor_o can_v any_o person_n general_o and_o ordinary_o be_v convict_v or_o attaint_v or_o have_v judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n upon_o any_o criminal_a accusation_n but_o there_o must_v be_v two_o jury_n pass_v upon_o he_o at_o least_o 24_o person_n the_o one_o a_o grand_a jury_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o present_v the_o offence_n fit_a for_o a_o trial_n the_o other_o a_o petit_fw-fr or_o lesser_a jury_n inter_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o personam_fw-la accusat_fw-la to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o presentment_n four_o the_o grand_a jury_n come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o county_n ibid._n the_o other_o jury_n of_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n de_fw-fr vicinetto_fw-it where_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v for_o vicini_fw-la vicinorum_fw-la facta_fw-la optime_fw-la praesumuntur_fw-la scire_fw-la and_o so_o in_o probability_n of_o law_n be_v presume_v to_o know_v something_o experimental_o beside_o what_o they_o have_v by_o testimony_n both_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n truth_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o happy_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o his_o witness_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o county_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n nay_o le_fw-fr plus_fw-fr prochein_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o by_o artic._n super_fw-la cap._n 9_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o must_v be_v most_o near_o most_o sufficient_a and_o least_o suspicious_a ibid._n the_o first_o be_v call_v a_o grand_a jury_n or_o a_o great_a jury_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o number_n be_v above_o twelve_o the_o general_a certainty_n of_o all_o other_o jury_n and_o may_v be_v as_o many_o as_o the_o court_n please_v but_o usual_o exceed_v not_o 23_o and_o in_o good_a prudence_n when_o there_o be_v much_o or_o weighty_a business_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n for_o if_o there_o be_v less_o or_o more_o they_o may_v be_v so_o divide_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o verdict_n as_o by_o experience_n have_v be_v observe_v for_o less_o than_o twelve_o agree_v can_v make_v a_o legal_a verdict_n or_o they_o be_v call_v grand_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n and_o greatness_n of_o their_o estate_n ability_n of_o their_o judgement_n be_v of_o good_a education_n or_o last_o which_o i_o conceive_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la they_o be_v style_v jury_n juratores_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la pro_fw-la corpore_fw-la com._n juror_n for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n for_o the_o county_n of_o s._n and_o as_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o have_v a_o unlimited_a power_n to_o present_v all_o offence_n commit_v in_o their_o county_n that_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regis_fw-la against_o the_o peace_n the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n against_o either_o statute_n or_o common_a law_n they_o be_v the_o great_a and_o grand_a spring_n or_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o the_o court_n that_o give_v motion_n to_o all_o the_o other_o wheel_n their_o presentment_n be_v the_o key_n that_o either_o open_v or_o shut_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n in_o every_o offence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v care_n that_o as_o well_o the_o grand_a jury_n as_o the_o other_o jury_n consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la good_a and_o lawful_a man_n each_o man_n must_v be_v probus_fw-la quasi_fw-la probatus_fw-la a_o approve_a honest_a man_n well_fw-mi
a_fw-fr graec._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o qui_fw-la progredi_fw-la possit_fw-la praegredi_fw-la debet_fw-la he_o that_o will_v go_v on_o in_o virtue_n certain_o ought_v principal_o to_o be_v choose_v to_o attend_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v call_v justitia_fw-la quasi_fw-la juris_fw-la statio_fw-la vel_fw-la status_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la justitiam_fw-la jus_o stat_fw-la i._o exercetur_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v call_v justice_n because_o it_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o right_n miserable_fw-la servitus_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_fw-la vagum_fw-la justice_n be_v one_o of_o the_o cardinal_n virtue_n ought_v to_o be_v attend_v by_o none_o but_o the_o virtuoso_fw-la the_o most_o virtuous_a pious_a and_o ingenuous_a person_n probi_fw-la signify_v not_o only_o faithful_a but_o skilful_a none_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v faithful_a in_o keep_v a_o oath_n suspect_v that_o want_v skill_n to_o know_v how_o to_o perform_v his_o duty_n what_o expectation_n can_v there_o be_v of_o a_o good_a verdict_n from_o a_o bad_a or_o ignorant_a man_n can_v he_o that_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o understand_v a_o cause_n ever_o make_v a_o right_a judgement_n of_o it_o will_v a_o liar_n present_v a_o truth_n a_o thief_n convict_v his_o fellow_n thief_n a_o man_n of_o blood_n a_o murderer_n or_o who_o can_v expect_v justice_n from_o he_o who_o neither_o to_o his_o god_n nor_o to_o himself_o be_v just_a 133._o or_o true_a he_o that_o believe_v judge_n be_v quasi_fw-la dei_fw-la god_n as_o the_o scripture_n call_v they_o or_o that_o god_n sit_v among_o and_o be_v present_a with_o judge_n in_o judgement_n as_o in_o the_o scripture_n sense_n it_o be_v truth_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v believe_v can_v but_o apprehend_v how_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v to_o bring_v such_o a_o jury_n before_o such_o a_o presence_n to_o act_v in_o a_o concernment_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n as_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n who_o verdict_n ought_v to_o be_v veredictum_fw-la a_o true_a say_n 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not_o a_o infallible_a evidence_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v and_o as_o every_o juror_n ought_v to_o be_v probus_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o honest_a and_o a_o skilful_a man_n so_o ought_v every_o one_o to_o be_v legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o person_n so_o qualify_v that_o the_o law_n allow_v of_o for_o a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o honest_a prudent_a and_o just_a man_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n not_o a_o lawful_a juryman_n for_o in_o one_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la that_o be_v not_o ligeus_n &_o subditus_fw-la dom._n regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la treason_n for_o the_o law_n provide_v that_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n shall_v be_v try_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o their_o equal_n their_o fellow_n subject_n in_o a_o proper_a sense_n he_o be_v say_v in_o law_n not_o to_o be_v legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la that_o be_v homo_fw-la utlagatus_fw-la a_o outlaw_a person_n one_o that_o be_v extra_fw-la legem_fw-la positus_fw-la who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o one_o that_o be_v extraneus_fw-la a_o alien_n a_o stranger_n one_o not_o only_o put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o the_o law_n will_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o as_o he_o so_o stand_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o juror_n nay_o such_o a_o person_n be_v a_o juror_n will_v make_v the_o verdict_n void_a and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a exception_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o any_o of_o the_o juror_n be_v outlaw_v but_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n he_o be_v not_o legalis_fw-la homo_fw-la such_o a_o legal_a and_o indifferent_a person_n as_o the_o law_n require_v who_o be_v either_o in_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o blood_n to_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o partial_a or_o in_o such_o a_o evil_a reputation_n 32._o as_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o unjust_a for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o a_o father_n to_o be_v of_o a_o jury_n to_o try_v his_o son_n or_o the_o son_n the_o father_n brother_n uncle_n or_o near_a relation_n to_o try_v one_o another_o so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o he_o that_o be_v particeps_fw-la criminis_fw-la or_o indeed_o criminalis_fw-la homo_fw-la a_o man_n that_o stand_v judicial_o accuse_v indict_v convict_v or_o attaint_v for_o felony_n to_o try_v another_o for_o felony_n or_o indeed_o to_o be_v a_o grand_a juror_n to_o present_v it_o the_o law_n provide_v that_o each_o juror_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o person_n rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la that_o stand_v right_a in_o court_n above_z and_o against_o all_o natural_a rational_a and_o legal_a exception_n qui_fw-la accusat_fw-la integrae_fw-la famae_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la criminosus_fw-la for_o certain_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o a_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o wise_o to_o discern_v the_o cause_n in_o question_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a and_o perplex_a evidence_n many_o time_n require_v as_o great_a ability_n in_o the_o juror_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o in_o the_o 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abuse_v of_o it_o be_v better_o care_v take_v in_o return_n of_o juror_n 116._o i_o dare_v say_v the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o will_v not_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o excellent_a the_o excellency_n of_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o long_a constant_a and_o general_a use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o people_n of_o england_n this_o way_n of_o trial_n to_o have_v all_o their_o estate_n injury_n and_o live_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o those_o neighbour_n of_o our_o own_o degree_n and_o parity_n and_o without_o exception_n upon_o a_o lawful_a challenge_n certain_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v more_o for_o the_o commendation_n of_o it_o than_o the_o constant_a practice_n and_o unanimous_a approbation_n of_o it_o in_o england_n to_o this_o day_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o it_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o mr._n daniel_n and_o polydore_n virgil_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o polydore_n as_o say_v the_o excellent_a sr._n h._n savil_n be_v a_o italian_a and_o a_o stranger_n in_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o deceive_v 3._o it_o be_v of_o english_a saxon_a descent_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n etheldred_n cap._n 4._o thus_o in_o all_o hundred_o let_v assembly_n be_v and_o twelve_o freeman_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a together_o shall_v swear_v not_o to_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o absolve_v the_o guilty_a it_o be_v in_o use_n with_o the_o french_a in_o the_o age_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o that_o will_v see_v more_o of_o this_o let_v they_o read_v that_o learned_a and_o ancient_a book_n write_v by_o judge_n fortescue_n in_o commendation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v leave_v this_o subject_a have_v brief_o touch_v upon_o the_o happiness_n and_o liberty_n the_o subject_n of_o england_n enjoy_v to_o have_v their_o trial_n for_o their_o estate_n and_o life_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la by_o juries_n of_o twelve_o man_n what_o manner_n of_o person_n grand_a juror_n and_o those_o 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whatever_o their_o practice_n be_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n a_o cry_a sin_n to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v but_o the_o vigour_n in_o the_o juice_n and_o the_o life_n of_o a_o beast_n be_v but_o the_o vigour_n in_o the_o blood_n but_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n be_v a_o 4._o spirit_n and_o spiritual_a substance_n the_o breath_n of_o god_n breathe_v into_o he_o and_o not_o to_o be_v extinguish_v unjust_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n certain_o vox_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la est_fw-la vox_fw-la clamantis_fw-la it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o sin_n laborum_fw-la that_o the_o scripture_n call_v clamantia_fw-la peccata_fw-la cry_v sin_n that_o cry_v to_o god_n for_o vengeance_n even_o in_o this_o world_n upon_o the_o manslayer_n immediate_o after_o the_o flood_n god_n command_v that_o blood_n unjust_o shed_v shall_v be_v require_v by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o manquiller_n it_o be_v within_o the_o 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may_v be_v give_v be_v it_o safe_a or_o seasonable_a to_o make_v reflection_n of_o divers_a murder_n that_o have_v too_o easy_o slip_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n by_o the_o averseness_n ignorance_n or_o partiality_n of_o grand_a juror_n in_o not_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o this_o particular_a of_o find_v bill_n murder_n instead_o of_o manslaughter_n yea_o and_o that_o many_o time_n upon_o direction_n give_v in_o court_n after_o open_a evidence_n which_o open_a evidence_n to_o a_o grand_a jury_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o blood_n ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v in_o regard_n it_o do_v too_o much_o lay_v open_a and_o betray_v the_o king_n evidence_n to_o stander_n by_o it_o may_v be_v friend_n of_o the_o prisoner_n that_o may_v make_v too_o much_o use_v of_o it_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o prejudice_n of_o truth_n beside_o many_o witness_n although_o upon_o their_o oath_n will_v not_o speak_v so_o full_o 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information_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n shall_v be_v open_a and_o common_a and_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v what_o great_a inconvenience_n be_v in_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o appeal_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o so_o indeed_o as_o many_o if_o not_o more_o instance_n of_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v give_v of_o grand_a juror_n in_o this_o age_n the_o best_a thing_n corrupt_v prove_v the_o worst_a you_o may_v conceive_v what_o great_a complaint_n have_v former_o be_v make_v against_o grand_a juror_n in_o parliament_n in_o err_v upon_o both_o hand_n by_o take_v too_o much_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o and_o not_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 8._o in_o the_o 3_o h._n 8._o immediate_o after_o appeal_n begin_v to_o fall_v off_o as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v to_o reform_v they_o and_o to_o reform_v the_o sheriff_n power_n in_o return_v they_o the_o whole_a authority_n of_o return_v inquest_n to_o take_v indictment_n be_v by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o h._n 4._o in_o sheriff_n and_o bailiff_n of_o franchise_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 3_o of_o h._n 8._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o bribe_v of_o sheriff_n and_o their_o bailiff_n and_o officer_n many_o true_a and_o substantial_a person_n be_v divers_a time_n wrongful_o indict_v of_o murder_n felony_n and_o other_o misdemeanour_n to_o the_o utter_a loss_n of_o their_o life_n good_n and_o land_n and_o sometime_o also_o great_a felony_n and_o murder_n be_v conceal_v and_o not_o present_v by_o the_o grand_a juror_n partial_o return_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o their_o minister_n for_o the_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v
difference_n betwixt_o they_o yet_o all_o be_v reconcile_v and_o they_o good_a friend_n again_o and_o this_o only_a a_o casual_a and_o sudden_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o new_a occasion_n and_o exceed_o provoke_v unto_o it_o by_o he_o that_o be_v slay_v so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v satisfy_v to_o find_v it_o murder_v in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n be_v upon_o our_o oath_n to_o make_v true_a inquiry_n and_o if_o we_o find_v not_o the_o malice_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n another_o jury_n can_v try_v it_o beside_o we_o have_v former_a practice_n of_o our_o side_n other_o grand_a juror_n have_v have_v and_o take_v the_o same_o liberty_n and_o why_o shall_v not_o we_o the_o judge_n likewise_o in_o their_o charge_n inform_v we_o of_o all_o the_o specifical_a difference_n in_o manslaughter_n which_o we_o conceive_v they_o intend_v we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o it_o come_v in_o proof_n before_o we_o in_o our_o inquiry_n this_o i_o conceive_v be_v as_o much_o as_o grand_a 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probable_a accusation_n no_o conviction_n against_o such_o a_o person_n that_o have_v have_v his_o hand_n in_o blood_n have_v kill_v a_o man_n be_v vir_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la and_o here_o certain_o it_o will_v be_v the_o best_a satisfaction_n to_o conscience_n and_o that_o be_v the_o best_a friend_n we_o can_v satisfy_v to_o have_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v more_o judicial_o and_o circumspect_o examine_v sift_v and_o try_v out_o by_o another_o jury_n by_o a_o learned_a judge_n in_o a_o public_a court_n to_o the_o party_n face_n where_o the_o king_n witness_n and_o the_o party_n himself_o and_o his_o witness_n may_v be_v full_o hear_v and_o the_o whole_a matter_n full_o try_v and_o debate_v which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o a_o grand_a jury_n chamber_n but_o be_v altogether_o stifle_v and_o obstruct_v if_o the_o grand_a juror_n suffer_v it_o not_o to_o come_v to_o this_o judicial_a test_n and_o trial_n but_o shall_v put_v out_o the_o word_n exit_fw-la malitia_fw-la praecogitata_fw-la or_o otherwise_o alter_v the_o king_n declaration_n and_o indictment_n which_o already_o have_v have_v proceed_n in_o it_o and_o that_o in_o court_n of_o record_n where_o it_o have_v be_v advise_v by_o the_o king_n council_n upon_o perusal_n of_o information_n and_o examination_n from_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o coroner_n in_o that_o case_n certify_v to_o the_o court_n and_o upon_o hear_v the_o prosecutor_n and_o his_o witness_n and_o so_o draw_v and_o present_v to_o the_o court_n witness_n swear_v to_o it_o and_o indorsed_n jurat_fw-la in_o curia_n swear_v in_o court_n and_o so_o become_v something_o more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a declaration_n or_o write_v in_o parchment_n to_o be_v alter_v by_o any_o without_o advice_n or_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n for_o if_o it_o may_v be_v so_o the_o king_n council_n and_o their_o advice_n together_o with_o the_o judge_n in_o such_o case_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a in_o draw_v or_o advise_v any_o indictment_n of_o murder_n if_o grand_a juror_n in_o their_o chamber_n may_v from_o their_o own_o advice_n alter_v it_o as_o they_o please_v the_o judge_n themselves_o be_v as_o well_o concern_v in_o conscience_n to_o do_v right_a to_o the_o prisoner_n and_o party_n accuse_v as_o grand_a juror_n can_v be_v and_o also_o admit_v that_o the_o witness_n shall_v inform_v the_o grand_a jury_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passionate_a and_o sudden_a fall_v out_o or_o that_o it_o be_v do_v unaware_o or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v but_o what_o they_o apprehend_v it_o to_o be_v they_o can_v inform_v but_o what_o they_o see_v or_o hear_v or_o believe_v they_o be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a only_o and_o can_v prove_v but_o for_o that_o instant_n the_o fact_n be_v do_v they_o dare_v not_o swear_v that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o fall_v out_o before_o and_o as_o they_o can_v or_o haply_o will_v not_o prove_v a_o express_a malice_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o swear_v that_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o or_o not_o such_o a_o malice_n as_o the_o law_n imply_v neither_o can_v the_o witness_n judge_v in_o all_o case_n what_o be_v manslaughter_n at_o common_a law_n what_o upon_o the_o statute_n what_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la what_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la what_o be_v justifiable_a or_o what_o be_v murder_n neither_o indeed_o in_o all_o these_o case_n can_v the_o grand_a juror_n nor_o be_v it_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o specifical_a difference_n each_o circumstance_n may_v so_o much_o alter_v a_o case_n and_o will_v they_o then_o by_o their_o uncertain_a judgement_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n conclude_v and_o preclose_v the_o court_n and_o determine_v the_o law_n that_o this_o fact_n of_o blood_n shall_v go_v no_o high_o than_o they_o please_v to_o adjudge_v it_o as_o in_o the_o case_n put_v of_o a_o child_n that_o kill_v another_o not_o the_o grand_a jury_n who_o see_v not_o the_o child_n but_o the_o court_n and_o 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that_o those_o that_o be_v dumb_a and_o mute_n and_o infant_n shall_v be_v discharge_v upon_o arraignment_n which_o show_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v indict_v of_o murder_n but_o how_o shall_v they_o be_v arraign_v when_o they_o can_v hear_v or_o speak_v and_o plead_v i_o conceive_v by_o the_o inspection_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n upon_o their_o arraignment_n i_o mean_v upon_o the_o indictment_n find_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o judge_n not_o the_o grand_a juror_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o what_o shall_v be_v murder_n so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o kill_v a_o thief_n that_o attempt_v to_o rob_v or_o commit_v murder_n which_o be_v justifiable_a this_o must_v judicious_o and_o certain_o appear_v so_o upon_o the_o trial_n that_o the_o court_n may_v judge_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o intention_n to_o steal_v or_o to_o commit_v murder_n or_o rape_n and_o not_o let_v such_o a_o surmise_n only_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o 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