wealth_n to_o satisfy_v therewith_o either_o his_o pleasure_n or_o want_n his_o cruelty_n make_v the_o people_n rebellious_a and_o their_o rebellion_n make_v he_o the_o more_o cruel_a in_o which_o case_n many_o innocent_n be_v make_v the_o oblation_n of_o his_o ambitious_a fear_n many_o heavy_a taxation_n be_v impose_v upon_o they_o their_o ancient_a lord_n be_v remove_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o policy_n of_o state_n be_v dash_v to_o dust_n all_o lay_v couch_v under_o the_o conqueror_n sword_n to_o be_v new_o fashion_v by_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v best_a fit_v for_o his_o advantage_n he_o erect_v castle_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o which_o the_o tower_n near_o london_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o afterward_o be_v increase_v both_o in_o compass_n and_o in_o strength_n by_o addition_n of_o the_o outward_a wall_n in_o these_o he_o plant_v garrison_n of_o norman_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o hostile_a country_n not_o without_o oppression_n to_o the_o people_n 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into_o normandy_n and_o attend_v the_o further_a favour_n of_o time_n so_o after_o canutus_n succeed_v in_o england_n first_o harold_n surname_v harefoot_n bastard_n son_n to_o canutus_n and_o after_o he_o hardicanutus_n son_n to_o canutus_n by_o emma_n mother_n also_o to_o king_n edward_n hardicanutus_n be_v dead_a the_o nobility_n of_o the_o realm_n send_v into_o normandy_n for_o edward_n to_o be_v their_o king_n whereto_o also_o he_o be_v appoint_v as_o some_o have_v write_v by_o hardicanutus_n but_o because_o alphred_n his_o brother_n upon_o the_o like_a invitation_n have_v be_v traitorous_o take_v and_o slay_v before_o william_n at_o that_o time_n duke_n of_o normandy_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o depart_v until_o he_o have_v receive_v for_o pledge_n of_o his_o safety_n woolnoth_n son_n to_o earl_n goodwin_n and_o hacon_n son_n
face_n of_o the_o french_a involue_v they_o all_o as_o in_o a_o thick_a and_o dark_a cloud_n which_o deprive_v they_o of_o all_o foresight_n and_o direction_n in_o govern_v their_o affair_n the_o valiant_a be_v nothing_o discern_v from_o the_o coward_n no_o difference_n can_v be_v set_v between_o contrivance_n and_o chance_n all_o labour_v in_o one_o common_a calamity_n and_o every_o one_o increase_v the_o fear_n of_o his_o fellow_n the_o norman_n have_v well_o spend_v their_o shot_n and_o perceive_v the_o french_a in_o this_o sort_n both_o disorder_v and_o dismay_v come_v down_o from_o the_o hill_n where_o they_o hover_v before_o and_o fall_v to_o the_o close_a stroke_n of_o battaile-axe_n and_o sword_n most_o cruel_o rage_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o enemy_n by_o who_o if_o any_o spark_n of_o valour_n be_v show_v be_v at_o so_o great_a disadvantage_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n it_o be_v altogether_o lose_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o relieve_n other_o that_o it_o be_v not_o 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every_o minute_n to_o be_v aslail_v while_o no_o man_n see_v any_o thing_n but_o death_n and_o despair_n behold_v a_o messenger_n come_v from_o the_o duke_n not_o to_o offer_v but_o to_o desire_v peace_n and_o to_o crave_v protection_n of_o the_o french_a king_n according_a to_o the_o trust_n which_o robert_n the_o duke_n father_n repose_v in_o he_o there_o need_v not_o many_o word_n to_o persuade_v peace_n be_v sign_v protection_n assure_v in_o a_o more_o ample_a manner_n than_o it_o be_v require_v then_o the_o messenger_n with_o many_o good_a word_n appease_v the_o king_n heaviness_n tell_v he_o that_o his_o vanguard_n be_v safe_a his_o carriage_n not_o touch_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v furnish_v with_o horse_n both_o for_o burden_n and_o draught_n in_o stead_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v slay_v these_o word_n as_o a_o sweet_a enchantment_n ravish_v the_o french_a king_n with_o sudden_a joy_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o gather_v up_o their_o baggage_n a_o spectacle_n both_o lamentable_a and_o loathsome_a be_v present_v unto_o they_o the_o valley_n cover_v and_o in_o some_o place_n heap_v with_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n many_o not_o once_o touch_v with_o any_o weapon_n lay_v tread_v to_o death_n or_o else_o stifle_v with_o dust_n and_o sand_n many_o grievous_o wound_v retain_v some_o remainder_n of_o life_n which_o they_o express_v with_o cry_n and_o groan_n many_o not_o mortal_o hurt_v be_v so_o overlay_v with_o the_o slay_v that_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o free_v themselves_o towards_o who_o it_o be_v memorable_a what_o manly_a both_o pity_n and_o help_v the_o norman_n do_v afford_v and_o so_o the_o french_a king_n more_o by_o courtesy_n of_o his_o enemy_n then_o either_o by_o courage_n or_o discretion_n of_o his_o own_o return_v in_o reasonable_a state_n to_o paris_n upon_o these_o event_n of_o open_a hostility_n guy_n earl_n of_o burgogne_n who_o have_v take_v to_o wife_n alix_n daughter_n to_o duke_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o aunt_n to_o duke_n william_n conspire_v with_o nicellus_fw-la precedent_n of_o constantine_n ranulph_n vicecount_v of_o bayon_n baimond_n and_o diverse_a other_o sudden_o to_o surprise_v the_o duke_n and_o slay_v he_o in_o the_o night_n a_o certain_a fool_n nothing_o regard_v for_o his_o want_n of_o wit_n observe_v their_o preparation_n secret_o get_v away_o and_o in_o the_o dead_a of_o the_o night_n come_v to_o valogne_n where_o the_o duke_n then_o lie_v no_o less_o slender_o guard_v with_o man_n than_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v sleight_n for_o defence_n here_o he_o continue_v rap_v at_o the_o gate_n and_o cry_v out_o until_o it_o be_v open_v and_o he_o bring_v to_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o duke_n to_o who_o he_o declare_v the_o conspiracy_n with_o circumstance_n of_o such_o moment_n that_o the_o duke_n forthwith_o take_v his_o horse_n and_o post_v alone_o towards_o falais_n a_o especial_a place_n for_o strength_n of_o defence_n present_o after_o his_o departure_n the_o 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donation_n of_o earl_n herebert_n as_o before_o it_o be_v show_v and_o by_o donation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n hengist_n obtain_v kent_n the_o first_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n in_o britain_n after_o which_o time_n the_o country_n be_v never_o long_a time_n free_a from_o invasion_n first_o by_o the_o english_a and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n afterward_o by_o the_o seven_o saxon_a kingdom_n among_o themselves_o and_o then_o last_o by_o the_o dane_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o be_v settle_v in_o any_o certain_a form_n of_o succession_n by_o blood_n as_o it_o have_v be_v since_o but_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o do_v often_o pass_v by_o transaction_n or_o gift_n and_o he_o who_o sword_n can_v cut_v best_a be_v always_o adjudge_v to_o have_v most_o right_o but_o of_o this_o question_n more_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n 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of_o normandy_n and_o also_o join_v to_o he_o in_o blood_n by_o the_o father_n side_n yet_o be_v that_o no_o sufficient_a defence_n for_o harold_n the_o usurp_a possession_n of_o harold_n â—…a_fw-la can_v not_o be_v defend_v by_o allege_v a_o better_a title_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o injury_n which_o he_o do_v to_o edgar_n can_v not_o serve_v he_o for_o a_o title_n against_o any_o other_o these_o ground_n of_o his_o pretence_n beautify_v with_o large_a amplification_n of_o the_o benefit_n which_o he_o have_v do_v to_o king_n edward_n he_o impart_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o at_o time_n be_v repute_v the_o arbitrator_n of_o controversy_n which_o do_v rise_v between_o prince_n and_o the_o rather_o to_o procure_v his_o favour_n and_o to_o gain_v the_o countenance_n of_o religion_n to_o his_o cause_n he_o promise_v to_o hold_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n of_o the_o apostolic_a sea_n hereupon_o alexander_n then_o bishop_n of_o rome_n allow_v his_o title_n and_o send_v unto_o he_o a_o white_a hallow_a banner_n to_o advance_v upon_o the_o prow_n of_o his_o ship_n also_o a_o agnus_n dei_fw-la of_o gold_n and_o one_o of_o s._n peter_n hair_n together_o with_o his_o blessing_n to_o begin_v the_o enterprise_n but_o now_o concern_v his_o further_a proceed_n concern_v his_o victorious_a both_o entrance_n and_o continuance_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n two_o point_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v consider_v one_o how_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o no_o great_a either_o power_n or_o dominion_n do_v so_o sudden_o prevail_v against_o a_o courageous_a king_n possess_v of_o a_o large_a and_o puissant_a state_n the_o other_o be_v how_o he_o so_o secure_v his_o victory_n as_o not_o the_o english_a not_o the_o britain_n not_o the_o dane_n not_o any_o other_o can_v dispossess_v or_o much_o disturb_v he_o &_o his_o posterity_n from_o enjoy_v the_o fair_a fruit_n thereof_o and_o if_o we_o give_v to_o either_o of_o these_o their_o true_a respect_n we_o shall_v find_v his_o commendation_n to_o consist_v not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o first_o as_o in_o the_o second_o because_o that_o be_v effect_v chief_o by_o force_n this_o by_o wisdom_n only_o which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o man_n so_o few_o man_n do_v therein_o excel_v he_o that_o win_v a_o state_n surmount_v only_o outward_a difficulty_n but_o he_o that_o assure_v the_o same_o travail_v as_o well_o against_o internal_a weakness_n as_o external_a strength_n to_o attain_v a_o kingdom_n be_v many_o time_n a_o gift_n of_o fortune_n but_o to_o provide_v that_o it_o may_v long_o time_n continue_v firm_a be_v not_o only_o to_o oppose_v against_o humane_a force_n but_o against_o the_o very_a malice_n of_o fortune_n or_o rather_o the_o power_n and_o wrath_n of_o time_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v natural_o inclineable_a to_o change_v for_o the_o first_o then_o beside_o the_o secret_a work_n and_o will_n of_o god_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o cause_n beside_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n for_o which_o the_o prophet_n say_v kingdom_n be_v transport_v from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o king_n edward_n not_o long_o before_o make_v a_o manifest_a way_n for_o this_o invasion_n and_o change_n for_o although_o he_o be_v english_a by_o birth_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o education_n in_o normandy_n he_o be_v altogether_o become_v a_o normane_n both_o in_o affection_n and_o in_o behaviour_n of_o life_n so_o as_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o the_o english_a abandon_v the_o ancient_a usage_n of_o their_o country_n and_o with_o great_a aeneid_n affection_n or_o affectation_n rather_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o fashion_n of_o france_n his_o chief_a acquaintance_n and_o familiar_a friend_n be_v no_o other_o than_o norman_n towards_o who_o be_v a_o mild_a and_o soft_a spirit_a prince_n he_o be_v very_o bountiful_a and_o almost_o immoderate_a in_o his_o savour_n these_o he_o enrich_v with_o great_a possession_n these_o he_o honour_v with_o the_o high_a place_n both_o of_o dignity_n and_o charge_n chief_o he_o advance_v diverse_a of_o they_o to_o the_o best_a degree_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o church_n by_o who_o favour_n duke_n william_n afterward_o be_v both_o animate_v &_o aid_v in_o his_o exploit_n general_o as_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o england_n conceive_v a_o hard_a opinion_n of_o harold_n for_o that_o upon_o the_o same_o day_n wherein_o king_n edward_n be_v bury_v he_o set_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o own_o head_n without_o religious_a ceremony_n without_o any_o solemnity_n of_o coronation_n so_o they_o dare_v not_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o pope_n displeasure_n but_o give_v either_o furtherance_n or_o forbearance_n to_o the_o duke_n proceed_n and_o to_o abuse_v the_o credit_n which_o they_o have_v with_o the_o people_n in_o work_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o norman_n now_o of_o what_o strength_n the_o clergy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o this_o which_o follow_v it_o may_v appear_v after_o that_o harold_n be_v slay_v edwine_n and_o morcar_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o marckland_n brother_n of_o great_a both_o authority_n and_o power_n within_o the_o realm_n have_v induce_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o declare_v edgar_n athelinge_v to_o be_v their_o king_n but_o the_o prelate_n not_o only_o cross_v that_o purpose_n but_o deliver_v edgar_n the_o next_o heir_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o duke_n again_o when_o the_o duke_n after_o his_o great_a victory_n at_o hastings_n advance_v his_o army_n towards_o hartford-shire_n frederick_n abbot_n of_o s._n alban_n have_v cause_v the_o wood_n belong_v to_o his_o church_n to_o be_v fell_v and_o the_o tree_n to_o be_v cast_v so_o thick_a in_o the_o way_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v compel_v to_o coast_n about_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o berkhamstead_n to_o this_o place_n the_o abbot_n under_o surety_n come_v unto_o he_o and_o be_v demand_v wherefore_o he_o alone_o do_v offer_v that_o opposition_n against_o he_o with_o a_o confident_a countenance_n he_o return_v answer_v that_o he_o have_v do_v no_o more_o than_o in_o conscience_n and_o by_o nature_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o that_o if_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o clergy_n have_v bear_v the_o like_a mind_n he_o shall_v never_o have_v pierce_v the_o land_n so_o far_o well_o answer_v the_o duke_n i_o know_v that_o your_o clergy_n be_v powerful_a indeed_o but_o if_o i_o live_v and_o prosper_v in_o my_o affair_n i_o shall_v govern_v their_o greatness_n well_o enough_o assure_o nothing_o do_v soon_o work_v the_o conversion_n or_o subversion_n of_o a_o state_n then_o that_o any_o one_o sort_n of_o subject_n shall_v grow_v so_o great_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o over-rule_v all_o the_o rest_n beside_o this_o disposition_n of_o the_o clergy_n diverse_a of_o the_o nobility_n also_o do_v nothing_o favour_n king_n harold_n or_o
a_o firm_a countenance_n but_o word_n well_o temper_v with_o modesty_n and_o respect_n they_o demand_v of_o he_o the_o use_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o law_n that_o in_o other_o matter_n they_o will_v yield_v obedience_n unto_o he_o that_o without_o this_o they_o desire_v not_o to_o live_v the_o king_n be_v content_a to_o strike_v sail_n to_o the_o storm_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o vain_a satisfaction_n for_o the_o present_a know_v right_o well_o that_o the_o general_a custom_n &_o law_n of_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v in_o short_a time_n overflow_v these_o particular_a place_n so_o pledge_v be_v give_v on_o both_o side_n they_o conduct_v he_o to_o rochester_n and_o yield_v the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o dover_n into_o his_o power_n in_o former_a time_n many_o farm_n and_o manor_n be_v give_v by_o bare_a word_n without_o write_v only_o with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o head-piece_n with_o a_o horn_n or_o stand_a goblet_n and_o many_o tenement_n with_o a_o quill_n with_o a_o horse-combe_n with_o a_o bow_n with_o a_o arrow_n but_o this_o sincere_a simplicity_n at_o that_o time_n be_v change_v and_o whereas_o charter_n and_o deed_n be_v before_o make_v firm_a by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o party_n with_o cross_n of_o gold_n or_o of_o some_o other_o colour_n then_o they_o be_v firm_v by_o the_o party_n special_a seal_n set_v upon_o wax_n under_o the_o teste_fw-la of_o three_o or_o four_o witness_n he_o ordain_v also_o his_o counsel_n of_o state_n his_o chancery_n his_o exchequer_n his_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o always_o remove_v with_o his_o court_n these_o place_n he_o furnish_v with_o officer_n and_o assign_v four_o term_n in_o the_o year_n for_o determine_v controversy_n among_o the_o people_n whereas_o before_o all_o suit_n be_v summary_o hear_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o gemote_a or_o monthly_a convention_n in_o every_o hundred_o without_o either_o formality_n or_o delay_n he_o cause_v the_o whole_a realm_n to_o be_v describe_v in_o a_o censuall_a roll_n so_o as_o there_o be_v not_o one_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o both_o the_o yearly_a rent_n and_o the_o owner_n thereof_o be_v therein_o set_v down_o how_o many_o plowland_n what_o pasture_n fen_n or_o marsh_n what_o wood_n park_n farm_n and_o tenement_n be_v in_o every_o shire_n and_o what_o every_o one_o be_v worth_a also_o how_o many_o villain_n every_o man_n have_v what_o beast_n or_o cattle_n what_o fee_n what_o other_o good_n what_o rent_n or_o commodity_n his_o possession_n do_v yield_v this_o book_n be_v call_v the_o roll_n of_o winton_n because_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n by_o the_o english_a it_o be_v call_v doom_n day_n book_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o generality_n thereof_o or_o else_o corrupt_o in_o stead_n of_o domus_fw-la dei_fw-la book_n for_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n in_o a_o place_n call_v domus_fw-la dei_fw-la according_a to_o this_o roll_n taxation_n be_v impose_v sometime_o two_o shilling_n and_o sometime_o six_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n a_o hide_n contain_v 20._o acre_n beside_o ordinary_a provision_n for_o his_o house_n in_o all_o those_o land_n which_o he_o give_v to_o any_o man_n he_o reserve_v dominion_n in_o chief_a to_o himself_o for_o acknowledgement_n whereof_o a_o yearly_a rent_n be_v pay_v unto_o he_o and_o likewise_o a_o fine_a whensoever_o the_o tenant_n do_v alien_a or_o die_v these_o be_v bind_v as_o client_n unto_o he_o by_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o homage_n and_o if_o any_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v in_o minority_n the_o king_n receive_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o have_v the_o custody_n and_o dispose_n of_o the_o heir_n body_n until_o his_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n it_o be_v report_v of_o caligula_n that_o when_o he_o intend_v calig_n to_o make_v advantage_n of_o his_o penal_a edict_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v write_v in_o so_o small_a letter_n and_o the_o table_n of_o they_o to_o be_v fasten_v so_o high_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o read_v they_o so_o the_o king_n cause_v part_n of_o those_o law_n that_o he_o establish_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o norman_a language_n which_o be_v a_o barbarous_a and_o break_a french_a not_o well_o understand_v of_o the_o natural_a french_a and_o not_o at_o all_o of_o the_o vulgar_a english_a the_o residue_n be_v not_o write_v at_o all_o but_o leave_v almost_o arbitrarie_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o reason_n and_o discretion_n at_o large_a hereupon_o it_o follow_v partly_o through_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o partly_o through_o the_o malice_n of_o some_o officer_n of_o justice_n who_o many_o time_n be_v instrument_n of_o secret_a and_o particular_a end_n that_o many_o be_v extreme_o entangle_v many_o endanger_v many_o rather_o make_v away_o then_o just_o execute_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v see_v these_o law_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o fetter_n about_o their_o foot_n as_o a_o ponderous_a yoke_n upon_o their_o neck_n to_o depress_v and_o detain_v they_o in_o sure_a subjection_n how_o it_o fall_v that_o afterward_o they_o become_v not_o only_o tolerable_a but_o acceptable_a and_o well_o esteem_v assure_o these_o law_n be_v exceed_o harsh_a and_o heavy_a to_o the_o english_a at_o the_o first_o and_o therefore_o k._n william_n rufus_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o at_o such_o time_n as_o robert_n their_o elder_a brother_n come_v in_o arm_n against_o they_o to_o challenge_v the_o crown_n be_v desirous_a to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n do_v fill_v they_o with_o fair_a promise_n to_o abrogate_v the_o law_n of_o k._n william_n their_o father_n and_o to_o restore_v to_o they_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o k._n stephen_n and_o by_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o while_o both_o contend_v to_o draw_v the_o state_n to_o himself_o they_o do_v most_o grievous_o tear_v it_o in_o piece_n the_o like_a by_o other_o of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n whensoever_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v contentment_n to_o the_o people_n who_o desire_v no_o other_o reward_n for_o all_o their_o adventure_n and_o labour_n for_o all_o their_o blood_n spend_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o king_n but_o to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n restore_v at_o the_o last_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o great_a dispense_n both_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o blood_n purchase_v a_o charter_n of_o liberty_n first_o from_o k._n john_n which_o be_v soon_o revoke_v as_o violent_o enforce_v from_o he_o afterward_o from_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o which_o remain_v in_o force_n and_o hereby_o the_o sharp_a severity_n of_o these_o law_n be_v much_o abate_v in_o that_o afterward_o they_o become_v not_o only_o tolerable_a but_o easy_a and_o sweet_a and_o happy_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v change_v it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o long_o ground_a custom_n whereby_o those_o usage_n which_o our_o ancestor_n have_v observe_v for_o many_o age_n do_v never_o seem_v either_o grievous_a or_o odious_a to_o be_v endure_v so_o nicetas_n write_v of_o certain_a christian_n who_o by_o long_o converse_v with_o the_o turk_n have_v defile_v themselves_o with_o turkish_a fashion_n 〈◊〉_d custom_n say_v he_o win_v such_o strength_n by_o time_n that_o it_o be_v more_o firm_a than_o either_o nature_n or_o religion_n hereupon_o dio._n chrysostome_n compare_v 〈◊〉_d custom_n to_o a_o king_n and_o edict_n to_o a_o tyrant_n because_o we_o be_v subject_a voluntary_o to_o the_o one_o but_o upon_o constraint_n and_o upon_o necessity_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d other_o it_o be_v manifest_a say_v agathias_n that_o under_o whatsoever_o law_n a_o people_n have_v live_v they_o do_v esteem_v the_o same_o most_o excellent_a and_o divine_a herodotus_n report_v that_o darius_n the_o son_n of_o hysdaspis_n have_v under_o his_o dominion_n certain_a grecian_n of_o asia_n who_o accustom_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a parent_n and_o friend_n and_o certain_a nation_n of_o india_n who_o use_v to_o eat_v they_o call_v the_o grecian_n before_o he_o and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n that_o they_o shall_v conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o indian_n in_o eat_v their_o decease_a friend_n but_o they_o apply_v all_o mean_n of_o entreaty_n and_o persuasion_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v enforce_v to_o such_o a_o barbarous_a or_o rather_o brutish_a observation_n then_o he_o send_v for_o the_o indian_n and_o move_v they_o to_o conformity_n with_o the_o grecian_n but_o find_v that_o they_o do_v far_o more_o abhor_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a than_o the_o grecian_n do_v to_o eat_v they_o now_o these_o severity_n of_o the_o king_n be_v much_o aggravate_v by_o the_o english_a and_o
his_o fat_a belly_n do_v bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o pommel_n of_o his_o saddle_n that_o he_o take_v a_o rupture_n in_o his_o inner_a part_n and_o so_o overcharge_v with_o sickness_n and_o pain_n and_o disquietness_n of_o mind_n he_o return_v to_o rouen_n where_o his_o sickness_n increase_v by_o such_o dangerous_a degree_n that_o in_o short_a time_n it_o lead_v he_o to_o the_o period_n of_o his_o day_n during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o sickness_n he_o be_v annal._n much_o molest_v in_o conscience_n for_o the_o blood_n which_o he_o have_v spill_v and_o for_o the_o severity_n which_o he_o have_v use_v against_o the_o english_a hold_v himself_o for_o that_o cause_n more_o guilty_a before_o god_n then_o glorious_a among_o man_n he_o spend_v many_o good_a speech_n in_o reconcile_a himself_o to_o god_n and_o the_o world_n &_o in_o exhort_v other_o to_o virtue_n and_o religion_n he_o give_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o clergy_n of_o meux_n and_o of_o some_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o repair_v the_o church_n which_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v deface_v to_o some_o monastery_n he_o give_v ten_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o to_o other_o six_o to_o every_o parish_n church_n he_o give_v five_o shilling_n and_o to_o every_o borough_n town_n a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a he_o give_v his_o crown_n with_o all_o the_o ornament_n thereto_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o saint_n stephen_n in_o caen_n which_o he_o have_v found_v for_o redeem_v whereof_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o do_v afterward_o give_v to_o the_o same_o church_n the_o manor_n of_o brideton_n in_o dorcetshire_n he_o retain_v perfect_a memory_n and_o speech_n so_o long_o as_o he_o retain_v any_o breath_n he_o end_v his_o life_n upon_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o september_n full_a both_o of_o honour_n and_o of_o age_n when_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n eight_o month_n and_o sixteen_o day_n in_o the_o threescore_o and_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o chief_a man_n that_o be_v about_o he_o go_v to_o horse_n and_o depart_v forthwith_o to_o their_o own_o dwelling_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o family_n and_o estate_n for_o all_o man_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o marvelous_a fear_n that_o some_o dangerous_a adventure_n will_v ensue_v the_o servant_n and_o inferior_a officer_n also_o flee_v away_o and_o to_o double_v the_o baseness_n of_o their_o disposition_n take_v with_o they_o whatsoever_o be_v portable_a about_o the_o king_n his_o armour_n plate_n apparel_n householdstuff_n all_o thing_n be_v hold_v as_o lawful_a booty_n thus_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v not_o only_o abandon_v but_o leave_v almost_o naked_a upon_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o remain_v from_o prime_a until_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n neither_o guard_v nor_o regard_v by_o any_o man_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o religious_a person_n go_v in_o procession_n to_o the_o church_n of_o s._n gervase_n &_o there_o commend_v his_o soul_n to_o god_n then_o william_n archb._n of_o rouen_n command_v that_o his_o body_n shall_v be_v carry_v to_o caen_n to_o be_v there_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n stephen_n but_o he_o be_v so_o forsake_v of_o all_o his_o follower_n that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o find_v who_o will_v undertake_v either_o the_o care_n or_o the_o charge_n at_o the_o last_o herlwine_v a_o country_n knight_n upon_o his_o own_o cost_n cause_v the_o body_n to_o be_v embalm_v and_o adorn_v for_o funeral_n pomp_n then_o convey_v it_o by_o coach_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o and_o so_o partly_o by_o land_n and_o partly_o by_o sea_n bring_v it_o to_o caen._n here_o the_o abbot_n with_o the_o covent_n of_o monk_n come_v forth_o with_o all_o accustom_a ceremony_n to_o meet_v the_o corpse_n to_o who_o the_o whole_a multitude_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o lay-people_n do_v adjoine_v but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o sad_a solemnity_n a_o fire_n break_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a house_n and_o sudden_o embrace_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n hereupon_o the_o king_n body_n be_v once_o again_o abandon_v all_o the_o people_n run_v from_o it_o in_o a_o headlong_a haste_n some_o to_o save_v their_o good_n other_o to_o repress_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o flame_n other_o as_o the_o late_a novelty_n to_o stand_v and_o look_v on_o in_o the_o end_n a_o few_o monk_n return_v and_o accompany_v the_o hearse_n to_o the_o abbey_n church_n afterwards_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o normandy_n assemble_v to_o solemnize_v the_o funeral_n and_o when_o the_o divine_a office_n be_v end_v and_o the_o coffin_n of_o stone_n set_v into_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o presbytorie_n between_o the_o choir_n and_o the_o altar_n but_o the_o body_n remain_v upon_o the_o hearse_n guislebert_n bishop_n of_o eureux_fw-fr made_n a_o long_a sermon_n wherein_o he_o bestow_v much_o breath_n in_o extol_v the_o honourable_a action_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o end_n he_o conclude_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o live_v much_o less_o to_o govern_v without_o offence_n first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o a_o prince_n affair_n second_o for_o that_o he_o must_v commit_v the_o manage_n of_o many_o thing_n to_o the_o conscience_n and_o courtesy_n of_o other_o last_o for_o that_o personal_a grievance_n be_v many_o time_n beneficial_a to_o the_o main_a body_n of_o state_n in_o which_o case_n particular_a either_o loss_n or_o harm_n be_v more_o than_o manifold_o recompense_v by_o the_o preservation_n or_o quiet_a of_o the_o whole_a if_o therefore_o any_o that_o be_v present_a do_v suppose_v they_o have_v receive_v injury_n from_o the_o king_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v in_o charity_n forgive_v he_o when_o the_o bishop_n have_v finish_v his_o speech_n one_o anselm_n fitz-arthur_n stand_v up_o among_o the_o multitude_n and_o with_o a_o high_a voice_n say_v this_o ground_n whereupon_o we_o stand_v be_v sometime_o the_o floor_n of_o my_o father_n house_n which_o that_o man_n of_o who_o you_o have_v speak_v when_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o normandy_n take_v violent_o from_o my_o father_n and_o afterward_o found_v thereon_o this_o religious_a building_n this_o injustice_n he_o do_v not_o by_o ignorance_n or_o oversight_n not_o upon_o any_o necessity_n of_o state_n but_o to_o content_v his_o own_o covetous_a desire_n now_o therefore_o i_o do_v challenge_v this_o ground_n as_o my_o right_n and_o do_v here_o charge_v you_o as_o you_o will_v answer_v it_o before_o the_o fearful_a face_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o spoiler_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o the_o earth_n of_o my_o inheritance_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v present_a hear_v this_o and_o understand_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o that_o it_o be_v true_a they_o agree_v to_o give_v he_o three_o pound_n present_o for_o the_o ground_n that_o be_v break_v for_o the_o place_n of_o burial_n and_o for_o the_o residue_n which_o he_o claim_v they_o undertake_v he_o shall_v be_v full_o satisfy_v this_o promise_n be_v perform_v in_o short_a time_n after_o by_o henry_n the_o king_n son_n who_o only_o be_v present_a at_o the_o funeral_n at_o who_o appointment_n fitz-arthur_n receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o the_o same_o ground_n one_o hundred_o pound_n now_o when_o the_o body_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o earth_n the_o sepulchre_n of_o stone_n which_o stand_v within_o the_o grave_n be_v hew_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o his_o fat_a belly_n whereupon_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o press_v it_o down_o with_o much_o strength_n by_o this_o violence_n whether_o his_o bowel_n burst_v or_o whether_o some_o excrement_n be_v force_v out_o at_o their_o natural_a passage_n such_o a_o intolerable_a stink_n proceed_v from_o he_o as_o neither_o the_o perfume_n that_o smoke_v in_o great_a abundance_n nor_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v able_a to_o qualify_v wherefore_o 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especial_o he_o be_v bountiful_a dionem_fw-la if_o that_o term_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o immoderate_a lavish_v to_o man_n of_o war_n for_o which_o cause_n many_o resort_v to_o he_o from_o far_a country_n for_o entertainment_n to_o win_v and_o retain_v the_o favour_n of_o these_o he_o much_o impoverish_v his_o peaceable_a people_n from_o many_o he_o take_v without_o justice_n to_o give_v to_o other_o without_o desert_n esteem_v it_o no_o unequal_a deal_n that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v adventure_v and_o expend_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o other_o he_o much_o exceed_v in_o sumptuousnes_n of_o diet_n and_o of_o apparel_n wherewith_o great_a man_n use_v to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o people_n both_o which_o way_n he_o esteem_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n by_o their_o price_n it_o be_v report_v that_o when_o his_o chamberlain_n upon_o a_o certain_a morning_n bring_v he_o a_o new_a pair_n of_o hose_n the_o king_n demand_v what_o they_o cost_v and_o the_o 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scotland_n many_o also_o upon_o the_o frontier_n and_o within_o the_o very_a breast_n of_o wales_n he_o much_o enlarge_v the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o environ_v it_o with_o a_o new_a wall_n he_o also_o build_v the_o great_a hall_n at_o westminster_n which_o be_v 270._o foot_n in_o length_n and_o 74._o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o when_o many_o do_v admire_v the_o vast_a largeness_n thereof_o he_o will_v say_v unto_o they_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bed_n chamber_n but_o a_o closet_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o build_v and_o according_o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o another_o hall_n which_o stretch_v from_o the_o river_n thames_n to_o the_o king_n high_a street_n the_o further_a erection_n whereof_o with_o diverse_a other_o heroical_a enterprise_n cease_v together_o with_o his_o life_n thus_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o infinite_a plot_n and_o invention_n and_o partly_o by_o his_o disorder_n and_o unbrideled_a liberality_n he_o always_o live_v at_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n which_o while_o the_o large_a treasure_n last_v which_o his_o father_n leave_v he_o be_v bear_v without_o grievance_n to_o the_o subject_n but_o when_o that_o be_v once_o drain_v he_o be_v reduce_v to_o seek_v money_n by_o extraordinary_a mean_n so_o many_o hard_a tax_n be_v laidupon_o the_o people_n partly_o for_o supply_v to_o his_o own_o necessity_n and_o partly_o to_o imitate_v the_o policy_n of_o his_o father_n that_o the_o people_n be_v busy_v how_o to_o live_v shall_v retain_v small_a either_o leisure_n or_o mean_n to_o contrive_v innovation_n for_o this_o cause_n he_o be_v suppose_v upon_o purpose_n to_o have_v enterprise_v many_o action_n of_o charge_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v have_v colour_n to_o impose_v both_o employment_n and_o taxation_n upon_o the_o people_n and_o because_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o a_o eyesore_n unto_o many_o but_o esteem_v also_o by_o some_o to_o be_v very_o far_o above_o due_a proportion_n he_o often_o fleece_v they_o of_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o age_n who_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n clergy_n man_n do_v both_o general_o enueigh_v against_o he_o and_o much_o deprave_v his_o particular_a action_n he_o withhold_v his_o annual_a payment_n to_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o schism_n between_o vrbane_n at_o rome_n and_o clement_n at_o ravenna_n he_o claim_v the_o investiture_n of_o prelate_n to_o be_v his_o right_n he_o forbid_v appeal_v and_o intercourse_n to_o rome_n for_o which_o and_o other_o like_a cause_n he_o have_v a_o very_a great_a contention_n with_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o realm_n especial_o with_o anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o seed_n of_o this_o contention_n be_v cast_v when_o anselm_n be_v first_o receive_v to_o his_o sea_n for_o at_o that_o time_n two_o do_v strive_v for_o the_o papacy_n of_o rome_n vrbanus_n and_o guibert_n call_v clement_n the_o three_o some_o christian_a state_n favour_v the_o one_o and_o some_o the_o other_o king_n william_n incline_v to_o clement_n the_o three_o and_o with_o he_o the_o realm_n general_o go_v but_o anselm_n do_v full_o go_v with_o vrbane_n make_v so_o his_o condition_n before_o he_o do_v consent_n to_o accept_v his_o dignity_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v and_o before_o his_o consecration_n the_o king_n demand_v of_o he_o that_o such_o land_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n as_o the_o king_n have_v give_v to_o his_o friend_n since_o the_o death_n of_o lanfranck_n may_v still_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a right_n but_o to_o this_o anselm_n will_v in_o no_o case_n agree_v hereupon_o the_o king_n stay_v his_o consecration_n a_o certain_a time_n but_o at_o length_n by_o importunity_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v content_a to_o receive_v his_o homage_n and_o to_o give_v way_n to_o his_o consecration_n not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n desire_v licence_n of_o the_o king_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o receive_v his_o pall_n which_o when_o the_o king_n refuse_v to_o grant_v he_o appeal_v to_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n now_o this_o be_v the_o first_o appeal_v that_o ever_o before_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n for_o appeal_v be_v not_o here_o in_o ordinary_a use_n until_o after_o this_o time_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n when_o henry_n bishop_n of_o wint._n be_v the_o pope_n legate_n bring_v they_o in_o wherefore_o the_o king_n offend_v with_o this_o novelty_n charge_v anselm_n with_o breach_n of_o his_o fealty_n and_o oath_n anselm_n answer_v that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o council_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o allegiance_n to_o a_o terrene_a prince_n if_o a_o man_n appeal_v to_o the_o
settle_v in_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o succession_n because_o the_o dignity_n be_v inherent_a in_o the_o blood_n of_o that_o stock_n because_o it_o be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o father_n but_o from_o the_o ancestor_n because_o it_o be_v not_o take_v only_o from_o the_o ancestor_n but_o from_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n the_o elder_a son_n shall_v indistinct_o succeed_v although_o he_o be_v bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n test_n and_o therefore_o after_o the_o kingdom_n of_o persia_n have_v be_v carry_v by_o succession_n in_o some_o descent_n when_o darius_n the_o king_n have_v four_o son_n artaxerxes_n the_o elder_a cyrus_n the_o next_o and_o two_o other_o parysates_n the_o wife_n of_o darius_n have_v a_o desire_n that_o cyrus_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n allege_v in_o his_o behalf_n the_o same_o reason_n wherewith_o xex_n have_v prevail_v before_o to_o wit_n that_o she_o have_v bring_v forth_o artaxerxes_n to_o darius_n when_o he_o be_v in_o private_a state_n but_o cyrus_n be_v bear_v to_o he_o when_o he_o be_v a_o king_n yet_o plutarch_n affirm_v that_o the_o reason_n artax_n which_o she_o use_v be_v nothing_o probable_a and_o that_o artaxerxes_n the_o elder_a son_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v king_n and_o so_o blondus_n and_o ritius_fw-la do_v report_n 6._o that_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n be_v dead_a geysa_n succeed_v although_o bear_v unto_o he_o before_o he_o be_v a_o king_n other_o inferior_a in_o number_n but_o not_o in_o weight_n of_o judgement_n do_v affirm_v that_o whether_o a_o kingdom_n be_v settle_v in_o succession_n or_o whether_o by_o any_o other_o title_n new_o attain_v the_o right_a to_o succeed_v by_o all_o true_a ground_n of_o law_n pertain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n albeit_o bear_v before_o his_o father_n advancement_n to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n of_o the_o state_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o principal_a reason_n be_v because_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o succession_n by_o way_n of_o inheritance_n for_o if_o a_o father_n purchase_v land_n lease_n cattle_n or_o other_o good_n the_o inheritance_n shall_v be_v transmit_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n although_o bear_v before_o the_o purchase_n likewise_o if_o a_o father_n be_v advance_v to_o any_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o duke_n earl_n marquesse_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v never_o i_o will_v not_o say_v deny_v but_o once_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o same_o albeit_o he_o be_v bear_v before_o the_o advancement_n and_o therefore_o see_v this_o be_v the_o general_a rule_n of_o all_o other_o inheritable_a succession_n and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n of_o singularity_n in_o a_o kingdom_n it_o follow_v that_o in_o like_a case_n the_o succession_n of_o a_o kingdom_n shall_v also_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n although_o bear_v before_o the_o kingdom_n be_v achieve_v again_o the_o son_n who_o be_v bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v a_o king_n have_v once_o a_o right_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o if_o another_o son_n have_v not_o afterward_o be_v bear_v without_o all_o question_n he_o shall_v have_v succeed_v but_o a_o right_n which_o a_o man_n by_o his_o own_o person_n have_v acquire_v albeit_o in_o some_o case_n it_o may_v be_v diminish_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v altogether_o extinguish_v by_o any_o external_a or_o casual_a event_n which_o have_v no_o dependencie_n upon_o himself_o and_o so_o the_o right_n which_o the_o elder_a son_n have_v to_o his_o father_n inheritance_n may_v be_v diminish_v by_o the_o birth_n of_o other_o child_n in_o regard_n of_o those_o good_n which_o be_v to_o be_v distribute_v in_o part_n among_o they_o but_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v extinguish_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v diminish_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o of_o nature_n to_o be_v either_o value_v or_o divide_a of_o which_o sort_n a_o kingdom_n be_v the_o chief_a but_o do_v pass_v entire_o unto_o one_o for_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n which_o only_o be_v regard_v in_o lawful_a succession_n be_v acquire_v and_o hold_v from_o the_o nativity_n of_o the_o child_n and_o do_v not_o begin_v at_o the_o father_n death_n at_o which_o time_n the_o inheritance_n do_v fall_v last_o if_o it_o be_v true_a in_o son_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o a_o kingdom_n who_o be_v first_o bear_v after_o the_o father_n be_v exalt_v to_o be_v a_o king_n then_o be_v it_o true_a also_o in_o other_o remote_a degree_n of_o consanguinity_n and_o hereby_o it_o shall_v often_o happen_v that_o when_o a_o king_n die_v without_o issue_n of_o his_o body_n they_o who_o be_v not_o only_o inferior_a in_o age_n but_o more_o remote_a in_o degree_n shall_v exclude_v both_o the_o elder_a and_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n because_o perhaps_o bear_v after_o the_o kingdom_n be_v attain_v which_o be_v against_o all_o law_n of_o lawful_a succession_n howsoever_o the_o right_n stand_v henry_n the_o young_a brother_n to_o king_n william_n 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