Selected quad for the lemma: blood_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
blood_n	body_n	change_v	wine_n	10,990	5	8.1078	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A59999	A short compendium of chirurgery containing its grounds & principles : more particularly treating of imposthumes, wounds, ulcers, fractures & dislocations : also a discourse of the generation and birth of man, very necessary to be understood by all midwives and child-bearing women : with the several methods of curing the French pox, the cure of baldness, inflammation of the eyes, and toothach, and an account of blood-letting, cup-setting, and blooding with leeches / by J.S., M.D.	J. S. (John Shirley), M.D.; Shirley, John, 1648-1679.	1678 (1678)	Wing S3496; ESTC R38236	39,001	140

upper Parts looseness of the Teeth Exulceration of the Mouth and too great a Flux of Blood The Diarhaea is asswaged by the decoction of Guaiac mixt with a little white-White-Wine and taken for some days in the Morning whereby the humours Acrimony is mitigated and sweetned But in general those evils are remedied by changing of Chamber and Linnen precipitating the Mercury downwards by astringent Gargarisms and Clysters by letting Blood in the Foot and chiefly by purgations wherein some Salt of Tartar must always be added to sweeten and drive down the Humours Some do often swallow a Golden Pill which becomes white but it carries away the Mercury in so little quantity that the other Remedies are not therefore to be omitted The end of Friction is to stimulate a Chris●s which doth not proceed from Nature without it be provoked and helped by some Medicament whose quantity ought to be adapted to the vehementness of the Disease and forces of the Patient least the Medicaments being too strong they cast him into an incurable Consumption or being too weak they do not eradicate the Disease which afterwards is found much more intense and incurable than before The third Cure is by Plaisters and Cerowins and is something slower than the former but more convenient in Relapses and for the mitigation of pain and the resolution of knobs and hardness but because it doth not act so speedily the best of Artists do joyn to it some Frictions Besides the Plaisters of De Vigo the following may be profitably used and applied on the parts mentioned in the Article of Friction Take of Melilot Plaister and Saffron-Vinegar of each half a Pound Quenched Quick-Silver six Ounces Oyl of Laurel and Land Lavendel as much as needs Reduce all to the form of a Plaister The Scope of this Remedy as of the former is the procuring of a Crisis either by insensible transpiration Flux of the Belly or Urines but oftner and better by a flowing of the Mouth which with the Gums and Cheeks is thereby as aforesaid often exulcerated because of the Humours Tenacity and Acrimony and these Ulcers must by no means be repelled but be mitigated by Gargarisms composed of Decocted Barley Cows Milk and the like which may diminish the mouths inflammation and wash off the Humours sticking to it but if this accident as it happens sometimes be too intense that it threatneth an extinction of the natural heat we must for some time defer the proper Cure to cohibit so pernicious a Symptom according to Art As for the Teeths loosness it is cured by astringent Gargarisms but more powerfully if the Gums be touched with Aqua secunda of the Goldsmiths The fourth manner by Suffumigations is not so much approved because of many evil dispositions which it leaveth in the Body They nevertheless thus proceed to it The Patient being seated under a Curtain well and carefully extended they cast in a Chaffing-dish a good quantity of persume composed of Cinabre mixt with Brimstone and Quicksilver whereunto is added Iris of Florence Frankinsence Mirrhe Iuncus odoratus Assaodorata Terebenthine and Theriak and continue this Suffumigation till the Mouth begins to flow and that is its Crisis This Diseases Symptoms are so manifold that I think fitter to remit the Reader to such Authors as treat of it at large than to say but a part of what is needful to be known though most may be referred to the General Cure of Impostumes CHAP. VIII Of some other Indispositions which are Cured by Chirurgery HAving thus far proceeded we are to treat in the present Chapter of some other Indispositions cured by Chirurgery whereof some requiring an experienced Artist others yielding themselves to the meanest Capacities and this little Treatise being written only for the use of discreet Beginners we shall only speak of the following Of Baldness Baldness is a falling off of the Hair from the Head caused either by defect of Nourishment or the corruption of it That which proceeds from Old Age the Hectick Feaver Burnings or Tinea is incurable But that which may be cured is thus proceeded unto The Universal Remedies being fitly instituted the remaining Hair must be shaved resolving Fomentations used and having caused the vitious humours to be digested by the application of Cups and Leeches the Head must be washed in Lye made of Iris and Aloes lastly drawing Fomentations must be ministred for the attraction of laudable Vapours If it be caused by want of nourishment the Head must be rubbed with a course Linnen Cloth till it grows red and if it proceeds from the Venerean Pox the body must be anointed with Quick-Silver to a perfect salivation Of the Eyes The Eyes diseases are manifold but their inflammation is the most common their causes are External as Falls Blows Dust Smoke c. or internal namely a defluxion flowing to the Eye It is known by the heavine●s of the Head the Eyes redness pain swelling and pulsation of its Arteries It is cured by the same administration of universal remedies as in Phlegmons and the due application of Topical ones whereof this Collire is of a perspicuous effect Take Rose and Plantain Water of each half an Ounce the mucilage of Gum Tragacant two Ounces and the White of an Egg make a Collire to Distil luke-warm in the Eye applying upon it a double Linnen Cloth dipped in the same Collire The Blood of Doves Pigeons or Hens instilled warm in the Eye mitigates the pain of it and is its proper Balm But if a Relapse is feared Cups applied on the Shoulders and an Issue in the Pole are very fit to divert the Fluxion Tooth-ach There is scarce any pain equal to that of the Tooth-ach It proceeds from the influxion of a hot or cold humour or the Tooth being hollow or rotten from the entrance of ambient Air and the refrigeration of cold Meat or Drink The Internal causes are taken away by a due administration of Universal Remedies and if the pain proceeds from a hot cause which is known by its sharpness and a great pulsation of the Tooth and Temples it is mitigated by remedies contrary to it as to wash the Mouth with Granate juice Plantain Water and a little Vinegar all being boiled with Roses Wild Granate Flowers and Sumach If the Cause be the fluxion of a cold humour which is dis●●rned by a heaviness of the Head and frequent spitting the Teeth are profitably washed with Garland-Libanotis Sage Pierethre decocted in Wine and Vinegar whereunto is added a little Srong-Water and dissolved Treacle But if it proceeds from a rottenness of the Tooth there is no better remedy than the drawing of it and if it be but a Root procure the corruption of it by a Cotten dipt in Aqua-fortis having first tried the Odontalgick Essence of Flubault Of Phlebotomy or Blood letting Phlebotomy being an Operation necessary to be known of a beginner in Chirurgery I have thought fit to say here something of it They define it An Incision of the Vein evacuating the Blood and the other Humours contained with it Before it be administred if there be any Excrements remaining of the former Coction they must be evacuated by a Clyst●r or Suppository and thus when necessity requireth or for precaution in persons neither too old not too young Phlebotomy is celebrated in the following manner The Patient being conveniently scituated the Chirurgeon rubs the part which is to be opened with his hand or a warm Linnen cloth to cause the Bloods attraction then the said part is bound with a Fillet a little above the place of Incision which is designed by a touch of the Nail and the Operation is performed with a fit Lancet limiting its evacuation to the strength of the Patient and the curative intention Lastly the incised place must be carefully bound least an Hemoragy might happen Of Cup-setting When the matter is conjoyned and impacted Cupps are commonly applied I have commonly thus seen some proceed to operation having something rubbed the destinated place they set on it some kindled ends of Wax Candle fastened on a Counter or such other thing and over it apply the Cup which then draws very powerfully the Humours up then taking them off Incisions are made in their circle with a Lancet or Instrument called Scarrificatory and they are again applied in the same manner as before laying afterward Plaisters of Diapalma or Album Rasis over the Incisions till they be agglutinated Of Leeches Where Blood-letting or Cup-setting cannot be performed Leeches are commonly applied either by making a little Incision in the skin or anointing it with a drop of some other Blood or Sugard milk for then they will stick fast and when you will make them easily fall off touch but their head with a little Aloes or Salt and if you will know what quantity of Blood they have drawn lay them in the things aforesaid and they will revomit it besides if you will have them to draw more than their capacity is cut their posteriour part when they are well fast and the Blood will run through their Bodies which also is stanched if it flowes when they are taken away by the half of a Bean or some burnt Linnen applied on the little wound Thus I finish and if the Reader takes this short Treatise in good part I have my Desire and END

Pleasantly if amongst Remedies those are first made use of wherewith we may obtain our ends with less molestation of the Patient Those things are called Natural which do enter in the composition of mans Body and although its first ingredient may be the universal matter of Cartesius out of whose particles variously figurated and moved according to the variety of their figures and motions those bodies do arise which though they be not the very first nor can be demonstrated absolutely simple in their dissolution yet because they are of the first order of sensible Bodies whereof others are composed they may commodiously by a Chirurgion who is an Artist of sensibles be conceived in the Body of Man as its 1. Elements whence do arise its 2. Tempers or Complexions 3. Humours 4. Parts or Limbs 5. Faculties 6. Actions And 7. Spirits Whereunto 1 Age. 2 The Sex 3 Colour 4 Commoderation 5 The Season of the Year 6 The Clime 7 And manner of Living are annexed Elements are single Bodies out of which the mixt are composed and into which they may be resolved but they in none of a singler composition They are reckoned four 1 Fire 2 Air. 3 Water 4 And Earth Whose number and station Ovid hath thus expressed Quatuor Aeternus Genitalia corpor a Mundus Continet ex illis duo sunt onerosa suoque Pondere in inferius Tellus atque Unda feruntur Et totidem gravitate carent nulloque premente Altapetunt Aer atque aere purior Ignis That is The Eternal World four Bodies comprehends Engendring all The heavy Earth descends And Water clog'd with weight Two light aspire Depress'd by none pure Air and purer Fire Which the Antient thought to evince by the Argument of mixt Bodies dissolution Thus given by Dubart●s Cela se voit a locil dans le brulant Tison Son feu court versle Ceil sanatale Maison Son air vole en fumé en cendre chet sa terre Son cau boult dans ses nocuds c. That is perfectly seen when burning wood doth send Its Fire to heaven the place from whence it did des●end Its Air then flies in smoak its Earth in ashes falls In its knots water boyls c. But the weakness of this Argument is plainly discovered by the learned Boyle in his Chymista Scepticus so that as we said before These Elements can at most be reckoned but amongst the first Classes of mixt Bodies The Elementary qualities are also four Namely 1 Heat 2 Coldness 3 Moisture 4 Driness Whereof the two first though all act in some measure compared to the latter are called Active the two others Passive 1. Fire is of a hot and dry quality 2. Aire of a hot and moist 3. Water of a moist and cold 4. And Earth of a cold and dry Temper or Complexion is a proportion of the four primary Qualities arising from the mixture of the Elements But if we consider the universal matter it may be defined A moderation of the Particles endued with contrary Qualities There are four single Tempers 1 Hot. 2 Cold. 3 Moist 4 Dry. And four compos'd 1 Hot and Moist 2 Hot and Dry. 3 Cold and Moist 4 Cold and Dry. Whereunto is added another called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Temperate which is distinguished 1. In a Temper according to weight when the Elements are both in mass and quality so proportioned that none can be said to predominate 2. And in another according to justice which consisteth in a temperature convenient for the exercising of all necessary actions This Temper is either of the whole body by reason of which Males are said to be hotter then Females or of the several parts whose Rule is this whatsoever is Red in the Body is Hot whatsoever is White Cold that which is Soft is Moist and that which is Hard Dry. Whence it follows That whatsoever is Red and Hard is Hot and Dry as the Heart whatsoever is Red and Soft is Hot and Moist as the Flesh What is White and Hard is Cold and Dry as the Bones and what is White and Soft is Cold and Moist as the Brains Childhood comprehending the first five and twenty years of our age is of a hot and moist temper From thence Youth proceeding to five and thirty or fourty years of a hot and dry Manhood consisting in the ten or fifteen next years is esteemed cold and dry and thence Old age till our lifes end is more or less said to be cold and moist or according to others cold and dry its moisture being but accidental and excrementitious though God can yet extend our life to a long durance as the German Poet Freinshemius elegantly expresseth I st schirr nichts ubrig mehr al 's seelen voller schnen Al 's leber voller Thod al 's leiber voller plag Al 's zeiten voller qual al 's zungen voller klag Al 's hertzen voller angst al 's augen voller trahnen That is Though nothing but a soul full fraught with longing fears Be left a deathful life a body full of pain A time full of distress a tongue but to complain A much oppressed heart and an eye full of tears The Spring is temperate Summer is hot and dry Autumn cold and dry and Winter cold and moist The Spring begins when the Sun enters the Sign Aries and continues as the other seasons with small difference do some three months whilst the Sun runs through as many Signs of the Zodiack whose number and order Virgil thus describes Primus adest Aries 1 Taurus 2 insignibus auro Cornibus Fratres 3 Cancer 4 aquatile signum Tum Leo 5 terribilis Nemeus atque innuba Virgo 6. Libra 7 subit caudaque animal 8 quod dirigit ictum Armatusque arcu Chyron 9 Corniger Hircus 10 Fusor aqua 11 simul fulgenti lumine Pisces 12. The name of Humor is given to whatsoever is perceived flowing in the Body of a living Creature endued with blood The same is first Natural or secondly against Nature The Natural is again divided into primary and secundary alimentary and excrementitious The alimentary or nourishing humors were constituted by the Antients four in number 1. Blood 2. Phlegm 3. Choler 4. Melancholly But the Modern esteem that Blood only is a fit nourishment of the Body and that the other humors flowing with it whereunto they have added the Lymphatick and Pancreatical Juice do only contribute to its effervescency or temperature as will be said hereafter amongst whcih humours there is no melancholy except the thickest and grossest part of the Blood as is found in the Atrabiliary Capsules or is evacuated by the Haemorroids be taken for it But before we expound how blood is produced let us hear how the Ancients did conceive it It is thus expressed by the Danish Poet Arocusis Du Mauge gode Kock din mad saa vel for kryder At derat Kortar hid en kraftig saft ud flyder Som Du til Leftueren vid middel

of Eggs which the Antients esteemed to be produced by an intense heat but is more truly atributed to the mixture of some acid humour as can be perceived when a little spirit of Vitriol is powred into some Gall it often degenerates in Poraceous rus●y and glasteous according to its degrees of acidity The Melancholy humour or thickest Blood is by some thought to turn by adustion into black choler but according to Regnerus de Graaf this last proceeds from the mixture of Choler with a too acid pancreatical juice whereby it is turned into a greenish black colour as the Antients describe the atrabiliary humour The Excrementitious humours are also 1. Phlegm 2. Choler 3. Melancholly 4. And Serum They are called excrementitious because they can yield no nourishment to the Body and therefore are expelled 1. Phlegm not to the Brains as the Antients conceived but to the Maxillar Glandules and thence through the Mouth and Nostrils out of the Body 2. Choler by the Cystick arteries to the Gall whence the superfluous part is expelled to the Duodenum and thence evacuated at the Seat 3. Melancholly which is not attracted by the Spleen as the Antients supposed but is an Excrement of the grossest Blood which is often evacuated by the Haemorrhoides and is also sent to the Atrabiliary Capsuls to be perhaps voided with the Urine which therefore appears sometimes of a black colour 4. Serum which is either evacuated First In the form of Vapours by transpiration whereby according to Sanct●rius more than the half part of our Aliments are dissipated Secondly Or in the consistence of Urine which being separated from the bloud in the Kidneys and filtred through the Papillar Caruncles into the Pilorus is powred through the Uriters into the Bladder and having received the thinnest and most serous part of the Chylus immediately from the Stomack by the Gastrick Vein is thence evacuated out of the Body To Serum is also referred Sweat and the Tears we shed A Part or Limb is defined A Body adhering to the whole and partaking of the same life with it being created for the exercising of certain Functions They are distinguished in Similaries and Dissimilaries A Similary part is that which cannot be divided in other parts of a different species and it is twofold Spermatick and Carnal 1. The Spermatick are constructed in the first conformation of the body out of the grossest part of the Seed 2. The Carnal out of the MenstrualBlood The Similary parts are Eleven in number 1. Bones 2. Tendrels 3. Ligaments 4. Tendons 5. Membranes 6. Fibres 7. A threefold flesh the Musculous the Parenchyme and the Glandules 8. The Skin 9. The Veines 10. The Arteries 11. And the Nerves or Sinews The Bones are joyned either by I. Diarthrosis or Articulation with some motion either by 1. Enarthosis when there is a considerable quantity of the Bone received in a large Cavity 2. Arthrodia when the receiving cavity is but Supersiciary 3. Ginglime when a Bone receives and is received II. Symphosis or Coalition without Motion 1. Sutures as in the Bones of the Head 2. Harmony as in the Bones of the Nose and upper Jaw 3. Gomphosis as the Teeth And they are bound either by First Syncondrosis or with a Tendrel Secondly Syndeurosis or a Ligament Thirdly Sysarcosis or with some flesh or muscle Note that to the exercising of the Similary parts Functions there needs only their due temper and commoderation A Dissimilary part is that which may be divided in parts of a different Species Many do confound them with the Organical Nevertheless there is this difference that all Dissimilary parts are Organical but not all Organical Dissimilary for the Bones Veins and Arteries are Similary and yet produce Organical actions Four conditions are requisite to the perfect exercising of the Dissimilaries actions namely 1. A due Conformation 2. Magnitude 3. Number 4. And Conjunction Whereof the last comprehends two others to wit Seat and Connexion These parts are distinguished in First Containing and Secondly Contained And then again in 1. Common and 2. Proper Distinguished in 1. Nobles 2. Ignobles First The Noble or principal parts distributing the Spirits and Faculties to the whole Body are absolutely necessary to it They are three Viz. 1. The Brains 2. Heart 3. Liver Which being excepted all the rest are Ignoble as being subservient to them and they are the other parts of 1. the Head 2. Trunk And 3. 〈◊〉 1. The Head is divided in the Soul and Face the common containing parts whereof are the thin and the hairy Skin the fat and the ●leshy Membrane It s proper parts are the Scalp or Pericrane the Perioste the Muscles the Bones and two Meninges The contained parts of it are the Brain the A●ter-brain and the Marrow The second hath in its upper part the sore-head in the lower the mouth and the instruments of the Senses as the Eyes the Eares the Nose c. 2. The Trunk is distinguished in the Breast and lower Belly the proper containing parts of the first besides the Muscles Bones c. Being the Pap the Midriff the Pleure and the Mediastin The contained are either Bowels as the Heart with its purse the Lungs a part of the Weazon and of the throat or Vessels as some branches of the Vena Cava and great Artery sustained by the thymus in the Throat and several Sinews The lower Bellies proper containing parts are the Muscles of the Panch and the Belly-rim The contained are either employed to Nutrition namely to Chylification as the Stomack the Kall the Sweet-bread the Guts and the Mesentery or to Sanguisication as the Mesaraick Veins the post Vein and the Cava the Liver the Gall the Bladder and the Milt 3. The Ioints are divided in the uppermost containing the great Hand namely the Arm that is the Shoulder from the upper shoulder to the Elbow and the Cubit from the Elbow to the Wrist The lesser Hand divided in the Wrist between the Cubit and the Palm and the fist between the Wrist and the beginning of the Fingers whose inward part is called the Palm and the outward the Back of the Hand The undermost contain the great Foot comprehending the Thigh from the Britch to the Knee the Leg from the Knee to the lesser foot which is divided in the Foot Pedium Metapedium and Toes Before we come to Faculties and Functions it will not be amiss to say what the Soul is They define it The substantial Form of a living Body and the inward principle of the actions thereof For The Soul a Substance and a Spirit is Which God himself doth in the Body make Which makes the man for every man from this The Nature of a Man and Name doth take It s connexion with the Body is called Life and its separation Death Neither is this last greatly to be feared of a Christian since it is but a passage to a better Life and that as saith the Italian Poet. Altro

mal non ha morte chél pensar a morire E chi morir pur duce quanto piu tosto more Tanto piu tosto al suo morir sinvola A Faculty is a certain disposition of the Body whereby it can do something though it may be it doth it not so that it is only a power of acting It s division is needless since it is but one power though it produceth several actions according to the Vacuity of its Organs A Function is described the exercise of a Faculty and is only distinguisted in Natural and Animal Pulse being referred by the Moderns to sanguification whereof we have spoken in the Theorem of Blood and Respiring to motion of which will be said hereafter The Natural Function is divided in 1. Nutrition 2. Growth 3. Generation To the first whereof the Antients made four others to be subservient for as Dykes saith of the Soul Here she attracts and there she doth retain Here she decocts and doth the food prepare There she distributes it to every Vein And here expels what she may fitly spare Yet the Moderns do exclude from thence all similary attraction and retention Deglution being performed by Detrusion only the several parts of the Mouth the Tongue the OEsophague c. contributing thereunto Retention being also effected by the Oblique Fibres of the Stomack but Hunger is produced by the sourish Vapors of the acid in the Stomack which do gently Vellicate its upper Orifice and the apparent cause of Thirst is the want of moisture To Concoction three others are subordinate 1. Chylification 2. Sanguification 3. Assimilation The two first whereof together with Expulsion are explained in the describing of Humours so that only Assimilation and Growth are here to be expounded which take thus When the Arteries begin to swell as aforesaid the particles of the Blood which in them are convey'd to the roots of certain filaments issuing from the ends of the smallest Arteries whereby they compose the Bones Flesh Skin c. according to the various manner of their application and contexture or directed by the same Plastick virtue whereby the said parts were formed which they nourish something distending them and intruding themselves in their vacancies where they remain when the Arteries return to their former state And Growth is likewise effected The pores of the matter of Chi●drens Bodies being easily extended whereby some particles of the Blood a little greater than those whose places they fill may enter and subsist therein which cannot be longer done when their Limbs are grown more solid Generation is a Function whereby a man produceth another like to himself whereunto the Antients did subordain two others 1. Alteration 2. Conformation Which the Moderns do rather attribute to the Plastick virtue of the Seed though denyed by Rhegius and other Cartesians who affirm That the particles of the Seed moved by its own heat and that of the Uterus because of their various figures are necessarily turned into the Brood of an animal whereunto they since attribute the whole formation of the Foetus without the Function of any intellectual faculty directing it The Animal function is divided in 1. Principal 2. Moving 3. Sensitive Whereof the first comprehends these three viz. 1. Imagination whereby all Objects Species offered to the external senses are perceived and discerned 2. Reasoning whereby a man discourseth and understands 3. Memory whereby the Species of things perceived conceived and understood are preserved whereof will be further spoken in the period of Sensation Motion is thus performed The most vivid and quickest particles of the Blood such as we may conceive the Vital Spirits do ascend from the left Ventricle of the Heart through the Caroties and Cervical Arteries into the Cavities of the Brain where they are turned into a subtile flame or wind usually called the Animal Spirits which being driven by grosser particles do not enter in the Pineal Glandule Steno having shewed us how unapt it is thereunto but in some yet unknown more convenient place of the Head whence they sally out into the Cavities of the Brain and the pores of its substance to be thence conveyed into the Nerves where they have a power which the learned Willis calleth Elastick to change the figure of the Muscles and so move the whole Body To this manner of moving Respiration is also to be referred for the Muscles of the Thorax drawing it up the Lungs to avoid vacuity are extended whereby their small cavities are opened and receive the inspired Air which is again excluded in expiration when the Lungs following the restriction of the Abdomen their said Cavities are again straightned The Sensitive Function is the exercise of the five external Senses which comparatively to certain Beasts are comprised in these two Verses Nos Aper Auditu praecellit Aranea Tactu Vultur Odoratu Lynx Visu Simia Gustu That is The Bore excels in Hearing and the Spider By sence of Touch is a subtil divider The Vul●ers Smell th' Apes Taste and Lynxes Sight Excells the Man by far that solid Wight Their respective Instruments are 1. The Eyes of Seeing in the Retin● 2. The Ears of Hearing in the Auditory Nerve 3. The Nose of Smelling not through the Os Cribriforme which is not pierced as the Antients conceived but by the Apophysces Mammillares or the extremities of the Nerves 4. The Tongue of ●asting by the Papillary eminencies noted by Bellinus whence Savours are conducted to the Filaments of the 4 and 7 pair of the Nerves that end there 5. The Skin of Touching by the Pyramidal papils observed by Malpigius and esteemed the extremities of the Nerves of the sixth pair ending in it Sensation is performed as followeth When the small Filaments of the Sinews are in the least moved by the Objects of the senses they draw to them the parts of the Brain from whence they take Origin whereby they open some pores of the inward superficy of it through which the animal Spirits being derived into the Nerves and Muscles do excite those motions which we perceive our senses being thus or so affected which is to be understood of all Sensation and if the said spirits having the Impression of some Id●a conceived or also discerned in some fit place of the Brain as Cartesius esteemed the Pin●al Gland●le do often pass through the same pores of the Brains texture they do dilate them so that the Objects being absent they may be represented to the Soul whence Memory doth depend But if opening one or more of them some others are dilated Reminiscency is effected and if the traces of the Ideas are conveyed by the smal Ar●eries to the heart and diffuse their beams throughout the mass of Blood it may thence proceed that the Foster is sometimes noted with certain markes Sleep is a Cessation of Motion and of the External Senses and is produced when the Braines substance is not sufficiently ●istended by the Spirits aforesaid or when it is over●whelmed with

difficult and being deem'd against Nature But if the Birth succeedeth happily the Chirurgeon ought to leave the delivering of the party to the Midwife who ought to proceed in this manner The Child being brought forth she ought presently to let follow the Secundine but if they do not instantly succeed she must gently thrust her Hand anointed with Oyl or the following Oyntment along the Navel in the Womb and draw them out The said Ointment is composed in this manner Take Oyl of Lin-seeds one Ounce Oyl of Castor half an Ounce Nutinge three Drams Laudanum one Dram and make a Liniment thereof And then free the Child of them to that end the Midwife must bind the Navel with a double thred two thumbs breadth from the Belly neither too strait nor too loose for fear of Accidents The knot being fitly made the Navil must be cut two fingers breadth beneath the knot and a linnen cloth dipt in Oyl of Roses or of Almonds wrapped about it with another linnen yet over least its coldness till the time of its falling off might cause the Child some pain and inconveniency And thus far ought to be proceeded in the Birth when it happeneth without extraordinary difficulty But because a Chirurgeon is seldom called unless the Birth be difficult here followeth the Method which he ought to observe therein The Birth is rendred difficult chiefly by two Reasons First When the Waters which ought immediately to precede it are evacuated too long before whereby the Womb groweth dry and intractable which is to be remedied by the following Liniment wherewith the Midwife ought often to anoint the Natural Parts Take fresh Butter without Salt washed in water of Mugwort Mucilagines of Figgs of Lin. Oyl and of Althea extracted with Water of Sabina of each half an Ounce Oyl of Flower de Luce an Ounce make a Liniment The following Powder is also esteemed for hastening Child-birth Take Cinnamon Cassia fistula's burk and Dictamel of each a Dram and a half and as much as the whole of white Sugar make a subtil Powder thereof and let the labouring Woman take half an Ounce of it at a time in a decoction of Lin-seed or White-wine The following Drink is also much esteemed for the same purpose Take broken bark of Cassia fistula two Ounces Red Pease half a handful Boyl them with as much white Wine and Water as needs add in the end two Drams of Sabina and make a decoction In the Colature add for each dose a Dram of Cinnamon and six grains of Saffron which being taken provoke the party to sneeze putting in her Nostrils a little pulverized Pepper or white Hellebore and causing her as aforesaid to stop her mouth and Nostrils The Second and chiefest reason rendering the Birth difficult is the discommodious Figure of the Child coming forth otherwise than the Head or Feet foremost which being perceived the Chirurgeon ought to settle the Patient in a convenient manner as before and then gently bind her with a broad and soft fillet Fascia in this manner The said fillet must first be applied to the Neck and thence brought cross-wise before over the Shoulders to the two feet where being again crossed and in many folds about the Leggs and Thighs it ought to be conveyed thence again to the Neck and there be firmly bound so that the party can in no wise stir and to procure it the better she may set the plants of her Feet against the Beadstead a couple of honest Servants keeping her Knees as much from one another as may easily be this being so disposed to keep out the Ambient Air and to perform the Operation more modestly a warm double linnen cloth may cover the Natural parts and Thighs of the Labouring Woman and the Chirurgeon having first cut his Nails and anointed his Hand and Arm with the abovesaid Liniment must by degrees gently as may be thrust it into the Womb where having explored the position of the Child and whether it be alone or with another or a Mole he ought to turn it so that he may come out the Head or Feet foremost as aforesaid But if this do not succeed or that the Child be dead which is judged when neither the Chirurgeons Hand nor the Mother can perceive it to move and most sure if the Waters are flowed out and the Secundines are come forth Then he ought to proceed in this manner having found one of the Feet he ought to draw it out and having bound it about with a soft and broad fillet put it in again then seek the other which having found draw it also out with his hand and together with it by the fillet that which was bound before then having drawn the Child out to the Flank one of the Arms must be retruded along the Neck over the Head the other being along the side and so must be endeavoured to be drawn out It happeneth sometimes that one of the Hands doth appear and is thrust out which must instantly be throst in again and the Child turned to a more commodious figure but if the Womb's Orifice be so swelled that this cannot be done chiefly if the Child be dead the most convenient is to cut it the Bones as deep in the Flesh as may be least it might hurt the said Orisice of the Womb and then so turn the Foster that it may come out as aforesaid But if the dead Child be so swelled either by Tumor or Winds that it cannot possibly come out then a Hook must be struck if the Head be swelled under the Chin in the Mouth in the hollow of the Eyes or best of all in the Pole if the Breast under the Claviculis and if in the Belly in the False Ribbs or in the Bowels above the Navel Pubis specially if the Child cometh with the Feet foremost Others do endeavour to cut the Foster in pieces in the Womb with a crooked Knife and then extract it by pieces apart in doing which or the other operation if it should happen that the Head alone should remain in the Womb a double Hook or an Instrument called by Pareus a Gryphins Foot must be thrust in with a hollow Hand and struck into some part of the Head as aforesaid drawing it gently forth and thus far can Art be extended in the Birth After the Birth ought to come in consideration what must be done first to the Mother and then to the Child For the first she must be exactly kept from all cold and ambient Air which to obtain more surely it will not be amiss to keep her Leggs some time a Cross for so the divided parts will besides be the sooner conjoyned else ought she to be wrapped with a broad Fascia over the Epigaster to the excluding of Air and Blood remaining in the womb and then take the Broth of a Capon or a piece of roasted Bread dipped in good Aromatic● Wine besides specially in Winter the Secundines may be applied to

the Region of the Womb and in Summer the Skin of a Sheep newly flaid to the whole Belly and about the Loynes which must be taken away about six hours after the Patient having rested that time and the Hipp●gaster must be anointed with the following Oyntment Take Sperma Ceti two Ounces Oyl of sweet Almonds and Hypericon of each an Ounce and half Goats Suet an Ounce Oyl of Mirrhe an Ounce and Virgin Wax as much as needs Make an Ointment to be used twice a day About the Navel may be applyed a Plaister of Galbanum with some grains of Zibet Muscus in the middle and about the whole belly Gaulbiers Cloth described by Ambrose Parry But if the Patient be much tormented with Wind the following Power is esteemed excellent Take preserved Anniseed two Drams Nutmeg and burnt Harts-horn of each one Dram and a half Dates-stones three Drams Aloes Wood and Cinamon of each two Drams make a subtil Powder whereof give her one Dram in a Cup of warm White-Wine As for the Child as soon as the same is brought forth it ought to be cleansed from all impurity With Oyl of Roses or of Myrtle Which some do with warm Water and some astringent Wine and then anoint the Child with the said Oyls taking special care whether the Child be not infected with a Chalky Matter in the Mouth which is called the White Canker for then it must be carefully cleansed with a little clout fastned to a stick and dipped in a composition of Oyl of Sweet Almonds Honey and Sugar then having explored whether there be no vice in the conformation or construction of the bodies parts for if there be any it must be maturely corrected the Child must be gently swadled and laid in his Cradle If the Mother or a Nurse will have her Milk stancht Take Oyl of Roses and of Myrtle of each three Ounces Rose-Vinegar one Ounce mix them together and anoint therewith her Breasts four times a day and after the anointing spread them over with Powder of Myrtles applying thereupon the following Plaster Take Powder of Mastick and Nutmeg of each two Drams of Cypress-Nut three Drams of Myrtle and VVild Granate Flowers of each one Dram and a half Ireos of Florence half an Ounce Oyl of Myrtle three Ounces of Venice Treacle two Ounces and Virgins VVax as much as sufficeth Some take a Spong dip'd in the dec●ction of Cumin Seed or Coriander laid in very strong Vinegar and apply it to the Breasts as a secret Both may be much furthered by applying setting Cups between the Thighs and on the Sides of the Umbilick As for the Rest which is but little accessary to the Doctrine of the Generation of Man the Reader is remitted to those that have treated specially thereof as Capuraeins Pareus c. CHAP. VII Of the Venerean Disease THE just punishment of God upon our sins hath for some hundred years since produced a Disease unknown as some think to Antiquity called the Venerian or French Pox which may be defined An Indisposition composed of all other Diseases and their Accidents engendred by a contagious touch but most commonly by impure Copulation whence the Seed of several Men Fermenting ariseth a Venenous either fixt or volatile acid Salt having usually its seat in gross and viscid Flegm whence it procceds to the Invasion of the other Humours It is divided according to its time and progress in Particular and Universal The first degree of the former being when there appeaes Venerean Ulcers and Cancers The second when there is a Virulent Running of the Reins The Universal is when the Virulent Salt spreads it self through the whole Body and infects most of the parts thereof Its Signes are an intense and vehement Pain of the Ioynts Ulcers in the hidden Parts An Inflammation of the Mouth Pustles over the whole Body and specially on the Forehead Lastly Knobs and roughness of the Bones and a falling off of the Hair with other Accidents If the Disease be Recent and the Body in Youth or young Age the season of the Year being favourable the Cure is easily performed but if the Disease be Inveterate and complicated with many accidents If the Patient hath in vain been under Cure and begins to be extenuated by a Consumptive leanness proceeding from a Dissipation of the Natural Moisture the Disease must be esteemed incurable and only tried to be palliated The Cure of it is performed in four manners Namely 1. By the Decoction of Guaiack wood Sarsaparilla China Root and Sassafras which is the gentlest way and fittest for the first degrees 2. By Unction 3. By Plaisters 4. By Suffumigation rejecting that 〈◊〉 taking Mercury inwardly as noxious The first is thus reduced in Act A pound of Guaiac being cut in small pieces is decocted in Balneo Mariae with eight pounds of Conduit Water to the dissipation of the third part and in the end some Cinnamon being added to it the Patient must take of it something warmed five or six Ounces at his usual Meals keeping himself afterwards very warm to provoke sweat which must be instantly wiped off And thus using a very spare Diet the same method must be continued as long as the Patients forces can with facility suffer it The second manner is more effectual if the Disease be Recent The Body being well disposed and prepared the Patient is shut up in a warm Chamber and Closet and the Friction being begun proceed from those parts which pain less to those that are more painful and having a special care to the quantity of Medicaments whereof the Indication is drawn from the ●emper and Srength of the Patient the ●●oynts and Emunctories of the noble parts are usually anointed with the following Liniment Take prepared Quicksilver six Ounces Sublimate half a Dram quick Brimstone half an Ounce fresh Porks grease one pound the yolks of three Eggs Oyl of Laurel and Turpentine of each two Ounces Old Treacle ●nd Mithridate of each half an Ounce let ● Liniment be made according to Art But I rather approve Mercury alone mixt with Hogs grease since it doth not expel the Material Cause of this Disease by any occult or specifick virtue ●eeding Correctives but only by its mo●ion joyning naturally it self with all acid moisture and as Mercury dissolved in the Spirit of Nitre or Aqua Fortis cor●oding the mouth and opening the 〈◊〉 whence the Humors flow till their acidity be evacuated But before the Friction the Body must be judiciously prepared for if dry subjects be not sufficiently humected the heat of the Stomack sublimates the Mercury whence proceeds a Dia●hae● with Gripings of the Gutts and if it be stopt there follows a Constipation a Feaver Inflammation of the Throat or a Phrens● with Convulsions and sometimes the party becomes Deaf Blind c. Contrariwise if Moist Bodies be not well exsiccated by Sudorisick Decoctions the Mercury draweth with him to the Throat a great quantity of Humours with swelling of the