12._o ch_z he_o say_v our_o lord_n do_v not_o doubt_v to_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n when_o he_o give_v they_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o body_n and_o why_o shall_v he_o doubt_v if_o a_o man_n give_v his_o friend_n a_o purse_n of_o money_n he_o do_v not_o doubt_v to_o say_v this_o be_v my_o money_n although_o the_o purse_n be_v only_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o if_o a_o purse_n be_v empty_a it_o be_v a_o empty_a sign_n but_o if_o it_o be_v full_a it_o than_o contain_v all_o that_o it_o signify_v and_o what_o it_o represent_v be_v true_o &_o substantial_o present_a bread_n in_o the_o old_a law_n be_v a_o empty_a sign_n of_o christ_n body_n the_o outward_a form_n of_o bread_n be_v still_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o but_o not_o a_o empty_a sign_n because_o it_o real_o contain_v the_o selfsame_a body_n which_o it_o represent_v i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o s._n augustine_n word_n in_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o his_o christian_a doctrine_n where_o he_o say_v our_o saviour_n 16._o saviour_n ch_n 16._o 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our_o saviour_n do_v not_o say_v this_o be_v wine_n s._n paul_n do_v not_o contradict_v our_o saviour_n nor_o do_v our_o saviour_n contradict_v himself_o why_o then_o do_v they_o call_v it_o bread_n and_o wine_n the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a not_o because_o it_o be_v bread_n &_o wine_n then_o but_o because_o it_o be_v bread_n &_o wine_n before_o nothing_o be_v more_o familiar_a in_o scripture_n than_o this_o way_n of_o speak_v s._n john_n in_o the_o 9_o ch_z of_o his_o gospel_n relate_v the_o miraculous_a cure_n of_o the_o man_n that_o be_v bear_v blind_a tell_v we_o in_o the_o 7._o v._n he_o go_v his_o way_n &_o wash_v &_o come_v see_v and_o yet_o afterward_o in_o the_o 17._o v._n he_o call_v he_o blind_a and_o tell_v we_o what_o they_o say_v to_o the_o blind_a man_n again_o why_o do_v the_o scripture_n call_v he_o blind_a after_o his_o sight_n be_v restore_v the_o reason_n be_v not_o because_o he_o be_v blind_a then_o but_o because_o he_o be_v blind_a before_o turn_v to_o the_o 7._o ch_z of_o s._n luke_n and_o in_o the_o 22._o v._n you_o will_v read_v these_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o blind_a see_v the_o lame_a walk_n the_o deaf_a hear_v he_o say_v they_o see_v and_o yet_o he_o call_v they_o blind_a he_o say_v they_o walk_v &_o yet_o he_o call_v they_o lame_a he_o say_v they_o hear_v &_o yet_o he_o call_v they_o deaf_a why_o do_v he_o call_v they_o blind_a lame_a &_o deaf_a when_o he_o himself_o bear_v witness_v that_o they_o see_v walk_v &_o hear_v the_o answer_n lie_v before_o you_o he_o call_v they_o so_o not_o because_o they_o be_v so_o then_o but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o before_o in_o the_o 2._o ch_z of_o s._n john_n the_o substantial_a change_n of_o water_n into_o wine_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o transubstantiation_n &_o therefore_o the_o example_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o purpose_n in_o the_o 9_o v._o you_o read_v that_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o feast_n taste_v the_o water_n that_o be_v make_v wine_n you_o can_v but_o observe_v how_o plain_o the_o scripture_n say_v it_o be_v make_v wine_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n plain_o call_v it_o water_n will_v any_o man_n deny_v this_o miracle_n and_o say_v it_o be_v not_o real_o &_o true_o wine_n because_o the_o scripture_n call_v it_o water_n after_o it_o be_v make_v wine_n no_o no_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o when_o the_o miracle_n be_v do_v the_o scripture_n call_v it_o water_n not_o because_o it_o be_v water_n then_o but_o because_o it_o be_v water_n before_o read_v the_o 7._o ch_z of_o exodus_fw-la you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 10._o v._o aaron_n cast_v down_o his_o rod_n before_o pharaoh_n &_o it_o become_v a_o serpent_n in_o the_o 11._o v._o the_o magician_n of_o egypt_n also_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n &_o in_o the_o 12._o v._n they_o cast_v down_o every_o man_n his_o rod_n but_o aaron_n rod_n swallow_v up_o their_o rod_n pause_v here_o one_o moment_n the_o scripture_n plain_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o rod_n be_v all_o change_v into_o serpent_n and_o yet_o after_o the_o 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but_o ingenuous_o confess_v that_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o any_o way_n repugnant_a to_o plain_a word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n but_o that_o scripture_n itself_o contute_n the_o best_a of_o all_o their_o argument_n which_o they_o produce_v against_o it_o i_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v ignorance_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v either_o that_o or_o want_v of_o ingenuity_n which_o make_v man_n argue_v that_o because_o there_o be_v some_o metaphor_n in_o scripture_n therefore_o the_o word_n of_o consecration_n be_v a_o metaphor_n or_o figure_n no_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o we_o often_o meet_v with_o metaphor_n in_o scripture_n but_o then_o either_o the_o common_a phrase_n of_o speak_v evident_o mark_n they_o out_o or_o else_o they_o be_v explaind_v by_o what_o forerun_v or_o follow_v the_o expression_n &_o so_o explaind_v that_o no_o judicious_a reader_n doubt_v the_o meaning_n of_o they_o when_o in_o the_o 6._o of_o s._n john_n our_o saviour_n say_v i_o be_o the_o bread_n of_o life_n he_o add_v he_o that_o come_v to_o i_o shall_v never_o hunger_n when_o in_o the_o 8._o he_o say_v i_o be_o the_o light_n of_o the_o world_n he_o add_v he_o that_o follow_v i_o shall_v have_v the_o light_n of_o life_n when_o in_o the_o 10._o he_o say_v i_o be_o the_o door_n he_o add_v by_o i_o if_o any_o man_n enter_v he_o shall_v be_v save_v when_o in_o the_o 14._o he_o say_v i_o be_o the_o way_n he_o add_v no_o man_n come_v to_o my_o father_n but_o by_o i_o when_o in_o the_o 15._o he_o say_v i_o be_o the_o vine_n he_o add_v he_o that_o abide_v in_o i_o bring_v forth_o much_o fruit_n so_o when_o s._n paul_n tell_v the_o ephesian_n 5._o ch_z 30._o v._n we_o be_v member_n of_o his_o body_n of_o his_o flesh_n &_o of_o his_o bone_n he_o explicare_v it_o in_o the_o 23._o v._n that_o this_o body_n which_o christ_n be_v the_o head_n and_o saviour_n of_o be_v the_o church_n and_o when_o he_o mention_n flesh_n &_o bone_n he_o only_o carry_v on_o the_o metaphor_n by_o a_o mysterious_a allusion_n to_o the_o 2._o of_o genesis_n because_o as_o eve_n body_n draw_v its_o be_v from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o first_o adam_n when_o he_o sleep_v in_o paradise_n so_o also_o the_o church_n derive_v the_o grace_n which_o animate_v it_o from_o the_o side_n the_o flesh_n &_o bone_n of_o the_o last_o adam_n when_o he_o sleep_v his_o mortal_a sleep_n upon_o the_o cross_n the_o verse_n which_o follow_v lead_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n and_o give_v we_o word_n for_o word_n the_o 24._o v._o of_o the_o 2._o of_o genesis_n that_o we_o may_v evident_o know_v the_o sense_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o comparison_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n no_o less_o care_n be_v take_v in_o the_o 1._o to_o the_o cor._n 10._o ch_n &_o 4._o v._o to_o explicate_v these_o word_n that_o rock_n be_v christ_n s._n paul_n seem_v to_o write_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n as_o if_o he_o have_v forseen_v how_o much_o these_o word_n will_v be_v abuse_v by_o those_o who_o now_o compare_v they_o with_o the_o word_n of_o consecration_n lest_o any_o man_n may_v think_v that_o when_o he_o say_v that_o rock_n be_v christ_n he_o take_v the_o word_n rock_n in_o the_o literal_a sense_n he_o plain_o say_v he_o speak_v of_o spiritual_a meat_n &_o spiritual_a drink_n he_o say_v in_o the_o same_o verse_n they_o drink_v of_o that_o spiritual_a rock_n which_o follow_v they_o and_o that_o rock_n that_o be_v that_o spiritual_a rock_n be_v christ_n what_o can_v a_o man_n say_v more_o to_o acquaint_v the_o world_n with_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o his_o word_n &_o give_v we_o a_o assurance_n that_o it_o be_v not_o literal_a but_o only_o figurative_a &_o metaphorical_a some_o people_n be_v willing_a to_o believe_v that_o because_o christ_n body_n &_o blood_n be_v only_o metaphorical_o break_v &_o shed_v for_o we_o in_o the_o sacrament_n therefore_o they_o be_v not_o real_o his_o body_n &_o blood_n as_o if_o because_o one_o word_n be_v figurative_a in_o a_o sentence_n therefore_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v be_v so_o too_o mere_o for_o keep_v it_o company_n or_o as_o if_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v that_o because_o christ_n sit_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o his_o father_n be_v a_o mere_a metaphor_n therefore_o he_o do_v not_o real_o ascend_v to_o heaven_n when_o in_o s._n luke_n &_o in_o the_o 1_o cor._n we_o read_v these_o word_n this_o cup_n be_v the_o new_a testament_n in_o my_o blood_n the_o cup_n be_v one_o metaphor_n the_o testament_n be_v another_o but_o hence_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v mere_o metaphorical_a for_o in_o the_o common_a
john_n 6._o ch_z write_v jesus_n the_o son_n of_o joseph_n s._n luke_n 3._o ch_n explain_v it_o jesus_n be_v as_o be_v suppose_v the_o son_n of_o joseph_n our_o saviour_n frequent_o invite_v the_o thirsty_a to_o he_o &_o promise_v they_o live_a water_n s._n john_n in_o the_o 7._o ch_z explain_v it_o he_o speak_v this_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o they_o who_o believe_v on_o he_o shall_v receive_v but_o these_o word_n which_o we_o read_v in_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o explain_v by_o any_o one_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o infer_v that_o all_o these_o sacred_a penman_n never_o understand_v our_o adversary_n figurative_a sense_n they_o literal_o understand_v it_o as_o we_o do_v believe_v it_o as_o they_o understand_v it_o &_o write_v as_o they_o believe_v it_o s._n mark_v 4._o ch_z 34._o v._n say_v of_o our_o saviour_n that_o when_o they_o be_v alone_o he_o expound_v all_o thing_n to_o his_o disciple_n if_o then_o our_o saviour_n use_v a_o figure_n when_o he_o 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substantial_a change_n which_o we_o call_v transubstantiation_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o change_n one_o accidental_a as_o when_o cold_a water_n be_v make_v warm_a another_o substantial_a as_o when_o our_o saviour_n change_v water_n into_o wine_n a_o accidental_a change_n may_v warm_v the_o water_n but_o only_o a_o substantial_a change_n can_v make_v it_o wine_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n a_o accidental_a change_n may_v make_v bread_n a_o sacrament_n but_o nothing_o less_o than_o a_o substantial_a change_n can_v make_v it_o the_o flesh_n or_o body_n of_o christ_n christ_n the_o father_n often_o compare_v these_o change_n but_o never_o confound_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o s._n cyril_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o his_o 1._o mystagogick_n catechise_v observe_v that_o as_o bread_n by_o invocation_n of_o the_o trinity_n be_v make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n so_o meat_n offer_v to_o devil_n be_v make_v impure_a by_o invocation_n of_o they_o in_o his_o 3._o catechise_v he_o say_v as_o bread_n after_o the_o invocation_n be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n so_o the_o ointment_n after_o consecration_n be_v the_o chrism_n of_o christ_n s._n ambrose_n in_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr sacramentis_fw-la ch_n 4._o prove_n that_o christ_n can_v effect_v great_a change_n above_o nature_n because_o by_o his_o grace_n we_o be_v new_a creature_n in_o him._n but_o yet_o the_o father_n do_v not_o say_v these_o change_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o by_o which_o bread_n be_v make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n these_o assertion_n this_o meat_n be_v impure_a this_o ointment_n be_v the_o chrism_n of_o christ_n this_o man_n be_v a_o new_a creature_n in_o christ_n all_o this_o be_v evident_o verify_v in_o the_o plain_a literal_a sense_n by_o a_o mere_a accidental_a change_n but_o when_o the_o father_n say_v this_o bread_n be_v the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n nothing_o but_o a_o substantial_a change_n can_v verify_v the_o plain_a sense_n of_o the_o letter_n nothing_o can_v make_v it_o literal_o true_a but_o transubstantiation_n bread_n be_v one_o body_n one_o corporeal_a substance_n the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n be_v another_o body_n another_o corporeal_a substance_n change_v that_o into_o this_o you_o change_v one_o body_n into_o another_o one_o substance_n into_o another_o and_o then_o i_o pray_v what_o change_n be_v this_o if_o it_o be_v not_o substantial_a what_o be_v it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o transubstantiation_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o when_o the_o father_n of_o the_o first_o four_o age_n speak_v of_o the_o wonderful_a change_n make_v in_o the_o sacrament_n they_o speak_v of_o the_o change_n of_o bread_n into_o the_o flesh_n or_o body_n of_o christ_n they_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o accidental_a change_n but_o a_o substantial_a one_o which_o now_o the_o church_n call_v transubstantiation_n and_o
three_o sermon_n upon_o the_o sacrament_n in_o which_o transubstantiation_n be_v impartial_o consider_v as_o to_o reason_n scripture_n and_o tradition_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o sermon_n upon_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n george_n by_o n._n n._n preacher_n in_o ordinary_a to_o their_o majesty_n london_n m.dc.lxxxviii_o a_o sermon_n preach_v before_o the_o king_n at_o whitehall_n june_n 14._o 1688._o quomodo_fw-la fiet_fw-la istud_fw-la how_o shall_v this_o be_v do_v luke_n 1.34_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n divinity_n abhor_v the_o faith_n of_o it_o as_o contrary_a to_o sense_n because_o all_o those_o who_o see_v he_o plain_o see_v he_o be_v a_o man_n and_o opposite_a to_o reason_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o impossible_a either_o for_o immensity_n to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o man_n or_o for_o one_o person_n to_o subsist_v in_o two_o nature_n the_o enemy_n of_o transubstantiation_n urge_v the_o same_o argument_n against_o it_o they_o say_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o sense_n because_o all_o those_o who_o see_v it_o plain_o see_v it_o be_v bread_n and_o opposite_a to_o reason_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o impossible_a either_o for_o christ_n body_n to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n or_o for_o one_o body_n to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o two_o place_n never_o be_v s._n paul_n advice_n more_o seasonable_a than_o in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n 10.5_o duty_n 2._o cor._n 10.5_o to_o cast_v down_o imagination_n and_o every_o high_a thing_n that_o exalt_v itself_o against_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n bring_v into_o captivity_n every_o thought_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o christ_n i_o must_v confess_v it_o be_v natural_a enough_o to_o entertain_v a_o doubtful_a thought_n of_o what_o be_v far_o above_o the_o reach_n of_o reason_n when_o thing_n be_v so_o extreme_o difficult_a that_o no_o man_n can_v conceive_v the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v perform_v we_o present_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v they_o be_v impossible_a how_o shall_v this_o be_v do_v but_o this_o be_v a_o proud_a thought_n that_o must_v be_v humble_v it_o be_v a_o rebellious_a imagination_n which_o if_o s._n paul_n say_v true_a must_v be_v cast_v down_o it_o exalt_v itself_o against_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o must_v be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n s._n john_n damascen_n in_o his_o orthodox_n faith_n ch_n faith_n 3._o b._n 14._o ch_n propose_v a_o illustrious_a example_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o a_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o incarnation_n &_o eucharist_n and_o by_o the_o bless_a virgin_n be_v humble_a submission_n to_o that_o mystery_n show_v how_o we_o ought_v to_o captivate_v our_o understanding_n in_o believe_v this_o thus_o he_o discourse_v &_o compare_v both_o mystery_n how_o shall_v this_o be_v do_v say_v the_o bless_a virgin_n see_v i_o know_v not_o a_o man_n the_o archangel_n gabriel_n answer_v the_o holy_a ghost_n shall_v come_v upon_o thou_o &_o the_o power_n of_o the_o high_a shall_v overshadow_v thou_o you_o also_o ask_v i_o the_o like_a question_n how_o can_v bread_n be_v make_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n &_o wine_n mix_v with_o water_n become_v the_o blood_n of_o christ_n i_o also_o give_v you_o the_o same_o answer_n the_o holy_a ghost_n descend_v &_o effect_n such_o thing_n as_o far_o exceed_v not_o only_o our_o expression_n but_o our_o understanding_n the_o mystery_n of_o faith_n will_v be_v no_o long_o mystery_n if_o reason_n comprehend_v they_o much_o less_o will_v they_o deserve_v that_o name_n if_o sense_n discover_v they_o we_o common_o say_v that_o see_v be_v believe_v and_o among_o man_n acquaint_v with_o the_o cheat_v of_o a_o deceitful_a world_n we_o find_v the_o wise_a be_v the_o slow_a in_o believe_v what_o they_o do_v not_o see_v but_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v so_o much_o credit_n with_o we_o that_o we_o confident_o trust_v he_o far_o than_o we_o see_v he_o and_o when_o we_o hear_v he_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n we_o believe_v it_o though_o we_o do_v not_o see_v it_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n that_o we_o bold_o venture_v to_o believe_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o sense_n more_o than_o it_o be_v that_o we_o believe_v such_o point_n as_o be_v above_o the_o reach_n of_o reason_n if_o transubstantiation_n be_v either_o contrary_n to_o sense_n or_o reason_n then_o indeed_o the_o clamour_n of_o our_o adversary_n will_v be_v something_o plausible_a but_o if_o it_o be_v neither_o contrary_n to_o sense_n as_o i_o shall_v plain_o show_v in_o my_o first_o part_n nor_o contrary_a to_o reason_n as_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v in_o my_o second_o all_o their_o unreasonable_a clamour_n will_v be_v little_o value_v and_o all_o their_o noise_n which_o be_v the_o last_o and_o weak_a refuge_n of_o a_o baffed_a cause_n will_v signify_v just_a nothing_o permit_v i_o only_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o beg_v the_o assistance_n of_o my_o saviour_n who_o cause_n i_o plead_v and_o to_o desire_v his_o virgin_n mother_n with_o all_o the_o angel_n &_o saint_n in_o heaven_n to_o join_v their_o prayer_n with_o i_o first_o part_n we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o willing_a to_o believe_v our_o eye_n and_o true_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v they_o especial_o when_o all_o man_n eye_n agree_v and_o in_o all_o time_n &_o place_n give_v the_o same_o information_n to_o our_o understanding_n not_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o almighty_a to_o deceive_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o man_n by_o a_o constant_a miracle_n of_o his_o omnipotence_n but_o that_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o suppose_v he_o use_v method_n more_o conformable_a to_o reasonable_a nature_n one_o great_a occasion_n of_o man_n think_v that_o their_o sense_n be_v impose_v upon_o be_v but_o a_o false_a persuasion_n that_o when_o they_o see_v the_o sacrament_n they_o must_v believe_v the_o outward_a form_n the_o surface_n &_o the_o quality_n which_o we_o see_v touch_n &_o 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all_o their_o sense_n then_o they_o will_v easy_o conclude_v that_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o sense_n my_o word_n alone_o perhaps_o have_v not_o sufficient_a credit_n with_o you_o you_o may_v hear_v s._n anselm_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n after_o the_o condemnation_n of_o berengarius_fw-la in_o the_o 1._o ch_n of_o his_o tract_n de_fw-fr sacramento_n altaris_fw-la he_o plain_o say_v that_o similitude_n of_o bread_n which_o upon_o the_o altar_n appear_v to_o our_o corporeal_a eye_n consider_v in_o itself_o be_v not_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n no_o no_o you_o may_v believe_v your_o eye_n that_o all_o the_o exterior_a form_n of_o bread_n be_v true_o there_o it_o be_v only_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v real_o contain_v &_o
hide_v under_o they_o and_o thus_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n express_o declare_v in_o the_o 1._o ch_n of_o the_o 13._o session_n not_o that_o the_o sensible_a thing_n themselves_o be_v true_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n but_o that_o under_o they_o his_o body_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o 1._o of_o samuel_n 7._o samuel_n c._n 16._o v._n 7._o man_n look_v upon_o the_o outward_a appearance_n but_o god_n look_v upon_o the_o heart_n in_o like_a manner_n our_o sense_n only_o perceive_v the_o outward_a appearance_n of_o their_o object_n but_o our_o understanding_n by_o which_o we_o be_v make_v to_o the_o image_n of_o god_n be_v the_o only_a faculty_n which_o can_v discern_v the_o inward_a substance_n the_o naked_a notion_n of_o subsistent_n be_v can_v be_v perceive_v by_o any_o sense_n because_o it_o neither_o have_v dimension_n motion_n posture_n figure_n colour_n nor_o any_o of_o those_o modification_n which_o affect_v our_o sense_n the_o quality_n and_o mode_n of_o 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but_o ignorance_n can_v possible_o excuse_v all_o those_o who_o flap_n we_o over_o the_o mouth_n with_o the_o absurdity_n of_o contradict_v all_o our_o sense_n we_o real_o believe_v the_o superficies_n or_o outward_a form_n be_v round_o and_o white_a just_a as_o we_o see_v it_o if_o we_o feel_v it_o rough_a and_o dry_a we_o take_v it_o to_o be_v such_o and_o when_o we_o taste_v it_o sweet_a we_o do_v not_o question_v but_o it_o be_v so_o we_o firm_o without_o any_o hesitation_n believe_v all_o that_o our_o sense_n represent_v unto_o we_o we_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o we_o believe_v our_o sense_n we_o live_v &_o die_v in_o a_o persuasion_n that_o in_o this_o mystery_n our_o sense_n tell_v we_o nothing_o but_o what_o be_v true_a and_o yet_o some_o people_n have_v the_o face_n to_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o contradict_v our_o sense_n a_o strange_a world_n it_o be_v we_o live_v in_o now_o that_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o say_v any_o thing_n i_o know_v very_o well_o you_o will_v ready_o object_v that_o after_o consecration_n we_o see_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o we_o believe_v the_o substance_n be_v not_o there_o be_v not_o this_o contradict_v of_o our_o sense_n i_o grant_v that_o after_o consecration_n we_o see_v the_o substance_n as_o plain_o as_o we_o do_v before_o but_o this_o i_o flat_o deny_v that_o any_o man_n ever_o see_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n either_o before_o or_o after_o it_o be_v true_a most_o man_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v philosophy_n be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o when_o they_o see_v bread_n lie_v before_o they_o they_o see_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o they_o never_o imagine_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n betwixt_o see_v bread_n &_o see_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n as_o there_o be_v betwixt_o see_v substance_n with_o all_o its_o clothes_n on_o and_o see_v of_o it_o naked_a when_o they_o see_v the_o length_n breadth_n depth_n the_o figure_n texture_n colour_n of_o the_o part_n of_o bread_n they_o think_v they_o see_v the_o substance_n and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o be_v mistake_v because_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o substance_n be_v but_o if_o they_o will_v go_v to_o school_v to_o aristotle_n or_o cartesius_n the_o two_o chief_a master_n of_o the_o old_a &_o new_a philosophy_n the_o first_o will_v reach_v they_o that_o when_o they_o think_v they_o see_v or_o feel_v the_o substance_n of_o any_o body_n they_o only_o see_v &_o feel_v the_o accident_n the_o quantity_n &_o quality_n that_o cover_v it_o the_o second_o will_v easy_o inform_v they_o and_o let_v they_o know_v they_o only_o see_v &_o feel_v the_o superficies_n &_o mode_n of_o matter_n which_o may_v remain_v the_o same_o to_o all_o intent_n &_o purpose_n and_o make_v the_o same_o impression_n upon_o our_o sense_n although_o the_o entity_n of_o matter_n be_v entire_o change_v if_o any_o of_o you_o be_v so_o curious_a you_o may_v read_v cartesius_n himself_o upon_o this_o subject_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o meditation_n pag._n 137_o of_o the_o 5._o edition_n print_v at_o amsterdam_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o 139._o 1670._o notandum_fw-la denique_fw-la per_fw-la supersiciem_fw-la panis_fw-la aut_fw-la vini_fw-la alteriusve_fw-la corporis_fw-la non_fw-la hic_fw-la intelligi_fw-la partem_fw-la ullam_fw-la substantiae_fw-la nec_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la feed_v tantummodo_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la qui_fw-la medius_fw-la esse_fw-la concipitur_fw-la inter_fw-la singulas_fw-la ejus_fw-la particulas_fw-la &_o corpora_fw-la ipsas_fw-la ambientia_fw-la quique_fw-la nullam_fw-la planè_fw-la entitatem_fw-la habeat_fw-la nisi_fw-la modalem_fw-la jam_fw-la verò_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o solo_fw-la termino_fw-la contactus_fw-la fiat_fw-la &_o nihil_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la contactum_fw-la sentiatur_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la uno_fw-la quod_fw-la dicantur_fw-la panis_fw-la &_o vini_fw-la substantiae_fw-la in_o alicujus_fw-la alterius_fw-la rei_fw-la substantiam_fw-la ita_fw-la mutari_fw-la ut_fw-la haec_fw-la nova_fw-la substantia_fw-la sub_fw-la eisdem_fw-la planè_fw-la terminis_fw-la contineatur_fw-la sub_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliae_fw-la aliae_fw-la jam_fw-la existerent_fw-la si_fw-la adessent_fw-la sequi_fw-la necessatiò_fw-la illam_fw-la novam_fw-la substantiam_fw-la eodem_fw-la planè_fw-la modo_fw-la sensus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nostros_fw-la afficere_fw-la debere_fw-la quo_fw-la panis_fw-la &_o vinum_fw-la illos_fw-la afficerent_fw-la si_fw-la nulla_fw-la transubstantiatio_fw-la facta_fw-la esset_fw-la loc_fw-la cit_fw-la praeterea_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la incomprehensibile_fw-la aut_fw-la difficile_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la quod_fw-la deus_fw-la creator_n omnium_fw-la possit_fw-la unam_fw-la substantiam_fw-la in_o aliam_fw-la mutare_fw-la quodque_fw-la haec_fw-la posterior_n substantia_fw-la sub_fw-la eâdem_fw-la planè_fw-la superficie_fw-la remaneat_fw-la sub_fw-la quâ_fw-la prio_fw-la continebatur_fw-la nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la quidquam_fw-la rationi_fw-la magis_fw-la consentancum_fw-la dici_fw-la potest_fw-la nec_fw-la vulgo_fw-la apud_fw-la philosophos_fw-la magis_fw-la receptum_fw-la quà m_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la omnem_fw-la sensum_fw-la sed_fw-la omnem_fw-la corporis_fw-la in_o corpus_fw-la actionem_fw-la fieti_fw-la per_fw-la contactum_fw-la huncque_fw-la contactum_fw-la in_o solâ_fw-la superficie_fw-la esse_fw-la posse_fw-la vnde_fw-la sequitur_fw-la evidenter_fw-la eandem_fw-la superficiem_fw-la quantumvis_fw-la substantia_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la eâ_fw-la est_fw-la mutetur_fw-la eodem_fw-la semper_fw-la modo_fw-la agere_fw-la ac_fw-la pati_fw-la debere_fw-la quapropter_fw-la ausim_fw-la sperare_fw-la ventutum_fw-la tempus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la quo_fw-la illa_fw-la opinio_fw-la quae_fw-la ponit_fw-la accidentia_fw-la realia_fw-la realia_fw-la explodetur_fw-la &_o mea_fw-la ut_fw-la certa_fw-la &_o indubitata_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la locum_fw-la recipietur_fw-la ibid._n pag._n 139._o some_o of_o my_o auditory_a may_v perhaps_o be_v a_o little_a surprise_v to_o hear_v so_o much_o philosophy_n deliver_v in_o a_o pulpit_n whence_o they_o usual_o expect_v the_o law_n of_o god_n &_o christian_a doctrine_n if_o without_o philosophy_n we_o can_v find_v the_o way_n to_o heaven_n what_o will_v become_v of_o all_o those_o christian_n who_o never_o find_v the_o way_n to_o school_v pray_v give_v i_o leave_v there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o christian_n let_v they_o be_v as_o ignorant_a as_o you_o please_v especial_o in_o matter_n of_o philosophy_n who_o never_o the_o less_o think_v they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o judge_v the_o great_a mystery_n and_o secret_n of_o it_o and_o when_o they_o hear_v the_o catholic_n church_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o eucharist_n the_o interior_a substance_n of_o bread_n &_o wine_n be_v change_v into_o the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o christ_n nothing_o remain_v but_o the_o outward_a form_n of_o bread_n &_o wine_n in_o stead_n of_o receive_v humble_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n which_o the_o church_n propose_v they_o immediate_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o error_n &_o cry_v it_o down_o as_o a_o ridiculous_a absurdity_n which_o contradict_v our_o sense_n all_o this_o while_n they_o never_o consider_v how_o little_a it_o become_v they_o to_o pretend_v to_o judge_v of_o thing_n they_o do_v not_o understand_v tell_v they_o that_o
in_o the_o principle_n both_o of_o the_o old_a &_o new_a philosophy_n we_o never_o see_v the_o nakedness_n of_o any_o substance_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o the_o outward_a form_n which_o hide_v it_o from_o we_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o almighty_a have_v a_o mind_n to_o change_v the_o substance_n only_o not_o the_o accident_n we_o may_v watch_v he_o as_o narrow_o as_o we_o please_v &_o never_o discover_v any_o alteration_n because_o all_o that_o our_o sense_n can_v perceive_v remain_v the_o same_o and_o as_o before_o the_o substance_n be_v miraculous_o change_v we_o can_v not_o see_v it_o so_o after_o it_o be_v miraculous_o change_v we_o can_v miss_v it_o talk_v to_o they_o of_o these_o notion_n in_o the_o plain_a term_n you_o can_v they_o will_v ask_v you_o what_o you_o mean._n &_o wonder_v what_o you_o will_v be_v at_o they_o neither_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o substance_n nor_o the_o accident_n they_o know_v not_o whether_o transubstantiation_n be_v contrary_a to_o sense_n or_o no_o and_o yet_o they_o still_o will_v tell_v a_o man_n it_o contradict_v their_o sense_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o if_o they_o who_o do_v not_o understand_v philosophy_n may_v tell_v we_o we_o deny_v our_o sense_n and_o they_o who_o understand_v it_o may_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o tell_v they_o fair_o they_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v mistake_v in_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v dangerous_a and_o certain_o so_o much_o philosophy_n as_o be_v needful_a to_o set_v we_o right_n can_v but_o be_v allowable_a when_o such_o mistake_v as_o these_o proceed_v from_o want_n of_o understand_v it_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o part_n of_o my_o discourse_n with_o show_v in_o as_o easy_a term_n as_o the_o matter_n will_v bear_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n to_o give_v evidence_n against_o our_o faith_n of_o transubstantiation_n if_o we_o believe_v that_o transubstantiation_n be_v a_o sensible_a change_n a_o change_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v sensible_a in_o the_o bread_n &_o wine_n then_o indeed_o our_o sense_n be_v judge_n of_o sensible_a thing_n may_v easy_o give_v evidence_n against_o our_o faith_n they_o may_v depose_v that_o nothing_o sensible_a be_v change_v but_o that_o all_o thing_n sensible_a remain_v the_o same_o as_o former_o they_o be_v and_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o our_o faith_n will_v contradict_v our_o sense_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o transubstantiation_n be_v a_o sensible_a change_n if_o we_o believe_v no_o change_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v sensible_a then_o true_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v judge_n of_o insensible_a thing_n can_v give_v evidence_n against_o we_o they_o can_v depose_v that_o no_o insensible_a thing_n be_v change_v because_o insensible_a matter_n fall_v not_o within_o their_o cognizance_n and_o therefore_o whether_o they_o be_v change_v or_o not_o be_v more_o than_o they_o can_v tell_v if_o there_o shall_v happen_v a_o dispute_n concern_v difference_n of_o colour_n whether_o they_o be_v change_v or_o not_o will_v you_o remit_v it_o to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o five_o blind_a man_n since_o therefore_o the_o dispute_n betwixt_o we_o be_v about_o the_o insensible_a difference_n of_o substance_n whether_o it_o be_v change_v or_o not_o how_o can_v our_o sense_n give_v their_o sentiment_n one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o for_o it_o or_o against_o it_o this_o argument_n be_v so_o convince_a that_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v the_o least_o appearance_n of_o a_o solid_a answer_n and_o withal_o so_o plain_a that_o any_o man_n without_o philosophy_n may_v clear_o understand_v it_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o more_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o the_o cavil_v which_o may_v possible_o arise_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o schoolmen_n fancy_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o catholic_n church_n by_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v change_v in_o the_o sacrament_n do_v not_o understand_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v sensible_a in_o bread_n &_o wine_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n in_o the_o 2._o canon_n of_o the_o 13._o session_n suppose_v as_o a_o certain_a &_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o all_o thing_n sensible_a remain_v the_o same_o manentibus_fw-la speciebus_fw-la panis_fw-la &_o vini_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 1._o ch_n of_o the_o same_o session_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v contain_v under_o they_o sub_fw-la specie_fw-la illarum_fw-la rerum_fw-la sensibilium_fw-la it_o be_v true_a the_o council_n do_v not_o offer_v to_o define_v what_o substance_n be_v it_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o what_o it_o understand_v by_o substance_n it_o meddle_v not_o with_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n but_o only_a definition_n of_o faith_n determine_v what_o truth_n be_v first_o deliver_v to_o the_o church_n by_o christ_n &_o his_o apostle_n but_o though_o we_o know_v not_o in_o particular_a what_o it_o be_v the_o council_n mean_v by_o substance_n this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o it_o mean_v not_o any_o of_o those_o sensible_a thing_n but_o only_o that_o insensible_a subsistent_n be_v which_o be_v hide_v under_o they_o and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o silence_v all_o dispute_n about_o the_o evidence_n of_o sense_n let_v who_o will_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n &_o wine_n be_v sensible_a we_o always_o shall_v have_v this_o to_o say_v that_o if_o by_o substance_n they_o mean_v something_o which_o be_v sensible_a the_o council_n do_v not_o mean_v the_o same_o they_o mean_v one_o sort_n of_o substance_n the_o council_n mean_v another_o &_o therefore_o all_o their_o argument_n from_o evidence_n of_o sense_n be_v every_o one_o misplace_v they_o be_v level_v against_o a_o chimerical_a transubstantiation_n of_o their_o own_o invention_n and_o not_o against_o that_o which_o the_o council_n have_v define_v in_o a_o word_n if_o any_o transubstantiation_n be_v contrary_a to_o sense_n let_v they_o look_v to_o it_o we_o be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o the_o matter_n such_o a_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o we_o but_o they_o i_o humble_o recommend_v this_o to_o your_o serious_a thought_n &_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o reason_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o my_o discourse_n second_o part_n the_o oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n assure_v we_o 36.26_o we_o 36.26_o god_n be_v great_a and_o we_o know_v he_o not_o as_o we_o do_v not_o know_v he_o so_o we_o do_v not_o know_v his_o power_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 37.5_o chapter_n 37.5_o he_o do_v great_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v comprehend_v his_o work_n be_v great_a we_o can_v comprehend_v they_o but_o hence_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v impossible_a because_o he_o can_v do_v great_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v comprehend_v we_o all_o of_o we_o agree_v that_o mystery_n of_o faith_n be_v far_o above_o the_o reach_n of_o reason_n but_o it_o be_v our_o great_a misfortune_n and_o one_o of_o the_o worst_a effect_n of_o our_o original_a corruption_n that_o though_o we_o thus_o agree_v in_o general_n yet_o in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o particular_n we_o easy_o confound_v their_o be_v above_o reason_n with_o their_o be_v contrary_a and_o present_o conclude_v they_o contrary_a because_o they_o be_v above_o it_o all_o this_o proceed_v from_o nothing_o but_o a_o secret_a pride_n or_o vanity_n which_o make_v we_o willing_a to_o suppose_v that_o we_o be_v wise_a than_o we_o be_v that_o we_o comprehend_v the_o secret_a nature_n of_o thing_n understand_v clear_o the_o essential_a constitution_n of_o their_o being_n see_v evident_o all_o the_o attribute_n appropriate_v to_o they_o &_o all_o the_o quality_n irreconcilable_o repugnant_a to_o their_o nature_n suppose_v this_o we_o ready_o pronounce_v this_o be_v impossible_a that_o can_v be_v this_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n that_o be_v a_o contradiction_n and_o all_o this_o while_n reflect_v not_o that_o we_o may_v perhaps_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v in_o our_o arbitrary_a notion_n from_o whence_o we_o draw_v so_o easy_o these_o bold_a conclusion_n we_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o history_n as_o well_o as_o theory_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n if_o we_o do_v we_o shall_v find_v such_o strange_a variety_n &_o alteration_n in_o it_o as_o will_v demonstrate_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o of_o all_o its_o principle_n corpuscular_a philosophy_n be_v well_o enough_o receive_v in_o ancient_a time_n under_o democritus_n &_o epicurus_n afterward_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n quite_o lay_v by_o &_o aristotle_n notion_n succeed_v in_o the_o place_n and_o now_o the_o world_n begin_v to_o seem_v unsatisfied_a his_o matter_n &_o form_n his_o quantity_n &_o quality_n begin_v to_o look_v a_o little_a out_o of_o countenance_n and_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n
begin_v to_o come_v in_o play_n again_o if_o we_o will_v spend_v one_o serious_a thought_n upon_o these_o revolution_n in_o the_o very_a fundamental_n of_o our_o natural_a philosophy_n we_o shall_v learn_v the_o best_a &_o the_o most_o beneficial_a knowledge_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o ignorance_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o vain_a humour_n which_o incline_v some_o few_o to_o dogmatise_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n proceed_v not_o from_o their_o be_v wise_a than_o their_o neighbour_n but_o rather_o from_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o imagination_n than_o the_o power_n of_o their_o reason_n we_o shall_v see_v that_o since_o the_o fall_n of_o adam_n even_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n be_v above_o our_o reach_n 3.11_o reach_n eccles_n 3.11_o no_o man_n say_v solomon_n can_v find_v they_o out_o from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n when_o any_o mystery_n of_o faith_n seem_v not_o to_o suit_v so_o well_o as_o we_o will_v have_v it_o with_o the_o notion_n which_o we_o fancy_v most_o we_o shall_v rather_o suspect_v that_o we_o may_v be_v mistake_v in_o our_o principle_n than_o cry_v it_o down_o as_o a_o chimerical_a absurdity_n below_o god_n majesty_n above_o his_o art_n &_o beyond_o the_o utmost_a stretch_n of_o his_o omnipotence_n as_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n seem_v mere_a folly_n to_o the_o gentile_n and_o a_o scandal_n to_o the_o jew_n so_o now_o the_o mystery_n of_o transubstantiation_n seem_v impossible_a to_o some_o incredible_a to_o other_o it_o seem_v impossible_a 1._o for_o the_o natural_a body_n of_o christ_n to_o be_v consign_v within_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n 2._o for_o one_o body_n to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o two_o place_n it_o seem_v incredible_a 1._o that_o christ_n shall_v put_v himself_o to_o the_o expense_n of_o so_o superfluous_a a_o miracle_n since_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v give_v we_o the_o very_a same_o grace_n without_o it_o 2._o that_o he_o shall_v humble_v himself_o so_o 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examine_v himself_o &_o so_o let_v he_o eat_v of_o that_o bread_n our_o saviour_n say_v in_o the_o 26._o ch_z of_o s._n math._n 29._o math._n v._o 29._o i_o will_v not_o drink_v henceforth_o of_o this_o fruit_n of_o the_o vine_n both_o of_o they_o speak_v thus_o after_o consecration_n both_o of_o they_o call_v it_o bread_n &_o wine_n and_o therefore_o after_o consecration_n it_o still_o remain_v true_a bread_n &_o wine_n you_o see_v how_o fair_o i_o propose_v the_o difficulty_n and_o now_o i_o humble_o beg_v your_o best_a attention_n to_o the_o answer_n s._n paul_n do_v not_o say_v this_o be_v bread_n
his_o 2._o book_n contra_fw-la adu._n legis_fw-la &_o prophetarum_fw-la he_o say_v that_o with_o faithful_a heart_n &_o mouth_n we_o receive_v the_o mediator_n of_o god_n &_o man_n christ_n jesus_n give_v we_o his_o flesh_n to_o eat_v &_o his_o blood_n to_o drink_v although_o it_o seem_v more_o horrible_a to_o eat_v man_n flesh_n than_o to_o kill_v it_o or_o to_o drink_v man_n blood_n than_o to_o shed_v it_o in_o this_o place_n he_o first_o distinguish_v two_o way_n of_o eat_v oral_a and_o spiritua_n &_o then_o assert_v they_o both_o and_o i_o can_v wish_v they_o will_v take_v a_o little_a notice_n of_o this_o place_n who_o so_o much_o please_v themselves_o with_o popular_a declamation_n against_o the_o pretend_a barbarousness_n of_o this_o mystery_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o 33._o psalm_n he_o make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o admit_v all_o the_o real_a consequence_n of_o this_o mystery_n which_o to_o our_o adversary_n seem_v absurd_a &_o impossible_a as_o for_o example_n that_o 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bread_n &_o wine_n be_v change_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n into_o the_o divine_a substance_n the_o accident_n of_o bread_n &_o wine_n remain_v according_a to_o gelasius_n in_o the_o propriety_n of_o their_o nature_n but_o yet_o the_o bread_n &_o wine_n be_v change_v into_o the_o divine_a substance_n think_v a_o little_a of_o this_o and_o tell_v i_o what_o it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v not_o transubstantiation_n theodoret_n in_o his_o first_o dialogue_n take_v notice_n how_o jacob_n in_o the_o 49._o of_o genesis_n give_v our_o saviour_n blood_n the_o name_n of_o wine_n and_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o gospel_n give_v wine_n the_o name_n of_o his_o blood_n he_o say_v the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a because_o he_o will_v have_v those_o who_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a mystery_n not_o to_o mind_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v but_o by_o the_o change_n of_o name_n believe_v the_o change_n which_o be_v make_v by_o grace_n in_o the_o second_o 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substance_n of_o christ_n they_o say_v no_o body_n eat_v it_o but_o first_o adore_v it_o they_o say_v it_o be_v a_o sin_n not_o to_o adore_v it_o all_o this_o they_o say_v &_o this_o be_v all_o we_o understand_v by_o transubstantiation_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o first_o four_o century_n and_o put_v the_o question_n to_o those_o father_n who_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o flourish_v in_o the_o best_a &_o pure_a time_n of_o christianity_n whether_o the_o inward_a substance_n of_o the_o sacrament_n be_v bread_n &_o wine_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o christ_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o inward_a substance_n of_o the_o sacrament_n be_v real_o the_o body_n or_o flesh_n of_o christ_n it_o follow_v evident_o that_o it_o be_v no_o long_a bread_n and_o
therefore_o i_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o do_v but_o cite_v the_o father_n word_n &_o so_o conclude_v s._n gaudentius_n be_v his_o 2._o tract_n upon_o exodus_fw-la say_v he_o the_o creator_n &_o lord_n of_o nature_n who_o produce_v bread_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n produce_v also_o his_o own_o proper_a body_n out_o of_o bread_n because_o he_o can_v do_v it_o &_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o and_o he_o who_o produce_v wine_n out_o of_o water_n produces_z also_o his_o blood_n out_o of_o wine_n wine_n for_o when_o he_o give_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n &_o wine_n to_o his_o disciple_n he_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n this_o be_v my_o blood._n let_v we_o believe_v he_o who_o we_o have_v believe_v truth_n can_v tell_v a_o lie_n s._n chrysostom_n in_o his_o 83._o homily_n upon_o s._n matthew_n have_v these_o excellent_a word_n let_v we_o every_o where_o believe_v god_n almighty_a nor_o contradict_v he_o although_o what_o he_o say_v seem_v contrary_a to_o our_o reason_n and_o our_o eye_n eye_n his_o word_n can_v deceive_v we_o our_o sense_n be_v easy_o deceive_v that_o never_o err_v this_o often_o be_v mistake_v since_o therefore_o he_o say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n let_v we_o be_v persuade_v of_o it_o &_o believe_v it_o it_o these_o be_v not_o the_o work_n of_o human_a power_n he_o who_o do_v these_o thing_n at_o his_o last_o supper_n he_o it_o be_v who_o now_o perform_v they_o we_o only_o be_v his_o minister_n it_o be_v he_o that_o sanctify_v he_o that_o transmute_v the_o bread_n &_o wine_n into_o his_o body_n &_o blood._n so_o that_o as_o the_o same_o saint_n say_v in_o his_o 25._o homily_n upon_o the_o 1._o to_o the_o corinthian_n that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o chalice_n be_v that_o which_o flow_v from_o his_o side_n &_o that_o we_o be_v partaker_n of_o s._n ambrose_n in_o his_o book_n de_n his_o qui_fw-la mysteriis_fw-la initiantur_fw-la ch_n 9_o perhaps_o you_o will_v say_v say_v he_o i_o see_v quite_o another_o thing_n how_o do_v you_o assure_v i_o that_o i_o receive_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o remain_v for_o we_o to_o prove_v how_o great_a say_v he_o be_v the_o example_n which_o we_o use_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n which_o nature_n form_v but_o the_o thing_n which_o the_o blessing_n have_v consecrate_v and_o that_o the_o blessing_n have_v great_a force_n than_o nature_n because_o by_o the_o blessing_n even_o the_o nature_n itself_o be_v change_v afterward_o he_o instance_n in_o the_o change_n of_o rod_n into_o serpent_n and_o of_o water_n into_o blood_n and_o thus_o pursue_v his_o discourse_n if_o say_v he_o the_o word_n of_o elias_n be_v powerful_a enough_o to_o command_v fire_n down_o from_o heaven_n shall_v not_o the_o word_n of_o christ_n be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o element_n you_o have_v read_v of_o the_o whole_a creation_n he_o say_v &_o they_o be_v make_v he_o command_v &_o they_o be_v create_v the_o word_n therefore_o of_o christ_n which_o can_v make_v out_o of_o nothing_o that_o which_o be_v not_o can_v it_o change_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v into_o what_o they_o be_v not_o s._n gregory_n nyssen_n in_o his_o catechistical_a discourse_n ch_n 37._o profess_v the_o same_o faith_n i_o do_v believe_v say_v he_o that_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o sanctify_a bread_n be_v transmute_v into_o the_o body_n of_o god_n the_o word_n word_n not_o that_o by_o mediation_n of_o nourishment_n it_o become_v the_o body_n of_o the_o word_n but_o that_o immediate_o by_o the_o word_n it_o be_v transmute_v into_o his_o body_n by_o these_o word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n body_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o appear_v be_v transelemented_a that_o be_v transubstantiate_v into_o it_o s._n cyril_n patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o his_o 4._o mystagogick_n catechise_v discourse_n thus_o do_v not_o consider_v it_o as_o mere_a bread_n &_o wine_n for_o now_o it_o be_v the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o christ_n according_a to_o our_o lord_n be_v own_o word_n although_o your_o sense_n suggest_v otherwise_o let_v your_o faith_n confirm_v you_o that_o you_o may_v not_o judge_v the_o thing_n by_o the_o taste_n taste_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o go_v on_o know_v say_v he_o &_o hold_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o bread_n which_o we_o see_v be_v not_o bread_n although_o it_o taste_v like_o bread_n &_o the_o wine_n which_o we_o see_v be_v not_o wine_n although_o it_o taste_v like_o wine_n s._n hierome_n in_o his_o catalogue_n &_o theodoret_n in_o his_o 2._o dialogue_n be_v witness_n that_o s._n cyril_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o work_n and_o now_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o auditory_a whether_o i_o may_v not_o venture_v to_o defy_v any_o catholic_n of_o this_o present_a age_n to_o express_v in_o plain_a term_n our_o faith_n of_o transubstantiation_n transubstantiation_n however_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a you_o will_v say_n if_o this_o be_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o first_o age_n that_o none_o of_o the_o heathen_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o julian_n the_o apostate_n shall_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o this_o if_o we_o believe_v a_o late_a author_n be_v to_o a_o wise_a man_n instead_o of_o a_o thousand_o demonstration_n that_o no_o such_o doctrine_n be_v then_o believe_v believe_v as_o for_o julian_n the_o apostate_n of_o three_o book_n which_o he_o write_v we_o have_v but_o one_o &_o that_o imperfect_a have_v he_o object_v it_o it_o be_v certain_a s._n cyril_n of_o alexandria_n never_o will_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o in_o his_o answer_n so_o cautious_a he_o be_v in_o speak_v even_o of_o baptism_n that_o he_o pass_v it_o over_o in_o these_o term_n i_o shall_v say_v many_o more_o thing_n thing_n if_o i_o do_v not_o fear_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o profane_a for_o common_o they_o laugh_v at_o thing_n they_o can_v understand_v understand_v as_o for_o the_o heathen_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o reflect_v what_o care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o hide_v the_o mystery_n of_o our_o religion_n &_o to_o keep_v our_o book_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o infidel_n this_o privacy_n of_o we_o make_v celsus_n call_v our_o doctrine_n clancular_a and_o origen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n against_o he_o answers_z that_o it_o be_v proper_a not_o only_o to_o christian_a doctrine_n but_o also_o to_o philosophy_n to_o have_v some_o thing_n in_o it_o which_o be_v not_o communicate_v to_o every_o one_o tertullian_n in_o his_o 4._o book_n ad_fw-la vxorem_fw-la ch_n 5_o for_o this_o reason_n will_v not_o allow_v christian_a woman_n to_o marry_v pagan_a husband_n will_v not_o your_o husband_n say_v he_o know_v what_o you_o taste_v in_o secret_n before_o you_o eat_v of_o any_o other_o meat_n and_o s._n basil_n in_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o holy_a ghost_n ch_z 27._o say_v that_o the_o apostle_n &_o father_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o church_n by_o privacy_n &_o silence_n preserve_v the_o dignity_n of_o their_o mystery_n mystery_n but_o because_o my_o author_n think_v this_o demonstration_n worth_a a_o thousand_o i_o be_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o answer_v he_o in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o though_o i_o have_v untie_v the_o knot_n i_o can_v with_o more_o ease_n have_v cut_v it_o for_o since_o it_o be_v plain_a &_o evident_a from_o all_o the_o record_n of_o the_o first_o eight_o century_n that_o transubstantiation_n always_o be_v believe_v it_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o the_o most_o extravagant_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o set_v up_o a_o pretend_a demonstration_n of_o reason_n against_o plain_a experience_n &_o matter_n of_o fact._n this_o be_v just_a like_o zeno_n demonstration_n against_o motion_n when_o diogenes_n walk_v before_o his_o eye_n a_o man_n may_v demonstrate_v till_o his_o head_n &_o heart_n ache_v before_o he_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o which_o certain_o be_v never_o to_o have_v be_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o cope_v with_o so_o tough_a &_o obstinate_a a_o difficulty_n i_o have_v now_o perform_v my_o promise_n i_o have_v in_o three_o sermon_n prove_v 1._o that_o transubstantiation_n be_v neither_o contrary_n to_o sense_n nor_o reason_n 2._o that_o it_o follow_v clear_o from_o the_o plain_a word_n in_o scripture_n 3._o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o perpetual_a faith_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n not_o only_o since_o paschasius_fw-la but_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o christian_a religion_n and_o now_o i_o not_o only_o beg_v of_o you_o but_o earnest_o conjure_v you_o by_o all_o that_o aught_o to_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o you_o by_o all_o your_o desire_n &_o expectation_n of_o eternal_a happiness_n to_o consider_v serious_o &_o leisurely_o three_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o christianity_n 1._o that_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v
he_o like_v well_o enough_o to_o be_v meddle_v with_o state-affair_n &_o the_o senator_n consult_v he_o as_o a_o oracle_n which_o unusual_a honour_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v he_o proud_a &_o factious_a and_o whether_o it_o do_v or_o not_o he_o only_o know_v who_o see_v man_n heart_n however_o all_o this_o put_v together_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v i_o suspect_v he_o pallavicini_n you_o will_v say_v be_v of_o the_o court-party_n deserve_v to_o be_v suspect_v too_o but_o if_o that_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v against_o he_o we_o will_v not_o quarrel_v about_o preliminary_n nor_o loose_a time_n in_o dispute_v what_o grain_n of_o allowance_n be_v due_a to_o each_o of_o they_o upon_o condition_n you_o will_v believe_v your_o friend_n soave_fw-it when_o he_o speak_v well_o of_o the_o council_n i_o be_o content_a to_o believe_v pallavicini_n whensoever_o he_o speak_v ill_a of_o it_o you_o remember_v how_o easy_o when_o i_o see_v you_o last_o you_o agree_v with_o i_o that_o if_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n be_v as_o general_n as_o free_a and_o as_o legal_a in_o all_o its_o circumstance_n as_o the_o first_o four_o council_n be_v you_o must_v needs_o own_v yourself_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o submit_v to_o it_o &_o to_o leave_v of_o protest_v against_o it_o it_o be_v fair_a &_o reasonable_a &_o what_o i_o may_v expect_v from_o a_o son_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n i_o desire_v no_o more_o in_o hand_n but_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v credit_n for_o the_o rest_n i_o may_v have_v tell_v you_o that_o if_o the_o council_n have_v be_v only_o patriarchal_a it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o english_a reformer_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o noncontradiction_n three_o british_a bishop_n sit_v in_o the_o 1._o council_n of_o arles_n &_o s._n athanasius_n in_o his_o 2._o apol._n say_v that_o they_o be_v present_a in_o the_o council_n of_o sardice_n which_o ratify_v the_o pope_n power_n in_o decision_n of_o appeal_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o british_a clergy_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o arles_n &_o sardice_n &_o consequent_o to_o the_o western_a patriarch_n we_o find_v they_o also_o afterward_o in_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n where_o vote_v by_o nation_n the_o english_a be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o in_o condemn_v these_o doctrine_n of_o huss_n &_o wickliff_n that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a vicar_n of_o christ_n &_o that_o the_o chief_a bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v no_o priâ—nacy_n over_o other_o particular_a church_n i_o may_v have_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o your_o own_o dr._n field_n who_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o church_n free_o confess_v that_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n make_v with_o the_o consent_n &_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o the_o other_o western_a bishop_n do_v bind_v the_o western_a province_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o as_o patriarch_n of_o the_o west_n but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o case_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n be_v true_o general_n and_o if_o the_o reformer_n can_v manifest_o prove_v the_o contrary_a they_o remain_v without_o excuse_n the_o objection_n which_o you_o send_v i_o in_o your_o letter_n i_o have_v consider_v at_o leisure_n and_o according_a to_o promise_v have_v send_v you_o here_o my_o answer_n but_o before_o i_o set_v they_o down_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o try_v your_o patience_n with_o some_o few_o remark_n which_o follow_v ch._n gou._n p._n iu._n 1._o a_o general_n council_n require_v either_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o catholic_n patriarch_n or_o their_o legate_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o so_o many_o province_n as_o can_v well_o convene_v or_o their_o delegate_n or_o else_o in_o their_o necessary_a absence_n it_o require_v that_o the_o act_n &_o decree_n be_v approve_v either_o by_o all_o or_o by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o absent_a prelate_n 2._o as_o for_o such_o a_o general_n council_n as_o comprehend_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o catholic_n universe_n there_o never_o be_v yet_o any_o we_o find_v always_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_a to_o divers_a circumstance_n propinquity_n of_o place_n peace_n of_o prince_n numerosity_n of_o sect_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o four_o council_n of_o nice_a constantinople_n ephesus_n &_o chalcedon_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o oriental_a heresy_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o east_n &_o consist_v principal_o of_o oriental_a bishop_n in_o the_o i._o be_v present_v only_o the_o pope_n two_o legate_n &_o three_o western_a bishop_n the_o ii_o have_v not_o western_a bishop_n at_o all_o but_o only_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n &_o his_o council_n the_o iii_o have_v only_o three_o delegate_n send_v by_o the_o pope_n &_o his_o occidental_a council_n they_o transact_v most_o of_o their_o business_n &_o condemn_v nestorius_n without_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o antiochian_a patriarch_n the_o iv_o have_v only_o four_o legate_n send_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n two_o african_a bishop_n &_o one_o sicilian_a they_o act_v without_o dioscorus_n the_o alexandrian_a patriarch_n they_o depose_v he_o for_o favour_v heretic_n &_o for_o his_o contumacy_n against_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n 3._o if_o all_o catholic_n prelate_n or_o the_o much_o great_a part_n be_v personal_o present_a in_o the_o council_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o far_a acceptation_n to_o confirm_v it_o but_o this_o want_v it_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o after-acceptation_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o vote_n and_o so_o many_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v present_a will_v have_v make_v it_o the_o much_o great_a part_n of_o catholic_n prelate_n that_o be_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o before_o shut_v of_o the_o church_n by_o heresy_n or_o schism_n the_o ii_o &_o v._o general_n council_n become_v such_o by_o the_o confirmation_n &_o after_o acceptation_n of_o damasus_n &_o vigilius_n with_o their_o western_a bishop_n and_o it_o be_v a_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o government_n not_o simple_o monarchical_a that_o no_o law_n can_v be_v promulgate_v no_o unity_n preserve_v if_o of_o their_o governor_n the_o lesser_a part_n be_v not_o regulate_v by_o the_o great_a 4._o the_o council_n remain_v general_n notwithstanding_o the_o absence_n of_o some_o considerable_a church_n 1._o if_o they_o can_v convenient_o come_v 2._o if_o they_o refuse_v without_o just_a hindrance_n 3._o if_o they_o be_v former_o cut_v of_o by_o heresy_n or_o schism_n the_o catholic_n church_n be_v narrow_a than_o christianity_n and_o a_o council_n may_v be_v general_n though_o the_o church_n be_v reduce_v to_o one_o patriarchate_n 5._o all_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o voice_n in_o any_o general_n council_n be_v summon_v to_o trent_n the_o eastern_a bishop_n in_o the_o turk_n dominion_n can_v not_o convenient_o come_v there_o be_v war_n betwixt_o christian_n &_o turk_n the_o division_n which_o occasion_v the_o assembly_n arise_v only_o in_o the_o west_n &_o therefore_o there_o be_v less_o need_n of_o their_o presence_n moreover_o six_o greek_a bishop_n sit_v in_o the_o council_n and_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o wittenberg_n divine_v send_v the_o augustan_n confession_n to_o hieremy_n patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n who_o answer_n to_o they_o differ_v very_o little_a from_o the_o decree_n of_o trent_n it_o be_v true_a cyril_n lucar_n 1629._o lucar_n 1629._o publish_v a_o calvinistical_a contession_n but_o his_o immediate_a successor_n cyril_n of_o iberia_n assemble_v at_o constantinople_n a_o synod_n of_o 23._o bishop_n beside_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n &_o jerusalem_n and_o again_o his_o successor_n parthenius_n assemble_v another_o of_o 25._o bishop_n &_o among_o they_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o moscovy_n both_o these_o synod_n anathematise_v lucar_n with_o his_o adherent_n and_o also_o justify_v these_o tenet_n of_o the_o council_n the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n body_n &_o blood_n with_o the_o symbol_n invocation_n of_o saint_n veneration_n of_o sacred_a image_n prayer_n &_o alm_n for_o the_o faithful_a decease_v with_o repentance_n as_o betterable_a in_o their_o present_a condition_n by_o they_o free_a will_n seven_o sacrament_n church_n infallibility_n etc._n etc._n see_v leo_n allatius_n de_fw-fr perpetuo_fw-la consensu_fw-la etc._n etc._n l._n 3._o see_v monsieur_n arnauld_n answer_n to_o claude_n l._n 4_o ch_n 7._o 6._o the_o absence_n of_o the_o protestant_a clergy_n from_o the_o council_n do_v not_o hinder_v its_o be_v general_n 1._o they_o who_o be_v not_o bishop_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sit_v there_o 2._o when_o bishop_n contumacious_o absent_v themselves_o for_o fear_n of_o censure_n their_o presence_n be_v not_o requisite_a otherwise_o farewell_n the_o power_n of_o all_o general_n council_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o place_n due_a to_o they_o who_o doctrine_n have_v be_v anathematise_v in_o former_a general_n council_n veneration_n of_o image_n be_v declare_v lawful_a in_o the_o ii_o of_o