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A80410 Unum necessarium: or, The poore mans case: being an expedient to make provision of all poore people in the Kingdome. Humbly presented to the higher powers : begging some angelicall ordinance, for the speedy abating of the prises of corne, without which, the ruine of many thousands (in humane judgment) is inevitable. In all humility propounding, that the readiest way is a suppression or regulation of innes and ale-houses, where halfe the barley is wasted in excesse : proving them by law to be all in a præmunire, and the grand concernment, that none which have been notoriously disaffected, and enemies to common honesty and civility, should sell any wine, strong ale, or beere, but others to be licensed by a committee in every county, upon recommendation of the minister, and such of the inhabitants in every parish, where need requires, that have been faithfull to the publike. Wherein there is a hue-and-cry against drunkards, as the most dangerous antinomians : and against ingrossers, to make a dearth, and cruell misers, which are the caterpillars and bane of this kingdome. / By John Cooke, of Graies Inne, barrester. Cook, John, d. 1660. 1648 (1648) Wing C6027; Thomason E425_1; ESTC R204550 75,106 79

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either the poore mans wages must be raised or the price of Corn abated or this poore man must make bold with them ●ha● have it or he must be famisht in probability for mens hearts are as hard as the nether milstone beleeve it this argument is made of brasse and cannot easily be batter'd the best peace settlement which we have so long prayed for and can be imagined will not make us happy if there be a famine of bread all the Malignant blood is not as yet drawn out of this Kingdome there are those that are negotiating to ingage us in a Second and more bloody and destructive Warre and where bread is wanting Mens humors are so corrupt that the least scratch may turne into a Gangraen the least sparke into a great flame the poore wil rise upon small occasions if they want bread which must unavoidably follow for ought I can see to the contrary unles Alehouses be supprest and Innes and Victualing houses regulated and the Statutes for selling a quart 1. d. executed withall vigilance and severity We have been beholding to our Neighbours for Dans Rye which hath something kept downe the prices of Corne by furnishing Sea Townes and London which makes them I feare not so sensible of the poore Countries In many places great Farmers have scarce their seed againe and now that the wayes have been faire Husbandmen have little to doe and Rents must be paid some Corn is brought to the Market the poor by help of their gleanings have not been much hunger bitten This first quarter but the rich Farmers that thresh but little the corn being well inned they expect better Markets and if they resolve to sell barley for 10. s a bushell they know the Maulster will buy it and the Aleman may well afford to give 12 s. a bushell for Mault if he may sell his Ale for a groat a quart as they begin to do but what shall ●he poore man do in this Case that has his Wife and 5. or 6. small Children that gets but 3. s a week at the most and some weekes not 12 d he must beg steale or starve a great strait something like Davids case for stealing brings the sword of Justice and begging does but prolong the Malady the last deere Yeere barley was not above 6. s. a Bushell and yet many were famished in severall places and dyed for want of bread yet Flesh and other Provisions were cheaper then now they are what will become of poore Prisoners who must Inevitably be starved to death for three halfe pence will not buy a pound of bread But I meet with two Rubbs 1. what saies one will you work a miracle to feed many with a little Corn if God send scarcity who can help it if there be not barley enough the poor must pinch I Agree that there is generally less Corn this yeere then the last but were it not for the hardnesse of some mens hearts and the riotous excesse and Intemperance of others we need not much fear a Dearth t is a fond observation that a famine followes the Sword Unles the Husbandman cannot Labour and be disabled by the war for when God gives victory to the truth as blessed be his Name he hath done * If we be true to our first Principles and do not destroy our selves it is a sign of his love and he will accompany it with plenty if the faithfull Magistrate do not neglect his duty I am confident Englands glorious dayes are approaching for peace and plenty the next yeere is likely to be fruit full Quick and cheape justice will make this Kingdome happy But without all question there is barley enough for all the poor in the Kingdome at reasonable rates if it be not converted into mault it were better there should not be one drop of strong beere or ale brewed in the Kingdome this yeare then that the poore should perish for want of bread but neither is there any such necessity men of estates may keepe good beere for there own Families and when Alehouses are supprest in little villages what a great matter is it if the Lord of the Town or the rich men would bee pleased to bestow a quart or two of Strong Beere or Ale upon a poore Neighbour that is sick or weake many Honourable Gentlemen and rich men have begun a very Laudable custome in their Families to make but one set meale a day and some cursorie Collation at night if need require which in a great family saves much expence but possibly the poore may suffer in point of broken meat if this Fashion was taken up out of a covetous and pennurious desire to save Charges as some conceive that not setting beere upon the table proceeded from covetousnesse to save drink Strangers being loath to trouble the Servitors notice being taken what every man drinks then it is unworthy the name of a Gentile custome possibly it began and proceeded partly for healthes sake and partly by the straightnesse of the times occasioned by taxes and non payment of Rents for one fruit of this War will be I hope to teach men good Husbandry and frugality at their owne Tables that they may the better remember them for whom nothing is provided and if that which is saved by sparing suppers were given to the poore how many prayers would the rich man have as the Spanish beggar sayes give me an almes for your owne sake God will repay you in Paradise the corn is not the grounds but the sowers the poor are the best Debtors what is given to them for Gods sake shall surely be repayed I professe I cannot tell how to Judge him a Christian that is not a mercifull man he that ha's found mercy from Heaven to this poore soule cannot but be a good Samaritan But if there be no strong beere or Ale to be sold in common Alehouses what shall poore men doe that are not able to brew it for themselves will you turne our English sack and our Native wine into Water our strong beere which breeds good bloud into small beere that affords little nourishment and Hop it so that if it hop one foot further It will hop into the Water does not good Liquor cherish the vitall Spirits and prove a restorative to weake mankind especially such as are oppressed with hard labour all the day to send for a quart of Ale and a white loafe at night how merry are they with it as Vitellius with all his Dainties God forbid that we should deny or diminish the vertue of any of Gods good Creatures but rather admire so great a mercy that the same Corn should make good bread and such wholsome Liquor for so ungratefull a people that have abused his good creatures by bestiality and excesse and far be it that sober men should be deprived of comfortable refreshment of those good Creatures which some have prodigally wasted in drunknes and excesse good Liquor is no more to be
unthankfulnesse and after for hunger to teare him in pieces the Ape to shew that he that would imbrew his hands in his Fathers bloud had nothing of man in him but a humane figure like an Ape the Cocke that he might never sleep but be perpetually vexed and the Cock is an enemy to the Viper and that Saylors hearing the Cock might know the man the Viper a thing fearefull to men and obnoxious to the same offence coming to light by the Parents death what gre●ter ingratitude can there be that poore people should take all the pains to plough the ground and bring in the harvest and then miserable Hucksters should suffer them to be famished for want of bread a few Ingrossers may undo a whole Towne or Countrey but may not I doe with my owne what I list sayes the old Cormudgin No that thou maist not thou Devill in the the shape of a man a man may not be drunke with his own wine nor play the Glutton at his own table but it is none of thine thou art a Lyar thou miserable wretch truly miserable in soule and bodie thou hast no money the money hath thee it is none of thine it is the poore mans bread which thou lockest up in thy barnes when thou takest six shillings for a Bushell of Barley from him which thou maist well afford for three shillings thou squeezest too much bloud out of his veines and God will call thee to an account for it however the law of man may be defective if thou escape punishment here thy reservation is but a preservation to a greater miserie how many Ingrossers have had their Barns burnt and Corn consumed that would not sell at reasonable rates we have good bookes printed of Gods judgements against swearers and drunkards and Gods revenge against Murders I wish some able man would take the pains to make a collection of Gods revenge against Ingrossers and Usurers of Corn and covetous cruell men of all sorts who deserve to be kicked out of all honest mens companies for God abhorres them as being most contrary to his diffusive nature But what Law is there to punish such men all the reason in the world for it for the health of a sick man is the Physitians supreme Law Law must give place to necessity if there be such an inundation of waters that a man cannot passe in the ordinary road a man may justifie to go through the next Lands for the division of Lands was made with this condition reserving a liberty for everie man to passe in such a case of necessity and so every man must have a way through his neighbours ground to goe to his own Land for by the grant of the ground all things are granted to make it profitable and when the Magistrate inforces men to sell their Corne at reasonable rates Non est involuntaria venditio sed accommodatio proximi so as the poore may live by the rich this is not in judgement of Law an unvoluntary and inforced sale but an accommodation of ones neighbour in charity naturall equity and humanity according to the condition of the fields and nature of the place and society of men with whom we live Valde bonum à commodum Gen. 1.31 And God saw every thing that he made and it was very good the Caldeans read very profitable for man At Naples the great treasurer of corn being intrusted with many thousand quarters at 3. s. the bushell for the common-good finding an opportunity to sell it for 5. shillings the Bushell to forraigne Merchants inriched himselfe exceedingly thereby and Corne growing suddenly deare the Counsell called him to account for it who proffered to allow 3. shillings for it as it was delivered into his custody and hoped thereby to escape but for so great a breach of trust nothing would content the people but to have him hanged and though there was no positive Law for it to make it Treason yet it was resolved by the best Politicians that it was Treason to breake so great a trust by the fundamentall Constitution of the Kingdome which by all intrinsicall Rules of Government ought to preserve it selfe and that for so great an offence he ought to die that durst presume to inrich himselfe by that which might indanger the lives of so many Citizens for as society is naturall so Governours must of necessity and in all reason provide for the preservation and sustenance of the meanest member he that is but as the little toe of the Bodie Politique To speake a word how farre the Magistrate is to regulate and give a Law to the prizes of Commodities for the publike good I agree with Aristotle and all the Roman Authours against that erroneous opinion of Plato that Property and Divisions of Lands and Goods is by the Law of God and nature yet so as one man is not to feast and another be famish'd Contracts are by a naturall Law and right of all Nations yet so as Gods divine Law is the efficient cause of Contracts amongst men for we are bound to sell to one another by Gods Law else mankind could not continue for all things are made and created for mans sake as that Propheticall Psalmist David saies Omnia subjecisti sub pedibus ejus thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet the materiall cause of contracts are all things necessary for mans sustentation for if there were no meanes to buy those things we want or to exchange other things for them as formerly men when there was a little money exchanged Corne for Cattell we should teare and destroy one another like brute beasts Now the formall cause is the form and manner of buying and selling for money or by way of exchange if the owner will not sell then he may lend or pledge or hire the use of it as he pleaseth and the finall cause of every contract is that we may use and enjoy Gods good creatures honestly and profitably that one man be not grievous to another that so a commutative equality may keep the peace and peace may make the Kingdome happie wherein we are all as in the same ship therefore all Contracts must benefit our neighbours every wise man looks at the end when I sell a Bushell of Corne the Law saies I do thereby do good to my neighbour yet so as that he wants my Corne so I stand in need of his money which is a lesse principall end and consideration in the eye of Law for money is but artificiall a thing that is turned Trump by policy not by any naturall inherent vertue that there is in it in comparison of living creatures or the naturall fruits of the earth created for mans sustenance therefore I may take a moderate gaine for my Corn but not excessive let no man weakly object that for the Magistrate to set a price upon Corne or Cattell is against the Freedome and Liberty of the Subject as if the harmony of