Selected quad for the lemma: blood_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
blood_n	artery_n	part_n	vein_n	8,672	5	9.7833	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62018	Ephemeri vita, or, The natural history and anatomy of the Ephemeron, a fly that lives but five hours written originally in Low-Dutch by Jo. Swammerdam ...; Ephemeri vita. English	Swammerdam, Jan, 1637-1680.; Tyson, Edward, 1650-1708.	1681 (1681)	Wing S6233; ESTC R3239	37,691	72

and there fixed with a very fine Needle you will find immediately issue out of the wound in the Skin a thin watery moisture which is the true bloud of this Worm however it appeareth not of a Red colour as in Earth-worms in which as in Four-footed Animals it is Red. To open the Skin there is nothing more fit than a very sharp and fine small Scissers for that the Lancets although never so sharp are not in this work useful for they alwayes tear up some of the parts and strain them asunder especially when they are of unequal hardnesses When with a sharp fine Lancet or the point of a sharp grounded Needle you leisurely and with patience separate the upper Skin from the under parts then appeareth immediately the under Skin very thin and filmy which raised with discretion the Muscles of the Belly appear and not only those Muscles which extend in a straight line from one Ring of the Body to the other but also those which are placed oblique and transverse and others also which serve to the motion of the Gills the second Film appeareth also like threads and seemeth to be fast joyned with the forementioned Muscles Next the Muscles appeareth and is fast joyned to them a very fine and thin Film which I judge to be the Peritonaeum above and under the same appeareth the Fat which is composed of small and very thin White bladders which contain in them the true Fat in the form of a liquid Oil when these bladders are viewed without a Microscope it would easily be judged they were the Fat it self whereas they are but as the thin and extreme tender Vesicles thereof which contain that liquid Fat Like as it is also in man and all other beasts as will appear when these Fat-containing Vesicles which are of a like proportionate magnitude shall be view'd by a Microscope The younger the beasts are the better this Fat appeareth for then it is spread here and there on the Films and not so close placed up together as in beasts of more Age. Next appeareth the Stomach with the Guts thereon depending viz. the Throat-gut or Gula otherwise the upper Gut of the Stomach which shooteth forward in the form of a thin thread from the Mouth or Cheeks through the back and breast and constituteth the upper part of the Stomach Where this small Gut is joyned with the Stomach it appeareth commonly straitned which also appeareth in the lower part of the Stomach otherwise the nether mouth of the same The Stomach notwithstanding it is composed of several parts yet seemeth to be constituted of a thin and very tender Film inwardly beset with rimples or very neat pleats outwardly it appeareth wholly smooth and extended especially being filled with food or blown full of Air with a fine Glass pipe Veins and Arteries there appear none for the watery colour of the bloud hindreth the discerning of those parts and for which cause these Insects are named Exanguious or without bloud Notwithstanding the Stomach appeareth supplied with many small Veins which seem to be bloud-vessels yet being viewed with a Microscope they clearly appear to be branches of the Lung-vessels which communicate their Branches not only to the Stomach but to all the outward and inward parts of the body so that the very Bones and Nails are furnished therewith The Guts adjoyned to the Stomach appear both in form and constitution threefold as the inward bended or thin Gut The thick or pleated Gut and the straight or terminating Gut within the thin Gut somewhat low backwards appear some Pleats like half circles in the same manner as the Valves in the thin Guts of men where they are named by Anatomists Annular or Conniventes Somewhat lower where it formeth the E thick Gut appear somewhat long strokes which are very neat and lively like so many long and extended Musculous threads in the hollow thereof which agrees somewhat with the Boeck which in four-footed Creatures is a part of the Paunch next followeth the F straight Gut which appeareth very neatly pleated till it extendeth as it were out of the body with an indifferent opening at that end by which the Excrements are sent forth The Stomach is placed between the 4 th and 5 th Ring of the body where with the thin Gut it takes up all the remaining part of the Belly as the 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 th Rings whereas the three last of the body as the 12 13 and 14 th contain the thick and straight Gut Like as the Stomach is furnished with a great number of Air-vessels so also are the Guts and especially the straight Gut and that chiefly in that part where it is furnished with two Muscles for pressing out its Excrements And because the Worm is fed with Clay the Stomach and Guts commonly appear filled therewith This Clay doth almost always appear through the Stomach the Guts and also through the whole body but it is most visible through the back by which transparency of the Worms body it hapneth that the Worm at different times appeareth of different colours according to the colour of the Clay it feedeth on viz. Paler Greener or Wanner or more or less digested or changed in the Guts When the time approacheth that the Worm is to Change into a Flie then appeareth no Clay at all in the Guts the same also hapneth in Wood-worms the Worms of Bees Silk-worms and several other Insects which at the time of their Change become as clear and transparent as Crystal and some other Insects are thus transparent during their whole life so that their Veins and Intestines with the motions of the same within their body can be clearly discerned Among the inward parts of the Ephemeron are very considerable the Lung-pipe the Air-pipe or Wind-pipe as the same part is named in Birds Beasts and Man this Air-pipe or vessel is not constituted of one single trunk as in the forementioned Beasts and Man but of two chief Trunks which are placed on each side of the body curving Snake-like and that not only in the Breast as in our bodies but also in the Head the Belly the Legs and the Wings so that the Stomach and the Guts together with the Muscles and Sinews are as it were fed with Air which truly is very wonderful for that the Reason for which it is so formed is to us wholly incomprehensible and teacheth us that God in the incomprehensibleness of his works is to be adored The Fabrick of the Lung-vessels in this Insect as in all other Insects I am acquainted with is constituted of innumerable stiff and curled-like parts which in the form of knotted Rings are joyned together and so close united by means of very thin films drawn over them that they very fitly contain the Air in them and send it to all the parts of the body backwards and forwards When the Worm sheddeth

from the Wings without hurting them as in Tab. 3. hhh is represented where the Wing is represented at large with its natural but rare pleatings A further sign thereof is when Dissecting the Worm the Eggs are found to be full grown hard and Oval and also when the outward case may be clearly separated from the Worm and thereby cause it to attain the form of the flying Haft or Ephemeron At this time all their Intestines are cleared of all faeces the Stomach and Guts containing nothing but transparent and purified liquor which the further from Change they are the more Clouded and Coloured they are found their Colour being sometimes Yellowish and sometimes dark and Russet at other times there is found backward in the thick and straight Gut a little Clay whereas being now ready for Change they are very clear and transparent That which retardeth the Change of the Worm killeth it and hindreth its Change is a hard and long Winter much Snow and Rain whereby their Cells are closed broke or covered with Sand whereby they come forth both fewer in number and later in the one year than the other They are also hindred by too much drought which forceth them to leave their Cells and bore new ones from all which may be discerned what hindereth or furthereth the Worms growth Many water and other Insects are found to be infested with Li●e which extendeth so far that even no Creature living either on Land or Water that hath not its peculiar Louse which feedeth on its bloud and moisture even from the great Whale to the small Ant. From what hath been now related of the Signs of the full growth of the Worms Wings it clearly appeareth to which of the Four Orders of Natural Change or slow growing on of the Limbs it pertaineth viz. to the Second Order for all the Insects thereunto belonging change in the same manner like our Worm Which Second order of Change is That the Worm of the Ephemeron having quitted its Egg or Shell comes forth a Six-footed Worm and by nourishment received increaseth in all its Limbs to a full growth so that now on its back appear the Wings budded out until it be grown ito a Nympha which loseth not its motion and afterwards attaineth the shape of a Flying Creature by the shedding of its upper Skin or Coat whereby it now becometh fit for Generation As of this and other like Changes I have treated more at large in my Treatise of Insects where I have enumerated a great number belonging to this second Order Angerius Clutius supposeth that our Worm Changeth into a Nympha of the Third Order and then like the Nympha of the Silk-worm it loseth all motion which he also representeth in Figure although in truth it is otherwise from whence may appear how easily they may be mistaken who declining the Truth of Experience only depend on their own Reasonings or the Affirmations of others CHAP. VIII In how wonderful a manner the Worm Changeth into the Haft or Ephemeron THE time of the Worms Change being come and their Wings in their Cases having attained their full stiffness and Colour and that the Worm is forced as it were naturally to a Change all the Worms thus fitted and prepared leave their Cells betaking themselves to the water and out of the water to flight which commonly hapneth in the Evening between the hours of Six and Seven as I have observed it in the year 1671. the 13 th of Iune Those other Worms that have not attained that maturity and growth remain yet in their Cells but those that have quitted their Cells and betaken themselves to the water make all the speed possible to attain the Surface of the water which the one attaineth sooner than the other and then each Worm immediately changeth into a Winged Creature which Change or shedding its Skin is so sudden that by the strictest observation it would be judged that they flew through the water as they are All the Insects that I hitherto am acquainted with have a certain time by the God of Nature allowed them to stretch out their Wings and to dry them before they betake themselves to flight and notwithstanding the conceived King of Bees like our Worm suddenly leaveth his Cell yet not before he hath for some time in his Cell spread out his wings and dryed them But on the contrary our Haft or Ephemeron is almost in the same Minute a Worm and a Fly for where you cast your Eye on the Surface of the water and perceive the water to bubble you see them as it were flying out of the same When in a Boat you lye cross the stream you may best perceive the bubling of the water and the rise of the Worm changed into a Flie out of the water but how swift soever the hand is in Catching the Worm yet swimming in the water yet can it not bring it unfledg'd to sight but if you bruise it a little about the Breast you may bring it unfledg'd out of the water which practice is wholly necessary if you desire to view it unfledg'd and in its Skin But how this sudden expansion of the Wings can be effected is strange to consider for that they have neither Muscles nor Joints in the midst being only neatly foulded and pleated together in their cases and which in a very short time must shed another Film but how 't is is difficult to answer for my Conceptions were that these Wings ought to have been furnished in their middle part with Muscles and Joints as we find in other Insects by which means they very neatly fold up their Wings in a small room and by means thereof also expand them again as is chiefly observable in the Ear-worm or Forfica which hide very large Wings under a small Shell or Case as if they had none at all and like as the Ear-worm by means of Muscles and Joints placed in the midst of its Wings can fold them in a small compass in manner like the wings in our Worm and suddenly expand them again I conceive the same need of like Muscles and Joints in the wings of our Worm but it hath otherwise pleased the great Creator who is various and wonderful in all his works and not to be tyed to the same means in effecting the same thing in the one as in the other But yet to say something of my own observation in relation to the swift expansion of its Wings I conceive that the water pressing on all sides and being warmer on its Surface than in the body thereof may much assist to this expansion by reason that the bloud at that time moving from the heart to the wings to aid or effect that expansion by the warmth may receive a more vigorous motion as for instance when one hath a Vein opened in his foot and holding the same in warm water by the warmth of the water his bloud becometh more briskly moved and runs