of Elements mixt together no more of hot then moist no more of cold then dry This Galen believes to be rather imaginary then real or if at any time it happen to be yet that it lasts but a very short time D. What call ye Temper'd to Justice in several kinds C. That which does not contain an exact evenness of Contraries but such a decent Mediocrity as its Nature requires and best agrees with the Genus or Species So that the equality of the Mixture is not to be measur'd by Arithmetical but Geometrical Proportion For Justice gives to every thing its due according to Dignity D. What are the simple Temperaments without Temper C. Such Temperatures wherein one of the four Qualities exceeds as either Heat Cold Moisture or Drought D. Which are the Compounded C. In which there is an Excess of two Qualities as a Temperature hot and moist in which the Heat exceeds the Cold and Moisture Driness Cold and dry which has more of Cold then Heat and more of dry then moist D. Thou hast in vain distinguish'd the Temperaments into Simple and Compound when there is no simple Temperaments but all are compounded C. That I deny D. I prove it thus A Simple Temperament is that wherein one only Element prevails as Hot in whose Temperament Fire prevails Cold in which Fire overcomes But every Element has two Qualities for Fire is hot and dry Water cold and moist Therefore there is no simple Temperament C. That is call'd a Simple Temperament wherein one Quality prevails not one Element D. Against thy Answer I thus argue Seeing that Quality is an Accident it cannot subsist by it self without a Subject And therefore if any Quality of an Esement prove superior of necessity he Element to which it belongs must tprevail C. Altho every Element have two Qualities there is but one which is predominant from which the Temperament derives its name But therefore is it call'd a Temperament hot or cold because the Heat prevails over the contrary Cold or the Cold over the contrary Heat with an equality of moist and dry And it it call'd a moist and dry Temper because the moist is more powerful then the dry or the dry then the moist with an Equality of hot and cold Of the Parts D. Thus much for the Elements and Temperaments now let us come to the Parts What is a Part C. The Word Part in a large sense signifies whatever makes up the whole frame of Human Body for whatever compleats and perfects the whole is call'd a Part as Galen testifies In this large and extended signification Hippocrates uses the Word when he calls the Humors and Spirits Parts But by Fernelius a Part is properly described to be a Body cohering to the whole conjoyn'd by Life common to both and provided for such a Use or Function By which Definition Humors and Spirits are excluded out of the number of Parts because they never stay or cohere but are carry'd with a swift motion through the Veins and Arteries D. What is the Division of Parts C. The Division of Parts is manifold but the chief Division is into such as contain and such as are contained D. Which are the containing parts C. The solid parts which are upheld by themselves D. How are they divided C. Into Similar and Dissimilar D. What are Similar Parts C. Similar Parts so call'd as being of the same Nature are such as consist of one equal Substance every way like to its self in which as being smallest to the Sence the Dissolution of the Body consists for which reason they are sometimes call'd Simple and Primary and sometimes sensible Elements as appearing most simple to the Senses D. How are Similar Parts divided C. Into Spermatic and Sanguine D. What are the Spermatick Parts C. Such as consist of Seed D. How many are the Similar Spermatic Parts C. Nine Bones Muscles Ligaments Fibres Membranes Nerves Veins Arteries and Skin D. But I say Nerves Veins Arteries and Skin are Dissimilar Parts for Galen Hippoc. and Plat. Of the Vse of the Parts assert that the Nerves are Marrowy within Membrany without that the body of the Veins and Nerves are interwoven with Membranes and several Fibres and that the Skin consists of Nerves Veins and Arteries and therefore they ought not to be numbred among the similar Parts C. I answer There are two sorts of Similar Parts for some are really Similars as Bones Muscles Ligaments Fibres Membranes other only in the judgment of Sence and so Nerves Veins Arteries and Skin shall be Similar Parts because upon the first view their substance seems to be of the same kind D. Which are the Sanguinary Parts C. Which have their Original from the Blood as Flesh and Fat D. Which are the Dissimilar Parts C. The Dissimilar Parts are such as are not compos'd of parts of the same Nature but of several differing in Species They are otherwise call'd Organic as being the Instruments of which the Faculties and Functions of the Mind make use D. How are the Organic Parts divided C. Into Animal Vital and Natural and every one of these into Principal and Assistant D. What d' you call the Animal Vital and Natural Parts C. The Instruments of the Animal Vital and Natural Functions D. What d' ye call the Principal part C. That part which governs the rest D. Which are the Assisting parts C. Those which are subservient to the Principal and derive their Original from it for the most part D. Which is the principal Organ of the Animal Function C. The Brain for it is the common Original of all the Animal Functions as well sensitive as moving the Seat of the Animal Spirit and the beginning of the Nerves D. How many are the Organs assisting the Brain in the exercise of the Animal Function C. Twofold for some conveigh the Animal Faculty to sense and motion others operate of which sort are all the proper Organs of every Sense exterior and voluntary motion D. Which are the Organs that conveigh the Faculty of sense and motion C. The sensitive and moving Nerves D. Which are the proper Organs of every Sense C. The Eyes of seeing the Ears of hearing the Nose of smelling the Tongue of taste and the Skin of feeling D. which are the proper Organs of voluntary motion C. The Muscles D. Which is the principal Organ of the Vital Functions C. The Heart for it is the fountain of Vital Faculty and Spirit the principal Seat of native Heat and the Original of the Arteries D. Which are the Organs subservient to the Heart C. They are twofold the Organs of Respiration and of the Pulses D. Which are the Organs of Respiration C. They are of three sorts some for conveighance others for reception others for motion The Organs that conveigh the Air the Wind-pipe and rough Artery The Lungs receive the Air down in and prepare it for the Heart The moving Organs are sixty five Muscles dilating and contracting the
living Creatures are subjected to the Empire of the Soul and brought under its government and power Moreover by means of them the corporeal substance coheres with the incorporeal whereby it comes to pass that they are as it were the Bands that tie both Soul and Body together D. What is a Spirit C. A Spirit is an Airy thin transparent Substance the seat of natural Heat the Vehicle of the Faculties and the first Instrument that sets the Functions at work D. How many sorts of Spirits are there C. Two the one innate and the other infus'd D. What is the innate C. That which was ingrafted into the several Similar Parts by the first Beginnings of Generation the foundation of which is the Radical Moisture D. Which is the infus'd C. That which flows in from elsewhere and cherishes and preserves the innate every where conveighing Faculty and Heat to enable the Functions in their several Duties D. Of how many sorts is it C. Threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Spirit C. A Spirit begat in the Ventricles of the Brain of Vital Spirit and inspir'd Air whence being distributed through the moving and sensitive Nerves it renders all the Parts of the Body capable of Sence and Motion D. What is the Vital Spirit C. That which is bred in the left part of the Heart of the natural Spirit and the Air suckt in by the Lungs whence it is convey'd through the Arteries to every part to cherish the inbred Spirit corroborate the natural Heat and restore strength D. What is the Natural Heat C. That which proceeding from the Liver is diffus'd together with the Bloud through all the Veins the Cause of Generation Nourishment and Growth Of the Faculties D. Thus far we have discours'd of the Parts both Solid and Fluid of Human Bodies let us say something concerning the Faculties and Functions of the Soul Give me then the Definition of a Soul C. A Soul is the form of a Living Body By Aristotle it is defin'd the Entelechy of a Natural Organic Body potentially having Life D. What is meant by Entelechia C. Some interpret the Word to be the gaining of Perfection others the Act of Perfection but the latter Interpretation does not please me for the Soul is not an Act but the Efficient Cause of the Act. And thus Life is the Act of the Soul not the Soul it self D. Seeing then we are come to the consideration of Man I would have thee explain what the Soul of Man is C. It is that which gives him Vegetal Sensual and Intellectual Life By Aristotle it is defin'd to be the Beginning of Living Perceiving and Understanding By others the first Cause of all the Functions of our Body for the performance of which it is endued with a manifold Ability or Faculty D. What is Faculty C. It is the inbred power of the Soul of which she makes use for the producing of Actions By Galen it is defin'd The Efficient Cause of Actions and is therefore a Faculty because whatever it does it is able to do so that under the Word Faculty is comprehended that which has a Power to act D. Why does Galen refer the Cause of Action to Temperament C. Because Temperament is the Cause why the Soul performs her Actions without which she could not Therefore sayes Galen in his Book of Conjecturing by the Pulses The Soul is seated in the commodious Temperament of the several Parts for that then every Part performs with vigor its proper Office when in best Temper On the other side it acts amiss and feebly when it is out of Temper D. Then the Soul it seems flows from Temperament unless you take the Soul to be Temperament it self C. I do not believe the Soul to be Temperament because the Soul is a Substance but Temperament is only an Accident But I believe that Faculty flows from both from the Soul as from the Essential Form which is the first and chief Cause of all those Actions which we daily perform from Temperament as from the accidental form which is the assisting Cause without whose aid Souls cannot produce Actions D. How many sorts of Faculties are there C. The Essence of the Soul is purely uncompounded because there is but one form of one Body but Faculty by the Physicians is said to be threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. Nature the Architectress of the Body when she first begins to raise the Frame bequeaths several Faculties to the single Parts for the preservation of the whole therefore there are as many Faculties of the Soul as Parts of the Body C. The Parts of the Body are endued every one with their proper Faculties on purpose to serve the whole with so many Actions which it cannot want so that the number of Faculties and Organic Parts must be equal But as the Parts so the Faculties are contain'd under three Principal Kinds Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Faculty C. It is that which is only enjoy'd by Animals from whence it derives its Name D. Of how many sorts is the Animal Faculty C. The Animal Faculty is threefold Principal perceiving and moving D. Which is the Principal Faculty C. That which resides only in the Brain and in no other of the Organs D. Of how many sorts is it C. By Galen it it is said to be threefold Imagination Ratiocination and Memory But the first and last are referred only to the interior Sense by those to whom the Understanding only proper to Man seems worthy the name of Principal D. What is Imagination C. It is that which receives and apprehends the Images and Idea's of things objected to it and accepted by the Senses out of which being for the most part mixt and confus'd it produces and forms many things which before fell not under the power of the senses D. What is Ratiocination C. The Mind is that with which Man endu'd excels all other Creatures by whose assistance it understands and knows things incorporeal and forms abstracted from all Matter drawing universal Notions of things sometimes out of one sometimes out of another D. What is Memory C. It is that which stores and lays up within it self the forms and Images of Things represented by the Phansie and recall'd to the judgment of Reason D. Where are the Principal Faculties of the Soul lodg'd C. The Arabians lodge the Imagination in the foremost Ventricles of the Brain Reason in the middle and Memory in the hindermost but the Grecks deny them to be confin'd to places affirming them to be diffus'd through all the corners and over all the substance of the Brain D. What think you of this Controversie C. I do not like the Opinion of the Arabians though grounded upon probable Arguments Avicen and Averroes endeavour to demonstrate that the Faculties have their distinct Seats from hence because that one of them sometimes is deprav'd without any hurt to the other concluding thence the improbability
the universal Excrements as Urine and Ordure For they certainly foretel whether the Crisis will be sooner or later and what day Judgment will be made of the Disease for if the Urine appear concocted upon the fourth day as if it have a white settlement smooth and equal it shews the Crisis will be upon the seventh D. What more do the signs of Concoction and Crudity declare C. As the signs of Crudity sometimes portend not only diuturnity of the Disease but Death so the signs of Concoction promise not only a short stay of the Disease but also security D. Is that perpetual C. Yes so that the concoction be continual and constant for that is the best Urine saies Hippocrates when both the Urine and the Sediment is white smooth and equal during the whole time until Judgment be given of the Disease But if there be an Intermission that it be sometimes pure and sometimes crude with a white and smooth Settlement now and then it argues longer continuance and less safety for continuance of Concoction argues strength of Nature and predominancy of the Natural Heat But if the Concoction be interrupted and that signs of Concoction appear in the Morning but none in the Evening and that the Water be sometime crude sometime concocted no security of a Crisis can be expected from such a concoction for that the Disease and Nature are upon equal terms and the Victory remains doubtful Nature begins the concoction but cannot perfect it through Imbecility or else the Malignity of the severe Humor that it will not admit of concoction D. Are there no other signs that indicate the Time and Day of the Crisis C. Besides the signs of Coction and Crudity the Motion also of the Disease is to be observed to tell the time and day of the Crisis For such Diseases as move with violence and swiftness are soonest judged of those that are extreamly peracute in the first fourth day peracute the first seventh day simply acute the fourteenth day acute by mutation from species to species may be put off till the fortieth day The motion also of the Disease declares whether the Crisis will happen upon an even or odd day For when a Crisis is only made when Diseases are in their vigor and exasperation never in the beginning nor in the declination if the exasperation of the Disease happen upon an even day the Crisis may be expected upon an even day and so on the contrary D. What are the signs of a Crisis at hand C. The signs that usually next precede a Crisis are a vehement pain in the Head tumbling and tossing anxiety unquenchable thirst an unequal Pulse and the like For as Hippocrates says The Night becomes very tedious to them upon whom the Crisis is made before the Fit D. How many sorts are there of a Crisis C. Two Excretion or Removal For the Translation of every Humor from one part to another is made either by flowing forth or by removal D. Which are the Differences of Excretion C. Bleeding at Nose Sweating Loosness Vomit and Streaming sorth of the Urine D. How many are the signs of a Crisis by Excretion or Removal and Setling C. Two for some are universal others proper to every species D. Whence are the universal gathered C. From the motion of the Disease the part affected and the Age of the Patient D. What is the motion of the Disease C. Acute Diseases are judg'd by evacuation or excretion Diuturnal by removal and settlement for the nature of Acute Diseases consists in quick and vehement that of Diuturnal Diseases in a slow motion D. But Diuturnal Diseases are often judg'd by evacuation so Nicodemus was judg'd the 24th day by Urine Anaxion the 34th by Sweat and Cleonaectides was perfectly judg'd the 80th day C. I answer Chronic Diseases are sometimes cur'd by excretion in respect of the acute exasperations that happen D. What Judgments are to be made from the affected Party C. If the convex parts of the Liver be inflam'd a Crisis may be expected either by bleeding at the right Nostril or by sweat or by stream of Urine but if the hollow parts be affected the Disease will be determin'd either by Looseness or by Vomits Inflammations of the Head are judg'd by the Blood bursting forth at the Nostrils for there the extremities of the Vessels end but Vomiting and Looseness cure the Inflammations of the Mesentery and Stomach D. What Conjectures may be made from the Age of the Patient C. Bleeding at Nose most commonly happens to young men in burning Feavers to old men in the same Distemper Loosenesses Galen gives this reason because the Humors in young men are full of Choler thin and sharp and therefore flowing upward in old men Flegmatic and therefore flowing downward D. These are the universal Signs of a future Crisis now for the Signs proper to every Species And first what are the signs of a critical Bleeding presently expected C. If in an acute Feaver you observe a redness all over the Patients face a vehement pain in the Head and Neck a high Pulse in the Arteries of the Temples a dimness of Sight and dilatation of the Hypochondriums with difficulty of Breath you may expect a flux of Blood at the Nose D. Give me the reason of every sign C. When the Flux of Blood is near at hand the Face grows red the Blood being translated from the lower to the upper parts and preparing to make its way through the Nostrils The pain in the Head and Neck proceeds from the translation of the Morbific Humor which tearing and rending the membranous parts most exquisite in their feeling beget that vehement pain the Arteries beat high by reason of their compression which proceeds from the particular repletion of the veins the Eyes wax dim by reason of the abundance of thick Spirits carry'd to the upper parts that obstruct the passages not admitting entrance to the Animal Spirits The Hypochondrium is distended that is the Liver swells by reason of the motion of the Blood which begins its motion at the fountain and roots of the Veins The difficulty of breathing proceeds from hence for that the Blood coveting to ascend oppresses the Diaphragma which is the principal Organ of Respiration D. Are there any other Signs of instant Bleeding C. Besides those which are numbred up by Hippocrates Galen adds Noises in the Ears Tickling in the Nostrils seeming Apptritions of red things Thus to a certain young man that lay in an acute Feaver and suddenly leapt out of his Bed he foretold an instant Bleeding for that the young man being by him ask'd why he leapt out of his Bed when there was nothing to scare him made answer that he saw a red Serpent creeping in at the Window D. What are the betokening signs of a critical Sweat C. Suppression of Urine and a cold Quivering D. Why suppression of Urine C. Because the Matter of Urine and Sweat is the same the serous parts
Breast for the Air is not drawn nor the Vapors excluded without the motion of the Breast D. Which are the Instruments for the Pulses C. The Arteries D. Which is the principal Organ of the Natural Functions C. The Liver for it is the Original of the natural Faculty and of all the Veins and the first Instrument of the generation of Blood D. How many sorts of Organs are subservient to the natural Faculty C. Two sorts for some are appropriated for nourishment others appointed for generation D. Which are the assisting Organs of nourishment C. They are of three sorts some for preparation some for purgation and some for distribution of the Nourishment D. Which are for preparation of the Nourishment C. The Mouth and Stomach prepare the Nourishment the one by Mastication the other by Concoction D. Which serve for Purgation C. They are of two sorts for it is the Office of some to purge the Chylus for the Excrements of the Chylus are sent forth from the Belly but the Bladder of the Gall the Spleen the Kidneys and Bladder are the Organs appointed to purge the Bloud for they receive and separate from the Bloud those excrementitious Humors begot in the Chylous matter at the time that it turns to Bloud D. Which serve for the Distribution of the Nourishment C. The Veins D. Thou hast reck'nd up all the Organs serving to Nourishment now give me an accompt of the Organs of Generation C. The Organs of Generation some are common both to Male and Female some proper to each Sex D. which are common to both Sexes C. Testicles and Spermatick Vessels as well preparing as conveighing the Seed D. Which Proper C. The Yard to the Male the Womb to the Female Of the Humors D. Having thus reck'nd up the parts containing now for the parts contain'd Which then are the Parts contain'd C. The fluid parts which are supported by the help of others such as are the Humors and Spirits D. How many Humors are contain'd in the Body C. Besides the Primogeneous Humor or that which comes naturally of it self there are two other adventitious that is to say the Alimentary and Excrementitious D. What d' ye mean by the Primogenious Humor C. A certain Oily substance bred in the more solid parts of the Body from their first Original being the Basis and Seat of Spirit and innate Heat and is therefore call'd by the name of Radical Moisture D. Which d' ye call the Alimentary humors C. The Juices of the solid parts appointed for nourishment which derive their original from a commixture of the four Elements D. Which the Excrementitious C. The superfluous moisture in the Body useful to Nature D. How are the Alimentary humors distinguished C. Into Primary and Secondary D. Which are accompted the Primary C. Those which are distributed by the Chylus in the Liver by the Power of its natural inbred heat through the Veins to the several parts of the Body for their Nourishment D. How many Primary Humors are there C. Four Bloud Choler Melancholy and Flegm Which are all mix'd together in the Veins This mixture of the four Humors is call'd the Sanguinary Mass by reason that the Bloud has the greatest share in it D. What is to be understood by the Word Blood C. The Word Blood is sometimes taken in a diffusive Sence for the whole Mass of the Bloud but properly it signifies the more pure and enlivening part of it D. What is the Temperature of the Bloud C. The Bloud generally taken for the whole Mass of Bloud is well temper'd in regard the temperature arises from an equal mixture of the future contrary humors together with a just proportion and decent Harmony of the same but being consider'd in it self as pure and limpid it is hot and moist and somthing of the nature of Air Nor is it differenc'd from the rest of the humors by reason of this peculiar temper only but also by its Consistency Colour Taste and Use D. What is the Consistency of the Bloud what its Colour Taste and Use C. The Bloud is of a consistency so thin that while it is kept within the bounds of Nature it appears neither thicker nor thinner of a red Colour and sweet Taste It nourishes chiefly the musculous parts while it hai the predominancy and makes men fleshy lively handsom good disposition'd and cheerful D. In what Ages is the Bloud most prevalent C. In Children Youth and Young men thus Galen affirms That Boys Young men and Striplings between both enjoy most of the sanguine Humor as in whom the first Principles of Life are yet most vigorous D. When does it most abound in the Body C. The Bloud is most plentiful in the Spring because then the Frosts are dissolv'd and the Waters are let loose according to the Opinion of Hippocrates D. What is Choler C. Alimentary Choler is the more thin part of the Sanguinary Mass partaking of the Nature of Fire in Temperament hot and dry of a pale or yellow Colour bitter in Taste and causes men to be lean tough active rash and hasty nourishing those parts which are most akin to its Nature wherein it differs from the excrementitious D. What is the excrementitious Choler C. That which is sent to the Bladder or Bagg of the Gall to hasten the expulsion of the Excrements and to cleanse the Guts of any slimy matter sticking to them D. In what sort of persons is Choler most predominant C. Yellow Choler abounds most in those who are in the Prime of their Age as Galen avers D. When does it most abound C. Choler abounds most in the Summer as Hippocrates declares as also in a dry season of the Air for that drought renders the hands more Choleric in quality as Galen delivers his judgment D. What is Melancholy C. Alimentary Melancholy is the thicker part of the Sanguinary Mass of the nature of the Earth in temper cold and dry of a black colour sowr in taste and renders men sad thoughtful morose severe and constant it nourishes the most solid and dry parts of the Body as the Bones where it differs from the excrementitious D. Which is the excrementitious Melancholy C. That which is carried to the Milt where it is separated from the more useful Juice that affords it nourishment and so poured out into the Stomach to excite the Appetite and to strengthen the Faculty which retains the meat there during Concoction D. What sort of People are most subject to Melancholy C. Black Melancholy is most exuberant in the declining Age of Men by the Authority of Galen D. When does it most abound in the Body C. Black Melancholy abounds most in the Autumnal Season as Hippocrates relates D. What is Flegm C. Alimentary Flegm is the more liquid part of the sanguinary Mass of the nature of Water in temper cold and moist of a white colour and sweet Taste or rather without any savour It makes men sloathful sleepy dull fat white and
Vital C. Because the Irascible Faculty is that by which the Heart is mov'd to prosecute that which is good as to avoid that which is evil for the preservation of Life not only that but the Concupiscible Faculty by which the Heart is mov'd to embrace that which is good is also to be referr'd to the Vital Faculty D. But Galen and Hippocrates as they assign the irascible Faculty to the Heart so they appropriate the concupiscible to the Liver C. Galen there by the concupiscible Faculty does not mean that Desire by which a man is carry'd with apprehension toward the Object but the natural Appetite after Nourishment which tho it be fix'd in every part yet he ascribes it to the Liver as being the particular place where the Bloud is made D. What is the Natural Faculty C. That which being convey'd from the Liver through the Veins affords Nourishment to all Parts of the Body D. Of how many sorts is it C. Three That which nourishes that which causes growth and the generative Faculty D. What is the Nourishing Faculty D. That which converts and assimilates the receiv'd Nourishment to the substance of the body It also restores the continual decays of the body and remains to the last day of Life D. How many Faculties are subservient to the Nourishing Faculty C. Four The Attractive Retentive Concording and Expulsive D. What is the Attractive C. That which covets and draws to every Part convenient Moisture D. What is the Retentive C. That which retains the attracted Nourishment till the Altering Faculty have chang'd it into the Nature of that Part which it is design'd to nourish D. What is the Concoctive Faculty C. That which alters the attracted and retain'd Nourishment changes concocts it applies and assimilates it to the Part which is to be nourished D. What is the Expulsive C. That which separates and expels that which is not proper for Nourishment or superfluous D. What is the Increasing Faculty C. That which extends and enlarges the body till the time appointed by Nature D. What is the Generative Faculty C. That which begets its own like But that is not simple but compounded of two Faculties D. Which are those C. The Changing and Forming Faculty D. What is the Changing Faculty C. That which changes the first Substance out of which Generation is made and converts it into that proper and convenienter Matter which is to be generated D. What is the Forming Faculty C. That which makes the Form agreeable to the whole and every Part of the body D. Thus far of the Animal Vital and Natural Faculties But is the mutual consent of all requir'd C. They are so far conjoyn'd by mutual Consent saith Fernelius that every one singly subsists by the help of the rest The Vital perfects the rest and sets them at work and is by them assisted by mutual Kindnesses The Natural affords it food the Animal by the motion of the Breast and Lungs is the Cause of Nourishment and Refrigerarion To the Animal the other two afford Matter and the Vital running through the Arteries preserves and increases it which always her self stands in need of the Animal D. Which by mutual Consent of Authors is the agreed Order of the Faculties C. By the order of Procreation the Natural is first then the Vital and the Animal last But in order of Excellency the Animal precedes then the Vital and lastly the Natural But as to the Necessity of Life and Action the Vital is the first of all then the Natural and last of all the Animal Of the Action D. After the Faculties follow the Actions What is an Action C. An Action is a Motion proceeding a Faculty sometimes from the Greek call'd Energy from the Latins Function or Operation D. How is Function divided C. As Faculty is threefold so is Function Animal Vital and Natural D. But Galen allows but two sorts of Functions Animal and Natural Of Actions saies he there are two primary Differences for some are the Actions of the Soul and others of Nature therefore the first are call'd Animal and the second Natural C. I Answer That in that place Galen comprehends the Vital under the Animal Functions D. How do the Intellectual Actions differ from the Sensible C. There is this particular difference between them That the Sensible Actions have every one their particular Organs by which they are committed Sight the Eye Hearing the Ear the Action of Smelling the Nose Tast the Tongue Feeling the Skin But Intellectual Actions want the help of no Corporeal Organ because they are not capable of Corporeity D. As if the Brain were not the Organ of the Functions of the Mind whose Temperament is so necessary for the true performances of Understanding Cogitation and Ratiocination that that being once deprav'd Phrensie follows C. I grant the Brain to be the Organ of Imagination which contains the Idea's of Corporeal things but not of the Mind only so far as that it cannot operate in the Body without the help of sensible Idea's D. How are voluntary Actions divided C. They are twofold some are continually free others subject to the Affections of the Body D. Which are altogether free C. Those which we do perpetually when and as often as we please without any impediment as Speaking and Walking D. Which are subject to the Affections of the Body C. Such as are not perpetual but at certain times as the Necessities of the Body require as making Water and Easement of the Belly D. How are the Vital Functions distinguished C. Of the Vital Actions the one is the principal which is the work of making the Vital Spirit two Ministerial as Respiration and the beating of the Pulses Under the Pulsatii Actions are comprehended the Motions of the heart proceeding from the irascible and concupiscible Faculties From the one Gladness Hope Love which dilate the Heart as embracing the Object of Good From the other Sadness Fear Hatred by which the Heart is contracted troubled and oppress'd as avoiding the evil Object D. Is Respiration an Animal or Natural Action C. It is a voluntary Action being made by the help of the Muscles contracting and dilating the Breast but not altogether free because it is done upon Necessity Others believe Respito be a mixt Action partly Animal in respect of the Organs partly Natural as depending upon the motion of the Heart which is Natural and because it never ceases whether we sleep or wake when all the Animal Actions cease in Sleep D. Is the Pulse an Animal or Natural Motion C. The Pulse neither depends upon the Will nor Nature simply but upon the Vital Faculty of the Soul which is Natural Not upon the Will because we cannot make this motion nor stop it at our own pleasures Not simply upon Nature for nothing moves in a living Body but the Soul for otherwise there would be more then one form The Soul is of an Animal Nature which to preserve its Union
Head the Consequence of which was a Delirium All the Remedies that the most Famous Physicians of Tours could imagine were apply'd but all to no purpose wherefore he was remov'd to Pressignac at a good distance from the King's Court whither I was call'd together with three other of the most eminent to try our Skill but notwithstanding all the most violent Remedies that could be rationally us'd not being able to vanquish the Distemper at length he dy'd Lethargic His Body being open'd under the formost right-side Ventricle a part of it was apparently corrupted in which there appear'd various and sundry forms of an Aposteme the Vesicles of which were about the bigness of a Pine-Nut This Observation I thought fit to give thee an accompt of by the way Now let us return to the General Discourse of Apostemes Of how many sorts are Tumors preternatural C. Fourfold Phlegmone Erysipelas Oedema and Skirrus D. What is Phlegmone C. It is a Tumor preternatural caus'd by the Bloud starting out of the Veins and dilating the Part with Heat Redness Paint Beating and resisting the Touch. D. What is an Erysipelas C. An Inflammation very hot lying in the Skin and sometimes incroaching upon the Flesh underneath proceeding from a Choleric hot Blood which by reason of its thinness causes no great Swelling but disperses it self in length and breadth every way D. What is an Oedema C. A cold loose white Tumor void of pain leaving the print of the finger that touches it proceeding from a Phlegmatic Humor D. What is a Skirrhus C. A hard resisting Tumor void of pain with little or no sence of feeling proceeding from a Melancholy Humor D. What is a Wound C. It is a new separation of the Contiguity in soft parts by some Cut Bite or other external Accident D. What is an Vlcer C. The separation of the Continuity in soft parts made by Corrosion D. What is a Fracture C. It is the Union of the Bone separated occasioned by some external Accident bruising or breaking the same D. What is Luxation C. It is the falling or slipping of a Joynt out of its proper place into another to the impeding the voluntary Motion Of Morbific Causes D. What is here meant by the word Cause C. An Affection against Nature which causes the Disease the knowledge of which is call'd Aetiology D. The Cause of a Disease is generally substantial as some Humor or Wind or something else preternatural as a Stone but Affection is a Quality therefore Affection is not properly the cause of a Disease C. The Word Affection is otherwise us'd by Galen and Aristotle that is for every thing that is able to destroy the natural Temper and Structure of the Body and injure its Actions whether it be Substance or Quality D. Of how many sorts are Morbisic Causes C. Twofold Internal and External D. Which is the Internal Cause C. That which resides within the Body D. Of how many sorts is this C. Twofold the preceding and containing D. Which is the Antecedent Cause C. That which nourishes the Disease D. Of how many kinds C. Two Plethoric and Cacochymic D. What is the Plethora C. A Redundancy of all the Humors equally augmented or else a redundancy of the Blood alone D. How many kinds are there of Plethora C. Two the one in respect of the Strength the other in respect of the Vessels D. What is a Plethora in respect of the Strength C. When the Blood neither in quantity nor quality exceeding due measure yet oppresses the Strength debilitated by some other Cause D. What is a Plethora as to the Vessels C. When the Humor exceeds its due measure which is either light when it only fills the Cavity of the Veins and only exceeds proportion by a little or distensive when it distends and almost rends the Tunicles of the Veins D. How does the Plethora in respect of the Vessels and that other in respect of the Strength differ C. When during the Plethora the Body waxes heavy yet the Strength of all parts remains equal only there is a fulness of the Vessels But if the Body and the Arteries wax heavy and the motion grows slow if a drowsie disturb'd and unquiet Sleep follow and the Patient complain of being oppress'd by some weight or that he carries some burden or dream he cannot be remov'd out of his place then it is an over-fulness oppressing the Strength D. What are the Signs of a Plethory C. The Antecedent are the Causes breeding plenty of Blood such as are the just temper of the Body Age the Spring-Season a temperate Clime good Diet and the accustomed evacuation of Blood suppressed But the consequent Causes are Accidents which demonstrate an over-fulness and predominancy of the Blood as a red colour in the Face swelling of the Veins dilatation of the Vessels a spontaneous stretching Lassitude a bigger Bulk of Body a fleshy habit of Body a merry and jocund disposition stupidity drowsiness a strong Pulse and thick difficulty of breathing and an aptness to bleed c. D. What is Cacochymy C. Cacochymy is the redundancy of yellow or black Choler or Flegm whence it is said to be threefold Choleric Melancholic and Flegmatic D. By what Signs is a Choleric Cacochymy known C. First from the Causes demonstrating exuberancy of Choler as a hot and dry Constitution a constant and florid Age Summer a dry Season a hot and dry Clime a hot and dry Diet and then by the signs of yellow Choler abounding in the Body as a pale Face yellow or blackish a dry Habit of Body lean slender hairy acute Senses swift and expedite a sharp and diligent Wit little Sleep and unquiet much Waking Dreams of War a swift and frequent Pulse want of Stomach an unquenchable Thirst his Vomits and Stools full of Choler Urine yellow or somewhat inclining to Flame colour with little sediment c. D. By what signs is a Melancholy Cacochymy understood C. First from the Causes shewing the Exuberancy of Melancholy a natural Temper cold and dry weakness of the Spleen inclining Age Autumn-Season strong Diet a melancholy way of living Then from the several signs of prevailing Melancholy a Leaden colour in the Countenance a dry habit of Body and lean a fix'd Aspect grim and sowr full of fear and sadness turbulent Sleep little and slow Pulse c. D. By what Signs is a Flegmatic Cacochymy distinguish'd C. First from the Causes that increase Flegm a Temper cold and moist old Age Winter-Season a moist constitution of the Air unseasonable Eating a sedentary Life and long Sleep Then from the Signs demonstrating redundancy of Flegm a white livid complexion swell'd cheeks a large sat body small veins white hair slow in his Actions thick skull'd a profound sleeper dreaming much of Water and drowning a slow soft Pulse c. D. What is the containing Cause C. That which most nearly breeds the Disease by some call'd the conjoyn'd cause D. Well then I will
effeminate it nourishes the Brain and other cold and moist parts of the Body wherein it chiefly differs from the Excrementitious D. What is the Excrementitious Flegm C. The Serous or Whey-like superfluity which the Kidneys separate from the Bloud and conveigh to the Bladder through the Vreters where it is called Urine D. At what Age is Flegm most redundant C. Flegm abounds most in old Age by reason of the decay of the Natural Heat D. When does it most abound in the Body C. The Winter fills the Body with Flegm by reason of the great plenty of Rain and the length of the Nights as Hippocrates declares A moist Constitution of the Air works also the same Effect for the moisture of the ambient Air increases flegmatic Humors and begets a great many watery superfluities D. Which are accounted the secondary Humors C. Such as derive their Original from the former in any part of the Body where they are more exactly prepar'd by the last concoction from whence two manifest Excrements proceed Sweat and Ordure besides what goes forth by insensible Transpiration D. How many are the secondary Humors C. They are reck'nd to be in number four according to the diversity of those Alterations which they undergo while they are prepar'd for the nourishment of every part The first is that which is contain'd in the small Veins thence ready to empty it self into the vacant spaces The second that which being diffus'd into the substance of the Part penetrates it like a kind of Dew The third that which gathering about the Hair sticks to it And the last is a thickn'd Liquor that sticks in such a manner to the Fibres that it seems to be chang'd into the substance of a Similar Part. And thus the Humors through the variety of their Alteration at length change into the Nature of the Body D. Think'st thou the Humors constituting the Nature of the Body to be perpetually Natural C. Not so for as when the Humors observe their Mixture and Temper they are natural so when they fall from their equal Constitution they become devious and wanderers from Nature Whence it happens that Bodies are sometimes sound sometimes sick according to that of Hippocrates containing in it self Bloud and Flegm black and yellow Melancholy by which the Nature of the Body is constituted and by means of which it is either sick or well for by the benefit of these it is in health when they answer one to another in reference to Temperament in Quantity and Quality and in reference to Mixture when they are mix'd and not separated one from the other But the Body is sick through the ill operation of these when in reference to Temperament one abounds the other is defective in Quality or when in Quality when the faculty of the one is more intense of the other more remiss Or else in reference to Mixture when one Humour separates from the rest of the Mass for when one Humour is separated from the rest of the Mass there must of necessity be some Distemper in that part from whence the Humour is departed contrary to Nature or in that part where it overflows contrary to Nature which Humour departing from the rest if it be expell'd without the Body begets a simple Disease but if it remain within the Body it will cause a double Distemper in that Part which it has left through Evacuation and in the Part where it abounds by Repletion D. How does the Blood deviate from the Rule of Nature C. When it grows corrupt that is when the thinner portion of it turns to yellow the thicker to black Choler by which it becomes fuller of Choler and Melancholy Or if it be vitiated by other Humors which flow into the Veins from the Bag of the Gall or any other Parts D. How does Choler deviate from Nature C. When either within or without the Veins it changes its Nature D. How many sorts of Choler are bred in the Veins contrary to Nature C. Three sorts the pale the yolk-colour'd and the black D. How does Choler become pale C. By the mixture of the serous Humour D. How of the colour of the Yolk of an Egg C. It is compounded of yellow and pale while the Acrimony of the Unnatural Heat is boyl'd up as it were to a Consistency so that of a thin it becomes a thick substance and the colour of it is likewise heightn'd resembling the colour of a raw yolk of an Egg. D. How does black Choler depart from its natural course C. Black Choler is made of the Vitelline by the extremity of Heat and Burning D. How many sorts of Choler are bred out of the Veins contrary to Nature C. Three sorts the Leek-colour'd the Rust-colour'd and the Woad-colour'd D. What is the Matter which compounds them C. They are generated chiefly in the Stomach of Meats that are of vicious and evil Juice and the Vitelline Choler poured forth into the Stomach is frequently chang'd into one or other of these contracting a change of colour from the coldness of the Place D. What causes the Effects of Melancholy against Nature C. When the MeIancholic Humor by extremity of Heat is as it were burnt to ashes so that it becomes sharp and biting differing from the Melancholic Juice as burnt Lees from not burnt This sort of Melancholy is call'd Black Choler and Black-choleric Humor D. What causes in Flegm its contra-natural Effects C. When it is corrupted either in the Veins or without the Veins D. How many sorts of Flegm are bred in the Veins against Nature C. Two sorts Acid and Salt D. What is the Acid C. That which is chiefly raw and crude which besides the first and imperfect Alteration in the Stomach has had no other Concoction D. How comes Flegm to be salt C. By the corruption of sweet Flegm through the mixture of the serous Humour D. How many sorts of Flegm are bred without the Veins C. Four sorts the Watery the Snotty the Glassy and the Pargetty D. What is the Watery C. That which is so thin that it distils from the Nostrils or falls from the Brains upon the lower parts like Water D. What is the Mucous C. That which by the heat of the Parts is thicken'd into the substance of Snot D. What is the Vitrous or Glassy C. That which in colour and substance is like melted Glass thicker and colder then the Snotty D. What the Pargetty C. That which at length becomes as thick and hard as Parget such as is sometimes seen in the Joynts in which after preceding thinner distillation and dissolutions of the thinner part of the Matter at last appears a piece of Flegm hardn'd like a Pumice-Stone Of the Spirits D. Leaving the Humors let us proceed to the Spirits Why are they call'd Impulsive by Hippocrates C. Because that by their means the Corporeal Bulks of Living Creatures are mov'd perceive live and subsist even by their aid the dull and heavy bodies of