year_n or_o two_o before_o who_o be_v not_o near_o so_o exact_a as_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr verney_n the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n wherein_o the_o old_a anatomy_n be_v the_o most_o defective_a be_v the_o tongue_n as_o to_o its_o internal_a texture_n and_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o mouth_n jaw_n and_o throat_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v but_o guess_v at_o which_o occasion_v great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o its_o substance_n linguâ_fw-la some_o think_v it_o to_o be_v glandulous_a some_o muscular_a and_o some_o of_o a_o peculiar_a nature_n not_o to_o be_v match_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n this_o therefore_o malpighius_n examine_v with_o his_o glass_n and_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v clothe_v with_o a_o double_a memorane_n that_o in_o the_o inner_a membrane_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o small_a papillae_fw-la which_o have_v extremity_n of_o nerve_n insert_v into_o they_o by_o which_o the_o tongue_n discern_v taste_n and_o that_o under_o that_o membrane_n it_o be_v of_o a_o muscular_a nature_n consist_v of_o numberless_a heap_n of_o fibre_n which_o run_v all_o manner_n of_o way_n over_o one_o another_o like_o a_o mat._n the_o general_n use_v of_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o mouth_n jaw_n and_o neck_n be_v ancient_o know_v it_o be_v visible_a that_o the_o mouth_n be_v moistend_v by_o they_o and_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o hospital_n supply_v from_o they_o and_o then_o have_v name_v they_o from_o the_o place_n near_o which_o they_o lie_v as_o the_o palate_n the_o jaw_n the_o tongue_n the_o ear_n the_o neck_n they_o go_v no_o further_o and_o there_o be_v little_a if_o any_o thing_n more_o do_v till_o dr._n wharton_n and_o nicolaus_n steno_n examine_v these_o gland_n and_o upon_o a_o exact_a enquiry_n four_o several_a salival_n duct_n have_v be_v discover_v which_o from_o several_a gland_n discharge_n the_o hospital_n into_o the_o mouth_n the_o first_o be_v describe_v by_o dr._n wharton_n 21._o near_o forty_o year_n ago_o it_o come_v from_o the_o conglomerate_v gland_n that_o lie_n close_o to_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n and_o discharge_v itself_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o chin_n into_o the_o mouth_n the_o second_o be_v find_v out_o by_o steno_n vasis_fw-la who_o publish_v his_o observation_n in_o 1662._o this_o come_v from_o those_o gland_n that_o lie_n near_o the_o ear_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o upper-jaw_n the_o three_o be_v find_v out_o sialograp_n by_o thomas_n bartholin_n who_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o in_o 1682_o and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o one_o rivinus_fw-la a_o german_a it_o arise_v from_o the_o gland_n under_o the_o tongue_n and_o go_v in_o a_o distinct_a canal_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o wharton_n dust_n there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o a_o common_a orifice_n open_v into_o the_o mouth_n the_o four_o be_v discover_v by_o monsieur_n nuck_v ibid._n he_o find_v a_o gland_n within_o the_o orbit_n of_o the_o eye_n from_o which_o not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o steno_n dust_n hospital_n be_v supply_v to_o the_o mouth_n by_o a_o peculiar_a canal_n beside_o these_o the_o same_o mounseur_fw-fr nuck_v find_v some_o small_a gland_n near_o the_o last_o but_o lower_v down_o which_o by_o four_o distinct_a pipe_n carry_v some_o hospital_n into_o the_o mouth_n so_o careful_a have_v nature_n be_v to_o provide_v so_o many_o passage_n for_o that_o necessary_a and_o noble_a juice_n that_o if_o some_o shall_v fail_v other_o may_v supply_v their_o want_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o head_n we_o be_v to_o look_v into_o the_o thorax_n and_o there_o to_o consider_v the_o heart_n and_o the_o lung_n the_o lung_n as_o most_o of_o the_o other_o viscera_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v of_o a_o parenchymous_n substance_n till_o malpighius_n find_v by_o his_o glass_n pulmonibus_fw-la that_o they_o consist_v of_o innumerable_a small_a bladder_n that_o open_a into_o each_o other_o as_o far_o as_o the_o outermost_a which_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o outer_a membrane_n that_o enclose_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o that_o the_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o windpipe_n be_v all_o insert_v into_o these_o bladder_n about_o every_o one_o of_o which_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n be_v entwine_v in_o a_o unconceivable_a number_n of_o net_n and_o maze_n that_o so_o the_o inspire_a air_n may_v press_v upon_o or_o mix_v with_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n in_o such_o small_a parcel_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o the_o windpipe_n also_o itself_o be_v nourish_v by_o a_o artery_n that_o creep_v up_o the_o backside_n and_o accompany_v it_o in_o all_o its_o branching_n which_o be_v first_o find_v out_o by_o frederic_n ruysch_n a_o dutch_a professor_n of_o anatomy_n at_o leyden_n about_o thirty_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o great_a discovery_n that_o have_v be_v make_v of_o the_o lung_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o arteria_fw-la pulmonaris_n call_v ancient_o vena_fw-la arteriosa_fw-la through_o all_o the_o small_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n into_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_n or_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n again_o so_o that_o the_o heart_n be_v a_o strong_a pump_n which_o throw_v the_o blood_n let_v in_o from_o the_o vein_n into_o the_o lung_n and_o from_o the_o lung_n afterward_o into_o the_o artery_n and_o this_o by_o a_o constant_a rapid_a motion_n whereby_o the_o blood_n be_v drive_v round_o in_o a_o very_a few_o minute_n this_o discovery_n first_o make_v perfect_o intelligible_a by_o dr._n harvey_n be_v of_o so_o very_o great_a importance_n to_o show_v the_o communication_n of_o all_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n each_o with_o other_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o man_n be_v perfect_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v contest_v which_o they_o be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n a_o great_a many_o put_v in_o for_o the_o prize_n unwilling_a that_o dr._n harvey_n shall_v go_v away_o with_o all_o the_o glory_n ʋander_n linden_n who_o publish_v a_o most_o exact_a edition_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o holland_n about_o thirty_o year_n ago_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o prove_v that_o hypocrates_n know_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o that_o dr._n harvey_n only_o revive_v it_o the_o substance_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v this_o that_o hypocrates_n speak_v vand._n in_o one_o place_n of_o the_o usual_a and_o constant_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v 5._o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n the_o fountain_n of_o humane_a nature_n the_o river_n that_o water_n the_o whole_a body_n that_o convey_v life_n and_o which_o if_o they_o be_v dry_v up_o the_o man_n die_v that_o in_o a_o three_o place_n he_o say_v 17._o that_o the_o blood-vessel_n which_o be_v disperse_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n give_v spirit_n moisture_n and_o motion_n and_o all_o spring_n from_o one_o which_o one_o blood-vessel_n have_v no_o beginning_n nor_o no_o end_n that_o i_o can_v find_v for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o circle_n there_o be_v no_o beginning_n these_o be_v the_o clear_a passage_n that_o be_v produce_v to_o prove_v that_o hypocrates_n know_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o they_o that_o he_o do_v believe_v it_o as_o a_o hypothesis_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a that_o he_o do_v suppose_v the_o blood_n to_o be_v carry_v round_o the_o body_n by_o a_o constant_a accustom_a motion_n but_o that_o he_o do_v not_o know_v what_o this_o constant_a accustom_a motion_n be_v and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o find_v that_o course_n which_o in_o our_o age_n dr._n harvey_n first_o clear_o demonstrate_v will_v appear_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o he_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o he_o anatomize_v it_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v and_o speak_v of_o 4._o the_o ventricles_n and_o the_o valve_n 8._o which_o be_v the_o immediate_a instrument_n by_o which_o the_o work_n be_v do_v 2._o he_o believe_v that_o the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n 6._o be_v like_o bellows_o which_o receive_v the_o air_n to_o cool_v the_o heart_n now_o there_o be_v other_o use_v of_o they_o certain_o know_v since_o they_o assist_v the_o heart_n in_o the_o receive_v of_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_n this_o can_v be_v unknown_a to_o any_o man_n that_o know_v how_o the_o blood_n circulate_v and_o according_o will_v have_v be_v mention_v by_o hypocrates_n have_v he_o know_v of_o it_o 3._o hypocrates_n speak_v of_o vein_n 2._o as_o
receive_v blood_n from_o the_o heart_n and_o go_v from_o it_o which_o also_o be_v the_o constant_a way_n of_o speak_v of_o galen_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_n now_o no_o man_n that_o can_v express_v himself_o proper_o will_v ever_o say_v that_o any_o liquor_n be_v carry_v away_o from_o any_o cistern_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n or_o source_n through_o those_o canal_n which_o to_o his_o knowledge_n convey_v liquor_n to_o that_o cistern_n 4._o hypocrates_n say_v the_o blood_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o lung_n from_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o lung_n without_o assign_v any_o other_o reason_n 10._o these_o seem_v to_o be_v positive_a argument_n that_o hypocrates_n know_v nothing_o of_o this_o matter_n and_o according_o all_o his_o commentator_n ancient_a and_o modern_a before_o dr._n harvey_n never_o interpret_v the_o former_a passage_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n neither_o will_v Ê‹ander_n linden_n in_o all_o probability_n if_o dr._n harvey_n have_v not_o help_v he_o to_o the_o notion_n which_o he_o be_v then_o resolve_v to_o find_v in_o hypocrates_n who_o he_o suppose_v not_o the_o father_n only_o but_o the_o finisher_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a medical_n art_n it_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_n or_o rather_o their_o admirer_n for_o they_o after_o hypocrates_n as_o for_o galen_n any_o man_n that_o read_v what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n in_o the_o 6_o book_n of_o his_o de_n usu_n partium_fw-la must_v own_v that_o he_o do_v not_o discourse_n as_o if_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o modern_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v that_o he_o know_v this_o recurrent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o also_o further_o show_v that_o if_o hypocrates_n do_v know_v it_o he_o explain_v himself_o so_o obscure_o that_o galen_n can_v not_o understand_v he_o who_o in_o all_o probability_n understand_v hippocrates_n text_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o his_o commentator_n who_o have_v write_v since_o the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o much_o more_o since_o the_o jonic_a dialect_n have_v cease_v to_o be_v a_o live_a language_n since_o the_o ancient_n have_v no_o right_a to_o so_o noble_a a_o discovery_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v to_o who_o of_o the_o modern_n the_o glory_n of_o it_o be_v due_a for_o this_o be_v also_o exceed_o contest_v the_o first_o step_n that_o be_v make_v towards_o it_o be_v the_o find_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n and_o vein_n the_o first_o that_o i_o can_v ever_o find_v who_o have_v a_o distinct_a idea_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v michael_n servetus_n a_o spanish_a physician_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o arianism_n at_o geneva_n near_o 140_o year_n ago_o well_o have_v it_o be_v for_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n if_o he_o have_v whole_o confine_v himself_o to_o his_o own_o profession_n his_o sagacity_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o so_o much_o in_o the_o dark_a give_v we_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o world_n may_v then_o have_v have_v just_a cause_n to_o have_v bless_v his_o memory_n restit_fw-la in_o a_o book_n of_o he_o entitle_v christianismi_fw-la restitutio_fw-la print_v in_o the_o year_n mdliii_o he_o clear_o assert_n that_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o not_o through_o the_o partition_n which_o divide_v the_o two_o ventricles_n as_o be_v at_o that_o time_n common_o believe_v how_o he_o introduce_v it_o or_o in_o which_o of_o the_o six_o discourse_n into_o which_o servetus_n divide_v his_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v i_o know_v not_o have_v never_o see_v the_o book_n myself_o mr._n charles_n bernard_n a_o very_a learned_a and_o eminent_a chirurgeon_n of_o london_n who_o do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o communicate_v this_o passage_n to_o i_o set_v down_o at_o length_n in_o the_o margin_n which_o be_v transcribe_v out_o of_o servetus_n can_v inform_v i_o no_o further_o only_o that_o he_o have_v it_o from_o a_o learned_a friend_n of_o he_o who_o have_v himself_o copy_v it_o from_o servetus_n realdus_n columbus_n of_o cremona_n be_v the_o next_o that_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o his_o anatomy_n print_v at_o venice_n 1559._o in_o folio_n and_o at_o paris_n in_o 1572._o in_o octavo_n and_o afterward_o elsewhere_o there_o he_o assert_v the_o same_o lut._n circulation_n through_o the_o lung_n that_o servetus_n have_v do_v before_o but_o say_v that_o no_o man_n have_v ever_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o before_o he_o or_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n about_o it_o which_o show_v that_o he_o do_v not_o copy_n from_o servetus_n unless_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o he_o steal_v the_o notion_n without_o mention_v servetus_n name_n which_o be_v injurious_a since_o in_o these_o matter_n the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v and_o very_o often_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o never_o acquaint_v each_o other_o with_o their_o discovery_n but_o columbus_n be_v much_o more_o particular_a 411._o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o vein_n lodge_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n whence_o it_o can_v return_v the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o go_v from_o the_o right_a ventricle_n it_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o lung_n by_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n where_o the_o valve_n be_v so_o place_v as_o to_o hinder_v its_o return_n that_o way_n into_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o by_o the_o aorta_fw-mi again_o when_o enliven_v by_o the_o air_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n some_o year_n after_o appear_v andrea_n caesalpinus_n who_o print_v his_o peripatetical_a question_n at_o venice_n in_o quarto_n in_o 1571._o and_o afterward_o with_o his_o medical_n question_n at_o the_o same_o place_n in_o 1593._o he_o be_v rather_o more_o particular_a than_o columbus_n especial_o in_o examine_v how_o artery_n and_o vein_n join_v at_o their_o extremity_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v by_o open_v their_o mouth_n into_o each_o other_o and_o he_o use_v the_o word_n circulation_n in_o his_o peripatetical_a question_n which_o have_v never_o be_v use_v in_o that_o sense_n before_o he_o also_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o blood_n swell_v below_o the_o ligature_n in_o vein_n and_o urge_v that_o in_o confirmation_n of_o his_o opinion_n at_o last_o dr._n william_n harvey_n print_v a_o discourse_n on_o purpose_n upon_o this_o subject_a at_o francfort_n in_o 1628._o this_o notion_n have_v only_o be_v occasional_o and_o slight_o treat_v of_o by_o columbus_n and_o caesalpinus_n who_o themselves_o in_o all_o probability_n do_v not_o know_v the_o consequence_n of_o what_o they_o assert_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v never_o apply_v to_o other_o purpose_n either_o to_o show_v the_o use_v of_o the_o other_o viscera_n or_o to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o disease_n neither_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o appear_v at_o this_o day_n have_v they_o make_v any_o number_n of_o experiment_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o explain_v their_o doctrine_n and_o to_o clear_v it_o from_o opposition_n all_o this_o dr._n harvey_n undertake_v to_o do_v and_o with_o indefatigable_a pain_n trace_v the_o visible_a vein_n and_o artery_n throughout_o the_o body_n in_o their_o whole_a journey_n from_o and_o to_o the_o heart_n so_o as_o to_o demonstrate_v even_o to_o the_o most_o incredulous_a not_o only_o that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o heart_n but_o the_o very_a manner_n how_o and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o that_o great_a work_n be_v perform_v when_o he_o have_v once_o prove_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v so_o rapid_a as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o be_v than_o he_o draw_v such_o consequence_n from_o it_o as_o show_v that_o he_o thorough_o understand_v his_o argument_n and_o will_v leave_v little_a at_o least_o as_o little_a as_o he_o can_v to_o future_a industry_n to_o discover_v in_o that_o particular_a part_n of_o anatomy_n this_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o noble_a a_o discovery_n since_o what_o his_o predecessor_n have_v say_v before_o he_o be_v not_o enough_o understand_v to_o form_v just_a notion_n from_o their_o word_n one_o may_v also_o observe_v how_o gradual_o this_o discovery_n as_o all_o abstruse_a truth_n of_o humane_a disquisition_n be_v explain_v to_o the_o world_n hypocrates_n first_o talk_v of_o the_o usual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n plato_n say_v that_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o original_a of_o the_o vein_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v carry_v about_o every_o member_n of_o the_o body_n aristotle_n also_o somewhere_o speak_v of_o a_o recurrent_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n still_o all_o this_o be_v only_o opinion_n and_o belief_n it_o
be_v rational_a and_o become_v man_n of_o their_o genius_n but_o not_o have_v as_o yet_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o experiment_n it_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v deny_v as_o affirm_v servetus_n first_o see_v that_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n columbus_n go_v further_a and_o show_v the_o uses_n of_o the_o valve_n or_o trapdoor_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o let_v the_o blood_n in_o and_o out_o of_o their_o respective_a vessel_n but_o not_o the_o self_n same_o road_n thus_o the_o way_n be_v just_o open_a when_o dr._n harvey_n come_v who_o build_v upon_o the_o first_o foundation_n to_o make_v his_o work_n yet_o the_o easy_a the_o valve_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o f._n paul_n the_o venetian_a have_v not_o long_o before_o be_v explain_v by_o fabricius_n ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la pendent_fw-la whence_o the_o circulation_n be_v yet_o more_o clear_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v one_o thing_n still_o want_v to_o complete_a this_o theory_n and_o that_o be_v the_o knowledge_n how_o the_o vein_n receive_v that_o blood_n which_o the_o artery_n discharge_v first_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o each_o sort_n of_o vessel_n join_v into_o one_o another_o that_o opinion_n be_v soon_o lay_v aside_o because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n be_v so_o extreme_o small_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o the_o naked_a eye_n to_o trace_v they_o this_o put_v they_o upon_o imagine_v that_o the_o blood_n ouze_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n and_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o vein_n who_o small_a orifice_n receive_v it_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o fibres_fw-es of_o the_o muscle_n or_o in_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o bowel_n which_o opinion_n have_v be_v general_o receive_v by_o most_o anatomist_n since_o dr._n harvey_n time_n but_o mounseur_fw-fr leeuwenhoek_n have_v late_o find_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n 66._o which_o be_v more_o manageable_a by_o his_o glass_n than_o other_o animal_n that_o artery_n and_o vein_n be_v real_o continue_v syphon_n various_o wind_v about_o each_o other_o towards_o their_o extremity_n in_o numberless_a maze_n over_o all_o the_o body_n and_o other_o have_v find_v 177._o what_o he_o say_v to_o be_v very_o true_a in_o a_o water_n newt_n so_o that_o this_o discovery_n have_v pass_v uncontested_a and_o since_o it_o have_v be_v constant_o find_v that_o nature_n follow_v like_o method_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n where_o she_o use_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o instrument_n it_o will_v always_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v in_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o do_v in_o eel_n perch_n pike_n carp_n bat_n and_o some_o other_o creature_n in_o which_o monsieur_n leeuwenhoek_v try_v it_o though_o the_o way_n how_o it_o may_v be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o man_n have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v yet_o discover_v however_o this_o visible_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o these_o creature_n effectual_o remove_v sir_n william_n temple_n scruple_n who_o seem_v unwilling_a to_o believe_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n because_o he_o can_v not_o see_v it_o his_o word_n be_v these_o 45._o nay_o it_o be_v dispute_v whether_o harvey_n be_v circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v true_a or_o no_o for_o though_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v it_o more_o than_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n yet_o sense_n can_v very_o hardly_o allow_v it_o and_o to_o satisfy_v mankind_n both_o these_o must_v concur_v sense_n therefore_o here_o allow_v it_o and_o that_o this_o sense_n may_v the_o soon_o concur_v mounseur_fw-fr leeuwenhoek_n describe_v the_o method_n how_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o his_o 66_o the_o letter_n the_o inference_n that_o may_v be_v make_v from_o this_o noble_a discovery_n be_v obvious_a and_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o stay_v to_o mention_v they_o chap._n xix_o further_a reflection_n upon_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n if_o after_o this_o long_a enquiry_n into_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v that_o the_o anatomy_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v but_o slight_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n it_o will_v not_o i_o suppose_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o any_o great_a wonder_n the_o first_o opinion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o of_o hypocrates_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a muscle_n this_o though_o true_a be_v reject_v afterward_o for_o want_n of_o know_v its_o true_a use_n its_o internal_a division_n its_o valve_n and_o large_a visible_a fibres_n be_v well_o know_v and_o distinct_o describe_v by_o the_o ancient_n only_o they_o be_v mistake_v in_o think_v that_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o ventricles_n through_o the_o septum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o general_o know_v to_o be_v a_o error_n the_o order_n of_o the_o muscular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o know_v before_o dr._n lower_n who_o discover_v they_o to_o be_v spiral_n like_o a_o snale-shell_n as_o if_o several_a skains_n of_o thread_n of_o differ_v length_n have_v be_v wind_v up_o into_o a_o bottom_n of_o such_o a_o shape_n hollow_a and_o divide_v within_o by_o all_o these_o discovery_n alphonsus_n borellus_n 5._o be_v enable_v to_o give_v such_o a_o solution_n of_o all_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o artery_n upon_o mathematical_a and_o mechanical_a principle_n as_o will_v give_v a_o more_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o wonderful_a method_n of_o nature_n in_o dispense_n life_n and_o nourishment_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n than_o all_o that_o have_v ever_o be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n before_o those_o thing_n be_v find_v out_o below_o the_o midriff_n be_v several_a very_o noble_a viscera_n the_o stomach_n the_o liver_n the_o pancreas_n or_o sweetbread_n the_o spleen_n the_o reins_o the_o intestine_n the_o gland_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o the_o instrument_n of_o generation_n of_o both_o sex_n in_o the_o anatomical_a knowledge_n of_o all_o which_o part_n the_o ancient_n be_v exceed_o defective_a the_o coat_n of_o the_o stomach_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o the_o several_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o middle_a coat_n examine_v by_o dr._n willis_n rational_a with_o more_o exactness_n than_o former_o he_o also_o have_v be_v very_o nice_a in_o trace_v the_o blood-vessel_n and_o nerve_n that_o run_v among_o the_o coat_n have_v evident_o show_v that_o its_o inside_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glandulous_a coat_n who_o gland_n separate_v that_o mucilage_n which_o both_o preserve_v the_o fibre_n from_o be_v injure_v by_o the_o aliment_n which_o the_o stomach_n receive_v and_o concur_v with_o the_o hospital_n to_o further_o the_o digestion_n there_o perform_v and_o have_v give_v a_o very_a particular_a account_n of_o all_o those_o several_a row_v of_o fibres_n which_o compose_v the_o musculous_a coat_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v steno_n discovery_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o musculous_a coat_n of_o the_o gullet_n that_o they_o be_v spiral_n in_o a_o double_a order_n one_o ascend_v the_o other_o descend_v which_o run_v contrary_a course_n and_o mutual_o cross_v each_o other_o in_o every_o wind_v with_o dr._n cole_n 125._o discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o intestine_n that_o they_o also_o move_v spiral_o though_o not_o perhaps_o in_o a_o contrary_a order_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o duodenum_fw-la to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o straight_a gut_n the_o anatomy_n of_o those_o part_n seem_v to_o be_v almost_o complete_a the_o great_a use_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o gut_n be_v to_o prepare_v the_o chyle_n and_o then_o to_o transmit_v it_o through_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o mesentery_n into_o the_o blood_n this_o the_o ancient_n know_v very_o well_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v do_v they_o know_v not_o galen_n 5._o hold_v that_o the_o mesaraick_n vein_n as_o also_o those_o which_o go_v from_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o liver_n carry_v the_o chyle_n thither_o which_o by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v put_v into_o a_o heat_n whereby_o the_o faeculency_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n and_o by_o their_o weight_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o pure_a part_n go_v into_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o dregs_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n choler_n and_o melancholy_n go_v into_o several_a receptacle_n the_o choler_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o gallbladder_n and_o porus_n bilarius_fw-la melancholy_a be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o spleen_n the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o notion_n be_v ignorance_n of_o the_o anatomy_n of_o all_o these_o part_n as_o also_o of_o the_o constant_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o lung_n and_o heart_n herophilus_n who_o be_v commend_v as_o the_o able_a anatomist_n of_o antiquity_n find_v out_o 19_o that_o there_o be_v vein_n disperse_v
quite_o through_o the_o mesentery_n as_o far_o as_o the_o small_a gut_n reach_v which_o carry_v the_o chyle_n from_o the_o intestine_n into_o several_a glandulous_a body_n and_o there_o lodge_v they_o these_o be_v the_o milky_a vein_n again_o discover_v by_o asellius_n about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o those_o gland_n which_o herophilus_n speak_v of_o be_v probable_o that_o great_a collection_n of_o gland_n in_o the_o mesentery_n that_o be_v common_o call_v the_o pancreas_n asellii_fw-la after_o herophilus_n none_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o trace_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o chyle_n any_o further_a and_o so_o these_o milky_a vein_n be_v confound_v with_o the_o mesaraick_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o because_o all_o mesaraick_n carry_v the_o blood_n from_o the_o intestine_n into_o the_o liver_n therefore_o they_o carry_v chyle_n also_o when_o there_o be_v any_o chyle_n to_o carry_v and_o hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o the_o liver_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o common_a workhouse_n of_o the_o blood_n but_o when_o asellius_n have_v trace_v the_o chyle_n as_o far_o as_o the_o great_a gland_n of_o the_o mesentery_n it_o be_v soon_o find_v not_o to_o lie_v there_o and_o pecquet_n about_o forty_o year_n since_o discover_v the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o chyle_n whither_o it_o be_v all_o bring_v thence_o he_o also_o find_v that_o it_o be_v carry_v by_o particular_a vessel_n through_o the_o thorax_n almost_o as_o high_a as_o the_o left-shoulder_n and_o there_o throw_v into_o the_o left_a subclavian_n vein_n and_o so_o direct_o carry_v to_o the_o heart_n it_o have_v also_o be_v discover_v that_o in_o his_o canal_n usual_o call_v ductus_fw-la thoracicus_n there_o be_v numerous_a valve_n which_o hinder_v the_o return_n of_o the_o chyle_n to_o the_o common_a receptacle_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v move_v forward_o but_o not_o backward_o since_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o chyle_n have_v be_v discover_v it_o have_v be_v by_o some_o believe_v that_o the_o milk_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o breast_n by_o little_a vessel_n from_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_n the_o whole_a oeconomy_n of_o that_o affair_n have_v be_v particular_o describe_v very_o late_o by_o mr._n nuck_n before_o who_o time_n it_o be_v but_o imperfect_o know_v he_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o breast_n be_v heap_n of_o gland_n supply_v with_o blood_n by_o innumerable_a ramification_n of_o the_o axillary_a and_o thoracick_a artery_n some_o of_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o breastbone_n unite_v with_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o opposite_a side_n these_o artery_n which_o be_v unconceivable_o small_a part_n with_o the_o milk_n in_o those_o small_a gland_n into_o small_a pipe_n four_o or_o five_o of_o which_o meeting_n together_o make_v one_o small_a trunk_n of_o these_o small_a trunk_n the_o large_a pipe_n which_o terminate_v in_o the_o nipple_n be_v make_v up_o though_o before_o they_o arrive_v thither_o they_o straiten_v into_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n that_o a_o stiff_a hair_n will_v just_o pass_v through_o the_o nipple_n which_o be_v a_o fibrous_a body_n have_v seven_o or_o eight_o or_o more_o holes_n through_o which_o every_o pipe_n emit_v its_o milk_n upon_o suction_n and_o lest_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v the_o milk_n shall_v stagnate_n they_o all_o have_v cross_a passage_n into_o each_o other_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o nipple_n where_o it_o join_v to_o the_o breast_n the_o forementioned_a discovery_n of_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o chyle_n oblige_v man_n to_o re-examine_a the_o notion_n which_o till_o then_o have_v general_o obtain_v concern_v the_o nature_n and_o uses_n of_o the_o liver_n hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v make_v there_o and_o so_o disperse_v into_o several_a part_n for_o the_o use_v of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la erasistratus_n indeed_o suppose_v 13._o that_o its_o principal_a use_n be_v to_o separate_v the_o bile_n and_o to_o lodge_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a vessel_n but_o for_o want_v of_o further_a light_n his_o notion_n can_v not_o then_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o so_o it_o present_o fall_v and_o be_v never_o revive_v till_o asellius_n and_o pecquet_n discovery_n put_v it_o out_o of_o doubt_n till_o malpighius_n discover_v its_o texture_n by_o his_o glass_n its_o nature_n be_v very_o obscure_a but_o he_o have_v find_v out_o 1._o that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v frame_v of_o innumerable_a lobule_n which_o be_v very_o often_o of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n and_o consist_v of_o several_a little_a gland_n like_o the_o stone_n of_o raisin_n so_o that_o they_o look_v like_o bunch_n of_o grape_n and_o be_v each_o of_o they_o clothe_v with_o a_o distinct_a membrane_n 2._o that_o the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o the_o liver_n consist_v of_o these_o grape-stone-like_a gland_n and_o of_o divers_a sort_n of_o vessel_n 3._o that_o the_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la porta_n and_o porus_n bilarius_fw-la run_v through_o all_o even_o the_o least_o of_o these_o lobule_n in_o a_o equal_a number_n and_o that_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o porta_n be_v as_o artery_n that_o convey_v the_o blood_n to_o and_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la be_v the_o vein_n which_o carry_v the_o blood_n from_o all_o these_o little_a grape-stone-like_a gland_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o liver_n be_v a_o glandulous_a body_n with_o its_o proper_a excretory_n vessel_n which_o carry_v away_o the_o gall_n that_o lie_v before_o in_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o blood_n near_o the_o liver_n lie_v the_o pancreas_n which_o galen_n believe_v 2._o to_o be_v a_o pillow_n to_o support_v the_o division_n of_o the_o vein_n as_o they_o go_v out_o of_o the_o liver_n and_o for_o what_o appear_v at_o present_a the_o ancient_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v concern_v themselves_o any_o further_a about_o it_o since_o it_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o glandulous_a body_n wherein_o a_o distinct_a juice_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n which_o by_o a_o peculiar_a canal_n first_o discover_v by_o georgius_n wirtsungus_n a_o paduan_n physician_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o duodenum_fw-la where_o meet_v with_o the_o bile_n and_o the_o aliment_n just_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o stomach_n assist_v and_o promote_v the_o business_n of_o digestion_n the_o spleen_n be_v as_o little_o understand_v as_o the_o pancreas_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n its_o anatomy_n be_v unknown_a and_o its_o bulk_n make_v it_o very_o remarkable_a something_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v say_v about_o it_o and_o what_o no_o body_n can_v positive_o dis-prove_a may_v the_o easy_o be_v either_o receive_v or_o contradict_v the_o most_o general_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o grosser_n excrement_n of_o the_o chyle_n and_o blood_n be_v carry_v off_o from_o the_o liver_n by_o the_o ramus_fw-la splenicus_fw-la and_o lodge_v in_o the_o spleen_n as_o in_o a_o common_a cistern_n but_o since_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n have_v be_v know_v it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o blood_n can_v go_v from_o the_o spleen_n to_o the_o liver_n but_o that_o nothing_o can_v return_v back_o again_o into_o the_o spleen_n and_o as_o for_o its_o texture_n liene_n malpighius_n have_v discover_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o spleen_n deduct_v the_o numerous_a blood-vessel_n and_o nerve_n as_o also_o the_o fibre_n which_o arise_v from_o its_o second_o membrane_n and_o which_o support_v the_o other_o part_n be_v make_v up_o of_o innumerable_a little_a cell_n like_o honey-comb_n in_o which_o there_o be_v vast_a number_n of_o small_a glandule_n which_o resemble_v bunch_n of_o grape_n and_o that_o these_o hang_v upon_o the_o fibre_n and_o be_v feed_v by_o twig_n of_o artery_n and_o nerve_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o blood_n there_o purge_v into_o the_o ramus_fw-la splenicus_fw-la which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o liver_n to_o what_o purpose_n not_o yet_o certain_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o the_o reins_o be_v so_o very_o conspicuous_a that_o from_o hippocrates_n time_n downward_o no_o man_n ever_o mistake_v it_o but_o the_o mechanism_n of_o those_o wonderful_a strainer_n be_v whole_o unknown_a till_o the_o so_o often_o mention_v malpighius_n renibus_fw-la find_v it_o out_o he_o therefore_o by_o his_o glass_n discover_v that_o the_o kidney_n be_v not_o one_o uniform_a substance_n but_o consist_v of_o several_a small_a globule_n which_o be_v all_o like_a so_o many_o several_a kidney_n bind_v about_o with_o one_o common_a membrane_n and_o that_o every_o globule_n have_v small_a twig_n from_o the_o emulgent_a artery_n that_o carry_v blood_n to_o it_o gland_n in_o which_o the_o urine_n be_v strain_v from_o it_o vein_n by_o which_o the_o purify_a blood_n be_v carry_v off_o to_o the_o emulgent_a vein_n thence_o to_o go_v into_o the_o cava_fw-la a_o pipe_n to_o convey_v the_o urine_n into_o the_o great_a basin_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o kidney_n
and_o a_o nipple_n towards_o which_o several_a of_o those_o small_a pipe_n tend_v and_o through_o which_o the_o urine_n ouze_v out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o basin_n this_o clear_a use_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o reins_o have_v effectual_o confute_v several_a notion_n that_o man_n have_v entertain_v of_o some_o secundary_a uses_n of_o those_o part_n since_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o every_o part_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v immediate_o and_o whole_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o single_a use_n of_o free_v the_o blood_n from_o its_o superfluous_a serum_n what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o modern_a anatomist_n towards_o the_o complete_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n i_o shall_v omit_v that_o the_o ancient_n likewise_o take_v pain_n about_o they_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o write_n of_o hypocrates_n aristotle_n and_o galen_n the_o discovery_n which_o have_v since_o be_v make_v be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n undisputed_a and_o the_o book_n 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harvey_n time_n not_o one_o of_o these_o discovery_n have_v ever_o show_v a_o single_a instance_n of_o any_o artery_n go_v to_o or_o of_o any_o vein_n come_v from_o the_o heart_n ligature_n have_v be_v make_v of_o infinite_a number_n of_o vessel_n and_o the_o course_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n juice_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n have_v thereby_o be_v make_v visible_a to_o the_o naked_a eye_n and_o yet_o not_o one_o of_o these_o have_v ever_o weaken_v dr._n harvey_n doctrine_n the_o pleasure_n of_o destroy_v in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_a be_v not_o much_o less_o than_o the_o pleasure_n of_o building_n and_o therefore_o when_o we_o see_v that_o those_o book_n which_o have_v be_v write_v against_o some_o of_o the_o eminent_a of_o these_o discovery_n though_o but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o comparative_o speak_v be_v so_o far_o dead_a that_o it_o be_v already_o become_v a_o piece_n of_o learn_v even_o to_o know_v their_o title_n we_o have_v sufficient_a assurance_n that_o 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dissection_n of_o ape_n if_o he_o have_v be_v now_o to_o write_v beside_o those_o tedious_a advice_n how_o to_o part_v the_o muscle_n from_o the_o membrane_n and_o to_o observe_v their_o several_a insertion_n and_o origination_n the_o jointing_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o like_a he_o will_v have_v teach_v the_o world_n how_o to_o make_v ligature_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vessel_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n what_o liquor_n have_v be_v most_o convenient_a to_o make_v injection_n with_o thereby_o to_o discern_v the_o course_n of_o vein_n artery_n chyle-vessel_n or_o lymphduct_n how_o to_o unravel_v the_o testicle_n how_o to_o use_v microscope_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n he_o will_v have_v teach_v his_o disciple_n when_o and_o where_o to_o look_v for_o such_o and_o such_o vessel_n or_o gland_n where_o chemical_a trial_n be_v useful_a and_o what_o the_o process_n be_v by_o which_o he_o make_v his_o experiment_n or_o find_v out_o his_o theory_n which_o thing_n fill_v up_o every_o 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