THE JUDGMENT OF Vrines By Robert Record Doctor of Physick Whereunto is added an ingenious Treatise concerning Physicians Apothecaries and Chirurgeons Set forth by an Eminent Physitian in Queen Elizabeths dayes With a Translation of Papius Ahalsossa concerning Apothecaries Confecting their Medicines Worthy perusing and imitating LONDON Printed and are to be sold by Peter Parker at the Leg and Star in Cornhil against the Royal Exchange 1679. To the Reader IF either the corruption or abuse of things might deprive us of this lawfull and necessary use of them even the sacred Scriptures our laws our provisions of life and clothing might fall under declension if not abolition It is true from the inspection of Urine some have presumed to pretend a larger judgement and indication then may justly be drawn or conjectured out of it yet it is generally concluded by Physitians both ancient and moderne that both Urine and Pulse are so necessary that without them all knowledge of Physick besides is doubtfull obscure and uncertaine whereof the first sheweth the estate of the liver and veines the second of the heart and arteries The Urine because with the blood it is conveâ—ed into all parts of the body and from thence returneth back again in the veines to the liver and urinall vessels bringeth with it some indicature of the state and disposition of all those parts from whence it commeth and who shall please to peruse that exact peice of Daniel Becherus shall finde observable peices both concerning the urine and divers experimented medicines made with it Concerning the judgement of the Pulse who shall please to peruse Doctor May upon Pennant shall finde the Pulses motion not so certain an indicature because in some diseases there is cessation or none or small appearance to conjecture by Concerning the Author he was one of the first who labour'd to reduce the tractate thereof unto order and method and hath been seconded by laborious Fletcher to whom our English Nation oweth much for their labours The antiquity and paines of the Author hath caused it to be presented again to the Presse hoping with judicious men it shall receive the acceptance is desired and studied By the well-wisher of your health R. R. The PREFACE The good use of a covetous example THough the unsatiable greedines of covetous men doe many and sundrie waies hurt yet some wayes it may do no lesse good if men will not disdain as they ought not to use it in such sort as I shall shew you But because that unsaciableness is never satisfied but beside thousand of means invented already to quench the unquenchable greedines it seeketh and findeth daily new and new means innumerable so that it were an infinite labour to declare them all I will wittingly and purposedly passe them over only taking one general sentence which shall be in stead of all the rest Vespasian one of the great schoolmasters of avarice which could pick out profit of every thing yea even of mens urine taught his Scholers I meane the whole court of covetous persons this lesson ensuing Lucri bonus odor 〈◊〉 qualibet Lucre is sweet and hath a good savour Though it come of Vrine dirt or Ordure This sentence if it be withdrawn from the filthy lucre of unsatiable covetousnesse wherein it is detestable and imployed rather to the due lucre of mans sustenance then it becomes tolerable But if it bee referred to the necessarie lucre of mans health then is it greatly commendable If there can be then any commodity for mans health gathered out of urine as there may be much men should not be negligent in seeking of that thing which should do good both to themselves and others seeing the covetous are so diligent in seeking for that thing which shall profit neither themselves nor others And the negligence is so much the greater if men be more remisse in seeking after so necessary a thing in a matter so commendable then the covetous in a bad thing But in as much as this thing by reason it is not plainly set forth is with no lesse difficulty to be studied on then it is necessary to be used the ignorant may have some excuse I therefore in the name of many other have taken this pains on me to set forth this thing so plainly Ignorance set aside that ignorance can have no excuse But that no man should doubt of the truth of this Treatise or of mine intent Why this Book is written in putting forth the same rather in this our English tongue then any other I shall briefly shew reasons of both First for the truth of it The first reason I will boldly speak knowing for certain that no man that can judge it will say or thinke otherwise but that it is as true as mans knowledge can devise it And it is the opinion of the most excellent writers of Physick both Greeks and Latine namely Hippocrates Galen Aetius Aeginâ—ta Philotheus Theophilus Actuarius also Cornelius Celsus Plinius Constantinus Africanus and Clementius Clementinus with others more conferring also with these Avicenna Egidius Polidamus and such like But with what temperance and moderation they that are learned may perceive These have I followed chiefly in this judgement of Urines And in the use of medicine and diseases touching urine I have joyned with them Dioscorides Quintus Serenus Columela Sextus Platonicus and divers others Now if there be any man that doubteth of the truth of those writers in this thing I am not here to force beleef upon them The inter of the Author But now as touching mine intent in writing this Treatise in English though this cause might seem sufficient to satisfie many men that I am an English man and therefore may most easily and plainly write in my native tongue rather then in any other yet unto them that know the hardness of the matter this answer should seem unlikely considering that it is harder to translate into such a tongue wherein the Art hath not been written before then to write in those tongues in which the terms of the Art are better expressed Now to shew briefly the causes moving me thereunto I am sure there are but few that ever sought counsell for their health but they know that the common trade to attain to the knowledge of the disease is by the judgement of the urine though not alone yet as the principall Likewise as there is not any thing so good but the abuse of it may cause harm to ensue therupon So this judgment of urines though it be a thing highly to be regarded yet if it be used rashly without foregoing signs it may cause as it doth often some error in the judgment of the Physitian though he were right excellently learned not so much by the ignorance of the Physitian as by want of knowledge in the patient which should instruct the Physitian in such questions as hee needed to demand of him and not to look that the Physitian should
thus into water then doth it drop down and gathereth together and so runneth out as it can finde or prepare way As long therefore as there is hollownes in that place with such sort of coldnesse and none other let the Spring of water shalâ— never cease But if the way by any mean be stopped then the water turmoileth and laboureth either to expell that let or to make a new way The causes of diversity in tast of Water Now this water being thus ingendred of the air which hath no taste is also naturally without all taste but the tast that it hath is the taste of the vaines of earth or mettall by which it doth run And that is the cause that some waters are sweet and some soure some fresh and some salt and otherwise diversly tasted some also are hot and some cold and with other like qualities endued according to the ground whereby it passeth But of this I will not now speak because I have appointed for it a peculiar Treatise if God grant me time Only this I say now that a man that is expert can by the colour tast and other qualities of the water which he seeth tell what vains of earth or mettals is in that place whence that water cometh though he see it not And this water is expelled out of his first place as unprofitable there to remain and yet when it is come forth thence it is good for divers and sundry uses The generation of urine Thus may we thinke of the generation and use of urine or mans water Three Concoctions It shall not need that I here reckon exactly the places causes and the order of the three concoctions which go before the generation of urine but it shall suffice to teâ— briefly that of the meat and drink togetheâ— concocted in the stomack is made rudâ— blood if I may so call it which rude blooâ— is wrought again and made more perfectâ— in the liver and thirdly yet more purified in the hollow vein where the urine iâ— separate from it as whey from milk but yeâ— may not exactly be called urine till it comâ— into the reins or kidnies which draw it ouâ— of the hollow vein by a certain natural power resting in them And then doth the reins or kidnies alter it perfectly into urine us the coldnes of the ground turneth air into water But you must take this comparison oâ— similitude to be spoken of the alteration it self and not of the cause Now when Urine is thus made like to that fashion of water as I said then as the water passeth forth from his first place by issues outward so doth the urine descend from the reins by certain veins as it were called Water pipes and runneth into the bladder from whence at due times it is expelled forth if the way be not let So that you may compare the reins to the head of a conduit the water pipes to the conduit pipes the bladder to the conduit and the shaft to the rock of the conduit And further as the water doth declare by â—aste and colour the qualities of the earth or â—eins of mettall whereby it runneth and â—rom whence it commeth so the urine by â—olour and other wayes declareth of what â—ort the places that it cometh thorow and humors that it commeth from are affected And yet not only serveth for this but also â—s the water though it depart from the earth as superfluous in that place yet in other places and to other purposes it is greatly profitable So the urine though it be expelled as a superfluous excrement yet beside the commodity of judgement which it giveth of the parts that it cometh from it doth also serve for divers uses in medicine and other good commodities Of both which I will anon orderly write after I have declared certain things appertaining to the due judgement of it Of the Instrument and parts by which Vrine is engendred and passeth mark this Figure following A. Is the liver B. The hollow vein C. Veins by which the reins do draw the urine and therefore be called sucking veins D. The reins E. The water Pipes F. Is the Bladder G. The spout of the yard All the other parts beside appertain to Generation and seed CHAP. III. What Vrine is and what tokens it giveth in generall YOu have heard now how urine is ingendred from whence it cometh and â—y what places it passeth which things all â—o the intent that you may the better keep â—n minde you shall note this short definitiâ—n The definition of urine Urine is the superfluity or wheyie substance â—f the bloud into a hollow vein conveyed by â—he reins and water pipes into the bladder â—o that hereby you may plainly perceive â—hat if the bloud be pure and clean and none 〈◊〉 grief in the reins Water-pipes Bladâ—er nor Shaft then shall the urine so declare â—t being also perfect and pure in substance â—nd colour and all other tokens according â—o the same But if there bee any grief in â—ny of those parts or the blood corrupt by â—ny means then shall the urine declare cerâ—ain tokens of the same as I shall anon partiâ—ularly expresse But first it shall be necessary to instruct â—ou of the vessel place and time meet to â—udge urine and of the manner of receiving CHAP. IIII. Of the form of the Vrinall and of the pâ— and time meet to judge urine and how it should be received THat urine should be kept to see whâ— is first made after midnight common or namely when the patient hath slept loâ— but you must take heed whether the patiâ— be man or woman The order to receive urine that they make not thâ— urine in another vessel first as many use do and then pour it into the urinall whâ— it is setled for that causeth much deâ— and error in the judgement of it And that the Patient cannot well make it in 〈◊〉 urinall either by weaknesse or any otâ— cause then let them make it in another vâ—sel but see that it be clean and dry and soon as the water is made pour it forth pâ—sently into the Urinall altogether and leaâ—â— no part of it out as some curious folkâ— use to put the clear part only into the urinâ— and cast away the dregs as though it stoâ— not with their modesty to bring such foâ— gear to the Physitian others of such like foâ—lish mind Pour it therefore in wholly anâ— let not the urinall stand open namely industy place but stop it close with a glove 〈◊〉 other leather and not with cloth paper nor â—ay and let it be brought to the Physitian within six hours at the furthest for after that â—ime it cannot well be judged The Urinal Now as touching the Urinall it should be of pure cleer glasse not thick nor green in colour without blots or spots in it not â—at in the bottome nor too wide in the neck out widest in the midle and narrow still
all â—ther signs be good Pale light saffron Pale and light saffron as you have heaâ— before are the best colours and most tempâ—rate which betoken exact concoction Golden saffron But golden and saffron colour declare eâ—cess of heat Claret red Crimson Purple Green oily Claret is next and then red after it crimson and then purple then green and lâ— of them is oily urine which as they goe in oâ—der so they declare greater and greater heâ— with increase not only of the qualitie bâ— also of the matter containing the same Blew ash-colour But now of the other side blew urine anâ— ash colour are tokens of excessive cold sometime with matter and sometime with out and so likewise of black urine howbeit it cometh sometime of excess of heat But how you may know the difference both of it and all the other now will I shew in order with the rest of their significations White White urine if it come in great quantity in a whole man it betokeneth much drinking of thin wine But if it be mean in quantity with a due ground it declareth cold distemperance of the liver The urine doth appear white with a dis-form and unconcocted ground in them that have the dropsie But in old men white â—rine is no great evill sign as you may perâ—eive by that I said before of Ages how â—hey alter urine But in yong men and such â—s are of freshest age it is a worse sign and â—pecially if it have either no contents or else evill contents And if urine continue â—ong time white without changing it betokeneth painfull beating of the head daselling of the eies and giddiness and also the falâ—ing evill lothsomness of good meats and â—usting sometime after evill meats greedie hunger pain in limbs and painfull moving of the sinewes and divers griefes of the head and reines and also pain in the fundament and great weakness by sickness for all these doe follow continually lack of concoction either cold or stopping of the urines and conduct or transposing of the humours But the differences of these cannot easily bee known of every man yet such as are learned may gather certain distinctions of them by the accidents which follow diseases Milk white hornwhite gray Dark white colours as milk white white white like horn and grey If they appear in the beginning of Agues and in the increase of them they doe betoken much pain But in the decrease of Agues they declare he especially if it come plentifully Pale flaxen Pale urine and flaxen do not lightly pear in Agues except they be easie Agâ— and short as those which continue but day but if that it do follow after buâ— Agues it declareth that they be fully dâ—ved Pale saffron As for pale and light saffron they are 〈◊〉 I said before the best and most perfect â—lours namely in young men and fâ— youth But in old men women and childâ— whose urine as I have said declineth â—ward white and pale it doth betoken tâ— their bodie is too hot either by reasonâ— their diet or else of their exercise Buâ— as much as it is but mean excesse it declareâ— but small grief Golden saffron colour Golden and saffron coloured urine if be either somewhat thin or very thick â—ther it hath no ground or else very few aâ— dark contents But in this they differ thâ— golden urine declareth excess of heat aâ— matter also by reason of meats sharp medâ—cines chafing of the bloud through angeâ— heat of the bowels or else heat of the timâ— of the yeer But saffron colour appeareth rather witâ— default of matter through some affection oâ— the mind watching heat of the sun labour and such like things which increase thin and yellow choller and diminish naturall heat â—o that the cause of this colour is choler it self increased either in quantity or else in qualitie But in old men and women and â—uch other there is some greater cause that occasioneth it for it signifieth an Ague comâ—eth of saffronly choler dispersed through the whole body after which there followeth commonly giddiness headach bitterness of â—he mouth lothsomeness of meat thirstiness Also in yong men such urine is caused through much exercise and use of hot meats Of Claret and red Vrine Claret urine CLaret and red urine is coloured either of the mixture of red choler or else of the corruption of bloud such urine oftentimes goeth before Agues For when the blood doth so abound that it cannot be duly laboured nor can take no ayre there is engendred a certain corruption which as it is red of colour it self so it causeth the urine to be red in colour if it be much else it maketh only claret colour But if it be exact red lik grain it betokeneth that bloud issueth into it out of some veins nigh to the reins which either are broken or other waies â—pened But how it may be known frâ— whence it commeth and how there are â—ny means to search but because they areâ— light to perceive I will reserve them for Pâ—sicians that are learned This colour oâ— self is no great evill sign namely in yoâ— men for it betokeneth excess of bloud whâ— may well bee born of them But in old mâ— it is a very evill sign for it betokeneth â—ther long sickness or else death sith naâ— is so weak that it cannot keep in her natuâ— humour And if that red colour comeâ— red choler as it doth in young men for 〈◊〉 most part and not of blood which thing learned Physician may conjecture partly 〈◊〉 the former diet and other signs more tâ— accidents shal be the more troublous hoâ—beit yet not so evill as when it commeth 〈◊〉 saffron or golden choler for this cause greater thirst and more troublous sleep thâ— the other Of Crimson colour Crimson colour CRimson colour is a token that the gooâ— humours of the bodie are burned anâ— turned into red or black choler which cauâ— worse griefs then the other howbeit if 〈◊〉 have a good ground the grief is the more moderate But if it have either no contents for a space or else evill contents and the urine appear like a thick myste but somewhat glistering light it is a sign that nature needeth such strength to recover her selfe to her own state Notwithstanding such urine is caused sometime in whole folk by reason of much labour and long journying and then it hath some good signs therewith But in them that have a sharp Ague such crimson colour of urine doth betoken that corrupt blood doth abound and that it doth putrifie and turn into choler And commonly they that make such urine doe thirst much and are dry in their mouth and are troubled in their sleep and feel sharp Agues and are half distract and feel pain of the liver with coughing Howbeit yet these signs may be sometimes as well good as bad according as the colours do change to better or worse Of Purple Colour
contrarie waies and of contrary causes cometh small quantitie of urine For it cometh sometime of lack of drinke or dry meats and then is the colour light saffron with a smal ground but yet somewhat gross Also both meats and medicines that are clammie and apt to stop the water-pipes do cause little urine but then is the ground also little and thin Besides these much sege causeth urine to be lesser for if the one excrement be greater then nature would the other must needs be lesse if the body be healthful In this urine as you may partly know the cause of it by the knowledge of the excessive sege so will the urine it self be thinner and the ground very dark thin and not duely knit And thâ— many waies may this alteration appear in healthfull body Much urine in a sick body Now in a sick person much urine eitheâ— betokeneth the dropsie and then is it likâ— water with a raw and diverse ground or else if it be white thin and withoâ— ground then doth it betoken the pissing â—vill And this urine as witnesseth Galen â— in his first Book of Judicials is the worst â— any other of like sort Diabete I mean which declaâ— lack of concoction for it declareth the decayâ— yea I may say the utter extinction of twâ— naturall powers that is the retentive power and the alterative power also Much urine in colour fierie and light saffron or of any like colour is to be feared namely if it be coupled with evill contents But if it be of crimson or purple colour and so proceed especially if no concoctioâ— went before it then doth it encline to evill and betokeneth a certain mortifying and wasting of the whole composition of the body But if much urine come in an Ague namely toward the end and that there went before it little urine thick and ruddie then is that a good token 4. Aph 69. as witnesseth Hypocrates for it betokeneth the Ague to be at an end And this Urine will bee white and thin moderately and will have a mean ground Little urine in a sick body Now little quantity of urine with a grosse ground unduly knit and unconcoct is an evill token for it betokeneth the weakness of the alterative power which is not able to extenuate concoct neither alter the matter and therefore doth it with much difficulty pass forth in such grossnes Howbeit if there follow after it a more thinner urine with the ground well and duly knit and stable then is it without fear For this latter urine as you heard before is a token that the cause of the other is overcome and vanquished This little quantitie of urine cometh sometime in vehement Agues and then is the violent heat cause thereof Sometime also it cometh of the stopping of the water-pipes not only through clammy meats and drinks but also of some disease or grief in them And this now shall suffice for an Introduction as touching the substance colours and quantitie of urine Contents It followeth next to speak of the contents which so greatly help to the right judgement of urine that Hippocrates in his second book of Prognostications doth by them only yea and that by one of them I mean the ground pronounce the judgement of a perfect urine saying That that is the best Vrine Sediment which hath his sediment or ground white duly knit and stable and that continually all the time of the sickness Now seeing this great Clerk and Father of Physick doth thus esteem the ground it shall not seem unmeet that I orderly doe write briefly of those principall things that are to be considered as touching the contents and first of all of the ground which hath alteration as you have heard both in substance colour and quantitie But now as touching the substance then is it only mean when the third concoction in the veins is perfect For the ground is the excrement as you might say of that third concoction and is like in forme to matter save that it is more duly knit together then is matter and doth not smell so evill as it or else you may liken it to thin steam Grosse ground This Ground is then gross when the veins are replenished with raw humors Howbeit this grosseness or thickness is not alwayes an evill token for sometime it is a sign that nature hath prevailed against the crude humours which caused diseases and doth expell such superfluous excrements And that shall you discerne by the goodness of the colour and also if it come in the declining of the sickness for if it come at the beginning either in the increase of the sickness then are they to be suspected as evill especially if they bring with them evill colours Thin ground A thin ground being also pure and so cleaving to the bottom of the Urinal that it will not lightly rise though the urinall be shaked it is a token of great weakness of nature in the third concoction and such a ground appeareth most in white and watrie urine Howbeit sometime a thin ground cometh by the reason that the raw humors are extenuate through naturall heat which getting new strength doth extenuate and disperse all grossness of raw humors within the veins For the propertie of heat is to knit and bind together thin things and to extenuate and disperse grosse and raw things Colour of the grounâ— Now as touching the colours of the ground the perfect ground is neither exceeding white neither yet pale but mean between both for if there appear any such excessive white then is it some rag of phlegmatick matter or else matter extreamly concocted which commeth from some inward member being sore and that you may discern as I said before by the toughnes and by the savour And if any man be desirous to know the cause why the ground is white of colour let him remember that the ground is the superfluous excrement of the bloud being perfectly concocted in the veins Now that the bloud it self when it is exactly concocted is turned into a white or at least a party white colour you may conjecture by the generation of milke and also the seed of man yea and of matter which all three are nothing else but bloud exactly concocted save that matter cometh of evill bloud Pale Flaxen And therefore whensoever the ground hath in it any other colour then white it is no good token As first if it be pale and flaxen coloured then it is swarved from his right and commendable colour Howbeit yet it may be born as but meanly evill because that that colour commeth of small excess of choler Saffron Actuarius But if it be more higher coloured by choler so that it be saffron coloured then is it an evill token as Actuarius saith for it declareth that choler is excessively increased either by the order of diet or else by the corruption of bloud or some other wayes 7. Aph.
32. Howbeit Hippocrates in his Aphorisms seemeth to say the contrary for he saith That when the ground is so coloured of choler especially if at the beginning of the sicknesse it were waterie to sight then doth it betoken a quicke sickness that is to say as Philotheus expoundeth it Philotheus a sicknesse that will shortly be ended and so it may justly be called a good sign Notwithstanding as in this point it is a good token in that it signifieth that the disease is nigh the end so it may be called as Actuarius calleth it an evill sign because it doth betoken a cholerick sickness and that choler doth unnaturally abound Antonius Musa And if this answer do not content you though it content Antonius Musa then may you say more better as I thinke thus That if the ground be at the beginning of the sickness coloured with choller and so increase as Actuarius seemeth to mean then is it an evil token indeed for it declareth both the abundance and also the encrease of choler But if the ground at the beginning of a cholerick disease were warry that is white and thin and afterward turn to saffron colour which is the exact colour of choler or else to a yellow colour which is somewhat lesse cholerick then is it a token that the cholerick matter which before lay lurking in the body doth now begin to avoid and so the cause of sicknesse thus by nature expelled health must neeâ— follow As contrariwise if after yellow or saâ—fron colour it change unto whiter and the be no certain token of concoction then it an evill sign and a token of phrensie Howbeit if there be any token of certain concoction then is the same a good sign that if you take heed you may perceivâ— here what a necessary thing it is to observâ— order in the alteration of urine of whicâ— I have partly spoken before Claret colour Red. Bloudie Now therefore to goe oâ—n If thâ— ground bee of claret colour either red oâ— blew the token is not good For these bloody colours come either of too much abundance of bloud or else by reason that the retentive power is so feeble that it cannoâ— keep in the good humors but suffreth them to run out Claret red Claret colour and red doe betoken a certain default of concoction in the veins and that through the excess of red choler Buâ— yet this default is but mean and without danger seeing that the hurt is only by quantity whereas some other do hurt both by quantitie and qualitie also Bloudie Bloodie grounds are altogether worse then red though they be better then ash-coloured and black for they betoken that the bloud is nothing duely wrought especially if their quantitie be much withall for then the quantity of matter doth let the powers to work which thing yet as it may be born so it declareth need of long time to recover health But if this doe come through weakness of the powers in themselves then is it an extream evill sign for it betokeneth that the powers are overcome with weariness in working and be not able to keep in the good and profitable humors Which thing to discern more exactly you shall take artificiall conjectures by other circumstances which give also tokens of judgement namely as by the age of the person by his order of dyet and such like Blew Ash-colour Black Now to make an end with the other colours which are of a dark hew as blew-ash-colour and black These of all other are the worst and most envious to nature and the nearer they cleave to the bottome of the urinall the worse they are These colours come of a black melancholy humour being ingendred within the veins or else coming from some other part into them or else it betokeneth deadly mortifying But sometimes it cometh of sore bruising and stripes and generally cometh namely the black either of exceâ—sive cold or excessive heat And now for a conclusion whatsoever have said of the ground you shall undeâ—stand the same to bee spoken of the swiâ— and the cloud for they are in kinde but oâ— thing save that they differ in lightness anâ—heft and therefore also in places But thâ— judgement of their substance and colour â— much after one rate though some difference there be as you shall hear hereafter Quantitie And likewise of their quantity whicâ— as it is then only commendable when it iâ— mean so if it be greater then a mean it dotâ— declare some alteration in man though noâ— alwayes extreamly evill for sometime it iâ— a token of fatting or growing to a corporateness Great and that it doth signifie if nonâ— other evill sign be coupled with it Foâ— though the person feed much on nourishing meats and that with rest and an idle life yeâ— naturall heat appeareth so strong that she can easily concoct such meats According to this saith Galen in his Judicials that the plenty of the ground in urine betokeneth certain and exact with concoction And that as the body is repleat with crude humours so it declareth that those same be in expelling out at that present time And for this cause saith he in all children commonly and in men also which feed much or bee of some other cause replete with humors their urine hath a great ground Also oftentimes it chanceth the pores of the skin to be stopped so that such excrements as were wont to pass out by them are inforced to seek a new passage which they find most readiest by the urine and thereof are the contents and namely the ground oftentimes encreased And all these waies chance in health But in sickness it chanceth many and grosse superfluities do appear in the urine as often as the naturall powers namely the alterative or concoctive power being weakned such crude humours pass out undefied So doth it chance as witnesseth Alexander Trallianus That the urine of them which have the Collick Tral 2. cap. 33. is flegmatick and hath a great ground But if the contents be either great or gross in the beginning or in the augmenting of sickness namely if the Patient have any notable Ague it argueth abundance of humours to the concoction of the which there needeth both strength of naturall powers with time and good speed Little Contents And now contrary wayes must you judgâ— of the smalness of the contents for they becaused either of great labour long fasting stopping or obstruction of the veins and such like parts or else of slacknesse of concoction Gal. 2. pres Hip. 26. And as Galen saith when the body is replete with crude and raw humours then is the ground great but if the body be replenished with cholerick humors then is there in the urine either little ground or none at all but in such case it is well if there be any sublimation or swim Urine without ground Now seemeth the place most meet to speak of such urines as
bladder onely by some blister or sore in it and that most certainly when the stinch is very great and there appeareth also scales in the urine and matter But if there be matter in the urine and the stinking savour but mean then doth it declare the sore to be in some other part of the body But this ever is true that matter in urine is a token of a sore And if in continuance of time the matter and stinch doe abate it is a good token but if the other continue or increase it is an evill sign If the urine doe stinke and there appear no matter in it then is it a token of some mortifying For if there be in the urine mean tokens of concoction then is the mortification in some one part of the body but if the other signs in the urine be evill then is that mortification rather of the whole body then of any one part of it And thus have I over-run briefly the chief things to be considered in urine which I say are appertaining or annexed to the urine it self Howbeit two other things there are which though they be more plainer then these other yet may they be overpassed no more then the other that is to say blood coming forth with the urine and gravell expelled therewith also Blood Blood coming forth with urine doth declare some sore to be in the reins or bladder as Hippocrates writeth in his Aphorisms or else some vein to be broken about the reins namely if it come suddenly and without manifest cause Howbeit as Galen Oribasius and divers others do declare and reason also with experience doth consent there may appear blood in the urine also iâ— that there be such a sore in the liver or in tâ— shaft But in any of these cases the pain feâ— in the place and part will utter from whence the blood commeth Gravell Now to speak of gravell Hypocrates saith In whose urine there appeareth graveâ— in the bottome they have the stone in the bladder or else in the reins as Galen addeth but commonly if the stone be in the reins the gravell will be red as Hypocrateâ— declareth in his sixt Book of his Epidemies And thus now will I make an end of the judicial of urine CHAP. XI Of the Commodities and Medicines of Vrine THe greatest commodity of urine is already declared that is That it doth declare unto man the manifold diseases which happen unto him and thereby doth not only give him knowledge of the cause and so consequently of the cure of the same but also warneth him before of the grief to come whereby he may take an occasion to eschew it if he will be diligent Now as this is the greatest commoditie of urin so it hath many other as well in use of medicine as other waies of which I will write some though not all And first out of Plinie Plinie which reciteth strange operations of the urine of a Hedge-hog and of a Beast that the Greeks call Leontophon and moreover of the Beast Lynx which I omit now with many other but this will I not omit Urine of man that Hosthanes saith That if a man let his own urine drop upon his feet in the morning it is good against all evill And that it is good for the gout we may perceive by Fullers which never have the gout by reason that their feet are so often washed with it Ostrich urine The same Plinie writeth That the Vrine of an Ostrich will do away blots and moles of Inke Also that if Urine be tempered with water of like quantitie and so powred at the roots of the trees it will both nourish them as many men say and also drive all noyance from them Bees The urine also of men or oxen tempered with hony and given to Bees will cure them that are poysoned with the flower of the Cormier or Cornoiller tree Beans And likewise if Beans be steeped in urine and water three daies before they bee sowed Dioscorides Stinging of Adders c. some judge that they will increase exceedingly Dioscorides saith That a mans own urine is good to be drunk for stinging of Adders and against poison and also against the dropsie when it doth begin And for the stinging of the sea-Adders of scorpions and dragons it is good to soke the stinged part withall Dogs urine The urine of Dogs is good to soke the place that is bitten with a Dog and to cleanse manginess and itchinesse if salt peter be added thereto And that that is old will more strongly cleanse scales scurff scabs and hot pushes Also it stayeth fretting sores namely on the privie members Furthermore it stincheth mattering eares if it be dropped thereinto and if it be sod in the rind of a Pomegranate it expelleth worms out of the ears Childes urine The urine of a child under 14. yeers of age doth cure the toughness of breath if it bee drunken If it be sod in a brazen vessell with honey it healeth creythes and also the web and the tey in the eie There is made of it and copper good soulder for gold Dregs of urine The dregs of urine is good for Saint Anthonies evill if it be nointed thereon so that as Galen doth wisely add the sore be cooled first with some other thing and bee not burning If it be heated with oyle of privet and laid to the womb of a woman it will asswage the grief of the mother and cureth also the rising of the same It cleanseth the eie-lids and the creythes in the eyes Oxe stale Oxe stale being tempered with myrrh and dropped into sore eares healeth the pain of them The urine of a wild Bore Wild bore is of the same vertue if it be kept as Sextus Platonicus writeth in a glasse and dropped warm into them but it hath a more peculiar property in breaking of the stone and to expell the same if it be drunke Goats urine Goats urine drunke every day with Spikenard and three ounces of water is good for the dropsie for it expelleth urine by the sege and it cureth pain of the ears if it be dropped into them Asse pisse Asse pisse as it is written is good for the grief of the reins if it be drunke Mules stale Mules stale as Paulus Aegineta saith is good to heal pain in the joynts Camels and goats stale The stale of Camels and Goats also doth provoke sege and therefore is good for them that have the dropsie Sextus Platonicus Sextus Platonicus saith That Goats urine if it be drunke doth provoke womans terms and cureth pain in the eares being droped into them Paulus Aegineta and being mixed with mulset wine and so dropped into the earâ— it draweth out matter if there be any Wild Bore The urine of the wild Bore with mulse vineger is good for the falling evill if it be drunke Dogs pisse A Dogs