Animal peculiarly claims the Brain for its seat for there it is prepared and made and from thence defuses it self insensible ways to the Eyes Ears and the like The Vital Spirit is chiefly seated in the left Ventricle of the Heart and has its passage through the Arteries being made of the Evaporation or sweet-breathing of the purest blood and is furnished with matter to rarifie it from the Air that is drawn in by the Lungs and by its motion through the frame of the body is the conservation of natural heat The Natural Spirit is ingendred in the Liver and Veins and is wonderfully instrumental in the concoction of the nutriment and turning it into blood and then is farther imployed in distributing it through the Veins that branch from the Vena cava into every part of the Body And if any of these are wasted or expulsed from its proper seat unless it speedily return there is no hopes of life And so in case of Famishing viz. When the nutriment in the stomach is spent then nature preys upon the Blood and after that upon the Humour and lastly upon the Vital Spirits at what time the Body though alive is past recovery A further Description of the External Parts c. And now the better to describe or at least make the Reader more sensible of the Chyrurgecal part of this Book I proceed to give a brief Relation of the Material parts of a Horse's Body As 1. The Members are bodies ingendred of the first commixion of the Elements Humours and Spirits because they are found to consist of a solid fleshy and spirituous Substance and these are distinguished by or divided into Eight principal Parts as Bones Sinews Ligaments Tendons Fibers Membranes and simple Flesh and Skin to which may be joyned Veins Fat Marrow Arteries Hair Hoofs and the like Now to come nearer the purpose a Bone is of substance Earthly dry and hard the better to support the frame of the Body and is it self nourished through little pores by the purest fat converted through heat into Marrow A Gristle is likewise termed a soft and plyable Bone the better to strengthen and move the Members A Ligament is a tough and more plyable kind of a Gristle holding or binding the Bones together A Tendon is the end and tail of the Arbitrary Muscles by which the Members are more easily moved A Fiber is a small thread firm and strong which Nature places in the Muscles to create a right motion or a motion every way for as the right Fibers draw forward the Transverse put back and the oblique hold fast A Membrane and a Coat differ only in this viz. A Membrane is the name of a Substance and the Coat the name of an Office for where a Membrane invests any part it is called a Coat As for the Skin it is generally called the great Membrane covering the whole Body and over-casting the frame or structure thereof and is made spongy or porus the better to purge out the Excremental moisture by sweat As for the Flesh and Fat increased by nourishment it is raised and produced from and by the purest sort of blood and nutriment And when between all these there is a concordance and agreement then is there a cheerfulness in the spirits and a harmony throughout the frame of nature As for the Materials you ought to furnish your self withall for the performance of the sundry Cures I have mentioned if you are unskilfull in knowing them or any of them As for the Herbs and Roots a Herbal will direct you and for the Minerals Gums Seeds Barks Oyls and the like you may consult some Druggist For should I go about to describe them particularly they would take up a large Volume and when that was done you not perhaps much the wiser unless the Portraictures were likewise displayed Wherefore let it suffice that I have spoken intelligibly of all things which I conceived necessary or dependant on this Subject and have according to my promise exposed to your view and left to your consideration sundry rare Receipts and Experiments never before in Print and such as I doubt not will be Approved by those that vouchsafe to try them and turn not only to their Pleasure but Advantage and be a means to preserve this Generous Creature in a state of health and strength and render him tractable and obedient to his Owner And in such hopes I remain further to serve you as opportunity or occasion will admit FINIS Advertisement There are lately Printed for and Published by Nicholas Bodington at the Golden Ball in Duck-Lane the Three usefull Books following Viz. THE Accomplished Ladies Rich Closet of Rarities or the Ingenious Gentlewoman and Servant-Maids delightfull Companion Containing many Excellent things for the Accomplishment of the Female Sex after the exactest manner and method Viz. 1 The Art of Distilling 2 Making Artificial Wines 3 Making Syrups 4 Conserving Preserving c. 5 Candying and Drying Fruits c. 6 Confectioning 7 Carving 8 To make Beautifying-Waters Oyls Pomatums Musk-balls Perfumes c. 9 Physical and Chyrurgical Receipts 10 The Duty of a Wet Nurse and to know and cure Diseases in Children c. 11 The Compleat Chamber-Maids Instructions in Pickling making Spoon-meats Washing Starching taking out Spots and Stains Scowring Gold and Silver-Lace Washing Lace and Point c. 12 The Experienced Cook-Maids Instructions for Dressing Garnishing making Sawces serving up together with the Art of Pastery 13 Bills of Fare for all seasons in the Year 14 The Accomplished Dairy-Maids Directions for making Junkets c. 15 The Judicious Midwives Directions how Women in Travail before and after Delivery ought to be used as also the Child and what relates to the preservation of them both To which is added a Second Part Containing Directions for the Guidance of a Young Gentlewoman as to her Behaviour and seemly Deportment from her Childhood to her Marriage Estate The Second Edition with many curious Additions Illustrated with Cutts Price Bound One Shilling The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to that which is to come Delivered under the Similitude of a Dream Wherein is discovered the Manner of his setting out his dangerous Journey and safe Arrival at the desired Countrey By John Bunnian Price Bound One Shilling The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to that which is to come The Second Part. Delivered under the Similitude of a Dream Wherein is set forth the Manner of Christian's Wife and Children setting out their dangerous Journey and safe Arrival at the desired Countrey By John Bunnian Price Bound One Shilling At Nicholas Bodington 's the Publisher hereof Country Chapmen or others may at very Reasonable Rates be furnished with all sorts of Books as Bibles Testaments Common-Prayer and all manner of School-books c.
as for the thickness two fingers may serve then stop it with Cloves and Garlick dusting it over with Powder of Licorish Anniseeds Sugar-candy and Flower of Brimstone and cause him in two long slices to swallow it fasting and ride him thereupon that he cast it not up and do so every other Morning for a week together giving him after it a Glass of Mallaga Now to make a Horse in this case swallow though against his will Draw forth his Tongue as far as is convenient and put the potion down his Throat beyond the roughness and then suddainly letting go his Tongue he will swallow it down without tasting or scenting and in so doing you must ever draw up his Head to the Rack that it may descend the better To restore decayed and putrefied Lungs The Sign of the Lungs being in this disorder is to be known by a faint Cough and the casting of putrefied matter out of his Mouth like small pieces of red Flesh eating his Provender with greediness To redress this Take of the Juyce of Purslain or for want of it that of Housleek half a pint Steel-dust two ounces Oyl of Roses four ounces of Tragcauthium one ounce Add to them a quart of Goat's Milk and give it him hot at three times keeping him for a while after fasting and in motion And this you may use till you find his Breath become sweet and the Cough allayed the which if it be not too far gone will be in a weeks time And the better to refresh the Vital parts Burn under his Nose Sterax Galbamâ—m or Myrrh A dry Consumption its Remedy c. This Disease is occasioned by sharp corroding humours descending from the Head and falling upon the Lungs by which they are many times ulcerated and by their bad effects cause a Macerating or Wasting of the Body yet sendeth forth no Corruption at the Nose because the moisture is consumed by the heat To remedy which Take a pint of the Juyce of Comfory half a pint of Oyl of Roses the Juyce of four Lemons and an ounce of the Juyce of Rue Let them simper over a gentle fire and add the Powder of Round Bithwort-Roots two ounces and an ounce of that of Ruburb and give him these in two equal potions Morning and Evening The Breast-pain from whence it proceeds and how to Cure it This disorder of the Body proceedeth from a superfluity of blood which presses the Heart and gross indigested humours that make the like unnatural Invasion upon the Liver and the signs to know when he is so afflicted are a stiff staggering and keeping together the fore-legs as it were and but weakly proceeding in his pace c. his gate distorted and uneven stifly for the most part holding up his Head and Neck as not being well able to reach the ground and moreover you will observe him to groan and strain in his eating and drinking To cure this which frequently ends in death if not timely regarded let him Blood in both the breast-Breast-veins and when he has bled sufficiently two quarts at least chafe his Breast and Fore-body with Oyl of Peter that the Blood may be drawn into the empty Veins and so ease the Vital parts of their oppression and give him a pint of warm White-wine with two ounces of Diapente or if the Pain afterward continue which is very rare you may Rowel him Heart-sickness or Antecor whence it proceeds and how to remedy it This distemper being an enemy to the Heart seems from thence to take its denomination and is caused by a superfluity of Blood in Horses that feed high and are put to little or no labour which Blood for want of motion being corrupt infects the Heart and renders it sickish and languishing The signs are a small swelling rising at the bottom of the Breast encreasing upward to the top of the Neck whether if it arrive before it be prevented death frequently issues It is known also by his hanging his head loathing his food and groaning through the oppression of pain These things being observed Let your Horse Blood on either plate-Plate-vein or in the Neck if the Swelling be risen high and having bled him freely Take of the best Malmsey a quart add to it two ounces of Sugar and an ounce of beaten Cinamon give it him to drink blood-warm and it will revive and cherish the heart by dispelling the evil vapours from the seats of Life and after that wisp him well over his Cloth and let him rest giving him the next Morning the like dose and riding him gently Foundering in the Body or Surfeiting how occasioned together with the Remedy This disease according to the Skilfull is occasioned by a contraction of Molten-grease and evil humours which oppress the frame of the Body and is taken by the bad management of those that use the Horse indiscreetly watering him when hot or letting him upon a heat suddainly cool in a bad air or moist place by which means the dispersed humours together with the Molten-grease have opportunity to contract themselves into one Mass to that degree of Consolidation that Nature without extraordinary helps is not capable of dispersing or dispelling them The signs demonstrating this distemper or grievance are the staring of the hair hanging the head an unusual Cough staggering belching the clinging up of the Belly and rising of the Back To remedy this distemper Take a handfull of Mallows as much Smallage Cammomoil and Groundsel an ounce of Alloes two quarts of new Milk and half a pound of brown Sugar boil them together and strain out the liquid part giving it the Horse Clysterways and when it has caused him to empty sufficiently Take a quart of Malmsey or for want of it Canary of Licorish Anniseeds and Cinamon beaten to Powder each half an ounce put them with two ounces of beaten Sugar-candy into the Wine and give it the Horse warm keeping him afterward in motion though in the Stable for the space of two hours well cloathed and littered after which give him two quarts of Oats and a quart of â—plent-beans well sifted and sprinkled with Beer c. The greedy Worm or hungry Evil what it is and how to be remedied or prevented This distemper or rather defect in a Horse has deceived many for whereas they take it for a good sign to see a Horse feed hastily and be voracious yet is it the cause of sickness and decay in the end if not prevented for the cause a Horse is so hasty and large a feeder is either by reason he has been a long time debarred from Meat and so the Veins being open and empty crave nutriment or from too excessive a heat in the stomach that consumes the moisture and nutriment faster then it can be reasonably expected to digest The first of these if not prevented creates diseases and other disorders by the Veins drawing in the crude digestion not perfected and filling their Cavities with a gross watery humour
and of the roots of Wormwood dried and beaten into powder an ounce distill or well concoct these and when you have so done wash the Eye grieved by dipping a feather into the Liquid part An excellent Purgation for Gravel in the Bladder or Kidnies Of Parsley-roots take a handfull white Saxafrage and Ashen-keys or the bark of the Ash-tree root of each an ounce of Paristone a herb so called half a handfull Eringo-roots sliced two ounces boil them with half a pound of Coreander-seeds in a gallon and a half of new Ale and give the Horse a pint of the Liquid part of drink as hot as he can well endure it For the Vlceration of the Yard an excellent Water Take Spring water a gallon quench in it a hot Iron and Flint-stones very often infuse into it the leaves of red Roses or Rose-cakes four ounces Pomgranet-pills and the flowers of the same each half an ounce add of the Juyce Plantane and Housleek each half a pint of Allom and white Copras each half an ounce boil them over a gentle fire and inject the Liquid part into the Yard with a Syringe and it will effect in often using the Cure. An excellent Powder for the Falling-sickness or Falling-Evil in a Horse c. Take the roots of Elder dry them in an Oven till they may be beaten into a Powder add the Powder of a roasted Nutmeg and Storax each an ounce the Ashes of the Wool of a Fox half an ounce and of the Powder of Calamint a dram mix these well and give him half an ounce at a time in a quarter of a pint of Canary A Powder for the Ague which frequently happens especially to young Horses Take the herb Mercury Plantane-leaves Cardus Benedictus and Rue of each half a handfull dry them that they may be beaten to Powder and give the Horse an ounce of it in a quart of Ale wherein two handfulls of Centaury have been boiled as hot as he can well endure it and so renew the Dose as you shall find occasion To purge Choler and Phlegm an excellent Powder Take of Turbith an ounce Ginger Cinamon Mastick Gallinga and Alloes Epatick of each half an ounce Diagredium Ruburb and Seney of each a dram dry bruise and make them into a Powder giving the Horse the whole quantity at two Doses in warm Ale or Milk. An excellent Bath to allay any Swelling or such-like disorder especially diseases in the Legs occasioned by the descending of evil humours c. Take the roots and bark of Pomgranet the flowers of Comfory and of Acorns each a handfull Cammomoil and Fumitory of each a handfull black Helebore and Hysop the like quantity boil them in a gallon of Water and when a third part is consumed apply with a Woollen-cloth the remainder to the place grieved as hot as may be well endured A Bath to soften and mollifie the Skin Take the roots of Marshmallows and white Lillies bruise them with Penegreek-seeds Peletory of the Wall and Violet-leaves the flowers of Cammomoil and Melliot each an ounce Neatsfoot-oyl the Oyl of Lillies and Hog's Lard each four ounces add to them all a quart of Water boil and strain out the Liquid part using it as hot as may be by way of Application c. To stanch Blood in any Vein or Artery Take Alloes Epatick and Olibanum of each half an ounce and the Wool of an old Hare bruise them with the White of an Egg and spread them on Cotton-wool binding them to the place and there suffering them to continue till such time as you find the Blood is turned back and the Film knit together which will be within the space of two or three days An excellent Medicament to provoke a Horse to Vomit aâ— also to purge his Belly Take Elder-root Rind bruise it small to the quantity of two ounces the like quantity of Spurge-lawrel and Turmerick let them steep in a pint of White-wine a night and a day and give the Liquid part to the Horse very warm An excellent Purge good on sundry occasions Take Senne Coriander-seeds Alloes and the Juyce of Savin of each an ounce steep and bruise them in a quart of Ale then give him the Liquid part fasting as hot as may be well endured for two mornings successively ordering him well as to his Dressing and Diet that he neither over-feed nor catch cold For a Joynt-sickness Take Ant 's Eggs together with some of the Ants a small quantity add the Keys of an Ash-tree the Roots of Briony and those of Burdock boil them in Whey and with the Liquid part anoint the Joynts as hot as may be well endured binding up and keeping your Horse warm c. For an Internal Vlcer Take of Bees-wax four ounces Turpentine the like quantity Conserve of Red Roses an ounce Deers-suet two ounces Storax half an ounce Myrrh the like quantity and Oyl of sweet Almonds as much as will make them into a Balsom and give it the Horse an ounce at a time in a pint of warm Ale. An excellent Electuary for a dangerous Cough or ratling Cold. Take Germander Horehound Hysop Agremony Bittony Liverwort and Hart's-tongue of each a handfull clean stripped and washed boil them in three pints of Water till they are very soft and till the Water be consumed that they may be mashed into a thickness then add the Powder of Licoris Elecampane-roots and Honey so much as will make it into an Electuary and by so doing and giving each morning the quantity of a Walnut to your Horse fasting it will wonderfully help him Many may be farther taken notice on of this kind but these being the rarest newest and the best Approved I hope the Practitioner will have such satisfaction herein that he will need no more CHAP. XXIII The Symptoms of Diseases Sorrances Distempers Grievances or the like in general and particular how to foresee them and prevent them as also to know when they happen c. HAving passed over all the Material Diseases and Sorrances any ways incident hurtfull or dangerous in the plainest safest and easiest Method It now remains that I speak something of the Symptoms of Diseases and Distempers in general that they may be the brieflier comprehended and afterward give directions for making Unguents Salves Poultises Clysters Suppositories Purging-potions c. which ought always to be kept in a readiness for sundry uses and emergent occasions with such reasonable directions as may add to what has been already treated of And of these in their order The Curious as I have formerly hinted have ever had a great regard to the Complexion of a Horse thereby to draw from thence more than bare conjectures of the bodily state or constitutions relating to health or sickness And since too much of this kind cannot be well laid down nor more than sufficiently handled I shall make these further Observations than what hitherto I have made The Strangles are signified by the hanging out and unseemly colour of
To draw or break a Boyl or Vlcerous Sore c. ibid. An excellent Poultis to asswage any Pain or superate Tumour P. 146 A Poultis to break any Infectious Sore ibid. To disperse the Flux or Oppression of Blood in any part ibid. For an Imposthume or sudden Swelling in any part of the Body P. 147. In case of the Palsey in the head c. ibid. To heal and contract any Wound ibid. An inward Balm to destroy Worms and heal Internaâ— Bruises P. 148 An excellent Balm in case of any Sprain Internal Bruise Swelling Blasting old Sore or Gun-shot ibid. An excellent Balm to be given a Horse inward in case of a Consumption ibid. An excellent Red Water to cure Vlcers P. 149 An excellent Water to allay any Internal heat or feaverish Indispondency ibid. In case a Horse be troubled with the Stone an excellent Water ibid. For any disease in the Eyes c. P. 150 An excellent Purgation for Gravel in the Bladder or Kidnies ibid. For the Vlceration of the Yard an excellent Water ibid An excellent Powder for the falling-sickness or falling-eviâ— in a Horse P. 151 A Powder for the Ague which frequently happens especially to young Horses ibid. To purge Choler and Phlegm an excellent Powder ibid. An excellent Bath to allay any Swelling or such-like disorder especially diseases in the Legs occasioned by the descending of evil humours c. P. 152 A Bath to soften and mollifie the Skin ibid. To stanch Blood in any Vein or Artery ibid. An excellent Medicament to provoke a Horse to Vomit as also to purge his Belly P. 153 An excellent Purge good on sundry occasions ibid. or a Joynt-sickness ibid. For an Internal Vlcer ibid. An excellent Electuary for a dangerous Cough or ratling Cold. P. 154 CHAP. XXIII THE Symptoms of Diseases Sorrances Distempers Grievances or the like in general and particular how to foresee them and prevent them as also to know when they happen c. P. 155 CHAP. XXIV DIrections for making and preparing Oyntments Oyls Salves Waters Purgations Poultises Charges Supplements Pills Powders c. singular good in case of any Distemper or Sorrance c. P. 159 â—n Oyntment to search any Wound or Vlcerated Sore or any thing of the like nature ibid. â—n Oyntment excellent good in case of Botches Boils Scabs or the like Sorrances P. 160 〈◊〉 skin any Wound an excellent Oyntment ibid. 〈◊〉 mollifie and asswage any Swelling an excellent Oyntment ibid. An excellent Oyntment to cool and allay any Inflamation ibid. An excellent Oyntment or rather Balsom to be inwardâ— given a Horse for Obstructions Bruises and otheâ— Ailments and Grievances P. 16â— To make a green Oyntment proved by Experience morâ— effectual than what has formerly been published ibid. An excellent Remedy for the Staggers or any Pain thaâ— suddenly takes a Horse sometimes to the loss of hâ— life ibid. An excellent Salve for any Wound P. 16â— An approved Salve to draw any stub thorn or splinter 〈◊〉 Bone or Wood out of the flesh ibid. To fill a Wound Vlcer or the like with good flesh an excellent Plaster P. 16â— A Salve to draw Corruption from the bottom of aâ— Wound or to draw a Swelling or any such grievance to a head ibid. To ripen a Tumour or asswage any Swelling not abounâ—ing with extraordinary humours ibid. An excellent Poultis for a Tumour or Swelling ibid. A Charge to ease a pain in the Back or for any Sprain P. 16â— To mollifie any Chap or rough Sore ibid. For the Eyes of a Horse afflicted by any means an approved Water to cure or ease them ibid. A Water to Wash the Mouth in case of any Sorrance 〈◊〉 defect P. 16â— A Pill good for any Internal disorder c. ibid. A Supplement exceeding good for any strain or grief 〈◊〉 the Sinews c. ibid. A Vomit for a Horse that has a Queesy stomach there 〈◊〉 to render him a good Appetite ibid. To purge Melancholy P. 16â— To purge Phlegm ibid. CHAP. XXV CLysters how to make them and on what occasion they ought to be applied in order to their effectual working and bringing away bad humours P. 167 〈◊〉 case of any Pestilential disease occasioned by a cholerick or firey humour ibid. For any Internal distemper proceeding from Melancholy P. 168 For any distemper Internal occasioned by sanguine corrupt Blood or waâ—ry Humours by means of bad concoction or obstruction c. ibid. For Sickness in general an approved Clyster ibid. â—n case of Restringency or hard Binding P. 169 CHAP. XXVI Cordials Cordial-Powders Drinks and Drenches Purgations and Suppositories wonderfully conducing to the health and strength of a horse P. 170 Diapente an excellent Powder in case of any cold or Pestilential diseases ibid. An excellent Cordial-Ball to be given in case of any Internal distemper and especially to prevent the Consumption or wasting of any part c. ibid. An excellent Drench to cure any Internal distemper proceeding from any of the four Humours of the Body c. especially such as are Pestilential P. 171 â—uppositories and their Vse ibid. CHAP. XXVII PErfumes Baths and Purgations what they are and to what end they serve with the Manner how and under what Considerations they ought to be applied Page 173 Directions for Purging according to the estate and condition of Your House Page 174 CHAP. XXVIII COsticks Corrosives and Rowelling what they are for what causes and in what manner to be applied Page 176 Rowelling what it is and how to be performed Page 177 THE CONTENTS OF THE Second PART CHAP. I. THE Manner of Breaking a Horse the best way and perfecting him in his Paces c. and preserving him from danger c. Page 181 CHAP. II. HOW the Jockies made Old horses look young A lean horse artificially and naturally how fatned by Jockies A Remedy for Restiffness Neighing and the vice of Lying down in the Water The Art of making Stars Snips Blazes setting on false Ears Tails Manes c. Page 189 A Horse subject to lye down in the Water how to remedy it Page 190 A Tired or Restiff Horse to remedy Page 191 To prevent the Troublesomeness of a Horse's Neighing which may prove disadvantageous to the Master especially in time of War. ibid. If a Horse be dull and will not feel the Spur without much wounding c. Page p. 192 To make a lean Horse artificially far or to seem so to the Buyer ibid. To make a lean horse really fat the best and cheapest way Page 193 To make the hair of a Horse that stands rough and staring smooth and sleek 194 To make Hair come where it is thin or to take it away where it is thick ibid. Stars Blazes Snips what they are and how to make them for Ornament or Disguise in any part of the Horse where they may be conveniently scituate 195 To make a Black Star in a white horse 196 To make a Blaze-Royal 198 The loss of Ears how to supply 190
bathe therewith the Legs or Thighs from above the Knee and from the Cambrels downwards or for want of these Neats-foot Oyl after which chafe it in with your hands and in often so doing in all places where you see occasion you will wonderfully restore his Limbs rendring them supple and plyable There are many things to be observed from the Sweating of a Horse especially from that which proceeeds without External force occasioned by hard labour or the like for then is the Horse faint foul fed or wanteth Exercise to evaporate the abundance of watery humours which he hath contracted And especially this is to be noted when his Sweat is white and frothy like a Lather of Soap but in case of Heats and other considerable labour to create Sweat if it appear black and pearly like clear water then is the Horse in a good plight oâ— habit of Body especially if he be lively and brisk not in the least afflicted with any shaking or trembling for that infers the Sweat forced out by some Internal disorder rather than naturally evaporated And now seeing the Causes of Sickness are very material to be known that is from whence they arise that so the Skill in Curing may be the greater and the Remedies to be applied more powerfull and certain in their Operation as also the causes of health and long life Take for your better Experiment what you find in the subsequent Chapter CHAP. XVI Of the Elementary parts of a Horse's Body and of the Agreement of the Humours therewith A discourse of Corruption and Generation in which is set forth all things of that kind relating to Goodness or Badness Health or Sickness c. CErtain it is that no Man can truly pretend to Experience of this kind unless he duly weigh the Nature of Generation and Corruption for on them as on the Collumns of this Art stand what is material of this kind These two being ever consonant in the main though one Horse's body may differ in Constitution from the other for these being the Suparlative of Elementary subsistance or matter fail not to operate in their turns or as Nature disposes them in their places and degrees and therefore it will be highly convenient to discover them in their Parts and Particles As for the Body of a Horse it differs not in Elementary composition from that of a Man for of all the Elements it consists viz. Fire Air Earth and Water which are indeed the Generatives and Consumers of all Mortal things and beings And although these Elements are different in themselves yet are frequently agreeable in the Composition for the Fire though hot and dry in it self yet compounded with the other Elements in a Mortal frame or bodily composition diffuses a gentle heat to nourish and support life Though the Air is hot and moist but more participating of the latter yet does it temperate the heat of the former and gives a kind respiration and gentle breathing to refresh and exhilerate each Part and Particle The Earth though it is in it self gross and ponderous yet in this composition is it rarified and by its substantial matter composes the frame wherein the rest of the Elements cohabit and being cold and dry serves to temperate the hot and moist The Water though cold and moist in it self serves in this case to moisten and render plyable the Sublunar works of Nature and enabling them to subsist And of these four Mothers of Creation participate more immediately the four humours of which the Bodies of Animal and Rational Creatures are composed as Choler Blood Melancholy and Phlegm the first of Fire the second of Air the third of Earth and the fourth to Water And as these more or less operate so according to their qualities is the Body moved and exposed to heat cold moisture or dryness and consequently to the effects they produce for these have their principal Dominion in the Seats of Life and from thence extend their power and force to every part and member As thus Phlegm possesses the Brain Choler and Blood the Liver and Heart and Melancholy the Spleen which is the Recepticle and Conveyancer of the Excrements of the Liver all of them having distinctly and conjunctly their proper office assigned As thus the Blood is the principal nourisher of the natural frame Phlegm or Moisture renders the Members flexible and complyant in motion and use Choler causeth digestion by its Operative heat and Melancholy disposes to an Appetite and attracteth the grosser parts of Nutrimental Elements and occasioneth the disburthening of Nature It is generally agreed on by the Learned That every Organical-body is supported by four principal instrumental Members and these are held to be the Brain Heart Liver and Genitors these performing their particular offices and functions Por as the Sinews are supported by the Brain the seat of Animal Spirits the Arteries from the Heart or seat of Vital Spirits the Veins which are natural parts from the Liver so the Seminal Vessels are supported by the Genital Parts or Instruments of Generation and these conjoyntly operating are the Elementary Substitutes as participating of their Nature and consequently the Materials of Generation Thus having briefly discoursed of the Elementary parts of the Bodies of Creatures I now proceed from the four Humours Elements and Instrumental Members to the Natural faculties which in this case are the next things to be considered which are Eating Retaining Concocting and Expelling and though all the Humours are Instrumental in promoting these yet principally Nature serves her self but of only one to work upon and that is a wheyish kind of Blood generated in the Liver or attracted thereby from the purest part of such nutriment as has been concocted in the stomach and from thence conveying it self to the Liver and through the great Vein conveying nutriment into all its branches and consequently into all the parts of the Body by dispersing the Rarified blood into every part which by the help of the other Humours supports the frame of Nature As for the watery part of nourishment and that of the grosser substance the one is carried into the Bladder and the other passing into the Bowels are in the end cast out of the Body to make room for more of the like nature But moreover there are two Veins that conduct part of the purest and rarified matter into the Seminal Vessels where by the operation and contractions of the Generative parts it is refined by a gentle heat to a more spirituous quality and so in the end becomes Seed which according to the goodness or badness mixed in the Womb proves effectual or ineffectual for note that if the thin and subtil Blood be wanting to support the Seed and enliven it with heat it frequently fails in performing its office and the Horse becomes frigid and uncapable of performance and is often subject to moist diseases as the Glaunders often proceeding from the Liver and Lungs when they are infected with
putrefaction occasioned by moist Rheums and other indigested Moistures dedescending on them or Inflamations occasioned by Lumps Knots or Kernels under the Chaul proceeding from cold or immoderate labour and many times the Mourning of the Chine by a Horse's immoderate Leaping a Mare or over-straining himself in the action And this may likewise happen by his eating too much raw meat or drinking upon a suddain heat and many other ways which when I come to treat of Diseases I shall largely discourse on But first I shall proproceed to let you know how Horses ought to be used to prevent their contracting Diseases as much as in the superficial Schemes of Art the greatest Artists of this kind have allowed and the means are chiefly five as Cleansing Blood-letting Purging Sweating and Vomiting The first of these may be said to be twofold as outward and inward the first being by cleansing his external Parts by care and good dressing which ought the more diligently to be observed upon his being taken up from Grass and the time limited for that by the curious is Bartholomew-tide for then the heart of the Grass beginneth to decline And this may be done in the manner which I have often recited in what relates to Dressing nor is it at all inconsistent with Reason that the cleansing the Skin from dust and dirt and loosening it in every part by gentle rubbing should enliven the Horse and render him more sprightly so that Nature having her free course and progress without restraint may opperate in dispersing kind refreshment to every part and keep those gross humours from setling that are frequently the origiâ—al of Diseases and Grievances and if so it happen that your Horse be mirey and foul then may you use Fulling-earth Soap and other scowring Materials especially with warm Water but then having an especial care he catch not cold thereupon keeping him warm and well drying him till he be thorowly cold and in so doing you will prevent those moist Diseases wherewith he is otherwise afflicted And the better to effect this cut away all the superfluous hairs that any way anoy the body or other parts c. And so being shooed and neatly dressed I leave him to the Second Part which consists in the Internal cleansing and purging Directions for which in consideration of more immediate or particular Directions take in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII How a Horse ought to be used in general and particular as to his Physick Diet and Looking to for the preservation of him even to old Age. THough I have named what I intend to propose in the foregoing Pages yet let not the Reader considering the consequence and validity of what I shall here propose think it amiss that I select a Chapter for no other purpose and that the advantage may neither be delayed nor appear small in the Eyes of the Reader or Practitioner take a prospect of it in the following Directions As for inward Purging the measures ought to be taken from the temperature of the Horse's body and more especially in case of his retirement at such a time that no hard labour or immoderate exercise has been imposed on him And in this case if you find him costive or that in case of Evacuation nature help not as in usual cases let some one with a small Arm penetrate his Fundament and draw thence the Dung that obstructs or at least clogs the fluent or natural passage that so both the natural and artificial Motions and Causes proceeding from Drugs or composition of Purgation may opperate and perfect their intended design and may be best administred Clyster-wise But then consider the constitution of your Horse If he be fat and somewhat inclining to foulness it must be a strong potion that will effectually opperate but not so if the Horse be weak and melancholy But waving 'em here I shall speak more particularly of them in due place as also of Drinks which ought to be made and seasonably given for the preventing sickness and preservation of health and if you find the Blood coagulated which may be perceived by the trembling of the Veins and the working of it therein then it is requisite to let him Blood and give him a gentle Vomit to carry the foulness from off the stomach that may be the occasion of bad digestion and consequently of the naughtiness of the Blood Dieting him with Mashes and fine Provender from which may spring such wholsome nutriment as may create a thin and airy Blood rubbing and often anointing his Body with Hogs Lard or Ointment of Marshmallows And now to be satisfied what things mostly contribute to health take the following Opinions of the Learned viz. A good natural constitution good digestion good nourishment moderation in feeding and diet moderation in labour and sleeping moderation in leaping Mares Again wholsome Airs not laboured too soon after Grass to be kept from raw Meats not to drink nor eat being hot ever observing to walk him at the end of any Journey and not to Physick him unless you find occasion And these observances being the occasion of long life I shall endeavour for the better satisfaction of the Reader more fully to demonstrate them As for Nature good Digestion and sound Nutriment they ought to be consonant and indeed they are well proportioned when neither the moisture with its humidity is not so predominant as to quench and over-power the heat nor the extraordinary heat too suddainly consume the moisture though of necessity the latter must be of force above the former or else Digestion cannot be perfected as it ought and in that case seasonable nourishment must consequently fail Moderation in Eating is another main cause of long life as immoderate Eating is of a short one For as excess in Eating though the Provender be never so good and wholsome obstructs good digestion and contracts crudities with a bad habit of stomach so on the contrary spare Diet weakens and decays Nature and infeebles the natural powers and faculties of Life giving the heat by that means a power absolutely to subdue and conquer the Radical moisture and gives Diseases an opportunity to break in upon the infeebled body which prove many times too hard for the Farrier for in all Creatures observe that the weaker Nature is the stronger is the distemper Another cause of health and long life proceeds from moderate and kind labour for by indifferent motion digestion is much forwarded and the humours dispersed being by that means prevented from setling more than is requisite in any one place besides it is the cause that Excrements are sooner voided which by lying long in the body might occasion sickness And further observe that he be not laboured upon a full stomach so as by over-straining digestion may be hindred which should turn to nutriment and lay a foundation for Diseases by indigested Crudities being too suddainly drawn into the Veins and by that means dispersed into all parts of the Body
Another cause there is of the like nature that depends upon the moderateness of sleeping and waking for too much waking is an enemy to health by spending the vital spirits that should support and maintain life and a decaying that moisture that should refresh the several parts of the body causing thereby Leanness and Barrenness a dulling of the Brain and a defect in the Lungs and Liver whose offices it weakens by decaying the vigor in the performance and contrary to this excessive sleeping dozes the brain hinders digestion and obstructs nature in the performance of her offices contracting noxious vapours and a foulness of the stomach Another thing to be considered is that your Horse be not admitted to spend himself too much upon Mares because such immoderate exercise weakens the Brain Back and Eyes wastes the Vital Spirits and often shortens the days of many a brave Horse and therefore if you would have your Horse last long let him not cover above three or four Mares in a year at the most or if your conveniency will not at all times admit you to keep him from them then Geld him whilst young for it is ever observed that a Gelding lives longer naturally than a Stoned-horse and a Mule than them both because he is not subject to generation Wholsome Air above all things is to be chosen for that rarifies the blood helps digestion and comforteth the Vital spirits when-as gross Air or evil scents not only make the Horse loath his Provender but corrupt the Blood and subject the whole body to diseases Travelling after Grass too soon without purging and cleansing the Horse's body cause the bad humours to incorporate or by spreading themselves to afflict each part with pains and disorders reducing the Horse to a dullness of temper and disposition and so raw meats engender raw flegmatick humours afflicting the Stomach and Brain occasioning the Glaunders Coughs Catarrhs Stavers Yellows Anticors and Morfoundring not only disable the Horse but if neglected become incurable but by death Another cause there is and that not to be lightly regarded which is not to suffer your Horse to eat or drink when hot and to stand thereon for by so doing the Blood will corrupt and putrifie occasioning Surfeits Feavers Obstructions and many the like Maladies and Grievances frequently occasioning death But as soon as you bring him home in that condition put him into a warm Stable without washing Rub or cause him to be well rubbed down Cloath him well and let him have a sufficient quantity of warm Litter to stand on and if he be subject to eat it put on his Muzzle and so let him stand an hour or more till his grease be sufficiently cooled and you 'l find him in a fit condition to give him his Provender And lastly that he may be well breathed and sound winded thereby being enabled to hold out as occasion shall require you may at seasonable times mix with his Provender the Powder of these following Seeds and Drugs c. viz. Cummin and Anniseeds Powder of Licoris and Ellecampane-Roots Farberries Brimstone Flower and the Roots of white Lillies Hysop Horehound Savin Coltsfoot the Seeds of Marshmallows Rue and Polipodium of the Oak and any of the like quality that will occasion good Wind and prevent Infections purifie the Blood and help the Liver in the performance of its office that is to rarifie the nutriment by a good digestion but you must not mix over-much at a time especially when you first begin it least he take disgust at the scent or taste and so reject his Provender but increase the quantity by degrees not giving him any above twice a week and then let it be Morning and Evening CHAP. XVIII An exact Description of the Veins of a Horse how scituate in the Body as also of Blood-letting and how and upon what account of Sickness or other defect they are to be opened for the prevention of death or danger HAving thus far discoursed in Generals and Partiticulars of what relates to a good Horse or Mare of any sort or kind that thereby the Reader might instruct himself I shall proceed to what yet remains material to be known especially to Farriers and such who undertake the Cure of Horses which is to give an account of the several parts of the Body so as they may be distinguished as occasion shall require but especially of such parts as shall be found most usefull on immergent matters and the Veins being the pipes or conduits that carry off Blood and consequently nutriment to all parts of the Body I think it highly convenient to say something in the first place of them From the Liver note there ariseth one large Vein which like a conduit supplies the rest of the branches which are many in number and spread themselves throughout the Body like little Rivolets or streams And of these two material ones are found in the Palate of the Mouth above the first and third Barrs which ought to be opened by a discreet Farrier when the Horse is afflicted with any Malignant pain or disease in the Head or Stomach Two more there are that descending which from the lower part of the Eyes descend to the Nostrils and are best opened when the Eyes are afflicted with any distemper or grievance Two others there are above his Eyes which are called Temple-Veins because they run cross the Temples and these are generally opened for cold diseases in the Head. Two great ones there are likewise that run along the Wind-pipe by the sides of it from the uppermost Joynt of his Chaps to the Breast commonly called Neck-Veins and these are opened for sundry diseases being the most usual Veins that are opened There are two other Veins that arise from between the fore-legs and are called Breast-Veins because they end on the top of the Breast and these are opened in case of Surfeits Feavers or Heart-sickness Two others there are which ascend from the fore-legs but rise not so high as those before mentioned and these rest upon the foremost bough of the fore-leg and are generally called Plat-Veins and are opened in case of Foundering or any other grief or grievance in the Legs or Limbs Other two there are that pass from the Elbow of the fore-shoulder down along the inside of the fore-legs being known by the name of Shank-Veins which are generally opened in case of Splents Spavins Mallenders or Sallenders c. Then are there four Veins which run along the Fetlocks of the Horse known by the name of Shackle-Veins and these although they are small are yet important ones and by bleeding cure the stiffness of the Joynts and prevent Foundering Then are there four more about the Corronets in his Hoofs called Corronet-Veins and are opened for the Ring-bone and Surbating In the Hoof are four more which circle his Toes called Toe-Veins and are opened for fretting and foundering Two great Veins there are that descending from his Stones pass along the inside
of his Thighs to his Cambrels and these are called Kidney-Veins and are opened with success for diseases in the Reins and Kidneys Two others there are which descending from above the hinder Cambrils pass along on the inside of the hinder-legs down to the Fetlocks being called the Spavin-Veins and are seldom opened unless in case of the Blood-spavin Two Veins are likewise found in his Flanks from whence they take their denomination and are opened successfully for any pain or grief in the Fillets or Reins Two Veins he has in his Haunches called by the name of Haunch-Veins and are opened in case of falling away or consumption of the Flesh Hideboundness or the like Two there are that run along the side of the Belly from the Elbow to the Flank and are called Spur-Veins and in case of fretting belly-foundring spur-gall festring or swelling of the belly or flank they are opened with success In his Tail is one single Vein called the Tail-Vein which is opened in case of sheading the Hair so that in all there are found as a compleat number of principal Veins or as from which Blood is taken on sundry occasions thirty seven in knowing which any Man may understand how to let his Horse blood in case of the before-mentioned Distempers at such times as a Farrier is not at hand Many other small Veins there are but so inconsiderable to our purpose that I shall not undertake them in this place but proceed to speak somewhat of the Sinews which is another Material part of this noble Creature worthy to be inspected CHAP. XIX A Discourse of the Sinews and their Scituation together with their Use and Office and what further in that kind is to be observed as to the state of a Horse's Body c. with the Description of the Bones c. SEeing the Sinews are the principal Ligaments that support the frame of a Horse's Body and so convenient to be known in order to the remedying sundry griefs and disorders it will be highly necessary to speak of them in their order and especially of so many of them as are the principal movers of the Body As for the fountain or source from whence the Sinews spring and by which they are nourished it is the Brain for there passes through the hollow of the Neck one large Tendon or Sinew which running along the back-bone continues its course even to the end of the Tail And from this proceeds two small branches which passing through the Scull fall down along the Horse's cheeks to the points of the Nostrils Two other branches there are which pass through holes in the neither Chap knitting it with the other and so pass along by the great Teeth meeting just beneath the neither lip Then are there twenty eight small strings that running through the seven Bones that compose the Neck knit them together and passing from thence use their office in knitting likewise the Chine even to the Strunt Then are there two great ones that stretch themselves over the Spade-bones and then dividing into divers branches spread in a descending manner into the Legs even into the Hoofs and in their progress knit every Joynt together Besides what I have named there are two main Sinews coming through two holes to the flat bones of the Hips or Huckle and from thence being divided into many branches pass down into the hinder-legs even into the coffin of the Hoofs binding all the Joynts firmly together Now above all these there is one main Sinew or Ligament proceeding from the setting-on of the Horse's Neck which passes along the Chine and is one entire Sinew of near three inches broad being in its nature flat and not having any branch proceeding from it And this is the great strengthener of the Back and Neck of any Horse and holdeth the Shoulder-blades firm so that in all it is reckoned a Horse hath no less than thirty principal Sinews whence a great number of other Sinews do proceed of lesser note But these which I have named are so usefull in supporting the frame of the body that if any one of them are afflicted the Horse will be much afflicted c. And now the next thing material to be known of this kind is the number of Bones and their scituation which according to the best account that has been given take as followeth The full number of Bones found in the body of a Horse are a hundred and seventy viz. the upper part of the Head are computed two bones from the Forehead to the Nose are two more the neither Jaws are computed two Bones the four Teeth are found to be twelve the Tushes four and the Grinders twenty four the Bones in the Necks from the Spade-bone to the Huckle-bone eight from the Huckle-bones to the end of the Tail are accounted seven Next or at least next to be considered is a broad bone in which are found twelve Seams or Joynts Then the two Spade-bones and after them the Forcales or Canale-bones and subsequent to these those that are commonly called the Marrow-bones and from thence to the Knees two called the Thigh-bones next to them two others proceeding from thence to the Pasterns called the Shank-bones and so downward into the Hoof other Bones called the Supporters in all sixteen though some of them are very small In the Breast there is a great Bone whereunto thirty six Ribs great and small are appendances and to the Colume behind are afixed two Bones and from the Molars to the Joynts you will find other two Bones and two more towards the bending of the Ribs from the bending of the Ribs unto the Ribs are two Bones though very small in comparison of those we account Capital ones and from the Legs to the two Focils of the Legs are to be found other two little Bones And moreover observe that from the Pasterns to the Hoof and in the Hoof are sixteen little Bones All which are ruled and governed by Ligaments and tends on to the best advantage or complacency in the frame of nature and are necessary to be known as to the frame and station wherein they reside or are scituate From which I proceed to the Art of Phlebotomy or letting Blood and the seasons and distempers that require it c. CHAP. XX. Of Blood-letting in general and how to know by sundry signs and tokens the state of a Horse's Body when and where it is convenient to let him Blood for the preventing of Sickness or recovery of Health IN consideration that Bleeding is held by many and those none of the worst Experienced to prevent distempers and disorders in Horses if the times and seasons are rightly observed and the Disease according to what has been mentioned I shall not fail to give Instructions of all kinds any way tending or relating to this matter so far as may consist with any purpose or what thereby is intended to the good or advantage of a Horse And of these Directions in their order To
let a Horse Blood too often decays Nature and much weakens the Horse when on the other side too long to defer it gives corrupt Blood an opportunity to create Diseases that infect and afflict him if it be done for healths sake without any sign of apparent danger then is twice in a year sufficient The times best approved of for this office are the end of December and the beginning of May. Now some are of opinion that there is no need of letting a Stone-horse Blood if he be used to cover Mares unless some disease be apparent and the reason they give is that his spending does exhaust his Blood sufficiently But such a reason is very weak considering the Blood of which the Seed is made by the working and operation of the Genital Parts is the most spirited and and pure of all other and that which ought to be taken away by Blood-letting is commonly the most gross and offensive so that it will never turn to Seed but corrupt by continuing in the Body and create Diseases and therefore ought it to be drawn off that the Veins being emptied may fill with better Blood nay Blood-letting is coveted naturally by some Horses for the Horses of Poland often let themselves blood by often rubbing against a sharp Post or Rock And so does the River Horse in Niius from whose Example 't is held that Phlebotomy or Blood-letting came in use Others there are that will not have Geldings let Blood and the reason they give is that his Body through the loss of his Genitors being infeebled wants the Blood to support and corroborate it and that it consumes faster in him than in a Stone-horse But this bears no weight for the Blood will increase according to the constitution of the Horse and his feeding and according to the heat or coldness of the Country the Horse is bred in the less or more Blood is found in him The next Material matter to be regarded is the exact time when it ought to be performed and most hold it best in the Morning when the Horse is fasting an hour after he wakes or rouses up And then again have regard to the Moon it being in the encrease if possible but by no means in the Sign where the Vein is scituate that you open least thereby your Horse be weakned for then the Vital spirits will issue with the blood And another regard is to be had to his Age for if he be very old you must not bleed him unless upon some emergent occasion but suffer his Blood to nourish him that his Flesh may not wain or decrease And in all these cases you must have regard to a Horse's constitution for some are more capable of losing three pound of Blood than others are two or one or in case of a Disease according as more or less is required as the Blood is more or less infected and in such a case no time nor season is to be regarded but as necessity requires for many times Blood-letting in such cases is a means to save the Horse as deferring of it is to the destroying of him And in these or the like cases it ought to be known in what Diseases it is requisite and that it may in the general be discovered by these Signs Viz. If the Horse's Eyes look red and his Veins rise and swell beyond the ordinary bounds then is he oppressed with too much Blood or at least that which is not good If you perceive by his Itching scrubbing himself and uneasiness that there is a salt firey humour contracted in the Veins then let him Blood which is more immediately known by the extraordinary itching of the Mane and Tail by rubbing of which the Hair frequently sheds and the Skin peels off If his Urin be red and high-coloured and his Dung very hot black and hard If on his Back there appear little Bubles or Inflamations red and angry or if his Meat be not well digested then they denote the Horse to abound with Blood and stand in need of having it drawn off to a degree that his health may be preserved or restored If the Whites of his Eyes are tainted with yellowness or the like happen to his upper or neither Lip it is requisite to bleed him for upon the happening of any of these Signs the Blood is disordered super-abundant or corrupted and some fatal sickness is threatned To prevent or at least mittigate which there is no better way than bleeding And in the manner of letting Blood when you have corded your Horse conveniently that the Veins may appear full and fair you may strike your Fleam in the Neck-Veins four Inches on this side the setting-on of the Head but the other Veins being small you must open them with a Lancet for fear of cutting them through and so consequently injure the Nerves that support them And thus much for Blood-letting and the Signs of Bleeding c. From which I shall proceed to what relates to Cures of all kinds whether Internal Diseases or External Sorrances after the best and easiest manner and method according to the approved Rules and Directions of the ablest Farriers and Horsleeches that are and have been rendred famous for their Skill not only in this but in divers other Nations and withall let you plainly understand the cause of the most Chronical diseases as well as the means to Cure them rendring the method and manner easie to the Practitioner and advantageous to those that trade in Horses and keep them for their profit or pleasure But before I absolutely enter upon them there are a few things necessary to be considered and especially five Viz. 1. To inform ones self to what grief or distemper a Horse is inclinable 2. The cause from whence it proceeds whether External or Internal 3. The tokens and symptoms by which the distemper is known 4. By what means the Causes accrue that create the distemper 5. How to apply Remedies fitting to the distempers and disorders And these are so absolutely necessary that without such knowledge a perfect cure cannot be wrought by any Farrier And now as for the Diseases and Grievances incident to a Horse they are not a few those that reckon the least consent to sixty of different natures and to be plain there are many more which may be called dependants on these or indeed some of them no less dangerous But submitting to the Judgment of the Learned I now come to another Material Point which relates mostly to the Chyrurgical part or Methods to be taken and known in the curing Sorrances c. which indeed are the most difficult and then I shall proceed in order CHAP. XXI A Description of Diseases Grievances or Sorrances incident to Horses c. to foresee them by sundry signs and tokens and know whence they arise with the ways and methods of Preventing Redressing and Curing them by Approved Rules and Remedies according to the Practice of the best Farriers in all Ages
c. MAny are the terms and names given to Grievances and Sorrances and these frequently take their denomination from the place of their scituation relating to the parts of the Body and chiefly arise or proceed from the evil state or habit of the Body and defect of the Members especially when there happens a loosning and division of the Unity or a Dissonance in the temperature and so we say when any division or loosning happen in the Bone it is a Fracture if it happen in the Veins it is a Rupture and in the Flesh a Wound or Ulcer in the Sinews it is termed the Cramp or Convulsion and in the Skin an Excoriation And now observe that in Cauterizing or Burning which may be done two manner of ways viz. with hot Oyls or Water or with a hot Iron as also in making Incision or the like that they ever be done with caution above or beneath the Vein or Sinew and never upon them least by the discommodity that may arise the Horse be rather damaged than furthered And again observe never to apply to Veins or Sinews any extraordinary Corrosives and these we reckon so are Arsnick Sublimate-Mercury Resalgar Oyl of Vitriol Tartar c. In case of Cauterizing ever observe rather to Launce with a hot Iron than a cold one and rather cauterize than cut because by the heat the humours are driven back which would otherwise render the Sore or Grief of long continuance and by the product of a Sore in the Original you may know the constitution of a Horse for if he be sanguine a whitish watery Excressence will flow of an indifferent thickness if Cholerick a thin salt one inclining to greenish if Flegmatick a kind of a gellied-water and if Melancholick then a gross blackish moisture attended by a dry Scab or Scurf In case of Swelling or Tumors it will be necessary with heed to mark the place they begin in as also their progress and ending that so the part of the body afflicted with bad humours may have Applications sutable to remove them Now if it so happen that the Swellings or Tumors be not upon any master Vein or Sinew or too near the Vital parts then may Repercussive Medicines be used but if so then those that are mollifying to raise it gently by degrees that so being ripened it may break of it self or if necessity require it be Lanced that the Corruption passing away such things may be applied that with a Lenitive softness may heal the grief In case the swelling be hard it is generally Corrosive and must have such Medicaments applied but if soft those of a more supple nature will prevail though many happen to be of a long continuance And now to know whether a Swelling has been of a long continuance press it with your finger and if the dint continue after you have taken your finger away then is it old and of a long standing but if the flesh suddainly return then is it newly taken If a Swelling or Sore be broken and moderately matter then it signifies a good constitution and that it mends apace but if the Putrefaction greatly encrease then it denotes a mass of bad humours there contracted which must by degrees be brought away and many times in this or the like cases is Cauterizing actually or potentially used that is with hot Irons or with Liquids c. of which I have before spoken above or beneath the Sore to divert or keep back the humour And now to that which relates to Cures c CHAP. XXII Excellent Receipts for the Cure of Diseases c. in Horses or Mares according to the best Experience of skilfull Practitioners Many of which were never before made publick AS the Causes of Sickness are many so are the Cures or Medicines wherewith they are redressed and the Signs that fore-run and attend them which I have given in Generals and Particulars Yet seeing something of this kind may remain untouched I shall take them in the way as I proceed Now of Sicknesses there are two kinds one that possesseth the whole body as Convulsions Feavers Pestilence and such-like general disorders and contagions infecting the Blood and others but a part of the Body as Vertigoes Head-ach Yellows and the like yet both many times prove equally dangerous and destructive The Glaunders from what it proceeds and how to Cure it The Glaunders is a distemper often gotten by over-riding and suddain cooling upon heats eating too much raw food at unseasonable times or continuing in wet moorish ground proceeding from a flegmatick constitution And this you may perceive before it take too firm a possession by a white matter issuing from the Horse's Nostrils and his unseasonable snorting And this Disease having its seat properly in the Head Take of the green Leaves of a Box-tree an ounce of Anniseeds and the like quantity of Licorish-powder steep them in Ale or new Milk to the quantity of a quart adding Treacle four ounces and the like quantity of Olive-oyl heat them well over a gentle fire and with a horn give the Horse the liquid part to drink in the Morning fasting as hot as may be well endured then give him a moderate Course and bringing him home let him have a warm Mash Cloath him up and leave him in a warm Stable for the space of two hours before you feed him The Quinzey in a Horse c. what it is and how to Cure it The Quinzey is a distemper occasioned by flegmatick humours setling in the Neck or Throat so that the passage of the breath is in a manner stopped and the beast obliged to breathe with a more than ordinary pain and labour To remove them then and redress the grievance after having bled him in the Neck-vein Take Marshmallows Groundsel Cammomoil and Harts-Tongue bray them with a like quantity of Smallage and fry them with Hogs-grease so being very hot apply them to the place which ought to be under the Chaul and they will mollifie the swelling and by degrees remove the obstruction of the passage Then take Roach-Allum Honey and white Dogs-turd dissolve them with brown Sugar-candy in a quart of Milk give it him hot and so continue to do for a week together Morning and Evening renewing likewise the Poltis once a day A Horse's Bleeding at the Nose how to stay or prevent it This happens especially amongst young Horses through the abundance of Blood that through the free passage of the large Veins ascends into the Head and passing to the thin Veins within the Nostrils either by its violent motion forces them or by its corrosive quality eats them in sunder or it may accidentially happen by a stroak or violent straining To remedy which Take the Juyce of Nettles mixed with Loaf-sugar and squirt it up the Horse's Nostrils using at convenient times to burn under his Nose Storax Frankincense or Linnen dipped in Aquavitae in a Chafing-dish the fume of which will oblige the Blood to retreat
rather than good blood and the latter by feeding the heat which otherwise would decay that consumes the Radical moisture The help for this is first feeding the Horse by degrees suffering a regular digestion and the latter by giving him cooling things to allay the heat and moderate the Appetite are the best things to reduce him to a due temperature and managed diet as has been said but more particularly give him a quart of Cream a pint of White-wine boiled with a handfull of Wood-sorrel and the like quantity of Scabeous or Mugwort the liquid part only Let him take it cold and rest upon it and it will close the Veins to that degree that the digestion may be made perfect as also it will allay the heat Yellow and Black Jaundice in a Horse the Cause and Cure c. The Yellow Jaundice generally arises from the abundance of cholerick humours contracted which occasion the over-flowing of the Gall and are great oppressors of the body and obstructors of health and the signs are the yellowness of the Mouth-skin insides of the Lips and Eyes There is another kind of this disease that proceeds from Melancholy and these are called the Black Jaundice and have their original from Obstructions in the Liver-vein which passeth to the Spleen and consequently hinders the Spleen from doing its proper office by receiving only corrupted Blood from the Liver and so is obliged by reason of its being surcharged to cast it back into the Veins And this latter in case of death as indeed being most dangerous mastereth the former but a timely regard may remove them as thus Take after you have blooded your Horse in the third Barr of the Mouth an ounce of Turmerick and half an ounce of Saffron four or five Cloves and six spoonfulls of strong Vinegar Long-Pepper and Licoras beaten fine of each an ounce with the like quantity of Burdock-roots boil them in two quarts of Ale till a third or at least a fourth part be consumed and give it him to drink very hot and in so doing you will find the bad humours disperse and by degrees losing their force by the opperation of nature and the conquering quality of the Medicament but if it be too long delay'd it many times runs beyond the help of Art. Costiveness from whence it proceeds and its Remedy This disorder is a hardning of the Excrements in the body so that without great pain the Horse cannot evacuate or void his Dung and this is often occasioned by excess of Provender insomuch that nature forces it into the Bowels before it be well digested in the stomach or again it happens by feeding altogether upon dry Meats the which though wholsome and nourishing contract notwithstanding the Excrements by the extraordinary heat they occasion and it may likewise happen by excessive fasting To remedy which you may give him a Clyster made in this manner Take a handfull of Marshmallows decoct them in Spring-water not exceeding a quart add to these half a pint of Salad-oyl and six ounces of fresh Butter of Benedicta Laxativa an ounce and force them warm up his Fundament holding or tying close his Tail by bringing it with a cord between his Legs obliging him to keep it in for the space of an hour And the beteer to make it work give him a warm Mash and as soon as he has discharged it give him in a Drenching-horn a potion made after this manner Take two ounces of Castle-soap dissolve it in a pint of warm White-wine and with it a quarter of a pint of Linseed-oyl sweetning them all with Sugar-candia and give it him as hot as he can drink it The Cramp or Convulsion in the Nerves or Sinews how occasioned together with the Remedy c. These generally proceed from some bruise wound or other hurt on the Nerves or Sinews or excessive straining especially where the Horse after a great heat by riding or servile labour suddainly cools This grievance is known by the trembling of the Joynts Nerves or Veins or by their contracting to such a stubbornness or stiffness that for a time neither the Horse nor those that attempt to help him are capable of bending them To cure this Take Cammomoil Primrose-leaves the Roots of Crowfeet and Cowslips with the Branches of Fennel Rosemary and Pimpernel boil them in Running-water and having pressed out the liquid part bathe the place grieved with it exceeding hot binding on the Herbs Poltis-ways with course Linnen or bands made of Straw or Hay and keeping him in a warm Stable with good Provender his Limbs will be restored and rendered as before and the better to hearten him let him receive for a Morning or two the Yolk of an Egg in a Glass of Canary The Mourning of the Chine its Cause and the means to Cure it This grievance is caused by suddainly cooling upon excessive heats standing in damp or wet places or eating such things as turn to raw humours which falling upon the Liver and Lungs frequently inflame or putrefie them so that they occasion the Horse by defect of their office to fall down suddainly and dye Therefore when you by any trembling or dullness suspect this grievance let your Horse blood and having chafed him well Take Olive-oyl and Verjuyce of each two ounces the Juyce of Sellendine and Powder of Elecampane-Roots of each an ounce warm them a little and tying his head up to the Rack pour them into his Nostrils stopping them close after it that he may be forced to sneeze and strain to cast it out after which having an ounce of the Powder of Ruburb heated in a pint of Canary give it him in a Drenching-horn as hot as he can well endure it and so use him each Morning for a week together and the bad humours will be worked off Frenzy or Madness its Original with the means to remedy it according to the Experienced way This disease is very dangerous and often terminates in death and is occasioned by hot and firey humours unseasonably mixing with the blood which by its ascending Inflamation afflicts the Brain that principal seat of life And this is known by the staring of the Horse the distorting of his Eyes hanging of his Ears Staggering and Giddiness his often crying and forsaking his Mean and if it be wrought to a hight his often beating himself against the Post Manger or other places he can conveniently come at biting stamping and flying about with many the like disorders To remedy this speedily let him Blood in the temple-Temple-veins and if he bleed not freely there strike him in the Neck-veins when having bled sufficiently Take the Roots of Gourds or wild Cucumers Black Helebore Rue and Mint with Virgo Pastoris each a handfull boil them in Beer or fair Running-water and give him the liquid part very warm and doing so three or four times it will purifie and purge the Blood but if you suppose it too weak for the Horse's constitution you may dissolve in
it an ounce of well-washed Alloes And observe in this case above all things to keep him warm The falling-Evil its Cause and Remedy This distemper is caused by a vapour that oppresses or anoys the Vital parts rendering the frame of the body for a time sensless and altogether unable to distinguish what befalls it and has its original from an evil habit of body and its approach is frequently known by the coldness of the Nose and Gristles thereabout The speedy at least the best Remedy is to let him Blood on both the neck-Neck-veins in the Morning when he is fasting and then prepare a dose of the Powder of dried Berries of Misletoe and the Powder of Harts-horn each an ounce of the Oyl of Nutmeg and Pepper each a dram compound them in half a pint of Canary and give it the Horse when you perceive the grief to be coming on him as warm as may be The sleeping-Evil what it is and the way to remedy it This is a distemper frequently occasioned by the over-moistness of the Brain or rather a watery coldness contracted within the cells which chills and numbs the Brain whereby the Horse becomes dozed heavy and stupid ever desirous to sleep yet still troubled with restless dreams and disorders and owes its original to moist feeding in Marshey-grounds whereby abundance of phlegmatick and watery humours have been contracted And in this case likewise letting Blood in both the neck-Neck-veins is much available But further to perfect the cure Take Cammomoil and Motherwort of each a like quantity boil them in a Gallon of Running-water with a pound of Treacle and a handfull of Bay-leaves and give the Horse a pint each Morning fasting as hot as he can endure it keeping him warm and fasting for the space of an hour after and then of Malt or scalded Bran make him a warm Mash The Horse-Pestilence and its Cure. The Pestilence in Horses is either contracted by bad feeding which occasions a corruption or inflamation of the Blood whereby the Heart is afflicted or it happens by being in foggy and infectious Airs or catched by contageon And in any of these cases Take Lavender a handfull the like quantity of Rue and Wormwood as also of Walnut-tree Leaves and an ounce of Alloes boil them in a quart of Water or three pints of Milk till half be consumed then add half a pound of fresh Butter or rather if you can get it half a pint of the sweetest Olive-oyl and straining out the liquid part give it the Horse fasting in the Morning blood-warm repeating a fresh dose every other Morning for the space of a week For Chest-foundering the Remedy To know whether your Horse be Chest-foundered or not observe him standing and if then he do as it were stand drawn up or crimpling with his body or stradling and covet much to lye down running sometimes backward in his going then is it apparent he is afflicted with this grievance To cure which Take Oyl of Peter half an ounce mix it with an ounce of the Oyl of Cammomoil and so proportionably a greater quantity as you see occasion and bathe the Breast with a hot Woollen cloth and when you have in that manner chafed it as well as you can run a hot Iron over it to make it sink into the Skin Do this twice or thrice and give the Horse a quarter of a pint of Salad-oyl and the like quantity of Aquavitae warmed and well mixed together over a gentle fire For an Obstruction in the Bladder or Windiness in the Bowels use this Approved Medicine Of Cake or Castle-soap take twelve ounces scrape it so that it may be rendered very small adding two ounces of Dialthaea Incorporate them well and make them up into balls as big as Pigeons Eggs and when you find your Horse afflicted as aforesaid dissolve one of them in a pint of Ale or Beer and give it him scalding-hot or so hot as he can take it without danger and it will force a passage for the Urin without much difficulty This is also good for the Stone or Gravel in the Kidneys The Pole-Evil how to know and Cure. The Pole-Evil is known by its growing bigger than ordinary on the top of the head where if you find it large take a hot Iron and sear it in a circle after the form of the Figure till the Skin become as it were of a yellowish colour then with a sharp Iron make holes in it one large one in the middle small ones circling it within the first Circle the form of the Iron which must not penetrate above half an Inch you have in the Margin The holes made as directed Take a piece of yellow Arsnick to the bigness of a Pea and divide that or a somewhat larger quantity that a part may be applied to every hole made as aforesaid and cover it over with black Soap then with Hog's Lard and Verdegrease anoint the rest of the place seared and cover it all over with a cloth dipped in the Oyl of Turpentine and so by the corrosive nature of the Arsnick the contracted swelling will be so loosened that with a little cutting or drawing off the bottom the core or cause of the grievance may be drawn out or taken away and this frequently especially according to the constitution of the Horse may be attempted in a week or ten days after the application and having washed the wound with Plantane-water wherein a small quantity of Allom has been dissolved anoint it with Oyl of Roses or Ointment of Tobacco and cover it up close from the Air anointing it once a day till the flesh fill up the hollowness and if proud flesh appear notwithstanding scald it with Salt and Butter The Fistula how to discover and cure A Fistula is the contraction and settlement of bad humours or infection into one place occasioning an Ulcerous Tumour and is best suppressed by Cauterizing in circling it round to prevent its further spreading and likewise to deny the humours that feed its access and when you have with a hot Iron circled it as the former prick it full of holes with a three-square sharp Instrument the Figure of which and of the Circle take notice of in the Margin and so use it in all respects as that of the Pole-Evil if you find it very corrupt but if it appear shallow mitigate the Corrosives to half the quantity and search it in a shorter time letting out the Corruption if it will come forth by applying Lenitives c. And when you find it begin to heal anoint it first with Oyl of Cammomoil and after that to take the effects of the fire quite away with Oyntment of Marshmallows beaten with the White of an Egg or Spermaceti Hard Kernels under the Throat how to remove Take half a pint of Brandy or Aquavitae put into it a quarter of a pound of common Soap boil them till they become thick as a Plaster and apply it Plaster-wise to the place
grieved and if no store of corruption or a contraction of evil humours attend those Kernels then will it sink them so that they will not be offensive and if there be humours it will break and disperse them For the Navel-gall the Remedy Take an indifferent fine Rag. dip it in Brandy and Sallad-oyl well incorporated over a gentle fire bathe and supple well the place grieved and to make it penetrate the better run it over afterward with an exceeding hot cloth and in often so doing the Cure will be wrought For a Blow Bruise or the like misfortune that causes a a Swelling or Tumour the Remedy If the swelling be about the Head let the Horse blood in the neck-Neck-vein on that side the misfortune befell which done to prevent the Farcy or the like Take of Anniseeds Rue Turmerick and red Sage each about an ounce shread them into a quart of Beer or Ale and suffering them to infuse therein for the space of a night press out the next morning the liquid part very hard and give it him cold to drink surfering him to fast after them for the space of four hours then having in readiness a charge made of Aquavitae and Soap spread it upon a Leather so much as will cover the swelling and your expectation will be answered The Scratches their Remedy The Scratches are a troublesome Sorrance found upon the hinder heels of a Horse on the Pasterns and somewhat above and are caused by the breaking out of evil humours setling there To cure which Take of Hen's-dung and black Soap each two ounces incorporate them with Hog's-grease or Neats-foot-oyl over a gentle fire till they become an Oyntment then having dried and rubbed the Horse's heels anoint them with it and bind on the Oyntment or Swathe the Legs with a warm cloth not suffering the Horse to come into the water And if this prove not a sufficient Remedy at several times using try this more powerfull Take Beef-broth and bathe his Legs well therewith over night and rubbing them clean the next morning take two ounces of Deer's Suet the like quantity of Speck-oyl and an ounce of Verdegrease beat them well together in half a pint of Train-oyl put them into an Earthen-pot on a gentle fire and stir them well together and anoint the place grieved chafing it in with a hot cloth keeping him out of the water and dirty ways For Foot-foundering a Remedy Having found by the lameness or crimpling of your Horse that he is foundered which mostly happens by unseasohably travelling in dirty ways and not being well regarded upon his setting up bleed him a little in the Thigh or if you can conveniently in the Fetock-vein and set on his Shooe hollow the Wool or Cotton may be thrust between as occasion requires it then Take Venice Turpentine and spread it upon a Lock or Wad thereof putting it with a flat stick between the Shooe and the Hoof the latter being well pared keeping it in with a piece of Leather and renewing it every three days and as you see his Hoof grow again pare him even to the quick applying the Plaister and suffering him to run in soft though not in dirty or mirey ground For a Canker in the Head a Remedy When you find by the rawness and yellow matter that this grievance has seized your Horse to remedy it before it grow desperate Take a pint of Olive-oyl of Burgundia-Pitch three ounces and an ounce of washed Turpentine put them all into a Pipkin and mix them together over a gentle fire and when they are well mixed add an ounce of Verdegrease and boil them up to the thickness of a Salve ever keeping the matter stirring and making a Plaister apply it to the Canker according to the advantage of the place where it is scituate having first rubbed off the Scurf or Scales and if so it happen to be in the Nostrils having washed it with a Spunge at the end of a stick dipped in Salt and Vinegar to cleanse it wet the Salve and dipping a feather therein anoint the place grieved with it when warm and capable of sticking by the like application For the Mangey or dry Scurvey a Cure. Having cleansed the place by scraping off the Scurf or Scabs that it may lye open to the opperation of the Medicament or Application Take a quarter of a pint of strong Beer with two ounces of the Oyl of Turpentine and well mixing them by shaking in a Viol-glass anoint the place grieved with a feather tying up your Horse to prevent his unruliness during your so doing and till the sharpness of its opperation be over with a strong cord to the Rack then blow upon it Powder of Bole-armorick and bind the Sorrance gently with a cloth this you may repeat once a week as often as you see occasion and when it heals which will be signified by the returning of the hair then may you supple it with Oyntment of Marshmallows and wash it with water wherein Charvil has been concocted or boiled The Vives and their Remedy For swanking in the Back or a strain in the Kidneys caused by indiscreet Riding or over-burthening Your Horse being under these circumstances mix well together two ounces of Nerve-oyl and the like quantity of the Oyl of Turpentine over a gentle fire and having a Sheeps-skin newly stripped off rub it with a brush or cloth all over the fleshey side and clapping the Skin upon the Horse's back especially where the grief is bind it on with broad Sursingles very strait bracing it with a Crupper behind and Straps before and give the Horse the Juyce of Peletory sweetned with Sugar-candy half a pint warm in a pint of Ale. For any pain or foulness in the Reins or Kidneys an excellent Scowring c. Take Treacle-Jean two ounces and Ruburb in Powder half an ounce with an ounce of the Juyce of Hysop to qualifie them put these into a pint of Beer or Ale when very hot and give it the Horse fasting A present relief for an Attaint or over-reach on the Heel or the like This mis-hap cometh to pass when the Horse with the Toe of his hinder Shooe strikes the Heel just at the setting on of the Hoof commonly called the Over-reach and if not timely regarded may prove dangerous for being not only a breaking of the flesh but a strong bruise it sometimes by its Rankling perishes the Sinews or otherwise renders the Horse lame or disabled And in this case clip away the hair and the batter'd skin or flesh which you will find hang loose and useless And having so done wash the dirt out of it with Water and Salt after which anoint it with Neats foot Oyl or Mutton-suet and then dip a wad of Flax in the Whites of Eggs and bind it hard with a list or soft string to the place and renew it till you find the Sorrance healed which will be in a week or thereabouts A Cure for the Sorrance called
or dried Lavender a handfull boil them in Ale or White-wine and give him the Liquid part ordering him as for the former For any disease and stoppage in the Liver The Obstructions in the Liver frequently happen through excess of humours that not capable of being digested into good and wholsome blood clog and hinder the cavities of the passages and by that means cause pains and sickness Now to remove these humours known by the dullness of the countenance hanging of the head often straining and inward groaning Take Agremony Cammomoil Eumetory Pursley Woormwood Succory Endive the Seeds of Lupins and Flowers of Mayweed a handfull Licoris Gentian and Spikenard of each an ounce bruise them well and boil them in a quantity sufficient of Syder or Perry and give it the Horse very warm and let him walk thereupon for the space of an hour after and for a fortnight after be sparing in his diet that the humours by this means may disperse and consume For a Botch or Sorrance in the Groin of a Horse a good Cure. When by the Tumourousness of the flesh you perceive a swelling to arise in the Groin of a Horse Take Shoomakers Wax the white sort add to an ounce of it half an ounce of the Powder of Bilthwortroots and as much Amoniacum and over a gentle fire make them into a Plaster which being spread upon a feather apply it to the place till the swelling is ripe for breaking then Lance it and take out the putrefaction after that wash the Sorrance with Water wherein Allom and Honey have been dissolved till you find it begin to heal then anoint it with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and bind it up For a general Manginess the Remedy This happens through the corruption of the blood and grossness of humour occasioned by over-labouring over-heating and bad feeding or any of these and may be sometimes catched by contagion from other Horses the sign is an extraordinary itching which you may observe by his scrubbing and the rising of little Knots within the Skin which being perceived Take Verdegrease two ounces common Soap a pound Oyl of Spike two ounces Linseed-oyl a pint Red-wine half a pint incorporate them over a gentle fire reducing them to the thickness of an Oyntment having first let the Horse Blood anoint him with the Oyntment after the Scurf and Scabs are like-likewise rubbed off and so continue to do for a week or so long till you perceive the distemper to cease by the dying of the Scabs and the coming of good flesh The Barbs what they are and how removed This troublesome Sorrance happens under the tongue of the Horse being composed of too long bags of flesh like Paps or Nipples growing as they abound with humour more or less and hinder the Horse much in his feeding putting him to no small trouble Now to remedy it clip them off close to the Jaw and Take of Allom an ounce Honey the like quantity Bay-salt a handfull and the Juyce of Mint a quarter of a pint dissolve and boil these in a quart of fair water and wash the roots of the Barbs till they heal Some there are that advise Burning them off but in my opinion by reason of their scituation that is neither so easie to be done nor safe least the Tongue-string or small Veins be thereby rendred useless and consequently the Horse defective in his feeding For Blood-shot Eyes an excellent Remedy The Eyes by straining blow or super-abundance of corrupt blood becoming red and rheumy so that unless speedily cured they may turn to further prejudice if not to blindness To cure this Take the Juyce of a Lemon the crumbs of White-bread Bole-armorick and a rotten Apple bruise them together and make of them a Cattaplasm or Plaster Then take the Powder of the Roots of Mallows with that of a crust of brown Bread and blow into the Eyes binding over them the Plaster or rather Poultis and in so doing three or four times the Blood and Rheum will be driven back and dispersed but if it be so great that this cannot conquer it then bleed your Horse in the temple-Temple-veins For any Film Bite or Blow in the Eye a Remedy Take Copras that which is white a quarter of an ounce and the like quantity of Verdegrease beat them to Powder and dry them well upon a Plate or Spatula and after that take of it to the quantity of half a dram and blow it into the Eye with a quill then close the Horse's Eye a quarter of an hour and after that wash it with Eye-bright-water and so continue to do till all your Powder is wasted and then you will perceive a brightness in your Horse's Eye all grievances being vanished To kill Lice or remove Flies from offending your Horse Take the Flower of Brimstone an ounce Quicksilver well killed the like quantity the Oyl of Spike two ounces mix them with the Whites of two Eggs and then boil them in two quarts of strong Urin and anoint the Horse therewith and it will prevent either the annoyance or cure it when contracted To rid a Horse from any foulness or disorder in the Body Take of Groundsel half a handfull red Sage the like quantity Smallage and Wormwood each a handfull shread them small and boil them well in a pint and a half of Ale into which put a quarter of a pound of fresh Butter and an ounce of the Powder of Mechocan give the Liquid part to your Horse to drink as warm as possible and feed him with Mashes for a day afterward For an extraordinary Bruise or Bite Take of Caliminaris quenched in White-wine two drams an ounce of the Juyce of Housleek and two ounces of the Seeds of Mallows with an ounce of Venice-Treacle make them up into balls as big as Walnuts and give them the Horse in a quarter of a pint of Salad-oyl and at the same time apply a Plaster of Hemlock and Barrows-grease well stamped and mixed together And this being done for a week together will work strange effects in relation to a cure For a Horse that is troubled with the Strangling a Cure. Take of Elder-buds or the Bark of the Root of that Tree a good handfull Wormwood and the herb Mercury of each half a handfull and as much wild Tansey boil them well in two quarts of Vinegar and give them the Horse that is the Liquid part as hot as may be fasting To remedy the Swelling of a Horse upon having eaten any Infectious thing in his Grass or Provender that may if not remedied prove dangerous This grievance is known by the slavering of the Beast the staring of the Eyes and the rising of the Belly the beating of the Flanks and a cold sweat which perceived Take of the Juyce of Rue one pint two quarts of Milk and a pint of Olive-oyl boil them together till a third part be consumed and then sweetning it it with brown Sugar give it the Horse For a Heart-burning or Wasting
of Sage and with them after having let the Horse Blood in the Veins under the tongue rub the place grieved till the Knobs or Pimples bleed and by often so doing they will disappear For a Heat which sometimes occasions a breaking out in in the Mouth and Lips the Cure. This disorder is accompanied with dryness and proceeds from the heat of the stomach by surfeits over-heating or a consuming quality and if not timely taken notice of produces the infectious humour that creates the Canker To redress which Bleed the the Veins in the Lips which you may cause to appear by bending them the contrary way and then wash them with Salt and Vinegar giving the Horse water to drink wherein Coltsfoot has been boiled or Fenegreek-seed with his Provender Wolf-teeth what they are and how to ease their Pair the ready way These Teeth are too commonly growing in the upper Jaw next the grinders which many times occasion such pain that the Horse is frustrated in hiâ— eating by being obliged to let his Provender fall ouâ— of his mouth and the cause they are mostly subjecâ— to this is by reason they have frequently a hollowness within subject to receive the Rheums that settle in the Jaw To remedy which either draw them or Launcing the Gumms that they may bleed wast the Mouth each morning with Hysop-water and Allom the latter being dissolved in the former To staunch any Bleeding a speedy way If by occasion of Wound or Sorrance your Horse happen to bleed excessively so that thereby if not timely stopped he may be weakned or other ways endangered Take the Wool of a Hare or Coney dip it in Vinegar and then strew upon it the Powder of Calcined Egg-shells and apply it to the place or you may for want of the former dip it in Nettle-juyce and Bay-salt or apply to the Wound or Sorrance a Poultis of Hemlock and the Eark of Elder-root To supply the defect of the falling of the Crest a Remedy This uncomeliness in a Horse is the leaning of the upper part of the Neck on which the Mane grows to one or the other side which is caused by weakness of the Sinews or Nerves through a contraction of cold or some flegmatick humour there engendred or on the other hand upon the rising of the flesh through extraordinary fatness To remedy which Take the Oyl of Petrolum two ounces Linseed-oyl half a pint and having well washed the Crest with Water wherein the Roots of Mallows have been boiled and Allom dissolved anoint it with the Oyl and in so continuing to do for a month the Skin will contract and more especially if upon every Application you clap two broad pieces of Deal or other Board on each side and so bind it up in due order and let the Horse blood in the contrary neck-Neck-vein To Cure Manginess or the like disorder in the Crest Take Hog's Lard a pound Verdegrease four ounces Flower of Brimstone four ounces add to these a pint of Beef-broth very salt and dissolve what is to be dissolved therein Then having rubbed off the Scabs and Scurf till they bleed wash the place grieved therewith as hot as may be well endured for a week together and lay after that a cloth dipped in green Oyntment thereon This will also hinder the Hair from falling off especially the former The Navel-gall what it is and its Remedy This grievance is no other than a bruise or hurt with an unfit or uneasie Saddle or that part of the back that is opposite to the Navel and for that cause only is so called it is known by a soft swelling in the place bruised and its Cure is as followeth Take the Whites of two Eggs an ounce of Copras two ounces of the Oyl of Bays and of Marsh-mallows Smallage Groundsel and Cammomoil each a handfull stamp them in a Mortar and pour the Liquids on them by which means make them into a Poultis and frying them lay them as hot as may be to the place grieved For a Sitfast or horney Excressence under the Saddle whereby the Horse is disabled from carrying it in good order as he ought This Sorrance appears like a piece of old Leather upon the Horse's back and is commonly the relick of some old bruise or desperate Saddle-gall not well cured and obligeth the Skin to stick fast to the flesh To cure which Take Oyl of Vitriol and anoint the place till it has loosened the Excressence after which take it off by incision and anoint the place with Verdegrease and Hog's Lard hot and wash it after with the Juyce of Mint till it be new skinned and to make the Hair come wash it with the Juyce of Cardus Benedictus or that of Hemlock For any Knob or Wen near the Saddle-skirt or the Sides of the Horse a Remedy To remove this Wash it first with hot Wine-Lees and afterward bathe it with Oyl of Cammomoil or Marshmallows Then to draw it to a head lay on a Plaster of Stone-pitch and Turpentine which being done Lance it with your sharp-pointed Fleme and apply a Plaster of Oxecrotium to draw out the putrefaction and then with Hog's Lard supple it and if the Sore be deep Tent it with a Linnen Tent dipped in Bees-wax and Honey melted together For Weakness in the Back a strengthning Remedy This happens frequently through Coldess or watery humours afflicting the Sinews or in gelly'd matter setling in the Joynts or by his too often covering the Mares or such-like Now to corroborate a Horse defective herein Take Horse-radish Roots a pound Bay-leaves two handfulls the Bark of Elder the like quantity boil them in Man's Urin and with the Liquid part bathe the Back as hot as is convenient giving him for diet Oats and Splent-beans and each morning fasting a ball made in this manner Take Licorish-powder two ounces Hart's-horn beaten to Powder an ounce Fenegreek and Hysop-seed stamped of each two ounces wet them with as much Mallaga-wine as will make them up into balls about the bigness of Pigeon's Eggs. For the Swelling in the Cods of a Horse naturally or occasioned by any Bruise c. Take Dill-seeds or Fennel-seeds an ounce the Juyce of Orpin a quarter of a pint Bole-armorick two ounces the Juyce of Garlick the like quantity make these with Hog's Lard into an Oyntment and anoint the place grieved therewith as warm as may be well endured For Burstenness or the Rupture in a Horse This grievance is the breaking of the Rim or Film that holds up the Bowels from falling into the Cods and either happens by over-straining in riding upon a full belly or the Horse's leaping beyond his strength and is by most Farriers held incurable But since it so happens that a bursten Horse may notwithstanding in some measure be fit for service I shall give such directions as may the better inable him for it Take your Horse to whom this misfortune is befallen and fasten Ropes with running Nooses to his feet
times a Horse being let Blood by an unskilfull hand or suffered thereupon to take cold or the wind to possess the empty Veins which causes swellings in the Neck or other disorders To remedy it Take Sheeps-suet half a pound the Juyce of Hemlock half a pint and four ounces of the Oyl of Cammomoil which being made into an Oyntment rub and chafe his Neck with them as hot as may be morning and evening giving him warm water to drink wherein Fennel-seeds are scattered and cover his Neck over with a warm cloth giving him gentle heats For the Leprosie in Horses a Remedy with the Cause Take Resalgar otherwise called Arsnick and Hog's Lard well tryed incorporate them to an Oyntment over a gentle fire and having drawn the Horse's head up strait to the Rack to prevent his disorders anoint the place with a feather and suffer it for the space of two hours to soak in and after that boil the Roots of Burdocks in Chamber-lye and wash with it the Oyntment clean away which done give the Horse meat of the best to hearten and encourage him to endurance and so proceed to do every other day for six days successively This grievance or dangerous Malady befalls a Horse by extraordinary riding and suffering the Horse to cool and consequently surfeit or from the rankness of blood which produces evil humours and they not timely let out force their way in Botches and dry Sorrances which upon dressing must be rubbed off to prepare the way for the Oyntment For any disease in the Lungs an excellent Remedy The Diseases in the Lungs proceed frequently from extraordinary cold and flegmatick humours or on the contrary from hot Inflamations caused by Surfeits or the like either of which if not timely remedied tend to consumption and rottenness and are known by the working of the Ribs and beating of the Flanks but more especially by his coughing weakly and the slow beating of what has been before mentioned with other the like signs To cure these Take of the herb Melliot commonly called Horse-Lungwort bruise it in a Mortar and squeese out the Juyce to the quantity of two ounces of Fenegreek-seeds and Madder each an ounce with as much of Rosemary-seed and give him them the latter being well bruised in a quart of warm Ale every other day for the space of fourteen days fasting and after the dose let him have Oats washed in warm Beer and warm Mashes keeping him in a close Stable without exercising him unless in a fair clear day Or for want of these Take a young Snake open it and put into the belly Rue and Snakeweed shred with the fat of a Hedge-hog as much as the belly of the Snake being embowelled will hold and let it be roasted before a gentle fire saving the Oyl or Dripping that falls from it carefully in an Earthen-pan and having shaved off the hair on the breast anoint it with this Oyntment chafing it in with your hot hand and so do by renewing the Oyntment as often as you see it convenient For the swelling of the Horse's Legs the Cure. The cause of the swelling in the Legs comes through cold humours setling therein or over-much riding in foul or dirty ways over-heats or over-strains or by Molten-grease falling down into the Legs And in this case having let blood in the most convenient Veins as near as may be to the swelling to take away the corrupt blood then Take the Lees of White-wine or Rhenish-wine half a pint Cammomoil half a handfull Cummin-seeds an ounce Wheat-flower two handfulls boil them all together adding in the boiling half a pint of Verjuyce and so lay them hot as a Poultis to the place grieved renewing it till you find it draws the swelling to a head which being done Take Shoomakers Wax an ounce the like quantity of Virgins Wax half an ounce of Bole-armorick and half a pint of Olive-oyl the Yolks of two Eggs and half a quartern of Honey beat these well together over a gentle fire till you perceive them well incorporated into the thickness of a Salve and then spreading part of it upon Sheeps-leather apply it Plaster-wise till the corruption by often renewing it be drawn away then wash the place with Balm-water and heal it up with Hog's-grease and Honey incorporated over a gentle fire The flying Worm what it is and how to Cure it This is known generally by the name of a Tetter or Ringworm occasioned by an extraordinary heat in the Blood and other foul disorders creating a virrilent or sharp firey humour and for the most part seizes upon the Rump or Crupper of the Horse and frequently by not being regarded turns to a Canker though indeed it will seize and so is found to do upon any part of the body that is subject to flesheyness or abundance of blood and cause the Horse to rub himself in an extraordinary manner and is known by the falling away of the hair and the Horse's continual rubbing To cure this let the Horse blood as soon as may be in that part where it has seized him and then Take an ounce of Verdegrease two ounces of Burdock juyce two ounces of Soot a quarter of an ounce of the Oyl of Tartar and with the weâ—ght of all these in Hog's Lard make them up into an Oyntment bathing it with it as hot as may be endured and so continue to do till the Malady ceases to spread and consequently dies Excellent Directions for the prevention of Diseases in Horses at sundry times c. Observe in this case to bleed your Horse the beginning of April in the Neck-veins when the sign of Life is not in that part and so every day in the Month of April give him what I order As thus Take old Rye not musty nor any ways disordered impaired by shrivelling up nor any way foul with dirt Lome-stones or the like take to the quantity of a Bushel and having sprinkled it with the Juyce of Baum and again dried it by spreading in the Sun put it into an Iron boiling-pot without water and there by perpetual stirring parch it to that degree that it becomes black and hard then take it out and put it into a close dry place and each day give your Horse a quart of it beaten to Powder amongst his Oats and so do in the Month of October likewise remembring to let him Blood And by this means his blood will be so well tempered that unless some extraordinary matter happen as exceeding heats occasioning surfeits too rank feeding or damp lying the Horse will undoubtedly be kept in a good temper of body during the whole year And the better to confirm him give him this drink as soon as he is let blood viz. Take of White-wine a pint infuse into it Cinamon Cloves and Saffron of each three drams Cassa and Myrrh of each the like quantity let them simper over a gentle fire for the space of an hour and then being sweetned with
Sugar-candy or fine Sugar give it him blood-warm fasting and keep him warm with a cloth for the space of two hours after without Meat A Cure for a sore or defective Mouth The sores or disorders in the Mouth are occasioned either by bad blood or excessive colds creating rheums and noisome vapours that afflict the pallate for there they generally begin and from thence descending to the Jaws do in a great measure obstruct the feeding and hinder the shutting of the Mouth Now when it happens in the Palate only the best expedient is to let blood in the Mouth by cutting the third barr or as your discretion leads you The Horse being let blood Take of strong old Cheese four ounces and a Root of Garlick bruise them well and boil them in water wherein Plantane has been concocted and with the Liquid part wash the Mouth and Tongue of the Horse as hot as it may well be endured so continuing often to do till you find the grievances to decrease and if it be so far gone that this proves not effectual Take a pint of Verjuyce a handfull of Bay-salt a quarter of a pint of the Juyce of Housleek and a penyworth of Diascordium boil them well and having washed his Mouth with Savin-water or water wherein Savin has been concocted give him the before-mentioned potion to drink luke-warm For the Mellet in the Heels a Cure. Take three ounces of Casteel-soap a pound of English Honey Allom two ounces and of Lime-juyce or Verjuyce a quarter of a pint with half a handfull of Bean-flower incorporate them over a gentle fire and having reduced them to a convenient thickness bind a part of it with Leather or thick Linnen upon the place grieved suffering it without renewal to continue there for the space of five days and between each renewal wash the place well with Beef-broth keeping his Leg moist and roped up for some days after The Stavers their signs cause and cure This distemper is known by a dizziness in the Head a dullness of the Eyes and disorderly hanging of the Jaws and proceeds in chief from corrupt blood and infectious vapours that affect the brain and consequently put the whole frame out of order And this disease few Horses altogether escape The cure is to let him Blood in the temple-Temple-veins or Neck-veins and having a potion made after this manner give it him hot viz. Take a handfull of Savin the like quantity of Rue an ounce of Ruburb and an ounce of Methridate give him these Ingredients the Liquid part well boiled in a quart of Spring-water sweetned with brown Sugar or Molossus For the Stone a very good Remedy This distemper is occasioned by gross humours which setling in the Reins or Bladder do in process of time by the help of heat and moisture grow to a hardness and so obstruct the passage of the Urin and by grating those tender parts cause exceeding pain and disorder to the creature so afflicted To dissolve or remove the Stone so contracted Take the Roots of Nettles Parsley Fennel and Sperage of each four ounces of Saxafrage and Dodder each a handfull bruise and boil them in a quart of White-wine and a pint of Vinegar untill a third part be wasted then add a handfull of Bay-salt and half a pint of Olive-oyl with half a pound of Honey and having strained out the thin part as hot as may be let him drink it fasting and so continue to to do for the space of a week together and you will find the pains will cease To take away a Wen in the Neck or any part of the Horse's Body without danger These Sorrances are generally caused by the assembling of bad humours to one place and their contracting into a Tumour To remove them therefore Take the Oyl of Bays Water of Tartar and Soap-boylers-Lees mix them well and being very hot dip a cloth therein and lay it upon the place grieved continuing often so to do and the humours thereby being dispersed the swelling will sink and disappear The Crownet-Scab what it is together with the Cure. This is a troublesome Sorrance being a Scab round the corners of the hoof very cankerous and dangerous and frequently comes by a Horse's running in wet and mirey ground especially in Winter-time whereby the cold has power to contract the gross and disordered humours and is known by the hairs standing up the unevenness of the Crownet and the watry humour that proceeds from thence Wherefore to cure it Take Verdegrease an ounce Rusty Bacon-fat two ounces Powder of Hart's-horn an ounce wash the place with Beef-broth and having made the before-mentioned materials into an Oyntment anoint the place hot as may be endured and continue so to do for a week together after which anoint it with Oyl of Bays or Rosemary To draw out a Thorn or Stump or any Iron or sharp thing gotten into the flesh If you cannot come at the cause of this kind of Sorrance so as to draw it out with your fingers or Pincers then mollifie the swelling or part where you conceive it to be and Take of Burgundy-pitch an ounce and of black Soap two ounces stamp the Roots of Water-lillys to the quantity of both the former and spreading them Plaster-wise lay them to the place a night and a day and thereby the swelling will not only be sunk or depressed but the head of the Thorn or Iron will appear to that degree that it may be easily taken out after which apply a Plaster of Diaculum or Oxicrotium to bring away the festered matter if any be found there and so heal it with green Oyntment For a Strain in the Coffin-Joynt or Socket of the Hoof. This Sorrance happens by a sudden short slip and is not thought of by many Farriers who are of the opinion That under the hoof there can be no slip or strain though the contrary appears and this is found out by taking up the foot and bowing the hoof from side to side and on that side you perceive the Horse to be pained in so doing on that side is the danger This being perceived Take of Beef-brine a pint and as much tried Suet set them on the fire and let them consume to a third part then add Wheat-meal and the Juyce of Alehoof or Ground-ivy half a pound or so much that they may be made up into the thickness of a Poultis when having pared the hoof at the bottom to the quick spread some of it very hot and stop it in with Flax and so renew it every other day till you perceive by your Horse's going the grief removed and the better to keep it on you may clap a cross stick under the shooe or cover the whole foot with a pitched cloth or a thick sole of Leather will do the same office but observe that during the cure you suffer him not to go in wet and dirty ground For a Horse that is perpetually sick or out of order by retaining a
spice of former surfeits not perfectly cured Having let your Horse blood take him up into a warm Stable and prepare two ounces of Alloes Sucatrina finely beaten to Powder Rowl them up in Butter that has been tempered with the Juyce of Rue and give him the composition in pellets as big as Walnuts in the morning fasting having prepared his body for the reception thereof by dieting him some days before with scalded Bran and boiled Barley refusing on this occasion to give him hard meats till three days after suffering his drink to be White-water and that very warm Now this White-water is no other than water wherein Flower or Bran is scattered or Bread finely grated and sifted c. For a Cold in the Summer when the Horse is defective in filling or by too rank feeding Take of the Powder of the Root of Scabeous an ounce and a half of red stone Sugar half a pound and of Olive-oyl four ounces add to these half a pint of Canary or as much as will dissolve them to a thinness that the Horse may easily swallow them and so give them to him luke-warm in a Drenching-horn and after them a gentle heat in such manner that the humours may be stirred and brought away by Excrement of Sweat Urin c. And this may be given in case of any extraordinary over-heating by Racing and the like A through Splint or Screw-pin what it is together with the Cure. This Sorrance happens on both sides of the Legs so opposite one to the other as if it riveted it and from thence takes the denomination of Screw-pin and is a kind of a sinewy Excressence Wherefore to remove it for it is very troublesome to the Horse Take the handle of a Hammer or the Blood-stick and beat it therewith on either side till you have reduced it to a softness then having an ounce of the Oyl of Riggrum or by some called Reggium anoint it therewith and bind a cloth about it and by frequent dressings the Excressence will sink and restore the Leg to a flatness for want of the before mentioned Oyl Take that of Petrollium and it will work much the like effects To render a brittle Hoof firm and serviceable Take of the Juyce of Garlick and Rue or Herb-a-grace of each four ounces Powder of burnt Roach-Allom half a pound Hog's-grease and new Cow-dung of each a pound mix them altogether and being made into a Poultis over a gentle fire apply it hot to the hoof binding it about it and stuffing it in under the shooe and in often renewing it the cure will be perfected To Cure the Anbury Sear it off with a sharp hot Iron and having Hog's-grease and Verdegrease well tempered together anoint the Roots therewith at sundry times c. To prevent a Horse's pissing Blood an excellent Remedy Take the herb called Harts-Tongue half a handfull Piony-roots sliced an ounce the Juyce of Bettony half a pint boil them in stale Beer and give them him as hot as he is capable to endure the Liquid part only and so continue to do in the morning fasting for a week together and the defect will cease For a broken Knee the Remedy Take Urin heat it well and wash the Sorrance easing it of the Gravel if any be contracted by falling or the like Then take Turpentine an ounce Rosin the like quantity Hog's Lard two ounces and the blades of Leeks a handfull with two ounces of the Powder of burnt Allom bruise the Leeks press out the Juyce and melt it with the rest to the thickness of a Salve and then spreading it Plaster-wise apply it to the place grieved anointing it between whiles with Oyl of Coreander-seeds or Anniseeds For the Dropsey in a Horse This distemper proceeds from the looseness of the flesh occasioned by moist and unwholsome feeding whereby flegmatick and watry humours are ingendred in the blood which sweating as it were through the Veins are retained between the skin and the flesh or in the spongy flesh occasioning Tumours and unseemly swellings To remove which Take two handfulls of Parsley-seeds the like of Anniseeds and Bay-berries with one handfull of Juniper-berries bruise them together in a Mortar and boiling them in Verjuyce sweetned with brown Sugar give the Horse to the quantity of a pint to drink first and last chafing the swelled or tumorous places with your hand or hard wisps of Hay and so continuing them for a week together you will find the flesh become firm and the watry humours disperse To joyn a Sinew that is cut Cleanse the Wound with the Juyce of Nettles and white Sugar then take the Oyntment of Tobacco and a Plaster of Diaculum apply them and bind up the Wound very strait For a Wound or Hurt in the Tongue a Remedy This Sorrance being occasioned by the Halter oâ— Bitt in having to do with too hard a hand To cure it Take of the Juyce of Sallendine half a pint as much of that of Bugloss heat them over a gentle fire adding two ounces of Honey of Roses and as much Allom and with them anoint the grieved place and you will find it quickly heal For the Itch in the Tail or any other part This disorder proceeds from rank blood through foul feeding Therefore having bled your Horse well Take Wood-ashes a peck Burdock-roots a handfull or two Man's Urin two gallons and the like quantity of water wherein Tobacco-stalks have been steeped boil them up into a Lye and with it wash the grieved part when it is very hot Another excellent Remedy for the Tetter Take of the Roots of Elecampane and red Dock of each a handfull steep them a week in Urin adding two handfulls of Bay-salt boil them in the Urin till from two quarts it become one and with it wash the Sorrance after it has been well rubbed and chafed that the Liquids may the better sink in For a Hurt or Wring in the Withers This commonly happens by the straitness of the Saddle or indiscretion of the Rider and is known by a Swelling or Tumour on the Back c. To remedy this Take a handfull of Wheat-flower wet it with half a pint of White-wine Vinegar adding three ounces of Honey and an ounce of Juyce of Hemlock mix them well over a gentle fire and apply them Plaster-wise to the place grieved Or for want of these Take Water wherein Barley and Fennel have been boiled and wash the places with it as warm as may well be endured Worms of any sort in the Body of a Horse how to kill and remove them Take a handfull of the tops of Broom and of Savin the like quantity bruise them together with as much Featherfew then with fresh Butter and Treacle make them up into balls the bigness of Pigeon's Eggs and when he is fasting in the Morning give him three of them and let him fast three hours after then give him Oats but refrain giving him Water till the Evening and in this
a Horse's Tongue and by the faintness of his breathing When a Horse is very thirsty and seems very little affected towards his Provender then has he the symtoms of a Feaver or some hot disease that afflicts the Heart and Liver or else it may signifie the Putrefaction of the Lungs but when he eats largely and desires not much water it denotes a cold Liver and that the Horse is subject to gross humours by reason the heat cannot concoct the quantity of nutriment as it ought and therefore it is not amiss to restrain him from eating altogether so much as he requires or at least to give it him by degrees that it may leasurely digest If with exceeding greediness he devour his Meat and Drink then beware he be not troubled with the diseases of the Spleen or putrefaction of the Lungs If the Breath of a Horse without travelling or other force or violence be found very hot or so much as is more than usual it denotes the symptom of some feaverish disease approaching If the left side be much swelled and there be no apparent cause then proceeds it from the disorder of the Spleen And if the Legs on that side be likewise swelled then it commonly proceeds to the Dropsey Drivelling or noisome water descending or issuing from the Mouth or Nostrils of a Horse denotes the wet Cough and if it be gellied or the like then it threatens him with the Staggers The dullness of the Countenance lolling of the Ears and hanging of the Head are signs of the Megrim or extraordinary pain in the Head. If disorderly pantings appear on the Breast Sides or any part of the Body then does the Horse labour under some sickness that afflicts the Heart or Liver If the Mouth be foul and furred and the Tongue look yellowish then the Lungs are defective and tending to a Consumption The hollowness of the Temples denotes either the Strangles or that the Horse is very old Shortness of Breath hanging of the Eye-lids and beating of the Flanks denote a Feaver A cold swelling under the Throat with a ratling in the Head signifie the approaching of the Glanders If about the Tongue-roots small knobs appear then it signifies Cold c. If the Horse offer to cough and be faint in so doing as not throughly able to bring up what he offers at then is it occasioned by the swelling or rising of the Lungs or oppressive Phlegm setled there which obstructs the Lungs in the performance of their office The stairing up of the hair and hardness of the skin with dejected looks and lankness of the belly denote the Horse foundered in the body and sometimes the Wind Colick or Stone is signified thereby as also the Yellows which are all dangerous distempers in a Horse If the skin stick to the Ribs so that it cannot be well raised then the Horse is troubled with that infirmity which we commonly call Hidebound An uneven stiffness in going denotes some Strain Wrench cold Swelling in the Joynts or foundering in the feet c. If a Horse have a spongy Wart full of blood it is an Anbury If a knotty Ulcer creeping along the Vein it is a Farcy If scabby or ulcerous on the body and about the neck it proceeds from the Mangy If it singly spread abroad and that but in one place then is it held to be the Canker The Botts or such-like Insects in the paunch or belly of a Horse you shall know by the Horse's endeavouring to strike thereat with his feet his lying down and wallowing himself and his often turning his head back and looking upon his sides If the Horse be over-covetous to lye down on thâ— right side it signifies corrupted blood setled in thâ— Cavas of the Liver and occasions extraordinary heat which by the pressure of the Liver is augmented A Horse's spreading when laid down generally denotes the approach of the Dropsey and his ofter groaning the Colick or the Heart 's being oppressed with bad blood And thus of other signs and symptoms most or the most part whereof I have in this Chapter and what has been before mentioned is effectually discussed according to the best Experimental observances that have been made From whence I shall proceed to give Directions for sundry choice Oyntments and Salves highly necessary to be kept in store and used on sundry occasions as necessity requires and other matters altogether as Material CHAP. XXIV Directions for making and preparing Oyntments Oyls Salves Waters Purgations Poultises Charges Supplements Pills Powders c. singular good in case of any Distemper or Sorrance Many of them never before made publick ALthough I have mentioned many famous Oyntments and Salves in the course of the Cures yet some there are which may indifferently serve for most Sorrances and Griefs of any kind and these I shall chiefly name and direct how to make them because they may be gotten in a readiness and thereby the party not be to seek them nor his Ingredients when the urgency of the Horse's distemper or grief requires the Application An Oyntment to search any Wound or Vlcerated Sore or any thing of the like nature Take of Bees-wax four ounces Turpentine the like quantity the Juyce of Spurg-lawrel two ounces Deer's-suet half a pint Verdegrease an ounce Allom calcined two ounces and Hog's Lard as much as will make it into an Oyntment over a gentle fire This by often using will not only search the Wound and discover dead proud or putrefied flesh but cleanse it and cause it to heal restoring the good flesh and rendering it easie to cure An Oyntment excellent good in case of Botches Boils Seabâ— or the like Sorrances Take the Juyce of green Tobacco half a pint of Deer's-suet a pound the Powder of Dandely onroots two ounces as much of Soap-makers Ashes and half a pint of the Lees of Wine make them up into an Oyntment with half a pint of Olive-oyl and an ounce of the Oyl of Petrolum To skin any Wound an excellent Oyntment Take of Dog's-grease two ounces half the quantity of black Soap of the Powder of calcined Roach-Allom two drams the Juyce of Mugwort an ounce make them into an Oyntment over a gentle fire and when the Wound begins to fill with flesh anoint it over To mollifie and asswage any Swelling an excellent Oyntment Take of Nut-oyl a quarter of a pint Neatsfoot-oyl half a pint and Linseed-oyl the like quantity add to these the Juyce of Plantane a quarter of a pint and four ounces of the Oyl of Earthworms boil them over a gentle fire to a convenient thickness and apply the Oyntment to the place grieved as warm as may be well suffered and chafe it in with your warm hand when it begins to cool An excellent Oyntment to cool and allay any Inflamation Take of the Oyl of Marshmallows half a pint the Juyce of Mandrake-root two ounces Dog's fatt four ounces or instead thereof that of Hog's lard Spermaceâ—i two ounces
as may be and with keen Nettles rub his Fundament â—aying Hemlock or Ars-smart called by many Hounds-tongue under his Saddle next to his back If a Horse be Restiff and refuses to go but will run on one side or go backward cramp his Stones with a cord and bring it up between his fore-legs giving him a twitch when you perceive him froward and it will oblige him to advance especially if you keep his Reins even with a steady hand but if a Mare or Gelding which yields no such advantage be troubled with any such Vice you must have a Crupper with a Brass or Iron-plate fastned a little above the Tail through which may come two or more sharp points like Needles at such time as the Crupper is moved or strained and then when you find your beast practice the Vice strain the Crupper with your hand and it will enter the flesh and force the beast to leap forward This Vice generally comes by a Horses not being backed in time or through the ill management of the Breaker or Rider To prevent the Troublesomeness of a Horse's Neighing which may prove disadvantageous to the Master especially in time of War. Take a long slip of Red cloth dip it in the Oyl of Linseed and strew on it the Powder of Elecampane-roots and on that burnt Allom fasten it round the Horse's Tongue as near to the Root as may be and so long as it there remains you may secure your self your Horse can make no noise And this Art Darius the Great Persian King was said to use to the Horse of his Competitors for the Kingdom by Bribing theiâ— Grooms when the Election depended upon the Neighing of the first Horse If a Horse be dull and will not feel the Spur withouâ— much wounding Take the following Directions tâ— make him go very nimble with or without a Spur. Scrape off the hair in the Spurring-places on either side lay a Plaster of Rosin and Bees-wax to soften the skin then prick it full of holes so that they may just pass through it which done take burnt Allom and Copras and rub therein or you may do it with Powder of Glass beaten very fine and these entring the holes will by a little festring cause such a soreness that he will run forward upon the least touch with your heel which having a while used him to you may heal the Sore with Hog's grease Bees-wax and Olive-oyl made into an Oyntment with the Powder of Alloes To make a lean Horse artificially fat or to seem so to the Buyer Take a Horse lean but not extraordinary old rub and comb him will put him into a warm Stable Then Take a pound of Anniseeds the like of the Powder of Licorish half a pound of the Flower of Brimstone and half a pound of Dates stoned with six ounces of the Powder of Elecampane-roots bruise them well together till they may be reduced to what fineness you think convenient then with a peck of fine Flower two quarts of Milk and the Yolks of a dozen Eggs make them up into balls as big as Pullet's Eggs give him four of these in a morning and after them a quart of new Wort then give him half a peck of Oats and after that a Mash made of Bran boiled Barley and Lupins giving him in all circumstances the like in the evening blowing up his Flanks and the hollowness of his Eyes with quills suffering him to drink but very little and so in a week or ten days he will look very plump and fair to the eye but being afterward neglected or kept at hard meat the spungy kind of flesh or fat so gotten will suddenly fall away and leave perhaps the unskilfull buyer possessed with an opinion that his Horse is bewitched To make a lean Horse really fat the best and cheapest way In this case as in many other people are generally wedded to their opinions but Experience being the best Master I shall deliver therefore what has been faithfully proved and found effectual And so to bring your expectation to a period Take your Horse from Grass or Soil and if the season admit Blood and Purge him gently that so the crudities that hinder the kindly operation of the nutriment may be removed which done rub and loosen his skin and wash him all over with the Decoction of Hysop Savin Rue and Fumitory which will not only cleanse him from Scurf and other contracted filth but render him a kindly heat and breathing Then give him each morning before his hard meat a Ball as big as a Tennis-ball or such a one as he can conveniently swallow made of Honey Rye-flower the Powder of Licorish burnt Allom-powder and the Powder of Hart's-horn And after his hard meat which must be given in due proportion Water wherein Dandelyon-roots Rosemary and Fennel have been concocted and in it Bran or Flower dusted and let his hard meat be Oats Splent-beans and sweet Hay Airing him morning and evening and accommodating him with fresh Litter and good Dressing by which means in a Month he will be fat and lusty have sound and solid flesh and be fitting for any company To make the Hair of a Horse that stands rough and staring smooth and sleek If you would have your Horse smooth and handsome so that your self and others may take delight in him Take a French Brush and rub his hair the contrary way fetching out by that means the dirt and scurf so that the Horse being freed therefrom the hair may lye closer and smoother then draw your Brush and Curry-comb the right way and having laid the hair as smooth as it will be then if the weather be seasonable let him Blood in the neck-Neck-veins and after that pass over him with your hand or a cloth dipped in Oyl of Bays and at convenient times wash him with the Decoction of Cammomoil and keep him well dressed and at good diet To make Hair come where it is thin or to take it away where it is thick The hair being thin which is uncomely in a Horse Take the Ashes of Fern four ounces the Oyntment of Marshmallows two ounces a dram of the Oyl of Petrolum and an ounce of the Powder of Bithwort-roots wash or anoint the place with them mixed with a like quantity of Oyl and Wine adding thereto an ounce of the Honey of Roses and continue so to do for a month together Or for want of these you may wash the Horse with a Lye made of the Ashes of Pease-straw wherein the green husks of Walnuts and Red Sage have been concocted To take off hair Take Soot of Wood two ounces Oyl of Tartar two drams the Calcine of Egg-shells half an ounce with an ounce of unslaked Lime make them into a Plaster with Oyl of Spike and apply it to the place you design to have bare or thinner the hair at that time being close clipped Stars Blazes Snips what they are and how to make them for Ornament or Disguise in any