or Weazon THENCE to lin 7. of pag. 165. The Seat Office and Faculties of the Pâ—unch or Ventricle as also the Temper and Duty of the Lungs Describ'd THENCE to lin 4. of pag. 167. He elegantly shews which way Nutrition is effected and what Parts are Assistant to that Work THENCE to lin 13. of pag. 168. He teaches Whence and Where the Vital Spirit is Generated and likewise How from the Heart it is diffus'd into all the Body through Arteries in like manner as the Bloud by Veins THENCE to lin 18. of pag. 169. He in some measure sets forth the Structure and various Vses of the Bones Then he comes to the Composure of Man altogether fitted for Contemplation and Thereby a Knowledge of the Divinity which was what Providence had regard to in Framing it THENCE to lin 18. of pag. 170. The so commodious Situation of the Senses every one in its proper Place argues a Divine Providence THENCE to lin 28. of pag. 171. He anew admires the Divine Skill in Contriving the Senses and First in Framing the Eyes which are Here most elegantly Describ'd THENCE to lin 8. of pag. 173. The Eyes are follow'd by the rest of the Senses most strong Evidences of a certain Divine Workmanship THENCE to lin 5. of pag. 174. He Demonstrates the Excellency of Human Senses above Those of Brutes and First of the Eyes THENCE to lin 22. of the same page He shews that Men surpass Beasts in the Other Senses also THENCE to lin 15. of pag. 175. He teaches that from the same Providence came those Human Vertues usually term'd Intellectual and in the First place the Faculty of Reasoning Whence arise Arts and Sciences THENCE to lin 28. of the same page He not unelegantly commends the Dignity and wonderfull effects of Eloquence THENCE to lin 9. of pag. 176. He relates the Instruments of Speech in Praise of Provident Nature THENCE to lin 31. of the same page He ascribes to the Divine Bounty the Composure and Aptness of the Hands and in the three following Sections discourses at large how Convement they are in This particularly observing the ready and easie Subserviency of them to many Arts THENCE to lin 14. of pag. 177. He Here further produces other advantages of Life obtein'd by the Work and Benefit of the Hands Namely Food the Service of Labouring Beasts and Metals THENCE to lin 2. of pag. 178. He now winds up the almost numberless conveniencies of the Hands in the use of Wood more especially and the Tillage of the Ground toucht upon by the By in the Sections above THENCE to lin 27. of the same page From the Fabrique of Man's Body he advances to the Other Half of Him his Mind or Soul the most sharp and piercing Eâ—ge whereof does Single Astrology of all the Sciences especially commend Each Fruit and Excellence of which Famous Art is Toucht by the way And then he puts a Period to this somewhat Long Consideration of Man absolutely concluding the matter in Proposition that this so Artificial Composure of the Body and admirable Subtlety of Wit are to be attributed to Providence not to Fortune THENCE to lin 25. of pag. 179. Having thus subjected to our view the whole Structure of Man he clearly speaks it to be his Intention in the rest of the Disputation to make appear as a further Demonstration of the Providence of God toward Vs that whatever in the Vniverse is plac'd Without us was originally ordain'd and provided for Our sakes Now in this Paragraph he will have First the World in General then Heaven and Heavenly Things in Particular to have been Perfected for the Behoof of Men as well as for the Gods THENCE to lin 23. of pag. 180. That the Fruits of the Earth were generated for the Sake of Men not of Beasts THENCE to lin 3. of pag. 181. He shews by an Induction in almost four entire Sections that Beasts were created by the Deity for the Convenience of Man and in This represents the Advantages we reap by Sheep and Dogs THENCE to lin 18. of the same page To what Vses we put Oxen. THENCE to lin 5. of pag. 182. Providence has further granted Mules Asses Swine Fish and Birds for our Service and Gratification in sundry respects THENCE to lin 30. of the same page The Benefits deriv'd from the Hunting of Wild Beasts plainly speak even Them also to have been procreated for Our Behoof In the Last place he takes it for granted that the Whole Earth all the Waters which are so wonderfully productive of Advantages both within and without were made for and accommodated to us who have the Fruition of their Treasures and Opportunities THENCE to lin 25. of pag. 183. Divination Confirms the peculiar Providence of the Deity toward Man THENCE to lin 27. of p. 184. The Divine Providence not only consults Mankind in General but also Particular Persons THENCE to lin 12. of pag. 185. The Stâ—ique's Assertion before that none of the Eminent Men â—â—uld have been such without the Assistance of the Divinity is here strengthen'd by the Authority of the Poets as also by the Appearances of the Gods Portents and the rest of that sort of Significations of things to come THENCE to lin 27. of the same page He briefly Refells the Vulgar Objection against Providence of many Incommodities daily happening to Mortals and so puts an End to the Branch Sake the so mighty things I have been speaking of were with such Contrivance Amendments Explanations c. of the Last Branch of the Dispute pag. 159. Originally made and design'd whether c. pag. 159. lin 28 29. sustein'd Preserv'd by c. lin 31. fram'd c. taken so much peins upon the pag. 160. God did not take any peins in Creating the World c. pag. 160. lin 1. Moses Writes that God was so far from being put to any peins in Creating the World that he did it with a Word i. e. the Word and the Work were together For says S. Ambrose 1. Hexa He did not Speak to the end that the Operation might ensue but the Work was Done in the very Instant of Uttering the Word But And it c. lin 12. draws in takes in the more Air c. pag. 161. pag. 161. lin 2. bruis'd c. Cut in pieces and masht by them c. lin 6. stop the Breath hinder Respiration c. pag. 163. pag. 163. lin 10. Capacity of the Capacious Paunch c. lin 11. Breath Air from c. pag. 164. pag. 164. lin 1. at Others scil in both its Orifices overcoming c. lin 8. Breath The Vital Spirit Assistant to Concoction the Spirit scil that Three-fold one the Natural Vital and Animal which most Physicians allow to be included in the Veins Nerves and Arteries the Ventricle having them all in great Numbers all c. lin 12. taking in Remitting Breath and Dilate in taking it in to the c. pag. 165.
and digested are convey'd into ‖ In re iquum Corpus The Meat being thus exquisi ely cook◠is by the Pilorus Janitor or Inferiour Orifice of the Stomach discharg'd into the Intestines or Guts which are Double or rather of Two sorts the Thin three in number and the Thick three also and by their Immutative Action atteins one degree more of elaboration and fermentation other parts of the Body And then for the * The Lungs have a peculiar power to dilate and contract themselves are mov'd at one and the same Instant with the Thorax and in magnitude proportionably exceed any other of the Viscera that a plentifull proportion of air might be suckt by and conteined in them Lungs they are Rare and of a Softness like a Spunge and so most convenient for the drawing in of Air And they also contract themselves in taking in breath and dilate in returning it back to the end That Animating Nourishment whereby living Creatures do more immediately subsist may be frequently drawn Now That * i. e. The Chyle or rather the Bloud which the first concoction being finish'd is by the vermicular exuction of the Mi kie slender Veins that are in infinite numbers with open Orifices inserted into the Intestines attracted pre-dispos'd to sanguification and by distribution convey'd to the Liver To which that the Milky Liquour may arrive more pure and defecated in its journey thither the feculent part together with the Laxiviated serosity is extracted and by the Spleeny Branch deriv'd into the Spleen which converts as much of it as its Haematopoietic power can conquer into Bloud for the maintenance of it self and the remainder is excluded partly into the haemorrhoid-Haemorrhoid-veins partly into the Trunk of the Port-vein and partly by the Splenetick Arteries Juice by which we are sustein'd being by the Guts and Ventricle sever'd from the †i. e. The Grosser part thereof rest of the Meat flows to the ‖ The Liver in Galen's opinion is the first of all the parts of the Body that is finisht in Conformation It is the Shop and Authour of the Bloud and the Original of the Veins Gibbous of figure Rising up and Smooth toward the Midriff toward the Stomach is the sinous or hollow side of it somewhat unequal and rough by reason of the Distance of the Lobes the Original of the Hollow-vein and the Site of the Bladder of the Gall And its chief Connexion is with the Stomach and Guts by the Veins and Membranes of the Peritonaeum by the hollow-Hollow-vein and Artery with the Heart by the Nerve with the Brain and by the same Ligatures with all the parts of the whole Body Being hot and moist of Temper and converting the Chyle into Bloud the work of the second Concoction Liver through certain open and direct passages that from the * Media Intestina which is between the Paunch and the Lower parts Middle Entrail run along to it even as far as the very †i. e. The Vena Porta or Gate-vein which is situate in the sinous or hollow part of the Liver and divided into six branches four Simple and two Compound Its Action being to suck the Chyle out of the Ventricle and Guts and so to take and carry it unto the Liver unill it may convey back the same turn'd into Bloud for the Nutriment of the Stomach Spleen and Guts Ports thereof as they name them and cleave * i. e. to the Liver thereunto And from Thence are Other Veins propagated through which the Nourishment has its Course when slipt out of the Liver Now when the †As in every Concoction so in This of Sanguification there redound two invincible superfluities Choler or the Firy Excrement and a salt Whey or lixiviated Serosity Choler and those Humours that are pour'd forth of the ‖ The Reins or Kidney◠are of a substance fleshy dense and solid lest they should be hurt by the sharpness of the Vrine in number Two lie upon the Loins at the sides of the great Vessels on which they depend by their proper Veins and Arteries hot and moist of Temper and their Action is to cleanse the Mass of the Bloud from the greater part of the serous and cholerick Humour Reins are separated from this consistence the Residue turns to Bloud and flows to the above-nam'd Ports of the Liver whereunto all its other * i. e. Veins Passages do extend And through Them the Food being from this same place brought into the Vessel term'd the †Vena Cava which rises out of the Gibbous part of the Liver and going forth like the body of a tree is divided into two great Branches the Lesser of which goes to the Vital and Animal parts the Greater descends from the back-part of the Liver above the Vertebra's of the Lions to the parts beneath This same Vena Cava is an ample and patent Orifice that looks into the Right sinus of the Heart and drops bloud into it for the generation of Arterial Bloud the Vital Spirits and provision for the Lungs Some Opinion that the Bloud re-distill'd and elaborated in this Preparatory is immediately distributed through the whole Body Hollow Vein it is mingled together and being now clarifi'd and elaborated is through it carry'd to the Heart and from Thence distributed into every part by a great many Veins spread all over the ‖ There are four conspicuous Vessels as Sluices ordein'd in the basis of the Heart viz. Vena Cava and Vena Arteriosa which is the derivative of bloud from the Right Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs for their Nutrition and the principal Material of the Vital Spirits and Bloud in the Right and Arteria Venosa which conducts the Air extrinsecally advenient and prepar'd in the Lungs and the bloud effused by the Vena arteriosa from the Right into the Left Ventricle and expels the fuliginous Exhalations and at the same Instant conveys a parcel of the Vital Spirits into the Lungs and Arteria Magna which dispenses the Vital Spirits and Arterial Bloud after their exaltation in the Left Ventricle into the whole Body in the Left But more to the point When the Chyle is clarify'd by the official selection of the Spleen it is deliver'd up to the Liver and by the Transubstantiating Haematopoiesie thereof perfectly Metamorphoz'd into Bloud which from Thence by the ascendent and descendent Trunk of the Hollow Vein and its capillary Disseminations is by universal Distribution communicated to all the parts of the Body Body It were no hard matter to say after what manner the Excrementitious parts of the Food are detruded by girding and relaxing the Guts but That must be pass'd over for * Nè quid habeat Injucunditatis Oratio I shall venture to say for all This piece of Modesty that the Choler being collected into the Bilous Receptacle or Gall is after a convenient Interval of time from Thence through the Cholerick
Chanel excern'd into the Duodenum-gut and becomes the Bodies Natural Clyster by its acrimony extimulating the Bowels to the Exclusion of Ordure And then the Salt Whey is through the Emulgent Veins suckt in by the Kidneys in Them percolated and from Them discharg'd through the Vreters into the Vrinary Receptacle or Bladder and Then call'd Vrine For Vrine is nothing else but the Aquosity or serous Humidity of the Chyle impregnated or satisfy'd with the superabundant and indigestible Salt of our Diet. Good manners sake And I shall rather proceed to Treat of this Wonderfull Fabrique of Nature For the Air drawn into the Lungs in Breathing is made †In regard the Inspir'd Air must part with its Intense frigidity before it penetrate to the Heart the Prudent Conformator has provided Respiratours Lungs as the precipuous Organs thereof For thô the Thorax and other neighbouring parts may be allow'd Causes sine quâ non and contribute their Inserviency to Respiration modo secundario yet primarily as from its Causator this Motion flows from the Lungs to which as well as to the Heart and Brain by the Inviolable Charter of Nature is granted a peculiar Innate quality to dilate and contract themselves warm First by the Breath it self and Then by the Coagitation of the same Lungs and of it part is sent forth again by Respiration and part also taken into a certain place of the Heart call'd the * i. e. The Left which is for taking in Air into the Heart Ventricle of the †The Situation of the Heart is in the Centre of the Body if in our measure we except the Thighs and Legs and its Basis or Centre fixt in the middle of the Thorax or Chest or middle Region of the Body that from It as from a plentifull Fountain the Vital Heat and Spirits may be promptly diffus'd into the whole Body Now all the Appetitions or Irascible and Concupiscible Motions cannot be executed but by the Agitation of the Heart Arteries and fervent Spirituous Bloud Which may satisfie why the facultas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of necessity has its residence assign'd it in a Part of the hottest Temperature and indu'd with the power of Perpetual Agitation Heart which has ‖ i. e. The Right another of the same belonging to it whereinto through the aforesaid Hollow Vein the Bloud flows from the Liver And Thus from These Parts is it convey'd all over the Body by * A Vein is the Vessel Pipe or Chanel of the Bloud or bloudy Matter it has a Spermatick Substance and consists of one Coat compos'd of three sorts of Fibres Veins and Breath by †An Artery is also the Receptacle of Bloud but That spirituous and yellowish and it likewise consists of a Spermatick Substance But it has two Coats with three sorts of Fibres It contains a serous Humour too which we may believe because there are two Emulgent Arteries as well as Veins And then the Anastomasis of the Veins and Arteries that is the Application of the Mouths of of the one to the other by benefit of which they mutually communicate and draw the matters contein'd in them is very Remarkable Arteries The great numbers of both which so disseminated every where do manifest a certain Inconceivable Virtue of an Artificial and Divine Work What now shall I say of the Bones which supporting the Body are strangely tackt together and apt as well for stability accommodate for bending the Limbs as for Motion and every Action Add to This the * A Nerve is a Simple part of the Body bred and nourisht by a gross and phlegmatick humour such as the Brain the Original of all Nerves and also the Spinal Marrow indu'd with a faculty of Feeling and often times of Moving too It is cover'd with a Double Cover from the two Membranes of the Brain and besides also with a Third proceeding from the Ligaments which fasten the hinder part of the head to the Vertebra's or else from the Pericranium Nerves whereby the Joynts are contein'd and the winding Extension thereof for They like the Veins and Arteries that derive and proceed from the Heart are run along into all the Body To This so exact and curious Providence of Nature might a great deal be adjoyn'd The Particular Favours of the Divinity to Human Nature and the Convenient Situation of the Senses to insinuate how many how valuable things have by God been conferr'd upon Men. For First of all he constituted them Rais'd Upright and Erect from the Ground that by beholding the Heavens they might conceive an Apprehension of the Deity Man being upon the Earth not as a Dweller and Inhabitant but as a Contemplatour I may say of matters Celestial and Above the prospect whereof is not vouchsaf'd to any other kind of Animal And then the Senses the Interpreters and Distinguishers of things are in a wonderfull manner for necessary uses both fram'd and seated in the Head as in a Tower For the Eyes The Eyes being as Centinels do hold the highest place by which means seeing further they perform their Function It being the business of the Ears The Ears to take in Sounds which naturally Ascend they are rightly fixt in the Vppermost parts of the Body So too the Nostrils The Nostrils in that all Scents are carri'd upward are properly plac'd Above And since they have much judgment of Meats and Liquours it is with good Reason that they are near the Mouth The Taste The Taste being to discern the quality of what we feed upon abides in That * i. e. The Inward part of the Mouth near the Throat The Touch. Part wherein Nature has open'd a Passage for the Receipt of things fit to be eaten or drunk But the Touch is proportionably diffus'd thorough the whole Body that so we might be sensible of Blows and the more violent Approaches of †The precipuous Organ of the Touch is the Skin chiefly that part wherewith the Hands are lin'd as destin'd to the Common Apprehension of all things Tangible But the Adaequate are the Membranes by the benefit whereof all other parts the Skin excepted obtein the Sense of Feeling Heat and Cold. And as in Buildings the Architect averts from the Eye and Nose of the Master things that in their Course were of necessity to be Offensive so likewise has Nature plac'd at a distance from the Senses All that is of that kind The Exquisit Frame of the respective Organs of the Senses And first the Eyes and their appertenences dâ—scours'd of But what Artificer save only Nature than whom none is more Skilfull could ever have attein'd unto and discover'd so much Art as is in the Senses First she has overcast and bounded the Eyes with very Thin Membranes making them both Transparent that the Sight might work thorough them and Firm to keep them in She likewise fram'd the Eye-balls slippery and rolling that so they might
pag. 165. The First Passage of the Chyle according to the Opinion of the Ancients lin 3 4. being sever'd from the rest of the Meat flows from the Small Guts and Ventricle to the Liver thorough certain Open Passages scil the Mesaraique Veins direct from the Mesentery which is a sort of Membranous Body made up of Two Coats almost Numberless Veins and Arteries and much Kernel and Fat whereunto the Guts stick and are fasten'd that from the same Middle Entrail or Mesentary even as far as that which they call the Port Vein these Mesaraique Veins being all Branches of the Porta run along to the Liver and cleave Thereunto c. lin 9 c. Thence c. pag. 166. pag. 166. lin 1. scil from the Ports of the Liver or Port-Vein propagated lin 2. through the whole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as they term it of the Liver Nourishment lin 3. i. e. the Chyle now turn'd to Bloud Liver lin 4. scil to the Heart and other parts of the Body pour'd forth of distill'd says Laurentius from the Reins The Office of the Reins scil the Right and the Left whose Office it is to receive these Humours sever'd from the Bloud as the Bladder of the Gall takes in the Yellow Choler and the Spleen the Black thorough those Capillary Disseminations First into certain Caruncles next How and whither they convey what they receive into the Membranaceous Tube andVrinary Vessels usually term'd theVreters and then into the Bladder Consistence scil the Chyle that is brought to the Liver it s other Passages the Other Veins scil of the Liver do The Passage of the Bloud from the Port to the Hollow Vein c. lin 9. And lin 10. all the Nourishment Chyle or Bloud in this same Place scil the port-Port-Vein being thorough Them slipt to the Vessel term'd the Hollow Vein in consideration of its remarkable Size and Cavity it flows in so says Tully The Watry Humour when separated from the Bloud according to Modern Anatomistâ— But at this day 't is generally thought that after both the Cholers are sever'd from the Bloud the Serous Humidity still remains with it that by the help thereof it may the more easily get through those so narrow Passages which lead from the Port to the Hollow Vein and that this Watry Humour is not separated from the Bloud till after by this Vehicle as it were it has enter'd the Hollow Vein The Liver the Chief Instrument of Sanguification in the opinion of the Ancients and of Galen But Aristotle and the Stoâ—ques make the Heart to be it elaborated shut up in Vessels c. lin 14. The Ancients ran into the Mistake of the Liver 's being the almost only Instrument of Sanguification by reason they had not found out the Milky Veins since discover'd and the new-Office invented for the Liver by Later Anatomists Galen was for the Liver to be the Authour of Bloud Aristotle for the Heart Balbus here in making it first to slow from the Liver then from the Heart seems to side first with the one then with the other and scarce to agree with himself all Physicians allowing the Original of the Bloud and of the Veins to be one and the same See Averrhoës Vesalius c. for Aristotle and Laurentius c. for Galen Girding scil above and Relaxing below the Crasse Entrails pag. 167. pag. 167. lin 2. it belonging to Them to detrude the Excrementitious parts of our Food The Office of the Entrails Their Description may be seen in Laurentius Nature lin 5. scil of Man Man a Little World the Epitome of the World or of Universal Nature as Laurentius Lib. 1. Cap. 2. Anatom clearly shews in Breathing by Aspiration c. lin 6. Breath Spirit it c. lin 7. Coagitation Contact of c. lin 8. from These Parts scil the Two Ventricles of the Heart it c. pag. 168. pag. 168. lin 8. Breath i. e. the more Subtle part of the Bloud term'd the Vital Spirit by c. lin 9. Theodoret referr'd Theodoret's Third Oration concerning Providence furnishes an Elegant Description of the Admirable Contexture of the Veins and Arteries in all the Body Supporting being put under the Other parts of the Body to support them are c. l. 14. contein'd tackt together c. p. 169. pag. 169. lin 2. They c. lin 3. Galen delivers that the Stoiques Whence the Nerves are Deriv'd with the Peripatetiques held the Nerves as well as the Veins and Arteries to proceed from the Heart the First Made they thought of all the Parts We derive them from the Brain Providence Workmanship of Divine Nature c. lin 6 7. Erect from the Ground c. lin 11. Laurentius Lib. 1. c. 2. gives the Efficient Material and Final Causes of This Rectitude deriv'd even from Nature it self upon arisen out of the c. lin 14. Inhabitant upon it but lin 15. Other Animal c. lin 18. and yet Naturalists affirm the Elephant to Worship the Sun Moon and Stars The Religion of the Elephant and the Eagle also the Sun Judgment c. pag. 170. pag. 170. lin 3. in that it very mu h belongs to Them to Judge of Meats and Drinks c. approaches Attempts Attacks of c. lin 12. Nature the Maker of Man plac'd c. lin 17. none is more skilfull none can be more Sagacious could so industriously and ingeniously have contriv'd the Senses c. lin 20 c. in their proper place she c. lin 27. shutting up Covering the c. pag. 171. pag. 171. lin 9. Hearing Ear c. lin 28. it This Sense even c. lin 29. Flexucus Tortuous c. lin 31. Horny and have many windings that c. pag. 172. pâ—g 170. lin 6. And therefore Wherefore i. e. by reason of the same Hardness do Lutes and Harps send forth Musical Sounds which from their Tortuous and Recluse Bellies are return'd much Lowder c. lin 9 c. Fram'd Plaister'd c. p. 173. pag. 173. l. 12. Vertues and Vices c. pag. 174. pag. 174. lin 2. This is not spoken out of a Philosophical but only a kind of Civil Opinion Aristotle c. making Colour and Light to be the Proper and Adequate Objects of Sight as well in Beasts as Men. Emprovement c. for the Perceiving and Relishing the Delicacies of which Senses are c. l. 17. Delicacies c. whatever may render the Body Trim and Gay are c. l. 22. have no claim to be without any c. lin 27. Understanding c. Notion of Principles Then c. lin 31. Define Particular Things and Comprize them in a few Words and so c. pag. 175. pag. 175. lin 1 2. think c. Extenuate or absolutely Deny in that we perceive what 's without us i. e. External Objects both by the Senses and the Mind of which