hardy and desirous of revenge liberall and ambitious they have light sleepe with suddaine wakings fiery and furious dreames they most desire meats and drinkes that are cold and moist and are subject to burning feavors phrensie jaundies bloody flux and pustulous inflammations Signes of a phlegmatick complexion You shall know phlegmaticke persons by a white face something livid a fat body being soft and cold to the touch they are subject to Oedematous tumours catarrhes distilling downe upon the lunges and dropsie they are slothfull drowsie and of a dull capacity dreaming of waters drowning floods and the like they cast up much phlegmaticke watery matter by vomit and spitting and are troubled with a doglike appetite and with the chollicke Signes of a melancholicke complexion Those that are melancholicke are swart cloudy and sterne of countenance they are subject to divers evill A Table of the Humours in Mans Body The humours in mans body are of three kindes which are either I. Elementarie of the purest portion of the parents seed as I. Bloud or the airie portion of the seed II. Phlegme the watry part of the seed Of which as of their proper elements are generated I. the Flesh the Heart the Liver the Lights the Spleen The Reines II. the Brain the spinall marrow the Nerves the Veines the Arteries III. The Bones the Gristles of the Bones the Ligaments the Tendons III. Melancholy the earthly part of the seed Choler or the hot and fierie portion of the seed of which no member is generated but thereby the parts formed are fashioned and dried in the wombe II. Alimentary which are generated of the nourishment taken into the body and are either Naturall spred in the veines and knowne by the name of bloud as Bloud Phlegme Choler and Melancholy Of the naturall humours before the digestion be perfected arise the second humours the humour innominate or oyly Ros or dew Gluten like glew and Cambion Vnnaturall or sickly as Bloud putrified serous Phlegmaticke in the veines choler adust in the liver pale in the liver vitteline in the liver Leeke colour in the ventricle Aeruginous in the ventricle Blew in the ventricle Cholerick or Melancholicke Phlegme Choler Melancholy acide or sowre salt in the veines Melancholy Bloud by being adust Choler by being adust Melancholy by being adust raw in the brain Glassie Plaister-like in the joynts III. Excrementitious which may bee perceived from the alimentary and are either profitable Choler in the gall Melancholy in the spleen Spittle in the jawes Milk in the dugges unprofitable Sweat Vrine Snot Menstruous bloud Phlegmatick excrements in the Braine Belly Guts gathered together Place this Table in page 39. at this marke ✚ diseases as quartaine quintane sextane and septimane feavers cancers simple and ulcerated and oftentimes with a leprosie the coldnesse that raignes in them makes them have small veines and arteries their bodies cold and hard their dreames very terrible as of divells and monsters of graves dead corpes and in the night many blacke representations before their eyes being awake they are for the most part froward deceitfull covetous of few words cowards carefull and lovers of solitarinesse slow to anger but once angred hard to be reconciled But note that these humours often change the temper of mans body for there are divers that are sometimes sanguine sometimes againe cholericke melancholicke or phlegmaticke nor happens this by the blood but by the diet as hot and dry meats make a sanguine man cholericke and grosse meats that breed and encrease evill blood as Venison Hares c. will bring either of these to a melancholy likewise cold and moist meats breed phlegme but that I may not exceed my intended brevity I shall adde a table of humours and so proceed to the next which is the members or parts of the body ✚ CHAP. IV. Of Members What a member is THE Members are bodies ingendred of the first commixtion of elements humours and spirits because they consist of a solid fleshy and spirituous substance By partes in generall I understand the head breast belly and their adjuncts by the particular partes of those I understand the simple similar partes which are in number only eight bones gristles fibres ligaments membranes tendones simple flesh and skin some adde to these vaines arteries fat marrow nailes and haires others omit them as excrements these aforesaid are called simple rather in the judgment of sense then of reason for all are nourished have life and sense either manifest or obscure A bone A bone is earthly drie and hard that they may the better serve in the foundation of the whole body and uphold it as pillars and this ought not to be all one bone but divided into divers partes that the body may with ease bend its members which way necessity requires of these some are hollow and some solid the first nourished by marrow the last by a thick bloud entring by the pores as may be perceived in broken bones which are united by a Callus which is generated of the reliques of the alimentary bloud A gristle A gristle is the same in substance that a bone is of and is meerly a soft bone that may be crushed as the bones of children are but gristles untill the heate encreasing with age doth harden them into bones gristles doe differ in themselues for some are at the ends of the bones as in the huckle bone nose sternon and knots of the ribs others without bones as in the eares the flap of the weasell throtle aspera arteria and basis of the heart A ligament As a bone is harder then a gristle so is a gristle harder then a ligament which serves only to hold the bones together which otherwise would slip asunder it is in colour and substance very like a nerve but harder and altogether without sense and feeling excepting some few which either receive the nerves or have their originall from the sensible membranes A tendon A tendon is the end and taile of the arbitrary muscles and the first instrument of motion and is called a tendon from the latin Tendendo because it stretches like a cord when the member is moved it is so much softer then a ligament as it is harder then a nerve it feeeles and is moved by a voluntary motion by reason of the nerves but by reason of the ligaments it knits the muscles to the bones A fibre A fibre is a small thred but firme and strong which nature hath placed in the muscles that so the body may move every way the right fibres do draw the transverse do put back the oblique do hold every one helpes one another as if you should hooke your fingers one within another A membrane A membrane and a coate differ onely in this a membrane is a name of substance a coat is a name of office for where a membrane invests any part it is called a coate in some parts it hath a proper name as that which involues the bones is called the
periosteum that which covers the braine pan is called the pericranion which covers the braine is called the mevinx that which covers the ribs and the contained parts as the heart lights and aspera arteria is a proper coate and is called a compassing membrane that which containes the naturall parts and gives to every one his proper coat is called peritoneum and from these the parts have feeling for if you scrape the periosteum from the bone you may cut the bone burn it or any thing without any paine Skinne The skin is the greatest of all the membranes it is the coat covering all the body except such places by which any excrements are evacuated as the eies eares nose privities fundament mouth and ends of the fingers where the nailes grow it is the sluce of the whole body through which it is purged by sweat from all fulginous excrements of substance it is spermaticke for being once lost it cannot be restored as formerly it was but there remaines a skar which is nothing els but flesh dried beyond measure it takes its feeling from the nerves of which together with veines and arteries it is composed and is by nature cold and drie ordained for to keep safe and sound the continuity of the whole body and all the parts thereof from the violent assault of all externall dangers Simple flesh Simple flesh may be seene in the gummes and ends of the fingers the flesh of a muscle is very like these â—ut it is not simple in the pâ—ppes and stones it is called gludulous flesh and the substance of the heart and liver is called flesh but improperly Fat Fat and flesh proceed both from one and the same matter that is blood the difference is that flesh comes of blood heate and overdried the fat from cold by a certaine congealing or growing together of membranes it is of a middle temper betweene heat and cold although it may seeme cold in respect of the efficient cause that is of cold by which it concreates in the joynts is another sort of fat farre more solid and hard then the former and it is mixed with a viscid humour tough like the whites of Egs that it may for a good space moisten those parts which are subject to much drines by their continuall motion another kinde of fat is called seame Seame which is much dryer then ordinary fat and lyes principally about the midriffe where there are many windings of arteries and veines it lyes also about the reines loynes and basis of the heart Compound members Those parts are called compound which are made and composed by the mediation or immediately of the simple which they terme otherwise organicall or instrumentall as an Arme Leg Hand Foote and others of that kinde the simple parts cannot be devided into any particles but of the same kinde but the compound may they are called instrumentall and organicall because they performe such actions of themselves as serves for the preservation of themselves and the whole body as the eye by it selfe not assisted by any other part seeth and by his faculty defends the whole body and also it selfe In each instrumentall part we observe foure properties One by which the action is properly performed as the Christaline humour in the eye The Second without which the action cannot be perfomed as the nerve the other humors of the eye The Third whereby the action is better and more conveniently done as the tunicles and muscles The Fourth by which the action is preserved as the eye-lid and circle of the eye The same we say of the hand as First by the muscle Secondly by the ligament Thirdly by the bones and nailes Fourthly by the veines arteries and skinne Instrumentall parts The instrumentall parts have a fourefold order those that are immediately composed of the simple are of the first order as the muscles and vessels they are of the second that consist of the first simple and others besides as the fingers they are of the third that are composed of the second order and others besides as the hand in generall The fourth order is the whole body the instrument of the soule In all these parts whether simple or compound we doe consider nine things Substance Quantity Figure Composition Number Connexion Temperature Action and Use Amongst the organicall parts there is three principall parts governing all the rest viz. the Braine Heart and Liver because from them some force power or faculty proceeds and flowes over the whole body when as there is no such sent from any other part To these some adde the testicles not for that they are of necessity of the individuall or peculiar body but for generation and preservation of the species Herein we may see the industry of nature who like a good Architect seeks not only to build and furnish her fabricke with all kinde of materialls necessary by which the body may live but also she hath furnished it with the testicles thereby to make it immortall because hereby every one may substitute another in his place before he depart this world The veines arteries and nerves are the first simple instrumentall parts the veines Veines spring all from the liver the arteries Arteries from the heart except only the vena arteriosa which hath its originall from the eight ventricle of the heart it is called vena arteriosa Vena arteriosa compositively therefore is not reckoned amongst the simple instrumentall parts for it is called a veine because it distributes alimentary blood to the lungs and arterious because like an artery it consists of two coates all the rest consist but of one coate knit together with a triple kinde of fibres and this veine hath two principall cavities one by which the Chylus is carried to the liver and is called vena porta Vena porta or the gate veine the other by which the blood made out of the Chylus is dispersed amongst all the members for nourishment and is called vena cava Vena cava the hollow veine The gate veine hath its originall in the blunt end or lower end of the liver and there it spreads its rootes The hollow veine beginneth in the gibbous part of the liver The truncke of the gate veine is divided into two principall branches the one is splenicus which is carried to the spleene the other is mesentericus which goes to the mesentery it hath other small slips that nourish the most part of the lower belly and take their names from the parts they nourish as that which nourishes the ventricle is called grastica intestinalis that nourishes the intestines cistica which brings nourishment to the bladder of the gall from the mesentery branch spring small slips to the right gut which makes the hemorroids The truncke of the hollow veine is also divided into two branches one is carried upwards to nourish the superiour parts another is carried downward to nourish the inferiour An artery differs from a veine because it consists of two
the five senses sight hearing taste smell and touch to the performance whereof necessarily occurre these three 1. the organe 2. the medium or meane 3. the object The organe is the animall spirit diffused all over the body the meane carries the object to the instrument the object is an externall quality that can by a medicine stirre up the organe as for example sight is the seeing faculty acted by the eye which is the organe the object is the visible quality before the eye the medium arrives the object at the eye The hearing faculty whereof the eare is the organe every sound the object the medium is the ayre that carries the sound to the eare The smelling faculty commeth from the mammillary processes produced from the proper substance of the braine and seated in the upper part of the nose the object is every smell the medium by which it is carried is to men birds and beasts the aire to fishes the water The action of the taste is performed by the tongue the object is the taste of severall meats and drinkes the medium is either externall as is the spittle that doth moisten the tongue or internall as the spongy flesh of the tongue it selfe All parts endued with a nerve enjoy the sense of touching the object is every tractable quality as heat cold roughnesse c. The medium is either the skin or the flesh endued with those nerves The next action is voluntary motion and is performed by a muscle as I shewed you in the Chapter of Parts or Members either by extention or contraction upward downeward to the right hand to the left hand forward or backward The principall action is threefold 1. Imagination 2. Reason 3. and Memory Imagination is a certaine distinguishing apprehension Reason is a certaine judiciall estimation of things apprehended Memory is the sure storer of all things as in a magazine which the minde oft unfolds CHAP. VII Of Spirits What a spirit is THE Spirit is the substance subtle and acrious of our body bred of the most pure and thinne bloud and is the prime instrument wherby the members shall performe their office and they abide most in the heart and arteries in the braine and nerves Division of spirits The Spirits are divided into three parts animall vital naturall Animall spirit the animall is seated in the braine for there it is prepared and made and of which a great part is sent to the eyes by the nerves optickes and some to the eares and divers other parts this kind is called animall because it is the chiefe and prime instrument of life Vitall spirit The vitall spirit hath his chief mansion in the left ventricle of the heart and in the arteries and is made of the evaporation of the bloud and furnished with matter from the aire which we draw in breathing and is sent from his seate in the heart through the channels of the arteries into the whole for the conservation of naturall heate Naturall spirit The naturall spirit is engendred in the liver and veines and there remaines while the bloud is made and other naturall operations perfected the use of it is to helpe the concoction both of the whole body and of each severall part and to carry blood and heate to them These spirits being dissipated we cannot hope for life because the flower therof is decaied and wasted in their defect Now to these naturall things which I have shewed you are associate and joyned these foure following viz. Age Colour Figure or Scite and Kinde or Composure Age is a space or part of our life in which our bodies are subject to mutations and of this I have sufficiently spoken before The Colour shewes the temperament of the body and the just proportion of humours as if there be a just proportion of the foure humours the colour is red if aboundance of melancholy the colour is livide and blacke if aboundance of choller the colour is citrine and yellow if phlegme the colour is white and pale Scite and figure shew the good composure and connexion of all the parts of a body fitly and duely compacted as they ought to be of this kind there are foure quadrature crassitude or thickenesse extenuation and fatnesse Sex is the distinction betwixt Male and Female not in parts but in constitution as the Male is commonly hot the Female cold and so are Eunuches CHAP. VIII Of things not naturall which is the second part of Physicke What things not naturall are HAving shewed you things naturall whereof mans body is composed and what they are as Elements Humours c. as we formerly comprehended under the name naturall we will now proceed in the description of things not naturall which are used to conserve and defend the body composed and made of the things naturall already spoken of these doe pertaine to that of Physicke which is for preserving health and are the meane betwixt things naturall and things against nature for they doe not constitute our nature as things naturall neither doe they hurt or damage it as things against nature but they are indifferent good if they be well used and bad if they be ill used the use whereof we consider from foure conditions quantity quality occasion and manner of using These being observed you may effect and cause things doubtfull of themselves to bring undoubted health things not naturall are in number six 1. the aire that goeth about us 2. the meate and drinke we use 3. the motion and rest of our bodies 4. sleeping and waking 5. repletion and inanition or things to be expelled or retained 6. and perturbations of the minde CHAP. IX Of Aire Aire AIRE is so necessary for us that not one minute of health can be enjoyed without the same as we may perceive by the continuall transpiration and breathing that all living creatures have for their refreshing and to regender the spirit animal and therefore because we so often draw it in breath it out it wil be very necessary for our health to know what aire is wholesome and what unwholesome for the aire doth alter our bodies three manner of waies by quality as if it be horter moister or drier by substance as if it be more grosser or more subtle then is fit or by mutation which any man may prove who makes a suddaine change out of a quiet aire into a stormy and that is troubled with winds The most healthfull Aire Therefore the most healthfull and best aire is that which is cleere subtle and pure free and open on every side exempt from evill evaporations fennes sinkes cloudes rotten and carrion like smells of dead carkasses standing pooles and all corruption that is neither is too hot nor too cold too drie nor too moist and this aire is the best both for the preserving of health and curing of diseases Evill Aire The evill aire is quite contrary to the good as that which is putride shut prest up in some narrow place thicke rotten
Aquarius â™’ The eleventh signe Aquarius raigneth in Ianuary and hath the name of the water-man forasmuch as Saint Iohn Bâ—ptist baptised our Saviour in the flood of Iordan to beginne to institute the new law of Baptisme and end the old law of Circumcision Whosoever is borne in this signe shâ—ll be negligent and lose his goods and shall be carelesse in his course of life Pisces ♓ The twelveth signe Pisces raigneth in February and hath the name of fishes forasmuch as Ionas the Prophet was cast into the sea and three daies and three nights lay in the belly of a Whale Whosoever is borne in that signe shall be gratious and happy if he make use of time But note that neither the planets nor the signes wherin they worke do constraine any man to doe good or evill but he may by his owne will and the grace of God doe good although he be disposed to evill after the nature and influence of his planet and on the contrary by his owne evill inclination he may doe evill though by his planet ha be disposed to good Saturnus ♄ Saturne hath the highest place of all the planets which hee compasseth once in thirty yeares and is a planet wicked and an enemy to humane nature a destroyer of life cold drie earthly and is masculine of the day he rules the right eare spleene bladder and bones melancholy humours mixt with flegme he hath dominion over old men solitary stubborne leane covetous and gluttonous persons the greatnesse of his body is 91 times so big as the earth his character is thus ♄ Iupiter ♃ Iupiter ends his course almost in twelve yeares he is a planet benevolent good hot and moist he rules the liver lights lungs arteries bloud and seed and the left eare humours sanguine humble just honest true liberall and rich Persons Prelates and Bishops his character is thus ♃ the greatnesse of his body is 95. times so big as the earth Mars Mars circleth his sphere once in two yeares almost he is a planet hot and drie immoderately governes the gall veines sinewes and stones the humour cholericke disdainefull seditious cruell bold and carelesse persons the greatnesse of his body is once so bigge as the earth and halfe so bigge and an eight part his character is thus ♂ The Sun ☉ Sol the lampe of heaven he passeth through the twelve signes of the Zodiack in three hundred threescore and five daies he giveth life naturall to all things and is a planet moderately hot and drie masculine of the day he rules the braine marrow and joyntes kings princes magistrates and famous persons the greatnesse of his body is 166. times so bigge as the earth his character is thus ☉ Venus ♀ Venus endeth her course as doth the sunne she is a planet feminine of the night cold and moist temperate she rules the throate pappes belly reines matrix and buttocks and humours phlegmatick governeth persons that are meeke pleasant lovers dancers musitians and Poets the greatnesse of her body is the 37 part of the earth her character is thus ♀ Mercury ☿ Mercury maketh his course as the Sun and Venus he is a planet variable unequall good with the good and bad with the bad sometimes masculine of the day and sometimes feminine of the night hot with the hot and cold-with the cold moist with the moist and drie with the drie planets whichsoever he is configured unto he rules the mouth tongue thoughts and memorie devisers of any subtilty or craft crafty deceitfull proud unconstant and lying persons the greatnesse of his body is the 32000. part of the earth his character is this ☿ Luna ☽ Luna the moone makes her passage through the Zodiacke in nine and twenty daies and eight houres and overtakes the Sunne in nine and twenty daies and twelue houres or thereabouts she is a planet naturally cold and moist of the night feminine she is the carrier of the influence of all the planets through her orbe unto us she rules the stomacke tast liver and the left-side she governes noble women widdowes also mariners and vagabondes and humors phlegmatike the greatnesse of her body is the 39. part of the earth her character is thus ☽ It shall be also necessary to consider the place country soyle windes and waters their good effects and their bad the temperature of the climate and the nature of the foure cardinall windes East which is hot and drie West which is cold and moist North which is cold and drie South which is hot and moist These I have the rather insisted upon because I find them so necessary to be knowne and duely considered in the administring of medicines CHAP. III. Of Humours AN humour is whatsoever is moist and liquid in substance into which the nourishment is first converted in the body of living creatures endewed with bloud and is called an humour not because all of them have one and the same force of moistning but because all of them have a fluent substance For choler and melancholy according to Reolanus are drie humours humours because of their liquid consistence and drie because they have the naturall force of drying The humours are the first begotten matter out of the mixture of the four elements choler of fire phlegme of water melancholy of the earth bloud of the aire for it is hot and moist as the aire An humour is either elementary alimentary or excrementitious elementary is the purest parts of the seed alimentary is that which is generated of the nourishment in the body by the native heat and mixed in the veines by the name of bloud but not only bloud for it hath a mixture of the three other humours although the greatest part be bloud and of these are produced the second humours inominata or without name ros dew gluten which is ros condensed and cambion excrementitious which is either profitable and necessary as choler in the gall melancholy in the spleen spittle in the jawes and milke in the dugs or unprofitable as urine sweate excrement of the nose and menstruous blood The alimentary Humour as I have said which is fit to nourish the body is that humour which is contained in the veines and arteries of a man who is temperate and perfectly well in health and is knowne by the generall name of Blood which is let out at the opening of a veine though it be in divers parts of the body unlike and different for the thicke blood which is in the bottome is not an humour but is melancholy blood the light froth that swimmes on the top is not Choller but cholericke blood unlesse it be changed by nature into choller and melancholy which often it is and from the blood is knowne because being out of its vessels it will congeale but the humour never at all for blood otherwise taken is an humour of a certaine kinde destinguished by heat and warmth from the other humours comprehended with it in the whole masse of the blood Blood in
naturall heate encreased expels phlegme Age is also to be considered for young men that are in their flourishing age suffer more hurt then old men that are cold and drie The immoderate and overmuch use of venery procures divers discomodities as the faintnesse of the spirits forgetfulnesse losse of sight stinking of the mouth diseases of the joynts as trembling palsey gowtes of all kindes both in feet hands and fingers crampes runing of the reines pissing of bloud shedding of urine unvoluntary and divers times the French pox with exulceration of the privities Menstruous fluxe The monthly purgation evacuates not onely the humours and ill juice of the belly but also it cleanseth the body and whole masse of bloud it diminisheth not the bloud at all but only taketh away the impurity thereof for the crudest thinnest and the most faeculent bloud is purged by the wombe which if it stayed would generate many dangerous diseases by its putrefaction for bloud restrained putrifies therefore in such that often misse their naturall purgations it is very fit and necessary that they take decoctions sirrups or pilles such as are to provoke them Now for the evacuation of tumours I have seene divers that have dyed by the unskilfulnesse of such as had them in cure or else by their carelesnesse by letting the matter flow forth altogether at one time and not by little and little and at severall times as it should wherby not a little quantity of the spirits and heat hath flowed out therwith and so consequently a dissolution of all the powers CHAP. XIV Of passions and perturbations of the mind which are commonly called the accidents of the mind Accidents of the mind PErturbations or passions of the mind are the suffering of the mind either by joy hope love hatred anger and the like which bring great mutations in the body most necessary to be remarked because of the great chances that ensue thereupon for by these motions the heate and spirits are sometimes gently sometimes violently diffused over all the body for enjoying of the present or future good or by receiving any affront whereby many have so exceedingly been moved that they have died What joy is Ioy is an affection of the minde of a thing good and pleasant which recreates and quickens all the faculties and stirres up the spirits for it proceeds from the heart mooved by the facultie at the thing causing mirth and the heart thus mooved is dilated and ready to receive the exhilarating object and by the force of the dilatation it sends forth much heat and spirits together with the bloud into all the body insomuch that oftentimes death ensues because the heart is altogether destitute of bloud What anger is Anger is a suddaine revocation or calling back the spirits to the externall parts with a desire of revenge it causeth the same effusion of heate in us as joy doth but farre speedier it inflameth the whole habitude of the body spirits and humours and also the braines and nerves Griefe Sorrow dries and wastes the body by a lingring consumption because by it the heart is straitned the heat extinct and the spirits cannot be generated nor if any be yet they cannot freely passe into the members with the bloud Feare Feare is a motion which calles back and drawes in the spirits to the heart by the arteries and not by little and little as sorrow but suddenly and violently which suffocateth the naturall heate causeth trembling maketh the face pale and the extreame parts cold with an universall shaking and pulsation of the heart Shame Shame is a motion of our body mixed of anger and feare anger for being suspected or knowne in a fault and fearing the judgement of others if feare prevaile over anger the face wâ—xeth pale the bloud running back to the heart but if anger get the dominion then on the contrary the bloud runnes to the face and the eies look red but there is another kind of shame which we call shamefastnes shamefastnes in which the bloud goes and comes forward and backward but it is a gentle motion not hurting the heart and is familiar to yong maids who often blush by being taken with a fault unawares These things ought to be considered by every practitioner in the curing of any disease for if any accident happen that shall procure any one or more of these perturbations and passions you shall easily perceive a suddaine alteration in the patient Next I shall shew you the things against nature which are such as are apt to weaken and corrupt the state of our body CHAP. XV. Of things against nature which is the third part of Physicke and first of a disease What are things against nature THings against nature are three a disease the cause of a disease and a symptom Distemperature A Disease is an affect against nature which manifestly hurteth the operations of the body health is an effect according to nature perfecting the actions of our body A disease is threefold distemperature evill conformation and solution of continuity distemperature is a disease of the similar parts of it selfe hurtfull diseases of the similar parts are as many as there are distemperatures and so many distemperatures as there were at the first kindes of temperaments whereof foure are simple as hot cold moist and dry as many are compound as hot and moist cold and dry cold and moist hot and dry the distemperature is called hot when the naturall heat is augmented and encreased so much either in all or in part that it hurts the operations and so of the rest Evill conformity Evill conformity is a fault of the organick parts and ind is called a disease in number as when some thing abounds or somewhat wants that is needfull towards the undergoing of the function of the organick part as if a hand have foure or six fingers it cannot so well take hold on any thing if a man have but one testicle or more then two he is not so fit for generation Also such things as grow against naure and adhere to some pâ—rt as a polypus in the nose a caruncle in the conduit of the yard and the like these are diseases in number but if a member be cut off either in part or in all it is a disease of defect and of this sort are all such things as are contrary to nature as the stone wormes and the like likewise if an arme or a legge be too long or too short or if any part be either bigger or lesser then is necessâ—ry it is called a disease of greatnes for nature hath given to every part a certaine kind of species and bignes which if it exceed or be lesse then it is not right if the testicles pappes or the belly wax so big that the actions are therby hindred it is called a disease of encreased greatnesse in one part as when the tongue is longer or shorter then it should be it hinders the speech But besides the number of the
ascendant A Planet is a Starre which is discording or differing from the lesser Starres in forming and working for they are greater and of more power then those that are lesse The Moone is said much to alter the constitution of our bodies by those signes wherein she enters therefore I shall first declare unto you the twelve signes and the parts they governe and consequently the diseases caused by the influence of the Moone in every one of those signes First Aries hath his place in the head face eares and the diseases are headach toothach paine in the eyes pimples morphew scurfe in the face and such like Taurus governeth the necke and throate and the diseases are the Kings-evil hoarsenesse in the throate weaknesse in the necke and blacke chollar or melancholy squinances catarrhes and other diseases of the necke throate Gemini ruleth the shoulders armes hands and fingers and their diseases proceeding of bloud in the said parts as frankles and such like and some comming of phlegme Cancer hath dominion in the pappes breast ribs the upper part of the belly part of the stomacke the spleen and lungs it ruleth over phlegmaticke humours and denoteth impediments in the eyes darkenesse in the sight spots and pustles in the face the scab leprosie lithargy galling of the skinne and evill sickenesses of the body and face comming of phlegme Leo governeth the heart neather part of the stomack and ribs backebone sides small guts and the liver and the sickenesse proceeding from chollar citrine and others as trembling of the heart swounding c. Virgo ruleth the belly intrailes midriffe and over melancholy and signifieth all ill humours proceeding of melancholy as Iliacopassio collica passio and the like Libra hath dominion in the reynes and loynes neather part of the belly navell hanches and buttockes and over blood and specifieth dimnes of sight retention of Urine and of digestion of fluxes and the like Scorpio ruleth the secret parts the bladder and parts of generation and the flanckes and over phlegmaticke humours and aquosities and showeth lepry scabs spots in the face cankers fistulaes hemorhoids the stone falling of the haire scurfes and deformed diseases in the face and all the body poisoned by medicine Sagittarius hath his dominion in the thighes with the apurtenances and all superfluous parts as a sixt part of the fingers c. and over choller and the diseases proceeding thereof as Feavers Agues falls from high places darkenesse or impediments of theeyes and from the sixteenth degree to the eighteenth he signifieth hurts by horses and wounds Capricorne governeth the knees and their diseases leprosie scabs galls defects of the skinne losse of hearing speech and sight feavers issues of blood in the inferiour parts and fluxes also and diseases comming of melancholy Aqaurius ruleth the legs and their diseases proceeding of blood blacke jaundise quartaine feavers inscision of the veines and from the twentieth degree to the five and twentieth it noteth paines in the eyes Pisces hath dominion in the feete and over their diseases as the gout scab leprosie palsie paine in the feete galls in the skin and ulcers and is a signe very sickely and phlegmaticke These are the proper significations of the signes by themselves or when the Moone is in them passing through all the parts of mans body yet notwithstanding the Moone and other Planets have divers and severall significations in all the signes particularly appropriative to themselves very necessary to be observed having speciall relation to the part of the body diseased and grieved as may appeare by what is said whereby it is thought very evill to administer any medicine to the part which is governed of any signe the day that the Moone is in it except necessity urge nor to make any incision in any member least efflux of blood follow and diverse other inconveniences The Ancients also considered the twelve monethes of the yeare with the twelve signes in which they are said to worke according to their nature one with another but each one hath his severall month wherein he properly raignes Aries ♈ And first raignes Aries in the month of March for in that signe say they God made the world and to this signe the old Iewish Philosophers gave the name of Aries that is to say a Ram forasmuch as Abraham made his offering to God of a Ram for his sonne Isaac and whosoever is borne in this signe shall be timerous or dreadfull but he shall have grace and good inclination Taurus ♉ The second signe Taurus raigneth in April it hath the name of Bull forasmuch as Iacob wrastled and strove with the Angel Whosoever is borne in this signe shal have good successe in all manner of beasts and cattle of the field Gemini ♊ The third signe Gemini raigneth in May it hath the name of twinnes forasmuch as Adam and Eve were formed and made of one kind Whosoever is borne in this signe poore and feeble shall he be and shall live in griefe because Adam and Eve bewailed their fall Cancer ♋ The fourth Cancer raigneth in Iune and hath the name Crab or Canker forasmuch as Iob was full of Leprosie and Kankrous Sores which is a Worme that throvgh the permission of God eateth the flesh Whosoever is borne in this signe he shall be feeble of body but shall obtaine grace if he seek it of God Leo. ♌ The fift signe Leo raigneth in Iuly and hath the name of a Lyon forasmuch as Daniel the Prophet was put into a Lyons den Whosoever is borne in this signe shall be a bold and stout man and a hardy Virgo â™ The sixt signe Virgo raignes in August and hath the name of a Virgin forasmuch as our Lady that blessed Virgin before birth in birth and after birth was a pure Virgin Whosoever is borne under this signe shall be wise and learned and shall suffer blame for a just cause Libra ♎ The seventh signe Libra raigneth in September and hath the name of the ballance that hang in equall poise forasmuch as Iudas Iscariot tooke counsell with the Iewes for the betrâ—ying of our Saviour Whosoever is borne in this signe he shall be a wicked man and a traytor an evill death shall he dye if the course of nature prevaile but if he seeke after grace and mercy he may escape it Scorpio â™ The eight signe Scorpio raigneth in October and hath the name of a Scorpion forasmuch as the children of Israel passed through the Red Sea Whosoever is borne in this signe shall have many angers tribulations and vexations Sagittarius â™ The ninth signe Sagittarius raigneth in November and hath the name of the Archer forasmuch as David fought with Goliah Whosoever is borne under this signe shall be hardy and lecherous Capricornus ♑ The tenth signe Capricornus raigneth in December and hath the name of the Goat forasmuch as the Iewes lost the blessing of our Lord Iesus Christ Whosoever is borne under this signe shall be rich and loving
complexion is hot and moist rather temperate incolour Red Rosie or Crimson in smell not stinking in taste savoury of indifferent consistence neither too thicke nor too thinne and is of the nature of three signes of the Aire Gemini Libra Aquarius and hath its originall in the very first minute of our creation and is encreased by the meate we eat being drawne into the bottome of the ventricle and there detained untill by force of concoction it is turned into a thicke substance of colour according to the meate we eat much like in consistence to almond butter and this is called the Chylus which is formed round that it may be the better sucked out for were it like a trough that which was before concocted would be over much whiles the other is sucked out This Chylus seeming one and the same thing in its selfe yet consists of parts of a different nature either by reason of the variety of meats or by one and the selfe same meate this being perfectly concocted is received by the vena porta or gate veine and driven from thence into the small guts and sucked in by the meseraick veines so enters the liver where as some have thought it gets no tincture or rudiment but it being before coloured gives colour to the liver which otherwise is a thing of another kinde and of a farre different colour and from thence it enters the heart where it is perfected for they are much deceived who imagine the blood to have its originall in the liver for in Embrioes you may see the heart and all the vessels made before they live and an Egge in foure and twenty houres will be blood and then a Chicken so the bloud is the first that is made and of this masse of blood are all the other humours made at one and the same time The blood being thus composed is devided into two parts naturall and unnaturall Naturall which I have already shewed you is either arteriall contained in the arteries or venall contained in the veines the arteriall is more red cleare subtle hot and flowing from an opened artery in a violent maner the venall beats not is lesse red then the other darker of colour thick not so hot Vnnaturall is in quality by infection or commixtion with an humour it is unnatural in quality when it is changed from its good complexion is either too hot or too cold too thicke or too thinne or more subtle then it should be by infection when that some part of the bloud is evidently infected and putrified by commixture with another humour that is when there is more of another humour then ought to be either outwardly when the evill humour encreases outwardly on the bloud or inward when an evill humour gâ—nerated within the bloud is absolutly mingled with it as when some part of the bloud being putrified and its subtle parts turned into choller and the grosse parts turned into melancholy and that choller or melancholy become adust and remaine with the bloud it insects and putrifies it and thus it is alienated from the naturall either in substance color smel or tast in substance because it is thicker and more troubled as when there is mingled with it blacke choller or subtler by the commixture of yellow watry choller in colour by either declining to white by the mixture of phlegme or to blacknes by the mixture of melancholy by smell by being of a worse savour by the admixture of rotten humours or by altogether wanting savour by the mixture of raw humors in tast by turning either into bitternesse by mixture of choller or to sharpnesse by mixture of melancholy or to unsavorinesse by the mixture of phlegme And to conclude bloud is no question the first amongst other humors towards the beginning and sustaining of mans lifâ— towards the beginning as thus the seed is nothing else but bloud made white by the more powerfull concoction in the testicles and of bloud is generated the mâ—terial cause of marrow for it is not to be doubted but all the parts of our body are more nourished thereby then by any other humour which will appeare by this exâ—mple the ventricle of a child is nourished in the womb not by any Chilus for there is none but by the mothers bloud which the liver drawes by the veines of the navell Blood is the matter containing the spirits of which the life and every operation of the vegetative vertue consists whether vitall or animall and it may very well challenge to its selfe the principall place being farre more convenient then any of the other humours towards the maintaining of life by reason of its heate and moisture and because it more nourishes the body and more weakens it by its losse for it is the treasure of life through the losse whereof followes death immediately Those in whom this humour abounds are beautified with a fresh and rosie colour gentle and well natured pleasant merry and facetious it is best generated in the spring and accordingly in youth that is to say from the five and twentieth yeare to the thirtieth yeare of age The blood thus brought to the liver as before must of necessity be purged from his too excrementitious humours whereof the bladder of the gale drawes one which we call yellow choller and the spleene the other which we call melancholy which are naturall and excrementitious but not alimentary or nourishing but we will leave these for a while and speake of phlegme which hath the next place to blood because it is neerer the radicall moisture Phlegme Naturall Phlegme is twofold naturall and unnaturall Naturall as it is cold and moist white and sweet by an imperfect concoction in the second digestion taking its originall from the watry and crude parts of the Chylus and is meerely blood perfectly concocted having neither the colour nor the aptnesse to nourish fleshy members that blood hath so that that part of the Chylus that hath suffered any digestion in the liver while the blood is perfected and remaines white savory and watry and of a remisse colour is called phlegme which hath no proper receptacle as the other humours have but runnes along with the bloud that in time of necessity it may likewise be made bloud or at least may supply its defect but it hath an improper receptacle which is the stomach whether it often gathers and the lungs on which it sometimes falles Vnnaturall Phlegme The unnaturall is either changed in its quality or in its quantity by being mixed with other humours for there must be a substance in all a just quality and quantity to the substance belongs the consistence to the quantity belongs proportion and to the quality appertaines savour and colour choller for example must be thin malancholy thicke pituit or phlegme in a meane almost like bloud choller in his first qualities ought to be hot and dâ—y in his second qualities bitter and yellow phleghme in its first qualities ought
to be cold and moist in the second white and unsavorie for it is made sweete before it is mingled with the bloud and it is evident that sweetnesse proceeds from a moderate heate as bloud sugar hony and the like do shew which are moderately hot but naturall phlegme is cold therfore it may better be termed unsavorie then sweete melancholy in his first qualities is cold and drie in his second black and sharp or sower bloud is hot and moist if it be with other humors it is temperate but in the second qualities it is red and sweet in all foure there ought to be a proportion of chollar least then melancholy then of bloud ought to be most then phlegme and if this proportion faile so that there be either more or lesse of one then ought to be or that one of them fall from its right temper it breeds the originall of almost all diseases which is ill digestion But to returne the unnaturall phlegme as I shewed you is either chaâ—ged in its quality or quantity and of these we count eight kindes according to Avicen whereof foure without the veines viz. Watery that is subtill as water and is found in the spittings of drunken men Secondly mucous or raw wherein are some parts grosse some subtill but when the difference of the parts is so little as it cannot be perceived then it is termed raw Thirdly glassie resembling molten glasse or rather the white of an egge by reason of the stiffenesse and weight and is not properly cold but of a kinde of faint heat Fourthly Gypsea plaisterlike which is concrete into the forme and hardnesse of chalke whose subtle parts are resolved as you see in a knotty goute in the joyntes of the fingers The other foure are within the veines as first acide or sower which hath had none or very little impression of heate more then that it first had in the stomach Secondly salt or adust which is bred by the mixture of choler whose bitternesse is lost by the unsavorinesse of phlegme Thirdly thicke and grosse of sower phlegme by reason of the vehement cold Fourthly stipticke that is not so cold nor grosse as the other Phlegme is of the nature of the three signes of the water Cancer Scorpio and Pisces and is watry cold and moist of consistence liquid of colour white of taste sweete or rather unsavory fit to nourish the braine and all other cold and moist parts to make the bloud temperate and to yeild moistnesse to the joynts It is placed in the body either of necessity or for profit of necessity two waies whereof the first is common the second particular The common is that phlegme which is neerest the members and by which they are nourished when at any time they shall have lost their proper nourishment good blood neither doth it nourish but when it is sent into the bloody veines by the liver the particular is the mingling of it with the blood tempring it and making it fit to nourish the phlegmaticke parts as the braine and nerves for to nourish these a great part or portion of phlegme is required for profit likewise two waies whereof the first is likewise common the other particular the common whereby it makes the blood the more thinne flowing and penetrating the easier to slide through the veines into the members the particular that it may moisten the joynts and members that are most moved in the body least by continuall motion they become dry because every locall motion is a straining and heating and every heate is resolutive and desiccative therefore that the joynts of the bones by continuall motion which is made by the sinewes and muscles should not be over heat dried and consequently made quite unfit for the naturall use and motion nature hath ordained these phlegmaticke humours which as it were distilling out of the veines doe water and moisten them not unlike the oyling the Axel-tree of a Coach without which it would as we see by daily experience be burned into dust but this office of this humour is not profitable nor necessary for every one for infantes and weake impotent people that can neither walke nor worke but sit idle doe not need this moisture but those that labour hard and go much have extraordinary need of it Phlegme maketh a man drowsie dull fat and swollen and hastneth gray haires it abounds most in Winter and in those that incline to old age and is encreased by cold and crude nourishment Choller The next is Choller which is an humour hot and dry of thinne and subtle substance and is as it were a certaine heate and fury of humours which generated in the liver together with the blood is carried by the veines and arteries through the whole body that of it which abounds is sent partly into the guts and partly into the bladder of the gall which is its proper receptacle and is in the hollownesse of the liver or is consumed by transpiration and sweats Choller is devided into two parts naturall and unnaturall Naturall choller The Naturall is as it were the froth of the blood whose colour is of a cleare red turning towards yellow and hath its originall from the more subtill parts of the Chylus Vnnaturall Unnaturall is by infection and commixtion of another humour or by alteration and it is called unnaturall when it is either greene blacke or darke red of colour that kinde of unnaturall Choller which is made by mixture with another humour is called Vittelline Vittelline because in heate and consistence it is like the yolkes of egges and this Avicen thinkes to be made of thicke phlegme mingled with choller but Gallen thinkes it to be only by alteration and a stronger heate destroying the moisture for any humour deprived of its moisture must needs wax thicke and this is the most received opinion for choller waxes pale and cold by the mixture of phlegme These other following are made only by alteration viz. Leeke coloured Leeke-coloured or resembling the juice of a leek in greenes tending towards black which is generated in the ventricle by the crudity of meats and therefore is sometimes called greene phlegme Aeruginous Aeruginous of the collour of Verdigreace tending towards white for according to Avicen it is made of the aforesaid greene being more adust by the ventricle or liver inflamed as bones being burned are first blacke and afterwards turne white it is so hot and biting that it burnes like to hot poison To these we may adde blew Blew choller much like in colour to the herbe Woad that our dyers use and to this also belongs that which is called Skie-coloured Skie-coloured or Sea-greene or Sea-coloured and is the worst of all the humours except blacke choller for it gets so much acrimony by reason of the heat that it corrodes and ulcerates this kinde is generated in the ventricle or neare about it Red Red. choller is improperly called Red being rather blood only this is the difference blood
congeales when it is out of its vessels but red choller will not it is made red by being mingled with some bloudy moisture and it is made pale almost to the likenesse of naturall choller by the mixture of phlegme Blacke Black choller so much degenerates from the naturall as that it acquires the name of another humour which is properly called melancholy of which we will speake in his place You shall understand that that part of naturall choller that goeth with the blood through the veines is sent thither for two speciall reasons which we may call necessity and profit of necessity because it is requisit and needfull that the cholericke members be nourished by it whereto agreat part of choller is required Secondly for profit that it may subtle the blood in the veines and make itth more penetrating in its passage Another part of naturall choller is seperated from the masse of humours generated in the liver and is sent to the bladder of the gall of necessity and for profit of necessity that the whole body may be purged cleansed and mundified from cholericke superfluities for the gall either by its owne property or by the naturall attractive vertue doeth draw unto it choler as a thing most fit and proper for it self even after the maner of the Loadstones drawing of iron which kind of delight in attracting is established in a certaine hidden sympathy which nature hath ordained betweene choler and the bladder of the gall by whose attraction the whole body and likewise the bloud is cleansed and mundified from all superfluous choler which otherwise might impaire the health secondly for profit first that it may wash the intestines from dregs and viscous phlegm secondly to pricke and sting the guts and muskles of the belly that they may feele that it is hurtfull for them and therefore may endevour to expell it for the expulsive faculty doth not exercise it selfe in expelling the dregs remaining in the belly and guttes unles it be excited by choler flowing thereunto whereby it often happens that the passages betweene the gall and the guts being stopped the colicke ensues Choler is chiefly bred and expelled in youth and acride and bitter meats yeeld matter to it but great labours of body and mind give the occasion It maketh a man nimble quicke ready for any performance leane and much subject to anger and quicke of concoction Choler is of the nature of the three signes of the fire Avies Leo and Sagittarius and is fiery hot and drie of consistence thin of colour yellow or pale or taste bitter it provoketh the expulsive faculty of the guts and attenuates the phlegme cleaving to them but the alimentary is fit to nourish the partes of like temper with it Melancholy Melancholy or the melancholy humour being the grosser portion and as it were the mud and dregges of the bloud is partly sent from the liver to the spleene to nourish it and partly carried by the vessels into the rest of the body and spent in the nourishment of the parts endewed with an earthly drynesse it is an enemy to mirth and jollity and neere kinsman to death and is by the ancients devided into two parts as phlegme is that is naturall Naturall melancholy and unnaturall the naturall is cold and drie and is generated in the Chilus passing as aforesaid Vnnaturall melancholy The unnatural is not like the dregs of blod but it is like the lees of wine burnt hotter lighter then naturall melancholy is and taks its originall from any of the humors adust as from choller adust turned into melancholy which only amongst all the humours reserves its owne proper tast that is bitter from phlegme adust which phlegme if it be watery and very subtle then the melancholy thereof generated will be salt which if it be not salt then the melancholy will be acide and sharpe from bloud adust and this kind of melancholy is salt having also some little sweetnesse for bloud is the treasure of nature and most diligently preserved by the other humours whereby it seldome happens that it is wholy and totally adust because it retaines some sweetnes from naturall melancholy adust from whence it happens that if the naturall melancholy from whence this unnaturall melancholy proceeds be subtle then this melancholy arising from the adustion will be even as sharp as vineger and being cast on the ground turnes into bubbles and this is the worst of all the kindes of melancholies and is called atra bilis Atra bilis or blacke melancholy for it not only corrodes the parts whereinto it is gathered but wheresoever it touches it burnes and scaldes as powerfully as Lime Ashes or burnt Lees of Wine wherein some reliques of fire remaine hereby it happens that a disentery caused by this humour is deadly because it ulcerates the intestines now blood adust melancholy humours and atra bilis may easily be distinguished for from blood adust arise carbuncles from melancholy schirrous tumours and from atra bilis is generated cancer and of this last the smell is so contagious that the very flies doe shunne it but if that naturall melancholy be grosse then that which proceeds from it by adustion will be of farre lesse sharpnesse A part likewise of naturall melancholy passeth along with the blood of necessity and for profit of necessity that it may be mingled with the blood in that quantity and proportion as is necessary and requisite to nourish some members which are maintained by a great portion of melancholy as the bones and other cold and dry melancholy members Secondly for profit that it may attenuate the grossenesse of the blood and strengthen and consolidate it untill it becomes a solid part of such hard members as it ought to nourish A part of naturall melancholy is also sent unto the spleene the blood having no need thereof which is done for the aforesaid causes The first is universall for it is very necessary the whole body should be purged of superfluous melancholy and also particular because it ought to nourish a particular member that is the spleen The second is of the melancholy that flowes to the orifice of the stomacke and by his stipticity straining and as it were milking out the moisture it there findes as a woman straines and presses out the milke from the Cowes teates with her fingers and this profit arises two severall waies first when melancholy bindes unites and strengthens the orifice of the stomacke that the meate may be the better retained therein secondly where such melancholy by his acridnesse makes a kinde of commotion in the mouth of the stomacke whereby the desire of meate is excited and stirred for after the mouth of the stomacke is thus moved a kinde of griping followes as saith Iames de Forlivio which presently the sensitive faculty perceiving is excited to the desire of meate whereby that griping is ended Melancholy is made of meates of grosse juice and by the perturbations of the minde turned
coates that the spirits may not be exhaled and that it may not be broken by the continuall motion and beating a veine beates very little or not at all A nerve A nerve is that which proceeding from the braine or spinall marrow hath sence and motion some partes of the body which have nerves have feeling also but no voluntary motion as the membranes veines arteries guts and all the entrailes from the braine arise two soft nerves which have feeling the hard nerves spring from the spinall marrow and are moving from the braine proceed seven conjugations of nerves from the spinall marrowe thirty paire that is sixty nerves some nerves cannot be perceived to be hollow at all it is a simple part of our body bred and nourished by a grosse and phlegmaticke humour The second instruments Of the three first and simple instruments veines nerves and arteries and of the eight aforesaid parts least conformable being knit in due quantity number and scite spring the second instruments amongst which the muscles Muscles have the first place as being the instruments of voluntary motion which is performed six maner of waies viz. upwards downewards forwards backwards to the right hand and to the left hand this is simple motion the second voluntary motion is circularly as when you lure a hauke you swinge your hand round A muscle consists of veines nerves and arterious flesh and fibres from which they receive nourishment life sense and motion they are reckoned amongst the second instruments because they consist of a coate a tendon and a ligament and are devided into three partes the begining middle and end the head insertion and neather parte and these are all differing in figure scituation perforation and quantity colour and connexion The fingers The fingers consist not only of veines of which they are nourished of arteries from whence they receive spirit and vitall heate nerves by which they feele and muscles whereby they are mooved but also of three bones in each finger that is fifteene in each hand which are hollow fistulous and full of thinne and liquid marrow and not of grosse and thick as in the arme or thigh whereby they are fortified and sustained likewise of ligaments whereby the bones are connexed of flâ—sh and skin by whose coniunction is ordained the true organicall touching the fingers are in number five The nailes are generated by the fibers of the ligaments and the excrements of the tendons which are terminated at the bottom of the nailes The hand The hand consists of five fingers the palme or hollow of the hand the back of the hand and the wrest it is the instrument of instuments made for to take up and hold any thing for with the hands are all the other instruments made it is devided into five fingers the more easily to take up even the least bodies of any figure or fashion soever and to this end nature ordained us the nailes because the fingers ends being soft flesh might not turne away in meeting with a hard body The heart The heart is the chiefe mansion of the soule the organe of the vitall faculty and is placed in the body as the Sun in the firmament it is placed by nature as it were in a box that it may have free liberty to spread it selfe and receive hurt neither from the ribs or vertebres of the chest it containes a continuall moisture that by its motion and heat it may not be over dried it consists of a hard and dense flesh in which are two hollowes the right side is the biggest the left side is the more corpulent and thereby the more straite but it is the more solid and thick that the vitall spirits which are worked in it may not be exhaled In the right hollow are two vessels a branch of the hollow veine whereby the heart drawes the bloud from the liver and the gate veine by which it sends the bloud throughly concocted and subtilized to the lunges In the left side also are two vessels the great Artery Aorta whereby it sends the vitall spirits every way and the arteria venosa whereby it receives the aire from the lunges which are only the bellowes of the heart to coole it The heart hath auricles or little eares on every side to hold up the gate vein and branch of the hollow veine that they be not broken by the violent motion of the heart the heart is one alone scituate most commonly upon the fourth vertebrae of the chest being placed there by nature because it is the most sure and armed place and is besides as it were covered on every side by the hands of the lunges and is made of a more dense solid and compact substance then any other part of the body because it must have a naturall motion of its selfe These thinges I have spoken in briefe only to shew you how necessary it is to be perfect in Anatomie wherby you shall the more easily discern the pâ—rts affâ—cted by the place of paine and cure it by a fit application of remedies without the hurting of any other part next I shall speake of the faculties CHAP. V. Of Faculties What a faculty is A Faculty is a certaine power and efficient cause proceeding from the temperament of the part and the cause whereof proceed the actions and powers of the body The animall faculty Of these are three kindes in every perfect body that is the Animall Vitall and Naturall which have a certaine simpathy one with another for if one be hurt all the rest suffer with it The Animall is that which proceeds from the proper temperament of the braine and yields knowledge sense and voluntary motion and this is of three kindes 1. Moving which remaines in the Muscles and Nerves as the fit instruments of voluntary motion 2. Sensative which consists in the five externall senses Sight Hearing Taste Smell and Touch. 3. and principall which comprehends the reasonable faculty the memory and fantasie The Animall faculty being thus seated in the braine sends from thence sence and motion by the nerves or certaine chanels into the whole body Vitall faculty But the Vitall faculty is that which sendeth life to every member of the whole body and maintaines the essence of the spirits and this hath his seat in the heart from whence he sends heat through the arteries to every part of the body and is much hindred by diseases in the breast Naturall faculty The naturall faculty is that which carries the nourishment into all the members of the body and this claimes his place in the liver it is by Avicen and most of the ancient Philosophers concluded that this naturall faculty is divided into two parts whereof one is the preserving of life and health unseparable and to nourish the body as comming from the fountaine and mint of nourishment the other is the preserving and maintaining the forme and species made in generation First by drawing the seminall matter from the humours of the body and
sick or be hurt they shall hardly escape which are these the 1. and 7. of Ianuary the 3. and 4. of February the 1. and 4. of March the 8. and 10. of Aprill the 2. and 7. of May the 10. and 15. of Iune the 10. and 13. of Iuly the 3. and 2. of August the 3. and 10. of September the 3. and 10. of October the 3. and 5. of November the 7. and 10. of December As likewise the 10. of August the 1. of December and the 6. of Aprill are observed by Philosophers as perillous to take any surfet therein by overmuch eating It is likewise observed by an antient Philosopher Arabian that there are three mundayes in the yeare very unfortunate either to let bloud or begin any worke of importance viz. the first munday in Aprill on the which Caine was borne and his brother Abel slaine the first munday in August the which day Sodom and Gommorha were consumed And the last munday of December on the which Iudas Iscariot was borne who killed his father married his mother and betrayed his master our Saviour And these three mundaies with Childermas day which is the eight and twentieth of December are by divers scholars held unfortunate to all men and subject to divers mishaps Good daies Some daies there are also which are observed by old writers to be very fortunate daies for any busines to be undertaken in also that children borne in those daies should never be poore children put to schoole in those daies should be rich and the like the daies are these the 3. and 13. of Ianuary the 5. and 28. of February the 3. 22. and 30. of March the 5. 22. and 29. of Aprill the the 4. and 28. of May the 3. and 8. of Iune the 12. 13. and 15. of Iuly the 12. of August the 1. 7. 24. and 28. of September the 4. and 15. of October the 13. and 19. of November the 23. and 26. of December and this shall suffice for the opinions of the more curious sort of the learned Of the fourth part of Physick which is of the signes of diseases presaged by the urine stoole pulse sweate vomite bloud astrologicall signes crisis c. I shall treate of in the next impression having not so much time now as scarce to finish the fift part as it should be CHAP. XIX Bleeding PHlebotomie or bloudletting is an incision artificiall of a vâ—in evacuating the bloud with the rest of the humors it was first invented by the river horse inhâ—biting in Nilus that famous river of Egâ—pâ— who when he findes himself charged with overmuch bloud by rubbing his thigh against the shâ—rp banke opens a veine and discharges the sâ—perfluous bloud which he stoppeth likewise when he sees convenient time by rowling it in the thicke mud Phlebotomie is not used in children before 14 nor in old men after fourscore without great necessiâ—y also the strength of the party must be considered that the quâ—ntity of bloud evacuated may be according and if it be only for preserving of health let it be neither in sommer nor winter but in the spring time and in the morning before the day grow hot The veine in the forehead being opened is good for paine in the hinder part of the head which place first ought to be fomented with warme water The veines of the tongue are opened aslant in a squinancy without any ligatures about the neck the inner veine of the left arme is opened for disease in the lunges the liver is purged by the inner veine of the right arme the wombe by the veine under the ankle but for the gout or megrim it is not amisse to open the veine of the part affected Draw bloud from the sanguine the moone being in Taurus Virgo or Capricorne from the phlegmatick in Aries or Sagittarius from the cholerick in Cancer or Pisces from the melancholicke in Libra or Aquarius but beware you open not a veine in that part where the signe is because it hath beene often found very dangerous unlesse necessitie urge but by no meanes let it be upon a criticall day for then it is not good to administer any medicine purge or bleed as I shewed you before Three daies were observed of the antients wherein they would by no meanes let bloud the first of August the fourth of September the eleventh of March. Now bloud is let by opening of a veine for five principall respects the first is to lessen the aâ—undance of bloud as in phlethorick bodies The second is to divert as when a veine in the right Arme is opâ—ned to stay the bleeding of the left nostrill The third is to allure or drawe downe as when the sâ—phona is opened to drawe downe the courses in women The first is for alâ—eration or introduction of another quality as when in sharpe feavers a veine is opened to draw out that bloud which is hot and coole that which remaines behind The fifth is to prevent diseases as in the spring and autumne we open a vein in such as are subject to spitting of bloud squinancie plurifie falling sicknes apoplexie madnes gout or in such as are wounded to prevent inflamation Arteriotomie is the incision of an Artery and is much used now a daies chiefely in the temples and behind the eares for catarres and defluxions in the eyes breast and maladies of the head and inveterate headach CHAP. XX. BOxing or cupping is the application of some instrument either for the evacuation of some humour under the skinne or to divert the course of some humour to an other part and to draw away such things as are hurtfull to nature they are for the most part of glasse with wide bellies and are sometimes applied with scarification and sometimes without the way to apply them is thus put into the glasse a little dry flax and stick it to the bottome of the glasse with a little wax then light the flax with fire and apply the glasse to the place when the flesh is swolen up presse it about the edges and the glasse will fall off then with an incision knife scarify the place a little and apply the cupping-glâ—sses as before and draw as much bloud as shall seeme convenient then drie the place with a soft cloth and anoint it with oyle of Roses and sleepe a while after Leaches Where cupping-glasses cannot be applied there we put horseleaches as to the gums nose fingers wombe and fundament anoint the place first with the bloud of some other creature that they take hold the more egerly and apply them to the place holding them in a linnen cloth for if you handle them in your bare hand they will be stomachfull and will not bite when they are filled with bloud and fall off then either apply more leaches or else cupping-glasses to cause them to fall off you shall put some powder of aloes salt or ashes upon their heads also if you desire to know how much bloud they have sucked
will scarce appeare at all also if you take a little in a Spoone and let it fall if it make a thread it is enough else not when it is almost cold put it in a Pot and cover it with a Paper perforated with a Needle and when it is quite cold cover it with a leather and keepe it in a temperate place To make pulp of Dates 1 R. Of Dates lib. i. part them in two and pill off the white on the inside and the skinne all over put away the stones and cut the Dates into small pieces and put them into a Skillet and powre on them of cleere Water lib. ss let them infuse in some warme place the space of three daies then take them up and beate them into a paste in a Marble Mortar and pulp it through a pulping sieve This Pulp is used in Electuaries To prepare and correct Sene. 2 R. Of the best Sene lib. i. cleanse it from the stalkes and naughty leaves and to every ounce of Sene adde of fennell seed or Aniseed Ê’ i. and powder them first your seeds and when they are well beaten then adde your Sene and beat them all well together and searse them in a covered searce that which will not passe beat againe and searse it till all be finely searsed this is used in Pilles Electuaries Powders c. and is never used otherwise then with his Correctives When you powder Myrrhe or Saffron they must be done by themselves by dropping a drop or two of Oyle Olive into the bottome of the Mortar that it may not sticke the same way you shall powder Rubarb Aloes or Assa foetida and also Scamonie but Mastich must be powdered by dropping a little Rosewater into your Mortar Before you beat Camphire you must grinde ii or iii. sweet Almonds in your Mortar the like in beating Cinamon Oyles are boiled enough when if you throw a drop in the fire it burneth cleare and without cracking Plaisters are boiled enough when if you put a drop into faire water it runneth not abroad but riseth whole to the top of the Vessell those Plaisters that have Oile in them when you make them up wet your hands in faire water or white wine those that have none wet your hands in Oyle To wash and prepare Fat 's 3 R. The cakes of Fat and picke out the skin and bloudie Veines and wash it in severall waters untill the water runne from it cleere and neither fatty nor bloudie then cut it in pieces and melt it in a panne with a little water then straine it strongly through a linnen cloth and put it in a good great pot and when it is cold cover it with warme water and beate it together against the sides of the pot well then powre away that water and adde more thus doe nine times untill it hath lost the smell of Grease then wash it in Rose water and put it up To prepare Marrowes you must take them out of the bones in the beginning of Autumne and wash them and melt them and then use them as you did the Fat 's To make Hony of Raisons 4 R. Raisons of the Sunne stoned lib. ii infuse them xxiiii houres in in lib. vi of warme water then boile them to the consumption of halfe and straine it and presse it throughly and boile the decoction to the thicknesse of Honey or else to lib. iii. of the decoction adde two pound of dispumed Honey mingle it and boile it to the thicknesse of Honey Honey of Violets and Roses is thus made R. of red Rose buds lib. ii of the best and purest Honey lib. vi boile them as before To make dispumed Honey 5 You shall boile Honey that hath beene clarified with the white of an Egge untill it come to the thicknesse of Honey againe then take it from the fire and when it is coole put it up Rose Vineger 6 R. Red Rose buds almost blowne the whites and stalkes cut away gathered drie and dried in the Sunne three or foure dayes lib. i. Vineger * See this word in the Table of weights and measures Sextaries viii let them soake xl daies then straine it and adde other Roses doe thus until the savour and taste please you To make the decoction of flowers and fruits much used in purgations 7 R. Drie Figs nu v. Damaske pruines nu xv Iujubes Sebesten ana nu xx Tamarindes â„¥ i. Flowers of Roses Violets Borage and Buglosse ana Ê’ i. Venus haire Hops Endive ana m. ss Licoras Ê’ ii cut them and beat them all together and boile them in lib. iii. of Fountaine water to the consumption of the third part To make Iuice of Licoras 8 R. The Roots of Licoras full of Iuice and well cleansed and a little bruised what quantity you please macerate them three daies in Spring water in a Vessell wherein the water may stand three or foure fingers above the Licoras after this heate them at the fire and strain them then take the decoction and boile it gently untill it come to the just consistence then make it up into what fashion you will To make Aloes Rosatum 9 R. Of the best Aloes cicatrine and cleere powdered â„¥ iiii Iuice of Damaske Roses clarified lib. i. mingle them and put them in the Sunne or in a Balneo untill all the moisture be exhaled doe this foure times make it up in a masse and when you have occasion make small pilles thereof To make May Butter 10 R. Fresh Butter made in May and without salt put it in a broad earthen Vessell glased and set it in the Sunne to melt that which melts whilest the Sunne is hottest let runne through a thicke Cloth without pressing then put it againe to the Sunne doe thus untill it be white then put it up in pots To make Salt of Cerusse described in my receits for Beauties 11 R. A quantity of Cerusse grinde it into very fine Powder and infuse lib. i. in a pottle of distilled Vinegar for foure or five daies then Filter it then set that you have Filtred in a glased Earthen vessell over a gentle fire untill it concrete unto Salt The manner to prepare Goats blood wonderfull efficacious in Medicines for the Stone 12 R. A young Male Kid of a reasonable age not too young breed him up in the house with Pimpernell Smallage Parseley Fennell Bayes Ivy Lovage and all manner of hearbes that will breake the Stone and let him eate nothing else kill him in the moneth of August when the Sun is going into the signe Cancer cut his throate and receive the blood that comes out of the Arteries which you may know by the thicknesse let it congeale and throw away the water that swims on the top the rest of the blood put into an Oven when the bread is newly drawne and let it dry and then powder it To make Metheglin 13 Gather these hearbes following in the middest of Iuly and lay them to dry in the Winde
with halfe a pinte of faire running Water or Hyssope water put in your Powder of Licoras and boile it and stirre it untill it be as thicke as good Creame then straine it through a fine Strainer and set it againe on the fire and let it seethe a good space after ever stirring it untill it be very thicke then put in of red Sugar Candy â„¥ iii. or iiii and boile them untill they puffe up from the bottome of the Bason For a Fellon 52 R. Raggewort Rue Hyssop ana pu i. one clove of Garlicke a little pieces of sowre Leaven a spoonfull of Bay salt and a piece of rusty Bacon beate all these together and lay it to very thicke for foure and twenty houres space For those that are troubled with Rheume distilling downe their Throate in the night 53 Of Cumminseeds â„¥ ii bruised Nutmegs sliced nu ii Cloves bruised the same quantity the yolkes of two Egges or two Egges hard roasted mingle these together and quilt them in a linnen bagge and sprinkle the said bagge with very good Aquavitae and lay the said bagge every night to the nape of your Necke For a Bruise 54 R. Of the blood of a Pigge â„¥ iiii of Vinegar â„¥ ii a few crummes of browne Bread boile all these together untill they be something thicke and so warme lay it to the place for the space of foure and twenty houres doe thus twice or thrice if need be To take away the Morphew and other filth from the Face and Hands and to make a new skin 55 R. Of white Mercury sublimated Ê’ i. Camphire Ê’ ii Lemons nu ii white Sugar â„¥ i. faire water one pinte and a halfe put all these into a Glasse and so let it stand eight or ten daies and then straine it and keepe it in a cleane Violl and when you will use it wet a cleane linnen Cloth therein and then put it softly upon the Face or Hands where the Morphew or Filth is and will take it off in short time To make the Skin soft and white after the said Medicine 56 R. A black Sheepes head or two and cut off the Hornes and Skin and throw them away with the Brain and eyes then seeth the Heads in faire water and skum off the Oyle very cleane put to this Oyle a little Rose-water and anoint the Face therewith and it will make a smooth Skin soft white and faire To breed Blood and bring a good fresh Colour in the Face 57 R. A new Pipkin with a Cover that will hold a pinte fill it with good olde Muscadine and halfe a pound of great blew Currans and the weight of a Shilling of the best Rubarbe cut in slices and three slices of Ginger let these stand all night upon the hot Embers and eate every morning a spoonefull or two of the Currans and Sirrup For the Spleene 58 R. Ashen keyes and the Greenewood burne them make Lye of the Ashes after it hath stood three dayes cleare it then take Barrowes grease and wash it in white Wine and dry it and beate it with a rowling pin and when it is well beaten put it into the Lye and seethe the Lye and it to an Oyle then put into it a spoonefull of Doctor Stephens water and and as much Rose-water beate it well together and so put it up to anoint the Side downewards if you use to drinke Bedward Posset drinke wherein the greene barke of Ashe is boiled it will much profit it is also good to use Oyle of Tamariske and Oyle of Capers to anoint the Side with it An approved laxative Whey for the Spleene 59 R. Of the inner barke of the Ashe tree Maidenhaire Hartstongue Licoras Aniseeds Parceley rootes Sene leaves and coddes ana m. i. boile them in a pottle of cleane Whey untill almost the halfe be consumed then straine it and use it first and last every day untill you finde health forbearing to eate or drinke the space of two or three houres after all the while you doe this you shall anoint your Side with the aforesaid Ointment To stanch Blood in Veine or Artery 60 R. Olibanum â„¥ ii Aloes Hepaticke â„¥ i. haires of a Hare a little cut whites of Egges as much as will serve to incorporate them make a Stuphe of Flax and dip it in the Medicine and apply it cold let it lye three or foure dayes then if it sticke fast apply the white of an Egge and Oyle of Roses untill the next day To provoke Vomit and to purge the Belly 61 R. The rinde of the roote of Elder tree chopped in small pieces steepe it in Wine the space of a night and drinke the Wine in the morning For the Dropsie 62 R. Raisons of the Sun stoned lib. i. put them into a pinte of good white Wine and so let them stand covered nine or ten dayes then eate thereof three or foure times a day eight or nine at a time For the Ptisicke 63 R. The tender crops of Mallows boile them and butter them as a Sallet with Butter and Vinegar and eate them with your meate For women with Childe that are subject to Miscarrying 64 R. The whites of two Egges beate them well with cleane Water and sup them up when you feele any fright or sudden alteration For the Cholicke 65 R. Of the Oyle of sweete Almonds drawne without fire â„¥ iii. mixe it with a little white Wine and Pellitary water and drinke it then swallow a Leaden Bullet besmeated with Quicksilver and the Bullet comming presently forth at his Fundament will cure him For the Sciatica 66 First raise a Blister and let out the Water in it then R. ground Ivy and stampe it and apply it to the Blister with a cloth sufficiently doubled then R. a Cat and flea it and put into the Belly the garbage being taken out twenty Snailes shels and all and so roast it and to the dripping put of Oyle of Spike one penny-worth halfe an Oxe gall Neats-foote Oyle two spoonefulls Badgers grease one spoonefull Oyle of Turpentine two penniworth A quavitae one penniworth mixe them and therewith anoint the griefe and keepe it warme FINIS A Table of the principall matters contained in this booke A TO make Aegyptiacum part 2. page 8. For an Ache part ibidem page 10. num 9. page 11. num 10 page 12 num 15 page 13. num 18. page 17. num 16. page 49. num 6. page 51. num 10. page ibi num 11. page 52. num 13. page 55. num 19. page 48. num 8. page 45. num 5. page 167. num 41. page 84. num 49. Actions what they are part 1. page 52. Ages part 1. page 9. Agues cured part 2. page 63. num 7. page 104. num 2. page 110. num 2. Aloes Rosatum made part 2. page 133. num 9. Aloes washed part ibidem page 135. num 15. Apoplexie cured part 2. page 36. num 33. Apostemes cured part ibidem page 49. num 6. in the head page 158. num 9.