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A28477 A natural history containing many not common observations extracted out of the best modern writers / by Sir Thomas Pope Blount, Baronet. Blount, Thomas Pope, Sir, 1649-1697. 1693 (1693) Wing B3351; ESTC R17881 141,855 470

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not only more frequent Springs there but Clouds and Rains too Now if this Account of the Origine of Springs in the Earth be as rational as it is ingenious and handsome and there is not much can be said against it but only that then all Fountains should be Salt as the Water is from whence they come then we easily understand how the Earth might be overflow'd in the Vniversal Deluge for then the Fountains of the Deep were broken up or there was an Vniversal opening of the Veins of the Earth whereby all the Water contained in them would presently run upon the Surface of the Earth and must needs according to its proportion advance it self to a considerable height But because the salving the difference of the Water in Springs from what it is in the Sea is so considerable a Phaenomenon in our present case I therefore rather take this following as the most rational Account of the Origine of Fountains viz. That there are great Cavities in the Earth which are capable of receiving a considerable Quantity of Water which continually runs into them from the Sea which as it continually receives fresh Supplies from the Rivers which empty themselves into it so it dispatcheth away a like quantity thorow those Spongy parts of the E●rth under the Ocean which are most apt to suck in and convey away the Surplusage of Water so that by this means the Sea never swells by the Water conveyed into it by the Rivers there being as continual a Circulation in the Body of the Earth of the Water which passeth out of the Ocean into the Subterraneous Caverns and from thence to the Mountains and thence into the Sea again as there is a Circulation of Blood in Man's Body from the Heart by the Arteries into the Exteriour Parts and returning back again by the Veins into the Heart According to which we may imagine such a place in the Heart of the Earth like Plato's Barathrum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As Plato in his Phaedrus describes it out of Homer a long and deep Subterraneous Cavity 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Into which Cavity all the Rivers at last flow and from which they again disperse themselves abroad Now this Cavity of the Earth thus fill'd with Water supplies the place of the Heart in the Body o● the Earth from which all those several Aquaeducts which are in the Earth have their continual supply But that which makes those passages of Water which we call Springs and Fountains properly I suppose is thus generated from those Cavities fill'd with Water in the Earth by Reason of the hot Steams which are in the Body of the Earth there are continually rising some Vapours or little Particles of Water which are dis-joyned from each other by the Heat by Reason of which they attain a greater Celerity of Motion and so pass through the inner Pores of the Earth till they come near the Superficies of it Which when they have approach'd to they are beat back again by the Cold which environs the Surface of the Earth or at least are so arrested by the Cold and condens'd by it that they lose the form of Vapours and become perfect Water again Which Water being now more gross than while it was a meer Vapour cannot descend again through the same Pores through which it ascended before because these are not now capable of receiving it And therefore it seeks out some wider passages near the Surface of the Earth by which means it moves in an Oblique manner and is ready to embrace any other Vapours which are arrested in the same manner now when these are grown to a Considerable Body in the Surface of a Mountain or a Plain and find a Vent fit for them there appears a proper FOUNTAIN whose Streams are still maintained by the same Condensation of Vapours which when they are once come abroad are in continual Motion whereby Rivers are made which are still finding a passage through the declivity of the Surface of the Earth whereby they may return to the Ocean again Now according to this Account that grand Ph●●nomen●n of the freshness of Fountain-Water when the Water of the Sea is Salt whence it Originally comes is sufficiently resolved For meer Transcolation may by degrees take away that which the Chymists call the Fixed Salt and for the Volatile Salt of it which being a more Spirituous thing is not removable by Distillation and so neither can it be by Transcolation yet such an Evaporation as that mentioned may serve to do it because it is evident that Fresh Water will fall from the Clouds which hath risen from those Vapours which have come out of the Sea and besides these Vapours or small Particles of Water in their passage throw the Earth especially when they come near the Surface of it do Incorporate with other Sweet Vapours as those which come from Rain and others by which means they insensibly lose their former Acidity and Sharpness But those FOUNTAINS which do retain their former Saltness as there are many such in the World may very probably be supposed not to have come from these Vapours condensed but to be a kind of a breaking of a Vein in which the Salt-Water was convey'd up and down the Body of the Earth STILLINGFLEET's Orig. Sacr. lib. 3. Cap. 4. Sect. 6. The Opinion of Mr. Edmund Halley in the Philos. Transact Numb 192. That Springs and Rive●s owe their Original to Vapours condensed on the sides of Mountains rather than unto Rains I acknowledg to be very Ingenious grounded upon good Observations and worthy of its Author and I will not deny it to be in part true in those hot Countrys in the Torid Zone and near it where by reason of the great heats the Vapours are more copiously exhaled out of the Earth and its likely carryed up high in the form of Vapours But in Europe and the more Temperate Countries I believe the Vapours condensed in the manner as Mr. Halley describes have but little Interest in the producing of their Springs IOHN RAY's Miscell Disc. of the Dissolut of the World Pag. 82. and 85. Dr. Tankred Robinson's Letter to Mr. John Ray. YOV may peradventure meet with some opposition against your Hypothesis of FOUNTAINS tho' indeed I am more and more confirm'd in your Opinion of them and the use of the Mountains Father TECHART in his second Voyage to Siam says when he went up to the top of the Table Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope the Rocks and Shrubs were perpetually dropping and feeding the Springs and Rills below there being generally Clouds hanging on the sides near the top The same Observation hath been frequently made by our English Merchants in the Madera and Canary Islands especially in their journeys up to the Pike of Teneriff in which at such and such heights they were always wet to the Skin by the droppings of the great Stones yet no Rain over head The same I have felt in passing over