the sprightes animall doe gyue feelyng and mouyng to the bodye doe breede the turnesicke or staggers the falling euill the night mare the Appoplexye the Palsie and the convulsion or crampe the Catharr or Rheume which in a horse is called the Glaunders but firste of headeache Of Headeache The .xvij. Chapter ▪ THe headeache eyther commeth of some inward cause as of some cholericke humor bred in the panicles of the braine or els of some outward cause as of extreme heate or colde of some blow or of some vyolent sauour Eumelus sayth that it cōmeth of rawe disgestion but Martin sayth moste commonly of colde The sygnes be these The horse will hang downe his heade and also hang downe his eares his sight wil be dimme his eyes swollen and waterish and he will forsake his meate The cure Let him bloude in the palat of his mouth Also pourge his heade with this perfume Take of Garlicke stalkes a handefull all to broken in short peces and a good quantitye of Franconcense and being put into a Chaufingdish of fresh coales hold the Chaufingdishe vnder the horses nosetrilles so as the fume may ascende vp into his heade and in vsing him thus once or twice it will make him to cast at the nose and so purge his heade of all filthe Pelagonius sayth that it is good to poure into his nosetrilles wyne wherein hath bene sodden Euforbium Centuarye and Franconcense Of the Frenzy and Madnesse of a horse The .xviij. Chapter THe learned Phisitians do make dyuers kindes as well of Frenzye as of Madnesse whiche are not nedefull here to be recyted sythe I coulde neuer read in any Authour nor learne of any Ferrer that a horse were subiect to the one halfe of them Absirtus Hierocles Eumelius Pelagonius Hipocrates doe wryte simply de furore rabie that is to say of the madnesse of a horse But in dede Vegetius in his seconde booke of horseleach crafte semeth to make foure mad passions belonging to a horse intituling his Chapters in this sorte de Appioso de Frenitico de Cardiacis de Rabioso the effectes whereof thoughe I feare me it will be to no greate purpose yet to contente suche as perhaps haue reade the Authour as wel as I my selfe I will here briefely rehearse the same When some naughty bloude sayth he doth strike the fylme or pannicle of the brayne in one part onely and maketh the same grieuously to ake then the beast becommeth Appiosum that is to saye as it semeth by his owne wordes nexte following both dul of minde and of syght This worde Appiosum is a straunge word and not to be found againe in any other Authour and bycause in this passion the one syde of the heade is onely grieued the horse turneth rounde as thoughe he wente in a Myll But when the poyson of suche corrupt bloude doth infecte the mid brayne then the horse becommeth Frentike and will leape and flyng and runne against the walles And if such bloud filleth the vaynes of the stomacke or breast then it infecteth as well the heart as the brayne causeth alienation of mind the body to sweat and this disease is called of Vegetius Passio cardiaca whiche if Equus Appiosus chaūce to haue ▪ thē he becōmeth Rabiosus that is to say starke madde For sayth he by ouer much heate of the Lyuer and of bloude the vaynes and artiers of the heart are choked vp for griefe and payne wherof the horse byteth him self and gnaweth his owne flesh thus farre Vegetius Of two sortes of mad horses I beleue I haue seene my selfe here in this Realme For I saw once a blacke Sweathlande horse as I toke him to be in my Lorde of Hunnisdons Stable at Hunnisdon comming thither by chaunce with my lord Morlay which horse would stand all day long bytyng of the Maunger eate little meate or none suffring no man to approche vnto hym by which his doynges and partly by his colour and complexion I iudged him to be vexed with a melancholy Madnesse called of the Phisitians Mauia or rather Melancholia which commeth of a corrupt Melancholy and fylthy bloud or humor sometyme spread throughout all the vaynes of the body sometyme perhaps remayning only in the heade or else in the splen or places next thervnto adioyning The other mad horse was a Roane of Mayster Asheleys Mayster of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his Maysters ryghte forefinger in peces whylest he offered him a little hay to eat wherby he lost in a maner the vse of hys whole hande to the great griefe of all his frendes and also of all the Muses whiche were wonte to be much delighted with such passing sweete Musicke as that his fine quauering hande coulde sometime make vpon dyuerse Instrumentes but speciallye vpon the Virginalles This horse I say thoughe he coulde eate his meate drinke his drinke slepe yet if he were neuer so litle offended he would take on lyke a spright and both byte and stryke at anye man that came nygh hym ▪ yea and would byte him selfe by the shoulders moste tirribly pulling away lumpes of fleshe so brode as a mannes hande and when so euer he was rydden he was fayne to bee musled with a mussell of Iron made of purpose to kepe him from byting eyther his Ryder or him self whiche no doubt proceded of some kynde of frenzye or madnesse wherevnto the horse was subiecte by meanes that hote bloude as I take it abounded ouer much in him But now as touching the causes sygnes and cure of a horses madnesse you shall heare the opinion of olde wryters for Martin neuer toke such cure in hande Abfirtus and the other Authors before mētioned say that the madnesse of a horse cōmeth eyther by meanes of some extreme heate taken by trauelyng or long standing in hote sunne or else by eating ouer manye Fitches or by some hote bloude resorting to the pannycles of the braine or thorow aboundaunce of Choler remayning in the vaynes or else by drynking of some vnholsome water The sygnes be these he will byte the Maunger and hys owne body and runne vpō euery man that commes nygh hym he wyll continuallye shake hys eares and stare with his eyes and fome at the mouth and also as Hypocrates sayth he will forsake his meate and pyne him selfe wyth hunger The cure Cause him to be let bloude in his legges aboundantly which is done as I take it to conuert the bloude from his heade Notwithstanding it were not amisse to lette him bloude in the necke breast vaynes Then giue him this drinke Take the roote of wylde Coucumber and boyle it in harse redde wyne and put therevnto a little Nitre and giue it him with a horne luke warme or if you can get no Coucumber then take Rewe and Mynts and boyle that in the wyne It were not amisse also to adde therevnto a handefull of blacke Elleborus for that is a verye good hearbe agaynst madnesse Eumelius
bloude of sucking Pigges newe slayne and some the iuyce of Leekes together with oyle and wyne myngled together Others prayse wyne and Franconcense some oyle and Rhew some woulde haue hys bodye to be purged and sente to grasse Of the Consumption of the flesh and howe to make a leane horse fatte The .lxxvi. Chapter MArtin sayth that if a horse take a great colde after a heat it will cause his fleshe to waste his skin to waxe hard dry to cleaue fast to his sides and he shall haue no appetite vnto his meate and the fillettes of his backe will fall away and all the fleshe of his buttockes and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heades vnfleaed boyle them in thre gallons of Ale or fayre running water vntyll the fleshe be consumed from the bones that done strayne it through a fine cloth and then put therevnto of Suger one pounde of Cynamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barbaries and of Cheries of ech two ounces and mingle them together giue the horse euery day in the morning a quarte thereof luke warme vntill all be spent and after euery tyme he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abrode if the weather be warme and not wyndye and let him neyther eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no colde water but luke warme the space of fiftene dayes and let him be fedde by little and little with such meate as the horse hath moste appetyte vnto But if a horse be neshe tender and so waxe leane without anye apparant griefe or disease then the olde wryters woulde haue him to be fed now and then with partched wheate also to drinke wyne with his water and to eate continuallye wheate branne mingled with his prouender vntill he wax strong and he must be often dressed and trymmed and laye soft without the which thinges his meate will doe him but little good And his meate must be fyne and cleane and giuen him often and by little at once Russius sayth that if a horse eating his meat with a good appetite doth not for all that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauyn Bay buryes Earth nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wyne or to giue him the intrayles of a Barble or Tench with whyte wyne He sayth also that sodden Beanes mingled wyth bran and salte will make a leane horse fatte in very shorte space Of griefe in the breast The .lxxvii. Chapter LAurentius Russius wryteth of a disease called in Italian Granezza di petto whiche hath not bene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learne It commes as Russius sayth of the superfluity of bloud or other humors dissolued by some extreme heate and resorting downe to the breast payning the horse so as he can not well goe The cure wherof according to Russius is thus Let him bloud on both sydes of the breast in the accustemed vaynes and rowel them vnder the breast and twice a day turne the rowelles with your hande to moue the humors that they may issue forth and let hym go so rowelled the space of .xv. dayes Of the payne at the harte called Anticor that is to say contrary to the heart The .lxxviii. Chapter THis procedes of abundaunce of ranke bloud bredde with good feeding and ouer much rest Which bloud resorting to the inwarde partes doth suffocate the hart and many tymes causeth swellings to appeare before the breast whiche wil grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the horse The sygnes The horse will hang downe his heade in the maunger for saking his meate and is not able to lifte vp his heade The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude on both sydes abundantlye in the plat vaynes and then giue him this drinke Take a quarte of Malmesy and put therevnto halfe a quarterne of Suger two ounces of Cynamō and giue it him luke warme Then kepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well aboute the stomacke that the winde offende him no maner of way and gyue him warme water wyth mault alwayes to drinke and giue him such meate as he wil eate And if the swelling do appeare then besydes letting hym bloude strike the swelling in dyuers places wyth your fleame that the corruption may go foorth and annoynt the place wyth warme Hogges greace and that will eyther make it to weare away or else to grow to a heade if it be couered and kept warme Of tyered horses The .lxxix. Chapter BYcause we are in hande here with the vitall partes and that when horses be tyered with ouer muche labour their vitall sprightes wax feble I thinke it best to speak of them euen here not with suche long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but brieflye to shewe you howe to refresh the poore horse hauing nede thereof which is done chieflye by geuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plentye of prouender And to quicken his sprightes it shall be good to poure a little oyle and Uineger into his nosetrilles and to giue him the drinke of shepes heades recyted before in the Chapter of the consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his legs with this bath Take of Mallowes of Sage of eche two or thre handfull and a rose Cake Boyle these thinges together and beyng boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet oyle Or else make him this charge Take of bole Armonye and of wheate flower of eche halfe a pounde and a little Rosen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his legges therwith and if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse Of the diseased partes vnder the mydriffe and first of the stomacke The .lxxx. Chapter THe olde Authours make mention of many diseases incidente to a horses stomacke as lothing of meate spuyng vp his drinke surfetting of prouēder the hungry euyll and such lyke which fewe of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I will briefly speake of as many as I think necessary to be knowen and first of the lothing of meate Of the lothing of meate The .lxxxi. Chapter A Horse maye lothe hys meate through the intemperature of his stomacke as for that it is to hote or to colde If his stomacke be to hote then most commonlye it will eyther inflame his mouth and make it to break out in blisters yea and perhappes cause some canker to breede there The cure of all whiche thinges haue bene taught before But if he forsake his meate onely for verye heate whiche you shall perceyue by the hotenesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomacke by giuing him colde water mingled with a little vineger and oyle to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wyne of eche one pynte and put therevnto three ounces of Mel Rosatum
sayth that if you giue him mans dong in wyne to drinke thre morninges together it will heale him also take of blacke Elleborus two or three handefull and boile it in a sufficient quantitye of strong Vyneger and therewith rubbe and chause both his head and al his body once or twice in a day for the oftner his heade is rubbed the better and often excercyse is verye profitable to all his body Some againe woulde haue the skinne of his heade to be pearced in dyuerse places with a hote Iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuayle then the last remedy is to gelde him of both hys stones or else of one at the least for eyther that wyll heale him or else nothing As touchyng the dyet and vsage of a madde horse the Authors do not agre for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quyet house voyd from all noyse which Absirtus saith wil either make him madder or else kyll him out of hande His dyet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that day that he is let bloud receyueth hys drynke they would haue hym to faste vntyll Euen and then to haue a warme washe of Barlye meale yea me thynkes it were not amisse to feede him onelye with warme mashes and hay and that by little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Of the sleeping euill The xix Chapter THIS is a disease forcyng the beast continually to sleepe whether he will or not taking his memory and appetyte cleane awaye and therefore is called of the Phisitians Lethargus it procedeth of abundaunce of flegme moysting the brayne ouer much It is easy to knowe by the continuall sleeping of the horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloude in the necke and then giue him this drink Take of Camomyl Motherwort of eche two or thre handefull boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thervnto a little wheate branne salte and Uineger and let him drinke a pynte of that euerye day the space of thre or foure dayes together It is good also to perfume and chaufe his heade wyth Tyme and Peniryail sodden together in Uinegar or with Brymstone and Feathers burned vppon a chaufing dish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Perithre beaten to powder vp into his nosetrils yea and to annointe the palat of his mouth with Hony and Mustarde mingled together and in his drinke which woulde be alwayes warm water to put Parsely sede Fenel sede to prouoke vrine His legges also woulde be bathed and his Houes filled with wheate bran salte and Uineger sodden together and layd to so hote as he may endure it and in any case suffer him nor to sleepe but kepe him waking and styrring by continuall crying vnto him or pricking him wyth some sharpe thing that can not passe clene through the skinne or else by beating hym with a whip and thus doing he shall recouer Of a horse that is taken The .xx. Chapter A Horse is said to be taken when he is depryued of his feeling and mouing so as he is able to sturre no maner of waye but remayneth in suche state or fourme as he was taken in Whiche disease is called of the Phisitians by the Greeke name Catalepsis and in Laten Deprehensio or Congelatio and of Vegetius Sederatio which also calleth those beastes that haue this disease lumenta sideratitia The Phisitians say that it commeth of abundance of Flegme and Choler mixte together or else of Melancoly bloud which is a colde dry humor oppressing the hynder partes of the brayne But Vegetius sayth that it cōmeth of some extreme outwarde colde striking sodenlye into the emptye vaynes or of some extreme heate or of rawe disgestion or else of some greate hunger caused by long fasting It is easy to knowe by the discription before mentioned And as touching the cure Vegetius sayth that if it come of colde then it is good to giue him to drinke one ounce of Laserpitium with wine and oyle mixt together and made luke warme if of heate then to giue it him with water and hony it of crudite then to heale him by fasting if of hunger then by feeding him well with pease But Martin sayth that this disease is called of the Frenche men Surprius and it commeth as he sayth most chiefly of colde taken after a heate and he wissheth a horse that is thus taken to be cured in this sort First to be let bloude on both sydes of the breast and then to be put in a heate eyther by continuall sturring and molesting hym or else if he will sturre by no meanes then to bury him all saue the heade in a warme donghill and there to let hym lye vntill his lymmes haue some feeling And before you so bury him it shall be good to giue him this drinke Take of Malinesy thre pyntes and put thervnto a quarterne of Suger and some Cynamon and Cloues and let him drinke it good and warme and vntyll he be perfectly whole let him be kepte warme and often excercysed and walked vp and downe in the stable and thinlye dyeted and drinke nothing but warme water wherein if you put fome Fenell and Perslye seede to prouoke him to vryne it shall bee the better And if he cannot dong let him be raked and haue a glister made of the broth of Mallowes and freshe butter Of the Staggers The .xxi. Chapter THis is a doosinesse of the head called of the Latens Vertigo and of the Italians as I remember Capistura It commeth of some corrupte bloude or grosse and toughe humors ▪ oppressing the braine from whence proceedeth a vaporous sprighte dissolued by a weake heate which troubleth al the heade The sygnes be these dymnesse of fight the reeling and staggering of the horse who for very payne will thrust his heade agaynst the walles and forsake his meate The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude in the temple vaynes and then with a knife make a hole of an ynche long ouerthwarte his foreheade hard vnderneath his foretoppe and rayse the skyn with a cornette thrusting it vpwarde towardes the headstal a good handefull and then put in a teynt dypt in Turpentyne and Hogges greece molten together renuing the taynte euery day once vntill it be whole and doe the lyke vppon the rydge of the rumpe but me thinkes it were better to do the lyke in the powle of his heade or nape of his necke for so shoulde the euill humors haue both wayes the easyer and spedyer passage And as touching hys dyet let him haue continuallye warme drinke and mashes and once a day be walked vp and downe fayre and softly to excercyse his body Of the Falling euill The .xxii. Chapter THis is a kinde of convulsion or Crampe called of the Latens by the Greke name Epilepsia in
Italion il morbo caduco depriuing the beast at certain tymes and for a certayne space of the vse of feeling hearing and seyng and of all the other senses And though it be a disease that hath bene seldom seene to chaunce vnto horses of thys cuntrey yet it appeareth by Absirtus and also by Vegetius dyuers others that horses be subiect therevnto For Absirtus wryting vnto his frende Tiberius Claudius sayth that vnto horses chaunceth manye tymes the falling sicknesse The sygnes wherof are these The horse wyll fall downe sodenlye partlye through the resolution of his members and partly through discention of his synewes and all his body will quiuer and quake and sometyme he wyll fome at the mouth Vegetius agayne wryteth in this sort by a certain course of the Moone horses and other beastes many tymes do fall and dye for a tyme as well as men The sygnes whereof are these Being fallen their bodyes wyll quyuer and quake and their mouthes wyll fome and when a man woulde thinke that they woulde dye out of hande they rise sodenly vp and fall to their meate And by feelyng the grystle of their nosetrilles with your finger you shall know whether they will fall often or not for the more colde the gristle be the oftner and the lesse colde it be the seldomer they will fal The cure Let him bloude aboundantly in the necke vaynes and within fiue dayes after let him bloude agayne in the temple vaynes and let him stande in a warme and darke stable and annoynt all hys body wyth comfortable oyntements and his heade and eares with oyle de Bay and lyquid Pitch or Tar mingled together And also put some thereof into his eares and then make a Biggin for him of some softe warme skinne as of a shepes skinne or else of Canuas stuffed vnderneath with woll and make him this purging drinke Take of Radishe rootes two ounces of the roote of the hearbe called in Laten Panax or Panaces of Scammony of ech one ounce beate all these thinges together and boyle them in a quarte of honye and at sundry tymes as you shall see it needefull giue him a good sponefull or two of this in a quarte of Ale luke warme whervnto would be put thre or foure sponefull of Oyle It is good also to blow the powder of Motherwort or of Pyrethrum vp into his nosetrilles and if the disease do continue stil for al this then it shal be nedefull to pearse the skynne of hys foreheade in diuers places with a hote yron and to let out the humors oppressing his brayne Of the night Mare The .xxiii. Chapter THys is a disease oppressing eyther man or beast in the nighte season when he slepeth so as he can not draw his breath and is called of the Latens Incubus It commeth of a continual crudity or raw disgestion of the stomack from whence grosse vapors ascending vp into the head doth oppresse the brayne and all the sensityue powers so as they can not do their office in giuing perfect feeling and mouing to the bodye And if this disease chaunsing often to a man be not cured in time it may perhappes growe to a worse mischiefe as to the Falling euill Madnesse or Appoplexie But I could neuer learne that horses were subiect to this disease neyther by relation nor yet by reading but onely in an olde English wryter who sheweth neither cause nor sygnes how to knowe when a horse hath it but onelye teacheth howe to cure it with a fonde folishe charme which bicause it may perhappes make you gentle reader to laugh as well as it did me for recreation sake I will here rehearse it Take a Flynte stone that hath a hole of his owne kinde and hang it ouer hym and write in a bill In nomine patris c. Saint George our Ladyes knyght He walked day so did he night Untill he her founde He her beate and he her bounde Till truly her trouth she hym plyght That she woulde not come within the night There as Saynt George our Ladyes Knight Named was three tymes Saint George And hang this Scripture ouer him and let him alone With suche proper charmes as this is the false Fryers in tymes paste were wonte to charme the money out of playne folkes purses Of the Appoplexie and Pawlsye The .xxiiii. Chapter THe Appoplexye is a disease depriuing all the whole body of sense mouing And if it depriue but parte of the body then it is called of the Latins by the Greeke name Paralisis in oure tongue a Pawlsie It procedes of colde grosse and tough humors oppressing the brayne all at once which may breede partly of crudites and rawe disgestion and partly by meanes of some hurte in the heade taken by fall strype or otherwyse As touching the Appoplexye few or none writing of horsleach craft do make any mention therof But of the Pawlsye Vegetius wryteth in this maner A horse sayth he may haue the Pawlsye as well as man which is knowen by these signes He wil go groueling and sydelyng like a Crabbe carying his necke awry as if it were broken and goeth crokedly with his legges beating his heade against the walles and yet forsaketh not hys meate nor drinke and his prouender semeth moyst and weate The cure let him bloude in the temple vayne on the contrary syde of the wrying of his necke and annoynte hys necke with comfortable oyntmentes and splent it with splentes of wood to make it stande right and lette him stande in a warme stable and giue hym such drinkes as are recyted in the next Chapter folowing But if all this profiteth not then drawe his neck with a hote yron on the contrary side that is to say on the whole syde from the neyther parte of the eare downe to the shoulders and drawe also a good long stryke on his temple on that syde and on the other temple make a lytle starre in this sort * and from his raynes vnto his mid backe drawe little lynes in this maner that will heale hym Of the Crampe or convulsion of the Synewes and Muskles The .xxv. Chapter A Convulsion or Crampe is a forcible and paynefull contraction or drawing together of the Synewes Muskles which doth happē somtimes throughout the whole body and sometyme but in one part or member onely And according as the body may be dyuerslye drawen so doe the Phisitians and also mine Authours that write of horseleach crafte giue it dyuers names For if the bodye be drawen forwarde then they call it in Greeke Emprosthotonos in Laten Tensio ad anteriora And if the body be drawen backewarde it is called in Greeke Opisthotonos in Laten Tensio ad posteriora But if the body be starke and strayte bowing neyther forwarde nor backewarde then it is called symplye in Greeke Tetanos in Laten Distentio or Rigor Which names also are applyed to the lyke convulsions of the necke Notwithstanding Vegetius wryting of this disease intytuleth his
declared in the last Chapter He sayth also it is good to make him swim thorowe a Ryuer and to rowle him vpon the haunches nigh the huckle bones and to make the haire to growe agayne it is good as he sayth to annoint the place with Hogs greace and thre leaued grasse stamped together Of Hyde bownd The .lxiii. Chapter HYde bound is when the skinne cleaueth so faste to the horses backe that a man can not pull it from the fleshe with his hand which Ruellius calleth Coriago it commeth for the moste parte of pouerty or else when the horse after some greate heat hath bene suffered to stand long in the rayne or wette weather for that wil cause the skin to shrinke and to cling to his rybbes It is knowen by the leannesse of the horse and gauntnesse of his belly and by the fast sticking of the skinne vnto his ribbes when you pull at it with your hande The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sydes the bellye in the flanke vaynes betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done gyue him this drinke Take a quart of good white wine or else of good Ale and put therevnto thre ounces of good Salet oyle of Comen one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Lycoras two ounces beaten all into fyne powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath dronke lette one standing at his huckle bone rubbe him hard with his hande alongst the backe and ouerthwart the rybbes the space of halfe an houre that done sette him in a warme stable and let him stande in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and rybbes with a sacke first thorowly soked in a Tub of colde water and then well and harde wrong and ouer that cast an other cloth and girde it fast with a sursingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh strawe continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during whiche tyme giue him no colde water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wette sacke will cause the backe to gather heate of it selfe and the skin to losen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoynt all his body with wine and oyle mingled together according to the opinions of the olde wryters whiche no doubte is a verye comfortable thing and must nedes supple the skinne and losen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throte and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe The .lxiiii. Chapter SOme perhappes would loke here that for so muche as I haue declared the diseases of the necke wythers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hippes But syth that such griefes for the moste parte doe cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hippe legge ioynte or foote I thinke it not good to seperate those partes a sunder specially syth nature hath ioyned them together that is to say the shoulders to the forelegges and the hippes to the hinder legges And therfore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed you all the diseases that be in the inwarde partes of a horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throte lungs breast and heart but also vnder the Midriffe as those of the stomacke Lyuer Guttes and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throte the Glaunders and Stranguyllion to all horses is most common Of the Glaunders and Stranguyllion so called according to the Italion name Stranguijlione The .lxv. Chapter MOst Ferrers do take the Glaunders and Stranguylion to be all one disease but it is not so for the Glaunders is that which the Phisitians call Tonsille and the Stranguylion is that which they call in Laten Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly cal it in English the Squinācy or Quinzie Toncille is interpreted by them to be inflamations of the kirnelles called in Laten Glandes in Italion glandule whiche lye on eche syde of the throte vnderneath the rote of the tongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of whiche worde glandes or glandule I think we borrow this name Glaunders for when the horse is troubled with this disease he hath greate kyrnelles vnderneath his Iawes easy to be seene or fealte payning him so as he can not easily swallow downe his meate whiche commeth firste of colde distillation out of the heade But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps go away of them selues or else by laying a little hote horse dong straw vnto them the warmth wherof will dissolue them and make them to vanishe away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but increase and waxe greater and greater and be more paynefull euerye day than other and cause the horse to caste continually filthy and stinking matter out at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First rype the kyrnelles with this playster Take of Branne two handefull or as much as will thicken a quart of wyne or Ale then putte therevnto halfe a pounde of Hogges greace and boyle them together and lay it hote to the sore with a clothe renuing it euery day vntill it be ready to breake then launce it and let out al the matter and taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dipte in this salue Take of Turpentyne of Hogs greace of eche like quantity and a little waxe and melt them together and renue the taynt euery day vntill it be whole Laurentius Russius sayth that this disease is very cōmon to Coltes bycause in them doth abounde fluxible moysture apt to to be dissolued with euery little heate and so turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer yong he woulde haue you first to let him bloude in the necke vayne and then to lay vnto the sore a ryping playster made of Mallowes Linseede Rewe Wormewood ground Iue oyle of Bayes and Dyalthea and to annoynt his throte also and al the sore place with fresh butter And the sore being rype to launce it or else to rowle it that the matter may come forth But if the kirnelles will not decrease with this then pull them away by the rootes to dry vp the vlcerous place with an oyntmente made of vnslect Lyme Pepper Brymstone Nitrum and oyle Oliue It shall be good also to purge his heade by perfuming him euery day once in suche sorte as haue bene before declared And let the horse be kept warme about the heade and stande in a warme stable and let him drinke no colde water But if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnelles the horse doth not for all that leaue casting fylthy matter at
being put into a bagge and tyed to his heade and if the horse will eate of it it shall doe him the more good And this perfuming in Winter seasō would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the sunne is of some heyght to the intent the horse may be walked abrode if the sunne shyne to excercyse hym moderately And vntill hys coughe weare awaye faile not to giue him warme water with a little ground Maulte And as his cough breaketh more and more so lette his water euery day be lesse warmed than other Of the dry Coughe The .lxx. Chapter THis semeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind pipes so as the horse cā not easly draw his breath if it continue it wyll eyther grow to the Pursick or else breake his winde altogether The sygnes be these He wil cough both often dryly and also vehementlye without voyding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen potte and put therin thre pyntes of strong Uineger and foure Egges shelles and all vnbroken and foure Garlick heades clene pilled broused and set the pot being very close couered in some warme donghill and there lette it stande a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the Egges which will be so soft as sylke lay them by vntil you haue strayned the Garlycke and Uineger thorow a fayre cloth then put to that lyquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugercandye and two ounces of Lycoras two ounces of Annis seedes beaten all into fyne powder And then the horse hauing fasted all the night before in the morning betwixte seuen and eyght of the clock open his mouth with a corde and whorle therein one of the Egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediatelye poure in after it a horne full of the foresayde drynke being first made luke warme and then cast in an other Egge with an other horne ful of drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vppe all the Egges and dronke vp all the drinke and then brydle him and couer him with warmer clothes thā he had before and bring him into the stable and there lette him stande on the bitte at the bare racke well littered vp to the bellye the space of two houres Then vnbitte him and if it be in Winter offer him a handeful of Wheaten straw if in Sōmer giue him grasse and let him eate no hay vnlesse it be very well dusted and sprinckled with water and giue him not much thereof And therfore you shall neede to giue hym the more prouender whiche also must be well clensed of all filthe and dust and giue him no colde water the space of nine dayes And if you perceyue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in Winter purge him with these pilles Take of larde two pounde layde in water two houres then take nothing but the cleene fatte thereof and stampe it in a morter and thereto put of Lycoras of Annis seedes of Fenegreke of eche beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agarice one ounce Knede these together lyke paast make thereof sixe balles as big as an Egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer nighte giue him the nexte morning these pilles one after another annointed with hony and oyle mingled together in a Platter and to the intente he may swallowe them downe whyther he will or not when you haue opened his mouth catch holde of his tongue and holde it faste whilest you whorle in one of the pilles that done thrust it into his throte with a rowling pinne and then let his tongue go vntill he hath swalowed it downe then giue hym in like maner all the rest of the pilles let him stande on the bit warme clothed and littered the space of thre houres at the least and after that giue him a little wette hay and warme water with a little grounde Maulte in it to drinke and lette him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weke And now and then in a fayre sunnye day it shall be good to trotte him one houre abroade to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs The .lxxi. Chapter THis procedes as Absirtus and Theomnestus sayth eyther of an extreeme coughe or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greadye drinking after greate thrist for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin film or skinne and therefore easy to be broken which if it bee not cured in tyme doth growe to appostumation and to corruption oppressing al the lungs which of the olde Authors is called Vomica and Supputatio But Theomnestus sayth that broken lungs rotten lungs be two dyuers diseases and haue dyuers sygnes dyuers cures The sygnes of broken lungs be these The horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his heade often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afrayde to coughe and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a frendes horse of his whose lungs were fretyzed or rather broken as he sayth by continual eating of salte with this maner of cure here folowing Let the horse haue quiet and rest then let him bloude in the haunches where the vaynes appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen dayes Barlye or rather Otes soden in Goates mylke or if you can get no milke boyle it in water and put therein some thicke Collops of Larde and of Deares sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in Sommer tyme the decoction of Barly and this as he sayth will binde his lungs agayne together Vegetius vtterlye disaloweth letting of bloude in any such disease as this is and also all maner of sharpe medicins for feare of prouoking the coughe by meanes whereof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neyther his medicins nor meate woulde bee harshe but smouth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be gyuen him at all tymes is this Take of Fengreke and of Lynsede of ech half a pounde of Gum dragant of Masticke of Mirre of Suger of Fytch floure of eche one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fyne powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme water and the next day giue him a quart of this luke warme putting therevnto two or three ounces of oyle of Roses continuing so to doe many dayes together and if the disease be new this will heale him Yea and it will ease him verye muche though the disease be olde whiche then is thought vncurable And in winter season so long as he stādeth in the stable let him drinke no colde water let his meate be cleene
windye or else in the house if the weather bee foule and by thus vsing him you shall quickly recouer him Of the hungry euill The .lxxxv. Chapter THis is a gredy desire to eate folowing some great emptinesse or lacke of meate and is called of the olde authours by the Greeke name Bulimos which is as much to say as a greate hunger proceeding as the Phisitians say at the first of some extreme outward colde taken by long traueling in colde barren places and specially where snowe aboundeth whiche outwarde colde causeth the stomacke to be colde the inwarde powers to be feeble The cure according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in the beginning to comfort the horses stomacke by giuing hym bread sopte in wyne and if you be in a place of rest to giue him wheate flower and wyne to drinke or to make him Cakes or Bailes of flower and wine kneded together and to feede him with that or with wine and Nuttes of pyne trees Hierocles sayth if anye such thing chaunce by the way whereas no flower is to be had than it shall be best to giue him wine and earth wrought together eyther to drinke or else to eate in Balles Of the diseases in the Liuer The .lxxxvi. Chapter AL the old Authours speake much of the payne in the Lyuer but none of them doe declare wherof it cōmeth or by what menes sauing that Hipocrates sayth that some horses do get it by violent running vppon some stony or harde ground I for my parte thinke that the Lyuer of a Horse is subiect to as many diseases as the Lyuer of a man and therefore may be payned dyuerslye As sometime by the intemperatenesse of the same as for that it is perhaps to hote or to colde to moyst or to dry sometime by meanes of euill humors as Cholor or Flegme abounding in the same according as the Lyuer is eyther hote or colde for heate breedeth Cholor and colde Flegme By meanes of which intemperature proceedeth all the weaknesse of the Lyuer It may be payned also sometime by obstruction and stopping and sometime by harde knobbes inflamation appostume or vlcer bredde therein sometime by consumption of the substance thereof The sygnes of heate and hote humors be these lothing of meate great thirst and losenesse of belly voyding dong of strong scent leanenesse of body The sygnes of colde and colde humors be these appetite to meate without thirst belly neither continually loose nor stipticke but betwene times no strong scent of dong nor leanenesse of body by which kind of signes both fyrst and last mentioned and such like the weakenesse of the Lyuer is also to be learned and sought out Obstruction or stopping moste commonly chaunceth by trauelling or labouring vpon a full stomacke whereby the meate not being perfectlye digested breedeth grosse and tough humors which humors by vehemence of the labour are also driuen violently into the small vaynes wherby the Lyuer shoulde receyue good nutriment and so breedeth obstructiō and stopping The signes whereof in mannes body is heauinesse and distentiō or swelling with some griefe in the right syde vnder the short ribbes and specially when he labourech immediately after meate which sygnes I beleue if it were diligently obserued were easye inoughe to finde in a horse by his heauy going at his setting forth often turning his heade to the side grieued Of an olde obstruction and speciallye if he humors be Choloricke breedeth many times a harde knob on the Lyuer called of the Phisitians Scirrhus which in mans body may be felt if the body be not ouer fatte and it is more casye for him to lye on the righte side than on the lefte bycause that lying on the left side the waight of the knob woulde oppresse the stomacke and vitall partes very sore by which sygnes me thinkes a diligent ferrer may learne whither a horse hath any suche disease or not The inflamation of the Lyuer commeth by meanes that the bloude eyther through the abundance thinnesse boyling heate or sharpnesse thereof or else throughe the violence of some outwarde cause breaketh out of the vaynes and floweth into the bodye of the Lyuer and there being out of his proper vessels doth immediatelye putrifye and is inflamed and therewith corrupteth so muche flesshye substance of the Lyuer as is imbrued withall and therefore for the most parte the hollow side of the Lyuer is consumed yea and sometime the full syde This hote bloudye matter then is properlye called an inflamation which by naturall heate is afterwarde turned into a plaine corruptiō and thē it is called an impostume which if it break out rū thē it is called an vlcer or filthy sore Thus you se that of one euil foūtaine may spring dyuers griefes requyring dyuers cures And though none of mine Authours nor any other Ferrer that I know haue waded thus farre yet I thought good by wryting thus much to giue such Ferrers as be wise discrete and diligent occasion to seeke for more knowledge and vnderstanding than is taught them and mee thinkes that it is a great shame that the Ferrers of this age should not know much more than the Ferrers of old time sith that besides that the old mens knowledge is not hidden from them they haue also their owne experience and time also bringeth euery day newe things to light But now to procede in discoursing of the Lyuer according to the Phisitians doctrine as I haue begon I say then of an inflamation in the hollow side of the Lyuer The sygnes be these Lothing of meate great thirste losenes of belly easy lying on the right side painfull lying on the left But if the inflamation be on the full syde or swelling syde of the Lyuer then the Patient is troubled with difficultye of breathing with a dry Coughe and grieuous paine pulling twitching the winde Pipe and to lye on the right syde is more painefull than on the lefte the swelling also may be felt with a mans hand But you must vnderstand by the way that all these things last mentioned be the signes of some great inflamatiō for smal inflamations haue no such sygnes but are to be iudged only by griefe vnder the short ribbes and long featching of the breath The sygnes of Appostumation is painefull and great heate The sygnes of Ulceration is decrease of the heate with feablenesse fainting For the filthy matter flowing abrode with euil vapours corrupteth the heart and many tymes causeth death The sygnes of the consumption of the Lyuer shall be declared in the next Chapter and as for the curing of all the other diseases before mentioned experience muste firste teach it ere I can write it Notwithstanding I can not thinke but that suche things as are good to heale the like diseases in mans body are also good for a horse for his Lyuer is lyke in substaunce and shape to a mans Lyuer differing in nothing but onely in greatnesse And therefore I would wishe
Notwithstāding to giue some lighte vnto the vnlearned Ferrers and that they may the better vnderstande the inwarde parts of a horse I thought good to write thus much thinking it no tyme loste whyle I may profite them any way Of the diseases in the Splene The .lxxxix. Chapter THe splene as I said before in the kepers office is the receptacle of Melācholy and of the dregges of the bloude and is subiecte to the like diseases that the Lyuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction harde knob and inflamation for the substaunce of the splene is spongious and therfore apt to sucke in all filth and to delate it selfe wherefore being full it must nedes swell which will appeare in the left syde vnder the short rybbes such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and specially when the body doth labour or trauayle It is painefull also to lye on the ryghte syde bycause the splen being so swollen oppresseth the midriffe and speciallye when the stomacke is full of meate and the Pacient hath worse digestion than appetyte is troubled with muche winde both vpwarde and downewarde Moreouer the vapour of the humor doth offende the harte making it faint and causeth all the body to be heauy and dull and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a Melācholy humor and abounding ouermuche it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaynes and artires which is to be perceyued by heauinesse and griefe on the left syde but also in the splen it selfe whereas by vertue of the heate it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a harde knob which doth not onely occupye all the substance of the splen but also many tymes all the lefte syde of the wombe and thereby maketh all the euill accydentes or griefes before recited muche worse than they were Now as touching the inflamatiō of the splen whith chaunceth very seldom for so much as euery inflamation procedeth of pure bloude which seldome entreth into the splen I shall not nede to make many words but refer you ouer to the Chapter of the Lyuer for in suche case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also lyke sygnes and do requyre lyke cure The olde wryters say that horses be often grieued with griefe in the splen and specially in Sommer season wyth gredy eatyng of sweete greene meates and they call those horses Lienosos that is to say splenticke The signes wherof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and gredy appetite to meate The remedy whereof according to Absirtus is to make the horse to sweate once a day during a certaine tyme by ryding him or otherwyse traueling hym and to poure into his lefte nosetrill euery day the iuyce of Mirabolaus mingled with wyne and water amounting in all to the quantitye of a pynte But me thinkes it would do him more good if he dranke it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius prayseth this drinke Take of Cumyn seede and of hony of ech sixe ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Uineger a pinte and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stande so all night and the next morning giue the horse to drinke thereof being kept ouernight fasting Theomnestus prayseth the decoction of Capers specially if the barke of the roote thereof may be gotten sodē in water to a Syrop or else make him a drinke of Garlycke Nytrum Horehounde and wormewode soden in harshe wine and he would haue the lefte syde to be bathed with warme water to be harde rubbed And if all this will not helpe then to giue hym the fyre which Absirtus doth not allowe saying that the splen lyeth so as it can not be easly fyered to doe him any good But for so much as the Lyuer and splen are members much occupyed in the ingēdring and seperating of humors many euill accydents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iaūdis called in a horse the yealows drynesse of body and consumption of the flesh with out any apparaunt cause why whiche the Phisitians call Atrophia also euill habit of the body called of them Cachexia and the Dropsy But first we wyll speake of the Iaundis or yealows Of the yealows The .xc. Chapter THe Phisitians in mans body do make two kinds of Iaundis that is to say the yeallow proceeding of Cholor dispersed thorowe out the whole body and dying the skin yeallow and the blacke proceding of Melancholy dispersed like wise thorowout the whole bodye and making all the skinne blacke And as the yeallow Iaundis commeth for the most parte eyther by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the Gall which as I sayde before is the receptacle of Cholour or by some inflamation of the Lyuer whereby the bloude is conuerted into Cholour and so spreadeth thorowout the body euen so the blacke Iaundis commeth by meanes of some obstruction in the Lyuer vayne that goeth to the splene not suffering the splene to do his office in receyuing the dregges of the bloude from the Lyuer wherein they abounde to much or else for that the splen is already to full of suche dregs and so sheadeth them backe agaime into the vaynes But as for the blacke Iaundis they haue not bene obserued to be in horses as in men by any of our Ferrers in these dayes that I can learne And yet the olde writers of horseleach crafte doe seme to make two kindes of Iaundis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Cholor and also moyst Cholor The signes of the dry Cholor as Absirtus sayth is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly whereof it is sayde to be dry Moreouer the horse will not couet to lye downe bycause he is so payned in his body and his mouth will be hote and dry It commeth as he sayth by obstruction of the conduit wherby the Cholor should resorte into the bladder of the Gall and by obstruction also of the vrine vessels so as he can not stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of Oyle water and Nytrum and to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to poure the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweete wyne into his nosetrels let hys meate be grasse or else sweete hay sprinckled with Nytre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in wine Againe of the moist Cholor or Iaundis these are the signes The horses eyes will looke yeallow and his nosetrilles wil open wyde his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yeallow and Choloricke and he will grone when he lyeth downe which disease the sayde Absirtus was wonte to heale as he sayth by giuing
the sauor whereof will greatly prouoke hym to stale as hath bene aforesayde Of pissing bloude The .xcix. Chapter PElagonius sayth that if a horse be ouer much laboured or ouer charged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many tymes pisse bloude and the rather as I thinke for that some vayne is broken within the horses body and then clere bloude will come forth many tymes as the Phisitians say without any pisse at all But if the bloud be perfectly mingled together with his stale then it is a sygne that it commeth from the kidneys hauing some stone therin which through vehement labour doth fret the kydneys vaynes thereof so causeth them to blede through which whylest the vrine passeth muste nedes be infected dyed with the bloud It may come also by some strype or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse bloud in the Palat of the mouth to conuert the bloud the cōtrary way Then take of Tragagāt that haue bene steeped in wyne halfe an ounce and of Popy seede one dram and one scruple and of Styrax as muche and .xij. Pyneaple kyrnels Let all these things be beaten and mingled well together and giue the horse therof euery morning the space of seuen dayes the quantity of a Hasell nut distempered in a quart of wyne me thinks that the quantitye of a Walnut were to little for so muche wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the roote of the hearbe Asphodelus which some call Daffadyll mingled with wheat flower Sumach sodden long in water and so to be giuen the horse with some wyne added therevnto or make him a drinke of Goates milke and Oyle strayning therevnto a little Fromenty Anatolius sayth that it is good to giue the Horse three dayes together sodden Beanes cleane pilled wherevnto would be added some Deres sewet and a little wyne Of the Colt euill The C. Chapter THis name Colt euill in my iudgement doth properly sygnifye that disease which the Phisitians call Priapismus which is a continuall standing together with an vnnaturall swelling of the yard proceeding of some winde filling the artiers and hollow synewe or pype of the yarde or else through the abūdance of sede which do chaūce oft tymes to man and I thinke sometime to stoned horses Notwithstāding Martin sayth that the Colt euill is a swelling of the sheathe of the yarde and the part of the belly there about caused of corrupte seede comming oute of the yarde and remayning within the sheath where it putrifyeth And Geldings moste commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of naturall heate to expell their seede any further For horses as Martin sayth are seldome troubled with this disease bycause of their heate vnlesse it be when they haue bene ouer trauayled or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Washe the sheath cleane within with luke warme Uineger then drawe out his yarde and washe that also That done ryde him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein to and fro to allay the heate of the mēbers and vse him thus two or three dayes and he shal be whole Of the mattering of the yarde The Ci. Chapter IT commethe at couering tyme when the Horse Mare both are ouer hote and so perhaps burn them selues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of whyte wyne and boyle therein a a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yearde three or foure squirtfull one after an other and thrust the squyrt so farre in as the lyquor may perce to the bottom to scoure away the bloudy matter continuing thus to doe once a day vntyll he be whole Of the sheading of séede The Cij Chapter THis disease is called of the Phisitians Gonorrhea which may come some tyme through abundaunce and rancknesse of seede sometyme by the weaknesse of the stones and seede vessels not able to retayne the seede vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius sayth that this disease wil make the horse very faint and weake specially in sommer season for cure wherof the sayd Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some colde water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may be couered with water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water or oyle he woulde haue you to thruste in your hande and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and clawe the same and the partes there aboutes whiche be the seede Uessels That done to couer him warme that he take no colde and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse Hogges dong to drinke with red wyne vntil he be whole I for my part if I thought that it came of weakenesse as is afore sayde which I would iudge by the waterishnesse of the seede vnlustinesse of the horse would giue him red wine to drinke and put therein a little Acatium the iuyce of Plantain and a little Mastick bath his backe with red wine oyle of Roses mingled together Of the falling of the Yarde The Ciij Chapter IT commeth as I take it thorow the weakenesse of the member by meanes of some resolution in the muscles synewes seruing the same caused at the first perhaps by some great strayne or strype on the backe It may come also by wearynesse and tyering For remedy whereof Absirtus was wonte to washe the yarde with salte water from the Sea if it might be gotten if not wyth water and salt and if that preuayled not he would all to pricke the outmost skinne of the yarde wyth a sharpe nedle but not deepe and then washe all the prickes with strong Uineger and that did make the horse as he sayeth to draw vp his yarde againe immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagonius would haue you to put into the pype of his yarde hony and salte boyled together and made lyquid or else a quicke Flye or a graine of Franconsence or else a cloue of Garlicke clene pilled and somewhat broused and also to poure on his backe Oyle Wyne and Nytre made warme mingled together But Martins experience is in this sort First wash the yarde with warme whyte wyne then annoynt it with oyle of Roses hony mingled together and put it vp into the sheath and make him a Codpiece of Canuas to kepe it still vp and dresse him thus euery day once vntill he be whole And in any case let his backe be kept warm eyther wyth a double cloth or else with a charge made of bole Armeny Egges wheate flower Sanguis Draconis Turpentyne and Uineger or else lay on a wet sack which being couered with an other dry cloth wil kepe his backe very warme Of the swelling of the Codde and stones The Ciiij Chapter ABsirtus sayth that the
inflamatiō and swelling of the Cod and stones commeth by meanes of some wound or by the stinging of some Serpent or by fighting one horse with an other For remedy whereof he was wonte to bath the Cod with water wherein had bene sodden the rootes of wilde Coucumber and salte and then to annoynt it with an oyntmente made of Cerusa oyle Goates greace and the whyte of an Egge Some againe would haue the Cod to be bathed in warme water Nytrum and Uineger mingled together and also to be annoynted with an oyntment made of Chaulke or of potters earth Oxe dong Cumyn water and vineger mingled together or else to be annoynted with the iuyce of the hearb Solanum called of some nighte shade or with the iuyce of humblocke growing on dong hilles yea also to be let bloude in the flankes But Martin sayth that the swelling of the Coddes commeth for the most part after some sicknesse or surfeyting with colde and then it is a sygne of amendment The cure according to his experience is in this sorte First let him bloude on both sydes the flanke vaynes Then take of oyle of Roses of Uineger of eche halfe a pinte and halfe a quarterne of bole Armonie beaten into pouder Mingle them together in a Cruse and being luke warme annoynt the Coddes therewith with two or three feathers bound together and the next day ryde him into the water so as his Coddes may be within the water giuing him two or three turnes therein and so returne fayre and softely to the stable and when he is dry annoynt hym againe as before continuing thus to do euery day once vntill he be whole The sayde Martin sayth also that the Coddes may be swollen by meanes of some hurt or euil humors resorting vnto the Codde and then he would haue you to couer the Coddes with a charge made of bole Armeny and vineger wrought together renuing it euery day once vntill the swelling go away or that it breake of it selfe and if it breake then taint it with Mel Rosatum make him a breche of Canuas to kepe it in renuing the taint euery day once vntill it be whole Of incording or brusting The Cv. Chapter THis tearme incording is borowed of the Italion worde Incordato whiche in playne Englyshe is as much to say as brusten and myght be more rightly termed of vs incodded For when a horse is bursten his Gutte falleth downe into the Codde making it to swell The Italians as I take it did call it Incordato bycause the gutte followes the string of the stone called of them Il cordone or Lachorda whereof incordato semes to be deryued with some reason According to which reason we should call it rather instringed than incorded Notwithstanding syth that incording is alredy receyued in the stable I for my part am very well content therewith minding not to contend against it But now you haue to note that eyther man or beast may be bursten dyuerslye and according to the names of the partes grieued The Phisitians doe giue it diuers names for you shall vnderstand that next vnto the thicke outwarde skin of the belly there is also an other inward thin skin couering all the Muskles the Caule and the guts of the belly called of the Anotomists Peritoneum which skin commeth from both sydes of the backe and is fastened to the midryffe aboue and also to the bottom of the belly beneath to kepe in all the contentes of the neather belly And therefore if this skin be broken or ouer sore strayned or stretched then eyther some parte of the Caule or Guttes slippeth downe sometime into the Codde sometyme not so farre If the gut slippe downe into the Cod then it is called of the Phisitians by the Greke name Enterocele that is to say Gutte bursten But if the Caule fall downe into the Codde then it is called of the Phisitians Epiplocele that is to say Caule bursten But eyther of these diseases is moste properly incident to the male kinde for the Femall kind hath no Cod. Notwithstanding they may be so bursten as eyther Gut or Caule may fall downe into their natures hanging there lyke a bagge But if it fal not downe so lowe but remayneth aboue nygh vnto the priuy members or flankes which place is called of the Latins Inguen then of that place the bursting is called of the Phisitians Bubonocele wherevnto I knowe not what English name to giue vnlesse I shoulde call it flanke bursten Moreouer the Codde or flanke may be sometime swollen by meanes of some waterish humor gathered together in the same which is called of the Phisitians Hydrocele that is to say water bursten and sometyme the Cod may be swollen by meanes of some hard piece of fleshe cleauing to the thin skinnes or panicles of the stones and then it is called of the Phisitians Sarcocele that is to say flesh bursten But for asmuch as none of mine Authours Martin nor any other Ferrer in these dayes that I know haue intermedled with any kinde of bursting but onely with that wherin the gutte falleth downe into the Cod leauing all the rest aparte I will onely talke of this And that according to Martins experience whiche I assure you differeth not much from the precepts of the olde wryters But first you shall vnderstande that the gut bursten and flanke bursten doth proceede both of one cause that is to say by meanes that the skin called before Peritoneum is eyther sore strayned or else broken eyther of which things doe most commonly chaunce to horses eyther by some strype of an other horse or else by some strayne in leaping ouer a hedge ditch or pale or otherwise yea and many tymes in passing a caryer throughe the vndiscretenesse of the Ryder stopping the horse sodenly without giuing him any warning wherby the horse is forced to cast his hinder legges abrode and so strayneth or bursteth the skin aforesayde by meanes whereof the gutte falleth downe into hys Codde The signes be these The horse will forsake his meat and stand shoring and leaning alwayes on that syde that he is hurt and on that syde if you searche with your hande betwixt the stone and the thyghe vpwarde to the body and somewhat aboue the stone you shal finde the gutte it selfe bigge and harde in the feeling whereas on the other side you shall finde no suche thing The cure according to Martin is thus Bring the horse into some house or place that hath ouer head a strong bawk or beame going ouertwhart and strow that place thick with strawe Then put on foure pastornes with foure rynges on his feete and fastning the one ende of a long rope to one of those rynges threde all the other rings with the lose ende of the rope so draw all his forefete together and cast him on the straw That done caste the rope ouer the bawlke hoyse the horse so as he may lye flatte on his backe wyth his legges vpward without
bloud in both the breast vaynes reseruing the bloude to make a charge withall in this maner Take of that bloud two quartes and of wheate flower halfe a Pecke and sixe egges shelles and al of bole Armeny halfe a pound of Sanguis Draconis half a quartern and a quarte of strong Uineger Mingle them all together and charge al his shoulders breast back loynes and forelegges therewith and walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refreshe it againe And hauing walked him three or foure houres together leade him into the stable and giue hym a little warme water with ground mault in it then a litte hay and prouender and then walke him againe eyther in the house or else abrode and continue thus to doe the space of foure dayes and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stande and lye warme and eate but little meate during the foure dayes But if you see that at the foure dayes end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sygne that the humors lye in the foote for the which you muste search with your butter paryng all the soles of the fore feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue throughe the sole That done with your butter let him bloud at both the toes and let him blede well Then stoppe the vayne with a little hogs grease and Turpentyne molten together and layde vpon a little Flaxe and then tack on the shooes and cram the place where you did let him bloude harde with toawe to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fill both his feete with Hogges grease and bran fryed together in a stopping pan so hote as is possible And vpon that stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to kepe in the stopping And immediatly after this Take two Egges beate them in a dishe and putte thervnto as much bole Armeny and Beane flower as will thicken the same and mingle them well together make thereof two playsters suche as may close eche foote round about somewhat aboue the cronette and binde it fast with a lyst or rowler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of two dayes but let the sole be clensed and newe stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two dayes continuing so to do vntil he be whole During which tyme let hym reast vnwalked for feare of losening his houes But if you see that he begin to amende you may walke him fayre and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercyse his legs and fete and let him not eate much nor drinke colde water But if this foundering break out aboue the houe which you shall perceiue by the losenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronette thē when you pare the soole you must take al the fore part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles hole to the intente the humors may haue the freer passage downewarde and then stoppe him and dresse him about the cronet as is before sayde Of the splent as well in the insyde or outside of the knée as other where in the legge The Cxvi Chapter THis soraunce to any mannes feeling is a very gristle sometime as bigge as a walnut and sometime no more than a Hasell nut which is called of the Italians Spinella and it cōmeth as Laurentius Russius sayth by traueyling the horse to yong or by oppressing hym with heauy burthen offending his tender synews and so causeth him to halt It is easye to know bycause it is apparant to the eye and if you pinche it with your thombe and finger the horse wil shrinke vp his legge The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Washe it well with warme water and shaue of the haire and lightlye scarifye all the sore place with the point of a Rasor so as the bloud may issue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a sponefull and of Euforbium as muche beaten into fine powder mingle them together with a spone full of oyle de Bay and then melte them in a little pan stirring them wel together so as they may not boyle ouer and beyng so boyling hote take two or three feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the horse sturre from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not of the oyntment Then cary hym fayre and softly into the stable and tye hym so as he may not reache with his heade beneath the manger for otherwyse he will couet to byte awaye the smarting pricking medicine which if it should touch his lippes would quickly fetch of the skinne And also let him stande without lytter all that day and night The nexte day annoynt the sore place with fresh butter cōtinuing so to do euery day once for the space of nine dayes for this shall allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith eyther clene take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much dyminishe it as the horse shall go right vp and halte no more through occasiō therof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fyering it longst wyse and ouertwhart Some againe do make it soft by beating it with a Hasell sticke and then do sucke it out with a piece of new leather and a hote yron which many tymes diminisheth the splent and increaseth the halting For if a splent be not very well drest the horse will halte halfe a yeare after yea and perhappes all his lyfe long Of a Malander The Cxvij Chapter A Malander is a kind of scabbe growing in the form of lines or strekes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath lōg hayres with stubborne rootes lyke the brystles of a Boare which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh lyke the rootes of a childes scabbed head and if it be greate it will make the horse to goe stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease procedes sometyme of a corrupt bloude but most commonly for lack of cleane keping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst washe it well with warme water then shaue both haire scabbe cleane away leauing nothing but the bare fleshe wherevnto lay this playster Take a spone full of Sope and as much Lyme Mingle them together that it may be lyke Paast and spreade as much on a clowt as will couer the sore and binde it fast on with a list renuing it euery day once the space of two or three dayes and at the three dayes ende take away the playster and annoynt the sore with Oyle of Roses made luke warme that shall fetch away the crust or scurfe bredde by meanes of the playster which scurfe being taken away washe the sore place well euery day once
vpright is to charge his hip back with pitch rosen moltē together and layd on warme then some flockes of his own colour to be clapped vpon the same and so to let him runne to grasse vntill he goe vpright But the sore hip wil neuer rise agayne so hyghe as the other If the horse be not hipped but only hurt in the hip and that newly Then fyrst take of oyle de Bay of Dialthea of Nerual of swines grease of ech halfe a pounde melt them all together stirring thē continually vntil they be throughly mingled together and annoynt the sore place against the haire wyth this oyntment euery day once the space of a fortenight and make the oyntment to synke well into the flesh by holding a hote brode barre of iron ouer the place annoynted weauing your hande to and fro vntil the ointment be entred into the skinne And if at the fortenightes ende you see that the horse amendeth no whitte for this then slyt a hole downewarde in his skinne an ynch beneath the hyp bone making the hole so wyde as you may easely thrust in a rowel with your finger and then with a little brode sclice of yron losen the skin frō the flesh aboue the bone roūd about the same so brode as the rowel may lie flat playne betwixt the skin the flesh which rowell would be made of soft calues leather with a hole in the midst like a ring hauing a threde tyed vnto it to pul it out when you would clense the hole in this sort if the rowell be rowled aboute with flaxe faste tyed on and annoynted wyth the oyntmente vnder wrytten it will drawe so much the more And thruste in the rowell fyrst double and then spread it abrode with your fynger That done taynt it with a good long taint of flax or toawe dipt in a little Turpentine hogges greace moltē together and made warme and cleanse the hole and the rowel euery day once also renew the taynt for the space of a fortenight And before you dresse him cause him euery day to be ledde vp and downe a foote pace a quarter of an houre to make the humours come downe and at the fortenights ende pull out the rowell and heale vp the wound with the same salue making the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And so sone as it is whole draw with a hote yron crosse lynes of eyght or nine ynches long righte ouer the hyppe bone so as the rowelled place may be in the very mydst thereof and burne him no deeper but so as the skinne may looke yeallow then charge all that place and ouer all his buttocke with thys charge Take of pytch one pounde of Rosen halfe a pound of Tarre halfe a pynte Boyle them together and then being good and warme spred it on with a clout tied in a riuen sticke And then clappe on a fewe flockes of the horses colour and if it be in Sommer let the horse runne to grasse a while for the more he trauayleth at his owne wyll the better it is for him Of stiffling and hurtes in the stiffle The Cxxiiij Chapter THe Horse is sayd to be styffled when the styffling bone is remoned from his right place But if it be not remoued nor losened and yet the Horse halteth by meanes of some grief ther then we say that the horse is hurt in the stiffle and not styffled The styffle cōmeth by meanes of some syde blowe ▪ or some greate strayne flypping or slyding The signes be these If he be stiffled the one bone wyll sticke out further than the other and is apparant to the eye Martin would haue you to cure the styffle in al poynts like vnto the shoulder pight sauing that the pinnes neede not to be so long bycause the stifling place is not so brode as the shoulder and standing in the stable let him haue a pastorne wyth a ring vpon his sore legge and therevnto fasten a corde which corde must go about his necke let it be so much strayned as it may bring hys sore leg more forwarde than the other to kepe the bone from starting out But if the Horse be but hurt in the styffle wyth some strype or strayne then the bone will not stand out but perhaps the place may be swollen The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst annoynt the place with the oyntment mentioned in the laste Chapter before euery day once the space of a fortenight and if the Horse amend not wyth this ▪ then rowel him with a hearen rowell or else wyth a quyll and lette the neather hole be somewhat beneath the sore place cleanse the hole euery day by turning the rowell continuing styll to annoynt the place with the oyntmente aforesayde and that shall make him whole Of foundering behinde The Cxxv. Chapter THys haps moste commonly when a horse is very fat and hath his grease molten wtin him which is sone done with euery litle heat You shall perceyue it by his going for he wyll be afrayde to sette his hinder feete to the grounde and he wyll be so weake behinde as he wil stande quiuering and shaking and couet alwayes to lie downe The cure according to Martin is thus Firste garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to goe a while to put him in a heate and being somewhat warme let him bloud in the thigh vaynes reseruing of that bloude a pottle to make him a charge in this sorte Put vnto that bloude of wheate flower of beane flower of eche a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armenie one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces syxe egges shelles and all of Turpentine halfe a pounde of Uinegre a quarte Mingle all these things together and therewith charge both his hinder legges raynes and flankes al against the haire And if the horse can not dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister Take of Mallowes three handfuls boyle them well in faire water from a pottle to a quarte Then strayne it and put therevnto halfe a pound of butter and of Sallet oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly gyue him also this drinke to comfort him Take of Malmesy a quarte and putte therevnto a little Synamom Mace and Pepper beaten into fine pouder and of oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that luke warme with a horne That done let him be walked vp downe a good while together if he be able to goe if not then tye him vp to the rack and let him be hanged with canuas and ropes so as he may stande vpon the grounde with his feete For the lesse he lie the better and pare his hinder feete thinne vntyll the deawe come out and tacking on the shoes agayne stoppe the houes with branne and hogges greace boyled together and let both his feete hauing this geare in it be wrapped vppe in a cloth euen to his
clapp one a whole shoe and stoppe the foote with nettles and Salte brayed together renuing it once a day but not ouer harde to the intent the sole may haue liberty to rise and being growen agayne let him be shodde with the lunettes and so sent to grasse Of the running Frushe The Cliij Chapter THe Frushe is the tenderest parte of the houe towards the heele called of the Ilians Fettone and bicause it is fashyoned lyke a forked head the French men cal it Furchette which worde our ferrers eyther for not knowing rightly howe to pronounce it or else perhaps for easinesse sake of pronuntiatiō do make it a monasillable and doe shortly pronounce it the frushe in which frush breedeth many tymes a rottennesse or corruption proceding of humors that cōmeth out of the legge wherby the legge is kept cleane from wynegalles and all other tumors and swellings by meanes that the humors haue passage that way Notwithstanding the discomoditie of this soraunce is greater then the commodytie bicause it maketh the horses foote so weake and tender as he is not able to treade vpon any hard ground The signes be these The horse wil halt and specially when the passage of the humor is stopt with any grauel gathered into the Frushe and not being stopt it will continually runne the sauoure whereof will be so strong as a man is not able to abide it and in some places it will looke rawe The cure according to Martin is thus First take off the shoe and pare awaye all the corrupt places and make them rawe so as you may see the water issue out of the raw places Then tack on the shoe agayne being first made wyde large ynoughe That done take of soote one handefull of salte as muche Broose them well together in a dishe and put thereunto the whyte of three egges and temper them altogither and with a litle toaw dipt therin stoppe all the foote and speciallye the frushe and splent it so as it maye not fall out renuing it once a daye the space of seuen dayes and then he will be whole During which tyme let the horse reast and come in no wette at the .vij. dayes ende leaue stopping him and ryde him abroade and alwayes when he cōmeth in let his sore foote be cleane washed that no grauel remayne therin without doing any more vnto him Of diseases or griefes indifferently incident to any part of the body but first of the Leprosie or vniuersall maunginesse called of the olde wryters Elephantia The Cliiij Chapter THis is a cankred maunginesse spreding ouer all the body which commeth of abundance of Melancholye corrupt and filthy bloude The sygnes be these The horse will be all maungye and scuruye full of scabbes and rawe plots about the necke euill fauoured to loke on alwayes rubbing scratching The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the first day in the one side of the necke within two dayes after on the other side of the neck wtin two dayes after that in the flank vaynes last of al in the vain vnder the taile Then wash al the sore places with salt brine rubbing them hard with a wispe of strawe hard twysted so as they may blede well and be all raw That done annoynt the places with this oyntmēt Take of quicke siluer one ounce of Hogges grease one pounde of brimstone beaten into powder a quarterne of Rape oyle a pinte Mingle these things well together vntil the quicke siluer be throughlye incorporated with the rest and hauing annoynted all the rawe places with this oyntment make it to sinke into the flesh by holding and weauing vp downe ouer it a hote brode bar of yron then touch him no more againe the space of two or thre dayes during which tyme if you se that he rubbeth still in any place then rub that place againe with an olde horsecombe to make it rawe and annoint it with freshe oyntment But if all this will not helpe then with a hote yron rounde and blunt at the poynt so bigge as a mans little finger Burne all the maūgye places making rounde holes passing onelye through the skin and no further For which intent it shall be nedefull to pull the skinne first from the fleshe with your left hande holding it stil vntil you haue thrust the hote yron throughe it and let euery hole be a span one from an other and if nede be you may annoynt those holes with a little Sope and let the horse be thinne dyeted during this curing tyme. Of the Farcyn called in Italian of some il verme and of some Farcina The Clv. Chapter THis is a kind of creping vlcer growing in knots folowing alongst some vaine and it procedeth of corrupt bloud ingendred in the bodye or else of some outwarde hurte as of spurgallyng or of the byting of some other horse or of the biting of tickes or of Hogges lice or such like casualtyes Or if it be in the legge it may come by enterfering It is easely knowen partly by the former discription and also it is apparant to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus Lette him bloud in that vayne where it commeth as nigh the sore place as may be let him bleede well Then fyre euery knot one by one taking the knot in your left hande and pulling it so harde as you can from his body to the intent you may the better pearce the knot with a round blunt hote yron of the bignesse of a mans fore finger without doing the body any hurt and let the matter out leauing none vnburned be it little or much That done annoynt euery knot so burned with Hogges grease warmed euery day once vntill the cores be redy to fal away and in the meane tyme prepare a good quantity of olde vrine and when you see that the cores are redy to fall boyle the vrine and put therin a little Corporas and salt and a few strong Nettles and with that water being warme washe out all the cores and all the corruption That done fil euery hole immediately with the powder of sleict Lyme continuing thus to do euery day once vntil the holes be closed vp and if any be more ranker then others fill those with Uerdygrease and during this cure lette the horse be thinlye dyeted that is to say with straw and water onely vnlesse it be now and then to giue him a lofe of bread For the lower he be kept the soner he will be whole And in any wyse let his necke be yoked in an olde bottomlesse payle or else with shorte staues to kepe him from licking the sores and the lesse rest he hath the better Of the Canker called of the Italians il Cancro The Clvi Chapter A Canker is a filthy creping Ulcer fretting and gnawing the fleshe in great breadth In the beginning it is knotty much lyke a Farcyne and spredeth it selfe into dyuers places and being exulcerated gathereth
together at length into one wounde or sore This proceedes of a Melancholy and filthy bloud ingendred in the body which if it be mixte with sharpe and salte humors it causeth the more painefull and grieuous exulceration and sometyme it commeth of some filthy wounde that is not clenly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankreth other cleane partes of the body It is easy to be knowen by the discription before writtē The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First lette him bloude in those vaynes that be nexte vnto the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alom halfe a pound of grene Corporas as much of white Corporas one quarterne and a good handefull of salte Boyle all these things together in fayre running water from a pottell to a quart and thys water being warme washe the sore therwith with a clout then sprincle theron the powder of sleyked Lyme continuing so to do euery day once the space of .xv. dayes and if you see that the Lyme doe not mortify the ranke flesh and kepe it from spreading any further then take of Sope halfe a pounde of quick siluer half an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the quick siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceyue none of the quick siluer in it And with an yron sclyce after that you haue washed the sore with the strong water aforesayde couer the wound with this oyntment cōtinuing thus to do euery day once vntill the canker leaue spreading abrode And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke fleshe is mortifyed and that the edges beginne to gather a skin Then after the washing dresse it with the Lyme as before continuing so to do vntill he be whole And in the dressing suffer no filthe that cōmeth out of the sore to remaine vpon any whole place about but wype it cleane away or else washe it away with warme water And let the Horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and throughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula The Clvij Chapter A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking Ulcer for the most parte springs of maligne humors ingendred in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easy to know by the discriptiō before made The cure according to Martin is thus First search the depth of it with a quil or with some other instrumēt of Leade that may be bowed euery way meete for the purpose For vnlesse you finde the bottom of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottom if it be in such place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a Launcet or Rasor then make a slit right against the bottom so wide as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spongye or loose fleshe which must be gotten out then taynt it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this oyntment Take of hony a quarterne and of Uerdigrease one ounce beaten in powder Boyle them together vntill it looke-redde sturring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taynt therewith and bolster the taynt with a bolster of flaxe And if it be in such a place as the taynt can not cōueniently be kepte in with a bande then fasten on eche syde of the hole two endes of a shoemakers threde right ouer the bolster to kepe in the taynte whiche endes may hang there as two laces to tye and vntye at your pleasure renuing the taynt euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprincling thereon a little sleict Lyme But if the Fistula be in suche a place as a man can neyther cut ryght against the bottome nor nyghe the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water throughe some quil or suche like thing so as it may goe to the bottome and drye vp the filthy matter dressing him so twise a day vntil the horse be whole Of an Anburye The Clviij Chapter THis is a great spongy wert full of bloud called of the Italians Moro or Selso which may growe in any place of the body and it hath a roote like a Cockes stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tye it about with a threde so harde as you can pull it and the threde will eate in by little and little in suche sorte as within seuen or eyght dayes it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharp hote yron cutting it round about and so depe as you leaue none of the roote behinde and dry it vp with Uerdygrease Russius sayth that if it growe in a place full of sinewes so as it can not be conueniently cut away with a hote yron then it is good to eate out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stoppe the hole with flaxe dipt in the white of an egge for a day or two and lastly to dry it vp with the powder of vnsleict Lyme and honye as before is taught Of woundes The Clix Chapter WOunds commeth by meanes of some strype or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole parte is cutte or broken For a wounde according to the Phisitians is defyned to be a solution dyuision or parting of the hole For if there be no such solution or parting then me thinks it ought rather to be called a brouse then a wounde And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharp or pearcing weapons and brouses with blount weapons Notwithstanding if by such blount weapons any parte of the hole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wounde as well as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe hollow Againe some chaunce in the fleshye partes and some in the bonye and sinewe places And those that chaunce in the fleshy partes though they be very deepe yet they be not so daungerous as the others and therfore we will speake fyrst of the moste daungerous If a horse haue a wounde newely made eyther in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinews bones or gristles First Martin would haue you to washe the wound wel with whyte wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wounde with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little wynd in the meane while as may be Thē hauing founde the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your saluebe readye Then take of Turpētine of Mel Rosatum of Oyle of Roses of ech a quarterne and a little vnwrought waxe and melt them together stirring them continually that they maye be well mingled together and if it be a cutte make a handesome roule of cleane picked toaw so long and so bigge as
the Amoniacum dissolued first in vineger after that al the reast of the foresayd drugs and after they haue boyled all together be vnited in one straine it and make it playster wyse this is called Emplastrū slauū that is to say the yealow plaister ▪ An oyntment for broken bones The Clxxviij Chapter TAke of olde sallet oyle a quart and put thervnto of Hogs grease of Spuma nitri of eche one pound and let them boile together vntill it begin to bubble aboue and let this oyntement be very warme when you vse it HItherto of al the diseases belonging to a horse Nowe therefore my promise made vnto you in the beginning of this boke to speak of those things wherein the cure of all diseases do consist that is to say in letting bloude in taking vppe of vaynes in purging and in giuing the fyre yea and also order it selfe bindeth me to treate of the sayde things presently and first of letting bloud In howe many vaynes a Horse may be let bloude in and to what ende The Clxxix Chapter AS touching the order time of the yere Moone day and other circumstaunces belonging to letting of bloud we haue sufficiently spoken alredy in the kepers office in the xxij Chapter It resteth therfore here to shewe you what vaynes should be opened whē the horse is sick of any disease according to Vegetius opinion But first I will rehearse vnto you once agayne in howe many vaynes a horse maye be let bloude in and the rather for that in following Vegetius I lefte out in the .vij. Chapter of the kepers office the two temple vaynes which be the two first and principal vaines of the head A horse then may be let bloud in the two temple vaynes Item in the two eye vaynes which are easie to finde in the face of the horse somewhat beneath the eyes Item in the two pallat vaynes of the mouthe Item in the two necke vaynes Item in the two platte vaynes which be in the breast Item in the two forthyghe vaynes Item in the foure shakle vaynes before Item in the two toe vaynes before Item in the two side vaynes which maye be otherwise called flanck vaynes Item in the taile vayn Item in the two haunch vaynes Item in the two hough vaines Item in the foure shakle vaynes behinde Item in the two toe vaynes behind so that by this accompt a horse may be let bloude in .xxxi. vaynes Al which vaynes are easie ynough to knowe bicause that euerye one lyeth in a little gutter which by feeling softly with your finger you shall finde immediatly And Vegetius sayth that if a horse be payned with any griefe in his heade ache heauinesse frensie falling euill or suche lyke then it is good to lette him bloude in the temple vaynes with a fleame If his eyes be waterishe bloude shotten or grieued with pinne webbe or hawe then it is good to strike the eye vayne with a fleame If he haue any heauinesse or wearinesse of bodye or be diseased in the throte with the stranguillon quynzy or swelling of the arters eyther within or without then it is good to let him bloude in the mouthe in the palat vaynes with a cornette If he be vexed with an ague or with any other disease vniuersally hurting his body then let him bloude in the necke vaynes If his griefe be in the lungs liuer or in anye other inwarde member then let him bloude in the breast vaynes which we called before the platte vaynes If he be grieued in the shoulder then let him bloud in the forethighe vaynes aboue the knee with a launcet and that very warely bicause that place is ful of sinewes and if he be grieued in his ioints thē let him bloude in the shakle vaynes and that warely bicause that place is also full of sinewes And if he be foyled on his forefeete by foundering or otherwise then let him bloud in the toe vaynes making waye first with your drawer or ronet in the houe to come to the vayne If he be diseased in the kydneys raynes backe or belly then let him bloud in the flanke vaynes and in his tayle if he hath any griefe in his hippes or houghes then let hym bloude in the hippe or houghe vaynes and if his hynder legges ioynts or feete be grieued then let him bloude in the shakle vaynes and toe vaynes as is before sayde The order of taking vp vaynes and wherefore it is good The Clxxx. Chapter THe order obserued by Martin is in this sort First if the horse be very curst and shrewd then cast him vpon a dounghill or some strawe then hauing found the vayne that you woulde take vp marke well that parte of the skinne which couereth the vayne pull that somewhat aside from the vayne with your leaft them be to the intent you may slitte it with a rasor without touching the vayne And cut no deeper then onely through the skinne and that longstwise as the vayne goeth and not aboue an ynche long That done take away your thombe and the skinne will returne agayne into his place right ouer the vaine as it was before Then with a cornet vncouer the vayne and make it bare and being bare thrust the cornet vnderneath it and rayse it vp so as you may put a shoemakers threede vnderneath somewhat higher then the coronet to knitte the vayne when tyme is and if your cornet had a hole in the small ende thereof to put in the threade it shoulde be the easelier done Then the cornet standing so stil slitte the vayne longstwayes that it may bleede and hauing bled somewhat from aboue then knitte it vp with a sure knot somewhat aboue the slitte suffering it to bleede onely from beneath and hauing bled sufficiently then knitte vp the vayne also beneath the slitte with a sure knot and fill the hole of the vayne with salt and then heale vp the wounde of the skinne with Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together and layd on with a little flax The taking vp of vaynes is verye necessary and doth ease manye griefes in the legges for the taking vp of the forethighe vaynes easeth Farcyns and swellings of the legges the taking vp of the shakel vaynes before easeth the quitterbone and swelling of the ioyntes scabbes cratches The taking vp of the hinder vaynes helpeth the farcyn swellings both the spauens The taking vp of the shakle vaynes behinde helpeth swelling of the ioints the paines and kibed heeles and such like diseases Of purging with purgation or Glyster The Clxxxiij Chapter PUrgation is defyned by the Phisians to be the emptying or voyding of superfluous humors annoying the bodye with their euill qualitie For suche humors breede euill iuyce and nutrimēt called of the Phisitians Cachochimia which when it wil not be corrected or holpen with good dyet alteration nor by the benefite of nature and kindly heate then it must nedes be taken away by purgation vomit or glister But for so