is hot and sweating for all these things do breede corrupt humors in the Horsses body whereof the Pestilence doth chiefely proceede or else of the corruption of the aire poysoning the breath whereby the Beastes should liue which also happeneth sometime of the corruption of e-euill vapors and exhalations that spring out of the earth and after great floodes or earthquakes and sometime by meanes of some euill distillation or influence of the Planettes corrupting sometime the plants and fruits of the earth and sometime diuers kinde of cattell and sometime both men Women and children as wee daiely see by experience It seemeth that this euill or mischiefe in times paste came suddenly without giuing any warning for none of mine Authors doth declare any signes how to know whether a Horsse hath this disease or not but onely affirme that if one Horsse do die of it al his fellowes that beare him company will follow after if they bee not remedied in time so that as far as I can learne the sudden death of one or two first must bee the onely meane to knowe that this disease doeth reigne And the remedy that they giue is this First separate the whole from the sicke yea and haue them cleane out of the aire of those that be dead the bodies whereof as Vegetius saith if they be not deep buried will infect al the rest And let them blood as wel in the neck as in the mouth then giue them this drink take of Gentian of Aristoloch of Bay berries of Myrrhe of the scraping of Iuory of each like quantity beate them into fine powder and giue as well to the sicke as to the whole whome you would preserue from this contagion euery day a spoonefull or two of this powder in a pinte of good wine so long as you shall see it needefull This medicine before rehearsed is called of the ancient writers Diapente that is to say a composition of fiue simples and is praised to be a soueraigne medicine and preseruatiue against al inward diseases and therefore they would haue such as trauell by the way to carty of this powder alwaies about them There be many other Medicines which I leaue to write because if I should rehearse euery mans medicine my booke would be infinite I for my part would vse no other then either that before expressed or else wine and treacle onely Of the diseases in the head Blundevile THe head is subiect to diuers diseases according to the diuers partes thereof for in the pannicles or little fine skins cleaning to the bones and couering the braine do most properly breed headach and migram Againe in the substance of the braine which in a Horsse is as much in quantity as is almost the braine of a meane hog do breede the Frensie madnesse sleeping euill the palsey and forgetfulnesse Finally in the ventricles or celles of the braine and in those conducts through which the spirits annimall doe giue feeling and mouing to the body do breede the turnsick or staggers the faling euill the night mare the Apoplexy the palsie and the conuulsion or Cramp the Catarre or Rheume which in a Horsse is called the Glaunders but first of headach Of headeach THe headeach either commeth of some inward causes as of some cholerick humor bred in the pannicles of the braine or else of som outward cause as of extream heat or cold of some blow or of some violent sauour Eumelus saith that it commeth of raw digestion but Martin saith most commonly of cold the signes be these The Horsse will hang downe his head and also hang downe his eares his sight will be dimme his eies swollen and waterish and he will forsake his meat The cure Let him bloode in the palat of his mouth Also purge his head with this perfume Take of Garlike stalkes a handfull all to broken in short pieces and a good quantity of Frankencense and being put into a chafingdish of fresh coales holde the chafingdish vnder the Horsses Nostrils so as the fume may ascende vp into his head and in vsing him thus once or twice it wil make him to cast at the nose and so purge his head of al filth Pelogonius saith that it is good to pouer into his Nostrils wine wherein hath beene sodden Euforbium Centuary and Frankencence Of the frenzy and madnesse of a Horse THe learned Physicians do make diuers kindes as well of frensie as of madnesse which are not needefull to be recited sith I could neuer read in any Author nor learne of any Ferrer that a horsse were subiect to the one halfe of them Absiruus Hierocles Eumelus Pelagonius and Hippocrates do write simply de furore rabie that is to say of the madnesse of a Horsse But indeede vegetius in his second booke of horseleach-craft seemeth to make foure mad passions belonging to a Horsse intituling his Chapters in this sort de Appioso de Frenetico de Cardiacis de Rabioso the effects wherof though I feare me it wil be to no great purpose yet to content such as perhaps haue read the Author as wel as I my selfe I wil heere briefly rehearse the same When some naughty blood saith he doth strike the filme or pannacle of the brain in one part onely and maketh the same grieuously to ake then the beast becommeth Appiosum that is to say as it seemeth by his owne words next following both dul of mind and of sight This word Appiosum is a strange word and not to be found againe in any other Author and because in this passion the one side of the head is onely grieued the Horsse turneth round as though he went in a Mill. But when the poyson of such corrupt blood doth infect the mid braine then the Horse becommeth Frantike and will leape and fling and wil run against the wals And if such blood filleth the vaines of the stomach or breast then it infecteth as well the heart as the brain and causeth alienation of mind and the body to sweate and this disease is called of Vegetius Passocardiaca which if Equus Appiosus chance to haue then he becommeth Rabiosus that is to say starke mad For saith he by ouermuch heat of the liuer and blood the vaines and artires of the heart are choked vp for griefe and paine whereof the Horsse biteth himselfe and gnaweth his owne flesh Of two sorts of mad horses I beleeue I haue seene my selfe heere in this Realme For I saw once a black Sweathland Horsse as I tooke him to be in my Lord of Hunsdons stable at Hunsdon comming thither by chance with my Lord Morley which Horsse would stand all day long biting of the manger and eat little meate or none suffering no man to aproch vnto him by which his doings and partly by his colour and complexion I iudged him to be vexed with a melancholy madnesse called of the Physitians Mania or rather Melancholia which commeth of a corrupt Melancholy and filthy blood or humor
vp his eares he windeth sharpe very far and sure and discouereth all treachery against him but if they hange downe and wag he perceiueth no danger By their teeth is their age discerned and they haue foure on both sides Aristotle wherewith they grind theyr meate and besides two other much greater in the male then in the female and they bend downward to bite withal Aristotle All these beasts haue worms in their heads bred vnderneath their tongue in a hollow place where the neck-bone is ioyned to the heade which are not bigger then such as Flyes blow in rotten flesh They are ingendred together one with another and they are in number twenty as some would haue it but I was giuen to vnderstand by one that sawe a heade of this beast dissected wherein were many more Wormes and not contained in one place but spreade all ouer the head The breast is by the Frenchmen called peculiarly Hampan his blood is not like other beastes for it hath no Fibres or small veines in it and therefore it is hardly congealed His heart is very great as it so falleth out in all fearefull beasts hauing in it a bone like a a crosse as shall be afterward manifested His belly is not of one fashion as it falleth out in all other which chew the cud He hath no gall which is one cause of the length of his life and therefore also are his bowels so bitter that the Dogges will not touch them except they be very fat The Achaian Harts are said to haue their gall in their tailes and other say that Harts haue a gal in their eares Aristotle plâ—nâ— The Harts of Briletum and Tharne haue their raines Quadrupled or foure-fould The genitall part is all neruy the taile small and the Hinde hath vdders betwixt her thighes with foure speanes like a cow Of their disâ—osiâ—ion Pliâ—y A sâ—câ—et to cuâ—â— poyson Both male and female are woonderfully swift and subtile as shall be shewed in the discourse of their hunting They are also apt and cunning to swim although in their swimming they see no land yet doe they wind it by their noses They chew the cud like other beasts It is reported that when a Hart is stung by a Serpent that by eating Elaphoscum that is as some call it Harts eye others Hart-thorne or grace of God others wilde Ditany it presently cureth the wound and expelleth the poyson the same vertue they attribute to Polypodye against the wound of a Dart. of their food â—â—agus Hauing thus entered into mention of their foode it is to be farther obserued that the males of this kind will eat Dwall or night-shade which is also called Deathes-hearbe and they also loue aboue all other food wilde Elder so as in the Summer time they keepe for the most part in those places where these plantes grow eating the leaues onely and not the boughes or sprigs a secret in the Hind How Hartes draw serpeÌ„ts out of theyr holes and wherefore they eat and deuoure theÌ„ but the Hind will eat neither of both except when she beareth a male in her belly and then also by secret instinct of nature she feedeth like a male They will also eate Serpents but whether for hatred to them or for medicine they receiue by them it is questionable A Hart by his nose draweth a Serpent out of her hole and therefore the Gramarians deriued Elaphos a Hart from Elanein tous opheis that is of driuing away Serpents I cannot assent to the opinion of Aelianus that affirmeth the Serpents follow the breath of a Hart like some Philtre or amorous cup for seeing that all Authors hold an hostility in natures betwixt them it is not probable that the Serpent loueth the breath of a beast vnto whose whole body he is an enemy with a perpetuall antipathy And if any reply that the warme breath of a Hart is acceptable to the cold Serpent and that therefore she followeth it as a Dogge creepeth to the fire or as other beasts the beames of the Sunne I will not greatly gaine-say it seeing by that meanes it is most cleare that the breath doeth not by any secret force or vertue extract and draw her out of the Denne but rather the concomitant quality of heate which is not from the secret fire in the bones of the Hartes throat as Pliny hath taught but rather from her ordinary expiration inspiration and respiration For it cannot be that seeing al the parts of a Serpent are opposite to a Hart that there should be any loue to that which killeth her For my opinion I thinke that the manner of the Harts drawing the Serpent out of her Den is not as Aelianus and Pliny affirmeth by sending into the caue a warme breath which burneth and scorcheth the beast out of her den but rather when the Hart hath found the Serpents nest she draweth the aire by secret and violent attraction out from the Serpent who to saue her life followeth the ayre out of her den as when a vessell is broched or vented the wine followeth the flying ayre and as a cupping-glasse draweth blood out of a Scarified place of the body so the Serpent is drawne vnwillingly to follow her destroier and not willingly as Aelianus affirmeth Vnto this opinion both Oribasius in his commentaries vpon the Aphorismes of Hippocrates and Gumterius his restorer do ioyntly agree but the Serpent being thus drawne forth addeth greater force to her poyson whereupon the prouerbiall admonition did arise Cane ne incideris in serpentem cum extracta a latebris anhelitu cerui effugerit tum enim propter Aelianus iracundiam vehementius ei venenum est that is Beware thou meete not with a Serpent drawn out of her hole by the breth of a Hart for at that time by reason of her wrath her poison is more vehement After this selfe same manner doe the sea-Rams drawe the Sea-calfes hid in the Subterranean Rocks for by smelling they preuent the ayr that should come vnto them for refrigeration Oâ—pianus Gillius The fight betwixt Harts and Serpents There is many times strange conflicts betwixt the Hart and the Serpent thus drawne forth for the Serpent seeing her aduersary lifteth her necke aboue the ground and grasheth at the Hart with her teeth breathing out very bitter hissings on the contrary the Hart deriding the vaine endeuour of his weake aduersary readier to fight then powerfull to harme him suffereth him to embrace both his necke and Legges with his long and thin body but at an instant teareth it into an hundred pieces But the most strange combats are betwixt the Harts and Serpents of Libia where the hatred is deeper and the Serpents watch the Hart when he lyeth a sleepe on the ground and being a multitude of them set vpon him together fastening their poysonfull teeth in euery part of his skinne some on his necke and breast some on his sides and backe some on his Legges and
his head with such perfumes as haue beene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glanders and also to giue him alwaies Coleworts chopt small with his prouender Some would haue him to drinke the warme blood of sucking pigs new slaine and some the iuyce of Leekes with oile and wine mingling together Others praise wine and Frankincense some oyle and Rue some would haue his body to be purged and set to grasse Of the consumption of the flesh and how to make a leane Horse fat MArtin saith that if a Horse take a great cold after a heat it wil cause his flesh to wast and his skin to wax hard and dry and to cleaue fast to his sides and hee shall haue no appetite vnto his meat and the fillets of his backe wil fal away and all the flesh of his buttocks and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heads vnflead boile them in three gallons of Ale or faire running water vntill the flesh be consumed from the bones that done strain it through a fine cloth and then put thereunto of Sugar one pound of Cinamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barberries of Cherries of each two ounces and mingle them together and giue the Horsse euery day in the morning a quart thereof lukewarme vntil all be spent and after euery time he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abroade if the weather be warme and not windy and let him neither eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no cold water but lukewarme the space of fifteene daies and let him be fed by little and little with such meate as the Horse hath most appetite vnto But if the horse be nesh and tender so wax lean without any apparant griefe or disease then the old writers would haue him to be fed now and then with partched Wheat and also to drinke Wine with his water and eate continually wheate bran mingled with his prouender vntill hee waxe stronge and hee must be often dressed and trimmed and lye softe without the which things his meat will do him but little good And his meat must be fine and cleane and giuen him often and by litttle at once Russius saith that if a Horsse eating his meat with good appetite doth not for al that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauin Bay berries Earth-nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wine or to giue him the intrals of a Barbell or Tench with white Wine He saith also that sodden Beanes mingled with Branne and Salt will make a leane Horsse fat in very short space Of griefe in the breast Blundevile LAurentius Russius writeth of a disease called in Italian Grauezza di petto which hath not beene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learn It coms as Russius saith of the superfluity of blood or other humors dissolued by some extreame heat and resorting down the breast paining the Horsse so as he cannot well go The cure whereof according to Russius is thus Let him bloode on both sides of the breast in the accostomed vaines and rowell him vnder the breast and twice a daye turne the rowells with your hand to mooue the humours that they may yssue forth and let him goe so roweled the space of fifteene daies Of the paine of the heart called Anticor that is to say Contrary to the heart THis proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding ouermuch rest which blood resorting to the inward parts doth suffocate the heart and many times causeth swellinges to appeare before the breast which will grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the Horsse The signes The Horse will hang downe his head in the manger forsaking his meate and is not able to lift vp his head The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides aboundantly in the plat vaines and then giue him this drinke take a quart of malmesie and put thereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugar and two ounces of Cinamon and giue it him lukewarme then keepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well about the stomach that the wind offend him no manner of way and giue him warme water with mault alawies to drinke and giue him such meate as he will eate And if the swelling do appeare then besides letting him blood strike the swelling in diuers places with your fleame that the corruption may goe forth and annoint the place with warme Hogs greace and that wil either make it to weare away or else to grow to a head if it be couered and kept warme Of tired Horsses BIcause we are in hand heere with the vitall partes and that when the Horsses be tyred with ouermuch labour their vitall spirits wax feeble I thinke it best to speak of them euen heere not with long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but briefely to shew you how to refresh the poore Horsse hauing neede thereof which is doone chiefely by giuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plenty of prouender And to quicken his spirits it shall be good to poure a little oyle and vineger into his Nostrils and to giue him the drinke of sheeps heads recited before in the Chapter of consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his Legges with this bath take of Mallowes of Sage of each two or three handfuls and a Rose-cake boile these things together and being boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet-oyle Or else make him this charge take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flower of each halfe a pound and a little Rozen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his Legs therewith and if it be summer turne him to grasse Of the diseased parts vnder the midriffe and first of the stomacke THe old Authors make mention of many diseases incident to a horses stomacke as loathing of meat spewing vp his drinke surfetting of prouender the hungry euil and such like which few of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I wil breefely speake of as many as I thinke necessary to bee knowne and first of the loathing of meate Blundevile Of the loathing of meat A Horsse may loath his meat through the imtemperature of his stomack as for that it is too hot or too cold If his stomacke be too hot then most commonly it will either inflame his mouth and make it to breake out in blisters yea and perhaps cause some cancker to breed there The cure of all which things hath beene taught before But if he forsake his meat onely for very heat which you shall perceiue by the hotnesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomack by giuing him cold water mingled with a little Vineger and oile to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wine of each one pinte and put
his Legs to which mischance Martin being called made no more adoe but taking his friendes Cart-rope bound the horses legs all 4. together and with a leuer being staid vpon the Cart-wheele they putting their shoulders to the other end hoised vp the horse clean from the ground the peise of whose body made the bone to returne into his right place with such a loude kâ—ack or crack as it might he heard a great way off and the Horse immediatly had the vse of his leg so as he drew in the cart and went also safe home without complaining thereof euer after Certaine receipts of plaisters very good for broken bones taken out of the old Authors writing of horse-leach-craft TAke of Spuma argenti of vineger of each one pound of Sallet-oyle halfe a pound of Amoniacum and Turpentine of each 3. three ounces of waxe of Rozen of each two ounces of Bitumen of Pitch of Vardigrease of each halfe a pound Boile the vineger oile and Spuma argenti together vntill it wax thick then put thereunto the Pitch which being molten take the pot from the fire and put in the Bitumen without stirring it at al and that being also molten then put in al the rest set the pot again to the fire and let them boile al together vntil they bee all vnited in one That done straine it and make it in a plaister forme and this is called Hierocles plaister Another receit for broken bones TAke of liquid Pitch one pound of wax two ounces of the purest finest part of Frankincense one ounce of Amoniacum foure ounces of dry Roses and of Galbanum of each one ounce of vineger two pints Boile first the vineger and Pitch together then put in the Amoniacum dissolued first in vineger and after that al the rest of the aforesaid drugs and after they haue boyled together and be vnited in one straine it and make it plaister-wise and this is called Emplastrum flauum that is to say the yellow plaister An ointment for broken bones TAke of old Sallet-oile a quart and put therunto of hogs-grease of Spuma nitri of each one pound and let them boile together vntil it begin to buble aboue let this ointment be very warm when you vse it Hitherto of al the diseases belonging to a horse Now therefore my promise was made vnto you to speake of those things wherein the cure of al diseases do consist that is to say in letting bloud in taking vp of veines in purging and in giuing the fire yea and also order it selfe bindeth me to treat of the said things presently and first of letting blood In how many veines a horse may be let bloud and to what end AS touching the order time of the yeare Moone and day and other circumstances belonging to letting of blood we haue sufficiently spoken already in the keepers office in the 22. chap. It resteth therefore here to shew you what veines should be opened when the horse is sick of any disease according to Vegetius opinion But first I will rehearse vnto you once again in how many veines a horse may be let blood and the rather for that I followe Vegetius A Horse then may bee let blood in the two Temple vaines Item in the two eie vaines which are easie to finde in the face of the horse somewhat beneath the eies Item in the two pallat veines of the mouth In the two necke vaines Item in the two plat vaines which bee in the breast Item in the two forethigh vaines Item in the foure shakell vaines before Item in the two toe vains before Item in the two side veines which may bee otherwise called flancke veines Item in the taile veine Item in the two haunch veines Item in the two hough veines Item in the foure shakell veines behinde Item in the two toe veines behind so that by this accout a horse may be let blood in 3â— veines All which veines are easie inough to know because that euery one lyeth in a little gutter which by feeling softly with your finger you shall finde immediatly And Vegetius saith that if a Horse be pained with any griefe in his head as with ach heauinesse frenzy falling euill or such like then it is good to let him blood in the temple veines with a fleame If his eies be waterish blodshotten or grieued with pin web or hawe then it is good to strike the eie veine with a fleame If he haue any heauinesse or wearinesse of body or bee diseased in the throat with the strangullion quinzy or swelling of the artires either within or without then it is good to let him bloud in the mouth in the palat veines with a Cornet If he be vexed with an Ague or with any other disease vniuersally hurting his body then let him bloud in the necke vaines If his griefe be in the lungs liuer or in any other inward member then let him blood in the breast veines which we called before the palat veines If he be grieued in the shoulder then let him blood in the forethigh veins aboue the knee with a lancet and that very warily because that place is full of sinnewes and if he be grieued in his ioynts then let him bloud in the shakell veines and that warily because that place is also full of sinnewes And if he be foiled on his forefeet by foundering or otherwise then let him blood in the toe veins making way first with your drawer or cornet in the hoofe to come to the veine If he bee diseased in the kidnies reines backe or belly then let him bloud in the flancke veines and in his taile if he hath any griefe in his hips or houghs then let him blood in the hip or hough veines and if his hinder legs ioynts or feete be grieued then let him blood in the shakell veines and toe veines as is aforesaid The order of taking vp vaines and wherefore it is good â—â—â—ndevile THe order obserued by Martin is in this sort First if the Horsse be very curst and shrewd then cast him vppon a dunghill or some straw then hauing found the veine that you would take vp marke well that part of the skinne which couereth the veine and pull that somewhat a side from the veine with your left thumb to the intent you may slit it with a Rasor without touching the veine And cut not no deeper then onely through the skinne and that longste wise as the veine goeth and not aboue an inch long That done take away your Thumbe and the skinne will returne againe into his place right ouer the veine as it was before Then with a cornet vncouer the vaine and make it vp and heing bare thrust the cornet vnderneath it and raise it vp so as you may put a shoomakers thread vnderneath somewhat higher then the cornet to knit the vaine when time is And if your cornet had a hole in the small end to put in the thread it should be the easlier done
creation but also we ought to giue hereby thanks to his maiesty for their creation and conseruation in their seuerall kinds and orders for the vse and behoofe of men And for those things which are altogither vnprofitable to men we ought to woonder as much at their vilenesse as they want of profitablenes For those admirable gifts and powers are not common to all little beasts as we see they are in Elephants Lyons Camels such other for then we should wonder at them the lesse but yet in som of the litle ones there are farre more excellent properties then in any of the greatest Consider with what art and indrustry the Bee frameth her Combe and the Emmet storeth her nest and tell me if the wit and eloquence of man be able sufficiently to expresse and praise it Beside their perpetuall concord dilligence and agreement in the administration gathring and spending of all their store inso much as eyther they seem to be deriued from nature or els from a deep reach of wit reason and vnderstanding neither are they the lesse admirable if we grant that these vertures are not natural and proper nor proceeding from reason wil for they are no lesse the strange or stranger worke of God For what a Diuine thing is it that these beasts attaine to that vpon a sudden without instruction and teaching and therefore by instinct and a kind of reuelation which men do not attaine in long exercise practise study These are assuredly euident testimonies of diuinity for the Lord is meruailous in al his works either in nature or reason wil or contrary to both without al interceeding mean for al these haue dependance vpon his pleasure For how can his Diuine power wisedome and goodnesse euer be absent from the world I meane from man the prince of the world when such excellent gifts are made visible in little beasts that euerie day perish and are corrupted easily and ingendered againe by their owne putrifaction so as they neuer faile in kind euen those that are so smal little in body that they can scarse be seen by the eies of man these things are to me vnanswerable argumēts of the presence and power of God for that they moue and bee in action it proceedeth of his power in that they vse their sences and there by follow and attaine those things which are profitable to them and avoyd al hurtful things contrary to their nature because they build them houses and places of habitation make prouision for their food and victuals it proceedeth of his wisedome but in that they nourish their young ones loue one another in al outward appearance liuing in flocks togither as if they had knowledge of society and consent vnanimously to their work and labour it is likewise a token and visible emblem of his goodnes The first cause therefore of these virtues or whatsoeuer you wil cal them Idea or Original must needs be the absolute example of God the Creator And wee must not suppose that his most excellent Maiesty hath proponed these patternes vnto vs by chance or rashly without purpose of this end that it should be to vs as cleare as the light Omnia diuinitatis esse plena that all things are full of his Diuinity seeing that a Sparrow lighteth not on the ground without his will And the poet saide God is in the middest of Beasts Men Markets and Sea And heere I cannot containe my selfe from relating the words of Aristotle for I trust that no man will blame me if I alledge and write any thing truely and fitly although it be in another mans words for it is not to be regarded who saith but what is sayed or spoken Thus therefore he writeth Among those creatures which are lesse acceptable to our sences nature which is the common mother of all hath ordained many delightes and pleasures in them for men which vnderstand their cause or can reason of their Natures liberally for this thing is absurd and farre from all reason that because we cannot looke vppon the ymages and vpper faces of creatures and naturall thinges painted and framed without we also behold in them the wit and Art of the Painter and that therefore we can take lesse pleasure in the worke for the Worke-mans sake For if we can attaine to the true causes we shall no lesse kisse and imbrace the contemplation of the very actions of naturall thinges with woonderfull diligence and alacrity and for this cause it is a base thinge to despise the nature and constitution of the smaller and viler beasts fit for Boyes and childish minds for there is not any work of nature wherein there is not some wonderfull thing therefore that is true which Heraclitus sayed to them that followed him vnto a hot-house wherein he sat to warme his body and when he perceiued that they were affraid to come in he cryed out vnto them that they should abstaine forbeare to enter boldly because Ne hinc quidem loco desunt dij immortalis That euen in this place you shall finde the immortall Gods And this rule must be followed in looking into the nature of Beasts for we ought to enter into their consideration without feare or blushing seeing the operation of nature is euery where very honest and beautifull for therein is nothing done inconsideratly and without a true end but all things aduisedly for a certain and determinat purpose and this purpose doth alway containe both goodnes and honesty But if any man be so Barbarous as to thinke that the beasts and such other creatures cannot affoord him any subiect woorthy of his contempaltion then let him thinke so of himselfe likewise for what ignoble basenesse is there in bloode flesh bones vaines and such like Doth not the body of man consist thereof And then how abhominable art thou to thy selfe that doest not rather looke into these which are so neere of kinde vnto thee And I may adde as much of them that reason of matter without forme or vse forme without matter as of a house without the sides or of a vessell without the best part and and so is he that looketh vppon one part of nature and not the whole or on those things which cannot be seuered from the substaunce Thus farre Aristotle whose wordes I haue expressed at large because as we haue borrowed all his substance and inserted it into our discourse so I thought it not good to omit his preface Seeing these thinges are thus we cannot but thinke that euery story of a beast is like a seuerall Hymne to praise the Diuine wisdome and goodnes from which as from a pure euer-springing-fountaine proceed and flow all good beautifull and wise actions First thorough the heauenly spirits and degrees of Angels and celestial bodies afterward thorough the minds of men beginning at the highest and so proceeding to the lowest for euen in men the giftes and graces of God differ and from men to other creatures that haue
to wet their feet They will driue their young ones from sucking at the sixt moneth because of the pain in their vdders but their keepers weane them not till a whole yeare after their foaling Their milke is so thicke that it is vsed in stead of sodder a Mares is more thin and a Camels is thinnest of all It is mortall to their yong ones to tast the dammes milke for two dayes after their foling for the food is so fat that it breedeth in their mouthes the colostracion or Beestings Touching their seuerall parts Aelianus they haue teeth on either chap like a man and a horsse an Asse and a Mule haue 36. teeth and ioyned neere togither the bloud of Asses and Bulles is the thickest of all other Abâ—ertus as the bloud of man is the thinnest His head is great and his eares long and broad both male and female loose their fore-teeth in the thirtith moneth of their age Pliny and the second to the first in the sixt moneth their third fourth teeth are called Gnomons that is Regulars because by them there is a tried rule to know their age and those teeth also they lose in the sixt moneth The hart of an Asse is great as all other fearefull beasts haue The belly is vniforme as in other beasts that haue a solide or whole hoofe It wanteth a gall and hath two vdders betwixt the thighes the forpart of the backe neere the shoulders is weakest and there appeareth the figure of a Crosse Plutarch Pliny Ioan Aâ—oâ—ach and the hinder part neere the loynes is stronger The hoofes are whole and not parted the Stygean water is so cold that nothing can hold it except the hoofe of an asse or Mule although Aelianus affirme that it cannot bee contained but in the hornes of Scythian asses Their tayles are longer by one ioint then a horsses though not so hairy They are purged with monthly courses more then sheepe or Goats and the vrine of the female is more thin than the males If an Asse was hindered by any disease from making water 〈◊〉 certaine superstitious persons for the ease of the beast muttered this charm Gallus bibit non meijt myoxus meijt non bibit that is The Cocke drinketh and maketh not water The Dormouse maketh water and neuer drinketh They will eate Canes or Reedes Their meate which to other beasts is almost poison wherefore in old time an Asse was dedicated to Bacchus as the canes wer sacred vnto him and at the time of their copulation they giue them herbe Basill to stir vp their lust They will be satisfied with any neuer so base food as chaffe whereof there is abundance in euery countrey young thornes and fruites of trees twigges of Osier Philemon died with laughing when he saw an asse eate figs. or a bundle of boughes to browse vpon insomuch as Q. Hortensius was wont to say that he had more care that his Barbels should not hunger in his fish-pools then his Asses in Rosea but the young ones newly weaned must be more tendered for they must be fed with hay chaffe or barley Val Man greene corne or barley bran Asses will hardly drinke but at watering places in their folds or such as they haue been accustomed withall and where they may drink without wetting their feet and that which is more strange they cannot be brought to goe ouer hollow bridges through which the water appeareth in the chinks of the plankes when in trauaile they are very thirsty they must be vnladen and constrained to drink yea Herodotus reporteth that there are certaine Asses among the African shepheardes which neuer drinke When they sleepe they lie at length and in their sleepe conceiue manie forceable dreames as appeareth by the often beating backe their hinder legs which if they strike not against the vaine ayre but against some harder substance they are for euer vtterly lamed When the Asses of Thuscia haue eaten Hemlocke or an herbe much like vnto it Mathaeolus they sleepe so long and strangely that oftentimes the countreymen begin to fleay them and on the sudden their skins halfe taken off and the other halfe on they awake braying in such horrible maner that the poore men are most dreadfully affrighted therwith Their voice is very rude and fearefull as the Poet said Quirritat verres tardus rudit oncat assellus and therefore the Graecians to expresse the same haue feigned many new wordes and cal it Ogkethmos as the Latines Rudere that is to vtter forth a voice in a base and rude maner The Poets feign that at that time when Iupiter came to warre with the Gyantes Eratosthenes Bacchus and Vulcan the Satyres and Sileni assisted and attended him being carried vpon Asses When the time came that the battell began the Asses for very feare brayed most horribly whereat the Gyantes not being acquainted with such strange and vnknowne voyces and cries tooke them to their heeles and so were ouercome In the sacrifices of the Goddesse Vacuna an Asse was feasted with bread and crowned with flowers hung with rich Iewels and Peytrels Ouid. because as they saye when Priapus would haue rauished Vesta being asleepe she was suddenly awaked by the braying of an Asse and so escaped that infamie And the Lampsaceni in the disgrace of Priapus did offer him an asse But this is accounted certaine that among the Scythians by reason of colde an Asse is neuer heard nor seene and therefore when the Scythians set vppon the Persyans their horsses will not abide the braying of Asses Lanctantius wondring both at the strangnesse of an Asses shape and rudenesse of his crie wherefore there are certaine birds resembling in their chattering the braying of Asses and are therefore tearmed Onocratuli When an asse dieth out of his body are ingendred certaine Flies called Scarabees They are infested with the same diseases that horsses be and also cured by the same meanes except in letting of bloud for by reason their vaines be small and their bodies cold A good hors leach is a good asseleach Vegetius in no case must any bloud be taken from them Asses are subiect to madnesse when they haue tasted of certaine herbes growing neer Potnias as are Beares Horsses Leopardes and Wolues they only among al other hairie beasts are not trobled with either tikes or lice but principally they perish by a swelling about the crowne of their pasterne or by a Catarhe called Malis which falling down vpon their liuer they die but if it purge out of their nostrils they shall be safe and Columella writeth that if sheepe bee stabled where Mules or Asses haue beene housed they will incur the scab There is great vse made of the skins of Asses for the Germans doe make thereof a substance to paint and write vpon which is called Eselshut The Arabians haue a cloth called Mesha made of Asses and Goats haire whereof the inhabitauntes of their
drunke off cureth the strangury Pliny It is thought that with the pouder of the Asses genitall the haire may be made grow thicker and the same beaten with leade and oyle and annointing the heade where gray haires are shauen off keepeth it from more graye haires The stones of an Asse kept in salt and sprinkled in a potion of asses milke or Water helpeth the fallinge euill The gall of an asse or a bull either of them seuerally broke into water taketh away the spots in the face if after the patients skin be pilled he must keepe himselfe from sun and wind The blood of an asse staieth the flux of blood cōming from the skin or films of the brain and two or three drops of the same drunke with wine cureth a quotidian feuer Eseulapius Pliny the selfe same thing is reported of the bloud let out of the veine in the eare The bloud of the foale of an Asse with wine cureth the Kinges evill The froath or scum of Nitre with the fat of an Asse or the fatte of a Sowe cureth the bitinges of Dogges Dioscorides and if there bee any scarres in the body the fatte maketh them of the same colour with the residue of the bodye And if one vexed with the falling euill be annointed with the suet or fat of an Asse it will ease them very much likewise the marrow of Asses helpeth the scabs from a man and with the suet the places infected with Catthars Leprosies or Scarres Rasis receiue their former colour and the skinne laid vpon young infants Pliny maketh them without feare And if the bill of a Heron wrapped in an Asses skinne bee bound to ones forehead it prouoketh sleepe A palsie man will fall downe if he tast of the perfume made of the haires of an Asse or Mule The ashes of the haires of Asses stayeth bleeding Trallianus and the same hath the more force if they be of a male and be mixed with vineger and laide in wooll to the yssue bleeding The bones of an Asse broken and sod Pliny are very soueraigne against the venom of a sea-Hare-fish The poulder of an Asses hoofe drunke a moneth togither two spoonfuls at a time helpeth the falling euill very greatly and the same mixed with oyle Galenus helpeth the kings euill and being put vpon Kibes or Chil-blanes cureth them The hoofs of Asses burned and beaten to poulder giuen to them that haue the falling euil in drink Myrepsus helpeth them speedily also a burned hoofe is mingled with many medicines to cure the swelling of the Nauell in children and the hoofs perfumed procure speedy deliuerance in trauaile of yong that the dead thing may come forth otherwise it is not vsed Aetius for it will kill the liuing yong ones The dust thereof with the milke of an Asse by annointing cureth the scars and webs of the eies and as Marcellus saith only the parings of an Asses hoofe scraped and mingled with a womans milke and they say that if an Epilectick man weare a ring made of an asses hoofe wherin is no blacknes it will preserue him from falling The poulder of an asses hoofe burned and beaten laide in vineger and made in little bals and one of them put into the mouth and there held helpeth the loosnesse and paine in the teeth Galen There is a collection of certaine hard matter about an asses legges called Lichen which if it be burned and beaten and put into old oyle will cause haires to grow out of baldnes and it is of such force that if it be applyed to a womans cheek it will produce the same effect and mingled with vineger it raiseth vp the lethargike man And if a man take the ring-wormes growing naturally on Asses legges Marcellus and shredding them into pouder put them in vineger it staieth all paine in the heade which maketh one sleepy The flesh of Asses sod in pottage helpeth them that haue the Phthisis or disease of the Lungs and there are some which prescribe the taking of Asses flesh or the blood of Asses mingled with vineger to be taken forty daies togither against the falling euill Pliny The milke of an asse mingled with hony and drunke loosneth the bellie and therefore Hypocrates gaue it for a gentle purgation being moister then anie other kind of milke and fitter to take downe the bellie It will also ease the tooth-ache if the teeth be washed in it Archigenes and fasten them that are loose being verie good to wash the teeth withall Galen gaue asses milk mixt with honie to one in a consumption when he came newly from a bath and therfore it is giuen in feuers hecticks and all consuming diseases because the substance of it is fitter for detersion then nutriment when the brests are in paine by drinking asses milke they be holpe and the same mingled with honie causeth womens purgation by drinking asses milke an exulcerat stomacke is relieued likewise all other pains in the stomack which come of sadnesse or sorrow sighing and desperation Pliny and Heraclides gaue asses milke with anniseed to one that had his lights stopped and it is likewise commended against the cough extenuation spitting of blood dropsie and hardnes of the spleene but it is not good for a weake head troubled with giddines or noise yet will it loosen the hardnes of the bellie in a feuer It is also priuately vsed against eating of morture white lead sulphur and quicksiluer and when a mans meate doeth not neither nourish nor disgest let him drinke Asses milke safelie and it is also good to gargarize in sore chappes or throates Likewise in a seuer when there is no head-ache 〈◊〉 The auncient in old time gaue Asses milke to children before meat Galenus and for want thereof Goats-milke for sore mouths it must be gargarized It is very profitable against the collicke and bloudy Flixe if honie be put thereunto the loosnes or desire of stoole is taken away by drinking Asses milke the whay or milke of an Asse did Hyppocrates prescribe against the consumption of the raynes or backe and the same with a root of a pomgranat against the loosenes and other diseases of the belly to be drunke Pliny Also there are examples where the whay of Asses milke haue helped the gowt both in hand and foot sweet water with Asses milk is wholsome against poyson of Hen-bane other poysons Pliny but it must be vsed new or else soone after warmed This milke will wake womens skins whiter Pliny wherefore Poppea the wife of Domitius Nero carried about with her in her progresse fifty milche Asses wherewith she did vse to bath her selfe The vrine with the owne dung healeth straight shooing scabs in a man and the roughnesse of the nayles It taketh away the scurffe of Oxen. It is giuen in drinke to cure them that haue ache in their raines and with Pepper-wort it is profitable against
strange horne in Argentine which is coniectured to be the horne of some Vrus or rather as I thinke of some Bugill it hath hung there at the least two or three generations and by scraping it I found it to be a horne although I forgat to measure the compasse thereof yet bycause antiquity thought it worthy to be reserued in so honorable a place for a monument of some strange beast I haue also thought good to mention it in this discourse as when Phillip King of Macedon did with a Dart kill a Wilde Bull at the foote of the Mountaine Orbelus and conse cated the hornes thereof in the Temple of Hercules which were fifteene yards or paces long for posterity to behold The Picture of the Affrican Bugill described in the former page OF THE BVLL A Bull is the husband of a Cow and ring-leader of the heard for which cause Homer compareth Agamemnon the great Emperour of the Graecian Armye to a Bull reserued onely for procreation and is sometimes indifferently called an Oxe as Oxen are likewise of authors taken for Buls Verg Pingue solum primus extemplo mensibus anni fortes inueâ— tant houes The Haebrewes call him Tor or Taur which the Chaldes cal Abir for a strong Oxe so the Arabians Taâ—â— the Graecians Tauros the Latines Taurus the Itallians Toro the French Toreau the Germans ein Stier ein vuncherstier das vucher ein mummelstier ein hagen The true aetymology oâ— the name Taurus and ein hollen the Illirians Vul and iunecz by all which seuerall appellations it is euident that the name Taurus in Latine is not deriued from Tannouros the stretching out the tayle nor from Gauros signifieng proud but from the haebrew Tor which signifieth great vpon which occasion the Graecians called all large great and violent thinges by the name of Taurot and that word Taurus among the Latines hath giuen denomination to men starres Mountaines Ryuers trees ships and many other things which caused Ioachimus Camerarius to make thereof this aenigmaticall riddle A Riddle vp on the word Taurus Maechus eram regis sed lignea membra sequebar Et Cilicum mons sum sed mons sum nomine solo Et vehor in coelo sed in ipsis ambulo terris But there are foure reasons giuen why riuers are called Taurocrani that is bul-heads Reasons why riuers are called Taurocrani First because when they empty themselues into the Sea they roare or bellow like buls with the noise of their falling water secondly because they furrow the erth like a draught of oxen with a plow and much deeper Thirdly because the sweetest and deepest pasturs vnto which these cattell resort are neare the riuers Fourthly because by their crooking and winding they imitate the fashion of a horne and also are impetuous violent and vnresistable The strength of the head and necke of a bul is very great The strength and seuerall parte of Buls and his forehead seemeth to be made for fight hauing hornes short but strong and piked vppon which he can tosse into the aire very great and weighty beasts which he receiueth againe as they fall downe doubling their eleuation with renewed strength and rage vntill they be vtterly confounded Their strength in all the parts of their body is great and they vse to strike backward with their heeles yet is it reported by caelius Titormus a Neat-heard of Aetolia The prodigious streÌ„gth of tritormos that being in the field among the cattell tooke one of the most fierce and strongest buls in the heard by the hinder leg and there in despight of the bull striuing to the contrary held him with one hand vntill another bull came by him whome he likewise tooke in his other hande and so perforce held them both which thing being seene by Milo Crotoniates hee lifted vppe his handes to heauen crying out by way of interogation to Iupiter and sayinge O Iupiter hast thou sent another Hercules amongest vs Whereupon came the common prouerbe of a strong armed man This is another Hercules The like storie is reported by Suidas of Polydamas who first of all slew a Lyon and after held a bull by the legge so fast that the beast striuing to get out of his handes left the hoofe of his foote behinde him The Epithites of this beast are many among writers as when they call him brâ—â—â—n-footed wilde chearefull sharpe plower warriour horne-bearer blockish great glistering fierce valiant and louring which seemeth to be natural to this beast insomuch as the Grammarians deriue Toruitas grimnes or lowring from Taurus a Bul whose aspect carieth wrath and hatered in it wherfore it is proverbially saide in Westphalia of a lowring and scouling countenance The seuerall parts Eir sich al 's ein ochs der dem fleschouwer Entloffen ist That is he looketh like a bul escaped from one stroke of the butcher Their hornes are lesser but stronger then Oxen or kie for all beasts that are not gelded haue smaller hornes and thicker sculs then other but the buls of Scithia as is said else-where haue no horns Their heart is full of nerues or sinnewes their blood is ful of smal vaines for which cause he ingendreth with most speed and it hardneth quickly In the gal of a Bul there is a stone called Guers and in some places the gal is called Mammacur They are plentiful in most countries as is said in the discourse of Oxen Countries of their best breed but the best sort are in Epirus next in Thracia then Italy Syria England Macedonia Phrigia and Belgia for the buls of Gallia are impayred by labor and the buls of Aethiope are the Rhinocerotes as the buls of the woodes are Elephants Their time of copulatioÌ„ They desire the Cow at eight monthes olde but they are not able to fill her til they be two years old and they may remaine tolerable for breeders vntil they be 12. and not past Euery bul is sufficient for ten kie and the buls must not feed with the kie for 2. months before their leaping time and then let them come together without restraint and giue them pease Their food for procreation or barley if theyr pasture be not good The best time to suffer them with their females is the midst of the spring and if the bul be heauy take the taile of a hart and burne it to pouder then moâ—sten it in wine and rubbe therewith the genitals of a bul and he wil rise aboue measure into lust Wherefore if it bee more then tolerable it must be alayed with oyle The violence of a bul in the act of copulation is so great that if he misse the females genital entraunce Quintilius he woundeth or much harmeth her in any other place sending forth his seed without any motion except touching and a Cowe being filled by him hee wil neuer after leape her during the time she is with calfe wherefore the Egiptians decipher by a
cause they gathered together so many sticks of small woode as made the image of an Oxe artificially conioyned togither and so setting it on fire burned it for an offering whereuppon a Locrensian Oxe was an ironicall prouerbe for a sacrifice of no weight or merrite It is also reported that an Heyfer being brought to the altar of Minerua to be sacrificed did there Calue wherefore the Priests would not meddle with her but let her goe away free because Minerua was the goddesse of procreation holding it an impious thing to kill that in sacrifice which had broughte foorth a young one at the altar to conclude as Vegetius saith that on a time Iustice was so offended with men because they imbrewed euery altar with the bloud of Oxen and cattell that therefore she lefte the earth and retired back againe to dwell among the starres so will we in this discourse cease from any further prosecution of the morrall or natural description of these beasts leauing their lawfull vse to the necessity of mankinde and their abusiue idolatrous sacrifices to him that loueth all his creatures and will require at mans hand an account of the life and bloude of brute beastes OF THE CALFE The definition and name A Calfe is a young or late enixed Bull or Cow which is called in Ebrew Egel or Par and sometimes Ben-bakar the sonne of an Oxe Yet Rabbi Salomon and Abraham Esra expound Egel for a Calfe of one yeare old The Sarazens of that word call a Calfe Hesel The Grecians Moschos whereof is deriued Moscharios but at this day they call him Mouskari or Moschare The Italians Vitello the French Veau the Spaniardes Ternera of teneritudo The etymology of Vitulus signifying tendernesse and somtimes Bezeron and Vezerro the Germanes Ein Kalb the Flemmings Kalf and the Latines Vitulus of the old worde Vitulor signifying to be wanton for Calues are exceedingly giuen to sport and wantonnes or as other suppose from the greeke worde Italous came Vitulus and therefore the Latines doe not alway take Vitulus for a young or newe-foaled beaste but sometime for a Cow as Virgill Aeclog Ego hanc vitulam ne forte recuses Bis venit ad mulctram binos alit vbere fortus Depono And this word like the Greeke Moschos signifieth male and female whereunto by diuers authours both Greeke and Latine are added diuers epithites by way of explication both of the condition inclination and vse of this yong beast calling it wilde ripe for the temples vnarmed weake sucklings tender wandring vnhorned and such like The epithits of a Calfe And because the Poets faine that Io was turned into a Cow and that the violet hearb was assigned by Iupiter for her meate they deriue viola a violet from Vitula a Calfe by a kind of grecian imitation It is also certaine that the honour of this young beast hath giuen denomination to some men as Pomponius Vitulus and Vitulus Niger Turamius Varro Men named after calues and Vitellius was deriued from this stemme or theame although hee were an Emperour The like may be saide of Moschos in Greeke signifying a Calfe for there was one Moschus a Sophiste that dranke nothing but water and there was another Moschus a gramarian of Syrâ—â—use whome Athaeneus doeth recorde was a familiar of Aristarchus and also of another a poet of the Bucolickes and this serueth to shewe vs that the loue our auncestours bare vnto cattell appeered in taking vppon them their names and were not ashamed in those elder times wherein wisdome and inuention was most pregnable to glory in their heards from which they receiued maintenance But to the purpose that which is said of the seuerall parts of an Oxe and a Cowe belongeth also to a Calfe for their anatomy differeth not because they are conceiued and generated by them and in them and also their birth and other such thinges concerning that must be inquired in the discourse of a Cow A secret by the hoofe It is reported by an obscure authour that if the hoofe of a Calfe be not absolued or finished in the dammes belly before the time of caluing it will dye And also it must be obserued that the same diseases which doe infeste and harme an Oxe do also befall Calfes to their extreame perill but they are to be cured by the same forenamed remedies And aboue the residue these young beasts are trobled with wormes The diseases of a calfe which are ingendered by crudity but their cure is to keepe them fasting till they haue well disgested their meate and then take lupines halfe sod and halfe rawe beaten together The cure of wormes and let the iuice thereof be powred downe his throate otherwise take dry figges and fitches beaten together with Santonica called Lauender cotten and so put it downe the Calues throate as aforesaid To choose caluâ— for stor or else the fatte of a Calfe and marrube with the iuice of leekes will certainly kill these euels It is the manner to regard what Calues you will keepe and what you will make of and kill either for sacrifice as in ancient time or priuate vse and to marke and name those that are to be reserued for breed and labour according to these verses Post partum carain vitulos traducitur omnis Et quos aut pecori malint submittere habendo Continuoque notas nomina gentis inurunt Aut aris scruare sacris aut scindere terram Et campum horrente fractis inuertere glebis And all these things are to be perfourmed immediatly after their weaning and then in the next place you must regard to gelde the males which is to be perfourmed in Iune or as Magus saith in May or at the farthest let them not be aboue a yeare olde for else they will grow very deformed and small but if you libbe them after two yeares olde they will proue stubborne and intractable wherefore it is better to gelde them while they be yong ones which is to be perfourmed not with any knife or yron instrumente The libbing of calues because it will draw much bloud and in danger the beast thorough paine but rather with a clouen reed or sticke pressing it together by litle and litle but if it happen that one of a yeare or twoe yeares olde be to be libbed then you must vse a sharpe knife after you haue pressed the stones into the coddes and cut them out at one stroake and for stanching of the bloud Aristotle sotion varro let the cod and the ends of the vaines be seared with an hot iron and so the wound is cured as soone as it is made And now the time for the effecting hereof is best in the waine of the moone either in the spring or autumne but it is good to leaue as many of the vaines and nerues of the virile member vntouched and whole as may be that so he may not loose any condition of a male except the power of
Albertus and so oftentimes put it vpon the maime or if neither of these can be performed by the beast himselfe then cure it by casting vpon it the ashes of a dogs heade or burned salte mingled with liquid pitch powred therupon When a dog returning from hunting is hurt about the snowt Blondus by the venemous teeth of some wilde beast I haue seene it cured by making incision about the wound whereby the poysoned blood is euacuated and afterward the sore was annointed with oile of Saint Iohns wort Wood-worms cureth a dog bitten by serpents Plinyus When he is troubled with vlcers or rindes in his skin pieces of Pot-sheardes beaten to powder and mingled with vineger and Turpentine with the fat of a Goose or else waterwort with new Lard applyed to the sore easeth the same and if it swel anoint it with Butter For the drawing forth a thorne or splinter out of a Dogs foote take coltes-foote and Lard or the pouder there of burned in a new earthen pot and either of these applyed to the foot draweth forth the thorne and cureth the sore for by Dioscorides it is said to haue force to extract any point of a Speare out of the body of a man For the wormes which breede in the vlcers of their heeles take Vnguentum Egiptiacum and the iuice of peach leaues There are some very skilfull hunters which affirme that if you hang about the Dogs necke sticks of Citrine as the wood drieth so will the wormes come forth and dy Again for thâ—s euil they wash the wounds with water then rub it with pitch time and the dung of an Oxe in Vineger Tardinus afterward they apply vnto it the powder of Ellebor When a dog is troubled with the maungie itch or Ring-wormes first let him blood in his fore legs in the greatest veyne afterward make an ointment of Quick siluer Brimstone nettle-seed Albertus Rasis and twice so much olde sewet or Butter and therewithal all anoint him putting thereunto if you please decoction of Hops and salt water Some do wash maungy Dogs in the Sea-water and there is a caue in Sicily saith Gratius that hath this force against the scabs of Dogs if they be brought thither and set in the running water which seemeth to be as thicke as oyle Flegme or melancholly doth often engender these euils and so after one Dog is infected all the residue that accompany or lodge with him are likewise poisoned for the auoyding thereof you must giue them Fumitory Sorrel and whay sod together it is good also to wash them in the sea or in Smiths-water or in the decoction aforesaid For the taking awaie of warts from the feet of Dogs or other members first rub and friccase the wart violently and afterward anoint it with salt Oyle Vineger and the powder of the rind of a Gourd or else lay vnto it Alloes beaten with mustard-seed to eat it off and afterward lay vnto it the little scories or iron chips which flie off from the Smithes hotte iron while he beateth it mingled with Vineger and it shall perfectly remooue them Against Tikes Lyce and Fleas annoint the Dogs with bitter Almonds Staues acre or Roots of Maple or Cipers or froth of Oile and if it be old and annoint also their ears with Salt-water and bitter Almondes then shall not the flies in the Summer time enter into them If Bees or Waspes or such Beasts sting a Dogge lay to the sore burned Rue with Water and if a greater Fly as the Hornet let the Water be warmed A Dog shall be neuer infected with the Plague if you put into his mouth in the time of any common pestilence Blondus the powder of a Storks craw or Ventrickle or any part thereof with Water which thing ought to be regarded for no creature is so soone infected with the plague as is a Dogge and a Mule and therefore they must either at the beginning receiue medicine or else bee remooued out of the ayre according to the aduise of Gratius Sed varij mitus nec in omnibus vna potestes Disce vices quae tutela est proxima tenta Woolfe-wort Pliny and Apocynon whose leaues are like the leaues of Iuye and smell strongly will kill all Beasts which are littered blind as Wolues Foxes Beares and Dogs if they eat thereof So likewise will the root of Chamaeleon and Mezereon in water and oyle it killeth Mice Discorides Swine and Dogs Ellebor and Squilla and Faba Lupina haue the same operation There is a Gourd called Zinziber of the Water because the tast thereof is like to Ginger the Flower Fruite and Leafe thereof killeth Asses Mules Dogs and manie other Foure-footed beastes The nuts Vomicae are poison to Dogges except their care be cut presently and made to bleed It will cause them to leape strangely vp and downe and kill him within two houres after the tasting if it be not preuented by the former remedy Theophrastus Chrysippus affirmeth that the water wherein Sperrage beene sodde giuen to Dogges killeth them the fume of Siluer or Leade hath the same opperation If a Dog grow lean and not through want of meat Albertus it is good to fill him twice or thrice with Butter and if that doe not recouer him then it is a signe that the worme vnder his tongue annoieth him which must be presently pulled out by some Naule or Needle if that satisfie not he cannot liue but will in short time perish And it is to be noted that Oaten bread leauened will make a sluggish dog to become lusty agile and full of spirit Blondus Dogs are also many times bewitched by the onely sight of inchaunters euen as infants Lambes and other creatures according to Virgils verse Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos For bewitching spirit entereth by the eie into the hart of the party bewitched for remedy whereof they hang about the necke a chaine of Corrall as for holy hearbs I hold them vnprofitable To cure the watry eyes of Dogs take warme water and first wash them therewith and then make a plaister of meale and the white of an Egge and so lay it thereunto By reason of that saying Eccles 20. cap. Bribes and gifts blind the eies of Iudges Vnicentius euen as a dumbe dog turneth away Correction Some haue deliuered that greene Crow-foote forced into the mouth of a Dog maketh him dumbe and not able to barke When a Dog becommeth deafe the oile of Roses with new pressed wine infused into his eares cureth him and for the wormes in the eares make a plaister of a beaten spunge and the white of an Egge Tardinus and that shall cure it The third kind of Quinancy called Synanche killeth Dogs Pollux Niphus because it bloweth vppe their chaps and includeth their breath The cough is very noisome to Dogs wherefore their keepers must infuse into their Nostrils two cuppes of wine with brused sweete Almonds
watery or sweating whole-footed and many such others both among the Greekes and Latines which howsoeuer they may containe diuers Alegories in them and therefore may seeme to be figuratiuely set downe yet I thought good being of other opinion to reckon them heere in the beginning that so the reader may consider that I would be vnwilling to omit any thing in this story which might any way tend to the dignity of the subiect we intreat of or the expressing of his nature Wherefore wee will firste of all beginne with the description of the naturall partes of a good Horsse The haire of a horsse falleth off euery yeare the neather eye lid or browe hath no long haires growing vpon it and therefore Nicon that famous painter of Greece when hee had most curiously limbed forth a horsses perfection faild in no part of nature or art The naturall outward and inward parts of Horsses but onely in placing haires vnder his eie for that onely fault hâ—e receiued a disgracefull blame The haire of the manes ought to be long that part which groweth betwixt the eares vpon the Temples hanging downe betwixt the eyes the Graecians tearme Procomion the Latines Caprona and in English it may be called a fore-top which is graunted to horsses not onely for ornament sake but also for necessitie to defend their eies Aelianus The horsses are naturally proud of these lockes and manes as may appear by those mares which are kept for procreation of mules by copulation with Asses which at the first despise to ingender with those shaueling and short haired Stallions Wherefore their keepers shaue off their manes and their fore-tops afterwards leading them to the waters wherein while the Mares behold their owne deformity they grow so shamed deiected and discouraged that euer after they admit with quietnesse the Asses to couer them Therefore it is neuer good to cut the mane or the fetter-lockes except necessity require for the mane and fore-top is an ornament to the Necke and head and the fetter lockes to the Legges and feete and he that keepeth horsses must as well regard to haue them comely for outward grace as stronge and able for necessary labour Many vse to cut the Neckes of their riding Horsses euen as they doe of their drawing Horsses which thing although it may seeme to be done for greater encrease and farther groweth of haire yet is it vnseemely for an honest rider some againe cut it to stand compasse like a bow and many vse the Armenian fashion cutting the mane by rowes leauing some longer then other as it were the batlements of a Church but the best fashion of all is the Persian cut whereby the one halfe of the thicknesse is cut away on the left side and the other on the right side smoothly turned ouer and combed according to the saying of Virgill Densa iuba dextro iactata recumbit in armo But if the Horsse be double maned and so the haire fall halfe on the one side and halfe on the other then cut all the middle haires away and leaue both the sides whole for such was the inuention of the Parthians In a Coult or young foale the hinder part is hier then the fore part but as he grows in yeares so likewise the forepart groweth higher then the hinder This beast hath two bones in his head and other two discending from his forehead to the Nostrils two inferior Gumbes or Cheeke-bones forty teeth that is to say foure and twenty grynders foure canyne and twelue biting teeth there are seauen crosse ribbes in his Necke and seuen from his raines to his hole his taile hath twelue commisures and two Ragulae in his fore-shoulders from his shoulders to his Legges other two from his Legges to his knees two moe in his knees there are twoo supporters and from the shin to the Articles two mo there are sixteene small bones in the bottome of his hoofe and but one in his brest in the inward parts there are six and twenty ribs from the hinder parts to the top of his reynes Veâ—etius the two grinding bones and from them to the hinder part of the head there are two moe and two little ribbes from the vpper part of the thigh to the Gamba and from thence to the haire of the pasternes there are two and the little ones to the hooues sixteene so all the bones in number are accounted a hundred and seuenty Now it followeth to declare the measure and number of the members there are twelue steps or degrees in the roofe of his mouth his tongue is halfe a foot long the vpper lip hath twelue ounces the vnder lip fiue euery one of the cheeks ten from the fore-locke to the Nostrils he hath one foot in length his two eares containe six ounces and his eies foure ounces a peece From his fore-locke to the Mercurius there are contained 8. ynches the backbone containeth three and thirty crosse ribs From the conuulsial of the reines to the top of the taile are twelue commissures the length of his Sagula containeth also twelue ounces from his shoulders to his legges six from his legs to his knees a foote in length from the Articles to the hooues foure ounces in his whole length sixe feete And this is the stature of a couragious and middle horsse for I know there are both bigger and lesser The quality and the measure of the nerues of sinnewes is this from the middle nostrils through the heade necke and backe bone is a dubble file or thred to the toppe of the taile which contayneth twelue foot in length The two broad sinnews in the necke do containe foure-foot from the shoulders to the knees there are two sinnewes from the knee to the bottome of the foot there are foure sinnewes in the fore-legs there are ten sinnews in the hinder legges there are other ten sinnewes from the reynes to the stones there are foure sinnewes so the whole number of them amounteth to thirty foure Consequently the number of the vaines is to be declared In the pallet or roofe of the mouth there are two vaines vnder the eies other two in the brest other two and in the legges other two foure vnder the pastrones two in the ancles foure in the crowne of the pastrones foure out of the thighes two out of the loines two out of the Gambaes one out of the tayle and two in the wombe or Matrix so the whole number is nine and twenty There are certaine vaines aboue the eies which are diuided in horsses wherin they are let blood by making to them small incisions the blood also is taken out of the vaines in the pallet or roofe of the mouth There was an auncient custome of letting horsses blood vpon Saint Steuens day by reason of many holy daies one succeeding another but that custome is now growne out of vse Also some take blood out of the Matrixe vaines but that is not to be admitted in geldings because
the Lamya heereafter to be declared hath the feete of a Horsse but in other things the members of a Goat and thus much for the seuerall kinds of Horsses both for them that are properly so called and also for any other which like bastards retaine any resemblance of nature with this Noble and profitable kind of beast Of the diet of Horsses and their length of life HAuing thus discoursed of the kinds of horsses and their seueral accidents and vses both for War and peace pleasure and necessity now likewise it followeth that we should proceed to their dyet and manner of feeding wherein wee are first of all to consider that the naturall constitution of a Horsse is whot and temperate Whot because of his Leuity Russius and Velocity and length of life temperate because he is docible pleasant and gentle towardes his maister and keeper He therefore that will keepe Horsses must prouide for them aboundance of meate for all other cattell may be pinched without any great danger only horses can endure no penury Varro saith that in feeding of Horsses we must consider three things first of all what foode the country wherein wee liue doth yeald secondly when it must be giuen thirdly by whom but specially the place of feeding Horsses is to be considered for although Goates can liue in the Mountaines better then in the greene fields yet Horsses liue better in the greene fieldes then they can in the Mountaines For which cause when we chuse pasture for horsses we must see that it be fat such as groweth in meddowes that in the winter time it may be sunny in the summer it may be open and cold neither so soft vnder foot but that the Horsses hoofes may feele some hardnesse for horses Mules and Asses do loue wel greene grasse and fruits yet principally they grow fat with drinking When they are in the stables let them haue dry hay Palladius A Mare when shee hath foaled giue herbarly and generally at all times in the Winter season Bullimung or a mixture of al kinds of graine is fit for them in the house according to these verses of Nemetian Inde vbi pubentes calamos durauerit aestas Lactentesque vrens herbas siccauerit omnem Mensibus humorem culmisque armarit aristas Ordea tum paleasque leues praebere memento Puluere quin etiam puras secernere fruges Cura sit atque toros manibus percurrere equorum Gaudeat vt plausu sonipes letumque relaxet Corpus altores rapiat per viscera succos Id curent famuli comitumque animosa iuuentus We haue shewed already that they must haue straw or litter to lie vpon and Pollux doth set downe the kinds of meates for Horsses as Barly Hay or French wheat rise and hay for hard and dry meat is fittest for Horsses because it doth not fill them with wind but al green meat is the lesse aproued by reason of inflamation Three-leaud-grasse is also good for horsses especially if they be young for chaffe hay grasse and Oats are their natural and pleasing foode and although grasse be moist yet in the young age of a Horsse he delights in moist meates for they stretch out his belly and encrease his growth but when he is elder then ought he to be nourished with dryer foode as chaffe barly Oates and such things For although chaffe by reason of their drynes make not a Horsse fat yet doe they preserue him in perfect strength for al hard things which are disolued with difficulty do retaine their force of nutriment longer but softer meats do not so therefore the best diet or habitude for Horsses is to retaine the meane betwixt fatnesse and leannes For fatnesse ministreth many humors to the nourishment of sicknesse and leannesse diminisheth naturall strength maketh the body deformed In some countries they giue their horsses vine branches in the Autumne to moue their bellies and increase their strength The hearb Medica which aboundeth in Media is very nourishable to Horsses but the first stalkes are refused saith Aristotle the residue being watered with stincking Water Mathaeolus Dioscorides is most commodious In Italy they fat their horsses with Trifoley in Calabria with Sulla or Arthritica and the Thrasians neare the Riuer Strymon with a greene Thistle In the spring time giue your younger Horsses Bullimung for many daies together for that will not onely make them fat but also purge their bellies for this purgation is most necessary for Horsses which is called soyling and ought to continue ten daies together without any other meat giuing them the eleuenth day a little Barly and so forward to the fourteeneth after which day continue them in that diet ten daies longer and then bring them forth to exercise a little and when as they sweat annoint them with Oyle and if the weather bee colde keepe a fire in the stable And you must remember when the Horsse beginneth to purge that he be kept from Barley and drinke and giue him greene meat or Bullimumg wherof that is best that groweth neare the Sea side But if the Horsse goe to soile in Aprill after fiue daies bring him forth and wash him all ouer with Water then wiping his haire from all wet and filth and loose haires poure vpon him Wine and Oyle pressing it smooth vppon his backe downe to his skinne so let him be wiped all ouer againe and carried into the stable to be dieted with Masline or Bullimung as before except he be troubled with the Glaunders and then he must not feed on it in the daye time least through the heate of the Sunne he fall into the Mange or into madnesse It is also requisite that while we feede our Horsses with green Corne they be let blood in the vaines of the breast and also cutte in the roofe of their mouths that so those places being emptied which were stuffed with corruption the vacuety may be replenished with better blood a Horsse thus dieted shall not onely liue in more health and free from sicknesse but also be more stronge to vndergoe his labour With the blood that commeth out of him mingled with Niter Vineger and Oyle you shall annoint him all ouer if so be he bee subiect to the Glaunders or to the Mange and then keepe him in the stable fiue daies together suffering no curri-combe to come vpon him vntill the sixt day feeding him in the meane time with greene Corne or Bullimung and then bring him forth againe washing him al ouer with water and rubbing him with a hard whisp vntill the humor or moistures be wholy wiped off and he fed as before fourteene daies together If you please not to keep him in the stable then in the spring time turne him out in some meddow or greene pasture and there let him feed at his owne pleasure for it hath bin often proued that such a dyet hath recouered many sicke Horsses It is reported of the Horotae and Gedrusij and men of Freeseland the Macedonians
and Lydians doe feede their Horsses with fishes Likewise the Paeonians which inhabit about Prasius neare the Mountaine Orbelus doe feede their Horsses and all cattell which they yoake with fishes Concerning the drinke of Horsses we haue spoken elswhere and therefore we shal not need to say anything of it heere except that the drinking much and the horsse thrusting his head in deepe into the troubled water is an vnfalible signe of his goodnesse and the custome of some is for to giue their horsses mashes made of water and corne sod together or else Beare Ale or Wine by drinking whereof they encrease their spirits and stomach Albertus saith that some to make their Horsses fat take Snailes and beate them in pieces so putting them into their meates whereby they grow to a false fatnesse which is easily disolued By eating of blacke Hellibor Oxen Horsses and Swine are killed and thus much for the foode of Horsse Concerning the voice of Horsses the Latines call him Hinnitum and the Graecians Phruma and Phrumatesta but this is certaine that from their very foaling the females haue a shrill and sharper voice then the males which is fuller and broader vntill they be two yeare old and after copulation their voice encreaseth so continuing vntill they bee twenty yeare olde after which time it falleth and decreaseth againe The length of a Horsses life according to Aristotle is eighteen or twenty yeares and if they bee well it ended and regarded in their youth It hath been found that some haue liued vnto fiue and twenty The time of theyr life or thirty year old The femals liue longer then the males because of their generation for the immoderate lust of Horsses shortneth their daies And it hath beene found that a Mare hath liued to forty or fifty yeares and a Horsse to three and thirty wherefore I do leaue the relation of Pliny and Atheneus to be censured by the Reader who affirme that horsses in their time liued threescore or seauenty yeares Albertus also affirmeth that a Souldiour told him for a certaine truth that he knew a horsse which liued till he was three score yeares olde and at that age did seruice in the field And August Niphus also affirmeth that the Riders of Ferdinand the first told him there was a horsse in their maisters stable of seuenty yeare old The age of a horsse may be known by his teeth and the Persian Bohemian Epirian Sycilian horsses liue longer then the Spanish or Numidian In their years the female neuer groweth after fiue nor the male after 6. in height or length so as the male are soner perfited in the womb then the femals on the contrary the females do sooner grow to their perfection after their foalling then the males The males haue more teeth then the females and in each sex they which haue fewest teeth liue not so long and in their old age their teeth grow white Now their age is discerned by their teeth on this manner the first foure that is two aboue and two beneath be changed after they be thirty yeare olde and a yeare after the foure next are changed in like manner againe after another yeare foure more are chaunged so that after foure yeare and six months he looseth no teeth except the canine which commeth again in the fift and sixt yeare so that afterwards their age cannot be diserned because in the seauenth yeare they are al filled An other vnfained note of their age is the hollownesse of their temples and their eye-lids beginning to wax gray and their teeth hanging out of their mouths They also haue litle blackes in the middle of their teeth Some trye the age of their horsses as a wise and learned man writeth by considering twelue teeth sixe aboue and six beneath for the old horsses haue longer and thinner teeth which are black at the top and there are certaine broaches or wrinckles in their teeth which being filled the marke is said to be out of their mouth Some try the age of their horsses by their cheekes for they pull vp the skin from the bones and if it will quickly fal backe againe into his former place they take it for an assured token of the horsses youth but if if it stande out and fal slowly downe then on the contrary they iudge the horsse to be old and thus much for the age and dyet of horsses Of the vses of Horsse-flesh Mares milke and other parts TThere were certaine people in Scythia which were called Hippophagi because they liued vpon horsse-flesh such also were the Sarmatians and the Vandals likewise in Scythia the lesse neare Taurica Chersonnessus the people do not onelie eat the flesh of horsses but also their milk and make cheese thereof Athaeneus also affirmeth that the manner of the ancient Persians was vpon the feasts of their natiuities to rost an Oxe an Asse a Horsse and a Cammell whole and so set them before their guests Inlike sort they eat horse-flesh and Camels-flesh at Damascus and in Pollonia wilde horsses especiallye that part which groweth vnder the mane The Sarmatians make meat of Millet seed and mingle it with Mares milk or with blood taken out of the vaines of their legs wherewithall they make puddings Matâ—michou Pauâ—venetus and this is their chiefe food So likewise doe the Tartarians who hauing a horsse sicke cut off his vlcer or wound and so kil him and eat his flesh The Gothes also in the daies of Virgill did drinke the blood of horsses as appeareth by these verses Profuit incensos aestus auertere inter Ima fertre pedis salientem sanguine venam Bisaltae quo more solent acerque Gelonus Cumfugit in Rhodapem atque indeserta Getarum Et lac concretum cum sanguine potat equino The poets do also faine that Pelias the Sonne of Tirus and Neptune was educated by a Mare and Metabus brought vp his Daughter Camillus with Mares milke because she was borne wilde hee also bredde her among the bushes according to these verses Hic natamindumis interque horrentia lustra Armentalis equae lacte ferino Nutribat teneris immulgens vbera labris The Tartarians drinke Mares milke which they dresse like white wine and call it Churnis whereof Paulus Venetus rehearseth this story The king of Tartar saith he nourisheth aboue ten thousand milke white horsses and Mares and euery yeare vppon the eight and twenty day of August they obserue a solemn feast wherein the milk of these white mares is dressed and set forth in comely vessels Afterward the king taketh a bowle full thereof and poureth it on the ground rounde about him being so taught by his Magitians to offer sacrifice to the goddes of his country For they perswade him that the gods licke vp that milke spilt on the ground and afterwards the king drinketh vp the residew and besides him no body that day except it be of the kings lignage or of the country of Horiach for the people of
either simple or compound It is simple when one quality onlie doth abound or exceed too much as to be too hot or too cold it is compound as when manie qualities do exceed as when the body is too hot and too drie or too cold and too moist The second kind is called Mala constitutio that is to say an euil state or composition which is to be considered eyther by the shape number quantity or sight of the member or part euell affected or diseased The thirde kind is called Vnitatis solutio that is to saie the loosening or diuision of the vnitie which as it may chaunce diuerslie so it hath diuers names accordinglie for if such solution or diuision be in a bone then it is called a fracture if it be in anie fleshie part then it is called a wounde or vlcer in the vaines a rupture in the sinnews a conuulsion or crampe and in the skin an excoriation Againe of diseases some be called long and some sharpe and short called of the Latines Morbi accuti which be perillous and do quickly kill the body The long do tarrye longer by it Yet moreouer there is sicknes by it selfe and sicknes by consent Sicknesse by it selfe is that which being in some member hindereth the action thereof by it selfe Sicknesse by consent is deriued out of one member into another through the neighborhood and community that is betwixt them as the pain of the head which commeth from the stomacke Thus the learned Physitians which write of mans body do diuide sicknesse But Absirtus writing of horsse-leach craft saith of that sicknes or rather malady for so he termeth it vsing that worde as a generall name to all manner of diseases that be in a horsse there be foure kinds that is to say the moist malady the dry malady the malady of the ioynts and the malady betwixt the flesh and the skin The moist malady is that which we call the Glanders the dry maladie is an incurable consumption which some perhaps would call the mourning of the cheine but not rightly as shall well appeare vnto you heereafter The malady of the ioynts comprehendeth al griefes and sorances that be in the ioyntes And the malady betwixt the flesh and the skin is that which we call the scab vnto which foure kindes of maladies Vegetius addeth three others that is the Farcine the paine of the Reynes or Kidneys and the cankered Mangenesse most commonly called of the old writers the Leprosie and so maketh seauen kinds of maladies vnder which all other particular diseases are comprehended Againe Laurentius Russius vseth an other kind of diuision of sicknes Of horsses diseases saith he some be naturall and some accidentall The natural be those that do come either through the excesse or lacke of engendring seed or by error of nature in missorming the young or else by some defect of the damme or sire in that perhaps they be diseased within and haue their seed corrupted The accidentall diseases be those that come by chaunce as by surfetting of cold heat and such like thing But forasmuch as none of these writers doe follow their owne diuisions nor handle the partes thereof accordingly to auoide their confusion and to teach plainely I thought good and profitable therefore to vse this my owne diuision and order heere following First then of diseases some be inward and some be outward The inward be those that breede within the horsses bodie and are properly called maladies and diseases whereof some do ocupy al the wholebodie and some particular parts or members of the body Of those then that occupie all the body and not be accident to any priuate member I do first treat as of Agues of the Pestilence and such like and then of those that be incident to euery particluar member beginning at the head and so proceede orderly throughout all the members euen downe to the sole of the foot obseruing therein so nie as I can the selfe same order that Galen vseth in his booke De locis male affectis declaring first what manner of disease it is and how it is called in English and also in Italian because the Kings stable is neuer without Italian riders of whome our Ferrers haue borrowed many names as you shal perceiue heerafter Then the causes whereof it proceeds and the signes how to know it and finally the cure and diet belonging to the same and because I find not inward diseases enow to answeare euery part of the body I doe not let to enterlace them with outward diseases incident to those partes yea rather I leaue out no outwarde disease belonging to anie particular member and to the entent you maie the better know to what diseases or sorances euerie part or member of the horsses bodie is most commonly subiect And note by the way that I call those outward diseases that proceede not of any inwarde cause but of some outwarde cause as when a horsse is shouldered by meanes of some outward cause or his backe galled with the saddle or his sides spurgalled or his hooue cloid with a naile and such like which properly may be called sorances or griefes Thirdly I talke of those diseases as wel outward as inward that maie indifferently chance in anie part of the bdie as of Impostumes cankerous Vlcers Woundes Fistules Burninges Brousinges Breaking of bones and such like Fourthly because most diseases are healed either by letting of blood by taking vp of vains by purgation or els by cauterisation that is to say by giuing the fire I talke of those foure necessary things seuerally by themselues and finally I shew you the true order of paring and shooing all manner of hooues according as the diuersity of hooues require and to the intent you may the better vnderstand mee you haue the perfect shapes of all necessary shooes plainely set forth in figures before your eyes Thus much touching mine order which I haue hitherto obserued Now it is necessary to know that to euery disease or malady belongeth foure seuerall times that is to say the beginning the increasing the state and declination which times are diligently to be obserued of the Ferrer because they require diuers applying of medicine for that medicine which was meete to be vsed in the beginning of the disease perhaps is not to be vsed in the declination thereof and that which is requisite and very needefull to be applyed in the state or chiefest of the disease may be very dangerous to be vsed in the beginning And therefore the Ferrer ought to be a man of iudgement and able to discerne one time from another to the intent he may apply his medicines rightly Hither of causes and sicknesse in generall Now it is also meete that we speake in generall of signes whereby sicknesse is knowne Of the signes of sicknesse in generall â—â—undevile SIcknesse according to the learned Physitians is knowne foure manner of waies first by inseparable or substantiall accidents as by the shape
wel sodden and also mundified that is to say the huske pulled awaye like as when you blanch Almonds Of diuers sorts of Feuers according to Vigetius and first of that which continueth but one day THe Feauer of one day called by the Geeek name Ephemera or els by the Latin name Diaria chaunceth many times through the rashnesse and small discretion of the keeper or some other that letteth not to ride a horsse vnmeasurably either before or after watering whereby the horsse afterward in the stable entreth into an extreame heate and so falleth into his Feuer which you shall know partly by his waterish and bloodshotten eyes and partly by his short violent and hot breathing and panting Moreouer he will forsake his meate and his Legs wil wax stiffe and feeble The cure Let him haue rest all the next day following and be comforted with warme meate then let him be walked vp and downe saite and softly and so by little and little brought againe to his former estate Of the Feauer continuall THe Feuer continuall is that which continueth without intermission and is called in Italian by the Latine name Febris continua which springeth of some inflamation or extreame heate bredde in the principall members or inwarde partes about the heart which is knowne in this sort The Horsse doth not take his accustomed rest whereby his flesh dothfal away euery day more and more and sometime there doth appear hot inflamations in his flankes and aboue his withers The cure Purge his head by squirting into his Nostrils mans vrine or the Water of an Oxe that hath beene rested a certaine time to the intent such water may be the stronger and then giue him the drinke writen in the next Chapter Of the Feuer taken in the Autumne that is to say at the fall of the leafe IF a Horsse chance to get a Feauer at the fall of the leafe cause him immediatly to be let blood in the necke vaine and also in the third furrow of the roofe of his mouth and then giue him this drinke Take of Iermander foure ounces of Gum dragant and of dryed roses of each one ounce beat them all into fine powder and put them into a quart of Ale adding thereunto of Oyle oliue foure ounces and of Hony as much and giue it the Horsse lukewarme Of the Feuer in Summer season A Feuer taken in Summer season is much worse then in any other time and especially if it be taken in the Dogge daies for then the accidents be more furious Blundevile The signes be these his artires wil beate euidently and hee will shed his seede when he staleth and his going wil be vnorderly The cure Let him blood in a vaine that he hath in his hinder hanch about foure fingers beneath the fundament or if you cannot finde that vaine let him blood in the necke vaine toward the withers and if it be needefull you may giue him also this drinke Take the iuyce of a handfull of Parslein mingled with Gum dragant with Ensens and a fewe Damaske roses beaten all into fine powder and then put thereunto a sufficient quantity of ale made sweete with Hony Of the Feuer in winter FOr the Feauer in Winter it shall be good to take the powder of the drugs last mentioned and with a quill or reede to blowe it vp into his left Nostrill to make him to neese It shall be good also to let him bloode in the necke vaine Blundevile and in the palat of the mouth and then to giue him one of these drinkes heere following Take of Ireos sixe ounces of round Pepper one ounce of Bay-berries and of the seede of Smallage of each one ounce and let him drinke them with sodden Wine Or else take a pint of good Milke and put therein of Oyle foure ounces of Saffron one scruple of Myrrhe two scruples of the seede of Smallage a spoonefull and make him drinke that or make him this drinke Take of Aristoloch otherwise called round Hartwoâ—t one ounce of Gention of Isop of Wormwoode of Sothernwood of each one ounce of dry fat Figs sixe ounces of the seede of Smallage three ounces of Rue a handfull boile them all in a cleane vessell with Riuer Water vntill the third part be consumed and when you see it looke blacke and thicke take it from the fire straine it and giue the Horsse to drinke thereof lukewarme As touching his dyet let his water be alwaies lukewarme wherein would be put a little Wheat meale and remember to giue him no meate so long as his fit continueth And because in all Agues it is good to quicken the naturall heate of the Horsse by rubbing and fretting his body it shall not be amisse in some faire day to vse this friction called of the ancient writers Apotorapie which is made in this sort Take of Damaske Roses one pound of olde Oyle a pinte of strong vineger a pinte and a halfe of Mintes and Rue beaten into powder of each one ounce and a halfe together with one olde dry Nut beate them and mingle them together then being strained and made lukwarme rub and chafeal the horses body therewith against the haire vntill he beginneth to sweate then set him vp in the warmest place of the stable and couer him well Of the Feuer which commeth of raw digestion or of repletion YOu shall know if the Feuer proceedeth of any such cause by these signes heere following The Horsse will blow at the nose more then hee is accustomed to doe seemeth to fetch his winde onely at his nose and his breath will bee short hot and dry you shall see his flanks walke and his backe to beate The cure Cause him to be let blood aboundantly in the head and palat of his mouth and by squirting warme vineger in the morning into his nostrils force him to neese and if hee bee costiue let his fundament be raked or else giue him a glister to ease the paine in his head And as touching his dyet giue him but little prouender or hay neither let him drink much nor often but betwixt times But in any wise let him be well rubbed and chafed and that a good while together and if you vse the friction declared in the last chapter before in such sort as there is said it shall do him very much good Of the Feuer accidentall comming of some vlcer in the mouth or throat THe Horsse not being well kept and gouerned after that he hath beene let blood in the vpper partes yea and also besides that of his owne nature is subiect vnto the distillation in his throate or partes there about the painefull swelling or vlcer wherof causeth the Horsse to fall into a grieuous Ague Whereof besides the former remedies apt to purge humors it shall be necessary also to let him bloode in the vaine of the head and in the palat of his mouth and to bee short in all those places where the disease causeth most griefe And if
somtime spred throughout al the vaines of the body and sometimes perhaps remaining only in the head or else in the spleene or places next adioyning The other mad Horsse was a Roane of Maisters Ashleies maister of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his maisters right forefinger in pieces whilest he offered him a little hay to eate whereby hee lost in a manner the vse of his whole hand to the great griefe of al his friends and also of al the muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweete musick as that his fine quauering hand could sometime make vpon diuers instrumentes but especially vpon the Virginals This Horsse I say though he could eat his meat drinke his drink and sleepe yet if hee were neuer so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himselfe by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoeuer he was ridden he was faine to be musled with a mussell of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his rider or himselfe which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madnes whereunto the Horsse was subiect by meanes that hotblood as I take it abounded ouermuch in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horsses madnesse you shal heare the opinion of old writers for Martin neuer tooke such cure in hand Absirtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madnesse of a Horsse commeth either by meanes of some extreame heat taken by traueling or long standing in the hot sun or else by eating ouer many fitches or by some hot bloode resorring to the pannicles of the brain or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaines or else by drinking of some very vnwholsome water The signes bee these he wil bite the manger and his owne body and run vpon euery man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his eares and stare with his eies and fome at the mouth and also as Hipocrates saith hee will forsake his meat and pine himselfe with hunger The cure Cause him to be let blood in his Legs aboundanly which is doone as I take it to diuert the bloode from his head Notwithstanding it were not amisse to let him blood in the Neck and brest vains Then giue him this drinke take the roots of wild Cowcumber and boile it in harsh red wine put thereunto a litle Nitre and giue it him with a horn lukwarm or if you can get no Cucumber then take Rue Mints and boile them in the wine It were not amisse also to adde thereunto a handfull of blacke Elleborus for that is a very good herbe against madnes Eumelius saith that if you giue him mans dung in wine to drink 3. mornings together it wil heale him also to take of black Elleborus 2. or 3. handfuls boile it in a sufficient quantity of strong vineger therwith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to al his body Some againe would haue the skin of his head to be pierced in diuers places with an hot iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuaile then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that wil heale him or else nothing As touching the diet and vsage of a mad Horsse the Authors doe not agree for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quiet house voyde from all noise which as Absirtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that daie that he is let blood and receiueth his drinke they would haue him fast vntill euen and then to haue a warme mash of Barly meale yea methinkes it were not amisse to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Another of the Head-ache Markham THe Head-ache as most are opynionated proceedeth of cold and rast digestion the cure is take a Goose feather annointed with Oyle de bay and thrust it vp into the horsses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it vnder the horsses nose so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and pricke him in the pallat of the mouth so as he may licke vp and chaw his own blood which done haue great care in keeping his head warme and doubt not his recouery Of the sleeping euill Blundevile THis is a disease forcing the beast continually to sleepe whether he wil or not taking his memory and appetite cleane away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of aboundance of flegme moistening the brain ouermuch It is easie to know it by the continuall sleeping of the Horsse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloode in the necke and then giue him this drinke Take of Camomile and Motherwort of each two or three handfuls and boile them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little wheat bran salt and vineger and let him drinke a pinte of that euery day the space of three or foure daies together It is good also to perfume and chafe his hed with Time Peniroyall sodden together in vineger or with Brimstone and feathers burned vpon a chafingdish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder vp into his nostrils yea and to annoint the palate of his mouth with Hony and Mustard mingled together and in his drinke which would be alwaies warme water to put Parsly seede and Fennell seede to prouoke vrine His Legs also would bee bathed and his hooues filled with wheat bran salt and vineger sodden togither and laid too so hot as hee may indure it and in any case suffer him not to sleepe but keepe him waking and stirring by continual crying vnto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot passe through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recouer Another of the sleeping euill Markham THe sleeping euil in a horsse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians cal the Lethargy in men for it prouoketh the horsse to sleep continually without disisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily knowne by his drowsinesse and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearefull noise or stripes perforce keepe him waking then let him bloode vnder the eies and in the necke and
then take a leafe or two of the best Tobacco which being dryed and beaten to powder with a quill blow it vp into his nostrils and giue him to drinke vineger salt and Mustard mingled well together to which if you put a little Honye it shall not be amisse and also when he drinketh any water put thereto either Fennel-seedes Anny-seedes or Pepper Of a Horsse that is taken A Horsse is said to be taken when he is depriued of his feeling and mouing Blundevile so as he is able to stir no manner of way but remaineth in such state and forme as he was taken in Which disease is called of the Physitians by the Greeke name Catalepsis and in Latine Deprehensio or Congelatio and of Vegetius Sideratio which also calleth those beasts that haue this disease Iâ—â—â—enta sideratitia The physitians say that it commeth of aboundance of Phlegme and choler mixt together or else of melancholy blood which is a cold dry humor opressing the hinder parts of the brain But Vegetius saith that it coms of some extreame outward cold striking sodainely into the empty vaines or some extreame heate or raw digestion or else of some great hunger caused by long fasting It is easie to knowe by the description before mentioned As touching the cure Vegetius saith that if it come of colde then it is good to giue him to drinke one ounce of Laserpitium with Wine and Oyle mixt together and made lukewarme if of heat then to giue it him with water and hony if of crudity then to heaâ—e him by fasting if of hunger then by feeding him well with Pease But Martin saith that this disease is called of the French-men Surprins and it commeth as he saith most chiefly of cold taken after a heat he wisheth a horsse that is thus taken to be cured in this sort First to be let blood on both sides of the breast and then to be put in a heat either by continuall stirring and molesting him or else if he wil stir by no meanes then to bury him all saue the head in a warme dunghil and ther to let him lie vntil his limbs haue some feeling And before you so bury him it shall be good to giue him this drinke Take of Malmsie three pints and put thereunto a quarterne of Suger and some Cinamon and Cloues and let him drinke it good and warme and vntill he be perfectly whole let him be kept warm and often exercised and walked vp and down in the stable and thinly dieted and drink nothing but warme water wherein if you put some Fennell and Parsly seed to prouoke him to vrine it shal be the better And if he cannot dung let him bee raked and haue a glister made of the broath of Mallowes and fresh Butter Another of a Horsse that is taken A Horsse which is bereft of his feeling moouing or stirring is said to be taken and in sooth so he is in that he is arrested by so vallainous a disease yet some Farriors Markham not wel vnderstanding the ground of the disease conster the word taken to bee striken by some Plannet or euill spirit which is false for it proceedeth of too great aboundance of fleme and choler simboliz'd together the cure is thus Let him blood in his spur vains and his breast vaines and then by foulding him in aboundant number of cloaths driue him into an extreame sweat during which time of his sweating let one chafe his legs with oyle de bay then after he hath sweat the space of two houres abate his cloaths moderatly and throughly after he is dry annoint him all ouer with Oyle Petrolium and in twice or thrice dressing him he wil be sound Of the Staggers THis is a dizzinesse of the head called in Latine vertigo and of the Italians as I remember Capistura It commeth of some corrupt bloode Blundevile or grosse and tough humors oppressing the brain from whence proceedeth a vaporous spirit dissolued by a weake heat which troubleth all the head The signes be these dimnesse of sight the reeling and staggering of the Horsse who for very pain wil thrust his head against the walles and forsake his meate The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood in the temple vaines and then with a knife make an hole an inch long ouerwart his forehead hard vnderneath his fore-top and raise the skinne with a Cornet thrusting it vpward towards the head-stale a good handfull and then put in a taint dipt in Turpentine and hogs greace molten together renewing the taint euery day once vntill it be whole and do the like vpon the ridge of the rumpe but methinkes it were better to do the like in the powle of his head or nape of his necke for so should the euil humors haue both waies the easier and speedier passage and as touching his dyet let him haue continually warme drinke and mashes and once a day be walked vp and downe faire and softly to exercise his body Of the Staggers THe Staggers is a dizy disease breeding frenzy in a Horsse which if it be not instantly helped Markham is mortall the cure is thus Let him blood in the temple vaines and then aply to his temples cloath in the iuyce of Garlike and Aqua vitae mixt together if you crush Garlike and put it in his eares it is excellent or if you slit his forehead and loosening the skin from the bone taint it with Turpentine and Sallet-oyle it will vndoubtedly help him Of the falling euill Blundevile THis is a kind of convulsion or crampe called of the Latins by the Greek name Epilepsia in Italian Il morbo caduco depriuing the beast at certaine times and for a certaine space of the vse of feeling hearing and seeing and of al the other senses And although it be a disease that hath bin seldome seene to chance vnto Horses of this Countrey yet it appeareth by Absirtus and also by Vegetius and diuers others that Horsses be subiect therunto For Absirtus writing to his friend Tiberius Claudius saith that vnto horses chanceth many times the falling sicknesse The signes whereof are these The Horsse will fall down suddenly partly through the resolution of his members and partly through distension of his sinnewes and al his body will quiuer and quake and somtime he wil fome at the mouth Vegetius againe writeth in this sort by a certain course of the Moone horses and other beasts many times do fal and die for a time as wel as men The signs wherof are these Being fallen their bodies will quiuer and quake and their mouths will fome and when a man would thinke that they would die out of hand they rise suddenly vp and fal to their meat And by feeling the gristle of their Nostrils with your finger you shall know whether they wil fal often or not for the more cold the gristle be the oftner and the lesse cold it be the seldomer they wil fal The cure
Let him bloode aboundantly in the necke vaines and within fiue daies after let him blood againe in the temple vaines and let him stand in a warme and darke stable and annoint al his body with comfortable ointments and his head and eares with Oyle of Bay and liquid Pitch or Tar mingled together And also put some therof into his eares and and then make a Biggen for him of some soft warm skin as of a sheepes skin or els of canuas stuffed vnderneath with woll and make him this purging drink Take of Radish roots two ounces of the root of the herb called in Latine Panax or Panaces and of Scammony of each one ounce beate al these things together and boile them in a quart of Hony and at sundry times as you shal see it needefull giue him a good spoonefull or two of this in a quart of Ale lukewarme whereunto would be put three or foure spoonefuls of oyle It is good also to blow the powder of Motherwort or of Pyrethrum vp into his nostrils and if the disease do continue stil for al this then it shal be needeful to pearse the skinne of his forehead in diuers places with a hot iron and to let out the humors oppressing his braine of the night Mare THis is a disease oppressing either man or beast in the night season when he sleepeth so as he cannot drawe his breath and is called of the Latines Incubus It commeth of a continual crudity or raw digestion of the stomach from whence grosse vapors ascending vp into the head do oppresse the braine and al the sensitiue powers so as they cannot do their office in giuing perfect feeling and mouing to the body And if this disease chancing often to a man be not cured in time it may perhaps grow to a worse mischiefe as to the faling euil madnesse or Apopelexy But I could neuer learne that Horses were subiect to this disease neither by relation nor yet by reading but only in an old English writer who sheweth neither cause nor signes how to know when a horsse hath it but onely teacheth how to cure it with a fond foolish charme which because it may perhaps make you gentle Reader to laugh as wel as it did me for recreation sake I will heere rehearse it Take a flint stone that hath a hole of his owne kinde and hang it ouer him and write in a bill In nomine patris c. Saint George our Ladies Knight He walked day so did he night Vntill he her found He her beate and he her bound Till truely her troath she him plight That she would not come within the night There as saint George our Ladies knight Named was three times saint George And hang this scripture ouer him and let him alone with such proper charmes as this is the false Friers in times past were wont to charme the mony out of plaine folks purses Of the Apoplexy THe Apoplexy is a disease depriuing all the whole body of sense and mouing And if it depriue but part of the body then it is called of the Latines by the Greeke name Paralysis in our tongue a palsie It proceedes of cold grosse and tough humors Blundevile oppressing the braine all at once which may breed partly of crudities and raw digestion and partly by meanes of some hurt in the head taken by a fall stripe or otherwise As touching Apoplexy few or none writing of horsleach-craft do make any mention thereof but of the Palsie Vegetius writeth in this manner A Horsse saith he may haue the palsie as wel as a man which is knowne by these signes He will go grouelling and sideling like a Crab carrying his necke awry as if it were broken and goeth crookedly with his legs beating his head against the wals and yet forsaketh not his meate nor drink and his prouender seemeth moist and wet The cure Let him blood in the temple vaine on the contrary side of the wrying of his necke and annoint his necke with comfortable ointment and splent it with splents of wood to make it stand right and let him stand in a warme stable and giue him such drinks as are recited in the next chapter following But if all this profiteth not then draw his necke with a hot yron on the contrary side that is to say on the whole side from the neather part of the eare downe to the shoulders and draw also a good long strike on his temple on that side and on the other temple make him a little star in this sort * and from his raines to his mid backe draw little lines in a manner of a ragged staffe and that will heale him Of the Crampe or convulsion of the sinnewes and Muscles A Conuulsion or crampe is a forceable and painefull contraction or drawing together of the sinnewes and Muscles which doe happen sometime through the whole body and sometime but in one part or member only And according as the body may be diuersely drawne so do the Physitians and also mine Authors that write of horse-leach craft giue it diuers names For if the body be drawne forward then they call it in Greeke Emprosthotonos in Latine Tensio ad anteriora And if the body be drawne backe it is called in Greeke Opisthotonos in Latine Tensio ad pesteriora But if the body be starke and straite bowing neither forward nor backward then it is called simply in Greeke Tetanos in Latine Distensio or Rigor which names also are applied to the like conuulsions of the necke Notwithstanding Vegetius writing of this diease inâ—ituleth his chapters de Roborosis a strange terme and not to be found againe in any other Aâ—thor A conuulsion as I said before may chance as well to one part or member of the body as to the whole body as to the eie to the skin of the forehead to the rootes of the toâ—gue to the iawes to the lips to the arme hand or Legge that is to say whensoeuer the sinnew or muscle seruing to the moouing of that part is euill affected or grieued Of which conuulsions though ther be many diuers causes yet Hippocrates bringeth them all into two that is to say into fulnesse and emptinesse for when a conuulsion proceedeth either of some inflamation of superfluous eating or drinking or for lacke of due purgation or of ouermuch rest and lacke of exercise all such causes are to be referred to repleâ—ion or fulnesse But if a conuulsion come by means of ouermuch purging or bleeding or much watching extreame labor long fasting or by wounding or pricking of the sinnewes then al such causes are to be referred vnto emptinesse And if the conuulsion proceede of fulnesse it chanceth suddenly and all at once but if of emptynesse then it commeth by little and little and leisurely Besides these kindes of conuulsions there is also chancing many times in a mans singers Legges and toes another kind of conuulsion which may bee called a windye conuulsion for that it proceedes of
and to cling to his ribs It is knowne by the leannesse of the horsse and gantnes of his bely and by fast sticking of the skin vnto the ribs when you pul at it with your hand The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides the bellie in the flanke vaines betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done giue him this drinke Take a quart of white Wine or els of good Ale and put thereunto three ounces of good sallet oyle of Cummin one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Licoras two ounces beaten al into fine powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath drunk let one standing at his huckle-bone rub him hard with his hand along the back and ouerthwart the ribbes the space of halfe an houre that done set him in a warme stable and let him stand in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and ribs with a sacke first thoroughly soked in a tub of cold water and then well and hard wroung and ouer that caste another cloath and girde it fast with a surcingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh straw continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during which time giue him no cold water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wet sacke wil cause the backe to gather heat it selfe and the skin to loosen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoint all his body with wine and oile mingled togither according to the opinion of the old writers which no doubt is a very comfortable thing and must needs supple the skinne and loosen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throat and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe Blundevile SOme perhaps would looke heere that for so much as I haue declared the diseases of the necke withers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hips But sith that svch griefes for the most part doth cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hip legge ioynt or foot I thinke it is not good to seperate those parts assunder specially sith nature hath ioyned them togither that is to say the shoulders to the forelegs and the hips to the hinder legges And therefore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed al the diseases that be in the inward horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throat lungs breast and hart but also vnder the midriffe as those of the stomacke liuer guts and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throat the Glaunders and Strangullion to al horses is most common Of the Glanders and Strangulion so called according to the Italian name Stranguiâ—lion MOst Ferrers do take the Glanders and Strangullion to bee all one disease but it is not so for the glanders is that which the Physitians call Tronsillae and the Strangullion is that which they call in Latine Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly call it in English the squinnancy or Qunzie Tronsillae is interpreted by them to be inflammations of the kirnels called in Latine Glandes the Italian Glandulae which lie on both sides of the throat vnderneath the roote of the toongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of which word Glandâ—â— or Glâ—ndulae I thinke we borrow this name glanders For when the horse is troubled with this disease hee hath great kirnels vnderneath his iawes easie to be seene or felt paining him so as he can not easily swallow down his meat which commeth first of cold distilation out of the head But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps goe away of themselues or else by laying a little hot horse-dung and strawe vnto them the warmth thereof wil dissolue them and make them to vanish away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but encrease and wax greater and greater and be more painful euery daie then other and cause the horsse to cast continually filthie matter at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First ripe the kirnels with this plaister Take of bran two handfuls or as much as will thicken a quart of wine or Ale then put thereunto halfe a pounde of hogges greace and boile them togither and lay it hot to the sore with a cloath renewing it euery day vntil it be ready to breake then lance it and let out al the matter and taint it with a taint of flax dipt in this salue Take of Turpentine of hogs greace of each like quantity and a little waxe and melt them togither and renew the taint euerie daie vntil it be whole Laurentius Russius saith that this disease is verie common to colts because in them doth abound flexible moisture apt to be dissolued with euerie little heat and to turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer young he would haue you first to let him bloode in the necke vaine and then to lay vnto the same sore a ripening playster made of Mallowes Linseeds Rew Wormwood ground Iuy Oile of Baies add Dialthea and to annoint his throat also and all the sore place with fresh butter and the sore being ripe to lance it or els to rowel it that the matter may come forth But the kernels wil not decrease then pul them away by the rootes and to dry vp the vlcerous place with an ointment made of vnslect lime Pepper Brimstone Nitrum and oile Oliue It shall be also good to purge his head by perfuming him euery day once in such sort as hath beene before declared And let the horsse be kept warm about the head and stand in a warme stable and let him drinke no cold water but if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnels the horsse doth not for all that leaue casting filthy matter at the nose then it is to be feared that hee hath some spice of the mourning of the Chine for both diseases proceed of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it heere presently But first I will set downe a drinke which I haue seene prooued vppon a horse that I thought could neuer haue bin recouered of the same disease and yet it did recouer him in very short space so as he trauelled immediately after many miles without the helpe of any other medicine A drinke for the Strangullion or Glaunders TAke of warm milk as it commeth from the Cow a quart or instead thereof a quart of new Beere or Ale warmed and put thereunto of moulten Butter the quantity of an Egge and then take one head of Garlicke Blundevile first clean pilled and then stamped smal which you
faire water vntil the barly begin to burst and boile therewith of bruised Licoras of Annis-seedes or Raisins of each one pound then straine it and to that liquor put of hony a pinte and a quarterne of Sugar candy and keepe it close in a pot to serue the horse therwith foure seuerall mornings and cast not away the sodden barly with the rest of the strainings but make it hot euery day to perfume the horse withal being put in a bag and tyed to his hed and if the horse will eat of it it shal do him the more good And this perfuming in winter season would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the Sun is of some height to the intent the horse may be walked abroad if the Sun shine to exercise him moderatly And vntill his cough weare away faile not to giue him warm water with a little ground mault And as his cough breaketh more and more so let his water euery be lesse warmed then other Of the dry cough THis seemeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing hard to the hollow places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind-pips so as the horse cannot easily draw his breath and if it continue it wil either grow to the pursick or else breake his wind altogether The signs be these He wil cough both often drily and also vehemently without voiding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen pot and put therein three pints of strong vineger and foure egs shels and all vnbroken and foure Garlike heads cleane pilled and bruised and set the pot being very close couered in some warme dunghill and there let it stand a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the egges which will be so soft as silke and lay them by vntill you haue strained the Garlike and Vineger through a faire cloath then put to that liquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugarcandy and two ounces of Lycoras and two ounces of Annis-seedes beaten al into fine powder And then the Horsse hauing fasted al the night before in the morning betwixt seuen and eight of the clocke open his mouth with a cord and whorle therein one of the egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediately poure in after it a horneful of the aforesaide drinke being first made lukewarme and cast in another egge with another horne full af drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vp all the egges and drunke vp all the drinke and then bridle him and couer him with warmer cloathes then he had before and bring him into the stable and ther let him stand on the bit at the bare rack wel littered vp to the belly the space of two houres Then vnbit him and if it be in winter offer him a handfull of wheaten straw if in summer giue him grasse and let him eat no hay Blundevilâ— vnlesse it be very wel dusted and sprinkled with water and giue him not much thereof And therefore you shal need to giue him the more prouender which also most be wel clensed of al filth and dust and giue him no water the space of 9. daies And if you perceiue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in winter purge him with these pilles Take of lard two pound laid in water two houres then take nothing but the cleane fat thereof and stamp it in a morter and thereto put of Licoras of Annis-seeds of Fenegreeke of each beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agerick one ounce Knead these together like paast and make thereof six bals as big as an egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer night giue him the next morning these pilles one after another anointed with hony and oile mingled together in a platter and to the intent he may swallow them down whether he wil or not when you haue opened his mouth catch hold of his tong and hold it fast while you whirle in one of the pilâ— that done thrust it into his throat with a roling-pin then let his tongue go vntill he hath swallowed it downe then giue him in like manner all the rest of the pilles and let him stand on the bit warme cloathed and littered the space of three houres at the least and after that giue him a little wet hay and warme water with a little ground mault in it to drinke and let him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weeke And now and then in a faire sunny day it shall be good to trot him one houre abroad to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs THis proceedeth as Absirtus and Theomnestus saith either of an extreame cough or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greedy drinking after great thirst for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin filme or skin and therefore easie to be broken which if it be not cured in time doth grow to apostumation and to corruption oppressing all the lungs which of old Authors is called Vomica and Suppâ—ratio But Theomnestus saith that broken lungs and rotten lungs be two diuers diseases and haue diuers signes and diuers cures The signes of broken lungs be these The Horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his head often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afraid to cough and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a friends horse of his whose lunges were fretized or rather broken as he saith by continual eating salt with this manner of cure here following Let the Horsse haue quiet and rest and then let him blood in the hanches where the vaines appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen daies barly or rather Otes sodden in Goates milke or if you can get no milke boile it in water and put therein some thicke collops of larde and of Deeres sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in summer time the decoction of barly and this as he sayth wil binde his lungs againe together Vegetius vtterly disalloweth letting of blood in any such disease as this is all maner of sharp medicynes for feare of prouoking the cough by means wherof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neither his medicines nor meat would be harsh but smooth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be giuen him at all times is this take of Fenegreeke and of Linceede of each halfe a pound of Gum dragagant of Mastick of Myrrhe of Sugar of Fitch flower of each one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fine powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme Water and the next day giue him a quarte of this lukewarme putting thereunto two or three ounces of
if the weather be foule and by thus vsing him you shal quickly recouer him Of the hungry euill THis is a verie great desire to eat following some great emptinesse or lacke of meate and it is called of the olde Authorus by the Greeke name Bulimos which is as much to say as a great hunger proceeding as the Physitians say at the first of some extreame outward cold taken by long trauelling in cold barren places and especially where snow aboundeth which outward cold causeth the stomacke to be cold and the inward powers to be feeble The cure according to Absyrtus and Hierocles is in the beginning to comfort the horses stomacke by giuing him bread sopt in wine And if you be in a place of rest to giue him wheat flower and wine to drinke or to make him cakes or bals of flower and wine kneaded togither and to feed him with that or with wine and nuttes of pine trees Hierocles saith if any such thing chaunce by the way whereas no flower is to be had then it shall be best to giue him wine and earth wrought togither either to drinke or else to eate in bals Of the disease in the liuer ALl the olde Authors speake much of the paine in the liuer but none of them do declare whereof it commeth or by what meanes sauing that Hippocrates saith that some horses get it by violent running vpon some stony or hard ground I for my part thinke that the liuer of a horse is subiect to as many diseases as the liuer of a man and therefore may be pained diuersly As sometime by the intemperatnesse of the same as for that it is perhaps too hot or too cold too moist or too dry sometimes by meanes of euill humors as choler or flegme abounding in the same according as the liuer is eyther hot or cold for heat breedeth choler and cold flegme by means of which intemperature proceedeth all the weakenes of the liuer It may be pained also sometime by obstruction and stopping and sometime by hard knobs inflammation Apostume or vlcer bred therein sometime by consumption of the substance thereof The signes of heate and hot humors be these loathing of meat great thirst and loosenes of belly voiding dung of strong sent and leannesse of body The signes of cold and cold humors be these appetite to meat without thirst a belly neither continually loose nor stiptike but betweene times no strong sent of dung nor leannesse of body by which kind of signes both firste and last mentioned and such like the weakenesse greefe of the liuer is also to bee learned and sought out Obstruction or stopping most commonly chanceth by trauelling or laboring vpon a full stomacke whereby the meat not being perfectly digested breedeth grosse and tough humours which humours by vehemency of the labour are also driuen violently into the small vaines whereby the liuer should receiue good nutriment and so breedeth obstruction and stopping The signes whereof in mans body is heauinesse and distension or swelling with some griefe in the right side vnder the short ribs and especially when he laboureth imediately after meat which things I beleeue if it were diligently obserued were easie enough to find in a horse by his heauie going at his setting forth and often turning his head to the side greeued Of an olde obstruction and especially if the humors be cholericke breedeth many times a harde knob on the liuer called of the Physitians Schirrus which in mans body may be felt if the body bee not ouer fat and it is more easie for him to lie on the right side than on the lefte because that lying on the left side the weight of the knob would oppresse the stomacke and vitall partes verye sore by which signes methinkes a dilligent Ferrer may learne whether a horse hath any such disease or not The inflammation of the liuer commeth by meanes that the blood either through the abundance thinnesse boiling heat or sharpenes thereof or else through the violence of some outwarde cause breaketh out of the vaines and floweth into the bodie of the liuer and there being out of his proper vessels doth immediatly putrifie and is inflamed and therewith corrupteth so much fleshie substaunce of the liuer as is imbrewed withall and therefore for the most part the hollow side of the liuer is consumed yea and sometime the full side This hotte bloody matter then is properlie called an inflammation which by naturall heate is afterwarde turned into a plaine corruption and then it is called an Impostume which if it breake out and run then it is called an Vlcer or filthie sore Thus you see of one euill Fountaine may spring diuers greefs requiring diuers cures And thogh none of mine Authours nor anie other Ferrer that I know haue waded thus farre yet I thought good by writing thus much Blundevile to giue such Ferrers as be wise discreet and diligent occasion to seeke for more knowledge and vnderstanding than is taught them and methinkes that it is a great shame that the Ferrers of this age should not know much more than the Ferrers of old time sith that besides that the olde mens knowledge is not hidden from them they haue also their own experience and time also bringeth euery day new things to light But now to proceede in discoursing of the liuer according to the Physitians doctrine as I haue begunne I say then of an inflammation in the hollowe side of the liuer the signes be these loathing of meat great thirst loosenes of belly easie lyeng on the right side and paineful lyeng on the left But if the inflammation be on the full side or swelling side of the liuer then the patient is trobled with difficulty of breathing with a dry cough and greeuous paine pulling and twitching the wind-pipe and to lie vpon the right side is more painful than the left and the swelling may be felt with a mans hande But you must vnderstand by the way that al these things last mentioned be the signes of some great inflammation for smal inflammations haue no such signes but are to be iudged onely by griefe vnder the short ribs and fetching of the breath The signes of Apostumation is paineful and great heate The signes of Vlcerations is decrease of the heat with feeblenes and fainting For the filthy matter flowing abroad with euil vapours corrupteth the heart and many times causeth death The signes of the consumption of the liuer shal bee declared in the next chapter and as for the curing of al other diseases before mentioned experience must first teach it ere I can write it Notwithstanding I cannot thinke but that such things as are good to heale the like diseases in mans body are also good for a horse for his liuer is like in substaunce and shape to a mans liuer differing in nothing but onely in greatnesse And therefore I would wish you to learne at the Physitians hands who I am sure first as touching
good to write thus much thinking it no time lost while I may profit them anie way Of the diseases in the Spleene THe Splene as I haue said before in many places is the receptacle of melancholy and of the dregs of blood and is subiect to the like diseases that the liuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction hard knobs and inflamation for the substance of the splene is spongeous and there sort apt to sucke in al filth and to dilate it selfe wherefore being ful it must needs swel which wil appeare in the left side vnder the short ribs and such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and especially when the body doth labour or trauel It is painful also to lie on the right side because the splene being swollen so oppresseth the midriffe and especially when the stomacke is ful of meat and the patient hath worse disgestion than appetite and is troubled with much winde both vpwarde and downeward Moreouer the vapor of the humor doth offend the hart making it faint and causeth al the body to be heauy and dul and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a melancholy humor and abounding ouer-much it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaines and artires which is to be perceiued by heauinesse and greefe on the left side but also in the splene it self whereas by vertue of the heat it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a hard knob which doth not only occupy al the substance of the splene but also many times al the left side of the wombe and thereby maketh the euil accidents or griefes before recited much more than they were Now as touching the inflammation of the splene which chaunceth very sildome for so much as euery inflammation proceedeth of pure blood which sildome entereth into the splene I shal not need to make many words but refer you ouer to the chapter of the Liuer for in such case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also like signes and do require like cure The old writers say that horses be often greeued with griefe in the splene and specially in Summer season with greedy eating of sweet green meats and they cal those horses Lienosos that is to say splenetike The signes whereof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and greedy appetite to meat The remedie whereof according to Absirtus is to make a horse to sweat once a day during a certaine time by riding him or otherwise trauelling him and to poure into his left nostril euery day the iuyce of mirabolans mingled with wine and water amounting in alto the quantity of a pint But methinks it would do him more good if he drank it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius praiseth this drinke take of Cummin seed and of hony of each six ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Vineger a pint and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stand so al night and the next morning giue the horse thereof to drinke being kept ouer night fasting Theomnestus praiseth the decoction of Capers especially if the barke of the root thereof may be gotten sodden in water to a sirrop Or else make him a drinke of Garlick Nitrum Hore-hound and worm-wood sodden in harsh wine and he would haue the left side to be bathed in warme water and to be hard rubbed And if al this wil not helpe then to giue him the fire which Absirtus doth not allow saying the splene lyeth so as it cannot easily bee fired to do him anye good But for so much as the liuer and splene are members much occupied in the ingendring and seperating of humors many euil accidents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iandis called in a horse the yellowes drinesse of body and consumption of the flesh without any apparant cause why which the Phisitians call Atrophis also euill habite of the bodie called of them Chachexia and the Dropsie But first wee will speake of the Iaundis or Yellowes Of the Yellowes THe Physitians in a mans body do make two kinds of Iandis that is to say the Yellow proceeding of choler dispersed throughout the whole body and dieng the skin yellow and the blacke proceeding of melancholie dispersed likewise throughout the whole bodie and making al the skin blacke And as the yellow Iaundis commeth for the most part either by obstruction or stopping of the cundits belonging to the bladder of the gall which as I said before is the receptable of Choler or by some inflamation of the liuer wherby the blood is conuerted into choler so spreadeth throughout the body euen so the black Iandis cōmeth by meane of some obstruction in the liuer-vain that goeth to the splene not suffering the spleene to do his office in receiuing the dregs of the blood from the liuer wherin they abound too much or else for that the spleene is already too ful of dregs and so sheddeth them backe againe into the vaines But as for the blacke Iandis they haue not bin obserued to be in horses as in mē by any of our Ferrers in these daies that I can learn And yet the old writers of horseleach-craft do seeme to make two kindes of Iandis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Choler and also the moist choler The signs of the dry choler as Absirtus saith is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly wherof it is said to be dry Moreouer the horse wil not couet to lie down because he is so pained in his body and his mouth will be hot and dry It commeth as he saith by obstruction of the cundit wherby the choler should resort into the bladder of the gal and by obstruction also of the vrin vessels so as he cannot stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of oile water and Nitrum to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to power the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweet wine into his nostrils and let his meate be grasse or else sweet hay sprinkled with Nitre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wild coleworts sodden in wine Again of the moist choler of Iandis these are the signes The horses eies will looke yellow and his nostrils will open wide his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yellow and cholerick and he wil grone when he lieth downe which disease the said Absirtus was wont to heale as he saith by giuing the Horsse a drinke made of Time and Cumin of each like quantity stampt together and mingled with wine hony and water and also by letting him blood in the pasterns This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from
owne hooues beaten into powder and mingled with wine and powred into his right nostril will make him to stale if you chafe him vpon it and the rather as Hierocles saith if you carry him to some sheepes coat or other place where sheepe are wont to stand the smel of whose dung and pisse without any other medicine as he saith will prouoke him to stale Some will giue the horsse white Dogges dung dried and mingled with salt wine and Amoniacum to drinke some hogges dunge onely with Wine and some the dregges of horse-pisse with wine and many other medicines which I leaue to rehearse for feare of being too tedious and especially sith Martins experience doeth follow heere at hand agreeing in all points with Laurentius Russius cure which is in this sort First draw out his yard and wash it well in white wine and scoure it well because it will be many times stopped with durt and other baggage togither and hardned like a stone and then put a little oile of Cammomile into the conduit with a wax candle and a brused cloue of Garlick and that will prouoke him to stale And if that will not helpe Take of Parsly two handfuls of Coriander one handfull stampe them and straine them with a quart of white wine and dissolue therein one ounce of cake-Sope and giue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and keepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no cold water for the space of fiue or six dayes and when you would haue him to stale let it be eyther vpon plenty of strawe or vpon some greene plot or els in a sheeps coat the sauor whereof wil greatly prouoke him to stale as hath bin aforesaid Of pissing blood PElagonius saith that if a horse be ouermuch laboured or ouercharged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many times pisse blood and the rather as I thinke for that some vaine is broken within the horses body and then cleere blood will come forth many times as the Physitians say without any pisse at all But if the blood be perfectly mingled togither with his stale then it is a signe that it commeth from the kidnies hauing some stone therein which through vehement labour doeth fret the kidnies and vaines thereof and so cause them to bleed through which while the vrine passeth must needs be infected and died with the blood It may come also by some stripe or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse blood in the palate of the mouth to conuert the blood the contrary way then take of Tragagant that hath been steeped in wine halfe an ounce and of Poppy seede one dram and once scruple and of Stirax as much and twelue Pineaple kirnels let all these things be beaten and mingled wel togither and giue the horse thereof euery morning the space of seauen daies the quantity of a hasell-nut distempered in a quart of wine methinkes that the quantity of a Walnut were too little for so much wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the root of the hearbe Asphopelus which some call Daffadil mingled with wheat flower and Sumach sodden long in water and so to bee giuen the horse with some wine added thereunto or make him a drinke of Goats milk and oile straining thereunto a little Fromenty Anatolius saith that it good to giue the horse three daies togither sodden beanes cleane pilled whereunto would be added some Deeres sewet and a little wine Of the Colt euill Blundevile THis name Colt euil in my iudgement doeth properly signifie that disease which the physitians cal Priapismus which is a continual standing together with an vnnatural swelling of the yarde proceeding of some winde filling the artires and hollow sinnew or pipe of the yard or else through the abundance of seed which do chance oftentimes to man and I think sometime to stoned horses Notwithstanding Martin saith that the colt euil is a swelling of the sheathe of the yard and part of the belly thereabout caused of corrupt seed comming out of the yard and remaining within the sheath where it putrifieth And geldings most commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of natural heat to expel their seed any further For horses as Martin saith are sieldome troubled with this disease because of their heat vnlesse it be when they haue beene ouer trauailed or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Wash the sheath cleane within with Luke-warme Vineger then draw out his yard and wash that also that done ride him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein too and fro to alay the heat of the members and vse him thus two or three daies and hee shal be whole Another of the Colt euill THe Colt euill is a disease that commeth to stoned horses through rankenes of nature and want of vent it appeareth in his cod and sheathe which wil swell exceedingly Markham the cure is nothing for if you wil but euery day twice or thrice driue him to the mid-side in some Pond or running riuer the swelling will fall and the horse wil doe wel If the horse be of yeeres and troubled with this griefe if you put him to a Mare it is not amisse for standing stil in a stable without exercise is a great occasion of this disease Of the mattering of the yard IT commeth at couering time when the horse and mare both are ouer-hot and so perhaps burne themselues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of white wine and boile therein a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yarde three or foure squirtfuls one after another and thrust the squirt so far as the liquor may pierce to the bottome to scowre away the bloody matter continuing thus to do once a day vntil he be whole Of the shedding of seed THis disease is called of the Physitians Gonorrhea Blundevile which may come sometime thorough aboundance and rankenesse of seed and sometime by the weakenes of the stones and seed vessels not able to retaine the seed vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius saith that this disease will make the horse very faint and weake and especially in Summer season For cure whereof the said Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some cold water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may bee couered in water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water and oile he would haue you to thrust in your hand and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and claw the same and the parts thereabouts which be the seed vessels that done to couer him warm that he take no cold and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse hogges dung to drinke with red wine vntil he be whole I for my part if I
thought it came of weakenes as is aforesaide which I would iudge by the waterishnesse of the seed and vnlustines of the horse would giue him red wine to drinke and put therein a little Acatium the iuyce of Plantaine and a little Masticke and bath his backe with redde Wine and oyle of Roses mingled togither Of the falling of the yard IT commeth as I take it through the weakenes of the member by meanes of some resolution in the muscles and sinnewes seruing the same caused at the first perhaps by some great straine or stripe on the backe It may come also by wearines and tiring For remedy whereof Absirtus was wont to wash the yard with salt water from the sea if it may be gotten and if not with water and salt and if that preuailed not he would al to pricke the outmost skinne of the yard with a sharpe needle but not deepe and then wash all the prickes with strong Vineger and that did make the horse as he saith to draw vp his yarde againe immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagonius would haue you to put into the pipe of his yard hony and salt boiled togither and made liquid or else a quicke fly or a graine of Frankencense or a cloue of Garlicke clean pilled and somewhat brused and also to powre on his back oile wine Nitre made warm and mingled togither But Martins experience is in this sort First wash the yarde with warm white wine and then anoint it with oyl of Roses and hony mingled togither and put it vp into the sheath and make him a cod-peece of Canvas to keepe it still vp and dresse him thus euery day once vntil it be whole And in any case let his backe be kept warme either with a dubble cloath or else with a charge made of bole Armonie Egges wheate-flower Sanguis Draconis Turpentine and Vineger or els lay on a wet sacke which being couered with another dry cloath wil keepe his backe very warme Of the swelling of the Cod and stones ABsirtus saith that the inflammation and swelling of the cod and stones commeth by meanes of some wound or by the stinging of some Serpent or by fighting one horse with another For remedy whereof hee was woont to bath the cod with water wherein hath beene sodden the roots of wilde Cucumber and salt and then to annoint it with an ointment made of Cerusa oile Goates greace and the white of an Egge Some againe would haue the cod to be bathed in warme Water Nitrum and Vineger togither and also to be annointed with an ointment made of chalke or of potters earth Oxe dung cumin Water and Vineger or else to be annointed with the iuice of the herb Solanum called of some night-shade or with the iuyce of Hemblocke growing on dunghils yea and also to be let bloud in the flankes But Martin saith that the swelling of the cods commeth for the most part after some sicknesse or surfetting with colde and then it is a signe of amendment The cure according to his experience is in this sort First let him blood on both sides the flanke veines Then take of oile of Roses of Vineger of each halfe a pinte and halfe a quarterne of Bole Armony beaten to powder Mingle them togither in a cruse and being luke-warme annoint the cods therewith with two or three feaâ—hers bound togither and the next day ride him into the water so as his coddes may be within the water giuing him two or three turnes therein and so returne faire and softly to the stable and when he is dry annoint him againe as before continuing thus to do euery day once vntil they be whole The said Martin saith also the cods may be swollen by meanes of some hurt or euil humors resorting into the Cod and then he would haue you couer the cods with a charge made of Bole Armony and Vineger wrought togither renewing it euery day once vntil the swelling go away or that it breake of it selfe and if it breake then taint it with Mel Rosatum and make him a breech of Canuas to keepe it in renewing the taint euery day once vntil it be whole Of incording and brusing THis terme incording is borrowed of the Italian word Incordato which in plain English is as much to say as bursten Blundevile and might be more rightly tearmed of vs vncodded For when a horse is bursten his guts falleth downe into the cod making it to swell The Italians as I take it did cal it Incordato because the gut followes the string of the stone called of them Ilcordone or Lachorda whereof Incordato seemes to be deriued with some reason According to which reason we should cal it rather instringhed than inchorded for Chorda doth signifie a string or chord Notwithstanding sith that incording is already receiued in the stable I for my part am very well content therewith minding not to contend against it But now you haue to note that either man or beast may be bursten diuersly and according to the names of the partes greeued the Physitians doe giue it diuers names for you shall vnderstande that next vnto the thicke outward skinne of the belly there is also another inward thin skin couering al the muscles the Caule and the guts of the belly called of the Anatomists Peritoneum which skin commeth from both partes and sides of the backe and is fastened to the midriffe aboue and also to the bottome of the belly beneath to keepe in al the contents of the neather belly And therefore if the skin be broken or ouer sore strained or stretched then either some part of the caule or guts slippeth downe sometime into the cod sometime not so farre If the gut slip downe into the cod then it is called of the Physitians by the Greek name Enterocele that is to say gut-bursten But if the caule fall downe into the cod then it is called of the Physitians Epiplocele that is to say Caule-bursten But either of the diseases is most properlie incident to the male kind for the femal kind hath no cod Notwithstanding they may be so bursten as either gut or caule may fal downe into their natures hanging there like a bag But if it fal not downe so lowe but remaineth aboue nigh vnto the priuy members or flankes which place is called of the Latines Inguen then of that place the bursting is called of the physitians Bubonocele whereunto I knowe not what English name to giue vnlesse I should cal it flanke-bursten Moreouer the cod or flanke may bee sometime swollen by meanes of some waterish humour gathered together in the same which is called of the physitians Hydrocele that is to say water-bursten and sometime the cod may be swollen by meanes of some hard peece of flesh cleauing to the thin skins or panicles of the stones and then it is called of the physitians Sarcocele that is to say flesh-bursten But forasmuch as
hogs greace Then bring him into the stable and let him rest the space of 9. daies but let him lye down as little as may be and put on a pasterne on the sore leg so as it may be bound with a cord vnto the foot of the manger to keepe that legge alwaies whilest he standeth in the stable more forward then the other And at the nine daies end take out the prickes and annoint the sore places with a litle Dialthea or with hogs grease and then turn him out to grasse Of the swelling of the forelegs after great labor GReat labor and heat causeth humors to resort down into the legs making them swel The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Bath them with buttered beere or els with this bath here following take of Mallovves 3. handfuls a rose cake Sage one handful boile them together in a sufficient quantity of vvater and vvhen the Mallovves bee soft put in halfe a pound of butter and halfe a pinte of Sallet-oile and then being somewhat vvarme vvash the svvelling thervvith euery day once the space of three or 4. daies And if the swelling wil not go away with this then take Wine lees and Cumin and boile them together and put thereunto a little wheate-flower and charge al the swelling therewith and walke him often and if it will not serue then take vp the great veine aboue the knee on the inside suffering him not to bleed from aboue but al from beneath Of the Foundering in the forelegs THe cause of this griefe is declared before in the Chapter of foundering in the body whereas I shewed you that if a horse be foundred in the body the humors wil immediatly resort downe into his legs as Martin saith within the space of 24. houres and then the horse wil go crovching al vpon the hinder legs his forelegs being so stiffe as he is not able to bow them The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Garter each leg immediatly one handful aboue the knee with a list good and hard and then walke him or chafe him and so put him in a heat and being somewhat warmed let him blood in both the breast vaines reseruing the blood to make a charge withal in this manner Take of that bloode two quartes and of Wheate-flower halfe a pecke and sixe Egges shelles and all of bole Armony halfe a pounde of Sanguis Draconis halfe a quarterne and a quarte of stronge Vineger mingle them altogether and charge all his shoulders Breast Backe Loynes and Forelegges therewith and then walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refresh it againe And hauing walked him three or 4. houres together lead him into the stable and giue him a little warm water with ground mault in it and then a litle hay and prouender and then walke him againe either in the house or else abroad and continue thus the space of foure daies and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stand lye warme and eat but little meat during the foure daies But if you see that at the foure daies end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sign that the humor lies in the foot for the which you must search with your butter paring all the soles of the fore-feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue through the sole That done with your butter let him blood at both the toes and let him bleede well The stop the veine with a little hogs-grease and then tacke on the shooes and Turpentine molten together and laid vpon a little Flax and cram the place where you did let him blood hard with tow to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fil both his feet with hogs grease and bran fried together in a stopping Pan so hot as is possible And vpon the stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to keepe the stopping And immediatly after this take two Egges beat them in a dish and put therto bole Armony and bean-flower somuch as wil thicken the same and mingle them wel together make therof two plaisters such as may close each foot round about somwhat aboue the cronet and bind it fast with a list or roler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of three daies but let the sole be clensed and new stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two daies continuing so to do vntill it be whole During which time let him rest vnwalked for feare of loosening his hooues But if you see that he begin to amend you may walke him faire and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercise his legs and feet and let him not eat much nor drink cold water But if this fundering breake out aboue the hooue which you shal perceiue by the loosenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronet then when you pare the sole you must take al the fore-part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles whole to the intent the humors may haue the freer passage downeward and then stop him and dresse him about the cronet as is before said Of Foundring OF all other sorances Foundering is soonest got and hardlyest cured yet if it may be perceiued in twenty and foure houres Markham and taken in hand by this meanes heereafter prescribed it shal be cured in other twenty and foure houres notwithstanding the same receit hath cured a horse that hath bin foundred a year more but then it was longer in bringing it to passe Foundering commeth when a horse is heated being in his grease and very fat and taketh thereon a suddaine cold which striketh downe into his legs and taking away the vse and feeling thereof The signe to know it is the horse cannot go but wil stand cripling with al his foure legs together if you offer to turne him he wil couch his buttocks to the ground and some Horses haue I seene sit on their buttocks to feede The cure is thus Let him blood of his two breast vaines of his two shackle vains and of his two vaines aboue the cronets of his hinder hooues if the vaines wil bleed take from them 3. pints at least if they wil not bleed then open his neck vain and take so much from thence Saue the blood and let one stand by and stir it as he bleeds lest it grow into lumps when he hath don bleeding take as much wheat-flower as wil thicken the blood the whits of 20. Egges and three or foure yolkes then take a good quantity of Boleaâ— minacke and a pinte of strong vineger incorporate al these wel together and withal charge his backe necke head and eares then take two long rags of cloath and dip in the same charge and withal garter him so straite as may be aboue both his knees of his forelegs then let his keeper take him out to some stony
garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to go awhile to put him in a heat and being somewhat warme let him bloode in the thigh vaines reseruing of that blood a pottle to make him a charge in this sort Put vnto that blood of Wheat-flower and of Beane-flower of each a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armony one pound of Sanguis Draconis two ounces six Egges shels and al of Turpentine halfe a pound of Vineger a quart Mingle al these thinges togither and therewith charge both his hinder Legges his Reynes and Flankes al against the haire And if the horse cannot dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister take of Mallowes three handfuls and boile them wel in faire Water from a pottle to a quart Then straine it and put thereunto halfe a pounde of Butter and of Sallet Oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly giue him also this drinke to comforte him take of Malmesie a quart and put thereunto a little Cinamon Mace and Pepper beaten into fine powder and of Oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that Luke-warme with a horne That don let him be walked vp and downe a good while togither if he be able to go if not then tie him vp to the racke and let him be hanged with Canuas and ropes so as he may stand vppon the ground with his feet For the lesse he lieth the better and pare his hinder feet thin vntill the deaw come out and tacking on the shooes againe stoppe the hooues with bran and hogs greace boiled togither and let both his feet hauing this geere in it be wrapped vp in a cloath euen to his pasternes and there tie the clout fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and giue him in winter wet hay and in Summer grasse Of the dry Spauen Blundevile THe dry Spauin called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great hard knob as big as a Walnut growing in the inside of the hough hard vnder the ioynt nigh vnto the maister vaine and causeth the horse to halt which sorance commeth by kind because the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation and sometime by extreame labour and heat dissoluing humors which do descend thorough the maister vaine continually feeding that place with euil nutriment and causeth that place to swel Which swelling in continuance of time becommeth so hard as a bone and therefore is called of some the bone-Spauen It needeth no signes or tokens to knowe it because it is very much apparant to the eie and therefore most Ferrers doe take it to be incurable Notwithstanding Martin saith that it may bee made lesse with these remedies heere following Wash it with warme water and shaue off the haire so farre as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may bleed Then take of Cantharides one dozen of Euforbium halfe a spoonefull breake them into powder and boile them togither with a little oile de Bay and with two or three feathers bound togither put it boiling hot vpon the sore and let his taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after set him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe al the night for feare of rubbing off the medicine and the next day annoint it with fresh butter continuing thus to do euery day once the space of fiue or sixe daies and when the haire is growne againe draw the sore place with a hot yron Then take another hot sharpe yron like a Bodkin somewhat bowing at the point and thruste it in at the neather end of the middle-line and so vppeward betwixt the skinne and the flesh to the compasse of an inch and a halfe And then taint it with a little Turpentine and Hogges-greace moulten together and made warme renewing it euery day once the space of nine daies But remember first immediately after his burning to take vppe the maister vaine suffering him to bleed a little from aboue and tie vp the vper end of the vaine and leaue the neather end open to the intent that hee may bleede from beneath vntil it cease it selfe and that shal diminish the Spauen or else nothing wil do it Of the Spauen both bone and blood DOubtlesse a Spauen is an euil sorance and causeth a horse to hault principally in the beginning of his griefe Markham it appeareth on the hinder Legges within and against the ioynt and it will bee a little swolne and some horses haue a thorough Spauen which appeareth both within and without Of the Spauen there are two kindes the one hard the other soft That is a bone-Spauen and a blood-Spauen for the bone-Spauen I holde it harde to cure and therefore the lesse necessary to be dealt withal except very great occasion vrge and thus it may be holpen Cast the horse and with a hot yron slitte the flesh that couereth the Spauen and then lay vpon the Spauen Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay and annoint his legges round about either with the oile of Roses and with Vngueâ—tum album camphiratum Dresse him thus for three daies togither then afterwarde take it awaye and for three daies more lay vnto it onely vpon Flaxe and vnsleact lime then afterward dresse it with Tarre vntil it be whole The Cantharides and Euforbium wil eat kil the spungy bone the lime wil bring it clean away and the Tarre wil sucke out the poison and heale al vp sound but this cure is dangerous for if the incision be done by an vnskilful man and he either by ignorance or by the swaruing of his hand burne in twaine the great vaine that runnes crosse the Spauen then the horse is spoiled Now for the blood Spauen that is easily helpt for I haue knowne diuers which haue beene but newly beginning helpt onely by taking vppe the Spauen vaine and letting it bleed wel beneath and then stop the wound with Sage and Salt but if it be a great blood Spauen then with a sharpe knife cut it as you burnt the bone Spauen and take the Spauen away then heale it vp with Hogges-greace and Turpentine onely Of the wet Spauen or through Spauen THis is a soft swelling growing on both sides of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may bee called a through Spauen But for the most part the swelling is on the inside because it is continually fed of the master vain is greater than the swelling on the outside The Italians cal this sorance Laierda or Gierdone which seemeth to come of a more fluxible humor and not so viscous or slimy as the other Spauen doeth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doeth and this is more curable then the other It needes no signes because it is apparant
and then restraine it aboue with the plaister restrictiue before mentioned and in such order as is there written and also heale vp the wound as is before taught in the chap. of a pricke in the sole of the foot Of casting the hooue THis is when the coffin falleth clean away from the foot which commeth by such causes as were last rehearsed and is so aparant to the eie as it needeth no signes to know it The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Turpentine one pound of Tarre halfe a pinte of vnwrought Wax halfe a pinte Boile all these thinges together and stirre them continually vntil they be throughly mingled and compact together Then make a boote of leather with a good strong sole meete for the horses feet to be laced or buckled about the pasterne and dresse his foot with the salue aforesaid laid vpon flaxe or Tow and bolster or stuffe his foot with soft flaxe so as the boot may greeue him no manner of waye renewing it euery day once vntill it be whole and then put him to grasse Of the hooue bound THis is a shrinking of all the whole hooue It commeth by drought for the hoous perhaps are kept to dry when the horse standeth in the stable and sometime by meanes of heate Blundevile or of ouerstraight shooing The Italians call the horse thus greeued Incastellado The signes be these The horse wil hault and the hooues 〈◊〉 be hotte and if you knocke on them with a hammer they wil sound hollow like an empty bottle and if both the feet be not hooue-bound the sore foot will be lesser than the other indeed and appeare so to the eie The cure according to Martin is thus Pull off the shooes and shooe him with halfe moone-shooes called Lunette the order and shape wherof you shall find among the Ferrers and rase both the quarters of the hooue with a drawer from the coronet vnto the sole of the foot so deepe as you shall see the dew it selfe come forth And if you make two rases on each side it shall be so much the better and inlarge the hooue the more That done annoint all the hooue about next vnto the coronet round about with the ointment prescribed before in the chapter of casting the hooue continuing so to do euery day once vntil he begin to amend for the space of a moneth and if he goeth not well at the months ende then take off the halfe shooes and pare all the soles and frushes and all so thinne as you may see the deaw come forth and tacke on a whole shoo and stop al the foot within with hogs greace and bran boiled together and laide hot to the foot renewing it daily once the space of nine daies to the intent the sole may rise But if this will do no good then take away the sole cleane and clap on a whole shoe and stop the foot with nettles and salt brayed together renewing it once a day but not ouer hard to the intent the sole may haue liberty to rise and being growne againe let him be shod with the lunets and sent to grasse Of the running Frush THe Frush is the tenderest part of the hooue towardes the heele called of the Italians Fettone and because it is fashioned like a forked head the French men cal it Furchette which word our Ferrers either for not knowing rightly how to pronounce it or else perhaps for easinesse sake of pronuntiation do make it a monasillable pronounce it the Frush in which Frush breedeth many times a rotennesse or corruption proceeding of humours that commeth out of the legge whereby the legge is kept cleane from the windgals and all other humours and swellings by meanes that the humors haue passage that way Notwithstanding the discommodity of the sorance is greater than the commodity because it maketh the horses feet so weak and tender as he is not able to tred vpon any hard ground The signes be these The horse wil hauls and specially when the passage of the humour is stopt with anye grauel gathered in the Frush and not being stopt it wil continually runne the sauour whereof wil bee so strong as a man is not able to abide it and in some places it wil looke raw The cure according to Martin is thus First take off the shooe and pare away all the corrupt places and make them raw so as you may see the water yssue out of the raw places then tack on the shooe againe being first made wide and large inough That done take of foote one handfull of salte as much bruse them well togither in a dish and putte thereunto the white of three Egges and temper them togither and with a little Towe dipt therein stop all the foote and especially the Frush and splent is so as it may not fall out renewing it once a day the space of seuen daies and then he will bee whole During which time let the horse rest and come in no wet at the seauen daies end leaue stopping him and ride him abroad and alwaies when he commeth in let his sore foote be cleane washed that no grauell remaine therein without doing any more vnto him Of the Frush THe Frush is the tendrest part of the sole of the foot which by humors distilling many times downe from the legges occasion inflamations in that part Markham which may easily be perceiued by the impostumation of the same the cure is first hauing taken off the shooe pare away all the corrupted and naughty matter vntil the sore looke rawe then naile on a hollow shooe made for the same purpose and take of soote a handeful of the iuyce of House-licke and of Creame with the white of an Egge or two as much as wil thicken the same with this stop vp the sore and splint it so as it may not fal out renewing it vntil it be whole but during the cure haue regard that the sore foot touch not any wet for that is very much hurtfull Of diseases or griefes indifferently incident to any part of the body but first of the Leprosie or vniuersall manginesse called of the old writers Elephantia THis is a cankered manginesse spreading ouer all the body which commeth of abundance of melancholy corrupt and filthy blood The signes be these The horse will be al maungy and scuruy ful of scabs and rawe plots about the necke and euil fauoured to looke on and alwayes rubbing and scratching The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood the first day in the one side of the necke and within 2. daies after that in the flanke vaines and last of all in the vaine vnder the taile Then wash all the sore places with salt brine and rubbing them hard with a wispe of strawe hard twisted so as they may bleed well and be all raw That doue annoint the place with this ointment take of Quicke-siluer one ounce of Hogges-greace one pound of Brimstone beaten into powder a quarterne of
ointment made of old Lard Sope and gray Salt for that will eat out the coare and cause it to rot and so fall out of the one accord Of the Canker called of the Italian Il Canero A Canker is a filthy creeping vlcer fretting and gnawing the flesh in gret breadth In the beginning it is knotty much like a Farcine Blundevile and spreadeth it selfe into diuers places and being exulcerated gathereth togither in length into a wound or sore This proceedeth of a melancholy and filthy blood ingendered in the body which if it be mixt with Salt humors it causeth the more painefull and greeuous exulceration and sometime it commeth of some filthy wound that is not cleanly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankereth other clean parts of the body It is easie to be knowne by the description before The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Frst let him blood in those vaines that be next the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alum halfe a pound of greene Coporas and of white Coporas of each one quarterne and a good handfull of Salt boile all these things togither in faire running water from a pottle to a quart And this water being warme wash the sore with a cloath and then sprinkle thereon the powder of vnslecked lime continuing so to do euery day once the space of fifteen daies and if you see that the lime do not mortifie the ranke flesh and keepe it from spreading any further then take of blacke Sope halfe a pounde of Quicke-siluer halfe an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the Quicke-siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceiue none of the Quicke-siluer in it And with an yron slice after that you haue washed the sore with the stronge water aforesaide couer the wound with this ointment continuing thus to do euery day once vntill the Canker leaue spreading abroad And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke flesh is mortified and that the edges begin to gather a skin then after the washing dresse it with the lime as before continuing so to vntil it be whole And in the dressing suffer no filth that commeth out of the sore to remaine vppon any whole place about but wipe it cleane away or else wash it away with warme water And let the horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and thoroughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking vlcer and for the most part springes of maligne humors ingendered in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easie to know by the description before The cure according to Martin is thus Firste search the depth of it with a quill or with some other instrument of lead that may be bowed euery way meet for the purpose For vnlesse you find the bottome of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottome if it be in such a place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a launcet or rasor then make a slit right against the bottome so as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spungy or loose flesh which must be gotten out and then taint it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this ointment Take of hony a quarterne and of Verdigrease one ounce beaten into powder Boile them together vntill it looke redde stirring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taint wherewith and bolster the taint with a bolster of flax And if it be in such a place as the taint cannot conueniently be kept in with a band then fasten on each side of the hole two ends of Shoomakers thread right ouer the bolster to keepe in the taint which ends may hang there as two laces to tye and vntie at your pleasure renewing the taint euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprinckling thereon a little slect lime But if the Fistula be in such a place as a man can neither cut right against the bottome or nigh the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water through some quill or such like thing so as it may goe to the very bottome and dry vp all the filthy matter dressing him so twice a day vntill the horse be whole Of an Aubury THis is a great spungy Wart full of blood called of the Italians Moro or Selfo which may grow in any place of the body and it hath a root like a Cocks stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tie it with a thred so hard as you can pull it the thred will eate by little and little in such sort as within seauen or eight daies it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharpe hotte yron cutting it round about and so deepe as you may leaue none of the root behind and dry it with Verdigreace Russius saith that if it grow in a place full of sinnewes so as it cannot be conueniently cut away with a hot yron then it is good to eat out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stop the hole with flax dipt in the white of an Egge for a day or two and lastly to drie it vp with the powder of vnslect lime and hony as before is taught Of Wounds VVOunds commeth by meanes of some stripe or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole part is cut or broken For a wound according to the Phisitians is defined to be a solution diuision or parting of the whole For if there be no solution or parting then methinkes it ought rather to be called a bruse then a wound And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharpe or piercing weapons and bruses with blunt weapons Notwithstanding if by such blunt weapons anie part of the whole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wound as wel as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe and hollow Againe some chance in the fleshy partes and some in the bonye and sinnewie places And those that chaunce in the fleshy parts though they be verie deepe yet they be not so dangerous as the other and therefore we will speak first of the most dangerous If a horse haue a wound newly made either in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinnewes bones or gristles first Martin would haue you to wash the wounde well with white wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wound with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little winde in the meane while as may be Then hauing found the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your salue be
occupy a booke of no smal volume to bee written hereafter by some other perhaps if not by my selfe And in the meane time let this that I haue already written suffice Of the Anticor AN Anticor commeth of superfluity of euill blood or spirit in the artires and also of inflammation in the liuer which is ingendered by meanes of too choise keeping Markham and ouermuch rest which choaketh the vital power and occasion vnnaturall swellings in the brest which if they ascend vpward and come into the necke they are instantly death the cure thereof is in this sort Let him bleed so as he may bleed abundantly then with a sharp knife in diuers places cut the swelling which done set a cupping-glasse theron and cup it till the glasse filled with foule water fall away it selfe then giue the Horse to drinke three mornings together a pinte of Malmesie well stirred with Sinamon Lycoras and a little Bezar stone and during his sicknes let his drinke bee warmed and mingled with either Bran or Malt. Of the Cords THe Cords is a disease that maketh a horse stumble and many times fall and they apeare in a horses forelegs this is the cure thereof Take a sharpe knife and cut a slitte euen at the tip of his nose iust with the point of the grisle open the slit being made and you shall perceiue a white string take it vp with a Bores tooth or some crooked bodkin and cut it insunder then stitch vppe the slit and annoint it with Butter and the horse doubtlesse shall be recouered Of the Millets THe Millets is a griefe that appeareth in the Fetlockes behinde and causeth the haire to shed three or foure inches long and a quarter of an inch in bredth like as it were bare and ill to cure but thus is the cure First wash it well with strong lye and rub it till it bleede then binde vnto it Hony vnslect lime and Deares sewet boiled and mingled together this do for the space of a weeke and it shall be whole Of the Serew A Serew is a foule soraunce it is like a Splent but it is a little longer and is most commonly on the outside of the fore legge as the splint is on the inside the cure is thus Take two spoonefuls of strong Wine-Vinegar and one spoonefull of good Sallet-oyle mingle them together and euery morning bestow one houre in rubbing the sorance with it altogether downeward til it be gone which will not be long in going The medicines arising out of Horses THe Graecians haue written nothing at all concerning wilde horses Pliny because in their country there was none of them vsually bredde or gotten yet notwithstanding the same wee ought to thinke that all medicines or anye other thinges which do proceed from them are more strong in operation and haue in them greater force and power then anye common horses haue as it falleth out in all sortes of other beasts The blood of a horse as Pliny affirmeth doth gnaw into deade flesh with a putrifactiue force the same vertue hath the blood of Mares which haue bin couered by horses Also the bloode of a horse but especially of one which is a breeder doeth verye much make and helpe againste impostumes and small bunches which do arise in the flesh Moreouer it is said that the bloud of a young Asse is very good against the Iaundice and the ouer-flowing of the gall as also the same force and effect is in the blood of a young horse The horse-leaches do vse the blood of horses for diuers diseases which are incident vnto them both by annointing or rubbing the outward parts as also within their bodies Furthermore if one do cut the vaines of the pallet of a horses mouth and let it runne downe into his belly Theomnestus it will presently destroy and consume the maw or belly-worms which are within him When a horse is sicke of the pestilence they draw blood out of the veines in his spurring place and mingling the same vpon a stone with salt make him to licke it vp The blood of a horse is also mingled with other medicines and being annointed vpon the armes and shoulders of men or beasts Vegâ—tius which are broken or out of ioynt doth very much helpe them But a horse which is weary or tyred you must cure after this manner Firste draw some bloude out of his matrixe or wombe and mingle it with Oyle and Wine and then put it on the fire till it bee luke-warme and then rubbe the horse all ouer againste the haires If the sinnewes of horses do wax stiffe or shrink in together it is very necessary that the sicke parts should be annointed with the hot bloode which doeth proceede from him Pliny for horses also which are fed in the field vse their flesh and dung against the biting and stinging of Serpents We do also find that the flesh of horses being well boiled is very medicinable for diuers diseases Furnerius Moreouer it is very vsuall and common with the women of Occitania to take the fat or greace of horses to annoint their heades to make the haire of their heads multiply and increase and certaine later Phisitians do mingle the marrow of a horse with other ointments for a remedy against the crampe The marrow of a horse is also very good to loosen the sinnewes which are knit and fastned together but first let it be boiled in wine and afterwards made cold and then anointed warmly either by the fire or Sun If a horse do labor in what kind of impostume which they vulgarly call the worme either any where as well as in the nose they do open the skin with a searirg yron and doe sprinkle Verdigreace within the horses mouth being brent there being added thereunto sometimes the seed of Hen-bane The teeth of a male horse not gelded or by any labor made feeble being put vnder the head or ouer the head of him that is troubled or starteth in his dreame doth withstand and resist all vnquietnes which in the time of his rest might happen vnto him Albertus Pliny also doeth assent that flower dooeth heale the sorenes of a horses teeth and gums and the clefts and chinkes of a horses feet The teeth also of a horse is verye profitable for the curing of the Chilblanes which are rotten and full of corruption when they are swollen full ripe Marcellus Marcellus saith that the toothe of a horse being beaten and crushed into very small powder and being sprinkled vppon a mans genitall doth much profit and very effectually helpe him but the teeth which were first ingendered in a horse haue this vertue in them that if they should touch the teethe of man or woman who are molested and grieued with the tooth-ache they shal presently find a finall ende of their paine if in the like manner a childe doe kisse the nose or snowt of a horse he shal neuer feele paine in his teeth
horse they will be so venemous and full of poison that if a man or woman be smitten or pricked therewith Rasius they wil neuer cease from bleeding as long as life doth last If a horse be wounded with an arrow and haue the sweat of another horse and bread which hath bene brent being mingled in mans Vrine giuen him to drink and afterwards some of the same being mingled with horse-grease put into the wounde it will in short time procure him ease and helpe There are some which wil assure vs that if a man be troubled with the belly wormes or haue a Serpent crept into his belly if hee take but the sweate of a horse being mingled with his vrine and drinke it it will presently cause the wormes or the Serpent to yssue forth Dioscorides Pliny The dung of a horse or Asse which is fedde with grasse being dried and afterward dipped in wine and so drunke is a very good remedy against the bitings and blowes of Scorpions The same medicines they doe also vse being mingled with the genital of a Hare in Vineger both against the Scorpion and against the shrew-mouse The force is so great in the poyson of a madde Dogge or Bitch that his pargeted Vrine doth much hurt especially vnto them that haue a sore bile vpon them the chiefest remedy therefore against the same is the dung of a horse mingled with Vineger and being warmed put into the scab or sore The dung aswel of Asses as of horses either raw colde or burned is excellent good against the breaking forth or yssues of the blood Marcellus The dung of Horses or Asses being newe made or warme and so clapped and put to a green wound doth very easily and speedily stanche the bleeding If the vaine of a horse bee cut and the blood doe yssue out in too great aboundance apply the dung of the same horse vnto the place where the veine is cut Russius and the bleeding wil presently cease wherefore the poet doth very wel expresse it in these verses following Pellâ—ganius Sine fimus manni cum testis vritur oui Et reprimit fluidos miro medicamine cursus Albertus The same doth also very wel driue away the corruption in mens body which doth cause the blood to stinke if it be well and iustly applyed vnto the corrupt place The same also beeing mingled with oyle of Roses Aesâ—ulapius and new made and so applied vnto the eares doeth not onely driue away the paine but also doth very much helpe for hearing There is another remedy also for the hearing which is this to take the dunge of a horse which is new made and to make it hot in a furnace Marcellus and then to poure it on the middle of the heade against the Vâ—â—la and afterward to tie the aforesaid dunge in a linnen or wollen cloath vnto the toppe of the head in the night time Pliny The dung of a young Asse when he is first foaled giuen in Wine to the quantity or magnitude of a Beane is a present remedy for eyther man or Woman who is troubled with the Iaundice or the ouer-flowing of the gall and the same property hath the dung of a younge horse or Colte when hee is new foaled But the dunge of an olde horse being boiled in faire water Sextus and afterward strained and so giuen to the party to drinke who is troubled with Water in his belly or stomacke doth presently make vent for the same There is also an excellent remedy against the Collicke and stone which is this to take a handfull of the dung of a horse which hath bene fedde with Oates and Barley and not with grasse Empiricâ—s and mingle verye vvell it with halfe a pinte of Wine all which I do gesse will amount vnto the waight of eighteene ounces and then boyle them altogether vntil halfe of them bee boyled or consumed away and then drinke the same by little and little vntil it bee all drunke vp but it will be much better for the party that is troubled to drinke it vp altogether if he be able There is moreouer a very good and easie way by horse-dung to cure the Ague or quarterne feauer which is thus to burne the aforesaid dung Marcellus and to mingle the very dust it selfe thereof in old wine and then beat it vnto small powder and so giue it vnto the party who is troubled therewith to drinke or suck without any water in it and this wil very speedily procure ease and helpe If that a woman supposeth her childe which is in hir wombe to be dead Pliny let her drinke the milt or spleene of a horse in some sweet water not to the smel but to the tast and she wil presently cast the childe The same vertue is in the perfume which is made of a horses hoof as also in the dry dung of a horse There are some which do vse this means against the falling sicknes or the sicknes called Saint Iohns euil Plinyus that is to mingle the water or vrine which a horse doth make with the water which commeth from the Smiths trough and so to giue it the party in a potion There is a very good helpe for cattell which do void blood through their Nostrils or secret parts which is this Empiricus to make a paast of Wheat-flower and beat it and mingle it togither with Butter and Egges in the vrine of a horse which hath lately drunke and afterward to giue that paast or poultes baked euen into ashes to the beast so grieued To prouoke vrine when a mans yard is stopt there is nothing so excellent as the dung or filthe which proceedeth from the vrine which a horse hath made being mingled with wine and then strained and afterwards poured into the nostrils of the party so vexed There are certaine Tetters or Ring-wormes in the knees of horses and a little aboue the hooues in the bending of these parts there are indurate and hardned thicke skins Dioscorides which being beaten into small powder and mingled with Vineger and so drunke are an exceeding good preseruatiue against the falling sicknes Galen the same is also a very good remedy for them which are bitten with any wilde Beast whatsoeuer By the Tetter or Ring-worme which groweth in a horses knees or aboue the hoofes beaten and mingled with oyle and so poured in the eares the teeth of either man or woman which were weake and loose will be made very strong and fast The aforesaid Tetter without any mingling with oyle pliny doth also heal and cure the head-ache and falling sicknes in either man or woman The same also being drunk out of Clarret Wine or Muscadel for forty daies togither doeth quite expel and driue away the collicke and stone If that any man do get and putte vp the shooe of a horse beeing stroake from his hoofe as he trauaileth in his pace
feigned of the Poets that this Lyon was the Naemaean Lyon slaine by Hercules which at the commaundement of Iuno was fostered in Arcadia andâ— that in anger against Hercules after his death she placed him in the heauens To conclude this story of the Lyons it is reported of the Diuels called Onosceli that they slew themselues sometimes in the shapes of Lyons and Dogges and the Dogge of Serapis which was fained to haue three heads on the left side a Wolues on the right side a Dogges and in the middle a Lyons We haue shewed already that the people called Ampraciotae did worship a Lyonesse because she killed a Tyrant And the Egyptians builded a Citty to the honor of Lyons calling it Leontâ—polis Lyons norished in Temples and worshipped and dedicating Temples to Vulcan for their honor And in the porches of Heliopolis there were common stipends for the nourishing of lions As in other places where they are fed daily with Beefe and haue also windowes in their lodgings with great Parkes and spaces allotted vnto them for their recreation and exercises with an opinion that the people that came vnto them to offer and worshippe them should see a speedy reuenge through deuine iudgement vpon al those that had wronged them by periury or broken the oath of fidelity To conclude in holy Scripture we finde that our Sauiour Christ is called the Lion of the tribe of Iudah for as hee is a lambe in his innocency so is he a Lion in his fortitude The Deuil also is called a roaring Lion because Lions in their hunger are most of al ful of furie and wrath And so I wil conclude and end this storie of Lions with that Emblem of Alciatus describing how litle Hares did reioice and leape vpon dead Lions Qui toties hostes vicerat ante suos Dum curru et pedibus nectere vincla parant Conuellant barbaâ—â— vel timidi Lepores The medicines of the Lyon The blood of a Lyon being rubbed or spred vpon a Canker or vpon a sore which is swelled about the vaines wil presently and without any paine cure and ease the griefe thereof Albertus Sextus Whosoeuer doth anoint his body all ouer with the blood of a Lyon may safely and without any danger trauaile amongst any wilde Beastes whatsoeuer The flesh of a Lyon being eaten either by a man or Woman which is troubled with dreames and fantasies in the night time Aesculâ—pius will very speedily and effectually worke him ease and quietnesse The â—ame also being boyled or baked and giuen to them which are distraught of their wits to eate doth bring them ease and comfort and renew their wits againe it is also very good for the paines or deafenesse of the eares And being taken in drink it helpeth those which are troubled with the shaking of the ioyntes or the Palsie Whosoeuer shall haue shooes made of the hide or skinne of a Lyon or Wolfe and weare them vpon his feete he shall neuer haue any paine or ache in them Galen They will also defend him that vseth them from the gout or swelling in the feete or Legges The skin or hide of a Lyon is also very good for either man or Woman which are troubled with the piles or swelling of the vains if they shall but at some seuerall times set vpon it The fat of a Lyon is reported to be contrary to poyson and venemous drinks and being taken in Wine it will by the sent expell all wilde Beastes from any one and it doth also resist and 〈◊〉 â—way the sent or smell of Serpents by which they follow men to destroy them Whomsoeuer doth annoint his body all ouer with the tallow or sewet of the raines or kidny of a Lyon shall by the sent and sauor thereof expell and driue away from him all Wolues how greedy and rauenous soeuer they be A man being throughly annointed with the greace of a Lyon being melted doeth driue away from him and put to flight any liuing creature whatsoeuer and also venemous and poysonous Serpents themselues Rasis If any wilde beast bee annointed with the tallow or sewet of a Lyon which is dissolued and clarified he shall neiâ—her be troubled with the stinging of Flies or Bees The fat or greace of a lyon being mingled with Oyle of Roses doth keepe the skinne of the face free from all blastings and blemishes being annointed thereupon and doth also preserue the whitenesse thereof and being mingled with Snow Water doth heale any flesh which is burnt or scortched vpon a man and doth also cure the swelling of the ioynts The sewet or faâ— of a lyon being mingled with other oyntments and annointed vpon the places of either man or woman who haue any blemishes in any part of their bodies doth presently expel the same The same vertue hath the dung or durt of a lion being mixed with the aforesaid vnguent The greace of a lyon being dissolued and presently againe conglutinated together and so being annointed vppon the body of those who are heauy and sadde it will speedily exteâ—pate all sorrow and griefe from their heartes The same also being mixed with the marrow of an Hart and with lettice and so beaten and bruised and afterwards mingled altogether is an excellent remedy against the shrinking of the Nerues and sinewes and the aches of the bones and knuckels about the legges being annointed thereon The greace of a lyon by it selfe onely mixed with a certaine ointment is also very profitable to expell the gout The same being mingled with Oyle of Roses doth ease and help those which are troubled daiely with Agues and quartan Feauers The same also being dissolued and poured into the eares of any one which is troubled with any paine in them will presently free him from the same There is also in this lyons Greace another excellent vertue which is this that if the â—aw-bone of any one be swelled and annointed ouer with this greace being melteâ— it will very speedily auoide the paine thereof The fat or sewet of a Lyon being melted and mixed with certaine other thinges and so ministred vnto any one that is troubled with the wringing of the bowels and bloody flix in the same manner as a glister is vsed is commended for an excellent remedie for the same The same also being mingled with a certaine oyle and warmed together and anointed vpon the head of any one whose haire doth sâ—ed or is troubled with the Foxes euill Galen doth immediatly helpe and cure the same The seede of a Hare being mixed with the fat of a Lyon and annointed vpon the priuy members of any one will stirre and incitate them vp to lust how chast soeuer they shall be The fatte of a Lyon mingled with the fatte of a Beare and melted together Myrepsus being anoynted vpon the belly doth allay and asswage the hardnesse thereof as also any other paine or griefe in the same The braines of a Lyon as also of a
manner of small springes which can not encrease into great riuers whereat the Panthers and Pardals vse to drinke early in a morning before it be light After they haue beene at their prey in the night time the hunters come and poure twentie or thirtie pitchers of olde sweete wine into the saide fountaine then a little way from it they lye downe and couer them selues with cloathes or with straw for their is no shelter either of tree or bushes in that Countrey In the morning the Panthers ardently thirsting and being almost dead for want of drinke come vnto the same fountaine and tasting of the wine drinke thereof great aboundance which presently falleth to worke vpon their braines for they begin first of all to leape and sport themselues vntill they be well wearied and then they lye downe and sleepe most soundly at which time the hunters that lye in waite for them come and take them without all feare or perill Thus farre Oppianus Vse of their parts Concerning the vse of their seuerall partes I finde little among the auncientes except of their skinnes for the foote-men and auncient souldiers of the Moores did not onely weare them for garments but also sleept vpon them in the night time The shepheards of Ethiopia called Agriophagi doe eate the flesh of Lyons and Panthers although it be hot and dry The medicines of the Panther or Leopard Auicenna If the skinne or hide of a Leopard being taken and flead be couered or laid vppon the ground there is such force and vertue in the same that any venemous or poison some serpentes dare not approch into the same place where it is so laid The flesh of a Panther being roasted or boiled at the fire and smelled by any one which is troubled with the palsie Albertus or shaking in the ioyntes as also by them which are troubled with the bearing and continuall mouing or turning of the heart is a very profitable and excellent remedy for the same The same fat or sewet of a Leopard being mixed or mingled with the Oyle which proceedeth from the Bay-tree and then mollified both together and so annointed vpon any one which is troubled with the scurfe or Mangy the scabs whereof doth cut or pierce the skinne Rasis doth presently and without any griefe or paine cure the same The twigges of a Vine-tree being dryed and beaten into small dust or powder and mingled together with the fat or grease of a Leopard and so annointed vppon the face of any one who is grieued with akings and swellinges thereon will not onely cure and heale the same without any paine or sorrow Arcteus Galen but also preserue the same free from blemishes in the time of healing The grease also of a Leopard by it selfe being annointed vpon the head of any one who doth shead or cast his haire or is troubled with the Foxes euill doth immediately helpe and cure the same The blood of a Panther being annointed vpon the vaines or sinnewes of either man or woman who is grieued with any swelling or akings therein is very profitable and curable to expell the same away The braines of a Leopard being mingled with a little quantity of the water which is called a Canker and with a little Iasmine and so mixed together and then drunke doth mittigate the paine or ach of the belly The braines of the same beast being mixed with the iuyce of a canker annointed vpon the genital of any man doth incitate and stir him vp to lechery but the marrow which commeth from this beast being drunke in wine doth ease the paine or wringing of the guts and the belly The gall of a Panther being receiued into the body either in meate or drinke doth instantly and out of hand kill or poyson him which doth so receiue it The right stone of a Leopard being taken of a woman of a farre spent age doth restore vnto her her menstruall purgation being ceased and doth make her to purge if she doe hartely receiue hir meate more often OF THE POEPHAGVS THere is a beast in India called Poephagus because he feedeth vpon hearbes and grasse like a Horse whose quantity he doth exceede double for he is twice so big his taile is most thicke and blacke the haires whereof are thinner then the haires of a mans head and therefore the Indian women make great account of them for with them they binde vp their own haire platting it and folding it in curious manner euery haire is two cubites in length and vpon one roote twenty or thirty of them grow togither this great beast is one of the fearefullest creatures in the World for if he perceiue himselfe to be but looked at of any body he taketh him to his heeles as fast as he can goe and yet although his heart bee light his heeles be heauy for saith my Author Magis studiose quam celeriter fugam peragit That is He hath a good will to run apace but cannot performe it but if he be followed vpon good swift Horsses or with nimble Dogges so as he perceiueth they are neare to take him and he by no meanes can auoyde them then doth hee turne himselfe hiding his taile and looketh vppon the face of the hunter with some confidence gathering his wits together yet in fearefull manner as it were to face out his pursuer or hunter that he had no taile and that the residue of his body were not worth looking after but while he standeth staring on his hunter another commeth behinde him and killeth him with a speare so they take off the skinne and the taile and throw away the flesh as vnprofitable Aelianus for the other recompence their labour for their paines Volateranus relateth this a little otherwise and saith that the beast biteth off his owne taile and so deliuereth himselfe from the hunter knowing that he is not desired for any other cause Nicolaus Venetus an Earle writing of the furthest part or prouince of Asia Aene. Silui which hee calleth Macinum and I thinke he meaneth Serica because hee saith it lyeth betwixt the Mountaines of India and Cathay there are a generation of white and blacke Oxen which haue Horsses tailes but reaching downe to their heeles and much rougher The haires whereof are as thinne as the feathers of flying Birds these he saith are in great estimation for the Knights and Horse-men of that Countrey doe weare them vpon the top of their lances and speares for a badge or cognisance of honor the which I thought fitte to bee remembred in this place because I take them to bee either the same with these Indian beasts or very like vnto them The Porcuspine or Porcupine I Can not learne any name for this beast among the Hebrewes and therefore by probabilitie it was vnknowne to them The Graecians call it Acanthocoiros and Hystrix The seuerall names Bellonius that is sus setosa a hairy or bristly or thorny hogge for
be no appearance of these vpon their tongue then the chap-man or buyer pulleth of a bristle from the backe and if blood follow it is certaine that the Beast is infected and also such cannot well stand vppon theyr hinder legs Their taile is very round For remedy hereof diuers daies before their killing they put into their wash or swill some ashes especially of Hasell trees But in France and Germany it is not lawfull to sel such a Hogge and therefore the poore people do onely eat them Howbeit they cannot but engender euill humours and naughty blood in the body The rootes of the bramble called Ramme beaten to powder and cast into the holes where swine vse to bath themselues do keepe them cleare from many of these diseases and for this cause also in ancient time they gaue them Horse-flesh sodden and Toads sodden in water to drinke the broath of them The Burre pulled out of the earth without yron is good also for them if it be stamped and put into milk and so giuen them in their wash They giue their Hogges heere in Englande red-lead red-Oker and in some places red-loame or earth And Pliny saith that he or she which gathereth the aforesaid Burre must say this charme Haec est herba argemon Quam minerua reperit Suibas his remedium Qui de illa gustauerint At this daie there is great-praise of Maiden-haire for the recouery of swine also holy Thistle and the root of Gunhan and Harts tongue Of leannesse or pyning SOmetime the whole heard of swine falleth into leannes and so forsake their meat yea although they be brought forth into the fielde to feede yet as if they were drunke or weary they lie downe and sleepe all the day long For cure whereof they must be closely shutte vp into a warme place and made to fast one whole day from meat and water and then giue them the roots of wilde Cucumber beaten to powder and mixed with Water let them drinke it and afterward giue them beanes pulse or any drie meat to eat and lastlie warme water to procure vomit as in men whereby their stomackes are emptyed of al thinges both good and bad and this remedy is prescribed against all incertaine diseases the cause whereof cannot be discerned and some in such cases doe cut off the tops of the tailes or their eares for there is no other vse of letting these beastes bloode in theyr vaines Of the Pestilence THese beasts are also subiect to the Pestilence by reason of earth-quakes sudden infections in the aire and in such affection the beast hath sometime certaine bunches or swellings about the necke then let them be seperated and giue them to drinke in water the roots of Daffadill Quatit agros tussis anhela sues Ac faucibus angit obesis tempore pestis Some giue them night shade of the wood which hath great stalkes like cherry twiggs the leaues to be eaten by them against all their hot diseases and also burned snailes or Pepper-woort of the Garden or Lactuca foetida cut in peeces sodden in water and put into their meate Of the Ague IN auncient time Varro saith that when a man bought a Hogge he couenaunted with the seller that it was free from sicknes from danger that he might buy it lawfully that it had no maunge or Ague The signes of an Ague in this beast are these WHen they stop suddenly standing stil and turning their heads about fal downe as it were by a Megrim then you must diligently marke their heads which way they turne them that you may let them bloode on the contrary eare and likewise vnder their taile some two fingers from their buttockes where you shall finde a large veine fitted for that purpose which first of all we must beat with a rodde or peece of wood that by the often striking it may be made to swell and afterwardes open the saide veine with a knife the blood being taken away their taile must be bound vp with Osier or Elme twigges and then the swine must be kept in the house a day or two being fed with Barly meale and receiuing warme water to drinke as much as they will Of the Crampe VVHen swine fall from a great heat into a sudden colde which hapneth when in their trauel they suddenly lie downe through wearinesse they fall to haue the Crampe by a painefull convulsion of their members and the best remedye thereof is for to driue them vp and downe till they wax warme againe and as hot as they were before and then let them bee kept warme stil and coole at great leisure as a horsse doth by walking otherwise they perish vnrecouerably like Calues which neuer liue after they once haue the crampe Of Lice THey are many times so infested and annoied with lice that their skinne is eaten and gnawne through thereby for remedy whereof some annoint them with a confection made of Cream Butter and a great deale of salt Others again annoint them after they haue washed them all ouer with the Leeze of wine and in England commonly the country people vse staues-aker red-Oaker and grease Of the Lefragey BY reason that they are giuen much to sleepe in the summer time they fall into Lethargies and die of the same the remedy whereof is to keepe them from sleepe and to Wake them whensoeuer you finde them asleepe Of the head-aches THis disease is cald by the Graecians Scotomia and Kraura and by Albertus Fraretis herewith all swine are many times infected and their eares fall downe their eies are also deiected by reason of many cold humors gathered together in their head whereof they die in multitudes as they do of the pestilence and this sickenesse is fatal vnto them if they be not holpen within three or foure daies The remedie whereof if their be anie at al is to hold Wine to their Nostrils first making them to smel thereof and then rubbing it hard with it and some giue them also the roots of white Thistle cut smal and beaten into their meat but if it fall out that in this paine they loose one of their eies it is a signe that the beast wil die by and by after as Pliny and Aristotle write Of the gargarisme This disease is called by the Latins Raucelo and by the Graecians Brancos which is a swelling about their chaps ioyned with Feauer and Head-ach spredding it selfe all ouer the throat like as the squinancy doth in a man and many times it begetteth that also in the swine which may be knowne by the often moouing of their feet and then they dy with in three daies for the beast cannot eat being so affected and the disease creepeth by little and little to the liuer which when it hath touched it the beast dieth because it putrifieth as it passeth For remedy hereof giue vnto the beast those things which a man receiueth against the squinancy and also let him blood in the root of his tongue I mean in
the veine vnder the tongue bathing his throate with a great deale of hot Water mixed with Brimstone and salt This disease in hogges is not knowne from that which is called Struma or the Kinges euill at the first appearance as Aristotle and Pliny write the beginning of this disease is in the Almonds or kernels of the throate and it is caused through the corruption of water which they drinke for the cure wherof they let them bloud as in the former disease and they giue them the yarrow with the broadest leaues There is a hearbe called Herba impia all hoary and outwardly it looketh like Rosemary some say it is so called because no beast will touch it this being beaten in peeces betwixt two tiles or stones groweth marueilous hot the iuyce thereof being mixed in milke and Wine and so giuen vnto the Swyne to drink cureth them of this disease and if they drinke it before they be affected therewith they neuer fal into it and the like is attributed to the hearb Trimity and Viola Martia likewise the blew flowers of Violets are commended for this purpose by Dioscorides Of the kernels THese are little bunches rising in the throate which are to bee cured by letting bloud in the shoulder and vnto this disease belongeth that which the Germans cal Rangen and the Italians Sidor which is not contagious but very dangerous for within two daies the beast doth dye thereof if it bee not preuented this euill groweth in the lower part or chap of the swines mouth where it doth not swel but waxing white hardeneth like a peece of horne through paine whereof the beast cannot eate for it is in the space betwixt the sore and hinder teeth the remedy is to open the Swines mouth as wide as one can by thrusting into it a round bat then thrust a sharp needle through the same sore and lifting it vp from the gum they cut it off with a sharp knife and this remedy helpeth many if it be taken in time some giue vnto them the roots of a kind of Gention to drinke as a speciall medicine which the Germans for that cause cal Rangen crute but the most sure way is the cutting it off and like vnto this there is such another growing in the vpper chappe of the mouth and to be cured by the same remedy the cause of both doth arise from eating of their meate ouer hot and therefore the good Swineheard must labour to auoid that mischiefe the mischiefe of this is described by Virgill Hinc canibus blandis rabies venit quatit aegros Tussis anhela sues as faucibus angit abesis Of the paine in their lunges FOr all maner of pain in their lungs which come by the most part from want of drink are to haue lung-wort stamped and giuen them to drinke in water or else to haue it tyed vnder their tongues two or three daies together or that which is more probable because it is dangerous to take it inwardly to make a hole in the eare and to thrust it into the same tying it fast for falling out and the same vertue hath the roote of the white Hellibor but the diseases of the lunges are not very dangerous and therefore the Butchers saith that you shall sildome find a Swyne with sound lungs or Liuers sometime it falleth out that in the lightes of this beast there wil be apparant certain white spots as big as halfe a Wallnut but without danger to the beast sometimes the lightes cleaue to the ribs and and sides of the beast for remedy whereof you must giue them the same medicines that you giue vnto Oxen in the same disease Sometimes there appeare certaine blathers in the liuer of water which are called water-gals sometimes this is troubled with vomiting and then it is good to giue them in the morning fryed pease mingled with dust of Iuory and brused salt fasting before they go to their pastures Of the diseases in the Spleene BY reason that this is a deuouring beast and through want of Water it is many times sicke of the Spleene for the cure whereof you must giue them Prewnes of Tameriske pressed into water to be drunke by them when they are a thirst this disease commeth for the most part in the summer when they eat of sweet and greene fruites according to this verse Strata iacent passim seuia quaeque sub arbore porna The vertue of these Prewnes of Tameriske is also very profitable agaynst the diseases of the Melte and therefore it is to be giuen to men as well as to Beastes for if they do but drinke out of pots and cups made out of the wood of the tree Tameriske they are easily cleared from all diseases of the Spleene and therefore in some Countries of this great tree they make hog-troughes and mangers for the safegard of their beastes and where they grow not great they make pots and cups And if a Hog do eat of this Tameriske but nine daies together at his death hee shall be found to bee without a Spleene as Marcellus writeth When they become loose in their bellies which happeneth to them in the spring time by eating of greene Hearbes they either fall to bee leane or else to dye when they cannot easily make water by reason of some stoppage or sharpnesse of Vrin they may be eased by giuing vnto them spurge-seed And thus much for the diseases of Swine For conclusion whereof I will adde heereunto the length of a Swynes life according to Aristotle and Pliny if it be not cut off by sicknesse or violent death for in their daies they obserued that Swyne did liue ordinarily to fifteene yeares and some of them to twenty And thus much for the natvre of Swyne in generall The medicines of the Hogge The best remedy for the bitings of venomous Serpents is certainly beleeued to be this to take some little creatures Aâ—â—us as pigs Cocks Kyds or Lambes and teare them in pieces applying them whiles they are hot to the wound as soone as it is made for they will not only expell away the poyson but also make the wound both whole and sound For the curing of Horsses which are troubled with the inflammation of the lungs Take a sucking pig and kill him neare vnto the sicke horse that you may instantly poure the blood thereof into his iawes and it wil proue a very quick and speedy remedy The panch of a sucking pig being taken out and mingled with the yolke which sticketh to the inner parts of the skin Marcellus and moystned both together doth very much ease the paine of the teeth being poured into that eare â—n which side the griefe shall lye The liquor of swines flesh being boiled doth very much help against the Buprestis The same is also a very good antidote against poyson and very much helpeth those which are troubled with the gout Cheese made of Cowes milke being very old so that it can scarce be eaten