whan the blud is vaporous Thirdly whan it is hotte For subtile blud of whiche natural blud spiritis be engeÌ„dred resteth in the arterie but grosse blud that norisheth the meÌ„bres resteth in the veynes Lyke wyse vaporous blud is coÌ„teyned in the arterie sanguine blud in the veynes Also the hottest blud whiche of the harte the hottest meÌ„bre is engeÌ„dred digested is coÌ„teyned in the arterie the other bâ—d iÌ„ the veynes SecoÌ„dly note the veynes are opend in many meÌ„bres somtyme in the arme or in the great haÌ„de or small somtyme iÌ„ the fote somtym◠〈…〉 nose in the forheed in the lyppes somtyme vnder the tonge or iÌ„ the ruffe of the mouthe somtyme in the corners of the eies toward the forheed FroÌ„ the arme pyt to the elbowe are .v. veynes to be opend as Rasis Auicen say One is called cephalica whiche is the heed veyne the .ii. is called basilica whiche is the liuer veyne The .iii. is mediana or cardiana or nigra after Auicen or matrix after Rasis The .iiii. is assellaris The .v. is funis brachii In the lesse haÌ„de is saluatella so that in the arme in that it coÌ„teyneth the more and lesse haÌ„de are .vi. veynes to be opeÌ„d Cephalica empteth the partis aboue the necke and therfore to open hit is good for diseasis of the heed the megrym other hotte grefes or caused of hotte mattier This veyne begynneth at the shulder goth forth toward the lyft syde of the arme Basilica empteth the partes vnder the necke as froÌ„ the breaste lyuer and therfore lettyng blud of this veyne is holsome for diseases of the breast lyuer and right good in a pluresy This veyne begynneth at the arme hole and goth aloÌ„ge to the bowyng of the arme Mediana is betwene these .ii. said veines is coÌ„pact of them both for it is the braÌ„che of eche And it is eke median in vacuation for it voydeth froÌ„ al about vnder froÌ„ aboue the necke Wherfore it is the vniuersall veyne to all the body in voydyng nat vniuersall as some say bicause it begynneth at the 〈◊〉 â–ª but bicause it is the braÌ„che of cephalica and basilica Therfore if ye wold let cephalica blud and it appereth nat ye shuld rather take mediana thaâ— â—ica And like wise if ye wold let basilica blud it appereth nat ye shulde rather minishe mediana than cephalica for it agreeth better to bothe than one of them with the other Saluatella is the veyne betwene the myddell and rynge fynger more declynyng to the myddell fynger Hit begynneth of basilica This veyne is opend in the right haÌ„de for opilacion of the lyuer and in the lyft haÌ„de for opilacioÌ„ of the splene There is no reason why it shuld be so as Auicen sayth but experieÌ„ce whiche Galen fouÌ„de by a dreame as he sayth He had one in cure whose lyuer splene were stopte and he dreamed to let hym blud of this veyne so he dyd and cured the pacient This veyne is let blud puttyng the haÌ„de in warme water to engros and dilate it bicause it is subtile and that the gashe shulde nat close to soone and to make the grosse blud thynne Assellaris is vnder basilica and appereth iÌ„ byndyng the arme and like iugemeÌ„t is of it as of basilica Funis brachii is ouer cephalica orels the hyndermost bone and is of one iugemeÌ„t with cephalica Therfore as AuiceÌ„ Galen say though in openyng of veynes be vniuersal vacuacion of all the body yet nat froÌ„ al veynes egally nor like ieoê‘dy is nat in all For Rasis sayth cephalica is the surer basilica more to be feared and cardiaca is to feare but nat so moche as basilica Cephalica is surest for there is neyther senow 〈…〉 aboue nor dnder hit but vnder cardiaca is a â—owe and vpper aboue it is a subtile senowe therfore hit is to feare lest it shuld be cutte Basilica is 〈◊〉 ieoê‘dous for vnder it is an artery nere 〈◊〉 â—now a muscul Saluatella is nat ieoê‘dous and therfore the bett to open it it wold be put in warme water In the fote be .iii. veynes sciatica sophena the haÌ„me veyne These be opend whan we woll draw the blud to the lower ê‘tis as in prouokyng meÌ„struosite and the haÌ„me veyne is better than sophena or sciatica for it is nerer the matrice Sophena draweth blud froÌ„ the yard coddis matrice and sciatica froÌ„ the ancles raynes and other meÌ„bres toward mans lyft side sophena froÌ„ the matrice meÌ„bres there about tho they be branches of one veyne In the myddis of the forheed is a veyne whiche is opend for old diseasis of the face as morpheu drie scurfe scabbe for disesis of the eies but fyrst cephalica must be minished There is like wise a veyne in the nose in openyng of eche the necke must be bouÌ„de one opend after an other by byndyng the necke they wyl better appere There be veynes in the lippes whiche be opend for iÌ„postumes iÌ„ the mouthe or goÌ„mes but cephalica is first minished The .4 veines iÌ„ the ruffe of the mouth opeÌ„d auayle agaynst reumes flowyng to the tethe causyng them to ake These veynes apere playnly must be opeÌ„d whaÌ„ the mattier is digested There be veynes iÌ„ the corners of the eies toward the forhed they be opeÌ„d for disesis of the eies cephalica fyrst minished Also there be veynes vnder â—he tonge whiche are let blud for the swynalâ— â—ephalica fyrst minished The veynes in the timpuâ—s be let blud for the megrym and for great 〈◊〉 heed ache And those be the veynes that Hippoâ— Galen call iuueniles the incision of whiche maketh a maÌ„ vnable to get children Also iÌ„ the necke be veynes called guides whiche must be opend in the begynnyng of lepre and specially for stoppyng of the wynd pipes in the swynacy whiche letteth one to drawe his breath Si dolor est capitis ex potu limpha bibatur Ex potu nimio nam febris acuta creatur Si vertex capitis vel frons estu tribulentur Timpora fronsque simul moderate sepe fricentur Morella cocta necnon calidaque lauentur Here thauctor noteth .ii. thynges Fyrst A medicine for the heedach caused by driÌ„kyng if heedache come by to moche dryÌ„kyng specially of wyne or of any other dryÌ„ke that maketh folkes droÌ„ke one must drynke cold wat vpoÌ„ it whiche with it coldnes ingrosseth the fumes lifted vp letteth them to hurt the brayne The .ii. is that if the toppe of the heed or forheed be greued with to moche hete than the tympuls shulde be moderately chafed after washed with warme water that moderwort is sodde in for motherworte is colde and cooleth Temporis estiui ieiunia corpora siceant Quolibet in mense confert vomitus quoque purgat Humores nocuos stomachi lauant ambitus omnis Ver autumnus hyems estas dominatur
impostumes brede in the body or in a meÌ„bre hurt the humours flowe thervnto But Auicen assigneth an other cause that by suche slepe may chance coÌ„fraction of the meÌ„bres The cause may be as Galen sayth that slepe is vnholsome in the ague fyt for natural hete goth inward Gal. ii apho suê‘ illo In quo c. and the out ward ê‘tis waxe colde the fumes remayne vnconsumed wherby the rigour is augmented and the feuer fyt ê“longed Also by mouyng of the humours iÌ„ lettyÌ„g of blud fumes are reised vp to the senowes and braunes of the armes whiche remaynyng vnconsumed waxe colde in slepe and ingrosse in the vtter partes And therfore if one slepe iÌ„mediately after lettyng of blud they cause confraction of the senowes and braunes of tharmes Secondly he sayth that one in lettyng blud must beware that he make nat the gashe to depe lest he hurt a senowe or an arterie strynge vnder the veyne for hurtyng of a senowe causeth a mortal crampe or losse of a meÌ„bre as an arme or a fynger and hurt of an arteri strynge causeth bledyng vncurable The .iiij. is one ought nat to eate iÌ„mediatly aft he is let blud but he must tary tyll the humors in hym be in qete lest the meate er hit be digested be drawen together with the blud to succour the hurt membre Omnia de lacte vitabis rite minute Et vitet potum fleubothomatus homo Frigida vitabit quia sunt inimica minutis Interdictus erit minutis nubilus aer Spiritus exultat minutis luce per auras subtile to ruÌ„ne through out al the body outcept the matter be furious The .ii. is abuÌ„dance of the mattâ—er for GaleÌ„ sayth on the aphorisme Inchoantilus morbis c. that it is than behoueful to be let blud or take a medicine laxatiue to alleuiate nature loded with abuÌ„dance of mattier The .iii. is greatnes sharpenes of the sickenes as whan there is a great an acheful impostume though the mattier be lyttel Gal. xiii 〈…〉 For GaleÌ„ sayth if the impostume be great ye must let blud at the begynnyng though there be but lyttel mattier lest it breke or open er it be rype therfore to eschewe many incoÌ„uenieÌ„ces blud lettyng must be done 〈◊〉 is so 〈…〉 eyther to 〈◊〉 or deth 〈◊〉 The .ii. rule is that blud lettyÌ„g may nat be done on the day of mocioÌ„ of the sickenes as in crisis nor no other vacuacion nor diuertyng of mattier froÌ„ the place that nature sendeth it to Nor like wise in the ague fyt For Galen sayth .i. aph that whaÌ„ the sickenes is in hit estate neyther blud lettyng nor laxatiue shulde be done for than the matter rypeth whiche rypeth better by quietnes thaâ—â—rryng The .iii. rule is that lettyng of blud shuld nat be done in begyÌ„nyng of the sickenes whan crisis is remoued for Isaac saith in his boke of vrins that though the hart be the engeÌ„drer of the blud spiritis yet the blud is fundacioÌ„ of natural hete susteyneth hit for hete is naturally therof engendred and therfore one voydyng blud voydeth hete whiche shulde digest the mattier of the sickenes and so coÌ„sequently the sickenes is proloÌ„ged strengthe weaked And therfore hit is to drede lest through lengthynge of the sickenes and weakyng of the streÌ„gthe nature shuld fayle The .iiii. rule is that the body hauyng dregges or filth iÌ„ the guttis shuld nat be let blud The cause is there be .iii. thyÌ„ges that draw to them hete emptynes all the shap nowe the veynes eÌ„pted by lettyng of blud dawe to them froÌ„ the next meÌ„bres as the guttis stomake wherby that bealy is indurated the mattier in the veynes more infected the miseraike draweth the humidites of the ordeurs the ordeurs are dried the more therfor ye must fyrst mollifie the bealy with clisters or suppositories except it waxe laxatiue alone The .v. rule is That lettyng of blud shulde nat be moche vsed for by oft vsyng therof one waxyng olde falleth in to dyuers diseases as epilencie apoplexie and palsey for by remouyng of the blud hete many flematike suê‘fluites are engendred that cause these diseases The .vi. rule is that a woman meÌ„struate or with childe shuld nat be let blud A womaÌ„ with childe shuld nat for therby the hete that digesteth meate is diminâ— and the foode of that that she goth with taken away specially whan it that she goth with waxeth great for thaÌ„ it nedeth more foode This sayth Hippocrates .v. aph whaÌ„ the menstruosite kepeth due curse voydeth naturally inough lettyÌ„g of blud shuld nat be done but whan it voydeth to moche than to diuert the mattier it must be done for nature wolde nat be let of her operacion The .vii. rule is that after the colerike passion one shuld nat be let blud for bi reason that lettyng of blud sturreth vp the humors a colerike on the right side of the body staÌ„deth the meÌ„bre that engendreth blud that is the lyuer and the receptacle of coler the galle AutuÌ„ne engeÌ„dreth melancoly whiche is gethered to gether nat resolued by wenter therfore in verÌ„ and wynter those veynes shuld be let blud in whiche melaÌ„coly hath dominion whiche be the lyft side veynes for the splen is on the lyft syde of the body whiche is the receptacle of melaÌ„coly Secondly he sayth that these .iiii. meÌ„bres the heed the hart the fote and the lyuer after the .iiii. seasons of the yere must be empted the hart in verÌ„ the lyuer in somer the heed iÌ„ wynter and the fote in autumne Dat saluatella tibi plurima dona minuta Purgat epar splenem pectus precordia vocem Innaturalem tollit de corde dolorem Here he toucheth .vi. coÌ„modites that come by lettyng blud of the veyâ—e called saluatella hit is the veyne on the backe of the haÌ„de betwene the myddyll fynger rynge fynger Fyrst it purgeth the lyuer SecoÌ„dly it cleÌ„setâ—â—ene Thyrdly it muÌ„difieth the breast Fourthly hit preserueth the stomakes mouthe froÌ„ hurt Fyftly hit doth away hurt of the voyce Sixtly hit doth away vnnaturall ache of the hart The reason of all these coÌ„modites is bicause the forsayd veyne auoydeth blud froÌ„ al these places as after it shall appere For a more ample declaracion hit is to witte that in lettyng of blud other while the veynes be opend and somtyme the arteries The openyÌ„g of the arterie is daÌ„gerous the chiefe cause hereof is the ouermoche bledyng whiche is caused .ii. ways One is through ferueÌ„t hete of the arterie blud for a hotte thyng is soone mouable delateth openeth the arterie and therfore hit helpeth moche to voyde the blud in lettyng blud the arterie The .ii. cause is mobilite of the arterie and therfore the wouÌ„de or gashe in it is slowlier healed for wouÌ„des without rest can nat heale Yet this lettyÌ„g of blud is holsome .iii. maner wise Fyrst whan there is abuÌ„daÌ„ce of subtile blud iÌ„ the body SecoÌ„dly
hit ronneth by the nose it is called corisa whan hit ronnethe to the necke hit is called branchus But this worde reume dothe note signifie generally all maner of mattier flowyng from one membre to an other Auripigmentum sulphur miscere memento His decet apponi calcem commisce saponi Quattuor hec misce commixtis quatuor istis Fistula curatur quater ex his si repleatur Here the auctour putteth a curable medicine for the fistule For the fistule sayenge that a playster made of auripigmentum brymstone white lyme sope myngled to gether healeth the fistule For these thyngis haue vertue to drie and mundifie whiche ententions are requisite in healynge a fistule Platearie sayth auripigmentum is hotte and drie in the .iiij. degree it dissolueth and drawethe consumethe and mundifieth Brymstone and sope as he sayth are hotte drie but brymstone is more vehemente for hit is hotte and drie in the .iiij. degree but sope is nat Auicen saythe that lyme washed drieth without mordicatioÌ„ and makethe steddye The fistule is a rounnynge sore whiche auoydeth mattier more or lesse after the diuersite and course of the moone AuripigmeÌ„tum is that the grauers fasteÌ„ bras other mettals with to stones Ossibus ex denis bis sentenisque nouenis Constat homo denis bis dentibus et duodenis Ex tricentenis decies sex quinqueque venis For the 〈◊〉 Here thauctour nombreth the bones tethe and veynes in mans body Fyrste of bones he saythe there be CCxix bones Yet after the doctours of phisike as Hippocrates Galen Rasis Auerroys and AuiceÌ„ the bones in maÌ„ be CCxlviij And though herin be variance yet there is a mayster of phisicke that saythe Ossa ducenta sunt atque quater duodena Secondly thauctour sayth that a man most coÌ„monly shulde haue .xxxij. tethe The noÌ„bre of tethe But yet hit chanceth that some men lacke .iiij. the laste tethe whiche be behynde them that we call the grynders these haue but .xxviij. tethe Some lacke these iiij laste tethe in childe hod only some other lacke them tyl they be very olde and some all their life Aui i. doct v. cap. de anoth deÌ„denttum Here is to be noted that after Auicen the .ij. formost tethe be called duales and .ij. on either side of these twayne are called quadrupli There be .ij. in the vpper iawe and .ij. in the nether al these tethe were ordeined to cutte and therfore some cal them cutters and speciallye the duales Nexte vnto those quadruples are .ij. tethe aboue and .ij. benethe called canini whose office is to breake harde thingis After those be .iiij. other on either side called grynders .iiij. aboue and .iiij. beneth After those some haue a tothe called sensus on either syde and as well aboue as benethe These also are ordeyned to grynde mans meate And so the holle nombre of the tethe is .xxxij. orels .xxviij. in them that haue nat the tethe called sensus There is than .iiij. duales iiii quadruples .iiij. dogge tethe .xvj. grinders .iiij. sensus Thyrdly the text saith that there is in maÌ„ CCClxv veynes as appereth in the anothamie Quatuor huâ—ores in humano corpore constant Sanguis cum colera flegma melancolia Terra melan aqua fleg et aer sanguis coler ignis Here the auctour declarethe the .iiij. humours in man as bludde fleme coler and melancoly And shewynge the nature and complexion of them he compareth eche to one of the .iiij. elementes Melancoly is colde and drye so coÌ„pared to the erthe whiche is of lyke nature Fleme is colde moyst and so coÌ„pared to water Bludde is hotte moist and so compared to the aier Coler is hotte drie and so compared to fyre These thynges are declared in these verses Humidus est sanguis calet est yis aeris illi Alget humet flegma sic illi yis sit aquosa Sicca calet colera sic igni fit similata Melancolia friget siccat quasi terra Aui i. doct iiii cap. i. For a farther knowlege wittethe well that after AuiceÌ„ there be .iiij. humours in maÌ„s body blud fleme coler and melancoly as is sayde The best of them is blud fyrst by reason hit is the mattier of mans spiritis in whom consistethe mans lyfe and operations Secondly bicause hit is comfortable to the principles of lyfe hit is temperatlye hotte and moyste Thyrdly bicause hit restoreth and nourisheth the body more than the other humours and it is called the treasure of nature for if hit be loste dethe foloweth forth with Nexte to bludde in goodnes is fleme Fyrst by reason that if nede be hit is apte to be tourned in to bludde Secondly bicause hit is very nere like humidite whiche is as fuÌ„datioÌ„ of lyfe After fleme in goodnes is coler whiche is partner with natural hete so longe as it kepeth conuenient measure Than foloweth melancoly as dregges and durte remoued aparte from the principles of lyfe ennemy to ioye and liberalite and of nere kynred to age and dethe Secondly note that in the diuision of humours there is .ij. kyndes of blud that is to say naturall vnnaturall Naturall blud is ruddye that is to saye veyne bludde ruddye and obscure and arterie bludde ruddye and clere without yll sauour and in comparison of other humours is very swete Unnaturall is double the one is vnnaturall in qualite that is to say whiche is chaÌ„ged from good coÌ„plexion in it selfe orels by mynglyÌ„ge of an other humour There is an other vnnaturall bludde whiche throughe mynglynge of other humours is yll bothe in qualite substance quantite and in proportion of the one to the other And this is double for the one is nat naturall by mynglyng of an yll humour that cometh to hym from without The other is vnnaturall by mynglynge of an yll humour engendred in the selfe blud as whan parte of the blud is putrified and the subtile parte therof is tourned in to coler and the grosse part in to melancoly orels that coler or that melaÌ„coly orels both remayneth in the blud And this vnnaturall bloud by mynglynge of an yll humour varieth from naturall bludde many wayes Fyrst in substance for hit is grosser and fouler sith melaÌ„coly is myngled therwith orels hit is more subtile whan wattrishenes or citrine coler is myngled therwith Secondlye in colour for some tyme whan fleme is myngled therwith hit enclineth to whitenes or through melancolye to blackenes Thirdly in sauour for by mynglyÌ„g of putrified humours hit is more stynkynge orels by mynglynge of rawe humours hit hath no sauour Fourthly in talage for by mynglyng of coler hit enclineth to bitternes and by melancoly to sowernes or by fleme to vnsauerynes Also of fleme there be .ij. kyndes naturall vnnaturall Naturall is that whiche within a certeyne space wyll be bloudde for fleme is vndigested bloudde There is an other spice of fleme whiche is swete and some what warme if hit be compared
to the bodily hete But comparynge hit to ruddye blud and coler hit is colde Fleme is naturally whyte and this is called swete fleme extendynge this name swete to all the talages delitynge the taste for other wise this natural fleme is nat swete but vnsauery and watrishe and very nere the talage of water And to this fleme nature hath nat gyuen a ê“pre mansion as she hath done to coler and melancoly but nature maketh it ronne with the bloud for it hath a very nere similitude to bloud And of this fleme there be .ij. necessites and one vtilite The fyrste necessite is that hit be nere the membres so that theyr vertue maye digeste and turne hit in to bloudde and that the membres by hit may be nourished whan they haue loste theyr naturall foode that is for to saye good bloudde throughe restrynte of material bloud whiche restreynt is caused of the stomake lyuer through some causes accidentall The .ij. necessite is that hit myngle with the bloud and make hit apte to nourishe the meÌ„bres of flematike complexion as the brayne and nuche for that that must noryshe these meÌ„bres must be well myngled with fleme The vtilite of fleme is that hit moyst the ioyntes and membres that moue moche leste they waxe drie through the heate that cometh of theyr mouynge and rubbynge Vnnaturall fleme may be deuided Fyrste in hit substance so some therof is muscillaginosuÌ„ and that is fleme to ones semynge diuerse for in some parte it is subtile and thynne and in some other grosse and thycke it is called muscilaginosuÌ„ bicause hit is lyke muscilages draweÌ„ out of sedes There is an other fleme that appereth egall in substance that is in subtilite grossenes to ones demynge but for a trouth hit is diuers in euery parte this is named rawe fleme And this encreasethe in the stomake and entrayles And to auoyde hit out of the stomake Hippocrates byddethe vs spue twyse a monethe and to voide hit out of the guttis nature hath ordeyned coler to runne from the chest of the gall to the entrayle ieiuniuÌ„ so forthe to the other lower guttis to scoure away that fleme from the brymmes of the entrayles and to cause hit to discende downe with the other dregges and fylthe Some tyme this fleme is encreased in the veynes specially of olde folkes by minishyng of theyr digestioÌ„ and there remaynynge is by lyttell littell augmented and engrossed hurtynge nature whiche can nat by the veynes therto ordeyned voyde hit out yet it doth that is possible to kepe it from the harte and other inwarde membres and driueth it to the outwarde membres and specially to the legges for by hit heuynes hit naturally draweth to the lower partis of man And this is the cause why olde folkes legges are swollen that if one presse downe his fynger therin there taryethe a hole specially towarde night and in fatte folkes suche as were wonte to be nourished with moyst meates There is an other spice of fleme verye subtile wattrishe lyke vnto water some what thicke This fleme is verye often myngled with theyr spittyll that haue yll digestion and of those that be great drinkers it runneth from the brayne to the nose as hit is wonte in the begynnynge of the pose and whan by decoction and boylynge in man hit cometh grosse hit is turned in to fleme grosse white and muscillage There is an other fleme grosse and white called gipseum the subtile partis of this fleme is dissolued through it longe bydynge in the iointis and the grossenes therof remaineth in the ioyntis as harde as stones This fleme engeÌ„drethe a goute vncurable There is an other fleme thycke and grosse lyke to molt glasse in colour claÌ„mynes and weight Secondly vnnaturall fleme differethe in talage for there is certayne fleme that is swete whiche is by mynglynge of bludde with fleme And vnder this is conteyned the vnctuous fleme whiche is engendred by mynglynge of vnctuous bloud and fleme There is an other maner of vnsauerye fleme caused of rawnes as certeyne glassy fleme There is an other salte fleme caused by mynglynge of coler And this is more bytynge drier and lyghter thaÌ„ any other fleme through the coler mingled therwith whiche is drie lyght and sharpe And this fleme is ofte founde in theyr stomakes that be flematike that drinke moche stronge wyne and that vse salte and sharpe meates and cleuynge to the stomakes causeth other whyle thyrst intollerable and runnyng by the guttis hit some tyme fleeth them and causethe the bluddy mensyn in the fundemeÌ„t ofte tymes induceth stronge â—o stiuenes There is an other fleme that is sharpe by mynglynge of sharpe melancolye therwith and some tyme throughe boylynge of fleme as hit chanceth in the swete ieuses of frutes that fyrste boyle and after waxe ripe And this fleme appereth oftner in theyr stomakes that digest yll than in other partis For naturally coler floweth to the mouthe of the stomake to stere vp thappetite whiche desceÌ„dyng downewarde some tyme myngled with fleme maketh it sower and this is ê‘ceyued by sower belchynges And other whyle this fleme is engendred in the stomake by boylyÌ„g with a weake heate There is an other fleme called pontike whiche is some tyme caused by mynglyng of poÌ„tike melancoly But this is seldome by reason that pontike melancolye is very scarse Hit is some tyme caused throughe vehement coldnes therof wherby the moystnes therof is coÌ„ieyled and some what altered to erthynes and thervpon cometh no weake heate whiche causynge it to boyle shulde conuerte it in to sharpenes nor no stronge heate whiche digestyng hit shulde turne it in to blud There be .ij. kyndes of coler natural and vnnaturall Vnnaturall coler is the fome of blud whose coler is ruddy clere that is citrine in the laste degree of citrines as saffron heedes and hit is lyghte and sharpe and the hotter the more redde it is And after this coler is engeÌ„dred in the heed hit deuideth in two partis one parte gothe with the bloud in to the veynes the other gothe in to the purse of the galle The parte that gothe with the bloud entreth therwith bothe for necessite and profite Hit is nedefull that hit myngle with the bloud to nourishe the colerike meÌ„bres Hit is behoueful that hit make the bloud subtile and cause hit to entre in to the veynes The parte that gothe to the purse of the galle gothe eke thether for necessite and profite The necessite is double The one is nedefull for all the bodye to mundifie hit from colerike superfluites The other necessite is in respecte of the galles purse The profite also is double The one is to washe the entrayles from dregges and claÌ„my fleme cleuynge to them The other is to pricke the guttis musculs that they may fele the thynge that hurteth them and voyde all other fylthynes The profe of this is that colike chanceth oftetymes by stoppynge of the hole
that comethe from the purse of the galle to the guttis Vnnatural coler is double For one is vnnaturall throughe outwarde cause myngled there with The other is vnnaturall throughe a cause in it selfe for the substance therof is nat naturall Coler vnnaturall throughe an outwarde cause is an other knowen and famous And hit is that that fleme is myngled with And it is called famous or notable by reason hit is ofte engeÌ„dred And of this kynde of coler cometh the thyrde wel knowen There is an other that is lesse famous and that is hit wherwith melancoly is myngled Famous coler is either citrine and engendred by mynglynge of subtile fleme with naturall coler orels hit is yolkye lyke to yolkes of egges and is engeÌ„dred by mynglynge of grosse fleme with natural coler Coler of lesse fame is caused .ij. ways One is whan the coler is burned in hit selfe and turned to ashes from whiche the subtile parte of the coler is nat seperated but myngled therwith And this coler is the worste An other is whan melancoly cometh from without and mynglethe hit with the coler And this coler is better than other and is ruddye in colour hit is nat clere nor flowynge but more lyke to veyne bludde This vnnaturall coler hauynge his owne propre substaÌ„ce without mynglynge of any other humour is ofte engendred in the lyuer by reason that the subtilnes of the bloud burneth hit selfe and tourneth in to coler and grossely in to melancoly An other coler there is engendred in the stomake of yll meatis nat digested but corrupted orels it is engendred in the veynes by other humours And of this coler be .ij. kyndes For one is called coler prassiue lyke the colour of the herbe called prassion whiche is engendred of the yolkynes whan hit is burned for the burnyÌ„g causeth a yolky blackenes iÌ„ the coler whiche myngled with coler citrine engeÌ„dreth a grene coler The other is called rusty coler lyke to rusty iron it is engendred of passiue whaÌ„ prassiue is burned only tyl the humidite ther of be dried away and through hit drines begynneth to waxe white And these .ij. last colers be yll and venomous and yet rusty is the worse Lyke wyse there be .ij. kyndes of melancolye naturall and vnnaturall The naturall is the dreggis and suê‘fluite of good bloud whose talage is betwene swete and pontike And this melancoly whan hit is engendred in the lyuer is parted in .ij. partis Of whiche one entreth with the bloud and there with remayneth in the veynes The other is conueyed to the splene The fyrste parte entreth with the bloud for necessite and profite Hit is nedefull that it myngle with the bloud to norishe the melancoly colde and drie membres as the bones The vtilite is to make thycke the thynne bloud to stynte the suê‘fluous runnynge therof to make it stronge and to strengthe these membres in to whiche hit muste be conuerted The other parte that nedeth no bloud gothe to the splene both for necessite and profite The necessite is double one vniuersall throughe out the bodye to purge hit of melaÌ„colious superfluite The other is but ê‘ticular only to gouerne the splene This melaÌ„coly is also profitable for mans body for hit runnethe to the mouthe of the stomake straynynge out the humidites that hit fyndeth there as a woman straynynge a cowes dugges drawethe out the mylke This vtilite is double Fyrst hit constrayneth thycketh and comforteth the stomake Secondly by reason it moueth the mouthe of the stomake through hit egernes hit maketh one haue an appetite and lust to meate Vnnaturall melaÌ„coly is as a thynge burned or ashes in respecte of other humours Of this there are .iiij. famous kyndes though there be many nat famous The fyrst is ashes of coler and this is bytter The .ij. is ashes of fleme and if the fleme that is burned were very subtile and wattrishe than the melancoly therof engendred wyll be salte in talage But if the fleme be grosse that is burned than the ashes therof or the melancoly of hit engendred enclyneth to sowernes or pontiâ—ite The .iij. is ashes of bloud and this melancolye is laste a lyttell drawynge to swetenes The .iiij. is ashes of naturall melaÌ„coly And if natural melancoly wherof so it be be subtile thaÌ„ it will be very sower And whaÌ„ hit is caste out vpon the grounde hit boyleth and sauoureth of the aire and causeth both flies and beastis to voide the place But if the naturall melancoly be grosse the vnnaturall therof ingeÌ„dred shall nat be so sower Natuta pingues isti sunt atque locantes Semper rumores cupiunt audiâ—e frequentes Hos venus et Bacchus delectant fercula risus Et facit hos hytares et dulcia verba loquentes Omnibus hi studiis abiles sunt et magis apti Qualibet ex causa nec hos leuiter mouet ira Largus amans hylaris ridens rubeique coloris Cantans carnosus satis audax atque benignus Sanguine folkes This texte techeth vs to knowe sanguine folkes Fyrst a sanguine persone is naturally fatte But we may nat vnderstande that sanguine folkes be proprely fatte for that is a token of a colde complexion AuiceÌ„ ii.i doct iii. cap. iii. as saythe Auicen But they be fatte and fleshye with all for fatte in sanguine persones is taken for fleshye Auicen saythe that abundance of ruddy fleshe and styffe signifieth a hotte and a moyst coÌ„plexioÌ„ as a sanguine ê‘son is For thabuÌ„dance of ruddy fleshe wytnesseth fortitude of vertue assimilatiue and multitude of bloud the worke and waxe by heate and moysture as witnessethe Galen sayenge Thabundance of fleshe is engeÌ„dred by abundance of bloud For heate perfectlye digestynge and the lyke vertue to fleshe makethe the fleshe faste styffe Also Auicen saythe euery fleshye body without abundance of fat grece is sanguine Galen ii â—egni Wherto Galen asseÌ„teth Secondly the sanguine person is mery and iocunde that is to say with mery wordes he moueth other to laugh orels he is gladde throughe benignite of the sanguine humour ê“uokynge a man to gladnes and iocuÌ„dite through clere perfect spirites engeÌ„dred of bloud Thyrdly he gladly hereth fables mery sportis for the same cause Fourthlye he is enclyned to lecherie through heate and moystnes prouokynge to carnall copulation Fyftly he gladlye drinketh good wyne Sixtlye he delyteth to fede on good meate by reason the sanguine ê‘sone desyrethe the mooste lyke to his complexion that is good wynes and good meates Seuenthlye he laugheth lyghtly for bloud ê“uoketh to laughyÌ„g The .viij. is the sanguine persone hath a gladsome an amiable countenance through lyuelynes of colour and fairenes of coÌ„plexion The .ix. is he speaketh swetelye throughe amiablenes of sanguine nature The .x. is he is apt to lerne any maner of science throughe lyuelynes and perspicuite of his wytte The .xj. is he is nat lyghtlye angry and this cometh through moystnes abatynge the feruour of coler prouokynge
abundance of bloud so there be signes of the abundance of other humours as in these verses folowynge Accusat coleram dextre dolor asper alingua Tinnitus vomitusque frequens vigilantia multa Multasitis pingrâ—s egestio torsioventris Naulâ— a fit morsus cordis languescit oreâ—is Pulsus 〈◊〉 est grocilis dâ—us veloâ—que calescens Aret amarescit incendi asomniâ— fingit The tokens of abundance of fleme are coÌ„teyned in these verses folowynge Flegma supergrediens proprias in corpore leges Os facit incipidum fastidia cerebra â—ilâ—as Costarum stomachi simul occipitisque dolores Pulsus adestrarus ettardus molâ—s inanis Precedit fallax fantasâ—ata somnus aquosa The signes of abundance of melancoly are conteyned in these verses folowynge Humorum pleno dum fex in corpore regnat Nigra cutis durus pulsus tenuis et â—rina Solicitudo timor et tristicia somnia tempus Accrescet rugitus sapor et sputaminis idem Leuâ—que precipue tinnit et sibilat auris Denus septenus vix fleubothomiaâ— petil annus Spiritus vbeâ—ior erit per fleubothomiam Spiritus ex potu vini mox multiplicatur Humorumque cibo damnum lente reparatur Lumina clarificat sincerat fleubothomia Mentes et cerebrum calidas facit esse medullas Viscera purgabit stomachum ventremqueâ—oerceâ— Puros dat sensus dat somnum tedia tollit Auditus vocem vires producit et auget Here thauctour speaketh of bloud letting Fyrst he sheweth what age is required to be bloud letteÌ„ sayenge At .xvij. yere of age one may be let bloud And touchynge this Galen saythe GaleÌ„ .xl. â—e iugenio that children shulde nat be let bloud oneles they be .xiiij. yere olde at lest bicause childreÌ„ bodies be sone resolued from outwarde heate and therfore by voydynge of bloud they shulde be greatlye weaked Also for that they nede to nouryshe theyr bodies and augment them they shulde nat diminishe theyr blud And eke for that they be soone dissolued from outwarde heate hit suffiseth wherfore they nede nat to be let bloud And wittethe well that as bloud lettynge is nat conuenient for children so it is vnholsome for olde folkes as Galen saythe Gal. lx tegni For the good bloud is littell and the yll moche and bloud lettyng draweth away the good bloud leaueth the yll as Auicen saythe and therfore bloud lettynge is vncoÌ„uenient for suche persones Aui iiii i cap. x. SecoÌ„dlye he puttethe the hurte of bloud lettynge Of necessite with voidynge of bloud done by bloudde lettynge mans spiritis beynge in the bloud do grealye auoyde Thyrdlye he sheweth howe the spiritis shulde be cherished and restored and that is by drinkynge of wyne after the bloud lettyng For of all thynge to norishe quickely wyne is best as is before sayde The spiritis also be cheryshed and restored by meatis but that is nat so quickely as by wyne And the meate after bloud lettynge must be lyght of digestion and a great engendrer of bloud as rere egges and suche lyke And all thoughe meate restore the spiritis after bloud lettynge yet let the pacientes beware of moche meate the fyrste and .ij. day For Isaac saythe in dietis that they muste drynke more than eate and yet they must drynke lesse than they dyd before bloud lettynge for digestion is weaker Fourthlye the auctour putteth .xj. conueniences of bloud lettyÌ„ge duly done Fyrste temperate bloud lettynge comforteth the syghte for diminishynge of humours doth eke diminishe fumynge to the heed and the repletion therof darkynge the syght Secondelye hit clerethe and maketh pure the mynde and brayne through the same cause Thyrdly it heateth the mary for it minishethe the superfluites that therto come and cole it Fourthly it purgeth the entrayles for nature vncharged of bloud digesteth better rawe humours that be lefte Fyftly bloud lettynge restreyneth vometyng and the laske for hit diuerteth the humours from the interior partis to the outwarde specially lettyÌ„ge bloud of the armes as Auicen saith For lettyng bloud of the feet stoppeth nat so well yet ê‘chance the bloud lettynge shall augmente the laske and that .ij. wayes Fyrste by bloud lettynge nature is discharged of her burden and thaÌ„ comforted hit prouoketh other vacuations Secondly if the laske be caused by great weakenes of vertue contentiue For than for that by bloud lettynge vertue is weaked the laske is augmented The .vj. is that blud lettyng clereth the wyttis For it minisheth vaporation that gothe to the heed troublethe the wyttis The .vij. is hit helpethe one to slepe for therby many humours be voyded by whiche sharpe vapours and diuers are lyfted vp lettynge one to slepe The .viij. is hit takethe awaye tediousnes and ouer great grefe for therby vertue is vnlodeÌ„ of grefe and eke with the bloud melaÌ„coly the dregges of bloud whiche induceth tediousnes and grefe is drawen out The .ix. is hit coÌ„forteth the herynge for therby the vapours and humours ascendinge to the heed and lettyÌ„ge the herynge are diminished The .x. is hit comforteth the voyce for therby the superfluites and humidites that may come to the breaste or pype of the lyghtis and let the voyce are diminished The .xj. is hit augmentethe the strengthes for therby the body is vnladen of hit grefe wherfore vertue is augmented Tres insunt istis Maius september aprilis Et sunt lunares sunt velut ydra dies Prima dies primi postremaque posteriorum Nec sanguis minui nec carnibus anseris vti In sene vel iuuene si vene sanguine plene Omni mense bene confert incisio vene Hi sunt tres menses Maius september aprilis In quibus eminuas vt longo tempore viuas Here thauctour sayth that these .iij. Maye september aprile are the monethes of the moone and in them are dayes forbidden to let bloud that is the fyrste of Maye and laste of september and aprile Thoughe this be a coÌ„mon rule yet hit is false For the forsayde dayes maye be as good and worthy to be choseÌ„ as the other after the diuersite of constellation in them Farther the auctour saith that in those days none shuld eate goose fleshe whiche also is false erronious and very witchecraft I thynke thauctour had this sayeng of the iewes whiche obserue suche maner SecoÌ„dly he saith that men of myddell age yonge folkes whose veynes be ful of bloud may be let bloud euery moneth for those may well resist resolutioÌ„ in them is great quaÌ„tite of good bloud Thyrdly he saith that blud lettyng for mans helth must be done in one of these .iij. monthes maie septeÌ„ber aprile but yet with difference for in aprile maie the lyuer veyne muste be let bloud bicause than in vere tyme the bloud encreaseth and in septeÌ„ber in the splene veyne bicause of melancoly whiche than in autumpne encreaseth Frigida natura frigens regio dolor ingens Post lauachrum coitum minor etas atque seniles Morbâ—s prolixus repletio potus et esce Si
fragiâ—is vel subtilis sensus stomachi sit Et fastiditi tibi sunt fleubothomandi Here thauctor putteth .xij. thynges that let blud lettyng The fyrst is coldnes of complexion for as Galen saith bloud lettyng cooleth augmenteth coldnes bicause as Isaac sayth bloud is the fouÌ„dacion of natural hete and in that bloud lettyng voydeth bloud hit voydeth hete so consequeÌ„tly cooleth The .ij. is a feruent colde contrey vnder whiche a cold season shulde be coÌ„preheÌ„ded whiche also letteth bloud lettyng for in a couÌ„trey season very cold the blud is closed in the depest partis of the body and the bloud that taryeth in the vtter partis the colde maketh thycke whiche to voyde is no wisedome The .iij. is ferueÌ„t ache vnder whiche eke may be coÌ„prehended great inflaÌ„mation of the body for if one in suche accideÌ„tis be let bloud there foloweth motion agitatiue contrarie to nature and greatter inflaÌ„mation whiche weaketh nature more The cause of this motion agitatiue is attractioÌ„ to diuers partis for by bloud lettyng attraction is caused to the place that is let blud by great ache attractioÌ„ is caused to the place of ache The cause of greatter inflaÌ„macioÌ„ is that by blud lettyng the humors be moued wherby they be more inflamed And this is trouthe whan blud lettyng is lyttell artificial Yet if it be done tyl one swouÌ„d hit is holsome in the forsaide cases for this bloud lettyng whan it ouercometh the attraction of the ache it causeth nat motion agitatiue like wise it taketh awaye inflaÌ„mation whan there be no humors that shuld moue hete and cause more inflaÌ„macion This is Galens mynde sayeng Gal. in coÌ„men illius apho que egerunt there is no better medicine for an iÌ„postume of ferueÌ„t inflaÌ„mation feuers a great ache than blud lettyng The .iiij. is baynyng specially resolutiue for that letteth bloud lettyng for that were vacuatioÌ„ vpoÌ„ vacuatioÌ„ whiche nature can nat esily beare The v. is carnall copulacion for iÌ„mediately ther after one shuld nat be letteÌ„ bloud bicause of double weakyng of nature The .vi. is to olde or to yonge as it is before touched Of this Auicen sayth Take hede howe thou lettest one bloud in any of the forsaid cases outcept thou trust in the figure in solidite of the musculs largenes of the veynes the fulnes of them and ruddy colour The .vii. is longe sicknes for by suche lettyÌ„g of blud nature is doubly febled both by the loÌ„ge sickenes diminishioÌ„ This is of trouthe sayth Auicen outcept there be corrupt bloud for than bloud lettyng is holsome The .viij. is great replecion of drynke The .ix. is to eate to moche meate and vnder this is coÌ„prised meate vndigested The cause hereof as Auicen sayth is this there be .iij. thynges that drawe to them that is voydnes hete and secrete vertue or proprete Than if the veynes be empty through voydyng of bloud they drawe to them froÌ„ the stomake or lyuer vndigested or suê‘fluous meate or drynke whiche vndigested meate coÌ„men to the meÌ„bres can nat be amended that is digested for the third digestion can nat amende the faute of the .ij. nor the secoÌ„de of the fyrst if the faute be so great that hit can nat conuert into the meÌ„bres hit there remaynyÌ„g may cause some disease The .x. is feblenes Gal ii 〈…〉 for bloud lettyng is a stronge voyder as Galen sayth therfore a feble persone may nat endure great diminishyng of blud The .xi. is subtile sensiblenes of the stomakes mouthe whiche is called the hart strynge for of suche bloud lettyng swouÌ„â—yng foloweth easily And vnder this weakenes of the stomake is eke coÌ„prised and easy flowynge of coler to the mouthe therof endusyng vometyng Wherfore they that haue the forsaid accidentes shuld nat be let bloud for by bloud lettyng the humors moued be enduced to the stomakes mouthe as to a place accustomed and bicause hit is a weake an impotent membre to resiste that flixe therfore by suche lettynge of bloud many inconueniences chaÌ„ce This is one cause why many swouÌ„d whaÌ„ they be let bloud by reason the coler floweth to the stomake whiche bytynge the stomake pyneth the hart stomake so that hit causeth one to swouÌ„de The .xij. is lothyng for if in this lothynge one be let bloud whan the veynes be empty they drawe to them yll mattier causyng lothesomnes Auicen toucheth many of these .vi. last accidentis And besides the forsaid accidentis there be other that let bloud lettyng First voydyng of menstruous flixe or the emeraudes for one diseased with eyther of these shulde nat be let bloud yet it may be done to diuert the flixe or matter The .ii. is rarenes of coÌ„position for in rare bodies is moche dissolucion therfore this resolution suffiseth them without euacuation as Galen sayth .ix. teigni The .iii. is rawnes and claÌ„mynes of humours for than beware of bloud lettyng bicause it encreaseth rawenes of humours and therfore in loÌ„ge sickenes ye shuld nat let bloud for rawnes of humours encreseth strength febleth and the sickenes proloÌ„geth And therfore Auicen sayth that in longe sickenes before one is let bloub he shuld take a laxatiue although he nede bothe Rawnes of humors is caused .ii. wayes One is throughe abundance of humours chokyng naturall hete whiche chokynge bredeth rawe humours and than bloud lettynge is holsome Wherfore Alexander sayth Lettyng of bloud in the begynnyng of the dropsy is holsome Alex. ii.ii. ca. de hydroppist whan it cometh by abuÌ„dance of meÌ„struous blud that through some cause is prohibited to issue or by abuÌ„dance of the emeraudis For lyke as a lyttel fire is queÌ„ched vnder a great heape of wodde lyke wise natural hete is suffocate with abundaÌ„ce of humours The .ij. cause of rawe humors is feblenes of natural hete as in folkes of feble coÌ„plexion or that haue ben longe sycke or be very aged for than the said blud lettyng is vnholsome bicause hit augmenteth rawenes for the blud that obserueth hete is drawen out and so the body is made colde and the humours more rawe Therfore the bloud must be left to digest these rawe humours The .iiij. is vndue disposicion of the aire eyther to hotte or to colde for moche hete causethe stronge resolucion and great colde maketh the blud thicke and vnapte to issue or auoyde Quid debes facere quando vis fleubothomarâ— Vel quando minuis fueris vel quando minutus Vnctio sine potus lauachrum vel fascia motus Debent non fragili tibi singula mente teneri v. thynges in bloud lettyng This text declareth .v. thynges that ought to be done about bloud lettyng some before som at the tyme some after The first is anoyntyng whiche other while is vsed in the bloud lettyng as to anoynte the place or veyne that is opened to aswage the peyne somtyme hit is vsed after blud lettyng to kepe the gashe that it close nat vp to soone that the humours left in the
veynes may haue som respiracion and some yll fumes voyde out The .ij. is to dryÌ„ke and specially wyne whiche is good in blud lettyng if one hap to swouÌ„de and also hit is very holsome after blud lettyng to reuiue the spirites engendre newe blud whiche thyng in practyse all phisitians obserue The .iij. is baynyng whiche is holsome .iij. dayes before and .iij. dayes after blud lettyng nat the same day Hit is good before if one thynke he haue grosse humors within hym for baynyng leuseth moueth humors for the said cause hit is holsome to take a sharpe syrope before to moue dissolue and make subtile the humours And therfore whan ye wyll let one blud ye must rubbe the arme that the humours in the veynes about may be made subtile prepared to issue out more esily Hit is holsom after blud lettynge that the residue of humours vapours left behynd may be leused Hit is nat holsome the same day for baynyng maketh the skyn lynnowe whiche made lynnowe wyl nat abyde the stroke gyuen in blud lettyng that is daÌ„gerous The .iiij. is byndynge with lynnen clothes whiche is very holsome to stop the blud after euacuation therof before bledyng to drawe the humours to the veynes and to cause them to swel better to appere The .v. is moderate walkyng before blud lettyng to dissolue make subtile the humors afterward to leuse the residue of the humours lefte behynde Here note that some vse to be let blud fastyng but some other say hit were better to eate a rererosted egge fyrst and therto drynke a draught of wyne about the houre of .ix. or .x. before dyner and forth with to be let blud The cause is whaÌ„ the stomake is empty nature reteyneth styl the blud more stroÌ„gly lest she shuld lacke norishement but whan one hath eate a lyttel norishyng meate as wyne egges is than nature suffreth the blud better to issue Exhiâ—araâ— tristes iratos placat amantes Ne sint amentes fleubothomia facit Here be declared .iii. effectis of blud lettyng First it maketh a sad ê‘sone mery Secondly it appeseth angry folkes The reason is this moche melaÌ„coly myngled with the blud causeth heuynes and moche coler causeth aÌ„ger whiche .ij. humors as they be myngled with the blud are draweÌ„ out by blud lettyng Thirdly hit kepeth louers from furious rauyng for it remoueth the blud froÌ„ the heed auoydyng it by the other exterior partis Farther note that there be .v. causes of blud lettyng The first is that the abundance whether it be in qualite or quantite or bothe shuld be voyded For as Auicen sayth two maner folkes must be let blud One is they that be disposed to be sicke that haue abundaÌ„ce of blud in quantite The other is they that are sicke alredy through the malice of humors or blud But there is difference in these .ii. blud lettynges For blud lettyng for the abuÌ„dance of blud ought to be moche but whaÌ„ it is done to auoyde yll blud it must be moderate as Galen saythe .ix. metategni And therfore they do very yll that let them selfe blede tyll they ê‘ceyue the good blud issue for ê‘auenture all theyr blud shall ruÌ„ne out er they se any good blud appere Therfore they shuld voyde a lyttel at ones and after the mynde of Galen in this case before they let one blud they shuld gyue hym good meates to engeÌ„der good blud to fulfyl the place of the yl blud auoyded and after within a lyttell space to let hym blud a lyttel and a lyttel This is called directe lettyÌ„g of blud for it is done to auoyde abundaÌ„ce of blud and of suche humors as shulde be auoyded The fyrst indirecte cause is the greatnes of the disease and greatnes of the apparent vehement inflaÌ„macion for as GaleÌ„ saith ther is no better medicine for an iÌ„postume of vehement inflaÌ„macion feuers great ache Gal. in coÌ„men illiuâ— apho quâ— egerunt thaÌ„ blud lettyng The .ii. indirect cause is that the mattier whiche must be auoyded be drawen to yâ— place froÌ„ whens it must be auoyded And therfore in retencion of the menstruous flixe emeraudis the great veyne in the â—ote called sophena must be opend as Galen saith to draw downe the mattier of the blud The .iij. indirect cause is to drawe the humours to the place contrary to that place that they flow to to diuert the mattier froÌ„ that place Therfore for to moche abuÌ„dance of meÌ„struosite the veyne basilica must be let blud to turne the mattier to the coÌ„trary part and so to voyde hit froÌ„ hit propre course And therfore he that hath a pluresie on his lyft syde must be let blud on the right side to diuert drawe the mattier to the place coÌ„trarie to that place that it inclineth to And like wise if it be on the right side to let blud on the lyft The .iiij. indirect cause is that bi lettyng of blud one portion of the mattier may be auoyded that nature may be the stronger vpon the residue and so lettyng of blud is holsome whan the body is ful lest impostumes growe for the regimeÌ„t of nature is feble iÌ„ regard of these humors wherfore a portion of the mattier is voyded lest through vnablenes of nature in gouernyng the mattier the mattier shuld flowe to som weake place and brede an impostume Faâ— plagam largam mediocriter vt cito fumus Exâ—at vberius liberiusque cruoâ— Here thauctor sayth that the gashe made in lettyng oâ— blud ought to be of a mean largenes that the same grosse blud may esily issue out for whan the gashe is straite the pure blud onely goth out and the grosse abith styl in And note that somtyme the gashe must be great somtyme small The gashe must be great for .iii. causes Fyrst bicause the humours be grosse and grosse blud must be voyded as in them that be melaÌ„coly Secondly in wynter the gashe muste be great for colde engrosseth the humours Thyrdly for thabuÌ„daÌ„ce of humours for they auoyde better by a great gashe than a small But the gashe must be small whan the ê‘sone is of weake strengthe that the spiritis naturall hete auoyde nat to moche and lyke wise in a hotte season and whan the blud is pure Sanguine subtracto sex horis est vigilandum Ne somni fumus ledat sensibile corpus Ne neruum ledat non sit tibi plaga profunda Sanguine purgatus non carpas protinus escas Thre thynges must be consydred whaÌ„ one is let blud Fyrst that he slepe nat within .vi. houres after â—est the fumes engeÌ„dred by slepe asceÌ„de to the heed hurt the brayne There be other causes Fyrst lest he in slepe turne hym on the arme that is let blud and therby hurt hym The .ii. is lest the humours by slepe flowe to the peynful meÌ„bre by reason of the incision so brede an impostume For GaleÌ„ saith that if