so shakâ— of and forgotteÌ„ appoint onely foure to wit them that be coÌ„pound vnto whoÌ„ they haue geeuen names not of their qualities but somwhat vnaptly of those coÌ„monly termed knoweÌ„ humours y is to say SaÌ„guine Cholerique Phlegmatique MelaÌ„cholique by y squyer leauel of whoÌ„ they wold haue these 4. differeÌ„ces of coÌ„plexioÌ„ or teÌ„perature to be reduced tryed Which dealiÌ„g reasoniÌ„g of theirs as it sauoreth of populer iudgmeÌ„t learning to the common sort very plaussble so standeth it not with the precise opynion and censure of them that would haue eche thing skanned and measured in his righte nature and kinde In the meane season I as one desirous to recoÌ„cyle Physitions thus factiously iarrynge in opynion and woulde God this vniformitye and attonement were also broughte to passe in matters of ReligioÌ„ for the better quieting of many mens Consciences both parties shall suffer the chiefe place to be assigned and geeuen to the hoate and moyst Complexion excepting alwayes as I said before the temperatest of all whereunto as at a marcke we must direct our mynd and leauel our whole matter that by it euery man may trye his owne nature which so loÌ„g as it is in his perfect strength vigour quality produceth bringeth foorth a Sanguine man. And thus there is in a maner no differeÌ„ce neither preiudiciall to anye partye eyther to call it by the name of a hoate and moyst Complexion or els by the terme of a Sanguine man who by the benefite of this holesome humour conteyneth hath within him these qualities albeit Bloud it selfe for wee will keepe all thinges wythin their prescripte limittes doth not engender and cause heate and moystnes but rather heate and moysture produceth Bloud Now Bloud of all iuyces and humours is the best and to mans life an alimente and maintener chiefly appropriat famylier and domesticall for throughe the force furtheraunce of vitall Spirite which is the preseruer and seÌ„der of natural heate into euery part of the bodye Bloud is conueighed by the cunduytes and Vesselles of the Arteryes and Veynes so both nourisheth mainteyneth and preserueth the whole body And for that this pure cleare defecate loouely and amyable Iuyce is the special thing that conserueth euery lyuinge Creature in his beynge wherein also consisteth the lyfe and vigour of euerye nature that lyueth by breath therefore the Hebrew Lawmaker Moses by the direction and appointmente of God himselfe forbadde all maner of bloud to be eateÌ„ because the lyfe of al Creatures coÌ„sisteth in bloud is therwyth nourished and mainteyned euen as the flame of a Candle is with the Oylie weeke as it plainly appeareth by a man that bleedeth verye much whose bodye is then in euery part cold wanne for want thereof fayntinge and in a maner readye to geeue vp the Ghost I haue knowen many whose vitall spyrite bleedinge out and yssuinge together wyth their bloud haue been thereby brought into great daunger of their liues And therefore this treasure of Lyfe must moste carefullye be conserued because it is of all Humours the most excellent wholesome Nowe as the Arteries which abounde more wyth vitall spyrite then wyth bloud spring from the heart so the Veynes which conteyne more bloud then ayrie spyrite proceede and spryng froÌ„ the Lyeuer and are dispersed abroad in brauches and fibres into euerye yea the verye furtheste places of the body For the Lyuer is the shoppe and chiefe workemaster of grosse thicke bloude althoughe the first oryginall thereof be ascribed to the Heart by whose power faculty the bloud is made and throughly wrought being endued wyth vitall spyrite conueigheth naturall heat to eche part of the body Bloud and vital Spyrite are in their chiefest Pryme and most abound in lusty and flourishing yeares albeit there is no age that lacketh the same although in old worne age bloud begynneth to draw to a coldnes the vital spyrit then neyther so hoate neither so stronge and effectuous which thinge as it is in them well to bee obserued and perceyued by their frequente gestures and often moouing of the body and the partes thereof yet specially maye it be seene noted by their colour which in a yonge lusty Stryplyng and youthfull body of good constitution is ruddy and fresh but in them that be further stryken in yeares or further of from this temperamente is not so pure so beautifull nor so pleasaunt to behold for that all their comelynesse beauty is eyther faded awaye or throughe some euill humours and hidden imperfection or blemishe appeareth in them worse then in the yonger sort So many being affected or disteÌ„pered in their Splene wombe Lyuer ventricle and Lunges are commonly either pale yelow tawnie dunne duskie or of some other ill fauoured colour There is no surer way sayth Galene certainly to knowe the humours and iuyce in a Creature then by the colour and outward complexion If the body loke very whyte it is a token that phlegme in that body chiefely reigneth most aboundeth If it be pale or yelow it argueth the humour to bee greatly Melancholique and Cholerique and the bloude to be freshe and reddye if it be blackish it betokeneth blacke adust Choler specially if no outwarde accidentall occasion happen as great heate or chafing labour or wearynesse or if the mynde bee not intoxicate and perplexed wyth affectes and passions as Angre Ioye Sorow Care pensyuenes for these make the humours sometyme to resort vnto the skynne vtter parts and sometime to hyde and conueyghe themselues farre inwardly and for this cause wee see men y are fumish and testy to be in a marueylous heat proceeding not of any sticknesse or discrasse but of â–ª the motion and stirring of the humours againe them that be affrighted and in mynde amazed to be pale Some to loke as wanne as Lead some whyte and swartie sometyme blewyshe sometime of sondrye colours all which betoken crude humours and raw iuyce to beare rule and swaye in the bodye eyther of phlegme glasselyke toughe or of some other sort or els many rotteÌ„ humours clamped vp in y bodye which by outward tokeÌ„s and signes bewray shew themselues what they be and what they signifie They therefore that be of a hoate and moyst constitution and haue greate store of bloude wythin theim are of a purple and reddie coloure softe warme and smooth skinned comely of stature of reasonable feacture fleshye bodyed and a little roughe aburne heyred redde or yealow bearded and comely bushed of which feacâ—ure plight and bodely shape the Scripture witnesseth that Dauid was who beyng after that Saule was cast of and reiected appointed King and onnoyâ—ted by Samuel was of a brownish Complexâ—oÌ„ excellent beauty well fauoured in sight and 〈◊〉 â—â—tenauÌ„ce very cheerefull and amyable Such a comety grace and Princelye shape was to be scene in the moste victorious Prince Philip Kinge
some one of the chiefest Ingredientes Polycleti Regula Lib. 20. Cap. 10. De Sacerd. De ratione concâ—onandi De Oratore Notes or markes of a body perfectly teÌ„perate Lib. 3. Ode 3. Rom. 8. Affections naturall A Enei 4. Iuuenal Sat. 10. The nature of Democritus and Hetaclitus Counterfaite gate Psalm 45. Christ a paterne of perfection Ioan. 1. Collos 2. Heb. 4. Ioan. 11. Christ voyd of all ill affections Collos 3. Heb. 13. Heb. 11. 1. Pet. 2. Hoate complexion Tokens of a hoate Complexion Degrees of heate in man. Black haytes Curled hayres Varietie diuersity of body Imagination VVomeÌ„s intemperaunce A true report Black hayre Yelovv Whyte Redde Lib. 2. de Temper Why children hâ—â—e no beaâ—des Much store of hayre how it commeth To make the bearde grow Women ful of hayres on their head Hayrie women lecherous Barenuesse inwomeÌ„ vnablenes in men to get ChildreÌ„ Heate causeth holdnes Lib. 11 Cap. 37 The suttlety of Aristomenes Iudie 15. 16. 1. Reg. 17. Iud. 3. Bold rashnes Vertues defaced and marred by vices Lib. 6. de Rep. Bigge voyce AEnei 1. Things not naturall Artis Medicae 85. Ayre Fulsome pestileÌ„t ayre more hurtful then pestilent meat Contraryes are remedied by their coÌ„traryes A Enei 10 Dogge-dayes Englande praysed for clenly trim minge their houses Learned me and aged greatly reuerenced in England Meate drincke Lib. 1 Cap. 3. Moyst nourishmeÌ„t fittest for children Lib. 2 de leg lib 1. de tuend Valetud Wyne hurt full to children Qualefiers and alâ—yers of the heate of bloud 〈…〉 Li. 1. Off. Ill customes must by little and litle be taken away Chaunge in olde men dauÌ„gerous Cicero in Senect Lib. 5. de tueÌ„d Val. The profite thâ—t coÌ„meth by exercise Order of exercise Slouthe and ease hurtful Aduertisement to the sâ—â—dious Horace in Arte Poet. Sortes of exercise FreÌ„ch king killed in runninge at the Tylt 1559. Gentler exercises Musick chereâ—h maketh meerie the mynd of man. De valet lib. 5. A fit exercise for crokebacked persons To try good horses RecreatioÌ„s not commeÌ„dable Husbandry praysed Heau sce 1. Act. 1. Saciety or fulnes of Stomacke to be eselievved Epidi 6. Aphor. 5. The harme of Venerie or Carnall CopulatioÌ„ BloudlettiÌ„g not rashlye to be enter pryled Bloud spirite the treasure of life Not good for men in health to vse medicine Vomite seldome to be prouoked De ratione vict lib. 1. When to vomite Eccle. 31. To what persons vomyting is hurtfull The commodities of sleepe epist. 4. The day appointed for labour and the night for rest Eight hours for Sleepe Sound Sleepers Whye children and Dronkerdes be sleepye Who bee soone awaked oute of sleepe Wylie winkers Catchpoles Iuuen. Sat. 1. Lib. 1. Amor. The maner howe to lye in bedde Lying vpon the backe very vnholsome dauÌ„gerous Sleeping in the day hurtfull The harmes of ouerwatching All meÌ„ subiect to affections The greate hurts of affections Angre Tuscul 5. Tranquility of mynde TemperaÌ„ce Goddes holye spirite subdueth qualy fieth outragyous affections Heate the stayer and maintener of lyfe Cold the decay spoile of life Cold coupled wyth heate In cold bodyes heate doth not altogether lacke Creatures in touching cold The bloude of Fishes is cold What sorts of fishes beinge taken oute of the water liue longest Eatynge of fishe hurtfull to them that are giuen to be solytarie Genes 1. Act. 10. 1. Tim. 4. Solytary lyuers subiect to the Apoplexie A Snayles life Venemous Herbes Eccle. 12. Tokens of a colde Complexion Idlenes maketh the body fat and cold Heate maketh good colour Cold wasteth and taketh awaye colour Wanne colour The hungry Sicknesse Cold things stirre vp appetite Cold persoÌ„s drowsie and vnweldie The help cure of a cold body Foules hard of digestion Meates fit for cold persons Gardeine store Hoat Condimentes If men bee loath to be sicke it followeth that they be loth to die Death dreadfull Sinne the cause of sicknes death Sap. 2. 2. Kindes of death De Senect To be long lyued Notes of a dry CoÌ„plexion Lib. 2. Metam Baldnes coÌ„meth for lacke of humour Dry brayne causeth ill Memory Good MeÌ„morye Restoringâ— of the memorye Galen lib. 5. de tuen Val. Lib. 6. de tuend val Hard wynes or of the second sort Mylke Herbes hauing vertue to make one to pisse Lib. 2. Sat. 4. Turpentine holesome Lib. 3. de tuen Val. lib. 5. tueÌ„ val PrepariÌ„g of TurpeÌ„tine To make Turpentine liquide and potable Sleepe Friction Lib. 2. de tuen Val. Sixe sorts of Frictions Lucae 7. Lib. 15. Artificiall Bath Naturall Bathes Carnal dealing wyth womeÌ„ very hurtfull to dry and cold complexioÌ„s Studying by night and Candlelight hurtful Bodelye health De tueÌ„d Valet Bodye and mynde sick and wel together â–ª A holesome exercise for students Moderate banquetting not discommeÌ„dable Recreation of the mynd Comelye mirth at the Table Sat. 1. Lib. Ser. 2. Sat. 2. Curiosity in searching to high miste-ries Eccle. 3. Eche thinge ought to be done in his due time right order Moyst CoÌ„plexion Heate in maÌ„ likened to the SuÌ„ne and moysture to the Moone The influeÌ„ce force of the Moone The tokens of a moyste body Graye eyes Moyst complexioÌ„s not geuen to be malicious spightful Moyste natures not fumish and testy Tokens of a moyst complexioned body Euery parte of the body is by it selfe seuerally to be considered hath his proper temperature The state of the mynde in moyst coÌ„plexions Why men be wyser then womeÌ„ Eccl. 42 Carnall lust in Sommer to meÌ„ hurtfull Rue prouoketh lust in women but taketh it vtterly awaye in men Diet meete for a moyst CoÌ„plexioÌ„ Diet ouer moyst hurtful Moderate sleepe good for moyst persons Moyst folks must sleepe but very litle Sat. 1. Lib. 2. Aphor. 44. Moystare feedeth nourisheth heate Accordinge to the nourishment that a maÌ„ is fed withall humours eyther encrese or diminish The grosse exhalacion of humours hurtfull to the minde as dead and fulsome wyne is to the body Concord harmony in mans body De Natu â–ª humana Humours after a sort are the elemeÌ„ts of man. Eunuch Act. 4. Scaen. 5. The force and vertue of Seede Sounde parents beget sound Children ElemeÌ„tes 4. Qualities 4. Humours 4. The nature of bloud Phlegme Choler MelaÌ„cholie In bloud all the other humous are mixed When a veine is opened all the humours are ocularly to be seene Humours haue both colour and tast Spettle and Sweat haue their force power of humours TueÌ„d Val Lib. 6. De TeÌ„p 1 Temperatures subiect to chasige Old men by nature dry but in conditioÌ„ moyst DissensioÌ„ diuersitie of opinions daungerous The profite of bloud Leuit. 17. The cause why Moses forbad the eating of Bloudâ— Bloude not rashlye nor vnaduisedly to be let WheÌ„ce thâ— Arteries Veynes spring The Lyuer the shop of Bloud The heart fountaine of bloud The colour sheweth what humours be in the body Tuend val lib. 4. Affectes of the mynde chaung the colour of the face and body 1.
For who is hee that being throughly whittled in drinck doth not beastly rushe into venerous luste and filthy desires For when the body is bumbasted wyth drincke and bellycheere the priuities and secrete partes do swel and haue a marueylous desire to carnal coiture Hereof it commeth that suche persons are delighted wyth vnchaste Rhythmes and songes of rybaldry odious to honest eares and pernicious to the mind vndecent hopping and dauncing vnseemely clipping and kissing and much other filthy behauiour By this meanes that mynsing mynion throughe her fyne and lasciuious daunfynge caused the heade of holy Iohn Baptiste the forerunner of Christe to be chopped of for the kingee mynde was so enchaunted wyth her filthy and pernicious loue that cleane abādoning all reason and right iudgemente he graunted to her the head of him whose holsome admonitions and counsell hee was wonte before pacientlye to heare and well to like of Which Euangelical example is a warning to all Noble men and as many as haue the gouernmente of common weales that they cruelly rage not agaynste the innocente neyther tormente and put to death such as painefully and syncerely preach the truth but rather by all meanes to wythstande and roote oute such as be fauourers of factions enter into any practises contrary to righte and conscience onely to disturbe the publique tranquillity and to preiudice theyr Country The workemanship and frame of mans body consisteth of manye partes and therein as in the state of a Common wealth be conteyned many orders and sondry offices In the Common wealth there be the poore Comminaltie lowest in degree in which nōber are reckned drudges Porters Saylers Coblers Tinkers Carters Tipplers handy Artyficers filthy Bauds Butchers Cookes Botchers and such lyke next in degree to them are Marchants and Trafiquers amonge whom some by crafte and subtiltie enueigle and deceyue others of meaner calling and ability albeit there be also of them which practise theyr trade honestly and commendablye not by collusion and fraudulēt dealing but by godly and necessary meanes After them are the high Magistrates and Peeres of the Realme who by due admynistration of the Lawes and politicall ordinaunces keepe the rude multitude in due order of obedience and see publique peace and trāquillity maynteyned Last of all are they whose office beinge of higher authority do instructe and trayne vp the residue in the true knowledge of Christian religion and to plant in them an vndoubted fayth of theyr saluation at God the Fathers hande throughe his sonne Christe The like order comelynesse and agreemente is in the body of man wherein euery part doth properly orderly execute his peculiar office And hereuppon S. Paule by example of the harmonye and agreement of mans body and all the parts therof taketh occasion to perswade and exhort euery man to do his office and duty and carefullye to labour in his vocation For all the members of the body be so lyncked and knitte together and such participacion and cōsent is betweene them that if one of the smallest toyntes or the little toe be hurt or payned the whole body is distempered and oute of quiet And thus as Chrysostome sayth if the foote or one of the fingers endes bee pricked wyth a thorne or other sharpe thing al the other mēbers are ioyntly greeued aswel as they in so much that the head which is the honourablest parte of all other stoupeth to beholde it the eyes looke downe the hands offer theyr diligent seruice to pull out the pricke and to binde vp the wounde So lykewyse there is no part of the body which in such case desyreth not to help his afflicted fellow member Aptly therefore and very properly as Liuius witnesseth did Menenius the Oratour for example vse this persuasion at what time the commō people in a ciuill broyle rebelliously disobeyed stubbernelye maligned the Senatours and Nobility likening this theyr iarring and discorde to the sedicious contencion and falling out of the members of mans body amonge themselues By which witty deuysed fable he perswaded thē to forsake theyr mad enterpryses and to returne euery man in peace home to his owne house For as in the bodye so lykewyse in a common wealth mutuall sedition and ciuill variaunce tendeth to the spoyle and ouerthrowe of the whole but contrarywyse Concorde keepeth and vpholdeth all things preserueth aswel the Common wealth as the body of man in perfecte staye and order Howe frendlye they all do agree together and how of so many partes euery member doth perfourme his office and duty euery man in himself by experience seeth For there is no part nor mēber thereof be it neuer so small but it caryeth with it not onely a comly shape and proporcion but also otherwyse serueth for some necessary vse and purpose of the whole body and euery part thereof And first to begin from the lowest to the highest The Foundement Entrailes Stomacke procure the sustenaunce and healthe to the chiefe members by whose helpe mynisterie the meate being throughly digested is proportionably distributed by the veynes vnto euery seuerall part of the whole body But if the Entrayles appointed for the concoction of nourishmente bee weake and feeble or if any other impedimente or fault be in them whereby the meate concocted cānot haue due recourse and passage to nourish the body thē doth al go to wrack and turne into corruption mynistringe matter and occasion to Agues and all other kinde of diseases Which by certayne tokens maye partly bee knowen and felt aforehand that a man in such case commonly loatheth his meate hath a puling stomacke and is enclyned to gaping vomite stretching stiffenes in his body And because the Spirits exhaled by humours do participate with other qualityes therby distēper the brayne it commonly happeneth that such persons become thereby wayward testye and verye easely caryed into sondrye other affections of the mynde For natural Spirite being caused in the Lyuer cannot be made pure neyther attenuated into ayrie substaūce vnlesse that viscousnesse be clearely purged free from all affection But vitall spirite hath his originall procreation and beginninge of the naturall which is spread and diffused from the hearte by Arteryes into all the bodye frameth in mā diuers maners accordinge to that grossenes or subtilitie which it receyueth partly of the nourishmente and partly of the condition of the Ayre and state of the Regiō So they that dwell Northward and in cold regions by reason of grosse bloud and thicke Spyrites are seene to be bolde and full of venturous courage rude vnmanerlye terrible cruell fierce and such as wyth very threatening countenaunce and manacinge wordes make others to stande in feare of them As concerning any daungerous exploite they are not a whitte afrayde to hazarde theyr bodyes in the aduenture of anye perillous extremitie Which courage and disposition of nature is not to be founde amonge the people of Asia for
can greatly hurte them Which persons althoughe with dainty fare idle life and much Sleepe they bring themselues many times to this porzynes corpulencie yet they be not so daungerously sicke whē any discrasie happeneth as they that be of the same constitution and state from their firste begīning For although some which in their youth were slender leane happen afterward to be fat grosse and fleshie yet their veynes Arteryes and other passages and cunduites of their bodyes remaine still large and wyde which thing plainlye appeareth whensoeuer they feeling themselues not wel at ease haue any occasion to be let bloud For in this accidentall habite of body althoughe the party be fat and forgrowen yet the veynes lye not hid vnappearing as in them that naturally be grosse but swel out and plainlye appeare to the eye offering thēselues to the Laūce by incisiō hāsomly to be cut Therfore although this moyst Cōplexion being cherished by heat be laudable good for that it prolongeth life differreth and keepeth away Oldage suffereth not the body to grow into drynesse yet if it exceede toofarre or stand in the point of extremity it is daungerous For when by reason of the veynes beinge ful the body ceasseth to be nourished and the faculties of nature which distribute nourishmente intermit their office and cannot worke in this case needes must the body go to wracke and incurre inconuenience so that eyther sodaine death therupon ensueth or els al least some rupture of y Vessels and veynes happeneth These things being considered it shal be good speedely and in time to forsee breake this habite and disposition and by y meanes of moderate euacuation abstynence and watchinge to preuente further daunger vsing such a prescripte diet and ordinary as best serueth to reduce the bodye into a safer and lesse daungerous Constitution For this is genera lye to be noted that a bodye is not to be accompted reckened moyst in respecte of abundaunce of excrements and humours but of a temperate moystnes of all the parts and of the whole proportionably together wyth which tēperate moysture naturall heate is fedde and nouryshed and life therby many yeares prolonged Finis Libri Primi THE SECONDE BOOKE WHER IN AS IN A GLASSE is plainly and liuelye described the perfecte state and expresse Image of euery particuler Nature By the vvhich euery man may most readily finde out the very right Constitution plight condition affect and disposition of his ovvne Body ¶ Of a Compounde Complexion The first Chapter COmpounde Complexions consistinge of two qualities a piece are in nūber foure like as y symple be vz hoat and Moyst Hoat and Dry Cold and Moyst Colde Drye vnto whom there belong and are appendant so many Humours diffused into euery parte of the whole body Bloud Phlegme Choler Melācholie These according to the nature of nourishmēt receyued are encreased or diminished suffring chaūg alteration are easelye one into an other transmuted And albeit these humours being of great force diuers wayes and sondryly affecting the bodye yea the wyth fulsome and vnpleasaunte exhalations and sentes is oftentimes greatly annoyed and encūbred euen as ill naughtye wyne bringeth to the brayne affects both hurtful and daūgerous may not be accompted Elementes neyther are able to constitute any Complexion yet are they endued wyth Elementall qualitye and vertue and helpe much to the conseruation keeping of the whole body in good plight and order For as wee see the fyer to be fedde wyth matter combustible and Torches Lynkes Candles and such like nouryshed wyth Oyle or some other rosennye and fattie substaunce so lykewise the elementall qualities and all the powers and faculties of nature derpued into the vital spermaticke seede of our Parents do stande in continuall neede of nourishment For if the body should not be susteyned wyth nourishment or if the humours which moystē euery particuler member should lack the preseruatyues and fomentations wherewyth they be maynteyned the whole frame of mans body must of necessity decaye and be vtterly dissolued and euery part thereof vanishe away into his lyke whereof it was generated or into that whose nature it conteyneth wythin it selfe whether it do participate with Fyer Apre Earth Water or drawe neere in nature and be famylier to any of them They depend mutually one of an other and are stedfastly maynteyned by the helpe and stay one of an other Neyther is there any parte in mans body so small so vyle or so abiect that hath not respect to the comelynesse and conseruation of the whole bodye doth orderly discharge his due office and proper function whereunto it was created And this I would not haue to be onely spoken and ment of y vse and vtility of euery of the members partes seuerally but also of the humours which by the helpe of nourishment do meynteine supporte and vnderproppe the temperamente and complexion of eche body and by the helpe of naturall heate do geeue increase and growth to al the members generally For which cause Hippocrates and Galene not wythout good reason apoint the foure naturall humours being perfect and pure the Elements of Creatures endued wyth bloud for out of theym commeth a secundarie oryginall of oure procreation For they mynister matter plentifully and helpe highly in the breedinge and shaping of the Infante or yonglinge specially if the body be well ballassed wyth good holesome meates and now and then heated wyth a draught of good wyne for without these Venus games are perfourmed but faintly sorilie which thing seemeth to be ment by the yong Strypling Chremes in Terence who being sober beganne to abhorre and loath his harlot and Concubine but beynge wel whittled in wyne to take therin gret delight and pleasure and not scarse able to qualefie himselfe from committinge further follie wyth her as in this Prouerbiall sentence he flatly professed Take meate and drincke and vvyne avvay Small is the lust to Venus play For the Testicles Genitories and members of generation draw vnto them frō the principall mēbers and conuert into Seede the best most exquistielye concocted humours Which seede hauing 〈◊〉 great store of effectuous profitable Spyrit is the worker of heate of all the other faculties and in the begetting and procreation of Children is the chiefe parent and causer Into it is a wonderful vertue and diuine power by Gods good will and appoyntmente infused for the shaping and fashioning of the yong Creature wythin the mothers wombe for it produceth a fruict of seemely most beautifull workemanship rightly shapen and in ech poynt perfectly proporcioned if the Seede wherof it was begotten do issue from a sound and holesome body for otherwyse if the seede be of a diseased corrupt and infected bodye the issue and ofspringe cannot choose but be monstruous and deformed Somewhat therfore to recreate the Reader to make this argument more
thinges estraunged from oure bodyes not naturallye in vs engraffed but externally happening and yet nathelesse such as are as apt and ready to disquiet and annoy oure bodyes as those that be naturally planted in vs And these bee Meate and Dryncke wherewyth wee restore all such ouerdrye or ouer moyste substaunce as to the body is requysite And these twayne if they bee eyther immoderately taken or bee corrupte and vnholesome they do engender great stoare of excrements and sondry diseases Next vnto these is the Ayre that compasseth and on eche syde enuyroneth vs which beinge eyther extreemelye hoate or drye or ouermuch moyste or colde causeth enforceth a manifest alteration in the state of the whole body But to come somewhat neere and more aptlye to declare this matter it is to be vnderstanded that the verye beginninges of mans nature and principles of his generation is feminine Bloud Seede generatiue The one as it were of certayne apt conuenient and tractable matter like moyst claye or soft waxe is ready to fashion oute and proportion anye thing that the workemaÌ„ employeth it vnto And the Seede is as it were the workeman himselfe Both these thinges consist and are made of the same generall Elements and conteyne within them the qualityes aboue specifyed but the difference amonge themselues is in the order and measure of their temperameÌ„t For in the seede there is more of fierye and ayrie substance that is to say it is pertaker of aethereal Spirite In the Bloud there is more of watry and earthy albeit in this last the heate is aboue colde and moyst aboue dry For wee maye not say and affirme that Bloud is dry like boanes but to be moist Now is Seede dryer theÌ„ Bloud and yet it is also moyste fluible liquide Thus on both sydes the oryginall of mans generation proceedeth of moyst substaunce yet so that thence is laboured and made other partes of the bodye that be drye as Synewes Veynes Arteryes Bones and Grystles Now that which in the woÌ„be is conceyued and together of those principles fourmed waxing dryer taketh as it were the first lineamentes and proportion of euerye member afterward comming to perfect shape taketh further encrease so groweth to his iuste bignesse and decente quantitye And when it hath raught to his ful growth and bignesse as when the boanes for want of nourishmente are no longer plyable then doth a man ceasse from further growiÌ„g waxeth neither taller nor broader For comely talnesse and length of personage commeth and is caused of the aboundaunce of heate and moysture where the Spyrite is throughlye and fully perfused And if it happen that any eyther old or yong throughe sicknes or some other affect to fal into a cold and dry habite or disposition their bodies become and are leane wrynckled slender illfauoured thinne and lancke and their lymmes weake and crooked It fareth by them muche like as it doth by Horses Oxen or such like beastes that are skanted nipped of their fodder feeding or as it doth by Trees and other greene Herbes that lacke the iuyce of the ground not conueniently watered Therefore a fashioÌ„ that some Scholemasters others that take the charge vpon them to teach and boorde yonge boyes is mee thinckes both lewde vnconscionable who beinge at a playne bargaine and certaine stint of money reasonably agreed vppon betweene theym and the childrens frendes pinche theyr poore pupills and borders by the belly and allowe them meate neyther sufficient nor yet holesome yea not onely beastly sluttishlye nippinglye vse they the seely childreÌ„ but threatninglye enforce them to beare oute the labour of theyr studyes wyth a slender allowance and small pittaunce of vnsauery resty fleshe stinking fish and hoary vinewed bread which thing causeth them to be ill complexioned coloured the shape comlynes and beauty of theyr bodies to degenerate growe out of fashion the quicknes courage lyuelynes and sharpenes of their wit to decay theyr spirits to be dulled al the liuely vertues towardnes of the mynd which before was in them eyther by the benefite of Nature or by the industry of the parentes or finally by the onely special gift of Almighty God to be extinct vtterly quenched insomuch that neyther theyr mynd is enflamed with desire to attein atchieue any worthy atteÌ„pt nether frame they theÌ„selues vnto those thiÌ„gs wheruÌ„to they were inclinable by nature apt towardly As touching the outward case of their body they coÌ„moÌ„ly breake out haue their bodyes pinked ful of scabs by reasoÌ„ of ill humours ouerwhealed engrayled with lothsome blisters blaines byles botches Wherby it commeth to passe that in growth they seldom come to any personable stature to the vse of their ful powers to perfect streÌ„gth firmity of theyr members or to any haÌ„dsom scature or proper coÌ„poâ—â—ioÌ„ of bodily proportion the cause is for that in their tender growyng age being kept vnder by famine and skanted of conuenient meate and drincke theyr natiue moysture which requyreth coÌ„tinual cheerishing mainteynauÌ„ce was skaÌ„ted debarred of his due nourishment coÌ„petent allowance Whereupon the vital iuyce being exhausted speÌ„t they arriue to old age sooner theÌ„ otherwise they should doe are snatched vp by death long before their time Now that affect plight which bringeth the body into a cold dry disposition is called Olde age because it is the cause of corruption decay destruction of all aswell Creatures lyuinge as Plants herbes For death is nothing els but the extinction of nature that is to saye of the naturall Heate naturall Humour In which two things life consisteth to which extinction ende many are brought sooner then they should be either through want and defect of nourishment or throughe vntemperate life as toomuche carnall company with women vnseasonable watchinge heauines of mynde thoughte and manye other causes which hasten old age bring death vnloked for before his time contrarye to the order of age and course of Nature Do we not see many old meÌ„ lusty mery and wel complexioned strong of limmes good footemeÌ„ in their old dayes as fresh actiue as many yong meÌ„ be all which coÌ„meth vpoÌ„ no other cause but that in their youthfull dayes they liued orderly wel and spent not their adolescencie in vnruly riot lechery Againe there be of youngmeÌ„ a great nuÌ„ber weake worne to the bare stumps feeble lame fainte and impoteÌ„t dry as a kixe pale as ashes waÌ„ne colored for that they spent exhausted all the pithe and strength of theyr youth and adolescencye in wanton sensuality disordered riot and immoderate vse of Venerous daliauÌ„ce coÌ„suming therin the very floure and prime of their lusty age For euen as pleasauÌ„t gay March floures in the Springe of the yeare with nipping weather and sharpe Northernelye wynds do fade and
strengthened and the mynde reuyued and made lustyer it standeth all Studentes vppon and as many as be sickly of wearish or quaysie health to vse themselues thereunto and namelye to such kinde of exercyse as bryngeth wyth it no wearysōnes or lassitude but which is stayed within y boūdes of mediocrity of which sort is a decēt straynable and cleare voyce and reading or declaming wyth a lowde and bigge sound which is as expedient and as profitable a thing as any to open the breast to stirre vp the Spyrites and to cleare the heart from all grosse and fulsome vapours Notwythstandyng this must by the way diligētly bee obserued that they maye not streyne theyr voyce to speake ouerbigge and lowde when they be eyther throughly harneysed wyth wyne or ful gorged wyth meate For the Spyrit and breath ouerreaching and streyning it self wyth toomuch and too violēt braying out exasperateth the vocal Arterie and many tymes causeth eyther inflammation in the throate or els by breaking some of the small veynes maketh them to spit bloud There be other sortes of recreations wherewyth men of this calling and vocation may wel refresh themselues takinge for the tyme reasonable truce wyth theyr other appoynted studyes busynesse as moderate banquetting and making mery among honest and pleasaunt conceipted cōpany such I meane as know how to vse themselues in eche respect and can frame theyr talke place their wordes according to time age person present and to some profitable purpose of Iyfe in earnest and graue matter vsing graue speach and in sporting myrth merye deuyses and pleasaunte cōferēces hauīg in their mouthes no kind of lauish talke but onely such as to the hearer may be both pleasaunt and profitable In which poynt many digresse from comelynesse do not greatly delighte theyr Audience for that theyr table talke neyther serueth for the tyme neither is to the hearers eyther pleasaunt or commodious For whēanye wayghty perplexed matters be in question or among them debated these busie tāglers be euer buzzinge Thus many euen in their Wagons at the Myll in the open streates and crosse wayes in theyr Wheries Boates yea euen vpon theyr Alebenches will take vpon them to reason of the holy Scriptures and to dispute of Religion But how forsooth euen after such a sorte as men whose bellyes be full paunched bumbasted as much as the skinne will holde doe argue and reason of frugalitie thryft Which kinde of people right aptly worthely although in a matter of lesse accompt the Poete Persius in his tyme quipped and rahated where hee sayth Ech Peazante novv vvith pamperd paunch on Alebench and at vvyne Dare chaunt and prate of Sacred lore and Mysteries Diuine But let them rather yelde to the holesome admonition of Horace wryting thus Discusse not matters mysticall vvhen stoare of Bellycheere And daintie fare the Tables gay doth furnishe eu'ry vvhere Learne Frends but yet in due time learne not vvith the Stomacke full VVhen belching fumes of surphetting your eyesight maketh dul VVhen mynd that 's prone to vvickednes and follovving of vvill Reiecteth Vertue stubbornely and vice frequenteth still Come sober and not ouerchardge vvith gurmandize I say VVhen so ye euer meane of search the true and perfect vvay And vvhy forsooth I vvill you tell at least vvyse if I canne A brybed Iudge that gapes for gaine the truth to◠y ft and skanne Is farre vnmeere and eke vnlike to iudge tvvixt man and man. Hereuppon it commeth that many vtterly ignorant and meere blinde in the Holy Scriptures and matters touching the state of their Soules suffer themselues so wilfullye and headlongly to be faryed away by theyr owne sensual affections for that they busye themselues where they should not and leauell not at that mark wherevnto their mynde ought principally to direct it selfe entermedlyng and troubling their braynes wyth scrupulous quiddities and diffuse questions hauing such spyced consciences that sometime they are myered and sland in doubt of things most plaine and manyfest and lodging once within their harts any erronious doctrine or superstitious opyniō wauer n Fayth and doubt in conscience myssyng the ryght Hauen sure Ankerholde wherevnto they shoulde onely truste runne vppon the rockes of humaine tradicions and throwe themselues wilfully vppon the daungerous Shelues of mens phantasticall traditions and inuented trumperyes And therefore because the mynde of man is euer busye and diuerslye iarring and vnsettled wythin it selfe and neither in word deede opyniō nor in the whole order of life so firme and constant as is to be wyshed I woulde aduyse counsell euery one that desyreth to liue in tranquillity of conscience and quietnes of mynde to dispose all his actions purposes deuyses and meaninges into tymes and oportunityes thereto conuenient doing euery thinge in his due order apoyncting to ech function his proper turne and tempestiuitye and not confusely to shuffle vp and myngle one thing wyth an other in disorder nor to wrap and entangle himselfe in many matters at once which thing is ment by these sayinges of the Preacher where hee appoynteth conueniente seassons and orderlye times for eche functions of this lyfe and assigneth to euery thing his proper and due office so that the nighte which is a time appoynted for rest banishyng all phantasyes is to be passed and spente in Sleepe not to be entermedled wyth those busynesses cares which belong to the daye The tyme to eate his meate the time to relaxe and sport his body the tyme to refresh his powers and reuyue his Spyrites let him so precysely and orderly obserue that laying asyde for the time all other cares and cogitations he onely attende to his meate meerilye decently cheerishyng his body not suffering himself to be interrupted or otherwyse disquieted during the time fo his ordinarie repaste and vsuall meales Thus whē we resort to the places of publique prayer to heare godly Sermons when we pray and offer vp vnto God our deuout meditations al such things as may in any wise hinder our deuotion ought then to be secluded and layed asyde from vs that our mynds may onely erect it selfe vpward to Godward and to thincke on nothing but heauenly thinges This also both in publicke and pryuate matters in common Pleas domestical Affayres in the traffique and trade of Marchaundize when a man hath dealings with himselfe or bargaining wyth other men oughte circūspectly to be obserued for by vsing this ordinarye custome and trade of lyfe hee shall reape great commodity and feele great ease in himselfe al the dayes of this his earthly Pylgrimage ¶ Of a Moyst Complexion The X. Chapter BEcause radicall or originall humour is the maynteiner and feeder of naturall heate and the thinge that preserueth and maynteyneth lyfe euen as Oyle doth nourish the flame in the Candlewieke therefore the Complexion that is therof constituted is not ill neyther to be myslyked For both
is to be bee noted that these complexioned personnes be of stature meane bigge set rather then tall graunde paunched stroutingly bellyed which commeth partly by nature and partly by the custome and order of lyuing by ydlenesse and ease wante of exercise bolling swilling longe sleepe and manye wayes besyde whereby the body groweth and becommeth burly fat and corpulent I could heere recite al the other tokens of ech seuerall part of mans body that is of this moyst constitution and complexion as the Nose in a maner camoysed and flat wyth the grystlie end bluÌ„t and bigge swollen and blowen Cheekes rounde Chinne many signes moe but they do shew the seuerall nature and quality of ech singuler parte by it selfe and not of the whole bodye in generall so that we may not by one small part geue iudgment of the whole body but of euery proper inâ—ber speciall consideration must be taken albeit for the most parte they resemble and participate in nature and temperament wyth their chiefe and principall Entraile that is to say the Heart and Lyeuer Concerning the inwarde notes and tokens of the mynde Men of this Complexion as theyr mynde is nothinge quicke so neyther is theyr tongue being the interpreter of the same prompt readye or quicke because it is so drowned in ouermuch moysture that it is not well able to aduaunce and set out it selfe in good and cleane vtteraunce their wit neyther sharpe nor fine theyr courage base and nothing haultie not atteÌ„ptinge any high enterpryses nor caryng for any glorious and difficult aduentures and the cause is for y heate whych is the thing that pricketh forward emboldeneth to take in hand worthy attempts is in them very weake and small for this cause are meÌ„ quicker witted deeper searchers out of matters and more diligente and rype of iudgemente then women for a woman compasseth and doth al thinges after a worse sort and in goyng about affayres and making bargeins hath not the lyke dexterity and seemelynesse that a man hath And vnto this ende apperteyneth and may be referred that saying of the wyse man. It is better to be vvith an ill Man theÌ„ vvith a frendly VVomaÌ„ c. Whych is by reason and effecte of heate which whosoeuer lacketh or els haue feeble and faynt are for the most part persons effeminate nyce teÌ„dor wythout courage and spyrite sleepie slouthfull weakelings meycockes and not apt nor able to beget any Children because their Sperme is too thinne and moyst and therby vnable to peece and ioyne together wyth the womans seede generatiue For albeit the desire of carnall knowledge and venerous actes for the most parte proceedeth of a slypperie moyst dispositioÌ„ of body and is to persons of this temperature lesse hurtfull then to others yet forasmuche as this moystnes humour is slowly forced forward by heate and the members of generatioÌ„ not filled with swelling spyrit it foloweth that they be vnto carnall coiture fuÌ„bling slow not greatly therto addicted neither therein take anye greate delectacion or pleasure And hereupon it happeneth that fat womeÌ„ and corpulente haue greater desire to fleshly concupiscence and bodely luste in Sommer then in Wynter because in SoÌ„mer heat enkindleth moysture styrreth vp Venus but in men coÌ„trarily it quencheth it for manly strength by immoderat heate is resolued and enfeeblished Likewyse these herbes Thyme Rue many others that be very hoat dry queÌ„ch and take away in men all desire of carnall lust because they wast the generatiue humour whereas women therby are much prouoked stirred to venerie by enforcing heat into theyr secret parts pryuities And for this cause wheÌ„ y Genitoryes or meÌ„bers of generation begin once to grow into coldnes that the generatiue humor is not forced nor calefyed by natural heat then are such things good to bee mynistred to the parties as are of power able to stirre vp the loynes with a certaine tickling coÌ„cupisceÌ„ce to prouoke the genital seede with desire to be expelled Now how such persoÌ„s may keepe theÌ„ selues in bodely health cleare free froÌ„ sicknes heere meane I briefly to decyâ—hre First because health consisteth in a teÌ„perameÌ„t of hoat moyst this coÌ„stitutioÌ„ ought to vse a moyst diet that is to saye such nourishment foode as is therunto famyliar much of affmity such whert in is reasonable good store of heat of which sorte is sweete wyne Mylke Rye breade Rere egges Veale Porke Pigge bigge laÌ„bes waterfoules beanes Chestnuts Chitchpease Dates Reyss Figges Almonds Pyne apple kernels haÌ„ginge sweete grapes such as Muskadell grapes are Sea fish Braynes AmoÌ„g garden or pot herbes Lettice Arrage Rape Parseips Carets Melons Cucumbers but good heede must be takeÌ„ y he vse not to eate toâ—much of any of these for feare of making the body excede to much in moystnes For by ouermuch moyst diet fare Phlegme cold â—aÌ„my humours causing sundry dauÌ„gerous diseases be engeÌ„dred to wit y Apoplexie CraÌ„pe through fulnes or els abundante of Phlegme browsy euil Palsey falliÌ„g Sicknes AstonmeÌ„t insensiblenes of the lymmes when as the power Animall is so venummed and depryued of his function that all sense of feelynge and moouinge is taken away and a man sodainly thereby as it were by some preseÌ„t reueng sent to him by Gods great wrath is styfled This bodye therefore must be conserued wythin the boundes and rules of healthynesse and temperaunce vsing expedient exercyse and shaking away al slouth and ydlenes specially it shal behooue him to haue good regard orderly to euacuate and purge his bodelye excrements to go to the Stoole to pysse to aryse betymes in the morning and frequente some conuenient exercyse and by vsing a somewhat vehemente motion or walkinge to styre vp his inward or naturall heate As concerning Sleepe in this body it ought to be moderately vsed not exceedinge the space of vi houres at the furthest For it is better to Sleepe lyttle and somewhat wyth watching to soke away humous then immoderatly to bolne swell and therewyth throughly to be cloyed As for example we see those which geeue themselues too much to bellycheere and Sleepe to become therwyth so grosse and corpulent that their Chinne hangeth downe danglinge and ioyneth to theyr breast and as the Poet Persius sayeth Their paunch and gullet vvith fat beares out A good foote and halfe of assise about Whereby it happeneth that suche persons are oftentimes euen vpon the sodaine cast into diseases For their veynes and arteryes being slender and streict and also voyd of bloud and Spyrite theyr natural heate is quickly and for euery light cause oppressed and styfeled which thing is ment by Hyppocrates where he sayth They that be by nature very porzy grosse liue as long as they that be slender bodyed because theyr pores bee wyde and their conceptacles of bloude large so that lightlye no outwarde or inwarde causes
plausible delightfull and populer I will depaint and set downe y nature and condition of the Humours that rule and beare sway in mans bodye because they produce and bringe forth their lyke qualities For Bloud is partaker of Hoat and moyste Choler of hoat and Dry Phlegme of Cold and moyste and Melancholie of Cold and dry Therefore that Temperament which is Hoate and moyst may very well be referred to a Sanguine man Hoat and dry to a Cholerique and so forth of the rest but yet so that wee confesse the Complexion and temperament of maÌ„ not to grow or proceede elsewhere then of the Elemental qualities for of theÌ„ haue they theyr names not of y Humours First therefore there be iiii Elements Fyer Ayre Earth Water which of al things made are the original beginnings Next are the Qualities that is to say the myxture of Hoat Cold Mayst and Dry of whoÌ„ proceede the differences of Complexions Last of all the foure Humours whose force and Nature the seede comprehendeth and conteyneth wythin it vnto whom besyde the qualities which are to it in steede of an Instrumente and not of a woorker the chiefe cause next vnder God of the fourmyng and creation of al the parts is truly to be attributed These holesome humours to the conseruation of health and mayntenaunce of lyfe are right necessary and profitable For of them do consist and of them are nourished the entyer parts of all Creatures and for this cause so long as a man lyueth he can neuer want these without great detrimeÌ„t dauÌ„ger of his health Notwythstanding according to the course of time and season of the yere according to the quality of the ayre enclosing vs accordinge to the condition of the place where we dwel and according to the nature of ech age they are encreased or dimynished For Bloud being the best of all the humours and endued with heate and moysture is in his chiefe pryme force in the Spring season namely peculier and proper to lustye flourishinge age which commonly is of a sanguine and ruddie colour which neuerthelesse wanteth not also in the other Natures Phlegme being like vnto water is of nature colde and moyst and taketh his encrease in wynter and engendreth diseases like vnto it selfe Choler beinge of qualitie hoate and drye resembleth tyer hath his most force in Sommer which although in sight and touching it appeare moyst and of colour yelowish like Maluesey yet in operacion power and effect it is hoat of ardent nature Melancholie not vnlike to Earth cold drye encreaseth and taketh force in Autumne this is the dryer and grosser part of bloud and the dreggie refuse thereof All these differences of humours wheÌ„ a veine is opened for it is not all pure bloude that gussheth thereout is plainly of all men to be perceyued First before it be cold it doth shewe and represent to the eye an ayrie fomy Spirit which by and by vanisheth awaye then an exact pure licour of most perfect and excellente ruddynesse y which is pure and right bloude in which there swymmeth Choler and sometime toughe clammye Phlegme sometime liquide and thinne according to the nature condition and state of maÌ„ Last of all if you tourne vp the whole masse or lumpe you shall finde Melancholie altogether of colour blacke And thus euerye humour abundinge in the bodye bewrayeth it selfe by his owne proper colour insomuch that sometime y bloud that issueth out of the veynes liquefyeth and is dissolued into Choler or Phlegme or clottereth thickeneth into MelaÌ„cholie reteyneth either no colour or very litle of bloud And if a man were disposed by taste to haue further knowledge in these humours he maye with his tongue and palate aswell iudge and discerne the relyce and tallage thereof as he doth their colour by his eye For Bloud is sweete in a maner of the relyshe and tast of mylke because it is much like and of kinne vnto it Choler is bitter of the nature of Gall Phlegme vnsauery as water and without all qualitye so longe as it is not rotten nor myxt wyth other humours for then is it eyther salt or sowrishe Melancholie is sharpe eigreâ— tarte These tastes and relyshes there is no maÌ„â—hat perceyueth and feeleth not when as in voanyting perbraking hee casteth vp any of them yea in sweate and euen in the spettle these tastes are manyfestlye descryed perceiued for of these hâ—â—mours they haue participate their powers facultyes and with their qualityes are they endned ¶ Of a Hoate and moyst Complexion and by the way of the disposition and nature of a Sanguine man The ij Chapter HAuing heretofore set downe the descriptioÌ„ of symple Complexions and temperatures which bee so termed for that they consiste of one onely quality bearyng swaye and dominion more theÌ„ any of y rest by course of my purposed work I am next to entreate of them that are compouÌ„d For in the very beginning and first entrauÌ„ce of this worke my promyse and ful intent was to set downe and describe such a Complexion and state of body as was in euery point perfect and absolute and to repulfe keepe away al such harmes and inconueniences as in anye wyse mighte empayre health or brynge the bodye from his good state into worse case and taking I haue therfore thought it good here in this place first to inserte the temperament that is hoat and moyst because it is nâ—ereste and lykest to the best For no state of body sauing onely the best and chiefeste is better or more commendable then this nor any that longer prolongeth life and keepeth backe Didage so that the same consist and be wythin y limittes and compasse of temperatnes that is of hoate and moyst Therfore sithens this state among al that be compound is accoÌ„pted chiefeste wee muste stande vppon the discourse therof the more narowly and precysely and the rather because sundry PhysitioÌ„s make no mo but soure differences grounding their reasons and not altogether painly that it is not possible as Galene wytnessethâ— that any temperature or distemperature can long continue alone and symple For somuch as necessarilye it adopteth and taketh to it an other For y Hoate consumynge wastinge moysture engendreth and bryngeth drynesse Cold consuming wasting nothing after a sorte encreaseth humour Semblably the Dry quality in those ages that a Creature groweth and encreaseth maketh it hoater but when it decreaseth and draweth towarde decay it maketh colde and dryeth the solide partes of the body but the Receyuers and conceptacles of the humours it filleth wyth excrements which thing in Oldmen is plainly to be discerned perceyued who abouÌ„de and are ful of Phlegme spitting spatteringe aâ— theyr mouth with their Noses euer dropping and sneuillye Which thing later Phisitions eueÌ„ of our time as yet obseruing reiecting symple temperatures which notwythstanding may not wel be
throughlye and exactly concocted and of the nature of those parts wherin they be laboured become in colour as wee see white and mylkie Thus also the Lyeuer being of substauÌ„ce as it were coagulate bloud engendreth a raddy liquide substaunce the Lunges causeth a fomie froathie licour the commissures or setting together of the Ioyntes a glewish humour the toÌ„gue spettle the holow bones produce and bring forth white marowe as the Ridge bone of the backe the brayne do where al 's thinges are exactlye laboured For in Lambes and other yong cattel the marow is not white but bloudy Euery part therefore of the body worketh his humour like to it selfe and transmuteth it into the nature wherof it selfe is No man therfore ought to thincke it absurdly spoken in sayinge and affyrminge Phlegme by the force and facultie of the Lyeuer to be altered and chaunged into Bloud And this liquide thinne humour in the bodyes of all Creatures is to purpose and vse no lesse profitable then necessary For being conueighed euery way into the Veynes it qualefyeth and alayeth the heate of Bloud Choler finally it maketh the Ioyntes nymble and styrringe kepinge them from beinge stiffe and lumpish through drynesse and last of al it nourisheth all Phlegmaticke members and them continueth in lusty state And although there be commonly no certaine place assigned where Phlegne resteth yet the greatest part is still in the Stomack or ventricle wherin the meate is first boyled and altered into a thinne iuyce or liquide substaunce For we see men that haue surcharged theyr Stomackes in vomyting and perbraking sometimes to cast vp great abundance of loathsome clammie tough Phlegme or to scowre and euacuate the same through the guttes those I meane that haue excessiuelye and ingluuiouslye surphetted eyther in eating or drinking Whose heades consequently being filled wyth moystysh vapours those fumosities strykinge vpwarde as in a Stillatorie grow into a thicke fylthy and sneuillie phlegme whereby throughâ— coldnes of the brayne the parties becommeth subiect and open to sundrye diseases as the Poze Murre Hoarsenes Coughe and many others of which sort is the Rheume or distillation of humours from the heade wherewith in the Lowe Countryes of Belgia both rich and poore highe and low in Wynter season are much troubled fynde by experience to bee true and yet they be people commonly healthy and as sounde as a Bell. In perfect Health and throughly sound But vvhen that Phlegme doth much abound Insomuch that I sometimes am dryuen into a wonder to consyder how such abundance of filthie humours shoulde rest in the head which nature one whyle at the mouth an other whyle at the Nose and Throte expelleth and purgeth The head therfore and the Stomacke namely and much more then any of the other parts are pestered with the excrement of Phlegme specially if a man vse to eate such meates as be cold and moyst and discontinue exercyse whereby it happeneth that this humour being too crude is very hardly to be concocted and brought into an holesome iuyce profitable auayleable for the body For it is a certayne vliginous moystishnes and superfluous excrement which ought rather to be sent out and purged that waye which nature speciallye alloweth and whereby most conuenientlye she is wonte to exonerate herselfe For as the originall of this inconuenience beginneth first at the Stomacke and afterward infesteth the heade as we may plainly perceiue obserue by Wyne copiouslye quaffed and swilled which althoughe it descende downe into the Stomacke yet doth it assayle and distemper the heade it standeth vs therfore vpoÌ„ carefully to foresee y in those parts as litle of this Phlegmaticke excrement as may bee bee engendred because the harme and inconuenience redoundeth to the generall harme and detrimente of the whole body And as it fareth in a Realme or Kingdome in a Common wealth in a Cruile Pollicie or Corporation in anye Honourable householde or worshipfull Famylie so likewyse in the Body of man that disease of all others is moste daungerous ill which taketh his oryginall beginning at the heade and principall members For the harme diffuseth and spreadeth it selfe into all the inferiour partes of the body and them greatly damnifyeth As for more plainnesse let euery man take an example at any house which he enioyeth hath in occupation For euen as those houses that wil hold out neither wynde nor weather be very vnholesome to dwell in and a greate backfrend to health or when the Ridges or Roofes thereof bee ill tymbred and for wante of good lookinge too runneth in ruine and taketh water as often as anye rayne falleth So lykewyse as longe as the heade is distempered and affected wyth this baggage Phlegme and distilling Humour both it and the rest of the body can neuer be in perfect health For beinge it selfe of a cold and moyste nature it quickly drinketh vp vapours out of a watrish stomack beyng thereby replete wyth humiditye moysteneth likewyse those partes that be vnder it yea this distilling Phlegme is as noysome and greeuous to it as a brawling and scoulding wyfe is to a quiet man. For out of the heade continually do Humours distill and lyke soote oute of a Chymney fall downe into the Throate Eares Nose Eyes Breast and Lunges wherupon happen tumors swelling of the eyes Bleyreyednesse drynesse of sight whyzzing and running in the eares hardnesse of hearing and sometime behinde the eares Impostumes botches and wexekernelles besyde many sortes moe for the Instrumentes of the tongue be affected the voyce hindered yea sometime stopped that a man is not able to vtter out a plaine worde The Synâ—wes Pellicles Muscles Wesantpype and Veynes of the throte called Iugulares and the partes that serue to frame y voyce beyng surcharged wyth toomuch Humour as in dronkeÌ„ persoÌ„sis manifestly to be seene make the tongue vnperfecte foltering and stammering and all the members to reele and staggar their words double and not intelligible insomuch that at sometimes they bee not able to speake one plaine word nor in seÌ„sible tearmes to declare their owne meaning And thereby being by nature otherwise vnreadye and in vtteraunce staggering and now also throughly whitteled soaked in Wyne theyr tongue doubleth slammereth and foltereth a great deale more insomuche that they bring oute their wordes by stoppes and pauses like theÌ„ that haue the hicket such persons cannot speake softly and stillie because their voyce commonly is stopped and kept back which maketh them to force out their words the lowder They must therefore earnestlye striue and accustome themselues roundly and distinctly to deliuer out theyr wordes for otherwyse their tongue through defaulte and imbecillitye and lackynge stablenesse fayleth them and furthereth them nothing in theyr pronunciation but chatter babble so obscurely that no man can vnderstand any thynge of that they saye For we see them to be scarce able to vtter euen a few
woords wyth one streynable tenor and treatable vniformitie but sometime slowly and dreamingly drawyng them oute and sometime powryng oute by lumpes the same as fast as the tongue can rolle The selfe same thinge which superfluitye and distemperaunce of drincke bringeth vnto the haunters thereof doth the dystillation of Humours and defluxion of Phlegme bryng to them that be troubled with the Catarrhe which beside these is accoÌ„panyed also wyth suÌ„dry other incoÌ„ueniences to euery one of sharpe iudgement wel knowen and easelye perceyued For who so is disposed exactlye to syfte and searche oute the verye markes and tokens of a Cold and moyste Complexion shall finde them throughe abundaunce of that Humour and qualitye to bee sleepie lazye slouthful drowsie heauie lumpish and nothinge quicke at their busynesse as they commonlye bee which mynde nothinge else then gurmandyze and bellycheere and vse seldome exercise Wee see also amonge Beastes Fowles and other Creatures both wyeld tame that such as vse litle or no exercise but lurke still in hoales and Caues and be peÌ„t vp and franked cowpes are neither so holesome neyther so sit for man to eate as others that are greatly exercysed and vse much styrryng Such waxe in deede very fat and grow bigger bodyed I cannot deny but the nourishmente which they geeue to the bodye is somewhat vnholesome and excrementall as amonge fyshes Ecles and other slippery fyshes that lye stil myeringe themselues in mudde vsing no exercise styring or agitation of body And this is the cause why Eeeles being deade contrary to the nature of all other fyshes floate not aboue water by reason that they feede vppon muddie and standing water But that euery man maye throughly and perfectly know the state and coÌ„dition of this Body it must be painted oute in his righte colours and is to be descrybed by his owne proper indications markes and tokens All they therefore that are of this habite if their Constitution be naturall and not accidentallye happeninge are grosse pursie and fatte bodyed their stature not so tall as bigge set and stronglye pitched their skinne soft white and vnhayrie their Muscles and Ueynes not appearing but lying inwardlye insomuch that when occasion serueth to bee lette Bloud the same Ueynes do not apparauntlye shewe oute themselues The hayres of theyr head be eyther whyte or duskie blacke or els of the colour of Barley strawe which will not fall of nor become balde till after a longe time 〈◊〉 but they soone waxe hoarye for wante of heate and imbecillity of the member which is not of ability to excoct the nutriment into the vse and comelynes of Hayres For hoarynesse is as it were a certayne refuse vinewed baggage of Phlegme putrefyed or a fustie dankâ—shnesse vnder the skinne wherof throughe wâ—nte of heate proceedeth hoarynesse and whytenesse of the Hâ—yres Such a lyke hoarie Downe or vinewed mouldynesse wee see to bee in Loaues of Breade and Pyes that bee somewhat longe kepte vnspente and also in Vaultes Arche Roofes Syelynges hoales and Cellers vnder the grounde and other musty fulsome dark fylthy and stinking places Their Pysse and Uryne whyte and verye little or rather nothinge at all ruddie Theyr Excrementes and Ordure thinne and liquide theyr Sleepe verye sounde and longer then health requireth not without stoare of sundry Dreames whereby and not vainly or deceitfully maye bee neerely coniectured and founde oute of what disposition the body is and what Humours therein chiefely reigne For the causes and original beginninges of these thinges proceede oute of the body which althoughe they be referrible to outward causes or to the actioÌ„s and deuyses which the mynde earnestly conceyueth deliberateth and forecasteth in the daye time yet is it easye ynoughe for the learned and skilfull Physition to discusse the meaninges and expounde the euentes thereunto incident For as concerning Dreames by Diuine motion sent into the mynde of man not depending vppon naturall causes none is able to yeld anye certaine interpretation wythout a speciall pryuiledge of Heauenlye inspyration Thus they that be of Cold and moyst ComplexioÌ„ in Dreames imagine and thincke themselues dyuinge ouer head and eares in Water or to be in Bathes Baynes which strayght wayes argueth great stoare of Phlâ—gme to fall out of the head into the nape of their necke Iawes vocall Arterye and Lunges Semblably if they dreame of Hayle Snow Yse storme Rayne it betokeneth abundance of Phlegme sometime thicke and grosse sometime thinne and liquide If a man in his Dreame thincke himselfe to be styfeled and strangled or his voyce stopped taken from him it argueth him to be subiecte and like ynough shortly to be troubled wyth the SquiÌ„zie priuation of speach murre or finallye eyther the Drowsye sicknesse or the Apoplexie In this sort as Galene wytnesseth there was a certayne man which dreamed that one of his Legges was turned into a Stone which man within a whyle after throughe a colde Humoure that fell downe into it was taken wyth the Palsey Now althoughe too scrupulous and curious obseruation of Dreames bee prohibited yet is there no charge geeuen to the contrary but that wee maye lawfullye search out the meaninges of all such as consiste wythin the compasse and reason of thinges naturall the Authour and conseruer whereof is God himselfe so that wee do the same without anye superstitious vanity of Diuination neyther therin fixinge any assured hope and trust neyther terrifyed wyth any feare of the euentes thereof Whensoeuer therefore naturall Dreames do happen wherein be neyther mockeryes nor illusions of mynde for all these are banished put to flight by reposing a firme and constant trust in God they admonishe and put euerye man in remembraunce to looke wel to his health and to amooue and decline all such occasions and inconueniences as may eyther empayre and damnifye health or enforce any perturbatioÌ„s of Dreames For the Imaginations and phantasyes which in Sleepe be offered and seene apparaÌ„tly in Dreames by night when a man is at rest to occurre busye his mynde are caused and styrred by vapours fumes proceeding out of the humours agitation of the Spyrite Animall in some of which Dreames and Imaginations the mynde renueth the memorie and thinketh vppon some busynesse and actions that fall for the daye some plainly signifye the abundaunce of Humours or els some earnest greedy desyre to coÌ„passe somewhat which we would very fayne bring to passe Hereupon they that are thyrstie glut themselues and swill vp drincke abundantly they that be hungry deuoure meate greedily and insaciablye Thus lykewise they whose Genitoryes and priuie partes be swelled with stoare of excrementall Seede and spermatike Humour or in the daye tyme did earnestly fixe their eyes and mynde vppon anye beautifull and fayre yonge Woman do in their Sleepe thinck themselues to enioy their desyred purpose and throughe imaginatiue dealinge wyth her defyle themselues wyth nightlye pollutions For the
it is right excellent coÌ„fortable now then to smell to such things as yelde a sweete odoriferous sauour namely such as be of nature pearsing calefactiue as LignuÌ„ Aloes Clofegelofres Rosemary flowers Basil Nigella Ambregryce Syuet redde Roses Hony suckle flowers FreÌ„ch spyknard and many other y yelde forth a stronge smel but the seme right pleasaunt comfortable delightfull All these refresh the Spirits wyth their soote sauours wonderfullye comforte the Brayne If a man or woman seeme to outward iudgment in a maner past recouery and be broughte to extreeme obliuion as they be that haue y disease called Lethargus or the drowsye euill it shal be right good for them to annoynt the outsyde of their Nucha and nape of their necks wyth the Oyle of Castor Nigella Euphorbe Costus Rocket and inwardly to take a litle of the confection of Anacardus or els therewyth to rubbe the tongue For is dissolueth Phlegme that is extremelye colde moyst and viscous Insomuch that it restoreth speach to them that be striken wyth the Apoplexie and recureth the staggeringe and stayinge of the tongue bringinge it againe to his righte vse Which thinge maye also be done and broughte to passe wyth Oximel Scillit and Aqua vite wherein a fewe graynes of Rocket haue beene stieped Vnto these helpes in daungerous and desperate discrasies when nothing else will helpe we flee for refuge and succour but in distemperauÌ„ces and grieues that be myelder and not of such extremity others now rehearsed may serue as Syrupe de Stichade Dia Anthos dulcis Aurâ—a Alexandrina Dia castorium Pliris cum Musco Triacle and Mythridatum By experience and daily proofe it is founde true that Agalochus commonly called Lignum Aloes being eyther vsed in perfume or smelled vnto with the Nose hath a marueylous vertue to corroborate the Brayne refresh the Senses insomuch that beinge stamped puluerized and myngled wyth some Cloues and the boane of a Rauens harte and then all mixed with Oyle of Nigella hath such souereigne vertue in strengthening comfortinge y Braine that if the head of a Cocke be therewith annoynted he wil crowe continually without any ceassing ¶ Of the state and disposition of a hoate and dry body with a Discourse of the nature condition maners and inclination of a Cholericke person The v. Chapter FOrsomuch as among the outward things of Nature there is nothing of any longe continuaunce and stability neither that long keepeth it selfe at any certayne state and vigour but all subiect to decay alteration and case worse and worse truly the state of mankinde doth specially and more then anye other suffer sundry alterations and is subiecte to great chaunge and mutability Thus is a Hoate and Moyst Complexion in processe and tract of time brought into a state Hoat and Drye For Heate by litle and litle both slyly and closely wast and consume naturall Humour and bringeth all the body into drynesse which quality for prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe is the greatest ennemy that can bee For as the flame in a Torche or Taper feedeth vpon the combustible matter thereof and is therewith nourished which being all wasted and consumed the same flame also quencheth and no longer burneth so likewyse natiue heate by little and little weareth away and diminisheth the iuyce moysture wherewith it is nourished and finally bringeth the cause of destruction both to it self and to the whole body beside Nowe that constitution of body which consisteth of a hoate and dry qualitye and thereof hath his name hauinge warme Humour throughe these qualities encreased maketh and constituteth a Cholericke man by reason of the greate stoare of Choler which is in him of which Humour there be two sortes and differences the one natural the other besyde nature Natural Choler is the excrement of bloud concoct bitter in sauour and in colour and effect fyerie When the heate of the Lyuer is moderate then is it yealow and shyninge but when this viscositye is ouermuch enkindled then doth Choler also boyle with heate and is of colour darcke Yelowish like vnto Pruse Bier called in Dutche Iopen Bier or like vnto Oyle or melted Butter when it is burned and with much frying becommeth blackishe of colour whereby it commeth to passe that the colour before Yelowe chaungeth and is turned into a sadde blacke which sometime apparauntly vttereth and sheweth it selfe in the vtter parte of the skinne whensoeuer this Cholerique Humour diffuseth and disperseth it selfe into the same skinne Choler hath in the body two offices for parte of it being mixed wyth the bloud passeth into the Veynes to make the same more conuenientlye to penetrate into euery one of the narow passages to bee conueighed to such members as requyre haue neede of the nourishment of Choler The other part is sente to the bladder of the Gall annexed and tyed to the nether ende of the Lyuer wherein the wonderfull prouidence of Gods Almighty handyworke wel appeareth in y he hath appointed the same Entraile whereunto he hath geeuen an admyrable vertue to attract and helpe digestion to be also a receyuer and Receptorye of superfluous and vnprofitable Humour to th entent no harme or inconuenience should thereby in any wise happen to the other members For Choler is of that nature y yeldeth out a fiery force whose motion as it were a fier brande stirreth vp and inceÌ„seth our minds to hasty moodes and furious rages And for this cause Angre is defined to be a heate and certaine boylinge of the Bloud aboute the Heart wherewith the Braine also beinge excyted by Choler is set in a heate and testines desyrous of reueng whensoeuer any iniury is offered And to the lower parts prouoke and irrite the Guttes and Bowelles to auoyde superfluous excrementes For which purpose Natures prouidence hath deuised and framed sundry passages needeful for y purginge conueighaunce and euacuation of all such superfluous Humours to witte the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum which through the sowrenes of Choler flowinge into it continuallye dryueth out the Excrements the Bladder Eares and Pores appointed for the auoydaunce and expulsion of sweate And in the most parte of these if obstructions shoulde happen all the whole fylthy masse of noysome Humour is thereby kept within the body and then geeueth violente assaulte to some of the principall partes So when the bagge or Bladder of the Gall or Receptacle of Choler is not able to exonerate it selfe of that baggage drosse and superfluity which it drewe from the Lyuer it emptyeth and casteth it eyther into the Uentricle or els into the holownesse of the Lyuer And thus it commeth to passe that Choler being diffused and spred ouer all the body imperteth both his qualitye and colour to the Bloud Hereof commeth the Iaundice named Morbus Regius for y it requyreth a moste exquisite dict and Princelike fare which
impudently presumyng to shuffle themselues into euery companye and place of assembly hauing an Oare in euery mans Boate and entermedling in other mens matters wherin they haue nothing to deale In Sleepe very vnquiet leaping sometime out of their bedds because their Spyrits be very hoat which incyte awake theÌ„ vp euen beyng a sleepe to motion walking about For Choler frameth and fashioneth the mynds of men many wayes producing and causynge in them diuers maners phansyes delightes and inclynations And hereuppon it happeneth that whosoeuer is of a hoate and drye Constitution reckened in the number of Cholericke men is naturally fierce arrogante imperious stately vntractable and vnruly Quicke testy not entreatable of stomacke very stoute Not thinking Lavves vvere for them made but fight and blade it out This is my vvill this is my hest thus shall it be I say Thus I commaunde my vvill in steede of reason beareth svvay But as hee is by Nature verye testye and soone angry so is his Cholerique moode soone alayed and pacifyed Nowe sythens besyde yealowe Choler which onely is called Naturall there be dyuers other differences thereof also wee muste orderlye entreate as occasion falleth out of euery one particulerly First of Yelowe Choler is engendred Pale or of the colour of a Pomecytron meane betwene greene and yelowyshe It beareth chiefe swaye at the beginninge of the Sprynge in yonge men and bodyes not yet come to their full growth when as freshe Bloude newlye sprowteth in theyr Bodyes Whereuppon that Age speciallye at this tyme of the yeare is muche subiecte to Tertian Agewes namelye if this Humoure throughe obstruction do putrefye and beynge scattered withoute the Veynes happen to bee enflamed Muche lyke whereunto is the Bastard Tertian so called for that it is engendred not altogether of Yelowe Choler but hath some part of Phlegme also ioyned wyth it For Burning Agewes do proceede and be enkindled of redde Choler putrefyinge and rotting within the Veynes which bringe a man into ydle talke Phrenste and rauing For they that be herewith affected conceyue in theyr myndes certayne fonde and absurde imaginations thinking themselues to see some tertible apparitioÌ„s and sights wherby in the nights they be greatly troubled in their sleepes and sore affrighted Tost and turmoylde vvith dreadfull dreames and grysly griepes by night Vext vvith vaine terrours in their Sleepe appearing to their sight They dreame of fyer and burning of houses Townes and thincke all the worlde to be in an vprore and hurly burlye killinge and sleying one an other and some of these phantasticall imaginations sometime happen to a man wythout any Agewe when as the fumosity of Choler stryketh vp into the Brayne Which if they happen of any longe continuaunce to disturbe the bodye and mynde it shal be most expedient to take an other order of diet and foorthwyth to purge Choler by vomyte sweate and euacuation by Siege which may be conueniently done wyth Radix Pontica and such things as prouoke Vryne as these Herbes Alkakengie Sperage Gardeyne Parslye Anyse seede and Fenell seede forbearyng all hoate fat and sweete meates which are very apte to be turned into Choler excepting onelye Reysons Liquirice and onely to eate such thinges as are of vertue to qualefye and alay the heate of Bloud And specially Sleepe must be prouoked with Lactuce and other salet herbes that do humecte and refresh the Brayne and all other parts of the body For albeit to hoat and dry complexions and all Cholericke persons many things be both hurtful and pernicious yet is nothing more noysome and preiudiciall then vnseasonable labour watch long forbearing of victuals fumish anger and testynesse Venus and immoderate company of Women For euery of these doth waste and consume the strength and powers of Nature neyther may any thing be conueniently taken froÌ„ them that be drye and leane maye marye they had rather neede to be franked and tenderlye fedde with delicate fare and deinty cheere to restoare and mayneteyne them then eyther to be skanted or to take that which wasteth nature For es Cattle best lyketh in raÌ„ke pasture wherin is good grasse and water ynough so do they of this Complexion require exquisite fare And euen as those Trees and Sprayes that do not burgen and ramifye would not be lopped nor cutte so likewise wearish weakened bodyes lacking many things in respect of a firme habite of bodely constitutioÌ„ oughte not in any parte to be weakened neyther can well spare any thinge to be taken away from them But there is an other kinde of Choler swaruing and degenerating from Natural order and meane called of Phisitions Yolkie Choler borowing his name of the yolke of an Egge whose colour and consistencie it doth neerelye resemble For by meanes of his excessiue heate it is thickishe and of colour fâ—ery and verye yelowe which if it should happen to putrefye and bee enflamed it breedeth Agues most ardente and burning Therefore forsomuch as this kinde of Choler is shrunke and gone from mediocritye it shal be expedient to frame a cleane contrary diet and to ensue an other maner of order for the subduing and dryuing away of this straung quality For if a man should still cheerish and tender it with his like nourishmentes he should do nothing else but exasperate the distemperaunce encrease the tyranny therof and make it more vehement There is also an other kinde of Choler called Leekish so named because it is as grene as a Leeke which is bred and engendred in the Stomacke through naughty and corrupte iuyce of certain grosse potherbes of which sort are Garlicke Leekes Onyons Cresses Rocket Colewortes Betes Cheruyle For when as Nature is not able to subdue and mayster these and suche like nourishmeÌ„ts they be tourned into a Leekish or greene Choler which being sometime parbraked and cast vp by vomyte leaue in the tongue Chawes a certayne bitter relice and sharpe sauour insomuch that with other sweete licour it is hard to be gotten away and abolished Also this noysome Humour sometime is engendred in the Lyuer and Veynes by meanes of some greeuous sicknes wheÌ„ as yolkie coloured Choler is adust with vehement inflammation of straunge heate which to vomyte vp by perbraking Hippocrates affirmeth to be most daungerous Out of this proceedeth yet an other excremeÌ„t worse then any of the rest called of a likenes that it hath with rusty brasse Rusty or Brassie Choler which is engeÌ„dred of Leekish or greene Choler vehemently adust For when the humidity is with intensed heate excocted it becommeth dry resembleth the rust of Brasse which thinge wee may plainly perceiue by hoat glowing things extremely burnt in the fyer whereunto the nature of Choler maye verye aptly be compared For the force and vertue of fier chaungeth the wood first into burning coales then into blacke coales and last of all when the fyer hath quite consumed all and heate is
into the Lowe Countryes to slaunche and sill the glutting desyre and greedynesse of some which beinge very sower in tast insomuch that it seemeth to take away the vpper skinne of the tongue theyr vse is to condite wyth hony and hony combes to make it for them that haue quaysye stomackes better relyced pleasaunter in taste And as the dreggs mother or settlinges of Oyle reteyne a tallage of the Oyle and as the Lees of Wyne keepe a certayne tast relyce and smell of the Nature of Wyne Euen so MelaÌ„cholicke iuyce which proceeded from Bloud reteyneth the spettle and tast thereof Wherefore this Humour maye seeme somewhat vnproperly to be called Atra bilis sythens there is in it no adustion but as Galene sayth a bloud or Melancholike iuyce which is nothinge els then the dryer and thicker parte of bloud altogether lyke vnto dregges and Lees that settleth in the bottom of the vessel and conserueth the strength vigour of the Wyne and suffreth it not to wast and vanish And as the Lees or Dregges of Wyne called in Dutch Droesen or Moeder serue to good vse and purpose for the making of Aqua vite wythall Euen so Melancholicke iuyce which it I may so plainly terme it is y setling and refuse of Bloud hath in it an holesom vse and commodity For one part goeth into the Veynes and helpeth bloude the other part much like to the former is drawen by the Lyuer into the Splene or Mylt hauing thence afterwards issue into the Stomacke on the left syde wherof it lyeth styrreth vp appetite to meat throughe the sharpnesse and sowrenes that is in it This viscous substaunce being soft thinne fungous and like vnto a SpuÌ„ge is the ChaÌ„ber of MelaÌ„cholie and a Receptory appoynted by nature to draw out vnto it the dregges of Bloude and sometimes so much swelled wyth aboundaÌ„ce of excrements as though it would oppresse and kill a maÌ„ according whereunto the Cappadocian Baude in Plautus bewayleth his owne case in these woords My health decreaseth day by day My paine encreaseth on as fast My svvagging Mylt doth eu'ry vvay like gyrdle rounde begyrde my vvast A man vvould iudge that I did beare vvithin my Beally Children tvvayne VVretch that I am I greatly feare least burste I shall in middle plaine Which part of the body because it is a great hinlet to nymblenes and agilitye and a fowle cuÌ„bersome loade to Runners Postes Currours and speedy Messengers the ignoraunt commoÌ„ people sometime thoughte and were perswaded that the beste waye was cythe to haue this viscous substaunce quight taken out or els to be cauteryzed But in very deede it is not without great daunger and hazard of life to be taken oute no more then the Testicles or Stones can from the Castor which is a kinde of Beaste that lyueth both in water and on land whom huÌ„ters reporting a flymflam tale of Robinhoode do absurdely affyrme that wyth their owne teeth they byte away their owne Stones and for sauegarde of their lyues throwe the same at those which pursue and chase them Yet notwithstaÌ„ding this viscousnes if it swel and bolne ouermuch may be qualefyed kept downe and repressed by vsing Roman coÌ„moÌ„ Wormwood â—etrach Polipodie Sene Epythyme Rosemary Capers Doder Fumitory Hartstongue bitter Almonds Peach kernels Tamarixe swete Broome For the more that it encreaseth waxeth bigger the more the bodye pyneth away becoÌ„meth leaner so that very aptly did Traiane the Emperour compare lyken a Princes Exchequer to the Splene For as when a Princes Coffers be full stuffed his Treasuries enriched that common people be wringed pinched empouerished so wheÌ„ the Splene waxeth bigge encreaseth the body is pyned away and wasted with leannesse For somuch therefore as God his carefull prouidence hath made and ordeyned this meÌ„ber to purefie y Lyuer to purge and skum awaye the grosse feculent part of the Bloud it staÌ„deth euery maÌ„ in hand by al meanes possible carefully to forsee y it incurre not any inor take any harme For if the Splene or Mylte should suffer obstruction or fall into imbecillitye and weakenes the MelaÌ„cholike iuyce disperseth it selfe into euery part of the body makinge the skinne to be of a sootie and dunne colour and further disquieteth the mynde wyth sundry straung apparitions and phantasticall imaginations But if it throughlye perfourme the office for which it was ordeyned do exactly drincke vp y drossie feculencie of Bloud it maketh a maÌ„ thervppon wonderfull meerye and iocunde For when the Bloud is syncerely purefyed and from all grossenes and feculencie purged the Spyrits consequently are made pure brighte and cleare shyninge Whose purity and clearenes causeth the mynde to reioyce and amonge meery companioÌ„s to laughe and delight in pretie deuyses mery coÌ„ceiptes and waÌ„ton phansies Which thing likewyse commonly happeneth to them that moysten and whittle themselues well wyth wyne who althoughe otherwyse in dealinges they be naturallye sterne and surlie and outwardlye in countenaunce and maner of gate pretendinge a kinde of seuerity Yet beinge somewhat heated wyth Wyne and lighting in the company of amorous beautifull Damosells they set cocke on hoope and shake away from them al their former grimnes and wayward maners and become as meery as the meryest And thus haue I my selfe knowen some and that of no meane callinge who eyther through inclynation of their Nature or custome of lyfe cleane geeuen from all companye lookinge wyth face and countenaunce grimâ—â—e and seuere wyth browes knyt together frowninge wyth eyes sullen sterne terrible glauncing asyde and eskaÌ„ted ynough to make such as meete them afrayde to loke vppon them who notwythstaÌ„ding when they haue beene in company with yonge pleasaunte Maydens and meery Gentlewomen haue for the whyle forgone layed asyde their seueritye and Stoycal precysenes and in Dauncinge haue shaken their legges and footed it as roundly as the best But the meery conuocation being dissolued and the solemne myrthe fynished haue eftsones retourned to their Olde Nature wanted maners and accustomed grauity My aduyse and counsell to them in this case is to exhort them to vse such mery compaignyes and often to frequent such pleasauÌ„t conferences thereby to acquainte themselues wyth curtesye familiar humanitye discontinuinge and abandoning that their former counterfeite and disguysed seuerity and to dispose their minds to the wel lyking of Nuptiall society To them therefore that be Splenetique and sicke of the Mylte and to as many moe as are of Nature sorowfull lumpish and sowâ—â—measurable drynking of Wyne exercyse of body company meery felowship bryngeth both a sound health and a pleasauÌ„tnes of lyfe For by framyng themselues this way naturall heate is strengthened and lyke fier with often styrring and rakinge begiÌ„neth to shyne glitter sparckle the wearyed and laÌ„guishing spyrits when this synke of MelaÌ„cholie is once exhausted al fuliginousnes banished are reuiued with their
is therefore blacke of coloure when it is not much aduste burned enflamed like vnto Walworte or Elder berryes Pryuet Peonie beries or the Kernelles of blacke Cheryes and blacke Grapes the iuyce whereof dyeth and coloureth a mans hands wyth a blacke or bloudy colour And if it happen to bee enflamed and set in extreme heate then is it of coloure entermingled with a purple shyning lyke glowyng hoat Gold newly burnt in the fyer If it be immoderatelye and toomuch enflamed it bringeth the mynde into furious fitts phrenticke rages and brainsicke madnesse Contrarylye when all thinges consiste wythin mediocritye it causeth and bringeth forth sharpnesse of witte excellency of learning subtility of inuentiō eloquence of tongue right skilful vtteraunce with knowledge howe to speake The last kinde of Melancholy is engendred of the adustion o◠Phlegme Forasmuch therfore as there be so many sorts of Melācholie and because Melancholique persons be of so sundry cōditions maners natures inclinatiōs bodely proportions complexiōs colours therfore euery one must be founde out and knowen by the proper markes and tokens peculiar incident and appertayning to them For they that be broughte into this case and habite by Choler or bloud adust haue bigge swolne veynes for they swell wyth wyndynes their bodyes tawnie coloured and very rough withall thicke hatred and bushie by reason of thabundaunce of heate swelling and bigge lippes by reason of the concourse of Humour and flatuous spyrite into the higher parts wheruppon it also happeneth that their eyes sometime be eminent and bearing out Againe sometime whē Humours decrease hollow and standyng inwarde sometime swyft mouing and twynckling sometimes staying vnmoueable and not at all quiuering the tōgue which is interpreter of all secreets of the mynde somewhile quicke and ready somewhile stammering foltering vnable to delyuer out a playne word which distemperaunce and affecte may many tymes happen by occasion of the time of the yeare Age Countrey weather foggie and dimme or fayre and cleare and finallye by the quality of meate and drincke and hereuppon maye it be endūed with some cold Humour This Humour is manyfolde and of sundrye sorts wonderfullye framinge in the bodyes and mynds of men diuers dispositions and in them constituting sundry habites maners and conditions For it may after a sort be resembled vnto Yron Seacoales or Charcoales which beinge flered appeare glowing hoate shyning lyke burnished Golde and burninge the members of the touchers but being quenched they looke blacke cankered rustie Euen so Melancholie albeit it be cold and drye and in colour drawinge somewhat vnto blacknes yet reteyneth it some heat of the faculty and nature of that frō whēce it came that is to saye Choler or Bloud For so the Dregges or mother of Oyle the feees or vineger of Wyne Embers and Coales retayne and haue a certaine smacke or nature of the Brandes whē they smoaked and were on fler Therefore Melancholie is not altogether without heate but reteyneth some deale of that quality in it For although it be a long while ere it wyll be enflamed and throughly heated like Yron which must both be mollifyed and tempered wyth force of moste ardent bituminous coales also with the helpe of blowing Bellowes for the making of the same malleable apt to the Forge Anuile yet beyng once throughly heated hath such an excessiue glowing ardentnes y there cānot be any thinge more adustiue And hereupon in a maner all at one instāt without any time betwixt do we see them sodeinly chaūged frō laughter myrth into sorrow pēstuenes For whē this Humor is once heated because frō it proceede come bright syncere Spirits these Melancholike persons are exceedingly set vpō their mercy pin past al godsforbod iocund pleasurably geeuen to singing daūcing skippīg spōrting cōtrary to their accustomed to eueryone curteous affable liberal and frendly yea altogether pleasauntlye disposed and not squemish to offer a kind kisse embracemēt vnto any lusty wench and nothing then so much desyring as mariage therby to enioy the hoped fruict of Children and to haue their name in remembraunce to posterity very earnestlye bewaylinge their losse of former time repenting that they had not long agone tyed themselues to the World maryed But when this great heat is cold and the earnest panges of this newfāgled mynde settled whē their Bloude waxeth cold their spyrites at reste they go backe from all former resolutions and are ready to vnsaye al that euer they sayde before They condemne and deteste yesterdayes deedes and are much ashamed of their owne ouerslight and foolishnes Whensoeuer therefore Melancholie groweth into much coldnes it taketh away from a man his sharpenes of witte and vnderstandinge his assured hope and confidence and all his manlye strength and courage so that he hardly eyther attempteth or archieueth any matter of excellency worthynes for such be doltish dull slow and lūpishe vnapt to atteyne learne and conceyue anye good disciplines or commendable Arts and this happeneth in that kinde of Melācholie which is mixed wyth greate stoare of colde and toughe Phlegme Whereby it commeth to passe that such kinde of men lyke Asses or other brute beastes be blockish vnapt dull and forgetfull But they whose Melancholie is wyth moderate heat qualefyed and with Bloud other syncere Humors humected alayed haue excellēte good witts and sharpe iudgements and seeme to doe many thinges so notablye as thoughe they were furthered and inspyred by some Diuine instincte or motion And for this cause doth Aristotle not vnaptly lyken compare this Humour vnto Wyne For as Wyne produceth and causeth sundry the same verye ridiculous fashions according to the seuerall nature of euery man and according to the effect and operation of the Wyne it selfe for one force and effecte hath Spanishe wyne an other French an other Maluesye an other Corsycke and an other Rhenish so Melancholie causeth diuers maners and sundry constitutions And hereuppō in the Dutch phrase of speach there are reckened vp certaine conditions and delightes of Drunken men Some beinge cupshot are contentious brawling Some stil and neuer a woorde but mumme Some verye babblatiue and keeping a foule coyle some weeping howling and heauy couraged Yea some of this beastly Crew we see to be threatners cruel bitter fierce spightful arrogant selfwilled vain-glorious proude wanton lasciuious toying full of foolishe gesture vnquiet vnstable geeuen to carnall Luste and loues desire but as Iuuenall sayth VVhich haue great lust to Venus game Yet in the Act vveake faint and lame For drunkards and Melancholike persons are very lecherous and desyrous of womens cōpanye by reason that theyr genitall members swell and be wyth inflations distended but all their courage is streightwayes layed and al venerous lustynesse soone quayled insomuch that their wyues manye tymes be defeacted of theyr hope and thincke themselues wyth childe
Bedde and with the other counterfect dead men fedde very well and largelye and after Supper was hee broughtt into a Sleepe by a drincke of purpose made for that intent For they that bee distraught of their right witts must be handled artyficially and by no way so soone recured and broughte into order as by Sleepe So by Sybilla as Virgill wryteth was tamed That Hellish Curre enradge vvith hungry crop That Cerberus vvith throates vvyde open three VVas luld brought a sleepe vvith charmed sop VVhich vp he slapt vvith fangs full meerely As gub that hurled vvas to him for fee VVith druggs and hony made full svvete to bee It resteth now to shew by what meanes order Melancholike affections many be expugned or at least mitigated Fyrst we must search out howe and whereupon this disease toke his beginning and in what part if consisteth For seyng there be iii. differences of Melancholie one principally affecting the Brayne and other the whole bodye the thirde Hypocondriacall or flatuous which comming of crudity and ill Humours distempereth the Brayne by consente these do requyre to be by sundry and seueral wayes recured If the whole bodye therefore be opplete and filled wyth Melancholie iuyce it shal be best to beginne the cure wyth letting the party Bloud in the reste this remedie is thoughte vnprofitable and to no purpose except ouermuch abundaūce of Bloud seeme to requyre the same Thus also for the Stitch swelling of the Splene or for a Quartaine Ague it is right excellēt and good to be let bloud in the Veyne called Splenetica in the inside of the left Arme. Furthermore forasmuch as these kinds of mē be for the most parte costyue it shal be very profitable and requisite gently to make them soluble laxatyue with Aloe Epithyme smal fearne For when the Entrailes be slipperye and that the excrements may conueniently scowre awaye and be auoyded lesse vapours and fumosyties do ascend and stryke vp warde wherefore Hippocrates is of opynion that it is righte holesome for persons Splenetique and Melancholicke to be laxatiue Finallye that the Hemerrhoydes swellinge of the Ueynes with Melācholyke bloud swellinge of the tuell and the Pyles to breede and swell in the Fundemente and neyther partes is for theym that be frantique and out of the righte course of their wits very good And although euill Spyrites dommixe thēselues with humours making y same a great deale fiercer and vehementer yet the chiefeste cause and founteine of all this mischiefe and inconuenience is to bee imputed to the outrage and domination of Humours For when noysom Humours be purged grosse fumosities dispersed the furie is well calmed and the mind broughte agayne into his former state and perfection Therefore it shal be moste for their ease profite to procure euacuatiō to the whole body namely by the part whereby nature most alloweth to be purged and that leysurably and by conueniente order of times for it is not good to stirre such coales as these wyth any stronge medicines and purgations then must they haue prescrybed vnto them a right good and precise diet and eschue all such things as engēder thick bloud as Beefe and Bulles flesh Bacon and such as hath beene long bryned or hanged in the smoke and hardned wherūto are to be added Brawn Beares flesh and Venyson ofred Deere whiche cōmonly is brought in for a seruice at Noble mens tables Hares flesh which cōmonly is vsed for a festiuall dish to furnish out the Table when frends meete to make meerye Insomuch that I cannot but meruayle at the vsuall fashion of Dutchmen and Netherlanders amonge whom this fleshe is as highly estemed desyred as anye neyther thincke they any banquet sumptuous festiuall ynough vnlesse one dish therof be Hare whereas no flesh in y world is neerer of nature vnto Melacholie then it For it is cold dry vnlesse the seely beast bee firste well coursed and hunted for that is the way to make it somewhat more hoat toothsome and holesome Euery part of this beast is of a drying force vertue is endued with an astringent facultye both the hayres the skinne the bloud the Mawe and the flesh For the Mawe of a Hare myngled wyth red Wyne and dronck stoppeth the bloudy Flixe y commeth of the excoriation and gnawīg of the bowelles it also stayeth womens termes the haires being burnt or chopped smal are a present and right souereigne thing to stay any great fluxe of bloude in a wounde The Brayne wasteth the superfluous moysture and dryuelinge of the mouth and maketh the teeth to grow y Huckle boane the commissures ligaments thereof are good to breake the stone The flesh also of an Hare if it be much eaten and vsed cureth the rewine that falleth out of the head and helpeth y Epilepsie or falling Sicknes which is a disease engendered of grosse and clammie Phlegme so that ech one of these doth sufficientlye proue this Beast to be drye Melancholike as the whole condition and nature thereof plainly sheweth namely the fleshe which in colour enclyneth to a blacknesse Now whereas some both of old later time haue beene and yet be perswaded that the eating of Hares flesh maketh men pleasaunt and merily disposed and not that onely but also in bodelye shape and coūtenance to be faire galant beautiful I do not thinke neither am I of opyniō the any such thing can happen through eating the flesh of such a fearefull and timorous seely Creature but the rather hereuppon it had his beginning because whē meery Compaignions are disposed to make good cheere they commonly vse to inuite call into their compaignies some beautifull Damosells and pleasaunt Peates to passe away the time more merily whereas they that be of small accoumpt and harde fauoured to the eye are neuer requested vnto any such pleasurable assembly but be suffred to sit still at home being reputed in cōparison but as grosse Stuffe of the second sort and such as neuer according to the prouerbe tasted or eate of an Hare Which thinge the Poet Martial in a certayne pleasaunt Epigrāme doth intimate vnto his Ladye and Mistresse in words to this effect O Gellia Lady myne thou sayest vvhen Hare thou sendste to mee Dayes seuen Marke thou shalt be fayre and beautifull of glee If these thy vvords svveete heart be true and roue not out of square Then surely Gellia thou thy selfe not yet hast eaten Hare Which opynion of auncient long time agone in many mens heads settled I suppose hereuppon toke his first beginning for hither to of none hath it beene expounded that he which had been at any solemne festiual banquet such I means wherein Hare is one seruice appeareth for the next seuen dayes curteous pleasaunt iocund and ful of mery conceipts For when a man hath bene in pleasaunt company and at good cheere where all thinges