in the Lungs and causes a plentiful evacuation of froth The slime that is also voided proceeds from the Glandules of the Wind Pipe which are provok'd to frequent Contractions by the Anxiety of the Breast and so separate large quantities of serum which accompanies the Air in Exspiration Besides the Pituitous Membran being straiten'd by this Anxiety Distills a viscous Lymph upon the Wind Pipe which helps to make up the quantity The remote causes of this stagnation which the Ancients erroneously miscall'd a Catarrh are 1. The redundancy or over-bearing Turgescence of Blood 2. The Viscidity of the Blood occasion'd by Crude Chyle 3. It s Coagulation caus'd by cold Air by an inconsiderat assumption of cold Water immediatly after great heats by fear or by the Influence of a Vicious Acid. 4. The accidental obstruction of the Lungs by Stones Excrescences c. The symptoms are a sense of weight upon the Breast difficulty of breathing danger of Choaking a very slow pulse and sometimes a Cough and a fatal evacuation of froth and slime 'T is distinguish'd from an Apoplexy by the difficulty of Respiration and lowness of the Pulse For Cure Blood-letting is absolutely necessary and ought to be perform'd betimes after which a sharp Clyster may be injected and scarifying Cupping-Glasses applied to several parts of the Body Then give Sperma Ceti to a dram in Hyssop Water Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar or its Spirit Prepar'd with Verdigris Saffron Volatil salt of Amber Spirit of Hartshorn Crabs Eyes Diaphoretic Antimony the Juice of the flowers of red Dasies and the Vulnerary herbs especially the Juice of Radishes are also very proper As for the Ligatures Frictions Cataplasms Plaisters Gargarisms c. recommended by the Ancients they are of no use as being only contriv'd in pursuit of their mistake assigning a Chimerical defluxion from the Head for the cause of this disease These three different sorts of choaking Diseases miscall'd Catarrhs ought to be carefully distinguish'd by reason that their Cures are so very different SECT XV. Of the accidents that disturb the transformation of the Chyle and fermentation of the Blood THE Chyle being separated in the Guts and convey'd thro' the milky vessels into the Conduit of the Breast joyns the Blood in the left Subclavian Vein and by vertue of fermentation is wrought into the same colour and consistence This Fermentation which for the most part assimilates the Chyle springs from the Vital Spirit and saline principle lodg'd in the Blood which is enliven'd and reinforc'd by the continu'd supplies of the air receiv'd in the Lungs For the Chyle is carried up to the Subclavian Vein in order to have a shorter passage into the Lungs where the mixt Composure of Blood and Chyle is dissolv'd and rarify'd the acid and urinous Salts are disengaged and render'd volatil which by justling and encountring each the other produce a notable Fermentation by virtue of which the Sulphureous and Volatil parts joyn together and are invested with a red Colour Besides the Chyle is tinctur'd with the Sulphur of the Choler in the Guts and so predispos'd to a likeness and easy union with the Blood This Transformation of the Chyle is not accomplish'd by one single passage thro' the Lungs but must be compleated by repeated Circulations along with the Blood Which truth is plainly made out by the Chyle or Milky liquor that swims upon Blood drawn forth four or five hours after eating So that the mass of Blood consists naturally of Chyle and Blood which being perfectly mix'd make up an univocal Homogeneous Liquor 'T is true the Ancients speak of four humours c. as being different ingredients of the Blood which they infer'd from the apparent unequal condition or the several parts of Blood drawn forth from the Body but that is owing only to its Corruption or alteration occasion'd by the Nitrous Salts of the Air. Upon which account all special predictions grounded on the external appearance of Blood are frivolous and uncertain This regular Fermentation and Assimilation is disordered by the defects of the Chyle or the Blood The former may be cast into three heads 1. When the Chyle is not sufficiently digested attenuated and volatilis'd in the Stomach 2. When it is not duely tinctur'd with the Oyly Sulphur of the Choler 3. When the Choleric or pancreatic Juices are tardy in separating its dregs The Latter into these 1. When the Motion of the Blood is rais'd beyond its natural pitch 2. When 't is depress'd and diminish'd 3. When its substance is adulterated The signs by which we descry a disorderly fermentation are the pulse and urine But they are oft-times fallacious For the pulse may be immediately influenc'd by the Animal Spirits without any dependance upon the fermentation of the Blood and the Urine may be disguis'd by drinking or the disorders of the solid parts imploy'd in that service The immediat cause of a disorderly fermentation of the Blood is the degeneracy of the Urinous and Acid Salts from their due proportion and harmony The remote causes are the various Contagious particles convey'd into the Body with the Air or any other vehicle antecedent losses of Blood disorders of the Bowels c. The Cure is perform'd by Saline Remedies calculated for the particular indisposition of the Blood and vary'd according to the difference of Temperaments Of which more above CHAP. I. Of Feavers in general A Feaver is a vicious fermentation of the Blood in which its temperament is deprav'd and the whole Body disorder'd The infinite variety of Feaverish ferments occasions a great many various depravations of the Blood But in general the formal Essence of all Feavers consists in a preternatural fermentation of the Blood occasion'd by a foreign ferment which sometimes immediately affects the Blood sometimes the Spirits and sometimes both at which time Nature indeavours to throw out the heterogeneous particles In order to make this appear let us Consider the following Remarks 1. That the eating of Summer Fruits frequently causes Feavers Now these are indow'd with a notable propensity to ferment 2. That Cold or what ever impairs the insensible transpiration produces the like effect Now the Vicious Salts thus imprison'd and overflowing in the Blood cannot affect it any other way than by creating a fermentation 3. That Feavers insue the inspiration of Contagious particles which naturally propagate by fermenting 4. That the Rotten Feavers mention'd by the ancients are only explicable by the Doctrine of fermentations for no living thing can be properly intitled to putrefaction unless by it be meant a turbulent confus'd motion proceeding from the dissolution of contrary Salts as that of Spirit of Vitriol and Oyl of Turpentin The Common Symptoms of Feavers are likewise vouchers for the fermentation that causes ' em These are commonly reckon'd four viz. 1. An alteration of the pulse 2. A Chilness shivering and shaking 3. Excessive heat 4. The Change of Urine both as to the Liquor and what it contains
not so easily diluted as otherwise This Salt is of an Alcalin nature contrary to that which causes immoderat Hunger The privative cause is the Defect of Saliva whose Office 't is to water those parts and dilute the Salts The remote external Causes are Purging Medicines Pepper Salt Spices Arsenic sublimat Mercury talking loud sleeping with the Mouth open c. The internal remote Causes are the prevalency of a bitter Oyl in the Choler depraving the Lymph an Oyly sharpness in the Saliva occasion'd by Catarrhs extravasation of Serum or Scorbutic glutinous Lymph the Deficiency Glutinosity and Saltish sharpness of the Saliva as in Feavers Phthisicks Hectics c. To which we may add the disorder diversion or paucity of the Spirits which hinder the due secretion of the Spittle as in the Instances of Weakness Fatigue Anger Pain c. The heat of the Blood in the Lungs and dejection of the Appetit in the Stomac have likewise a great hand in causing Thirst Sometimes Thirst is attended by a Feaverish heat at other times it is quite free of it as in Scorbutic Hydropic and Catarrhous cases In general a sudden Thirst without any visible cause prognosticates some Disease or other If the Tongue be dry the Mouth beset with a tough Phlegm and the Body oppress'd with heat and yet the Person be insensible of Thirst 't is an Argument of a Delirium or great disorder among the Animal Spirits or of the stupidity of the Tongue and adjacent parts and is justly look'd upon as a malignant Symtom If in drinking the Liquor makes a noise as it falls into the Stomac it is an Argument of the Disorder of the Stomac In Feavers it disappears together with them But in Chronical Distempers 't is not so easily shaken off As for the method of Cure the irritating Cause must be first remov'd by Medicines vary'd according to its Nature Such are partly austere Acids partly temperat Medicineâ— which correct the sharp or urinous or oyly or saline Particles The Acids are Wood-sorrel Prunes Citrons Quinces Oranges Pomgranates Rasberries Barberries Corants Cherries and all their Juices and especially Tamarinds which not only abate the Thirst but open the Body The Juice of Houseleek Vinegar Strawberry-water Tinctures of Roses of Viclets and of Dasies Cream of Tartar Spirits of Vitriol of Sulphur of Salt or the Spirit distill'd from equal Quantities of Sulphur Antimony and Vitriol drop'd into the ordinary Drink The temperate Remedies are Milk Whey clarify'd with Citrons Emulsions of Seeds Raisins Liquorice e. The second Indication of Cure is to augment the quantity of Serum and Spittle by exhibiting Liquids alter'd with Wine or Cinnamom or mix'd with acid Spirits Simple cold Water tho' commonly us'd is very noxious Besides 't is not convenient to throw in too large quantities of Liquors for fear of loading the Stomac therefore Gargles and Mucilages applied to the Tongue and Throat will not be improper As for the Forms of Recipe's these following will suffice Take of the Decoction of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-sorrel one Pound fresh Juice of Wood-sorrel three Ounces Syrup of Bay-berries and Pomgranats of each six Drams Mix them Take of the Decoction of Barly one Pound Juices of Citrons and of Quinces of each two Ounces Tinctures of the Flowers of Dasies and Roses of each two Drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an Ounce and a half Spirit of Salt as much as sufficeth Make a Julep Take of the Flowers of Dasies six Drams sprinkle 'em with Spirit of Sulphur and infuse 'em in two Pound of Barly-water till it extract a Tincture strain the Liquor and add three Ounces of the Syrup of Rasberries Take of Tamarinds two Ounces bruis'd small Raisins an Ounce and a half boil them in Water and infuse in the strain'd Liquor while 't is yet hot an Ounce of fresh Citron-peel When 't is cold strain it out and add half an Ounce of the Tincture of Roses Make a Julep Take of Barly-water a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an Ounce purify'd Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum from a Dram to a Dram and a half Mix them for a Potion This and all Nitrous Potions are proper for such as do not agree with Acids In Scorbutic Phthysical and Hydropic Cases the Saltness of the Lymph and Spittle is admirably corrected by Whey mix'd with Juice of Citrons or with the Juices of Scurvy-grass and Wood-sorrel Spirits of Salt and of Nitre are likewise very proper Emulsions prepar'd from the cooling and milky Seeds and the Decoction of China with Raisins and Liquorice are likewise conducive to the same purpose Acids in this case are improper But Liquorice and Fennel-Seeds boil'd are much approv'd As Take of Barly a handful small Raisins bruis'd an ounce and a half Anniseeds Fennel seeds of each a Dram and a half Liquorice-roots six Drams Boyl them in fair Water till the fourth part be consum'd adding towards the end a Dram and a half of Cinnamon Strain out the Liquor of which the Patient may drink at pleasure Gargles of Water Small-beer or Water impregnated with Nitre or the Juice of Houseleek or Mucilages of Quince-seeds Fleawort-seeds c. extracted with Rose-water or Phlegm of Vitriol and mix'd with the Juice of Houseleek applied to the Tongue and held in the Mouth are very useful especially when the Tongue is black dry and rough Some healthy Persons are molested with Thirst every Morning for whom Wormwood-wine is very proper Others are thirsty thro' Labour Fatigue and Exercise for whom the Spirit of Wine is very convenient SECT III. Of the Diseases relating to the Chewing Faculty HAVING dispatch'd the Disorders of the Appetit which is the first Spring of Nourishment I am now arriv'd at the manner of receiving Food It is first receiv'd by the Mouth Chew'd and impregnated with Spittle which being of a fermentative Nature not unlike that of the ferment in the Stomach predisposes and prepares it for Digestion Now if the Power of Chewing be deficient or disorder'd 't is neither impregnated with Spittle nor cut small so as to be fit for Digestion The Disorders of this Nature are such as respect either the Muscles imploy'd in that Motion the Jaw-bones or the Teeth Of these in order CHAP. I. Of the Contorsion of the Muscles of the Mouth or a Dog Cramp THE Temporal Muscles and those common to the Cheeks and Lips are the Instruments which move the under Jaw-bone in order to joyn it with the upper in the Act of Chewing If they are seiz'd with Convulsions or Cramps the under Jaw-bone is inseparably united to the upper if they be Paralytic it falls down by its own weight and they are not able to fetch it up But these Cramps and Palsies never happen but when the whole Body is equally affected and then they yield to the general Cure If one part or side of these Muscles be seiz'd with Convulsions or Palsy while the other is sound the Mouth stands awry inclining
correcting the viscidity or sharpness of the Lymph especially the saliva and pancreatic juice evacuating the crude Phlegm and Lymph thus prepar'd and mitigating the Symptoms If the Breast be oppress'd let a gentle Vomit be exhibited or a mild purgative As Take Mynsicht's emetic Tartar two or three grains purifi'd Sal-Armoniac eight grains Or Take of Ruffius's Pills de tribus fifteen grains fulminatory Gold three grains prepar'd Scammony Treches Alhandal of each a grain With compound Tincture of Tartar make Pills In the next place attenuating Diuretic Remedies are proper as dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt of excellent use against a Hectic dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre essential Salt of Tartar Sal-Armoniac Nitrum Antimoniatum Tartar vitriolated Terra foliata Tartari or its Liquor Tincture of Tartar Essence of Myrrh tartaris'd carminative Spirit Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated Poterius's Antihectic c. Take of purifi'd Sal-Armoniac half a dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple make a Powder for two Doses one in the Morning and the other at Night before the Fit Nitrum Antimoniatum mix'd with an equal quantity of Sal-Armoniac or Arcanum duplicatum mix'd with diaphoretic Antimony or Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Galangal and Ginger are successfully us'd after the same method Take of Mint-Water and Fennel-Water of each an ounce and a half Spirit of Treacle two or three Drams dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt half a dram or a whole dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple Syrup of Hyssop six or eight drams Mix for two Doses Let the Mouth be gargaris'd with small Beer and Hony of Roses or with Water Vinegar and purifi'd Nitre or the infusion of Holyhoc-flowers in Water with a little Spirit of Salt and a convenient Syrup The Feaver call'd Epiala in which the inward parts are oppress'd with heat while the external are cold is by some referr'd to this Head But 't is only a combination or rencounter of either a Continual and Intermitting or two Intermitting Feavers The Swoonings that sometimes attend both this and other sorts of Feavers are caus'd either by some viscious slime irritating the Mouth of the Stomac or some sharp rusty Humour lodg'd in it In the last case Unicorn's Horn or the Decoction of Tamarinds in Water are much approv'd But if a viscid windy Matter arise to them volatil spiritous Remedies are proper Tho' after all 't is worthy our consideration what Ballonius remarks upon this matter viz. That many Physicians are faulty in giving strong Cordials against swooning where purging were more proper Of Symptomatical slow Feavers These Feavers are frequently occasion'd by a preposterous use of Absorbents in Intermitting and Continual Feavers which fix the heterogeneous Particles and render the Chyle and Lymph viscid or by over-feeding in the declination of other Feavers while the digestive faculty is weak by which means the Chyle is loaded with Crudities They may likewise follow other Diseases proceeding from a viscous Acid. Their Symptoms are the same as above to which we may add that sometimes they are accompanied by a looseness or voiding of liquid pituitous Matter The Cure consists in tempering the saltish Acid attenuating the viscid Matter and procuring to it an egress by vomiting stool urine or sweat They sometimes proceed from Ulcers especially of the internal parts retention of the After-birth a dead Child in the Womb chronical Pains and are cur'd by removing the respective Cause by Medecins alotted to that purpose In general gentle Vomits and Purges are proper and in a word the whole series of Medicins prescrib'd for the independent Slow Feavers Sometimes such Feavers follow an unseasonable use of sudorific Decoctions against the Pox before the Body be evacuated and are cur'd by vomiting and the repeated use of Sal-Armoniac Of Hectic Feavers A Hectic is a Slow Feaver advancing insensibly If it be a principal independent Disease it proceeds from the Corruption of undigested Food in the Stomac immoderate fatigue sorrow watchings want over-liberal evacuations excessive Bathings c. Oft-times 'tis only a symptom of other Diseases and follows the irregular Cure of Continual and Intermitting Feavers Inflamations of the Bowels Lungs Mesentery Womb and Kidneys the French-Pox c. The Part affected is not the habit of the Body as the Ancients fancy'd but the mass of Blood and Lymph Hence the greatest heat is perceiv'd about the Arteries As for the independent Principal sort of Hectics the Stomac and digestive Faculty are the original seat of their cause The immediat cause is the indisposition and unequal texture of the Blood caus'd by the saltish sharpness of the Lymph in the conglobat Glandules and the viscosity of that in the Conglomerat From whence insue a deprav'd and diminish'd fermentation weakness weariness deficiency of Spirits and the whole train of Hectic Symptoms The salin and viscid Blood is render'd unfit for nourishing the parts and after eating when the thin readier part of the fresh Chyle dilutes the Blood and disengages its Salts the Pulse is a little enlarg'd and the Heat augmented and after some time sink again to their ordinary pitch And the coarse remains of the Chyle are frequently voided by Night-Sweats as having receiv'd a vicious Tincture in the Stomac from the Saliva and being upon that Account equally disagreeable to the Blood and solid parts As for the Remote Causes Fatigue and Labour Watchings and Care exhaust the Spirits and watery Vehicle of the Blood Anger exalts the Bilious Salt which joyning with the Acid acquires a saline Acrimony Grief and Sorrow increase the Acid which joyning to the urinous Salt becomes dull and unactive indigested Crudities in the Stomac or the want of Food occasion a stricter union between the Acid and urinous Salts and their mutual degeneracy into a third sharp saline Body Ulcers both internal and external corrupt the Blood by vertue of their salin sharp Matter continual and intermitting Feavers attended by plentiful Sweats exhaust the dewy watry part of the Blood or the unseasonable use of absorbent earthy Powders administred for their Cure destroys the Ferment of the Stomac and increases the Acrimony of the Blood Thus they all conspire to render the Blood and Lymph saltish or viscous There are three Essential Signs of a Hectic Feaver 1. An obscure insensible Heat increasing after eating 2. The successive Consumption of the Body 3. A swift frequent small weak and oft-times a hard Pulse To which we may add in some cases Night-Sweats the falling off of the Hairs an universal Weariness inward Heat and averseness to sleep in the morning If Ashy belchings precede the appearance of these Symptoms they serve for a confirmation In the beginning of the Disease the Urine resembles that of healthy Persons unless the Stomac be much deprav'd in which case 't is white pale and thick afterwards when the Appetit and Digestion are in a manner quite abolish'd it becomes thin transparent and high Colour'd and when 't is form'd into a perfect Consumption a fat oily Crust resembling Cobwebs swims on the Top. But we ought
Clysters in the beginning of the Disease However for mitigating these Symptoms let Cataplasms of Rue-leaves Raddish-roots Salt Pigeons Dung and Elder Vinegar be applied to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands or the Temples and Forehead fomented with the dissolution of Nitre in some convenient Water or anointed with the Ointment of Alabaster and express'd Oyl of Poppies but so as to have a care of stopping the Pores and hindering transpiration Inwardly exhibit the emulsions of the Cold Seeds Poppy Seeds c. Anâ— add Opium to the other Specifics after the first two or three Days are elaps'd If a Drousiness and inclination to sleep attend the Pest let Opium Treacle and all Compositions partaking of it be avoided let Tincture of Caster and Vinegar be frequently taken inwardly and applied to the Nose or Frankincense Bayberries and Pepper beaten up with the Yelk of an Egg be applied to the Fore-head A symptomatical bleeding at Nose is cur'd by applying a Toad under the Arm-pits washing the Hands and Feet with Vinegar applying to the Forehead Neck and Temples Cataplasms of Chalk and Potters Clay beat up with Vinegar and giving inwardly large quantities of Nitre Spirit of Vitriol Spirit of Salt and Opiats mix'd with astringent Juleps After the Bleeeding is stop'd a gentle laxative may be exhibited if other Circumstances allow of it Thirst is also abated by Nitre especially Nitrum Antimoniatum or clarify'd Whey with Juice of Citrons mix'd with the Spirit of Salt and Gelly of Hartshorn A gnawing at Heart and vomiting is cur'd by the following Electuary Take of the Conserve of Mint vitriolated Conserve of the Pulp of Citrons of each an ounce and a half preserv'd Citron-peel and Diascordium of each six drams Confection Alkermes two drams Salt of Wormwood a dram with the Juice of Quinces Make an Electuary In the mean while foment the Stomac with a mixture of the Spirit of Wine Apoplectic-water Venice Treacle and Camphyr or anoint it with express'd Oil of Nutmegs and the distill'd Oyls of Wormwood and Mace and apply afterwards the Plaister of Caranna or that of Tacamahac mix'd with Venice Treacle and Balsam of Peru. A Looseness or griping of the Guts attending a Plague are accounted for by exhibiting Diascordium Opium absorbent Powders Extract of Treacle or that of Tormentil Camphyr Vinegar and dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt A suppression of Urine happening about the Crisis is a token of critical sweats If it assault the Patient at any other time let the Pubes be anointed with Oyl of Scorpions and Ointment of Marshmallows and all blistering Plaisters omitted Swooning palpitation of the Heart and anxiety proceeding from the Stomac are alleviated by absorbent Powders If they proceed from clotted Blood or the convulsive motion of the Spirits let the Confection Alkermes Castor Spirit of Harts-horn and that of Sal-Armoniac be exhibited externally sprinkle the Face and Temples with cephalic mixtures join'd to Castor and Vinegar of Roses A Prunella or Quinsey is mitigated by applying outwardly to the Neck a Bag quilted with Elder-flowers and Safron sprinkl'd with Spirit of Sal-Armoniac or gargling the Mouth with the Decoction of Germander Self-heal and red Roses in Barley-water mix'd with Nitre and Sal-Armoniac As for the Spots resembling Flea-bitings which frequently appear in the Back Arms and Legs the above mention'd Sudorifics especially Myrrh Castor Camphyr and the volatil Salts are most proper All manner of Cold must be carefully avoided and the Body rub'd all over every Day with a Bag of hot Salt or salt Petre and cupping-glasses frequently applyed to the Back Arms and Legs and frequently taken off SECT XVI Of Disorders relating to the motion of the Blood from the Heart to the Extreme Parts HAving thus dispatch'd the Disorders relating to the Fermentation or intestin motion of the Blood we come now in order to consider those of its circular progress The Blood receiving new Life in the Lungs throws it self with fresh vigour into the left Ventricle of the Heart inlarges its Capacity and distends its Fibres This distention or irritation of the Fibres of the Heart occasions an unwonted crowd of Spirits which repair thither from the Brain contract the whole Heart straiten its Cavity and impetuously squeeze out the Blood into the great Artery In like manner the distention of the Artery caus'd by the eruption of the Blood solicits the Spirits to sally out and contract their offended Fibres and drive the blood forwards 'till it arrive at the Veins thro' which it steers an easie Course to the Heart moving without offence or irritation from narrow Passages into broader Channels so that the Veins whose Tunicles are soft and not over-touchy are in no danger of being provok'd to Contractions by a languid impoverish'd Mass This successive contraction and dilatation of the Heart and Arteries call'd by the Ancients Systole and Diastole the former occasion'd by the Spirits repairing to them and the latter by the violent irruption of Blood are what we call the Pulse This we generally inquire after where the Arteries are most accessible viz. About the Wrists Temples and Ancles in order to discover the state of the Blood And if we find the Artery much dilated by turgid Blood we call it a large Pulse if the if the Blood move forcibly and impetuously we term it strong if the Arteries yield to the touch and do not seem to resist or rebound we stile it a Soft Pulse If the Blood move swiftly the Pulse is Frequent and if the Heart and Arteries be suddenly and much irritated 't is Quick Now Small Weak Hard unfrequent and flow Pulses are the direct reverse of these Circulation is of use to renew the strength of the Blood in the Lungs and supply all the Parts of the Body with Nourishment For 't is the united Mass of Blood and Chyle that furnishes the spermatic parts with Chyle or milky imperfect Blood and those that are sanguin with finish'd Blood according to the natural Demand of the respective Parts CHAP. I. Of the Palpitation and trembling of the Heart WHEN the Blood circulats thro' the Heart it occasions a regular Systole and Diastole But a palpitation of the Heart is a disorderly convulsive unequal vehement Contraction and sometimes scarce perceivable in the Arteries tho' at other times exalted to that pitch that it makes an audible noise A trembling of the Heart is a weak imperfect Contraction Both are equally owing to the irritation of the Heart but with this difference that a palpitation is attended by a violent and resisting strength and a trembling by a yielding weakness This irritation is sometimes the effect of the sharpness or over-bearing quantity of Serum or of Worms in the Heart-purse or of little Wheals or Excrescences within and about the Heart or great Arteries sometimes it proceeds from little Clotts of Blood left by the vicious Mass in the Heart or from a provoking Acid prevailing in the Mass of Blood as it passes along or
positive Apoplexy of a sudden without any known Cause her Spirits were not exhausted or deficient but she had an invincible Propensity to Sleep with a grievous Anxiety and Trouble in her Breast and after Recovery happening to take a Vomit upon another occasion was thrown into the same Symptoms again Now as I take it the source of the Disease lay in the Stomac and the Vomit waken'd it afresh 4. A Giddiness proceeding from the Stomac is frequently a Fore-runner of an Apoplexy and where this is hereditary to a Family that is a sure ground of Prediction 5. Poterius his Diaphoretic Gold and Cinnabar of Antimony are Specifics against Apoplexies Now they do not positively reach further than the first Passages 6. The sudden and surprizing way of Invasion of some Apoplexies seems to intimate that there is a virulent Ferment in the Body which immediatly extinguishes or fetters the Spirits Supposing therefore that there is a virulent Ferment bred in the Stomac we can give no other account of its manner of Operation than this that as Opium in the Stomac disposes the Spirits to Sleep so it fixes 'em to an Apoplectic height When an universal Apoplexy terminates in a particular one if it be sanguin I doubt 't is uncurable unless it yield to Blood-letting Or perhaps the clotted Blood may have left some Serum in the Brain which falls deeper upon the spinal Marrow or is thrown upon some particular Nerves or if the Apoplexy was originally Lymphatic the Lymph may have sunk in and so caus'd an Obstruction of some particular Nerves This Solution will serve for privative Apoplexies but as touching the positive I am at a loss to advance any plausible Reason unless you admit of this that the Contraction of the upper Extremity of the Nerves near to their original Insertion may produce a mere Apoplexy without Convulsions which always insue the Contraction of their outward Parts The Signs and Prognostics of an Apoplexy are these The Person is seiz'd with a profound Sleep depriv'd of all Sense and Motion the Respiration remains intire more or less according to the violence of the Fit If the Patient froth at the Mouth the Respiration is e'en almost abolish'd for the Froth is the Blood stagnating in the Lungs impregnated and rarify'd by Air and so thrown up This is a mortal Sign according to Hipp. Sect. 2. Aph. 43. for all that die of Apoplexies are actually stifled But we ought carefully to distinguish this Froth of Blood which is of a whitish red Color and cast up from the bottom of the Breast from the thin Spittle-like Froth caus'd in the Palat by the Agitation of Air in a viscid Humor If the Apoplexy proceed from a Stagnation of the Blood the Face and Eyes are bloated and of a red Color and the Body is hot otherwise they are pale and cold If the Person snort high 't is an ill Omen If the Memory decay of a sudden 't is a Presage of an Apoplexy Sometimes the Urine and Excrements are voided without the Person 's sense by reason of the Relaxation of the Sphincters A positive Apoplexy is distinguish'd from a privative by the Constitution of the Patient of which above and the Anxieties of the Breast attending the former An Apoplexy is distinguish'd from a Syncope Cardiaca or Heart-swooning by this that the latter is not attended by Snorting the Respiration in it is always extremely difficult and the Breast mightily troubled the Face pale the extreme Parts cold a cold Sweat breaks forth and the Pulse is very weak and not so hard as in Apoplexies 'T is distinguish'd from Hysteric Fits by this that in these the Face is always pale the Pulse very low and imperceptible Respiration pretty intire the sense of Feeling oft-times remains and the Disorders of the lower Belly have usher'd 'em in A Carus steals on by degrees and the Respiration is easy and oft-times without Snorting But an Apoplexy pursues a contrary method If a violent Apoplexy be not follow'd by a Feaver in seven days 't is mortal If a difficulty of Breathing be attended with Sweating 't is a fatal Omen If the Fit persist beyond tweuty four hours without remission there 's no hope In general all Apoplectic Persons tho cur'd are apt to relapse and young strong Persons are more likely to recover than the old and feeble If it be not mortal it either determines in a particular Apoplexy or is discuss'd by Stool and Sweating Barbette relates an instance of its being cur'd by voiding Lymph by the Ear and upon that account recommends a Salivation for its Cure In prescribing the Cure I shall first take notice of what is fit to be done during the Paroxysm and then how we ought to behave after the Paroxysm is over As for the time of the Fit sharp Clysters and Suppositories are approv'd by the general Consent of all Physicians They are proper in all Apoplectic Cases They must be sharp to the last degree injected in moderat quantities in order to be easily retain'd and in case of a total Relaxation of the Sphincter repeated often or converted into Cataplasms by longer boiling and applied all over the Belly Vomits and Blood-letting are generally prescrib'd but unseasonably administred murder a great many In order to avoid mistakes in this important matter let us mind the following Cautions If the Patient be young lusty accustom'd to a sedentary Life if the Face in the Paroxysm appear red if there be a suppression of any wonted Evacuation of Blood In a word if there appear any signs of a sanguin Apoplexy or a Stagnation of Blood 't is highly convenient to bleed In a serous Apoplexy Bleeding can only act a preservative part In a positive internal Apoplexy it can do no manner of good unless by accident by correcting the Stagnation of the Blood in the Breast upon which account it may be useful in the other sorts If the Apoplexy be attended with Crudities in the Stomac occasion'd by drinking and gluttonizing as it frequently happens in Germany If the Patient be old or weak If any narcotic Virulence be suspected or any Deficiency discover'd in the Lymph and the Blood originally faultless If a Giddiness or any sign of a principal Disorder in the Head appear 't is more advisable to omit Bleeding and administer a Vomit To sum up all a privative Apoplexy requires Bleeding or if the Patient be old Cupping-glasses Scarifications c. A Positive demands Vomiting or in room of that for old Persons sharp Clysters which turn to the same thing for the Guts are a continuation of the Stomac Some recommend Bleeding from the jugular Veins As for Vomits the Dose must be augmented in the Paroxysm and if one do not operat repeated till they prove effectual 'T is most convenient to exhibit them in a liquid Form with some spirituous cordial Water The Person ought to be set upright whether in Bed or out of Bed the Room well air'd and the
are to be us'd internally such as those of Rupture-wort Mousear Knot-grass Comfrey-root Cyprus-Nuts Betony Tormentil c. to which Anise and Fennel-seeds and the four greater hot-seeds may be added Externally also Astringents must be us'd the place may be fumigated with their Smoak or their Decoction injected or the Privity fomented therewith or a Pessary of carded Wool may be dip'd in it and apply'd Such Astringents are Galls Oak-leaves and those of the Myrtle Sloe-tree Horse-tail Ladies-Mantle Milfoil Pomegranat-rind Sumac and the like which may be boil'd in Forge-water adding Allum if the Parts be not excoriated or exulcerat The Moss of the Oak-tree also and Nettles and Sun-flower are commended For a Palliative Cure you may use Wax or Cork white Wax or the Mass of a Plaister made of Wax Colophon Gum Elemi and the like shap'd into a round oblong or pear-like Form according as there is occasion with a hole in the middle and a thread fasten'd to 'em their bigness must exactly answer that of the Vagina But if it is only an Excrescence or one or two wrinkles of the Vagina or if the Vagina it self being fallen down is altered by the Air or corrupted or ulcerated it must be cut off by the Root a Ligature being first made with a Thread and then it must be cur'd as an Ulcer CHAP. II. Of the Inflammation of the Womb. THIS is caus'd by Blood stagnating in the Pores of the Womb which is occasion'd either by too frequent Coition or cold catch'd after Labour or the Terms or by hard labour The Signs are a Swelling Heat stretching Pain of the Genitals Groin and Navel which if the Finger is put up into the Genitals is exasperated extending to the Lips Back-bone and Shoulders the Vagina is red with swollen Veins the Terms suppress'd with a burning continual Fever Thirst driness of the Tongue Head-ach Delirium and Convulsions It is dangerous enough and is easily converted into a Gangrene Discussion is safer than Suppuration sometimes it degenerates into a Schirrus and is accompanied by a Dropsy The Patient must in the beginning be let Blood at the Arm and a Clyster being given next day at the Ancle afterward you may use temperat emollient and resolving Clysters of the Decoction of Lettuce Mallows Violet-leaves Flowers of Chamomil c. boil'd in Lime-water mix'd with Lenitive Electuary solutive Syrup of Roses and Nitre To loosen the Belly give Decoction of Tamarinds wherein Senna with Cream of Tartar has been infus'd Externally we foment the Groin or apply Cataplasms of Mallows Marsh-mallows Pennyroyal Mugwort Melilot c. boil'd in common or Lime-water or Wine CHAP. III. Of Vlcers of the Womb and Vagina THE Causes are either internal as retention of the Loches suppurated Inflammations Corruption of the Foetus or Mola a virulent Clap the Whites c. or external as frequent and excessive Venery fretting of the Vagina hard Labour c. The naked Eye or a Womb-glass discovers 'em or if they lie deep in the Womb it self the troublesom biting Pain of these Parts when tickl'd in Coition or by sharp Injections reveals the Mystery They degenerate frequently into Fistulas or end in a Dropsy and tho they be cicatriz'd infer Barrenness If they proceed from an external Cause they must be cur'd by consolidating Remedies if from the sharpness of Humours they must be corrected and evacuated but first of all the Pain must be mitigated Internally cleansing vulnerary Decoctions are useful such as those of the tops of St. John's-wort ground Ivy Plantane Sawicle Shavings of Hartshorn c. Externally the same Decoctions may be injected Or Take of Chalybeat Milk one pound Turpentin dissolv'd in the Yelk of an Egg half an Ounce Hony of Roses an Ounce to be often injected for cleasing and consolidating the Ulcer SECT V. Of the Disorders of Conception COnception is nothing else but the Impregnation of one of the little Eggs contain'd in the female Testes by a certain Air or Spirit exhal'd from the seminal Liquor of the Male received into the Womb. The Egg thus influenc'd falls off into one of the Womb-Trumpets which at that time embrace the Testes and thence passes unto the Womb. Being received there it straight begins to increase and then one little point begins to distinguish it self by its tremulous and leaping Motion being surrounded with subtil red Threads the Rudiments of the Blood-vessels round which some small time after is to be seen something more gross and white like a little Cloud distinguish'd into two parts whose greater part consisting of four little Bags represents a rude Draught of the Brain Cerebellum and two Eyes and the lesser part being strech'd out below like a Ship 's Keel is the Rudiment of the Back-bone from which the Limbs gradually extend themselves while the Bowels successively shoot out from the Blood Vessels till the perfect Foetus is form'd The matter of which it is form'd is partly a clear Liquor resembling the white of an Egg convey'd thither by the Arteries and squeez'd through the glandulous Substance of the Womb into its Cavity and partly Blood elaborat from the foresaid Chyle or nutritious Juice so that the Parts are rightly distinguish'd into sanguine and spermatic There are scarce any infallible Signs of Conception however ordinarily if a Woman hath conceived the internal Orifice of the Womb is close shut up the Terms are stopp'd In the first days after Coition a certain shivering or wandring Sense of Cold spreads it self over the Body or its extreme parts the Appetite is impair'd she vomits every Morning and is troubled with longings and loathing such Meats as formerly were grateful If the Woman is cacochymical and scorbutic she is troubled with hysteric Affections tho unacquainted with 'em before a gradual Swelling invades the Belly and points upwards In the third fourth or fifth Month the Child is felt to move in the Belly first more obscurely and afterwards more distinctly finally the first Months oftentimes discover a heavyness and giddiness of the Head and sometimes the Tooth-ach from which Signs concurring we may conclude the Woman is with Child With reference to Conceptions we shall treat of false Conceptions Barrenness and vitious Conceptions Conception is counterfeited by an Inflation or Swelling of the Belly caused by external Air received unto the Womb after Child-bearing or Abortion or Bathing or in the time of or after the Menstrual Flux attended sometimes with cruel pains girding the whole Belly This is distinguished from a true Conception by these Symptoms 1. The Belly is not always equally distended 2. There is no motion or at least none but what may easily be distinguish'd from that of a Child 3. The Swelling is greater and less weighty not pressing so much upon the Pubes This Distemper is seldom dangerous tho sometimes when the Flux of the Terms or Lochia is stopt 't is attended by grievous Pains in the Womb. In which case let the Vein Saphaena be opened let
Litharge and Tragacanth mix'd with Vinegar and Oyl of Roses Oft-times Plantan Water and Allum are also very effectual ARTIC II. Of the Piles THE Hemorrhoid Veins are either Internal or External The Internal proceed from the mesenteric Branch of the Vena Portae the External from the same Branch of the Vena Cava as those of the womb and so frequently discharge the Blood that was wont to be evacuated by the terms as in the case of Suppression or Cessation of the terms or being with Child The Blood stagnating in these Hemorrhoid Vessels causes oft-times a dry Inflammation straitening the Cavity of the Guts and occasioning a prodigious Pain in voiding the Excrements sitting walking c. It rises up to a great swelling and hangs out of the Gut in various forms sometimes mistaken for warts or other occasional tumors and if it be not discus'd or open'd degenerats into a Scirrhus or an Ulcer If the Vessels give way to the Blood it runs out either by drops from the Veins or with a full current from the Arteries Sometimes this Evacuation is Natural and Periodical returning every Month or Week in Men as the terms in Women Sometimes 't is Critical infering the solution of an Acute Distemper Sometimes not only Blood but a watry humor resembling the Whites in Women is voided by the same Vessels This evacuation by the Hemorrhoids for the most part is involuntary tho' some few by Custom may have obtain'd a Privilege of commanding them when they will The Cause of this Flux or Stagnation of Blood is either Internal or External The former is some sharp salin ferment in the Blood following Melancholic Scorbutic and Splenetic Distempers or occasion'd by suppression of Blood and such like Accidents This vicious ferment irritats the tender Fibres and creats an Inflammation Pain and other Symptoms The External Causes are Riding Running Leaping or whatever stretches those Vessels any sudden Commotion of the Blood by Anger Exercise c. Hard Labor of Women with Child Suppression of the Terms and the use of Rosinous Purgatives which stick to the Guts and vellicat the Orifices of the Vessels The Essential Symptom of the Piles is a green colour of the Face A pain in the Loyns without a manifest Cause prognosticats their approach They are distinguish'd from scorbutic Evacuations of Blood in that they are generally exasperated by going to Stool and the Blood for the most part is voided together with the Excrements The dry Piles are distinguish'd from other Excrescences by their being of a different Substance from the Breech round black plac'd at the extremities of the Veins and being altogether free of Flesh or Ulceration If the Piles be Chronical or accompany Chronical Diseases such as the Scurvy Melancholly Obstructions of the Bowels and especially Arthritic Pains we ought to be cautious of stopping 'em unless they exceed Bounds in which case they weaken the Body disposing it to a Dropsie or Consumption and creating an awkward aversion to Women Periodical or usual Piles or such as proceed from Suppressions ought to be promoted and open'd if they be dry If the Piles flow too copiously they ought to be stop'd If the dry Piles seize those who are unacquainted with 'em or cannot bear the loss of Blood they ought to be discuss'd Chalybeat Medicines are in a manner proper for all these purposes by reason that the Piles in what condition soever are for the most part either the fore-runners or effects of Hypocondriac Diseases But to answer each Indication apart we shall begin with the first For opening the Piles or promoting their Flux let the part be first fomented with emollient Decoctions then apply the Juice of Fig-leaves bruis'd or the Juice of Soubread mix'd with that of Beets or a Liniment of Aloes and the Juice of Onyons or a Suppository of Hiera Picra with the Powder of Coloquintida Hony and Ox Gall or the Decoction of River Crabs in Oyl especially in case of a notable Inflammation or Heat or a Cataplasin of Pigeons Dung with Staves-acre-seeds or the Juice of Nettles mix'd with boyl'd stale Urine scum'd and Rose-water or if the Anus itch Juice of Lemons or Vinegar of Roses All these Ingredients ought to be put into a leaden Mortar till they 're discolour'd But the most effectual way of opening dry Piles is the Application of Leeches If they creep into the Gut a Clyster of Salt-water will fetch 'em out Internally the same design is promoted by resinous Purgatives especially Aloe with Myrrh or Elixir Proprietatis If the Piles flow too copiously they ought to be curb'd which was our second Indication For this purpose tosted Rhubarb Tamarinds the Conserve and Syrup of Oak-buds the Decoction of Mastic Wood Syrup of dry Roses a common but very effectual Remedy the Syrups and Juices of Purslain and Quinces Juice of stinging Nettles given to two or three ounces the Decoction of Burnet dead Mens Bones in Powder Sea-horse Tooth and especially the Juice and Syrup of the Ordure of an Ass are very proper Chalybeat Medicines which encounter the Hypocondriac acid and become as it were Vitriolic are consequently admirably fitted for this purpose Such are the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol or that call'd Tinctura Antiphthisica or that of the Vitriol of Steel A dram of the Pills of Bdellium is likewise a very proper and effectual Remedy Venice Treacle and Narcotics are universally known and us'd Take of Plantan and Purslain water of each an ounce and a half Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol a dram and a half Laudanum Opiatum four grains Syrup of Coral six grains Make a Potion External Repellents are Frankincense and Myrrh or Pitch for Fumigation the Spunge call'd Crepitus Lupi the compound Powder of Cork and Mummy the Powder of burnt Toads or of Land Frogs the fat that drops from a rosted Ele a Liniment of Soot yelks of Eggs and Spiders Webs Bags quilted with bruis'd Wallnuts and Oaken Leaves and soak'd in Vinegar all applied to the Fundament A Girdle of the Leaves of white Hellebor sew'd in a Clout with the Powder of Oak bark is of excellent use Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol beaten up with the Juice of Plantan the Ointment of Litharge and Tutty mix'd with the Ashes of Oysters are useful Liniments Blooding is of no use excepting the case of a Suppression The third Indication is to discuss the dry Piles and allay the Pain The Specifics for this purpose are the Infusion of the Apple of Jerusalem in Oyl of sweet Almonds for external application the Decoction of Mullen and Elder-flowers in Milk or Mullen-flowers and Henbane-seeds in Water for Fomentation or Cataplasms of their Leaves and Flowers and the Leaves of Purslain boyl'd in Milk Decoctions of the Leaves and Flowers of Toad-flax and the Flowers of Chamomil in Milk for Fomentation Or Take of Toad-flax two handfuls Henbane-leaves half a handful Oyl of Roses Oyl of Mullein of each three ounces fresh Butter five ounces
can have admission This Dilatation is perform'd by the Air and Muscles The Midriff together with the Subclavian and Intercostal Muscles inlarge the Capacity of the Breast upon which there being no Vacuum the Air crouds into the Lungs and distends 'em to fill up the void space The Lungs being thus distended the blood empties it self into 'em and by vertue of the universal Salt of the Air its Mass is dissolv'd rarify'd volatilis'd and freed of its Steams This Admission of Air or Dilatation of the Lungs is call'd Inspiration And the Expulsion of it or successive compression of the Lungs forwarding the Blood to the left Ventricle of the Breast is stil'd Expiration the complex Action bearing the title of Respiration CHAP. I. Of Inspiration abolish'd or Suffocation SUffocation is a denying of admission to the Air. The Cause may relate either to the Passages thro which the Air is to pass or to the Lungs that are to receive it or to the Muscles that ought to dilate the Breast The Passages are embarassed by external Ligatures which if they be suddenly put on extinguish all manner of Sense in an instant by being fill'd with Water or drowning by Tumors and Inflammations in the Neighborhood of the Wind-pipe by swallowing bulky things that stick in the Gullet and press the Wind-pipe or bear down the Epiglottis by forcing things into the Wind-pipe by laughing or speaking in the time of eating by Hairs c. sticking to the Epiglottis and disturbing its motion or by a large Polypus in the Nose spreading its Branches to the Throat After strangling we endeavour to bring the Person to life by Blood-letting pouring down spirituous Liquors and rubbing the Joynts If the Suffocation is caus'd by being under Water we hang up the Person by the Heels that the Water may run out then apply a Toast soak'd in Spirit of Wine and exhibit Sudorifics or sometimes a gentle Vomit If any bulky thing stick in the Throat give 'em a blow on the Back and exhibit Oyl of sweet Almonds or Cassia If it stick in the Wind-pipe Coughing Sneezing and Vomiting will bring it up If a Bone stick in the Gullet let it be brought up by an Instrument or apply a suppurating Cataplasm or exhibit a Vomit A narrowness of the Passage caus'd by Aqua fortis is cur'd by the Mucilage of Quinces A sudden Suffocation affecting the Lungs immediately is caus'd by Narcotic Sulphurous Steams of New Wine or Ale new Plaistering Coal-Pits and other Mineral Fumes which destroy the Airy Spirit that should ferment the Blood and so cause its Stagnation in the Lungs and extinguish the animal Spirits producing Apoplexies Carus's and many dismal Symptoms For Cure let the Person be carried into free Air the Mouth open'd and Wind Artificially procur'd let a liquid Vomit mix'd with the Essence of Castor or Apoplectic-waters be thrown down the Throat Let Vinegar in which Castor is infus'd be exhibited by Spoonfuls If the Person be Plethoric open a Vein Apply outwardly Epithema's of Vinegar to the Scrotum and Testicles Blow Sneezing Powders into the Nostrils and rub the Temples and Nostrils with little Bags of Marjoram and Fennel-Flower-seeds infus'd in Vinegar Note Tho Vinegar be of admirable Efficacy against the Gas or Steams of Vegetables yet 't is not proper against a Mineral Gas Lastly The Causes of Suffocation relating to the Muscles of the Breast are their Paralytic Apoplectic Condition or Convulsions of the Larynx occasion'd by the Disorder of the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Intercostal Branch as in the case of Hysteric and Hypochondriac fits Poyson or eating a sort of strangling Mushrooms Venery c. The Cure is perform'd by Essence of Castor Volatil Salt of Amber Camphyr Opiats and such Medicines as we use against Hysteric and Epileptic Fits Vomits Oxymel of Squills and Venice Treacle are Specifics against the poysonous Mushrooms CHAP. II. Of Inspiration deprav'd or difficult Breathing ART I. Of Asthma's AN Asthma is a frequent difficult Respiration attended by a perplexity in the Breast and sometimes a Cough and Snoring Sometimes 't is so violent that the Patient cannot breathe unless he stand upright and then 't is call'd Orthopnaeia The general Cause of all Asthma's is the Constriction of the Vesicles of the Lungs The particular Causes are various Some Asthma's are moist proceeding from vicious Matter provoking the Lungs and Wind-pipe to Contractions and frequently attended by coughing spitting and snoring tho not always Others are Dry occasion'd by the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration or dryness of the Lungs without the influence of any deprav'd humor The Matter that gives rise to the moist sort is frequently lodg'd in the Stomac and first Passages and by distending them presses the Lungs and Diaphragm Hence wind and acid Crudities such as Hypocondriac or Scorbutic Persons are generally lyable to frequently cause a difficult Breathing in a Morning when they lye upon their backs in Bed Or after eating especially at Night or after Drinking Wine Dropsies also distending the Muscles of the Belly and Crouding the Blood with serum may occasion a difficulty of Breathing If the matter lodge in the Lungs 't is either Originally bred within 'em or transfer'd thither from other Parts If it be bred there it proceeds from the Depravation of the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs and Wind Pipe occasion'd by Mineral Steams or Vicious Air or the Viscidity and Sharpness of the Lymph that waters ' em For if their Nutritious Juice be perverted it degenerats into a tartareous hard or otherwise Noxious matter Imposthumes and Ulcers in the Lungs may also be reckon'd as Causes of this Kind of Asthma If the Peccant humor be not bred in the Lungs it proceeds either from serum thrown upon 'em or the Bronchia or Blood stagnating within ' em The former cause takes place sometimes in the Declensions of Feavers or when the Pores of the Body are stop'd The latter in a Redundancy of Blood Suppression of the Terms or Piles in Cachectic Persons whose Blood is Glutinous and Stuff'd with Crudities and consequently requires more time for Rarefaction in the Lungs in the case of sudden fear or Drinking of Cold Water immediatly after the Blood has been rarify'd by a Violent heat Any Acid matter that 's apt to Coagulat the Blood may also produce the same effect As for dry Asthma's They may proceed from a preternatural form of the Back and Breast or from Stones and Schirrus's in the Lungs But the more Notable Cause is the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration especially the Diaphragm occasion'd by the disorders of the lower Belly as in Hysteric or Hypochondriac Fits the Contorsion of the Backbone Nephritic Arthritic and Gouty Pains Or in General any Acid humor irritating the Nerves whether in the Abdomen or Brain But especially in the Abdomen for the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Inter-Costal Branch furnish both the Belly Breast and Neck
dregs may be separated Take of the Powder Diaireos a dram flowers of sulphur half a dram Laudanum Opiatum three Grains Make Pills for three Doses If the Nocturnal Feaver be troublesom Take of Scabious Water four ounces Asthmatical Water half a dram Spirit of Hartshorn succinated a dram and a half Diacodium six drams Mix and Exhibit before the Paroxysm in order to sweat Towards the finishing of the cure 't will not be improper to Purge thus Take of Crato's Pills of Amber sixteen Grains Extract of Agarie eight Grains Troches Alhandal and Scammony sulphurated of each two Grains With the Essence of Sassafras Make Pills 6. If a dry Noctural Cough continue so long that it begins to void Corrupt matter and that the Lungs are Ulcerated let a draught of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sassafras or of China and Raisins be exhibited every morning and Opiats at Night And apply an Ointment of Hogs Tallow and Onyon Heads to the Feet in the Evening for three days together 7. The dry Chin Cough arising from the Stomac is cur'd thus First give a Vomit then exhibit twice a day a spoonful of the Decoction of Electampane and Corants in Spanish Wine mix'd with Diacodium The Decoction of Rapes is equally effectual both in this and all other dry Coughs Or Take of the Compound Tincture of Tartar two drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac Anisated a dram Essence of Opium half a dram Dose forty drops thrice a day In General All dry Coughs are treated as Catarrhs and the moist sort as wet Asthma's 8. As for the Convulsive Coughs arising by sympathy from the influence of foreign Membrans they are cur'd as Convulsions by Volatil Salts 9. If the Throat and Palat be excoriated 't is customary to give some thickening licking Medicines for defending the Passage This gave occasion to the Vulgar mistake as if such licking Medicines should drop into the Wind Pipe whereas they only keep the throat easy Such are the Syrups of Jujubes Coltsfoot Liquorice and the Oyl of sugar thus Prepar'd Take of the Spirit and Oyl of Juniper berries of each four ounces White sugar two ounces Kindle the Spirit and the Sugar or Oyl will remain Which mix with the Extract of Saffron to be often lick'd of ART IV. Of a Choaking Catarrh THAT which the Ancients call'd a Choaking Catarrh is a Disease causing difficult Respiration and Threatening Suffocation which seems to be Complicated of an Asthma Cough and Hoarseness The Ancients fancy'd that a Catarrh falls from the Head and overflows the Lungs But Anatomy affords no Passage for such a descent and therefore we shall wave their Opinions For the most part Convulsive Asthma's are miscall'd Catarrhs or whatever symptom of this Nature is different from them may be cast into these four Heads 1. A fear of suffocation may insue when the Lungs are stuff'd and provok'd to Contract their fibres by a viscid Heterogeneous Acid as if sulphureous fumes should stick to 'em like foot to a Chimney they 'd provoke the Lungs to contract and squeese out Lymph with which they joyn in the form of a new Concrete till being concocted together they find a vent by Expectoration Upon which the Contraction and Difficulty of Breathing ceases But the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs is so deprav'd that they retain a Propensity to relapse upon the least occasion The acid that prevails in Children renders them also liable to this symptom 'T is cur'd by Opiats and Thickening Medicines 2. When the Head of the Wind Pipe and Epiglottis are provok'd to Contraction as when a bit of Bread falling into it causes a Coughing Hoarseness difficult breathing and voiding of matter The cause in respect of the Larynx is either External or Internal The former is a viscous thick Lymph falling from the hinder Membrana Pituitaria into the Wind Pipe especially in the Night time and when the Patient lies on his back which Irritats and Tickles the Head of the Wind Pipe provokes the Epiglottis to shut and hinder Respiration occasions a hoarseness snoring and spitting of thin matter which in process of time becomes thick and concocted The latter is a sharp Lymph lodg'd within the Wind Pipe and producing the like effects As for cure if it proceed from the cause that is External or Foreign to the Wind Pipe it requires a Vomit and Attenuating Medicines viz. The Juice of Radishes Syrup of Tobacco Gum Ammoniac c. And in a word the same cure with the Inveterat moist Gough As for Example Take of Hyssop Water Mint Water and the Water of Tobacco of each an ounce The Asthmatical Water six drams Oxymel of Squills half an ounce Syrup of Tobacco six drams or an ounce Mix and make a Potion of which give a spoonful now and then Or Take of Hyssop Water and Scabious Water of each an ounce and a half The Asthmatical Water six drams Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar a dram Syrup of Scabious an ounce Mix and Exhibit as above To these and such like mixtures we may add opiats now and then The Water of Hedge Mustard with Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar the Roots of Cuckowpint and Michael's Asthmatical Spirit Prepared from Verdigris and Gum Ammoniac are also very proper If this Symptom proceeds from an Internal cause 't is cur'd by sudorifics mix'd with Opiats Vomits being premis'd if there be occasion after the same manner as a dry Nocturnal Cough proceeding from a sharp Lymph Take of Mint Water Scabious Water Water of Mother of Thyme of each an ounce Asthmatical Water six drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac Anisated two drams Flowers of sulphur half a dram Syrup of Diacodium an ounce Mix and give a spoonful now and then Or. Take of the Essence against Catarrhs three drams the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Anisated a dram Mix and Exhibit a Convenient quantity frequently Take of Aqua Articularis ad Extra two drams Spirit of black Cherries and of Lilly of the Vally of each a dram Essence of Opium two scruples Mix and apply it with a warm Cloth to the Region of the Larynx especially when the Person is sensible of a tickling or constriction in that part If this Disease return frequently let an Issue be cut in the Arm. Clysters Blood-letting Blistering Plaisters and all the Stratagems of the Ancients Calculated for Defluxions from the Head are of no use 3. The third sort of Suffocation or Catarrhus Suffocativus happens when the Blood stagnats in the Lungs In this Case it is coincident with a Syncope Cardiaca approaches to a Peripneumonia and is attended by the Symptoms of an Apoplexy Nay Apoplectic Persons when Dead have their Lungs stuff'd after the same manner as those who dye of this distemper And therefore Hypocrates Styl'd it a strangling Aph. 13. Sect. 2. The froth that sometimes attends this Paroxysm proceeds from the Imprison'd Blood in the Lungs when Rarify'd by Air Thus if we inject Oyl of Turpentin into a Dogs Veins it congeals the Blood
the febrile matter and the previous infirmity of the part The various Divisions of Feavers may be gather'd from the following Chapters As for their Causes whatever abolishes the natural proportion and Symmetry of the Salts causes a preternatural Fermentation and is call'd a febrile Ferment If it affect the Blood immediatly the Spirits receive its influence at second hand and if the Spirits are first attack'd the Blood is disorderd by them This Ferment must be somewhat disagreeable to our natural Ferments else it cannot cause a Fever Such as are the particles retain'd by stopping the insensible transpiration the Ferment proceeding from Ulcers Inflammations Contagion or Acid Lymph striking inwards a Scab or Itch eating Summer Fruits c. If this ferment be ingendred within the Body it oft-times proceeds from the long stay of Victuals in the stomac which by delay and want of digestion become naked Acids or viscid Bodies inclosing an Acid within 'em upon which account we derive the cause of Intermitting Feavers from the Stomac and for so much as their Paroxysms are but so many continual Feavers most of this sort acknowledge the same Original When the Blood and Humors are forc'd out of their respective Vessels by Wounds and Ulcers they ferment and occasion a feaverish disorder in the Blood or Spirits This Ferment approaches to an Acid both in favourable and malignant Feavers but with this difference that a malignant ferment is sharper and more Volatil and penetrating than the other and is frequently couch'd under covert of other minute particles as in Spring the Exhalations of Fermenting Plants in Summer the Alcalin Effluviums in the Air in Autumn and Winter the Acid Salt which then prevails The steams of Rotten Carkasses and the unfavourable aspects of the Stars may occasion the like malignity These particles tho' originally included in a narrow compass multiply by fermentation and spin out the disease The alteration occasion'd by them in the Blood is perfectly parallel to that of Urine which is brought into fermentation by the jarring of its Salts by virtue of which it precipitates its disproportionable parts and then returns to a pacific state Even so the preternatural fermentation of the Blood is caus'd by the disproportion of its Salts and moves it to cast forth the superfluous and offending parts by the passages of Urine Sweat c. Tho' in this Critical Evacuation not only the first morbific matter but the laudable parts of the Blood and Chyle that the fermentation had melted down into a saline form and render'd insociable are equally discharg'd The remote Causes are various The Obstruction of the pores of the Skin and excessive Drinking or Eating are natural inlets to a Feaver The passions of the Mind especially Fear are generally arraign'd as Causes of malignant Feavers but 't is not immaginable how they should produce such an effect of themselves 'T is true indeed Fear and other passions may depress or disorder the Spirits and so procure an easie admissio nto the Airy Ferment that was unable to storm them in their natural Order The Symptoms are accounted for above to which we may add the vicious increase or diminution or depravation of the Appetit Headachs swoonings c. The general Prognostics are deriv'd from the Pulse and Urine A vehement large equal pulse is a sign of strength a small unfrequent pulse betokens weakness A hard pulse bespeaks the inflammation or distention of some membranous part as in Pleurisies and malignant Feavers affecting the Spirits and Nerves A soft pulse discovers that the Spirits are not much disorder'd and if it be large and vehement withal forebodes sweating Urine affords the signs of Crudity or Concoction If clear Urine become muddy or contain a Cloud or Sediment 't is a sign of Concoction and portends a happy solution of the disease for by Concoction we understand the separation or precipitation of the peccant Salts from the mass of Blood and by Crudity the perturbation of the Blood arising from these Salts Now in the beginning of Acute Diseases the Urine is clear and unmuddy'd by reason that the Salts are yet reigning in the Blood but in the increase of the Disease it becomes thick and troubled and at the height precipitates a copious sediment If the Urine continue muddy and do's not Clarify by standing 't is a sign that the Commotion and Confusion of the Blood do's not yet abate Nature do's not evacuate the offending matter before a sufficient Concoction and in imitation of her example Art ought not to attempt any evacuation in Benign Feavers before the signs of Concoction appear In malignant Feavers indeed 't is not safe to wait for 'em but to indeavour an early precipitation by proper remedies Clear and sound-like Urine is a sign that the animal Spirits are principally affected and is attended by malignity but concocted Urine if it continue such is a certain presage of Recovery If after an apparent Concoction it become crude or thin again 't is a fatal Omen This gradual Concoction is the effect of Nature indeavouring a Crisis Accordingly we find that immediatly before the Crisis Nature struggles most and the Sickness is at its greatest height in which case it ought not be disturb'd by artificial administrations but the natural tendency of the morbific matter must be heedfully observ'd for sometimes 't is cast forth by Sweat sometimes by Urine somtimes by Bleeding and at other times is thrown upon several parts of the Body by way of swellings and Imposthumes or is gather'd under the skin all over the Body and tinges it with a yellow colour which we call the Jaundice and is a sign of health if it happen on the fifth or seventh day but if it commence sooner unless attended by some notable Evacuation 't is oft-times fatal But of all fatal signs that of the Patient 's rubbing and picking the nose without any efflux of matter is the most dismal As touching the Method of Cure 'T is necessary to distinguish malignant Feavers which suddenly weaken the Person and generally determine in some notable Evacuations from those that are benign and favourable in which we either leave all to Nature as the ancients did or anticipat her efforts by enervating and correcting the febrile Ferment with Artificial Remedies and so ascribe the whole Cure to Art Sometimes we joyn issue with Nature and while she performs her Work are only busy'd in removing the impediments that imbarrass her by cleansing the first passages emptying the Blood Vessels and promoting the precipitation of the morbific matter by Medicines proper for that purpose Indeed when Nature departs from her due Measures by indeavouring unseasonable evacuations as in the beginning of a Feaver while the Urine is yet Crude a violent Loosness Bleeding c. 't is a perplex'd Case for to withstand Nature and stop the Loosness c. were to augment the Feaver and to suffer it to go on weakens and disables the Patient so that he cannot encounter
carefully to distinguish between the real fat Crust which is usual in continual and intermitting Feavers and proceeds from the excessive Heat which melts the internal Fat and is always uniform as to its Colour and Appearance and the apparent Crust familiar to Hypocondriac and Scorbutic Persons which is nothing else but the concretion of vicious Salts and when the Chamber-pot is a little inclin'd appears green or parti-color'd like a Peacock's Tail In the beginning of a Hectic the Belly is costive but when 't is further advanc'd and the Stomac and Digestive faculty quite gone they are molested with a Looseness which together with melting Sweats off-fallings of Hair and universal Consumption of Body at length finishes their Days A Perfect Hectic Feaver may be consider'd in its several degrees 1. When the Nutritious Juice is dispers'd and mis-apply'd 2. When not only the simple Nutritious Juice but the fat and what was already appropriated to particular solid parts is melted down and consum'd 3. When besides these Symptoms the Fibres of the solid parts are manifestly dry and wither'd The last degree is incurable If a Hectic be occasion'd by disorders of the Bowels or internal Ulcers if it follow continual or intermitting Feavers or chronical Distempers if the Hairs fall off and the Person be old or molested with a Looseness or Lienteria attended by a ghastly Countenance and swellings of the Feet and Legs they are all fatal Symptoms especially the last three If it be a principal independent uncompounded Hectic the direct Indications of Cure are to temper the Acrimony of the Blood and Acid Viscosity of the Lymph and to corroborat the Stomac For which purposes observe 1. That Bleeding Purging or any Evacuations are improper unless the first Passages be stull'd with Crudities for which a gentle Laxative is allowable but in a small Dose by reason that Hectic Persons are very easily Purg'd 2. If it arise from the Stomac as it frequently do's Vomits and the use of Elixir Proprietatis are very effectual 3. That by all means Loosenesses and excessive Sweats must be curb'd the former by Quinces red Roses Chalybeat Milk c. The latter by Opiats given at Night in small Doses 4. That all sweet things Sugar Hony c. ought to be cautiously avoided by reason that they are offensive to the Stomac and impart a viscidity to the humors of the Body If the Feaver be Simptomatical a particular regard must be had to the principal Disease and above all to the Stomac If it follow a continual or intermitting Feaver a Vomit if convenient may be administred and after that there 's nothing better than Sal-Armoniac and Poterius's Antihectic If it follow an Ulcer of any internal Part vulnerary Sulphureous Medicines are proper especially the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with express'd Oyl of Almonds distill'd Oyls are too sharp or this Balsam thus prepar'd may be mix'd with a little Oyl of Aniseeds Turpentin dissolv'd in the â—olk of an Egg or human Fat or the Decoctions of vulnerary or pectoral Herbs are likewise proper After the principal Diseases and the state of the Stomac are taken care of the Hectic Feaver it self must be accounted for by exhibiting temperat attenuating Medicines The essential Salt of May-dew or its Spirit with the Flowers of Violets Borrage and Bugloss infus'd in it the Phlegm of Vitriol that comes over before the Spirit if it be rectify'd the Juice or Dew which sticks to the Herb call'd Rosasolis the Juicy fat Herbs Fruits and Seeds such as House-leek Plantan Succory Marshmallows Lettuce Purslain Borrage Bugloss Fistic Nuts sweet Almonds Sebestins the four cold Seeds white Poppy Seeds and especially Currans or Raisins whether by way of Pulp or Decoction with Sassafras China and Elecampane Roots or Fermentation with Wine or Preparation with Juice of Apples are all noted Specifics for this purpose Crabs Eyes and Pearls are sovereign Antihectics if we could resolve 'em into their primitive milky Liquor from whence they sprung Terra foliata Tartari and its Liquor well prepar'd is likewise of good use Antihecticum Poterii is a noble Medicine if it be very well separated from the Sulphur of the Tin As thus Take five parts of purify'd Tin and four parts of the Regulus of Antimony Melt and fix them with triple the Quantity of Nitre While the mixture stands melted stir it with a wooden Spatula that by so doing the Sulphur of the Tin may evaporat Afterwards dissolve the mixture and reserve for use the white Powder that sinks to the Bottom Diaphoretic Antimony mineral Bezoar Ivory Coral mix'd Sal-Armoniac or Arcanum Duplicatum or with Mynsicht's Magistery of Lead or Sugar of Lead are very convenient where the Heat is more intense Some give thirty drops of the Antiphthifical Tincture prepar'd from Sugar of Lead and Vitriol of Steel Allum or its Spirit mix'd with Spirit of Wine is much applauded Spirit and Oyl of human Blood are recommended by Mr. Boyle If Grief or any passion of the Mind threaten a Hectic give twice a Day forty drops of the Tincture of Coral with Spirit of Stags-heart Some receive great Benefit by a Milk Diet of Womens Asses Goats and Cows Milk But it ought to be commencd before the strength is very much impair'd or the Digestion lost In a word 't will be proper to mind these Cautions 1. That the Hectic be not attended by a putrid Feaver or a Head-ach or distention of the Hypochondria or a foul Stomac and weak Digestion 2. That while Persons use Milk they Eat or Drink little else 3. That all Acids be avoided and a little Sugar added to the Milk to prevent its Curdling 4. That the Milk be taken warm and with a fasting Stomac either by sucking it from the Breasts or drinking it when just milk'd for fear of any Alteration from the Air. 5. That the Physician ought to try first if the Milk Diet agree with the Patient's Constitution as after a gentle Purgation let him exhibit three or four ounces of Milk and if there insue no sense of weight about the Stomac Hiccough Squeamishness increase of Heat or acceleration of the Pulse he may exhibit a Pint every Morning and Evening And after drinking of it the Patient must not sleep or use violent Motion The Food of Hectic Persons must be temperat and juicy as Broth decoctions of Rice or Barley Pullets Capons Hens Ducks fed with Frogs and Cocles Snails fed with Sugar and Meal and boil'd in Hen-broth juice of River-Crabs made up with Butter or mixt with the Oil or Decoction of sweet Almonds Oysters if the Stomach be able to digest 'em and the Appetit covet 'em Eels c. But under a Milk Diet let the Patient abstain from Meat CHAP. V. Of Malignant Feavers A Feaver is call'd Malignant when 't is attended by more dismal Symptoms than its visible Cause is wont to produce Malignity is not inseparably united to Contagion there being some contagious Diseases that are not
either design'd for preservation from imminent danger or removing the present Illness Distill'd Vinegar Camphyr and alexipharmacal Ingredients are proper Preservatives As for the proper Cure of Malignant Feavers 't is perform'd by expelling the poysonous ferment and fortifying the Spirits and Humours in order to promote the expulsion To this purpose Sulphur absorbent Antimonial Powders Camphyr Vinegar and Acid Juices precipitating Powders such as the friable parts of Animals mix'd with alexipharmacal Ingredients such as Zedoary Ivy-Berries Juniper and Bay-berries Myrrh Angelica Gentian and Saffron with Opium and Sudorifics are very proper But in order to a regular use of 'em let us mind the following Cautions 1. Vomits especially the Infusion of Vitrum Antimonii are of admirable efficacy in the very beginning of Malignant Feavers especially when they 're attended by Anxieties in the Breast or proceed from an internal corruption of the Humors But the Season of exhibiting them must be nicely weigh'd for if Nature be already endeavouring any other evacuation especially through the Skin they are out of season 2. Sudorifics are justly look'd upon as the basis of the Cure but they ought to be proportion'd to the malignity of the Disease and strength of the Patient If the Malignity be of a moderat Character 't is advisable to begin with absorbents at first Indeed a violent malignity requires powerful Sudorifics but care must be taken that the Patient be not stifl'd with weight of Cloaths And those of the sweating Tribe that are Aromatic and Oily are only proper in the beginning or during the increase Towards the height or when the Heat is violent 't is not amiss to exchange 'em with fix'd Powders or at least to qualifie 'em with Acids such as the Spirits of Nitre the vegetable Acid Juices c. Camphyr is a Sudorific never to be omitted unless it be prohibited by a peculiar Antipathy as in some Women and studious Men. 3. During the time of sweating or immediatly after it let Acid mixtures of the Juice of Citrons and especially Spirit of Nitre c. be exhibited They retrieve the exhausted Spirits and procure a due consistence to the dissolv'd Blood and ought always to be imploy'd for a Vehicle to Venice Treacle and such like hot Compositions 4. Opiats are of admirable use for promoting Sweat which is frequently hinder'd by anxiety and unquietness Let 'em be mix'd both with Sudorifics and with the Acid mixtures exhibited after sweating but their proper Season is during the Increase for towards the Crisis they ought to be avoided 5. The Cure of malignant Feavers varies according to their respective Causes If they proceed from external Contagion fierce Sudorifics are requir'd If from the internal corruption of the Humours they ought to be more temperat and rather absorbent If the Animal Spirits are the principal seat of the Malignity subtil volatil penetrating Ingredients mix'd with Narcotics are proper If the Blood claim that Character they ought to be temper'd with Acid Vehicles The malignity of the Blood is for the most part attended by eruptions of Humours at one part or other that of the Spirits by Deliriums Watchings Convulsions c. and a tolerable Pulse 6. Malignant Feavers are frequently complicated continual Burning ones in which case regard must be had to the boiling heat of the Blood by insisting most on moder at Acids and fix'd absorbents especially those of Antimony and qualifying the volatil oily Specifics 7. The above mention'd Symptoms relating to the Tongue Hands and Tendons ought always to be inquir'd after as also the condition of the Eyes for if they are rutilant and fiery or fierce they threaten Deliriums 8 There is nothing more fatal than a Looseness and all Artificial Purgations are pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or if Nature endeavour Cutaneous Fruptions or if the force of malignity surpass that of the febrile effervescency If the first Passages be stuff'd let temperat Clysters be injected and even those but very cautiously In the Declension of the Disease a gentle Laxative is not amiss 9. Blood-letting is highly Pernicious especially if the Disease came by Contagion or tend to cutaneal Eruptions Sometimes if the malignity be weak and the Blood boyl high in a Plethoric young Person accustom'd to Bleeding it may be allow'd but with a great deal of Caution and Judgment 10. Blistering Plaisters are very useful They 're applied to the Legs and Arms and in case of sleepy Symptoms to the Nap of the Neck If the Animal Spirits are much afflicted or if the Eruptions design'd by nature advance but slowly or retire afterwards they are of singular use Stephanus advises us not to be over hasty in applying 'em till Nature have discover'd her design and then if she be weak to interpose their help The increase or rather beginning of the Height is a proper time to apply ' em 11. The Diet must be thin neither are Victuals to be offer'd unless the appetit require ' em For Drink let Water be boyl'd with a third part of Rhenish Wine and mix'd with the Juice of Citrons and Gelly of Harts-horn Or let Whey be sharpen'd with the Juice of Citrons or Spirit of Nitre Having premis'd these Cautions we shall next touch at the Specifics some of which are volatil some fix'd The volatil are either lean and thin such as the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac the Spirits and volatil Salts of Harts-horn of Vipers of Tartar of Urine of Amber c. Or Oily and Aromatic such as Camphyr Elecampane Birthwort Rue Galangal Mary-gold Orange Peel Germander Castor Vipers Baum Zedoary lesser Centory Rob of Juniper and Elder-berries the distill'd Oyls of Amber Camphyr Harts-horn and Tartar Essence of Triacle Spirit of Triacle Camphoris'd and the Essences of Aromatic Herbs The fix'd are Diaphoretic Antimony Diaphoretic Gold native Cinnabar or that of Antimony above all the fix'd Sulphur of Antimony mineral Bezoar both simple and Compound the Bezoar Stone given to half a dram or in the room of it the Stone cut out of a Man's Bladder seal'd Earth Coral Harts-horn Sulphur and the preparations of Nitre c. Some are of a temperat nature neither properly volatil nor fix'd such are the Gelly of Harts-horn the expelling Seeds viz. Those of Carduus Benedictus Columbines Cresses Citrons c. To which we may add Myrrh which is a baumy Medicine of excellent use for covering the Spirits from the shocks of the malign ferment From these Simples are prepar'd an infinity of compound Medicines such as Venice Triacle or Diascordium which is better Mithridat Species of Hyacinth the Powder call'd Saxonicus c. As for Venice Triacle and such like hot Compositions the best way is to exhibit em in Acid Vehicles and mix 'em with fix'd Specifics Take of Rasberry Water and that of Water Germander of each an ounce and a half Diaphoretic Antimony half a dram Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen grains volatil Salt of Harts-horn twelve grains Camphyr two or three
quickly white in the middle and retaining a red Circumference when they are most numerous in the extreme Parts appearing about the fourth day ripening quickly and finishing their Course by the fourteenth The dangerous Symptoms are just the reverse of these To which we may add Pits or black Points in the middle of the Pushes a livid Circumference the interjection or following of malignant Spots convulsive motions continuing after the Eruption moist Hands while the Arms are very dry the distention and murmuring of the Belly attended by Anxiety and Unquietness betokening the Inflammation of the Intestins the continuance of the Feaver and difficult Respiration after the Eruption signifying that the Bowels Lungs Midriff and internal Parts are inflam'd and beset with Wheals violent Pains of the Back accompany'd by an unaccountable Weakness and malignant Symptoms pissing Blood or voiding Blood either upwards or downwards Loosenesses and Bleeding at Nose following the Eruption c. Sometimes indeed Bleeding at Nose in the beginning of the Sickness in a large quantity and without the least Interruption and ceasing of its own accord is a favourable Circumstance Some have observ'd that the Children of Parents who were pox'd before Marriage are always in great danger when attack'd by the Small-Pox Those who dye of this Disease are seiz'd with Quinsies or a stuffing of the Lungs Loosenesses Dysenteries or Convulsions If they recover the Eyes are in danger of being damag'd the Lungs and Guts of being ulcerated the external Parts of Imposthmes and the whole Body of Obstructions and Cachexies The Cure is perform'd by moderating the sharp Ferment expelling it when corrected and mitigating the Symptoms In order to a regular pursuit of these Ends let 's observe the following Cautions 1. We ought to distinguish the time of Separation from that of Expulsion During the former the Blood boyls high and ought not to be spurr'd on by expelling Medicines unless the Patient be very weak but appeas'd and arm'd against the Influence of the malign Miasma's by absorbent fixing Ingredients But during the latter Alexipharmical and expelling Medicines especially Emulsions of the expelling Seeds ought to be exhibited and persisted in till the Pushes disappear 2. During the Progress of the Disease Purges or Clysters are highly pernicious In the beginning of the Feaver if it be very high and free of Malignity and if the sick Person 's first Passages be stuff'd 't is not improper to exhibit a gentle Laxative with sweet Mercury After the Declination of the Pox or Measles 't is highly necessary to purge with the same Ingredients in order to prevent the Influence of the acid Remains 3. If a Looseness happen after the Eruption we ought to be cautious of suppressing it especially if the Feaver be not malignant and the Humors be putrify'd within In this case we ought still to persist in the use of Sudorifics which divert the Humors to the Surface of the Body In other Cases a symptomatical Loosness ought to be stopp'd by adding Astringents If it proceed from Worms it 's frequently fatal 4. Blood-letting in Germany is highly pernicious unless the Patient be of a full Plethoric Constitution and seis'd with a Frensie and even then it only takes place in the beginning before the Eruption 5. Opiats are of excellent use for promoting Expulsion mitigating the pernicious Symptoms of the Nerves and lower Belly and for incouraging the swelling of the Hands and Face which is a most favourable Circumstance in this Disease 6. After Recovery the Lungs Throat Belly and internal parts ought to be arm'd against the influence of the remaining acid 7. External Applications for preventing Scars and Pits are very prejudicial especially before Maturation The most useful External is Bracelets of Amber applied to the Wrists which promote the Expulsion 8. If the Feaver be high during the time of Separation avoid too much Heat If the Patient be weak and Nature unable to perform its part artificial Heat is not improper 9. During the time of Separation the Diet must be thin Wine is improper the Decoctions of Lentils or of any sort of Pulse are flatulent and prejudicial Let Gelly of Harts-horn be dissolv'd in small Beer mixt with the Tincture of Columbines or in which a Bag of Columbine and Turnep Seeds is infus'd for ordinary drinking For Children let hot Horses Dung be infus'd in what they drink for it promotes Sweat and defends the Neck and Throat Having premis'd these Cautions the next thing is to take a view of the Materia Medica For moderating the motion of the Blood and mitigating the Symptoms of the Breast and Belly and promoting Expulsion we use mineral Unicorn diaphoretic Antimony Cinnabar of Antimony of excellent use for preventing Convulsions and especially Unicorn's horn and Emulsion of the expulsive Seeds viz. The Seeds of Cresses Columbines Turneps and Carduus Benedictus To which we add some volatil Ingredients such as the Salt and Spirits of Harts-horn Vipers and Human Blood when the Acid afflicts the Nerves and the Pushes break out but slowly The specific Remedies of great Note are Myrrh and Castor or their Essences prepar'd with Spirit of Wine tartaris'd To which we may add Saffron the Dung of Animals especially Horse's or Sheep's Dung infus'd in Wine Figs or their Decoction to which we add Millet Seeds to qualifie their loosening Virtue Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire and Diaphoretic Antimony of each fifteen grains Myrrh half a scruple Make a Powder to be exhibited before the Eruption If the Patient be troubled with a shivering just upon the point of Eruption add the Salt of Carduus Benedictus Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire and Cinnabar of Antimony of each half a scruple Castor three grains Myrrh two grains volatil Salt of Vipers four or five grains Make a Powder to be given after eruption or when the Pushes advance but slowly Or Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire fifteen grains solar Bezoar half a scruple volatil Salt of Harts-horn five grains Laudanum Opiatum half a grain Mix for one Dose In case of a looseness or unquietness and malignity add two grains of Camphyr Or Take of Scabious Water an ounce and a half Essence of Myrrh a Dram Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire a scruple Mineral Bezoar half a scruple Laudanum prepar'd by fermentation a Grain Syrup of Carduus Benedictus three Drams Make a Potion The volatil Salt of Vipers or that of Harts-horn Camphyr Sennertus's Bezoardic Powder Spirit of Treacle and in case of a Looseness seal'd Earth may be added by turns Take of the yellow part of Orange Peel two drams Citron Seeds a dram Seeds of Columbines and Carduus Benedictus Myrrh of each half a dram sweet Almonds a dram With Viper-Grass-water make an Emulsion and sweeten it If the Patient be much disquieted add the Syrup of Poppies and Essence of Castor Take of the Tincture of Tartar two drams Essence of Myrrh prepar'd with the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac a dram Mix and
this diminution of the Pulse and want of Strength we must call to mind that the vital force of our Body is founded radically in the Blood but exerts it self by its most subtile active and moveable part call'd the Spirits which being volatiliz'd by the inspired Air in the Breast like Rays of Light are diffus'd through the whole Body either in a vital Capacity together with the Blood in the Arteries or separately by the Brain and Nerves under the Character of animal Spirits When therefore the Blood by reason of its less quantity or viscidity and acidity or want of active Salts is unfit to undergo the vital Fermentation in the Breast the Spirits must of necessity fail whence ensues a weakness and languishing that steals on by degrees This vicious constitution of the Blood is oftentimes occasion'd by some error in Diet after acute Diseases or follows the indiscreet management of chronical Distempers supposing the Blood to be rob'd of its Spirits and the Chyle to be over power'd with Crudities arising from the weakness of the stomachical Ferment and flatness of the Bile But if on a sudden the vital fermentation of the Blood in the breast is interrupted and by consequence the luminous Ray of the vital and animal Spirits fail or if incident external Objects pour disorder and confusion on the animal Spirits then follows a sudden prostration of Strength and cessation of Sense and Motion which according to its various degrees is call'd either Lipothymia Syncope or Asphyxia Now the vital fermentation of the Blood is interrupted either by immoderat evacuations of any Humour or Juice such as the Blood seminal Liquor hydropic Water corrupt Matter c. or by its coagulation occasion'd by Poison or the unfriendly miasms of corrupt Matter issuing froman Imposthume in the Heart The external Objects that disorder the Spirits are such as excite violent and sudden passions of the Mind as Frights Grief Joy Anger also strong and disagreeable Smells the sight of Animals to which we have a natural Antipathy and whatever affects the upper Orifice of the Stomac which by consent influences all the other Nerves of the Body Upon which occasions the Spirits are hindered in their wonted motions either by oppression or fixation as in sudden Frights or dissipation as in excessive sudden Joy or deviation as in Cramps and Convulsions of the Heart A weakness and languishing without any manifest cause prognosticats the sudden invasion of Diseases especially those of a Scorbutic Character If it succeed to acute Diseases it threatens either a Relapse Dropsie or intermitting Feaver In the beginning of any Disease 't is a sign of Malignity Syncope's and Lipothymi's are more or less dangerous according to the measure of their duration and the character of their symptoms and if after the use of suitable means the Patient is not awak'd they prove dangerous Those occasion'd by an effusion of Blood or other Humours are safer than others that spring from an internal acute Cause If they are attended by anguish of Heart and restlessness they proceed from the Stomac and are less fatal when the left side of the orifice is affected In fine the more clammy and copious the cold Sweat is so much the more dangerous is the Syncope The Cure is compass'd by the continu'd use of volatil Aromatic Medicines which promote the vital Fermentation exalt the Blood sharpen the unactive Bile remove the clamminess of the Blood and withal restore the digestive force of the Stomac Such are the Spirit of Wine or generous Wines impregnated with vegetable Aromatics as Take of Rosemary curl'd Mint of each a Handful Sage and Baum of each half a handful Roots of the genuin Acorus Elecampane and Fennel an Ounce the four lesser hot Seeds of each a Dram Cinnamon Cubebs Cloves Mace of each two Drams cut bruise and tye them in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine of which take a draught in the Morning fasting and at Meals In scorbutical and hypochondriac cases Scurvy-grass Cresses Peper-wort c. may be added together with some drops of the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated dropt into each draught We may also use stomachical Essences and Elixirs Aqua Vitae aploplectic and epileptic Waters c. Volatil oily Salts and a hundred such like to be taken thrice a Day Morning Noon and at Bed-time and also before eating Now as to sudden fainting and swooning we must endeavour when the Fit is present to remove it and when 't is over to prevent its relapse There are three sorts of Medicins in use during the Fit viz. 1. Spirituous sulphurous and oily ones such are all inflamable Aromatic Spirits prepar'd by fermentation distill'd Aromatic Oyls and compound apoplectic Waters 2. Spirituous Alcali's sharp volatil urinous Spirits and Salts which are always the better for being well charg'd with Oyl 3. Sharp volatil Acids especially Vinegar which wakens the Senses and rallies the dissipated Spirits Sometimes we join 'em to Opiats for staying the convulsive motions of the Spirits Thus the Principal Remedies used in a Syncope are Generous Wines Cinnamon its Water and distill'd Oyl and all its preparations all Apoplectic Waters Spirit of Lilly of the Valley prepar'd by fermentation spirit of Venice Treacle both simple and compound distill'd Oyl of Cloves Cordial and Apoplectic Balsams all volatil Salts spirit of Stagg's Heart spirit of Harts-horn prepar'd with Amber spirit of Roses prepar'd with Amber to which if the Salt of Vipers or that of Amber is added 't is almost an infallible Remedy Moreover the Elixir of Citrons or their Spirit sharpen'd with the volatil salt of Harts-horn the quintessences of Baum and Angelica the Essence of Saffron mix'd with a grain or two of volatil Salt of Harts-horn the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with spirit of Stagg's Heart the Tincture of Gold the volatil Salts impregnated with distill'd aromatic Oyls such as rectified spirit of Sal-Armoniac joined with aromatick spirit of Wine are all of excellent use if exhibited in convenient Vehicles such as Baum-water prepar'd with Wine Penny-royal and Cinnamon-water Aqua Vitae or Matthiolus's Elixir vitae Water of Stagg's Heart Mynsicht's hot cordial Water and for Women Swallow-water with Castor c. to which may be added Camphyr or spirit of Treacle camphoris'd As for Acids we use spiritous and Generous Wine the Juice of Citrons Juice or Syrup of Rasberries conserve of the Pulp of Citrons mix'd with Diascordium Vinegar impregnated with Castor Vinegar of Marigold-flowers or the Flowers of the Lilly of the Valley or those of Elder of Rue c. As for Narcotics Helmont's Laudanum Opiatum in a small Dose Venice Treacle Mithridat Extract of Treacle and such like Compositions are proper In the use of these Remedies we must have a principal regard to the antecedent Causes For example if the Syncope is caus'd by poyson proper Antidotes must be added and a Vomit exhibited especially when the Poyson lurks in the first passages When the Cause is lodg'd in the
Stomac or Abdomen Vomits are also proper Hysteric causes require Zedoary Castor volatil Salts and other Hysteric Remedies Externally the same Remedies are appli'd to the Nostrils Temples Pulse Lips and pit of the Stomac The Water of Lilly of the Valley the Apoplectic Balsam Oyl of Cinnamon and that of Citrons Oyl of Amber and Oyl of Cloves are the common Specifics for that use some say that Fumigation with Amber alone is of notable efficacy If the Syncope and Lipothimia proceed from unreasonable evacuations excessive Sweating Heat Labour Fatigue Anger Joy or ungrateful smells let Acids be exhibited as also a Vomit if there be occasion The Swoonings of malignant Feavers are accounted for by exhibiting Camphyr in a small quantity mix'd with Laudanum Opiatum and other Antidots When they are occasion'd by frights excessive Bleeding or immoderat sadness spirituous oily Remedies take place and if the Paroxism is dangerous a Vein may be open'd If we fear a Syncope from an excessive flux of the terms Opiats join'd with Acids and prepar'd Coral are of excellent use For Old Persons there 's nothing equals the following Powder Viz. Take of Ambergrise or Musk eight grains which dissolve in twelve drops of Oyl of Cinnamon and half a Scruple of Oyl of Cardamums add prepar'd Pearl half a Scruple whitest Sugar-candy two ounces Make a Powder SECT XVII Of Nutrition THE eternal motion of our active Principles disturbs the repose of the solid Parts unties their Bonds and exposes 'em to decay In order to repair this their loss the Blood laden with Chyle being finish'd in the left Ventricle of the Heart sets out from thence and makes a Tour round the Body it visits every Part and measures out suitable Recruits which are strain'd thro' the Pores of the Part and nourish it by way of apposition or else ferment with the Guardian Spirits that defend the Place and being thereby coagulated and transform'd into a likeness with the Part consolidat and give occasion to its growth Thus all the Members of the Body are either augmented in our Youth or nourish'd and preserv'd from decay during the remainder of our lives Now the hindrances of a regular Nutrition are such as relate either to the deficiency or want of due Nourishment or to its redundancy or to its depravation CHAP. I. Of a Consumption and Phthisic NUtrition is deficient when the Bones Cartilages and Membranes wither and the Fat and muscular Flesh which are only capable of Consumption are accordingly consum'd If the Fat alone be melted down it amounts to no more than a leanness but if the dewy Muscles are consum'd without restoration we call it a Tabes or form'd Consumption The Causes of a Consumption relate either to the Spirits or nutritious Juice The former are the deficiency or dissipation of the Spirits the one caus'd by the vicious Crasis of Blood or Indisposition of the Brain the other by Fatigue Venery Study or Grief Those relating to the nutritious Matter are first its defect occasion'd by the scarcity or want of proper Food and consequently of Chyle The obstruction of the Vasa lactea the Schirrous Tumors of the Pylorus or those of the Mesentery so frequently met with the compression or wounding of the Ductus of the Breast all which cut off the communication of the Chyle with the Blood Worms in the Guts sucking up the Chyle Excessive evacuations of the nutritious Juice either in Company with the Blood in excessive Bleedings or otherwise by Loosenesses immoderate Sweats runnings of the Reins Whites Ulcers and excessive Venery The second cause relating to the Nutritious Juice is its depravation occasion'd either by a weak digestion in the Stomac or the saltness and viscidity of the Blood or Lymph that follows Acute or Intermitting Feavers or retains to Scorbutic and Hypocondriac Constitutions In fine the Crudities of the Stomac and degeneracy of the Blood are the common causes of a Consumption and reciprocally promote one another The former occasion a saline putrid taste in the Mouth and provoke the Lungs and Larynx to Cough as they pass after joining the Blood The latter viz. The degeneracy of the Blood renders it unfit for nourishing the Parts and is occasion'd either by the crudity of the Chyle or the Ulcer of some Bowel or external part that taints it as it passes In which last case it procures a Phthisic A Phthisic therefore is generally taken for a Consumption arising from the Ulcer of any Bowel or external part as of the Reins Liver and especially the Lungs which are most liable to be vitiated by the Air and the recrements of degenerat Blood 'T is distinguish'd from a Vomica of the Lungs by this Mark viz. That the latter is a close Ulcer inclos'd within its own Membranes and fill'd with laudable Pus whereas a phthisical Ulcer is open and voids sordid corrupt Matter Tho' a Phthisic be generally imputed to an Ulcer of the Lungs yet it may arise from the Corrugation Schirrus or any other disorder of the Lungs or Bowels that disturbs and depraves the Blood It s remote causes are the acrimony and saltness of the Blood or Lymph which is frequently owing to Crudities from the Stomac and was represented by the Ancients as a Catarrh or defluxion from the Head Wounds Bruises clotted Blood or heterogeneous Matter in the Breast Inflamations of the Lungs or Pleura ending in Suppuration the Corrosion of the small Pox corrosive steams as those of Aqua-fortis Quick-lime c. Drinking of Acid Tartarin Wines or Vinegar smoaking Tobacco irregular Passions of the Mind c. A Phthisic propagats it self by a hereditary Succession and is so very contagious that the Breath of a Phthisical Person will corrupt the Lungs of another and convey its virulency thro' the Breasts of a suckling Woman The signs of a Consumption are these a sharp Nose hollow Eyes low Temples the Laps of the Ears contracted the Fore-head dry and hard the Complexion pale and livid the Ribs and Shoulder-blades bend outward the Cartilage of the Breast is bow'd the Back-bone sharp and prominent the Belly falls low the Hips are loose or quite consum'd the Legs Arms Feet and Hands are dry the Knuckles protuberant the Nails bow'd the Skin wrinkled and flaggy the Urin is cover'd with Fat the Veins of the Body are every where apparent and the Hairs fall off Nocturnal Sweats are common to all Phthisical Persons and melting loosenesses and swellings of the Feet conclude the Tragedy If a Consumption or Phthisic proceed from an obstruction of the Glandules of the Mesentery intercepting the Chyle the Belly is swell'd and molested with a hollow heavy Pain the region of the Navel is hard and the Excrements are liquid or mix'd with Chyle If it proceed from a weak digestion or crudities from the Stomac the Symptoms observe this order viz. After much care anger drinking or some such Error in the use of the not natural things there insues a prostration of strength and
will not be improper to Bath it with the Spirit of Wine and strong Waters as for astringent Fomentations I doubt they do more harm than good If the Vessels or Organs be broke we may add vulnerary Ingredients to the above mention'd Specifics If the difficulty of breathing be very troublesome 't is usual to give a dram of Sperma Caeti in Spanish Wine after vomiting If Hydropical Persons be extream thirsty we must be very cautious of pleasing them or answering their demands since abstinence from Drink is the better part of the Cure Nitre melted in the Mouth Wine temper'd with Juice of Citrons the dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt Vinegar diluted with Chalybeat Water and the Decoction of Juniper Berries in Whey given for ordinary drinking are of use for mitigating this Symptom In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Clysters of hydropical Purgatives and aromatic Ingredients or of Herrin-Pickle or of a Child's Urine impregnated with carminative Seeds in case of Wind or mix'd with Turpentin and Nitre Nor will it be amiss to apply discussive Aromatics to the soles of the Feet Belly and Cod. Such are the Leaves of Celandin the greater Bags quilted with aromatic Seeds and Bran Man's Ordure Goats Dung boil'd in Mint-Water or mix'd with Man's Urin in the form of a Cataplasm Horse's Dung mix'd after the same method with Meal of Barley and Vinegar Quick-lime-Water mix'd with Spirit of Wine is of excellent use for bathing the Legs Belly and Scrotum especially when a Gangrene is threaten'd by the appearance of Spots Cataplasms made of Cockles bruis'd together with their Shells and mix'd with Goats-Dung are particularly recommended by Thonerus If these Cataplasms prove uneasie they may be shifted for aromatic Oyls such as the Oyl of Scorpions distill'd Oyl of Juniper Oyl of Bays Oyl of Toads mix'd with the Ointments Agrippae Martiatum c. Or an Ointment made of Sulphur Quick-lime and the Extracts of sharp Plants Some commend Bathing but 't is only of use against Anasarca's It remains only to annex a few Recipe's for illustrating the Method of prescribing Take of the Extract of Elaterium fifteen or twenty grains Rosin of Jalap from two to five grains Troches Alhandal one or two grains distill'd Oyl of Juniper two drops With Essence of Wormwood make Pills for a Hydropical Purge To which we may premise the Tincture Spirit or Salt of Tartar as a Digestive Take of the Conserve of Peach-Flowers a dram twelve grains of Mercurius vitae mix'd with fifteen grains of sweet Mercury Extract of Elaterium a grain or two With the Syrup of Buckthorn make a Bolus for one Dose Take of the Rob of Juniper an Ounce and a half Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples half an ounce Powder of Rhubarb two or three drams with Cinnamon-Water make an Electuary for corroborating the Stomac Take of Swallow-wort Roots two ounces Leaves of Celandin the greater Hore-hound and Wormwood of each a handful Citron and Orange-peel of each six drams Seeds of the Ash-tree of Cumin Fennel and Annis of each two or three drams Juniper Berries bruis'd an ounce and a half Galangal Cloves Ginger of each a dram Salt of Tartar six drams infuse them in Wine Of which let the Patient take a Draught frequently Take of the Salt of Vine-twigs or that of Pigeons Dung of each a dram Powder of Toads two scruples Make a Powder for two Doses Take of the carminative Spirit de tribus half an ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac two drams Mix. Dose half a dram twice a day Take of the Decoction of Camomil Flowers half a Pound Man's Urine three Ounces lenitive Electuary six drams distill'd Oyl of Turpentin a scruple Make a Clyster Take of the carminative Decoction six Ounces Man's Urine three ounces Yest a Dram common Salt a scruple Hony of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster Take of Cockles and their Shells bruis'd a Pound Powder of Caraway-Seeds two ounces Goats Dung an ounce Make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Belly and Cod. Take of the Ointment of Sowbread an Ounce Ointment of Agrippa half an ounce Oyl of Scorpions an Ounce and a half distill'd Oyl of Toads three drams Mix for a Liniment and anoint the Belly frequently ART 3. Of the Yellow Black and White Jaundice A Jaundice is a cachectic disposition of Body attended by a preternatural Colour of the Skin it is caus'd either by the corruption of the Chyle in the Stomac or its vicious fermentation with the Bile and Juice of the Pancreas in the Duodenum or by the immediat putrification of the Mass of Blood The first cause defiles the Mass of Blood and taints it with various Recrements according to the manner of its corruption Hence Milk curdled in the Stomacs of Children Summer-Fruits Cucumbers Fish c. being converted into a musty Crudity will cause a Jaundice by mixing the corrupt Chyle with the Blood which being unfit for nourishment or assimilation is thrown out in a serous Vehicle upon the Glandules of the Skin and sometimes upon internal Glandules The Jaundices which follow Feavers or extreme bleeding which are attended by vomiting of yellow corrupt Matter musty Belchings Heart-burnings and Excrements colour'd as in a healthy state seem to arise from this cause and are accordingly cur'd by Vomits and bitter stomachical Medicines The second Cause takes place when an Acid prevails and the Bile is lazy or unactive and either cannot make good its secretion through the Liver and consequently recoils into the Blood or when separated stagnates in the Gall-Bladder and settles into Stones so as to cause an Obstruction of the Passage Hence sulphureous strong Liquors that exalt the Oyl of the Bile and cramp its active Volatil Salt are frequently charg'd with causing a Jaundice Sometimes the Convulsions of the neighbouring Membranes may contract the Gall-Bladder and so shut up the Passage upon which account Vomiting Colic-pains Hysteric Passions and hard Labour in Child-bearing are observ'd to introduce this Disease The prevalency of an Acid in the Duodenum arising either from the austere Recrements of the Stomac or the degeneracy of the Juice of the Pancreas will also pervert the Chyle and consequently the Mass of Blood So that the greatest part of Jaundices are wholly owing to a preternatural corrupt Acid in the Stomac or Duodenum and the inactivity or imperfect distribution of the Chyle As for the third Cause viz. The immediat putrefication of the Mass of Blood 't is occasion'd by Poyson birings of Vipers or Mad Dogs malignant Ulcers suppression of the Terms the Scurvy c. And when a Jaundice springs from this cause the Stomac Bile and Colour of the Excrements continue in their natural state Now any of these three Causes will occasion a preternatural colour of the Skin which always attends the Jaundice For the Blood being vitiated and tinctur'd with corrupt Recrements precipitats and throws 'em out in a serous Vehicle upon the Skin where the miliar Glandules are
especially Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar Tho' Vinegar be an acid yet when joyn'd to Crabs Eyes and absorbent Powders it ferments and assumes a lixivious Urinous form which is of admirable efficacy for dissolving clotted Blood To these we ought always to add Sperma Ceti and the Decoctions or Waters of Vulnerary Plants as being inrich'd with a plentiful Alcali The dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and all the Preparations of Nitre are also of excellent use especially if the Feaver be high As for external applications I refer the Reader to the sixth Book and shall only now take notice of two Particulars 1. The mistake of those who apply repelling Astringents in order to straiten the Vessels and hinder the Corruption of Blood Whereas the Doctrine of Circulation teaches us that the Blood convey'd thither by the Arteries cannot be beat back or return any other way than by the Veins Now to straiten the Vessels that are already straitned by the swelling is the ready way to hinder the Bloods access to the Veins and augment the Inflammation 2. If the tumor cannot be discuss'd we must bring it to a Head by ripening Applications and when the Ulcer is open see it throughly cleans'd before we attempt to consolidat The general Cure of Inflammations being thus accounted for we proceed to Particular Inflammations ART 1. Of a Quinsey Thrush and falling of the Vvula or Palat of the Mouth THE Inflammation of the Muscles of the Neck especially those of the Windpipe and Gullet is stil'd a Quinsy under which we comprehend all Inflammations relating to the Chops If the Internal Muscles of the Throat or Head of the Gullet are inflam'd 't is call'd Synanche if the External Parasynanche if the Internal Muscles of the Head of the Windpipe Cynanche if the External Paracynanche If a Quinsey proceed from the simple Stagnation of pure Blood 't is accounted Genuin if the Viscidity of the Lymph be the first Author of the Swelling and so accompany or rather cause the Stagnation 't is a spurious or white Quinsey The causes of a Quinsey are the unseasonable suppression of a Flux of Blood malignant Miasma's in the Air irritating the Throat and Windpipe the assumption of Corrosive Liquors which provoke the Muscles to contractions cold Air Bones Pieces of Glass or whatever happens to disturb the repose of those Parts or thicken the Blood or Lymph The viscidity or sharpness of the Lymph has a peculiar tendency to the Inflammation of the Tonsillae or Glandules in the Throat which causes 'em to throw out large Quantities of glutinous Lymph upon the Tongue and Jaws An Imminent Quinsey is usher'd in by a difficulty of Breathing swallowing and moving the Neck and a notable Heat in the Throat The Symptoms that accompany it are a difficulty of Breathing especially in a Cynanche the tumor pain and redness of the Neck and Tongue a viscous Film or Crust proceeding from the Tonsillae and covering the Tongue a difficulty of swallowing especially in a Synanche A genuine Quinsey is also attended by an acute Feaver and a distending Convulsive Pulse like that in a Peripneumonia But a spurious one by a slow Feaver and meeker Symptoms If this Inflammation be not quickly discuss'd it either choaks the Patient or becomes an Ulcer which sometimes distils a purulent matter into the Lungs and occasions tragical Symptoms If the swelling and redness display themselves visibly upon the external Muscles 't is a good Circumstance If the internal swelling and difficulty of breathing increase without an apparent Tumor and be attended by Froth in the Mouth If the Feaver observe the period of a continual Tertian if the Vein under the Tongue when open'd do not bleed these I say are bad Omens If the Swelling disappear of a sudden without the Signs of Concoction in the Spittle or diminution of the anxiety of the Breast or if the Head Pleura or other parts are seiz'd with Pain and inflammation by vertue of the Translation of the morbifical Matter we look for Death The Cure is either internal or external The former is the same with that of Inflammations in general providing a due regard be had to the peculiar constitution of the Parts as appears by the following Rules 1. The volatil Salts and absorbent Powders above mention'd join'd to the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre and Laudannm are given with good success in order to sweat Especially Horse-Dung and the Dung of Birds as being plentifully impregnated with a Volatil nitrous Salt Nitre dissolv'd in the ordinary Drink is also much approv'd 2. Amber Myrrh Spirit of Harts-horn and all Medicines recommended for Catarrhs are very proper in Quinseys by reason that the Lymph is always faulty as well as the Blood 3. In the beginning of the Disease we first open a Vein in the Leg then in the Arm and towards the height under the Tongue Before the Invasion of a Quinsey if the Patient be not Plethorick nor the Blood very high we may order Blood-letting under the Tongue but in no other case before the height If the Piles or Terms are suppressed we must always let Blood in the Leg. In desperate cases we apply Scarify'd Cupping-Glasses to the Neck Shoulders and Chin. In fine the Constitution of the Patient and other incident Circumstances must be our Directory for regulating the Measures of Bleeding 4. Epidemical Quinseys or such as proceed from the malignity of the Air must be treated as malignant Diseases without Bleeding or Purging And the Physician ought to avoid their Breath as being very catching 5. Antimonial Vomits are of singular use in the beginning of the Disease especially if it be epidemical or if the Patient be molested with a bitter rusty taste in the Mouth a tickling heat in the Gullet and a loathing of Meat They are improper at any other time besides the very height of the Disease when the suppuration is in some measure advanced and the Swelling cannot be laid open Then indeed a Vomit is the last Refuge If the Person cannot swallow any Liquor let the Throat be tick'ld with Mercurius Vitae with Hony upon a Feather 6. Purgatives are improper as being apt to augment Inflammations Perhaps in the beginning 't will not be improper to cleanse the first Passages with a Laxative But Clysters ought to be injected every Day during the whole progress of the Disease 7. Blistering Plaisters applied to the Neck after the first Blood-letting are not improper 8. If the Inflammation of the Tonsillae arising from viscid Lymph be apt to relapse frequently let an Issue be cut in the Arm. 9. We must be very nice in distinguishing a Quinsey from a Prunella which generally follows Feavers and requires the application of Medicines improper for a Quinsey See the Chap. of Acute Feavers The external part of the Cure of a Quinsey is perform'd 1. By Gargarisms Ointments Cataplasms and Plaisters of discussing Ingredients such as Chamomil and Elder-Flowers Mint Penny-Royal Wild Marjoram Sage Hyssop the
great Guts are only affected the Swelling appears in the sides of the Belly the Loins are infested with a weighty Pain the Symptoms are more remiss and bear downward If the Pain attending the Iflammation be suddenly extinguish'd it notifies a Gangrene For Cure let Clysters of Milk Hony and purifi'd Nitre be speedily injected let a Vein be open'd in the Arm oftner than once if there be occasion let a Caul of a Sheep kill'd in the very Room with the Patient be laid upon the Belly and if the Pain do not cease let it be shifted for fresh ones twice or thrice let the disâ—ill'd Oyl of Lead with Oyl of Roses be applied at other times and let the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre with Laudanum Opiatum Sugar and Oyl of Lead and proper Sudorifics be internally administted The Inflammations of the Anus are caus'd by the suppression of the Piles excessive riding and such like external Causes The Symptoms are the same as those of Inflammations in general For Cure open a Vein in the Arm inject Clysters of emollient Ingredients boil'd in Milk or if these be insufficient of Lin-seed and Rape-seed Oyl and if the Excrements be harden'd add a dram of Sal Gem. If the Inflammation be so great that Clysters cannot be injected administer Raisins or such like gentle Laxatives for opening the Belly and gentle Sudorifics for promoting Sweat Externally apply the Decoction of Mint and Agrimony in Wine or Lime-Water or that of Mullein Flowers and Henbane Leaves in Whey or the mucilage of Quinces extracted with Houseleek-Water and mix'd with Sugar of Lead If the Inflammation was caus'd by the Contact of any sharp thing such as Paper cover'd with Pepper or Vitriol foment with the Decoctions of emollient Ingredients in Milk mix'd with the Whites of Eggs. If it cannot be discuss'd apply Rulandus's Balsam of Sulphur made of Sugar and the Oyl of Poppies and inject Clysters of Chalybeat Milk mix'd with Turpentine and Hony of Roses After ulceration apply Fulminatory Gold mix'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds and exhibit internally vulnerary Decoctions ART 3. Of Inflammations of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caul THE Inflammations of the Mesentery proceed from the same Causes as all other Inflammations particularly from the critical translation of morbifical Matter into their Glandules from the unseasonable suppression of a Dysentery or from a rupture haling it out of its natural Seat The Signs are very obscure and uncertain by reason of the Mesentery's distance from the external surface and its open correspondence with the Nerves of other Parts which frequently obtrude the effect upon us under the notion of the principal Cause However the following Symptoms will give us some light into the matter viz. A sense of weight in the Belly especially when the Person turns himself in his Bed a gentle Heat towards the Navel a small Pain and a sort of distention and Heat under the Stomac and the serosity of the Excrements or their mixture with Chyle when the Stomac is not disorder'd 'T is distinguish'd from the Inflammations that the Navel is liable to by the remissness and dulfless of its Pain and invisibility of the Tumor or absence of apparent hardness If the remote Parts of the Mesentery are only inflam'd the Feaver that accompanies is but slow but if the Parts adjacent to the Guts be seiz'd the Feaver is acute the Symptoms much higher and the Guts share in the Inflammation When the Tumor suppurats the Feaver and other Symptoms are exalted and when it is ready to break a shivering and sometimes a shaking seizes the Person which are sometimes follow'd by the evacuation of purulent Matter by Stool or Urine These Inflammations are but slow-pac'd and require a long time before they come to maturity Their Symptoms are so obscure that they do not much trouble the Patient at first tho' by degenerating into Schirrus's or Ulcers throwing purulent Matter upon the Entrails they frequently cause Hectics Cachexies Gangrenes c. If the purulent Matter be cast into the Guts and voided by Stool It is distinguish'd from that of Imposthumes in the Guts by this difference viz. That from the Mesentery comes in a body mix'd with some Blood and without Pain whereas the other is squeez'd out by drops with violent Gripings and an Acute Feaver As for the Cure Since the Feaver and Symptoms are not Acute Bleeding is improper or if any be allow'd that of the Hemorhoid Veins is only convenient Purgatives are hurtful but emollient Clysters are of excellent use The better part of the Cure depends upon Discussing Sudorifics especially the Tincture and Spirit of Tartar the carminative Spirit the Essence of Steel the Essences of bitter Herbs such as Wormwood Centory Fumitory c. The Essence of Gum Ammoniac and Chalybeat Diaphoretics Externally we apply the Plaister of Gum Ammoniac with that of Hemlock providing it do not exasperate the Pain If it do we conclude that the Inflammation is become an Imposthume and the Plaister ought to be remov'd When the Imposthume breaks and the purulent Matter is voided by Urine it runs first plentifully and afterwards intermits nay oft-times the Urine it self is very plentiful and seems to precipitat a laudable Sediment to the bottom which is nothing else but the melting of the Humors of the Body and is justly look'd upon as a very bad Sign Now when we are appehensive of an Imposthume 't will be requisite to give Diuretics and Abstergents especially Turpentin dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg and mix'd with Chalybeats the Balsam of Peru Rhubarb the Decoctions of Sassafras China Liquorice and Jujubes and the Decoction of Agrimony St. John's Wort Cichory c. in Whey The Inflammations and subsequent Schirrus's and Imposthumes of the Sweet-bread are of the same nature as those of the Mesentery and equally apt to disguise themselves under the cover of Chronical Diseases that in effect owe their Birth to them The like may be said of those of the Caul Both the one and the other are Cur'd as those of the Mesentery or other Inflammations ART 4. Of Inflammations of the Internal Parts of the Breast and particularly of a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia THE Blood being expos'd to the influence of Air in the Lungs is apt to cause Inflammations in the adjacent Parts When the Lungs or both their sides are inflam'd we call it a Peripneumonia if the Pleura and only one side of the Lungs are affected 't is a Pleurisie Sometimes the Mediastinum Midriff and the backpart of the Breast or the Membranes of the Shoulders and Neck share of the Inflammation by turns The cause of such Inflammations is a vicious Acid which both provokes the Parts to Contractions and disposes the Blood for Curdling The remote Causes are cold Air or cold Drink after great Heats violent Motion excessive drinking of spirituous Liquors the suppression of the Terms or of a Dysentery which do's not radically differ from a Pleurisie a Malignant Constitution of
the Air the unseasonable retreat of a Scab or Cuticular Eruptions external Bâ—â—â—ses Falls c. Some of these Inflammations are Benign others Malignant or Epidemical as proceeding from the Air some are principal Diseases others only retainers to other distempers as Feavers c. some are simple Inflammations only of one Part others Complicated as when the Middriff is inflam'd at the same time with the Pleura some are continual others periodical and apt to return frequently after intermissions by reason of some small remains of the acid Ferment that were not extirpated in preceding Inflammations some Pleurisies are call'd Ascending when the seat of the Pain is above the third Rib reckoning from the Neck in which Region the Intercostal Vessels are deriv'd from the Axillary others descending when the Pain is seated betwixt the third and seventh Ribs where the Intercostal Vessels are deriv'd from the inferior Trune of the great Artery Lastly some Pleurisies are Genuin accompany'd by Feavers and other Symptoms relating only to the Pleura and one side of the Lungs others are spurious as being free from acute Feavers Of the spurious Pleurisies we shall mention four Instances 1. When the external Muscles of the Breast and the internal Intercostal Muscles are only inflam'd In this case the Feaver is slow or there 's none at all the Pulse is not very hard the pain is gentle and does not shoot nor is it much exasperated by touching and the Patient is easie when he lies on the opposite side 2. When the Lymph or Serum impregnated with a vicious acid stagnats in the Pleura without inflaming either it or the Lungs This sort of Bastard Pleurifies frequently invades Scorbutical Persons or those whose nervous Systeme is infirm Its Symptoms are a shooting pain in the side without Feaver or Thirst a laudable Pulle and little or no Coughing 3. When a sharp serous Humour distends the Pleaura and intercostal Muscles This kind of Pleurisies is generally imputed to Wind and Vapors Its Symptoms are a wandring periodical pain that do's not shoot a freedom from a Feaver Coughing or bloody Spittings and a sensible ease accruing by lying on the opposite side to the part affected 4. When the Worms in the Guts occasion all the Symptoms that attend a genuin Plurisie and are only discover'd by the disorders of the Belly and uneasiness of the Stomac complicated with Pleuritical Symptoms The Symptoms common to all Inflammations in the Breast are 1. A difficult frequent Respiration 2. A continual acute Feaver Head-ache Thirst and Watching 3. A frequent hard quick and intermitting Pulse 4. The Redness and Inflammation of the Face and Eyes and especially of that side of the Face corresponding to the inflam'd side of the Lungs 5. A troublesome Cough which at first is dry but afterwards casts forth a thin parti-colour'd Matter and in progress of time Blood it self Towards the declension of the Disease the Spittings become white thick and concocted The peculiar Symptoms of a Peripneumonia are a notable difficulty of Breathing and fear of suffocation a heavy pain in time of Coughing towards the lower and hinder part of the Thorax a propensity to Vomit during the first days of the Disease and a peculiar exaltation of all feaverish Symptoms Pleuritical Persons are molested with a pricking stitch in the side especially during the time of Inspiration and are not so apt to Vomit When the Midriff is inflam'd Respiration is more unequal a dull sense of pain girds the Belly and Back a little above the Loins Inspiration is attended by uneasiness about the Sternum and lower parts of the short Ribs the Hypochondria seem to be distended and the Cough is not so moist as in other Inflammations The Inflammation of the Mediastinum resembles a Pleurisy in all its Symptoms excepting that of a heavy sort of pain towards the middle of the fore part of the Breast without pricking or stitching If the Inflammation tend to suppuration they 're attended by a shivering and increase of pain Feaver and other Symptoms which disappear upon its maturity and return for a short time while the Skin or Membran of the Tumour is a-breaking Inflammations in the Thorax are either discuss'd or evacuated by Spitting Sweats Bleeding Looseness or a plentiful flux of Urine The Inflammation of the Midriff is apt to cause fatal Phrensies A Pleurisie is not so dangerous as a Peripneumonia If the Patient spit white smooth Matter about the Fourth Day the Pleurisie disappears on the Seventh if these spittings be put off 'till the Seventh the Disease is prolong'd to the Fourteenth If the Person spit but little and that a thin crude Matter or pure Blood or a bilious rusty Humor with great Pain and difficulty of Breathing 't is a desperate case The Urine affords no certain Prognostic in these Diseases since all the true signs of Concoction belong more naturally to the spittings which are oft-times concocted when the Urine is crude and è contra In the beginning of a Pleurisie or Peripneumonia bilious Vomitings are well look'd upon but during the further progress of the Disease they 're pernicious A Peripneumonia supervening to a Pleurisie or Quinsey is very dangerous but a Pleurisie following that is a good Omen Phrensies and doatings with a ghastly Countenance and a Cessation of pain attending Pleurisies are for the most part fatal In a word the good or bad Prognostic of Pleurisies and Peripneumonia's depends upon the meekness or fierceness of the feaverish Symptoms only the smallness and intermission of the Pulse is not so formidable as in other Cases If these Inflammations are not quickly discuss'd they become Imposthumes which if manag'd amiss occasion a Phthisic As for the Cure the Indications are threefold 1. To discuss the stagnating Blood Or 2. To promote its evacucuation by Spitting Or 3. To ripen and bring it to a Head In Pursuance of these designs let the following Rules be taken notice of 1. In a Peripneumonia Bleeding is of no use in a malignant Pleurisy 't is pernicious in a Benign one it may be serviceable when the Blood abounds and the Disease is very Acute but for the most part 't is not so proper as sudorifics nor so effectual a preventer of suppuration When 't is put in Practice 't will be of use to distinguish an ascending Pleurisy from the descending in the former we Bleed for Revulsion in the Leg and for Aversion in the Arm In the latter for Revulsion in the Arm and for Aversion in the Arm of the opposit side However we ought to draw forth but a small Quantity at one time and repeat the operation after short intervals 2. Purges and Vomits are improper either in Pleurisies or Inflammations of the Lungs The former are apt to cause a Looseness and retard the Concoction of the Spittings The latter draws humors to the Breast and so cannot choose but be pernicious unless the Original of the evil lye in the Stomac or the Inflammation be degenerat
handful the Rinds of Beans an ounce Plantan Leaves a handful Boyl them in Water with a little lye adding two ounces of Turpentin dissolv'd in Hony to a pound of the strain'd Decoction and in desperat Cases the Ointment Aegyptiacum Mix and inject it with a Syringe for cleansing the Ulcer Take of Ladies Mantle and Tops of St. John's wort of each a handful Marshmallow-roots half an ounce boil them in Lime-water adding to ten ounces of the strain'd Liquor one ounce of the Syrup of Comfry and three or four drams of the vulnerary Essence Mix for injection in order to consolidat Bathing in hot Baths and drinking Spaw Waters are much approv'd both for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Bladder ART 8. Of a Phrenzy or Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain THE Inflammation of the Membranes and some part of the substance of the Brain was call'd by the Ancients Sphacelus as that of the Midriff was call'd Phrenitis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diaphragma and indeed all derivative Words ending in tis signifi'd the Inflammation of the Part whose Name they 're deriv'd from as Pleuritis Hepatitis Nephritis c. However that we may not depart from the customary manner of speaking we shall treat of the Inflammations of the Brain under the name of Phrenitides or Phrensies Their Symptoms are a visible beating in the Carotid Arteries and an unsufferable tearing Pain in the Head obliging the sick Person to throw toss and as it were beat his Head and furiously pull at the Hair They are attended by doating and are apt to degenerat into fatal Gangrenes at which time Convulsions prostration of Strength and a sort of a Lethargy insue Their Urine is pale crude and white and if their Stools be also white if the Teeth gnash the Nose drop and the Person tremble shake and pick at the Bed-Cloaths 't is a desperate case Sometimes Phrenetic Persons are only molested with frightening Dreams and a timorous inward doating without any noise which is a worse Symptom than open fury loud out-cries and violent tossings of the Limbs A Phrensie is distinguish'd from a simple Delirium by the unrelenting vehemence of the Feaver and Head-ache and a difficulty of breathing Sometimes but very rarely a Phrensie terminates in critical Sweats Bleeding at Nose Loosenesses c. Sometimes it becomes an incurable Imposthume in the Brain A true Phrensie for the most part is incurable however its Cure is attempted by Bleeding Vomits Clysters and Diaphoretics Of which more in the Second Book ART 9. Of the Genuin and Spurious Inflammations of the Eyes A Genuin Inflammation of the Eyes is either Sanguine or Serous The former is call'd Ophthalmia the latter Epiphora or Lippitudo An Ophthalmia is an Inflammation of the Tunicles of the Eye especially the Conjunctive which by reason of their Derivation from and being of a piece with the Membranes of the Brains are apt to communicate their disorder to the Brain as on the contrary the disorders of the Brain are frequently display'd in the Eyes The External Cause is whatever provokes the Fibres to Contraction and consequently obliges the Blood to stagnate in the small Arteries which are very plentiful in the Coats of the Eyes as the sharp effluviums of the Air Dust steams of Metals c. The internal cause is the suppression of any evacuation of Blood or the retention of a sharp Acid in the Body as after the Small Pox or when the running of the Ears customary to Children ceases Sometimes an Inflammation proceeding from the Effluvium's of the Air is epidemical and sometimes catching The Symptoms of an Ophthalmia are the Heat Tumor Redness Pain and watriness of the Eyes In its highest pitch the Eye-lids are likewise inflam'd and unable to shut and the White of the Eye is swell'd up above the adjacent Surface with a sort of Chink betwixt ' em If the stagnating Blood proceed from the outer Vessels we observe a Pain Tumor and beating in the Temples if from the internal Membranes and Vessels the Pain is more vehement and lies deep the Palat and Nostrils itch and the Person is apt to sneese often As for the Epiphora and blear'dness of the Eyes the former is a destillation of a Cold or Hot Rheum from the Glandules in the corners of the Eyes the latter from the Glandules of the Eye-lids in conjunction with those of the Eyes Their Causes are 1. The Laxity of the Glandules as in Old Persons and in malignant Distempers when the Animal Spirits are almost extinguish'd or when the Caruncle that shuts them is Corroded or Cut. In this case the Eyes are apt to be red for that the Blood Vessels swell when the Glandules are so often emptied 2. The irritation of the Eye and its Glandules by sharp effluviums from the Air Pepper Onions Garlic c. This Cause is at the same time apt to cause an Ophthalmia 3. The sharpness and acidity of the Lymph which tickles provokes and corrodes the Glandules The Corrosion is frequently follow'd by a roughness and that by a thickness and intransparency and consequently a total blindness The Remote Causes are whatever is apt to occasion Catarrhs All these Inflammations whether Sanguin or Serous are attended by a warriness or running of a Humour that is either sharp saltish corrosive and apt to gaul the Cheeks or insipid slimy thick and apt to make the Eye-lids stick together The former is call'd a hot Catarrh the latter a cold one The various Condition of this Catarrh presents us with four observable Periods in an Inflammation The First is call'd the Beginning viz. When the Humor is thin and plentiful The Second the Increase when the Pain grows and the Humor thickens The Third the Height when the Humor is concocted and makes the Eye-lids stick together The Fourth The Declension when all the Symptoms relent But withal we ought to remember that this Humor is sometimes the Effect and not the Cause of the Disease as in the case of external irritation for which Astringents are proper tho' noxious in other Cases A spurious Inflammation is distinguish'd from the Genuin by its comparative dryness and admits of three Degrees 1. When the Eyes itch and void a small quantity of a saltish Rheum 2. When the Eyes are red swollen heavy and molested with a gentle Pain and Itching without any flux of Matter 3. When the Eye-lids are hard and rough without itching or running The Inflammations of the Eyes proceeding from the Disorders of the Membranes of the Brain are very dangerous If the Pain continue long 't is an ill sign If the Inflammation be very tedious or apt to relapse it threatens a thickness of the Membranes or Webs Scars and loss of Eye-sight If it tend to suppuration it threatens a Gangrene which if the Eye be not quickly extirpated is apt to invade the Brain the consequence of which is certain Death A dry or spurious Inflammation is tedious but not so dangerous as
bottom of a Kettle and mix'd with the Powder of the Blood that runs from the Nostrils the French Styptic Liquor or a solution of Allum and Vitriol of Steel in Plantan-Water and above all the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine The Gums are also very liable to Bleedings occasion'd by the laxity of their Substance or the Corrosion of sharp scorbutical spittle or the drawing of a Tooth or by the general Causes of other bleedings If their bleeding be periodical customary or critical it ought not to be stop'd If it be caus'd by the drawing of a Tooth apply the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol with Cotton and gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Tormentil and Snakeweed-roots with Galls and White Poppy-seeds in Water mixing it with Bole-Armenic Allum and a little Vinegar Sometimes the Spirit of Salt mix'd with Water is useful for washing the Mouth But when every other thing proves ineffectual an actual Cautery is the surest Remedy Scorbutical Bleedings are accounted for elsewhere ART 2. Of a spitting of Blood THE Blood that is evacuated by spitting may either proceed from the Stomac of which elsewhere or from the Palat Nostrils and Gums as was related in the last Article or from the Organs of Respiration viz. the Wind-pipe Bronchia or Lungs in which case the Disease is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemoptysis or a spitting of Blood and is the subject of this Paragraph The general Causes are already accounted for The particular Causes are 1. The Rupture of some Vessel in the Breast occasion'd by a redundancy of Blood suppression of the Terms or Piles violent Crying bearing heavy Burdens Falls Blows vehement Coughing or immoderat Laughter 2. The Corrosion of the Vessels in the Breast especially in the Lungs occasion'd by the Inspiration of Mineral Sulphureous steams or by a sharp Lymph reigning in the Body as in the small Pox or when a sordid Ulcer is unseasonably dry'd To these we may add the accidental swallowing of Leeches and immoderat Bathing A Spitting of Blood is of it self manifest But to trace out the part from whence it proceeds is a piece of Difficulty For this end the Physician ought to weigh the antecedent Causes such as excessive Crying Falls Bruises of the Breast and violent Coughs which generally arraign the Lungs while other Causes are apt to affect other parts Besides the Circumstances attending the Evacuation will give some further light into the Matter as if the Blood be clotty if it be voided without Coughing or much Hauking and that in small quantities then it proceeds from the Palat Gums Throat c. and not from the Breast If it be copiously voided with a Cough that not only accompanies but precedes the evacuation and makes a hollow Noise then it comes from the Wind-pipe or Lungs and if the respiration be difficult if the Blood be florid thin and frothy as being rarify'd by the Air and if a pain beset the lower part of the Breast it certainly takes its rise from the Lungs If the Blood be black clotty and thick and voided with a Cough and hollow Noise it springs from the Veins in the Cavity of the Breast As for the Prognostic A Spitting of Blood from the Lungs is most dangerous and apt to degenerat into a Phthisic or Ulcer of the Lungs especially if it took its rise from the Corrosion of a sharp Humor If it be only a Symptom of another Disease as of a Pleurisie Peripneumonia c. it is not so dangerous as when it stands upon its own Legs If a Spitting of Blood occasion'd by a suppression of wonted evacuations or by the Turgescence of Blood be unseasonably stop'd it degenerats into a Peripneumonia or Consumption The Cure is perform'd in the Paroxysm by removing the cause appeasing and thickening the Blood and repairing the losses of the Vessels out of the Paroxysm the clotty Blood remaining in the Breast ought to be discuss'd and the Lungs strengthen'd Now in order to answer these Indications let 's mind the following Rules 1. When a Spitting of Blood is caus'd by the Corrosion of sharp humors Blood-letting is improper in some other cases it may be serviceable but regard must still be had to the Rules of Revulsion and Aversion as if it proceed from the suppression of the Piles or Terms a Vein must be open'd in the Leg When it arises from the suppression of a customary Bleeding at Nose the vein of the Fore-head or that under the Tongue is the proper place 2. Purgatives are highly pernicious But Diuretics and Diaphoretics are very useful 3. Internal Astringents ought not to be us'd before the Blood be turn'd off for fear of imprisoning the Blood in the Breast and so causing a Suffocation or Peripneumonia 4. All external Astringents and cold things applied to the Breast are more apt to enflame than mitigat the Disease 5. Opiats are always safe and useful but such of 'em as are very hot as Venice Treacle Mithridat c. are not so proper as Laudanum Opiatum and especially Henbane Seeds which are unanimously approv'd both by the ancient and modern Writers Hence an Electuary of Henbane and white Poppy Seeds with Coral Blood-stone and the stale Conserve of Roses is of excellent use However the safest way is to give but a small quantity of Henbane Seeds at a time and repeat the Doses oftner because they are very Narcotic and apt to cause Madness 6. In all Compositions we ought still to have an Eye upon the corrosive sharpness of the Humors for tempering which we use the same Medicines as were recommended against Bleedings in general especially Plantan Purslain and Comfrey their Decoctions Juices and Syrups for their Waters have no astringent force The Decoction Syrup and Conserve of Ground Ivy a noble Pectoral the Juice of Nettles the stale Conserve of red Roses Diascordium the Troches of Amber which at once temper sharp humors dissolve clotty Blood and stop its Flux The Oyl of Linseed given by Spoonfuls the Oyl of Vitriol when there 's no apprehension of a Phthisic the Juice express'd from Quinces boyl'd in Water till they be soft given to two or three Spoonfuls three or four times a Day the Decoction it self being mix'd with that of Barly or Corants for ordinary Drinking Mice Dung given to a dram twice a Day with the Juice of Plantan and Sugar the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Bloodstone the Antiphthisical Tincture Mynsichtius's Species Diaplantaginis c. 7. When the Paroxysm is over we ought to add dissolving and expectorating Medicines such as Sperma Ceti Diaphoretic Antimony Crabs Eyes with Vinegar Oyl of Amber Oxymel of Squills c. 8. In the last place the Lungs ought to be fortify'd by Vulnerary Balmy Medicines As for external Applications some apply a dry'd Toad under the Arm-pits some trust to the Sympathetic Powder of Vitriol and others choose to wet or wash the Testicles with Rose Vinegar and that with good success Take of the Conserve
into a round uniform Globe and are call'd Conglobatae some into a Cluster call'd Conglomeratae The former convey their Juice thro' Lymphatic Vessels into the left axillary Vein where it dilutes and prepares the Chyle for an easie union with the Blood and likewise promotes the fermentation of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs as being of a volatil Spirituous Nature The latter throw their Juice into some noted Cavity as the Spittle into the Mouth the Juice of the Sweat-bread into the Guts c. These Juices as separated or suck'd from the Blood partake of acidity which is temper'd by the Animal Spirits repairing to the Glandules they being condensated and incorporated with the Liquor The Separation of this Liquor is frequently disturb'd by the Obstructions of the Glandules of which else where ART I. Of Catarrhs A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of Lymph from the Conglamerated Glandules into some noted Cavity of the Body especially the Throat Breast and Head where these Glandules are very plentiful and their Lymph is most liable to alterations from the Air. A Catarrh therefore proceeds from the Constriction of the Fibres of the Glandules occasion'd by some provoking Causes These Causes are either External or Internal The former are the malignity of the Air in Epidemical Catarrhs sharp Steams and external Cold contracting the Fibres hindring a free Transpiration and so occasioning the redundancy stagnation and provoking sharpness of the Lymph The internal Causes are the sharpness or Acrimony of the Blood and consequently the Lymph occasion'd by an imperfect Digestion in the Stomac Scorbutical Salts c. Or the occasional Corruption of the Peculiar Nutritious Juice of the Glandules which being deprav'd sticks to their sides and provokes 'em to Contractions This degeneracy of their Juice arises from external injuries or whatever internal Cause is apt to weaken or exhaust their innate Spirit When the Fibres or innate Spirits of the Part are weaken'd the Catarrh is Habitual and apt to relapse in other Cases 't is only Accidental and generally take its rise from external Occasions When a Catarrh begins 't is Thin and Sharp as being the pure Lymph without mixture but afterwards by its continued Flux it depraves the nutritive Juice of the Glandules which mixes with it and renders it Thick and Temperat When the Lymph is very Corosive and Sharp 't is usually call'd a Hot Rheum when 't is Thick and Slimy 't is entitled Cold. There is yet a Spurious sort of Catarrh near ally'd to this above-mention'd viz. The Stagnation of the serous part of the Blood in any parts either before or after its conversion into Lymph as when Nocturnal Cold or the Diminution of the ordinary transpiration causes pain in the Limbs This is not properly a Catarrh but a stagnation of Serum or Lymph caus'd by the Constriction of the Fibres of the part in which 't is lodg'd Thus the Tooth-ach Scorbutic pains in the Limbs Bastard Pleurisies c. are of the same kind The Causes from which they take their rise are much the same as those of the Genuin Catarrh Sometimes the true Catarrh causes Feavers which are particularly accounted for in the Section of Feavers An imminent Catarrh is usher'd in by a weariness of the Joynts heaviness of the Head dullness of the Senses and Froth making a circle in the Urine If the Lymph be thin and sharp 't is mostly voided in the Night time and a slow Feaver increasing towards the Evening accompanies it if it be thick and slimy 't is equally troublesom at all times but the Symptoms are more remiss If a Catarrh recur frequently in the same part or if the part be influenc'd by the alterations of the Weather 't is a sign that the nutritive Juice of the Glandule is deprav'd and its innate Spirit weaken'd If it be caus'd by the Crudites or imperfect Digestion of the Stomac it distinguishes it self by frequent relapses either in the same or different parts by the Person 's propensity to spit and sweat much and the thinness and paleness of the Urine Catarrhs in the Breast or Wind-pipe are apt to cause a Cough or Phthisic In old Persons they 're scarce curable by reason of the weakness of their Digestive faculty the natural Laxity of their Glandules flatness of their Spirits and Acrimony of the Serum A Catarrh in the Glandules of the Brain is apt to cause Palsies Lethargies and such like disorders of the Spirits That from the Nose and Mouth is least dangerous especially if the Matter come quickly to Concoction As to the Cure let the following Cautions be minded 1. The best Evacuaters are Diuretics and volatil Sudorifics When the Stomac is faulty Vomits and Purges are proper but not in other Cases 2. Chronical or Habitual Catarrhs proceeding from the Acrimony of the Serum as in old and Scorbutical Persons are influenc'd by the Moon and therefore Preservatives ought always to exhibited before the new Moon 3. Opiats are of excellent use especially in the beginning of a Catarrh arising from external Causes They ought always to be mix'd with volatil Salts and proper Specifics Towards the height of the Disease or in epidemical and critical Catarrhs they must be cautiously us'd 4. Issues and Blistering Plaisters are of use for draining the Lymph or relieving a particular part but they cannot remove its Cause Therefore in scorbutical Cases or when the Evil is inveterat and scarce curable à Priori we must insist on such a palliative Cure being directed thereto by nature which frequently throws out the Lymph by Ulcers in the Legs 5. Bleeding is not proper But in some particular Cases as when the Body is very Plethoric or Blood suppress'd in the Body or when the Catarrh falls upon a noble part 't is allowable These Cautions being premis'd let 's now Consider the Indications As 1. The Activity of the Cause and sense of the Part ought to be impair'd by Opiats 2. The quantity of the Lymph must be lessen'd its vicious quality corrected and the solid part cleans'd by volatil Sudorifics 3 The Stomac must be strengthen'd its due digestion retriev'd and the solid part fortify'd by balmy Aromatics The specifics proper for these purposes are Mother of Thyme Rose-mary Avens-roots Juniper-berries and all Aromatics Sassafras especially its Tincture prepar'd with the spirit of wild Thyme Amber and all it preductions especially the succinated spirit of Harts-horn Myrrh Sulphur or its Flowers Mastic-wood and Sperma Ceti From such Ingredients we make several Prescriptions such as the Decoctions of Woods the infusion of Aromatic and Stomachical Herbs in Wine an Electuary of the Rob of Juniper-berries mix'd with Spices c. The Cure of sharp and thick Humors vary's as that of dry and wet Coughs In scorbutical Cases we always add some preparation from the Pine-tree When we exhibit Purgatives we mix 'em with the Specifics as in Crato's Pills of Amber Jalap sweet Mercury and in inveterat Cases Hellebor are recommended
Diseases if the Urine remain crude and the Person is seiz'd with a Deafness it portends Doating If it be accompany'd with the signs of Concoction it signifies the Solution of the Disease If attended by a Perturbation of the Eyes a Heaviness in the Head and a Distention of the lower Belly it bespeaks a Bleeding at the Nose especially if the Patient be apt to rub it A Deafness succeeding to Doating is a better Circumstance than if it went before As for the Cure In acute Diseases it disappears upon the Solution of the Disease or if it continue longer is cur'd by Cupping behind the Ears or smoaking Tobacco or putting into the Ears a little Cotton dip'd in Aqua Anhaltina If it subsist by it self without any dependance upon other Distempers the Cure must be accommodated to the Cause that produces it If it arise from an Obstruction in the Passage occasion'd by the hardening of the Earwax or otherwise 't is cur'd by injecting the Juice or Essence of Wormwood or Child's Urine or the Spirit of Urine unrectify'd If it proceed from other internal Causes a tender regard must be had to the Drum and the hearing Nerve by preserving their due Order with Aromatic and Nervous Medicines In a Catarrhous case give internally what follows Take of the Essence of Rosemary Flowers of Saint John's Wort and of Sassafras of each two Drams mix c. Amber given inwardly or apply'd to the Ear in a little Cotton is an admirable Medicine for old People Mosch or Civet or Balsam of Peru diluted with Spirit of Wine or Origanum Water distill'd with Wine or the Water of Carduus Benedictus rectify'd by frequent Cohobation are all us'd externally the same way If Deafness be attended by a remarkable Heat in the Ears the Water that drops from one end of a piece of Ash-wood while t'other is put into the Fire or the Water of Ants or the Water distill'd from Flies or Magpy Water with Castor or the Juice of Radishes or of Onions mix'd with Oil of Amber and Oil of Bitter Almonds are all applauded Remedies and are to be us'd with Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Above all the penetrating Aromatics as Spirit of Treacle Essence of Wormwood and of Cloves c. are preferable Human Gall or the Galls of other Animals infus'd in Spirit of Wine are much commended Or Take of Ox's Gall and Spanish Wine of each equal Quantities distil from them a Liquor to be drop'd into the Ear or applied in Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Take of the Roots of black Hellebor half a Dram Roots of Aromatic Calamus two Scruples Pulp of Coloquintida a Scruple Bay Berries a Dram Cumin Seeds from two Scruples to two Drams and a half Cut and beat them small and infuse them in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine and use the strain'd Liquor as above or sharpen it with Essence of Amber All Preparations from Ants are of wonderful use in this case As Take of the Eggs of Ants one Ounce and six Galls of Hares beat them up with a double Quantity of Hony and then drop it into the Ear. Or Take twenty of the little white Worms that are found betwixt the Bark and Wood of an Oak-tree Let them boil in two Ounces and a half of the Oil of unripe Olives Then take the Root of Sowbread and cut it hollow Fill the hollow space with the Oil of these Worms and add of prepar'd Pellitory Roots and of the Roots of Aromatic Costus from half a Scruple to a Scruple Oil of Costus or of Rue as much as it can hold Close up the Root and roast it under the Ashes then bruise it in a Mortar and with force express the Juice and pour some Drops of it into the Ear every day for ten ays together Timaeus and Heertodius recommend it for an incomparable Remedy The Fat of Serpents or of Vipers or the Fat that drops from roasted Eels are proper in this case and may be mix'd with the Oil of Amber or Aniseeds Some commend a Fumigation of the Ears from a mixture of Sal Armoniac Oil of Tartar per Deliquium and a double quantity of Quicklime with common Water After the application of these external Remedies the Ear ought always to be stop'd with Cotton and Amber or Musk upon it and the Patient must lie upon the sound Ear that so the Virtue of the Medicines may penetrat the more Besides 't is to be remark'd that oily viscid Medicines are not so mild as those of a thin spirituous Substance and that they ought never to be applied till the Ear be purg'd and wip'd clean All Medicines thus applied must be just luke-warm and two or three Drops may always suffice for one time If Deafness come by Fits or depend upon a Catarrhous Disposition of the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxism 't is proper to apply to the Crown of the Head a Cloth dip'd in Apoplectic Spirits or Oils If it be occasion'd by a vehement Noise 't is not amiss to apply hot Bread from the Oven with Juniper and Bay-Berries baken into it Or Take of the Herbs Marjoram Sage Rosemary and the Flowers of red Roses of each half a handful Juniper Berries one Ounce Cumin Seeds half an Ounce chop and beat them small and stitch them into a Bag to be applied hot or wet with a convenient Vehicle A Fumigation receiv'd at the Ear from a Decoction of Filings of Steel with distill'd Vinegar and Cephalic Herbs or from the Flowers of Sulphur is much esteem'd After the Fumigation is over apply to the Ear distill'd Oil of Fennel with Cotton In Chronical or Catarrhous Cases the hot Baths are very proper both for Bathing and Pumping upon the Head An Issue cut in the Arm of the same side with the affected Ear is likewise very useful on this occasion If Deafness be caus'd by a Fall Contusion or external Violence distill'd Soubread Water is a proper Remedy and a Plaister made of equal Quantities of Tacamahac and Cerecloth of Betony may be applied to the Head shav'd Hot Urine taken from a hunted Hare is commended by some If any Obstruction or such like cause give rise to a Deafness 't is probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be useful But 't is a desperate Cure and must be cautiously undertaken Thus I 've dispatch'd the first Branch of the Disorders of the Ear the next is when the Sense of Hearing remains and the Patient is molested with a tingling or noise in his Ears It proceeds from a preternatural Motion of the internal Air contain'd in the Cavity of the Ear which affects the Fibres of the Drum and so represents an imaginary Sound This Motion may be occasion'd by subtil foreign Fumes exhal'd from the Blood in the adjacent Arteries which disturb the Repose of the internal Air or by the Irritation or violent misplacing of the Drum from any internal or external Cause Convulsions of this Membran may be occasion'd by
Mesentery Arthritic melancholy and cholic Fits Pains of Childbirth c. When a Convulsion proceeds from any inferior part it resembles the Motion of a cold Vapor rising from the part towards the Brain But there is neither space for that Vapor to move in nor a sufficient force to put it in Motion Therefore 't is a false Imagination and ought to be rectified The plain case stands thus The Part being irritated by the offending Cause the Spirits repair in a disorderly manner into it and contract the Fibres these Spirits are follow'd by large Numbers of others that not finding room in the contracted part rebound this Convulsion is continued to the Original of the Nerve and creates a Disorder in the Brain which affects all the other Nerves and produces the universal Epilepsy So the gradual Contraction of the Part and the disorderly Incursions of the Spirits create a Sense not unlike to that of ascending Vapors and occasion the vulgar Error These imaginary Vapors are generally attended by a sense of Cold by reason that the Spirits have not a free admission into the contracted part Convulsions differ from Trembling in this that the former invade the part when resting whereas the other follows only upon attempting some voluntary motion In a Palsy the Part affected may be mov'd or extended without Pain but in a Convulsion it cannot In Swoonings or sleepy Diseases the Pulse is weak and low and the Fits observe no regular Periods nor are they easily carried off but in the first degree of an Epilepsy tho it resemble swooning the Pulse is strong and frequent and the Fit returning at set times is easily cured In acute burning Feavers Convulsions are foretold from a tingling in the Ears heaviness of the Head dulness of the Senses panting of the Heart Flashings of Light and strange Colors appearing before the Eyes If in the beginning of the Disease the Balls of the Eyes are seiz'd with Pain without any Inflammation or if the sick Person attempt as it were to catch Flies it betokens a Delirium and Convulsions But if he begin to pick at the Bedclothes or be sensible of the Contraction or twitching of any Member or of the seeming Ascent of Vapors to the Head the Convulsion is just at hand If the Patient dote and be uncapable to give an account of these Symptoms the Physician may put his hand to the Wrists or tendinous Parts and if he observe that the Tendons start or quaver 't is a sign of fatal Convulsions An Epilepsy may be also prophesy'd in other cases from frequent Swimmings of the Head and Nightmares If an Epilepsy proceed from Convulsions of the internal Membrans it discovers it self by a murmuring Noise in the Guts Swellings or Contractions or Hardness of the Belly drawing the Navel inwards violent throws in the Guts Pains in the Loins a Distention and Contraction of the Breast difficulty of Breathing an apprehension of being stifled c. If it be essential it surprises the Person without any preceding signs or sense of Pain but a symptomatical Epilepsy is usher'd in by the aching of some affected part and the apprehension of Vapors transmitted from thence to the Brain The Prognostics are variable according to the Circumstances of the Patient If an Epilepsy commence after the twenty fifth year of the Persons Age if it succeed Iliac Pains acute Feavers immoderat Watchings excessive loss of Blood over-violent Purging or the use of Hellebor if the Fits return frequently and the Lips Tongue Eyelids or Breast be much affected if the Disease be hereditary essential and inveterat if the Patient do's not sneeze after using Medicines for that purpose In all these cases there 's a great deal of danger If a Woman with Child be seiz'd with Convulsions they threaten Miscarriage If it commence from the Infancy or before the state of Manhood 't is curable If it return frequently it renders the Person stupid or delirious If a Chronical Epilepsy be follow'd by an unmalignant Feaver 't is a good Omen The Cure of Convulsions and the Falling Sickness of Children is accounted for elsewhere As for adult Persons the Physician must heedfully inform himself if the Cause be external or internal if the Disease be essential or symptomatical and if symptomatical in what particular Member the source of the Distemper lies And withal let him carefully observe the following Remarks which do not relate to the Paroxysm but the general method of Cure 1. That Chronical Convulsions arising from internal Causes do generally invade Hypochrondiac and Scorbutic Persons and are owing to a vicious Acid which for the most part is bred in the first Passages Therefore Evacuations and the use of testaceous Alcalin Pouders Spanish Soap boil'd in Milk and Chalybeat Medicines are recommended 2. That if the Disease arise from any particular Member the Medicines which properly regard that part ought to be join'd with Specifics but not exhibited till after the general Evacuations 3. That Antimonial Vomits are sovereign Medicines if the Disease proceed from the internal Parts They ought to be given every Month four days before the Full-moon 4. That all purging Medicines ought to be of the milder sort and mix'd with sweet Mercury thrice sublimated and exhibited before the Changes of the Moon 5. That if the source of the Disease be lodg'd in the Humors of the Body the Decoctions of the sudorific Woods together with proper Specifics are given with good Success after the first Passages are sufficiently cleans'd 6. That in a desperat case a Salivation with Mercury may be attempted 7. That sneezing Medicines ought to be us'd every Morning As for example Take of the Leaves of Marjoram and Rue of each two Drams Flowers of the Lilly Convally a Dram white Hellebor and Castor of each half a Dram. Make a Pouder 8. That if the Distemper proceed from the Disorders of any external part 't is proper to place a Ligature betwixt it and the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxysm Issues Caustics applied to the part especially in the puncture of a Nerve and opening the Scull with a Trepandiron are of good use 9. That if the Falling Sickness be attended by a Suppression of any wonted Evacuation of Blood 't is fit to open the Hemorrhoid Vein or a Vein in the Arm or in the Ancle of Women with Child or apply Leeches to the inside of the Womb when an Epilepsy follows Delivery 10. That Opiats ought not to be given before the general Evacuations nor too frequently repeated left they promote a Stupidity which generally insues Chronical Epilepsies They may serve to prevent and mitigate a fierce Paroxysm They ought to be mix'd with Specifics and Camphyr and given before the Invasion of the Fit The Temples Nostrils and Wrists may be anointed at the same time with Oil of Boxwood which has a peculiar Anodyn Virtue 11. That the Disorders of the Brain and Animal Spirits ought to be redress'd by the use of
from the sense of Thirst a proneness to rub and toss the Head and pull up the Hairs When the Inflammation relents it tends to a Gangrene which occasions Convulsions Lethargies and a total inactivity A true Phrensy proceeding from the Inflammation of the Brain is very dangerous If it increase after sleeping if it be serious and fierce if a clammy cold Sweat drop from the Head while the Body is unconcern'd if it be attended by a difficult Respiration immoderat Watching Headaches notable Weakness a ghastly Countenance an invincible Forgetfulness a Hiccough gnashing of the Teeth trembling of the Tongue and Hands and involuntary voiding of Excrements if the Person he speechless apt to gather up or pick the Bed-cloaths or become lethargic if the Nostrils drop and the Urine be not tinctur'd All these Symptoms portend Death A Paraphrenitis proceeding only from the Heat and Effervescency of the Blood and Spirits is more tolerable A Symptornatical Phrensy is a proper Subject of Cure but a Critical one ought not to be meddled with It is follow'd for the most part by bleeding at the Nose and is distinguish'd by the following Symptoms The Urine affords signs of Concoction the Pulse is unequal but strong and large the Eyes sparkle a murmuring Noise disturbs the Ears the Nostrils itch the Face is red and the lower Belly softly distended Sometimes 't is usher'd in by a sudden Headache or the sick Person is young and apt to bleed at the Nose If these Symptoms are wanting the Phrensy is symptomatical and ought to be cur'd by allaying the Heat and Turgency of the Blood and Spirits or removing the Stagnation In the first place let the Physician take care that he be not impos'd upon by drunken Persons whose Phrensies resemble those of Feavers In the next place if the phrentic Person be molested with Head-aches and immoderat Watchings Narcotic Medicines are very proper but ought to be cautiously administred for fear of exalting the Phrensy or converting it into a Lethargy In order to avoid such Consequences let us take notice of the following Cautions 1. That in acute hot Diseases Opiats ought to be prepar'd with Vinegar 2. That they ought not to be administred in the beginning or height of the Distemper but only during its increase 3. That when the Person is very weak they should be omitted 4. They ought still to be mix'd with Bezoardic Diaphoretic Pouders Blood-letting is always convenient unless the Feaver be very malign and ought to be liberally perform'd and in the following manner 1. Let a Vein in the Hams be first open'd then in the Arm and afterwards in the Forehead Incase of a particular Suppression of Blood in the lower Region let the Vein in the Ancle be first open'd Instead of breathing the Vein in the Forehead some recommend the Application of scarify'd Cupping-glasses to the forepart of the Head 2. Let the Surgeon while the Vein is open lay his hand upon the Patient's Head and mind the beating of the Artery in order to adjust the quantity of Blood to be drawn forth and the strength of the Patient 3. Let the Orifice of the Vein be stop'd and open'd by turns by the Surgeon's Finger Thus the stagnating Blood is evacuated without impairing the strength of the Patient in so great a measure as otherwise As for external Applications all strong smelling things except Camphyr ought to be avoided Vinegar must be added but in small quantities because its sharpness hinders sleep A symptomatical Phrensy disappears upon the removal of the principal Disease Cooling and narcotic Medicines are its proper Cure to which Diaphoretic Febrifuga's are join'd according to the Degree and Circumstances of the Feaver Take of the Waters of Male Pimpernel Purslain and white Water-Lillies of each an Ounce and a half Syrup of Water-Lillies and Syrup of Poppies of each six Drams The Acid Mineral Spirits of Vitriol Salt Sulphur dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and dulcify'd Spirit of Salt are very useful against Phrensies Camphyr has a peculiar pacific Virtue If it be added to Opiats their Dose ought to be proportionably lessen'd As Take of the Conserve of red Poppy-flowers vitriolated half a Dram Langelot's Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Camphyr two Grains Mix c. Sugar of Lead prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre is a powerful Pacific The Decoction of the Flowers of Male Pimpernel in Water whetted with a little Rhenish Wine is of excellent use Take of the four great Cold-seeds of each a Dram and a half white Poppy-seeds three Drams With Purslain-water make an Emulsion To which add human Scull prepar'd without Fire half a Dram Bezoar Mineral a Scruple Syrup of Purslain half an Ounce Mix for use In a malignant Phrensy let the following Pouder be exhibited viz. Take of Cinnabar of Antimony twelve or fifteen Grains Lunar Bezoar six or eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain Camphyr two Grains Make a Pouder for two Doses to be exhibited in the Emulsion of white Poppy-seeds made with Pimpernel and Purslain Water Or Take of the Cephalic Specific Pouder a Scruple Sugar of Lead six Grains Camphyr two Grains Laudanum Opiatum a Grain and a half Acid Juleps are likewise very proper and if the Belly be constipated Tamarinds may be boil'd in ' em Externally let Cataplasms of Rue Chamomile Vervain Briony-roots and Soap or of Radishes Salt sharp Vinegar and Yest be applied to the soles of the Feet Or Take of the Juice of Houseleek new drawn six Drams sharp Wine Vinegar an Ounce and a half Nitre two Drams Camphyr half a Dram. Mix and apply to the Stones soles of the Feet and forepart of the Head When the Person sleeps it ought to be taken off the Head A Cataplasm of Houseleek Purslain and Roses may be applied to the Temples and Forehead The Pulp of a Gourd applied to the Head shav'd is commended by Bartholet Some set their Feet into an excavated Gourd and find benefit by it The Juice of live River-Crabs newly express'd is applied to the Forehead with wonderful success Or Take of Rose-water ten Ounces Opium a Dram Saffron half a Scruple Mix them and apply with a doubled Linen Cloth to the Forehead Take of the Water of Frogs Spaun six or eight Ounces fresh Juice of River-Crabs two three or four Ounces Opium dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Dram or two Scruples Camphyr and Saffron of each six eight or ten Grains Mix c. Or Take of the Juice of River-Crabs extracted with the Water of Frogs Spawn six Ounces Vinegar of Roses two Ounces Triacle of Andromachus two Drams Camphyr half a Scruple Saffron six Grains Mix and foment the Head and Temples Let the Liquor be lukewarm or somewhat cold Lindanus attributes much to the antient way of applying live Creatures cut up along the middle as a Dove a Cock c. to the Head shav'd But in the first beginning of a Phrensy they rather enforce it Oftimes the phrentic Persons thro inadvertency neglect to void their
undetermin'd In the latter the whole force and vigour of Thought is confin'd to one Object so that ofttimes the melancoly Persons are enabled to discourse and reason about it with much more accuracy than in their healthy state when other Objects claim a larger share in their Thoughts and cramp their Application to that one Oft-times the sick Person reasons calmly on any other Object beside that of his Melancoly by reason that the Spirits are not so keen and eager in pursuing the former The change of Air and Seasons or of any not natural thing sensibly alters the Crasis of the Blood and Spirits and consequently the nature of this Delirium either by quite extinguishing or heightning or depressing it or by removing it from one Object to another As Wine by altering the state of the Blood and Spirits first makes some Men cheerful then inspires 'em with a talkative Humour afterwards disposes 'em to Strife Anger Madness c. and last of all covers 'em with drousiness and sleep Melancoly being grounded on the Constitution of the Blood and Spirits becomes an inveterat Companion and ofttimes propagates it self by an hereditary Succession especially among Women who convey the Legacy to their Daughters that surely visits 'em when with Child or upon point of delivery if not at other times It is ofttimes cur'd by the Stratagem of cheating the Patient into a contrary Humour or Passion which if forcible and strong recals the Spirits from the Passages in which they deviate 'T is highly necessary to obviat Melancoly betimes before its Settlement Now a melancolic Disposition is usher'd in by these Signs The Person is troubled in sleep and haunted by aukward Dreams he becomes fullen and sorrowful and courts solitude he is pensive and apt to dwell long upon one thought and is timorous to a high degree If he begin to tell ridiculous Stories and withal is full of his own Wisdom the Delirium is at hand Let the Causes be diligently inquir'd after If it proceed from the Passions of the Mind the Pulse is low inconstant contracted ofttimes unequal and sometimes resembles the Motion of Emmets or Worms and when the Mind is unbended by chearfulness c. the Pulse is proportionably alter'd If Melancoly steal on by degrees without the influence of external Objects and be follow'd by wandring unfix'd Deliriums it proceeds from the Hypochondriac Distemper and is attended by the Palpitation of the Heart Anxiety of the Breast acid Belchings a murmuring noise in the Guts constipation of the Belly Wind an uneasy obscure Pain in the left side of the Abdomen with a Pulsation in the same place or in the Back a notable heat in the Forehead and wandring Inflammations over the Body If it proceed immediatly from the Depravation of the Blood it remits now and then the Patient is querulods and anxious oppress'd with Grief and Sorrow and a frequent Palpitation of the Heart If Melancoly be caus'd by Passions of the Mind or external Objects 't is much more easily cur'd than when it ows its Original to the internal Indisposition of the Blood and Spirits If it be follow'd by Doting recur frequently or claim a hereditary Privilege it accompanies the Person to the Grave If it be occasion'd by preceding Diseases as Feavers Phrensies c. a regular Diet carries it off It is more uncommon among Women than among Men yet the Cure of the former is more difficult especially if they be with Child or pass'd the season of their Terms If the Countenance be chearful If the Delirâ—ums begin to relent If the Urine exchange its thin Consistence for that which appears thick muddy and black If a Flux of the Emrods or Womb insue If a Sâ—ab and such like Eruptions beset the Skin we hope a Recovery If the Person be subject to uncouth Laughter or Crying immoderat Grief attended by a sort of Fury it tends to a Palsy or Apoplexy or Convulsions If he obstinatly decline eating or drinking or totally deprive himself of Sleep he posts to his Grave We are now arriv'd at the Method of Cure which consists in rectifying the Blood and Spirits by proper Correctives and reducing the Animal to orderly Motions The following Remarks are worthy our observation upon this matter 1. The remote Cause must be taken off either by moral Perswasions or deceiving the Person with some cunning Stratagem so as to bring him off the melancolic Fancy If the Cause be internal as suppression of the Terms the hypocondriac Disease c. it must be particularly taken care of In geneneral the hypocondriac Specifics and comforting Cephalic Medicines are always proper 2. Vomiting is an essential part of the Cure and ought to be frequently repeated 3. Let the Physician be very cautious in visiting the Patients alone for they hate the Person that pretends to cure 'em and retain the Odium even after they are cur'd 4. When the melancolic Fancy is deeply lodg'd within 'em they ought to be undeceiv'd by the means of some Stratagem or Trick 5. By all means the Belly must be kept open If it do not answer every day of it self let Clysters or lenitive Draughts provoke it 6. During the Solstices and Equinoxes the Person ought to ply proper Preservatives for fear of the Relapses which are wont to happen at those times 7. Blood-letting is improper excepting the Case of Suppressions Inflammations and Plethora's or where Madness is fear'd Willis fancies that when the old unactive Blood is drawn forth it gives occasion to the Generation of new spirituous Blood but he should have remembred that 't is Blood that begets Blood and that by Blood letting Stupidity and dull Folly is promoted Trepanations Issues and blistering Plaisters are sometimes us'd with Success 8. In the beginning of the Disease Purgatives may succeed to Vomits but in the progress of the Distemper they are very improper Dieuretics are incomparable Medicines for this Disease Melancolic People naturally void large quantities of Urine and its deep Tincture muddiness or blackness betokens the declension of the Distemper 10. The Hypochondria must be particularly taken care of in all sorts of Melancolies 11. By all means let Sleep be promoted by moist temperat Food c. 12. Opiats ought not to be exhibited alone nor before the Acid in the Stomac be remov'd by the universal Evacuations They ought to be mix'd with Specific and moistening Ingredients Externally Anodyn Fomentations for the Head Washes for the Feet c. are very proper 13. Their Diet must be very regular Their Food nourishing moist and temperat as Milk Raisins Apples c. A Glass of generous Wine is very proper now and then a moderat Exercise and the regular Evacuation of Excrements ought to be heedfully procur'd Now of the Medicines answering the foresaid intentions Antimony is the chief both in its vomiting and purgative Capacity but especially the former This and all other Emetics must be given in very large Doses tho it is proper to
and outlives the latter Date This Flux is call'd the Terms or Courses and returns duly once a Month in some a few days sooner and in others so much later only Child-bearing Women and sometimes such as give suck are not liable to it It is caus'd by an extraordinary Fermentation and Rarefaction of the Mass of Blood occasion'd by a peculiar fermentative Power of the Glands of the Womb whence being incapable to be contain'd within its ordinary bounds it breaks forth at the Arteries of the Vagina till by lessening the quantity the Fermentation ceases in the space of three or four days till the next period This monthly Purgation is disorder'd in the way of desiciency increase or depravation CHAP. I. Of the Deficiency of the Terms THis is commonly but improperly call'd a Suppression of the Terms and is occasion'd either by a Default of the Blood or of the Womb and Vessels through which it flows The Default of the Blood is its grosness toughness and fix'd acidity proceeding from the Disorder of the Stomac whereby it becomes unfit for a due fermentative Expansion Sometimes the Vessels of the Vagina are obstructed by a viscid Phlegm and sometimes the sides of the Vagina being exulcerated or otherwise hurt grow together in which cases the wonted Flux is deficient The remoter Causes are Cold whereby the Blood is coagulated Food of difficult Digestion use of Acids and finally such Affections of the Mind as naturally cool and thicken the Blood such as sudden Frights Sadness Grief and the like If this Disease is from the Blood the stretching Pains of the Loins beating of the Arteries of the Loins and of these about the Os sacrum the ordinary Forerunners of this Flux are not found the Urine is crude the Belly Costive hypochondiac Symptoms prevail and in time no stated periodical Alteration of Body is to be perceiv'd But if from the Womb and its obstructed Vessels the Symptoms absent in the former case are present here and that in a higher degree with weariness of the Joints pricking Pains of the Loins Blood issuing from other parts of the Body and that at such times as the Courses used to flow But the greatest Difficulty is to distinguish this preternatural State from the natural Suppression of the Terms by impregnation which are accompanied with almost the same Symptoms However we may conclude that the Suppression is preternatural if the Patient grows still worse and worse with an universal Paleness covering the whole Body and decay of Appetite continuing beyond the third Month if there are continu'd Pains of the head unusual beatings of the Arteries especially in the Loins frequent Vicissitudes of heat and cold all over the Body difficulty of breathing especially on every slight Motion of the Body a frequent unequal obscure Pulse and finally if the Urine is either thinner Paler or higher colour'd than ordinary If this Suppression happens in the very time of the Flux the Cure is easy if timely and speedy but if the Suppression be of an earlier date it is more slowly and difficultly cured and oftentimes brings on divers other Diseases such as Cachexies Dropsies various Ulcers of the Parts Asthmas Disorders of the Stomac Melancoly c. and at length Death it self Black Urine in this Disease is a good sign In the cure of this Distemper we must endeavour 1. To rectify the Chylification of the Ventricle by Vomits and aromatic volatil Medicines 2. To amend the Crudity of the Blood by Chaly beat Medicines and volatil oily Aromatics 3. To remove that viscidity of the Humours which obstructs the Vessels of the Womb with Gums and in particular Gum Ammoniac as also Mercurials and chiefly Mercurius Dulcis and above all such Specifics as are known to excite the monthly Fermentation of the Blood But to be more particular 1. Specifics are never to be given when the Distemper is confirm'd before the Universal Evacuations 2. Before we provoke the Courses we ought to consider whether it be expedient for in such as are emaciated newly recovered from sickness or who have never had them it is not to be attempted 3. At such time only the Terms are to be mov'd as otherwise naturally they would have flowed of their own accord 4. Of universal Remedies the chief are such as evacuate whether upward or downward and next opening a Vein Vomits whether prepar'd from Antimony or Asarabecca given in the beginning of the Cure yea sometimes repeated are of excellent Virtue but Digestives must be premis'd As Take of Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum half a Dram Chachectic Crocus of Steel two Scruples with half a Scruple of Salt of Tartar Mix 'em and make a Pouder to be divided into two equal parts In the next place strong Purgatives may be given such as Coloquintida and black Hellebor of which together with Alteratives divers Compositions may be made up As Take Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar and thicken'd Extract of back Hellebor of each fifteen Grains of Castor and Extract of Saffron of each three Grains Troches Alhandal two or three Grains Make Pills with Oil of Turpentine or Amber Or Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera with Agaric and Mercurius dulcis rightly prepar'd of each fifteen Grains of the Extract of Troches Alhandal two or three Grains and make Pills with Essence of Castor Of these and such like let the Patient take a Dose every four or five days and in the Intervals let Bags of Alterative Aromatics be infus'd in Wine As Take Roots of Angelica and Lovage or Spignel of each an Ounce of Galangal half an Ounce Leaves of Rosemary Fever-few Savin of each a handful Bay-berries or fresh Juniper-berries an Ounce and a half Cinnamom three Drams Mace a Dram Saffron as much Salt of Tartar three Drams cut bruise and tie them in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine of which take a draught in the Morning fasting and two hours before Supper Or Take Leaves of Mugwort Pennyroyal and Rosemary of each a handful Roots of Angelica six Drams Cinnamon two Drams Saffron a Dram Cut bruise and tye them in a Bag to be infus'd in two Measures of Rhenish Wine wherein red hot Steel has been several times quench'd 5. The Body being thus prepared Bleeding will be very expedient unless the Patient have never yet had her Courses in which Case Bathings will suffice If the Terms do already flow but sparingly you may open the Saphaena in the Leg as also if there is reason to fear they will not come at their wonted time but if the Flux is at hand and you desire to facilitate it then you may open a Vein in the Arm. These Universals being premis'd we must proceed to correct the complexion of the Blood to which purpose Steel and Chalybeat Medicines are of great force such as all cachectic Pouders Earths Infusions and Extracts prepar'd from Steel yea crude Filings of Steel if the Stomach be strong Or Take Filings of Steel two Ounces with one
Ounce of Cinnamom infuse them in Wine whereof take a good draught Morning and Evening before Meals Spaw-waters drunk are very profitable Together with these you must use the volatil bitter Aromatics especially such as are also specific Movers of the Terms as well internal as external such as Rosemary Calamint Chervil Lovage Fever-few Lesser Centory Horehound Savine Wall-flowers Flowers of Marygold and Lavender Seeds abounding with a volatil Salt or of a sharp Aromatic Taste as those of Rocket Cresses Fennel Anise c. Juniper and Bay-beries Roots of Angelica Fennel Sea-holly Briony Madder round-rooted Birthwort Gentian Elecampane c. Also Mugwort Baum Gentian Cinnamom Cassia Lignea Galangal Nutmegs Cardamoms Myrrh and its Essence Elixir Proprietatis compound Tincture of Tartar all Preparations of Myrrh Gums Coloquintida Castor Saffron Milt of an Ox Borace alcalin Salts rather volatil than fix'd Also Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum c. Of which almost an infinity of Prescriptions may be made We shall single out only a few for example sake As Take four Ounces of Nutmegs and mix 'em well with twelve Ounces of fine Sugar and take the bigness of a Walnut Morning and Evening Or Take two Drams of Castor volatil Salt of Amber and Hartshorn of each a Dram infuse them in a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine diluted with Cinnamom-water in a warm place in a close Vessel till the Tincture is drawn of which give a Dram. Take Zwelfer's Tincture of Vitriol of Steel or its Solution with Spirit of Wine two Drams Essence of Castor and Saffron of each a Dram. Dose from forty to sixty Drops twice or thrice a day in some hot Liquor But withal let the Patient moderatly exercise her self Take Solution of Steel with Juice of Apples compound Essence of an Ox's Milt and that of Savine of each two Drams Or Take Essence of Castor two Drams Quintessence of Rosemary Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Amber of each one Dram. Or Take Borace a Dram Myrrh half a Dram Saffron fifteen Grains Make a Pouder for three Doses Or Take Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum four Scruples Castor half a Dram Myrrh a Scruple Saffron half a Scruple Make a Pouder for four Doses For a Vehicle to such Pouders take a Spoonful of this Mixture Take Mugwort-water two Ounces Cinnamom-water one Ounce Essence of an Ox's Milt three Drams Essence of Castor a Dram Syrup of Canel six Drams If the Suppression of the Terms be from the default of the Womb the obstructed Vessels are to be opened by volatil penetrating Medicines mix'd with Sudorifics Sometimes manual Operation is requir'd If by a sudden Cold or other such Cause the flowing Courses are stopp'd let Blood at the Saphaena and then let volatil oily Aromatics be given which with a soft breathing Sweat will restore the natural Motion of the Blood such are Spirit of Sal Armoniac and the volatil oily Salts Sperma Ceti may be given to a Dram with Castor in hot Ale also some fix'd Salt as that of Wormwood or Savine If a grievous Pain molest the Womb the Decoction of Chamomile with the other foremention'd Ingredients may be given inwardly and what remains after straining may be apply'd to the Groin in form of a Cataplasm But if from a sudden Fear Anger or such like the Flux is restrain'd first open a Vein in the Foot then give the Spirit of Sal Armoniac twice or thrice a day Or Take of the Decoction of Chamomile-flowers three Ounces to which add of simple Oxymel one or two Ounces To these internal Remedies externals may be added such as Fomentations Baths Tumigations c. They are us'd after opening a Vein in the Arm at what time the Courses are expected They are prepared of common emollient or proper Aromatic Ingredients such as Savine Feverfew Mugwort c. As Take Leaves of Mugwort Pennvroal Wild-time of each two handfuls Savine Flowers of Chamomile white Lillies of each a handful Roots of Marshmallows round-rooted Birthwort Madder of each two Ounces Roots of Angelica an Ounce Juniper and Bayberries of each six Drams Salt of Tartar six Ounces Mix them for a Bath Or Take Leaves of Savine half a handful Myrrh two Drams Wood of Aloes a Dram Troches Alhandal a Dram Make a gross Pouder to be thrown on burning Coals that the Smoak may be received by the Womb. The Antients also gave Pessaries among which that made of the Gall of a Bull mix'd with the Juice of Mercury wherein Coloquintida has been boil'd is not unprofitable Garlick also and its heads beaten with the Oil of Spike may be used to this purpose If the Evil is very stubborn we are sometimes forc'd to use Cantharides both inwardly and outwardly CHAP. II. Of the immoderat Flux of the Terms IF the Courses flow oftner or in greater quantities than they ought naturally to do 't is call'd an immoderat Flux of the Terms In those who labour of this Distemper we may observe three things 1. The strength of the Stomach is impaired with dejection of Appetite 2. They feel for the most part a stretching and tearing pain in the Back about the Loyns 3. Those who are scorbutic abounding with a volatil Acid are for the most part subject to it The Causes respect either the Womb or Blood Sometimes the former loses its due firmness or tone and dos not sufficiently strengthen and extend its Vessels sometimes the Orifices of these Vessels are over-dilated or broke open by force as by over-straining ones self in taking up great Weights hard Labour Sneezing Vomiting c. But most frequently the Cause is in the Blood either when it is too waterish or when its Serum dos too much abound with a saltish Acidity or Acrimony or finally when it is too much moved and heated by venereal Rage Exercise Joy Anger use of strong Liquors Aromatics or too hot a Season c. If the evacuated Blood is thin of a florid and brisk Colour or if when receiv'd on a Linen Cloth it discovers a pale Circle the Serosity of the Blood is the Cause but if the Patient perceives a gnawing biting itching Pain twitching as it were the Genitals with a desire of Evacuation then the Acrimony of the Serum offends But if the voided Blood easily clots is of the natural Colour being somewhat obscure and if withal the Cheeks are ruddy Veins swollen the Pulse great quick and frequent then the fault lies in the over-heating or fermentative irritation of the Blood This Evil is dangerous if of long continuance inferring Weakness Indigestion Cachexy swelling of the Feet Dropsy the Whites and if the Patient is in years it is for the most part incurable In the Cure we must indeavour three things 1. Either to diminish the Blood by Fasting Labour or Blood-letting or to alter it with Wormwood Rhubarb c. or allay its Fervour and Fermentation by Plantain Purslain and mild Acids 2. To check its Fluidity with things that thicken and allay its sharp Serosity with
Chalybeat and absorbent Medicines 3. To strengthen the Womb and its Vessels with Astringent and chiefly Martial Remedies Now with regard to these Indications we must observe 1. That a Flux of any considerable standing must not be stop'd of a sudden 2. The Diet must be well order'd the Patient must be kept warm with rest of Body and Mind her Drink must be warm and she ought to abstain from Wine 3. Mild Purgatives and such as leave some astriction behind them may be used before the Flux when a superfluous Serosity abounds as a Dram of Rhubarb mix'd with Conserve of Roses or Syrup of Quinces also Myrobalans Or Take Pouder of choice Rhubarb a Dram Marmalad of Quinces half an Ounce Plantain-water an Ounce Mix for a draught 4. Bleeding increases the Disorder and ought not to be us'd but instead of it if the Blood is waterish you may have recourse to Sudorifics and Diuretics 5. Opiats are of singular use in preventing and curing the Paroxism but special regard must be had to the Patient's Strength Remedies therefore in this Disease are either absorbent or allaying in regard of the Blood or astringent with respect to the Womb. The Oil and Spirit of Vitriol given in Plantane-water do's notably allay the ardour of the Blood also prepar'd Nitre Lapis prunellae and mild acid Astringents As for Astringents which thicken the Blood and correct its fluidity These are Plantane Purslain Shepherds Purse Nettles white flower'd Yarrow and chiefly their Juices the Moss of the wild Plum-tree and that of the Oak given to a Dram twice or thrice in a potch'd Egg Loostrife with a purple Flower the greater Comfrey and its Root the Root of Bistort Nutmegs Rinds of bitter Oranges and their Decoction the Bark of the Root of the Mulberry-tree Rinds of Pomegranates and their Flowers Poppv and Henbane-seeds Pears Services Quinces Medlars Mastic and Wood of the Mastic-tree Misletoe of the Oak Steel and Chalybeat Remedies Coral and its Preparations Allum Bole-Armenic seal'd Earth Amber Dragons Blood the Dung of an Ass Goose or Dog the Yelk of an Egg burnt Hartshorn c. Of these and such like many forms may be prescrib'd As Take red Coral prepar'd yellow Amber Bole-Armenic Dragons Blood of each two Drams Plantain-seed calcin'd Borace of each a Dram Laudanum Opiatum six Grains Hartman's Extract of Saffron a Scruple Make a Pouder which is of excellent use when the Disease proceeds from watry Blood Take Conserve of Roses vitriolated an Ounce burnt Hartshorn prepar'd Blood-stone prepar'd of each a Dram Allum prepar'd with Sugar twelve Grains Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Make an Electuary with the Syrup of acid Pomgranates which is excellent in all bleedings of the Womb. Or Take Water of Frogs Spawn and of Oak-leaves of each six Drams prepar'd Bloodstone two Scruples Moses of human Scull a Scruple Syrup of Myrtles three Drams But it is in vain to multiply Prescriptions which any one may vary at his Pleasure Externals may likewise be us'd Some hang a Jasper about the Neck Some a Toad kill'd and dry'd A Pessary may be made of Asses and Hogs Dung with Juice of Plantane and the Mucilage of Quince-seed Injections for the Womb may be made of the Decoctions of simple Astringents or their Juices with addition of Allum If a grievous Pain and sense of burning molest the Vagina Henbane and Poppy-seeds may be added to Astringents Some order a Woman to put on a Shift that has been for eight days worn by a Man and add that by so doing she runs the risque of never having her Terms again Some commend Cataplasms As Take Carpenters Ruddle Bloodstone and dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol with red Bole of each equal parts Mix them into a Cataplasm with Whites of Eggs and Vinegar to be apply'd to the Belly and particularly the Region of the Groin Natural hot Baths are excellent if the Evil is inveterat Some also have found much good by fomenting the Region of the Groin with a Spunge dip'd in the Decoction of Allum either alone or with the addition of Knotgrass Roots of Bistort and the like CHAP. III. Of the Depravation of the Menstrual Flux WE shall cast into this Head several Accidents and Defaults of this Flux of which we treat in the following Articles ART I. Of the difficulty of the Terms TO Women of an impure and Cacochymic Body it often happens that a day or two before their Courses are upon them and sometimes when they begin to flow they are afflicted with Headaches pricking and grievous Pains of the Stomac beating and shooting Pains of the Loins reaching sometimes to the Groin also Pains in the Belly Palpitations of Heart difficulty of Breathing which Symptoms either cease or at least diminish when the Terms come till these being over those also vanish These Pains proceed from the Vessels of the outer Neck of the Womb which either being too small or stop'd up by the foregoing Flux hinder the discharge of the fermenting Blood Moreover in those of an ill habit of Body Wind coming from the vitiated Bile and pancreatic Juice and passing from the Guts to the Mesentery occasions Spasms and Contractions of the Nerves and Membranes whence insue the racking pains resembling those of the Cholic This Distemper if not timely prevented ends in a total Suppression of the Terms sometimes dismal hysteric and other bad Symptoms ensue In order to adjust the Cure we must endeavour to rectify the vitiated Crasis of the Blood by Chalybeat and aromatic volatil Remedies with the addition of gentle Laxatives In the Paroxysm the Fermentation of the Blood should be promoted by volatil Aromatics the Effervescence of the Bile and pancreatic Juice should be restrain'd by Chalybeat Medicines and fix'd Acids In the Paroxysm let gentle loosening Clysters with Turpentine be injected then exhibit the compound Essence of an Ox's Milt either alone or with the liquid Essence of Steel to which may be added Essence of Saffron also Elixir proprietatis compound Tincture of Tartar distill'd Oil of Aniseed or that of Amber Or Take Penyroyal-water two Ounces Water of Mugwort half an Ounce Essence of Castor a Dram and a half Spirit of Sal Armoniac half a Dram distill'd Oil of Aniseed three Drops Syrup of Mugwort six Drams Mix and make a Potion If eight days before the flowing of the Terms an Alterative and laxative Bag be given in Wine the following hysteric Pills will effect the Cure Take of Aloe three Drams best Myrrh a Scruple Extracts of Calamus Aromaticus and Carduus Benedictus of each half a Scruple of Saffron three Grains of Roots of Gentian round-rooted Birthwort and Dittany of each five Grains With Essence of Myrrh make Pills to be given during the time of the Flux from half a Dram to a whole one for some days Sweet things ought to be avoided but the following Potion to be taken by Spoonfuls is of singular efficacy Take Water of Swallows with Castor an Ounce and a
it is sometimes accompany'd with a desire of Copulation but oftner not In curing this we must begin if need be with mild Laxatives and Sudorifics and if needful allay the Acrimony of the Humour and finish what remains by external Applications The Internals are the Infusions and Decoctions of Fumitory Succory Scabious Baum Penny-royal Roots of Bryony Black Hellebor Polypody c. Mercurius dulcis and Troches Alhandal answer the purgative end as the Essences of Elder the Tincture of Coral and the Spirit of Woods perform the alterative and diaphoretic Office Of Externals the Preparations of Lead and Mercury are the best such as Vinegar wherein calcin'd Lead is dissolv'd If the Evil proves stubborn anoint the Lips of the Privities with an Ointment made up of one part of Oil of Tobacco and two of the Ointment of Tutty or apply Blistering-plaisters or cut Issues in the Thighs Sometimes the acid Humour retain'd corrodes the Lips of the Privities and occasions Wheals Pushes and in fine Scabs which are of a mild Character but very itching but there are others call'd Epinictides yet different from those little painful ones that spring from foul Embraces However both the one and the other are catching and difficultly cur'd For cure we must begin with such Universals as are used against the Scab or Itch especially laxative Bags of the Root of Briony and Spurge and if they are of the malignant kind we must use Mercurial and other Specifics for the Pox. Externally you may apply Oil of Roses mixt with Yelks of Eggs and discolour'd by beating in a leaden Mortar Or Take of the Decoction of Quick-line one pound Sugar of Lead a Dram. Inject one half and foment with the other If you suspect Infection instead of Saccharum Saturni take a Dram of Mercurius dulcis Or Take of Aloe and Myrrh of each the bigness of a small Pease Verdigrice half as much of white Wine Rose and Plantane-water of each an Ounce Mix for Injection and external Washing You may also use Vnguentum Album Camphoratum or de Lithargyrio mixt with Oil of Tartar per Deliquium in the mild sort and with Mercurius dulcis in the malignant ones If the venereal Appetit is exalted to the pitch of a Delirium it is then caâ—'d furor Vterinus a Disorder incident as well to Virgins as married Women and Widows Such Persons are talkative and peevish they ramble through the Streets and solicit whoever they meet to Venery and receive a denyal with the highest Indignation sometimes wantonly uncover themselves before Men and interlard their incoherent Discourses with Smut and Bawdry This Distemper at first is easily cur'd but if neglected ends in absolute Madness Wherefore in the beginning 't is proper to exhibit a strong Emetic enjoin a spare Diet and drain the Genital Liquor by extinguishing Specifics such as are the Root of white Water-Lilly Agnus Castus chiefly its Seed Lettuce Rue Purslain Hemlock principally its Seed Willow-leaves the Liquor running from its smaller Branches lopt off in the Spring Hemp and Poppy-seed c. Or Take Hemp-seed two Ounces Seeds of Lettuce and Purslain of each two Drams Make an Emulsion with Purslain-water to be sweetened with Syrup of Water-Lilly If Camphyr or an Opiat be added 't will be more effectual The Effervescence of the Blood and by consequence the Turgescence of the Seminal Liquor must likewise be repress'd by frequent Bleeding and absorbent Acids such as the Juice of Citrons Lemons and Pomegranats Nitre Sugar of Lead Coral c. and also by mild Sudorifics and besides in order to put a stop to the Fury and impetuous Motion of the Animal Spirits 't is convenient to add Poppy-seed Opium and Camphyr Externally we use Cataplasms Baths and Fomentations of Mandrake Nightshade Purslain Rue Hemlock Poppy and such like SECT III. Of the Disorders of the whole Body which are suppos'd to proceed from the Womb. CHAP. I. Of the Green Sickness AS the first arrival of seminal Liquor occasions several notable Alterations in Women so if it is too long retain'd and consequently corrupted and altered it ferments the Mass of Blood Juices and Spirits introducing an Evil disposition of the whole Body called the Green Sickness or white Virgin Feaver in which the Colour of the Skin is pale or somewhat livid and ugly attended by a bluish Circle under the Eyes Anxiety and Sadness without manifest Cause a slow obscure and disorderly Feaver an unequal and inconstant Pulse Vomitings in the day time c. It only invades Virgins and Widows or Women retir'd from Men and is heedfully to be distinguish'd from the Cachexy or evil Disposition of Body that 's common to both Sexes It is difficult to be known however if no error in Diet or the use of the six Nonnaturals no Obstruction of the Courses or other manifest Cause have preceded or if the Patient of a forward brisk Maid is become sad and anxious or is a forlorn Widow who formerly was a healthy Wife we may in such cases conclude this to be the Disease which the older it is has the worst Symptoms following it In curing of it we must endeavour to correct the default of Genital Liquor and remove the vitious Crasis of the Blood and by proper Remedies cure the incident Symptoms For the former Intentions Camphyr is a notable Remedy it not only diminishes the quantity of seminal Liquor and amends its virulency but has a peculiar Virtue of fortifying the Blood and Spirits Amber also Myrrh and its Essence prepar'd with Nitre Castor Spirit of Sal Armoniac and all Remedies prepar'd from them Preparations of Lead and moderat Acids are all proper As Take of the Conserve of Baum an Ounce and a half Conserve of Citron Pulp and of Quinces of each six Drams Essence of Myrrh half an Ounce prepar'd Amber two Drams Crystal Mineral of Lead Pouder of Castor of each a Dram Cloves Mace Zedoary of each a Scruple Camphyr half a Scruple Make an Electuary with Syrup of Pomegranats With these such things as extinguish the Seed may be mâ—x'd as Agnus Castus Willow Hemp and possibly Turpentine may not be amiss Opiats allay the severity of Symptoms and may be mix'd with other Specifics Bleeding and that often repeated is not improper CHAP. II. Of a Cachexy in Women ANother Fountain of Diseases commonly term'd hysteric is the suppression of the Terms from which a numerous train of Evils proceed especially if it happens on a suddeâ— by reason both of the quantity and deprav'd quality of the stagnating Blood for when there is too great a quantity of Blood it s due Circulation and fermentative Turgescence being restrain'd it becomes less spirituous and volatil yea gross and viscid and as it were flat and useless And as touching its quality we ought to remember that tho all the Mass of Blood is originally of the same condition and nature yet that which by the monthly Fermentation is measur'd out to be expell'd undergoes a singular Change
Application If we are apprehensive of their Degeneracy into a Cancer a Cataplasm of the Juice of Earthworms Pulp of rotten Apples Turneps Figgs and Saffron will not be improper But if the Swellings begin to shoot and cause pain they are not to be meddled with as being near akin to Cancers Cancers in the Breast generally take their Rise from hard Swellings and are much incourag'd by the Suppression of the Terms When the Swelling shoots and pricks without a tendency to Suppuration when it becomes hot and livid and the Veins are swollen we may reasonably conclude upon a Cancer Sometimes but very rarely it comes without any visible precedent Cause and appears first in the form of a little red Knot about the bigness of a Chiche which by derees increases becomes livid and black and the surrounding Veins swell up like so many Crabs-feet If a Cancer lies hid within its own Verge and dos not yet corrode the Skin and Substance of the Breasts it ought not to be tamper'd with For a palliative Cure we apply Liniments which partake of Ceruss and the Sugar of Lead or a Plate of Lead to the Breasts The Juice of the prick Thistle call'd Onopordon or of the Herb Robert and the Juice or Water of rotten Apples are also proper for external Applications Note all Compositions against a Cancer ought to be beaten and mix'd in a Leaden Mortar If a Cancer be ulcerated and void corrupt matter dispersing its Venom round all the neighbouring Parts it ought to be rooted out with a Knife and the bleeding stop'd with a fir'd Iron Allioth pretended to cure it with Alcali's mix'd with Sulphur But the former Method is most universally receiv'd Some apply a living Crab which dies upon the Breast while the Virulency remains and if it live signifies the temperance of the Ferment This Application they repeat till the Crab be able to live upon the Breast Soot and Lime-water are also recommended for washing the Ulcers as likewise the following Ointment Take of the Juices of Golden Rod Nightshade and Sow-thistle of each an Ounce Oil of Violets and that of Roses of each an Ounce and a half With Quick-lime make an Ointment in a Leaden Mortar The last Disorder relating to Suckling shall be that of the Nipples when they are small and not open or chop'd and â—lcerated The former Inconvenience is amended by applying a Cupping glass or a glass Instrument fit for the purpose and suckling a toothless Puppy The latter is prevented by fitting an excavated Nutmeg to the Nipple or anointing it with Hogs Tallow mix'd with common Bole some time before Delivery It s actual Cure is compass'd by anointing with Balsam of Peru or Oil of Balsamin Apple mix'd with the Oil of Eggs. The Oil of Sugar the fat of Cockles the Juice of the Herb Robert and above all the Juice of Wood-lice express'd in Wine are approv'd for the same purpose Some apply ston'd Raisins or the Leather of ones Shooe But when the Chops are large they ought to be washed frequently with warm Water to take off the stagnating Milk and Serum that corrupts and galls the Nipples and then fomented with Plantain-water in which Sugar of Lead is dissolv'd and afterwards cover'd up with a leaf of Ground Ivy. If they be ulcerated wash them with Quicklime-water and anoint 'em with a mixture of Litharge Allum Myrrh and Oil of Roses AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS Practice of PHYSIC c. BOOK V. Of the Diseases of Children IN the foregoing Sections we conducted the Child from the first minute of Conception to the hour of Birth It remains now to view its Circumstances when just launch'd into the World and provide suitable Relief The first Alteration it undergoes is occasion'd by the free Air which rarifies and quickens the Blood and Spirits and by consequence provokes the Stomac Guts and Bladder to expulsive Contractions Now in imitation of Natures Efforts 't is the Duty of Art to promote these Evacuations by exhibiting small quantities of a Mixture of solutive Syrup of Roses Syrup of Cichory with Rubarb and Sala's Emetic Syrup and feeding it with the Beestings projected by Nature for that purpose For the Excrements lodg'd in the first Passages are the curdled acid nutritious Juice barr'd from Evacuation 'till Child-birth hence the voiding of 'em before Delivery is look'd upon as a Sign of a dead Child And their undue stay after the Birth taints the nourishment with a preternatural Acidity and is in good measure the Cause of all the tragical Symptoms that pursue our Infancy upon which account we ought to be diligent in endeavouring their early removal Nor is the insensible Transpiration or Evacuation by the Pores of the skin to be neglected as being so essential to Life Now the slimy Crust fasten'd upon the Skin by the Liquor in the Amnios deprives the Infants of this Benefit and by imprisoning the Steams under the Skin exposes 'em to cuticular Eruptions To remove this inconvenience the Nurse ought to bathe the Child very frequently in warm Water in which Soap or common Lye is dissolv'd and with a soft Cloth wipe off the impurities of the Womb. As the undue Retention of Excrements is frequently the Cause of Childrens Diseases so the Assumption of irregular Food is justly charg'd with the same Crime The most of their Food is Milk from the Breasts which is render'd disorderly several ways As 1. When 't is not the Mother's own Milk The nutritious Juice which the Child was acquainted with in the Womb being converted into Milk would be the most natural and easy nourishment since Customary Food is always most easy of Digestion But forasmuch as the temperament of every Woman varies the Milk that of a strange Woman must needs disagree with the nutritious Juice of the Mother which the Child was wont to digest and consequently causes several notable Alterations in its Body especially considering that our Hackney Nurses are generally poor and inur'd to coarse Food whereas the Mothers that hire 'em are intitled to a contrary Character 2. The Milk of a sickly Woman whether Mother or Nurse is improper 3. Fat thick Milk at first is pernicious to the Child and apt to curdle into an acid Crudity Nature has wisely provided against this Consequence by the thin purgative Beestings that prepare the Child 's Stomac and by degrees inable it to digest the thick elaborate Milk 4. Nothing is more apt to disorder the Child than suckling it too often since large quantities of Milk stagnating in the Stomac must needs corrupt and occasion Crudities especially if fresh Milk be pour'd in before the preceding be digested 5. The Nurse's irregular Conduct dos frequently vitiat the Milk The least Error in Diet tho inoffensive to her may taint the Milk and hurt the Child Upon which account she ought to eat roasted Meat and that moderatly and not over-charge her Stomac as many are wont to do when they 'r transplanted from their own
the Inflammation of the Blood in a Headach or Feaver and in that case vanish upon bleeding at the Nose Or by a Catarrh or Translation of morbific Matter as in the Declension of Feavers c. If a Tingling in the Ears accompany other Distempers it affords the same Prognostics as Deafness If it subsist by it self it is not very dangerous unless it be inveterat in which case it proves a Forerunner of an Apoplexy If it proceed from frequent Blows it terminates in a total Privation of Hearing The Cure is perform'd by the same Medicines as above-mention'd especially Fumigations and the Application of Aromatic Spirits and Oils Take of the Leaves and Flowers of Chamomil one handful Dill or Sage Marjoram Rosemary of each half a handful Millet Seeds tosted one Ounce drv'd Salt half an Ounce chop them small and make a quilted Bag to be applied warm to the Ear. The Vapor of new Bread from the Oven with Cumin Seeds Fennel Seeds Aniseeds Origanum Mother of Thyme and Bay-Berries fermented and bak'd with it is sometimes useful but not always The Oil of Oak-worms above prescrib'd or express'd Oil of Peach Seeds with Peach Flowers infus'd in it are very proper Or Take of white Hellebor and Castor of each two Drams sweet Costus a Dram and a half Rue two Scruples Euphorbium half a Dram Oil of Bitter Almonds or Peach Seeds one Ounce Boil them gently in a sufficient quantity of Oil of Rue and apply it to the Ear with Cotton Or Take of the Roots of white Hellebor three Drams Bay-leaves and Rue of each half a handful Ash-leaves one handful Boil them in Oil of Bitter Almonds or of Nut's with White or Spanish Wine till the Wine be consum'd Express the Oil and apply it to the Ear. Or infuse the Simples in Spirit of Wine and extract and Essence for the same purpose Fumigation from a Decoction of Mustard-seeds in Wine is commended In a pituitous Constitution apply what follows Take of the Oil of Henbane and of Rue of each half a Dram distil'd Oil of Marjoram half a Scruple Castor six Grains Saffron four Grains Mix c. If it proceed from a Fall Contusion or external Violence take a Spoonful of the Spirit of Scurvy-grass and half a Spoonful of fresh Juice of Onyons and four or five Drops of distill'd Oil of Spike Mix and drop it into the Ear. In Plethoric and young Persons 't is not amiss to breathe a Vein in the Arm and exhibit some mild sneezing Medicines If it come by Fits follow the Course prescrib'd above If it attack Hypochondriac Persons it generally proceeds from the Disorders of the Stomac and lower Belly and is cur'd by Chalybeats Carminatives and volatil urinous Salts together with the usual Specifics CHAP. III. Of the Sense of Feeling and the Disorders 't is obnoxious to THE third Sense is that of Feeling occasion'd by the Influence of external Objects upon the nervous Glandules seated in the Skin 'T is true the nervous Fibres within the Body that are not glandulous are deeply sensible of the lightest touch but their Sense is painful and preternatural whereas that of the Glandules is equal and agreeable to Nature Upon which account Feeling is their peculiar Property and the Liver which has no Nerves or nervous Glandules is destitute of that Sense This Sense is quite extinguish'd in Apoplexies Palsies and stupifying Diseases Of which more in their proper places The most remarkable Depravation of the Sense of Feeling is what we call Pain that is when the Object makes such a sensible Impression upon the Organ as to provoke the Animal Spirits to irregular Motions and disturb the repose of the nervous Fibres which readily impart their Disorder to the Brain It may be call'd a convulsive Motion of the Fibres and Experience teaches us that Convulsions and Pain are reciprocal Causes to one another ART I. Of Pain in general THE remote Causes of Pain are innumerable for every particular Object has a peculiar way of affecting the Nerves The external Causes are manifest The internal Causes are generally the Offspring of vicious Acids which partake of sharp and stiff Parts that are apt to make painful Impressions upon the nervous Fibres This Acid for the most part owes its being to some defect in the Stomac and first Passages and varies the Nature of the Pain according to its changeable Circumstances If a volatil sharp Acid be join'd to a viscid Vehicle it takes deep rooting in the Part and creates immoveable Aches as in Venereal and Colis Pains If the Acid be more gentle and join'd to a thin Vehicle it produces a fluctuating Pain If it proceed from a particular defect in the Part affected 't is apt to recur and cause Relapses According as this Acid is dispos'd the Pain is either continu'd or intermitting it either observes set Periods or attacks indifferently in all Seasons And sometimes it causes Swellings by contracting the Fibres and straitning the Pores of the Part so as to put a stop to the Circulation of the Blood In order to form a distinct Idea of Pain I shall divide it into ten sorts The first is a weighty burdensom Pain arising from a Collection of insipid or viscid Matter lodg'd in a less sensible Part as the Swelling of the Liver 2. A pungent Pain arifing from a sharp pricking Acid in a membranous part as in a Pleurisy 3. A pointed penetrating Pain resembling the Sense of a Hole made by an Aul proceeding from a viscid Matter that partakes of Acidity As in St. Anthony's Fire and Arthritic Pains 4. A beating Pain which generally keeps pace with the Pulse of the Artery It proceeds from a violent Distention of the Fibres which are exasperated by the Incursion of the Blood as in Headaches or when ones Finger is prick'd by a Thorn c. 5. A breaking Pain peculiar to the Periostium resembling the breaking of the Bone 'T is produc'd by a sharp Acid lodg'd in a tenacious Matter as in Venereal Cases 6. A rending or distending Pain The former is peculiar to Hypochondriac Persons and Parts that have no exquisit Sense but are invested with a sensitive Membrane The latter is caus'd by Wilid or any thing that overcharges the Part and stretches the surrounding Membran 7. A tearing Pain peculiar to the Membranes and frequent in scorbutic Cases 8. A burning Pain peculiar to Fibres and Membranes arising from a volatil Acid and the boiling of the Humors within the Part. 9. A stupid chilly Pain And 10. A biting gnawing Pain If Pains be accompany'd by an intermitting Pulse 't is no just Cause of Fear for when the former disappears the latter returns to its wonted Order There are three sorts of Medicines made use of for Pains 1. All Alcali's apt to destroy a prevailing Acid As Wormwood Dill Elder Mint Chamomile Bay-leaves Pellitory of the Wall and the other softening Herbs Fumigations with Amber or the Spirit of Amber both inwardly and outwardly