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authority_n write_v writer_n writing_n 53 3 8.3819 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A43998 Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, and power of a common wealth, ecclesiasticall and civil by Thomas Hobbes ...; Leviathan Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1651 (1651) Wing H2246; ESTC R17253 438,804 412

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that_o do_v not_o plain_o and_o direct_o discharge_v they_o of_o their_o subjection_n for_o consequence_n of_o word_n be_v not_o the_o sign_n of_o his_o will_n when_o other_o consequence_n be_v sign_n of_o the_o contrary_a but_o rather_o sign_n of_o error_n and_o misreckon_v to_o which_o all_o mankind_n be_v too_o prone_a the_o bound_n of_o that_o power_n which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o representative_a of_o a_o body_n politic_n be_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o from_o two_o thing_n one_o be_v their_o writ_n or_o letter_n from_o the_o sovereign_n the_o other_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o though_o in_o the_o institution_n or_o acquisition_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n patent_n which_o be_v independent_a there_o need_v no_o write_v because_o the_o power_n of_o the_o representative_a have_v there_o no_o other_o bound_n but_o such_o as_o be_v set_v out_o by_o the_o unwritten_a law_n of_o nature_n yet_o in_o subordinate_a body_n there_o be_v such_o diversity_n of_o 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of_o the_o body_n understand_v those_o only_a for_o his_o debtor_n that_o be_v engage_v and_o see_v the_o representer_n can_v engage_v himself_o and_o none_o else_o have_v he_o only_o for_o debtor_n who_o must_v therefore_o pay_v he_o out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n if_o there_o be_v any_o or_o if_o there_o be_v none_o out_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n if_o he_o come_v into_o debt_n by_o contract_n or_o mulct_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o assent_v but_o when_o the_o representative_a be_v a_o assembly_n and_o the_o debt_n to_o a_o stranger_n all_o they_o and_o only_o they_o be_v responsible_a for_o the_o debt_n that_o give_v their_o vote_n to_o the_o borrow_n of_o it_o or_o to_o the_o contract_n that_o make_v it_o due_a or_o to_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o mulct_n be_v impose_v because_o every_o one_o of_o those_o in_o vote_v do_v engage_v himself_o for_o the_o payment_n for_o he_o that_o be_v author_n of_o the_o borrow_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o payment_n even_o of_o the_o whole_a debt_n though_o when_o pay_v by_o any_o one_o he_o be_v discharge_v but_o if_o the_o debt_n be_v to_o one_o of_o the_o assembly_n the_o assembly_n only_o be_v oblige_v oblige_v to_o the_o payment_n out_o of_o their_o common_a stock_n if_o they_o have_v any_o for_o have_v liberty_n of_o vote_n if_o he_o vote_n the_o money_n shall_v be_v borrow_v he_o vote_n it_o shall_v be_v pay_v if_o he_o vote_n if_o shall_v not_o be_v borrow_v or_o be_v absent_a yet_o because_o in_o lend_v he_o vote_v the_o borrow_n he_o contradict_v his_o former_a vote_n and_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o late_a and_o become_v both_o borrower_n and_o lender_n and_o consequent_o can_v demand_v payment_n from_o any_o particular_a man_n but_o from_o the_o common_a treasure_n only_o which_o fail_v he_o have_v no_o remedy_n nor_o complaint_n but_o against_o himself_o that_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o to_o their_o mean_n to_o pay_v and_o not_o be_v enforce_v do_v nevertheless_o through_o his_o own_o folly_n lend_v his_o money_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o this_o that_o in_o body_n politic_a subordinate_a and_o never_o subject_a to_o a_o sovereign_a power_n it_o be_v sometime_o not_o only_o lawful_a but_o expedient_a for_o a_o particular_a man_n to_o make_v open_a protestation_n against_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o representative_a assembly_n and_o cause_v their_o dissent_n to_o be_v register_v or_o to_o take_v witness_n of_o it_o because_o otherwise_o they_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v debt_n contract_v and_o be_v responsible_a for_o crime_n commit_v by_o other_o man_n but_o in_o a_o sovereign_a assembly_n that_o liberty_n be_v take_v away_o both_o because_o he_o that_o protest_v there_o deny_v their_o sovereignty_n and_o also_o because_o whatsoever_o be_v command_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v as_o to_o the_o subject_a though_o not_o so_o always_o
not_o a_o common_a benefit_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o have_v in_o this_o case_n no_o common_a stock_n but_o what_o be_v deduct_v out_o of_o the_o particular_a adventure_n for_o building_n buy_v victual_v and_o man_v of_o ship_n but_o the_o particular_a gain_n of_o every_o adventurer_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o every_o one_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o employment_n of_o his_o own_o that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v of_o the_o assembly_n that_o shall_v have_v the_o power_n to_o order_v the_o same_o and_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o account_n and_o therefore_o the_o representative_a of_o such_o a_o body_n must_v be_v a_o assembly_n where_o every_o member_n of_o the_o body_n may_v be_v present_a at_o the_o consultation_n if_o he_o will_n if_o a_o body_n politic_n of_o merchant_n contract_v a_o debt_n to_o a_o stranger_n by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o representative_a assembly_n every_o member_n be_v liable_a by_o himself_o for_o the_o whole_a for_o a_o stranger_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o their_o private_a law_n but_o consider_v they_o as_o so_o many_o particular_a man_n oblige_v every_o one_o to_o the_o whole_a payment_n till_o payment_n make_v by_o one_o discharge_v all_o the_o rest_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n be_v to_o one_o of_o the_o company_n the_o creditor_n be_v debtor_n for_o the_o whole_a to_o himself_o and_o can_v therefore_o demand_v his_o debt_n but_o only_o from_o the_o common_a stock_n if_o there_o be_v any_o if_o the_o commonwealth_n impose_v a_o tax_n upon_o the_o body_n it_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v lay_v upon_o every_o member_n proportionable_o to_o his_o particular_a adventure_n in_o the_o company_n for_o there_o be_v in_o this_o case_n no_o other_o common_a stock_n but_o what_o be_v make_v of_o their_o particular_a adventure_n if_o a_o mulct_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o body_n for_o some_o unlawful_a act_n they_o only_o be_v liable_a by_o who_o vote_n the_o act_n be_v decree_v or_o by_o who_o assistance_n it_o be_v execute_v for_o in_o none_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v there_o any_o other_o crime_n but_o be_v of_o the_o body_n which_o if_o a_o crime_n because_o the_o body_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o he_o if_o one_o of_o the_o member_n be_v indebt_v to_o the_o body_n he_o may_v 〈◊〉_d sue_v by_o the_o body_n but_o his_o good_n can_v be_v take_v nor_o his_o person_n imprison_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o body_n but_o only_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o if_o they_o can_v do_v it_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n they_o can_v by_o their_o own_o authority_n give_v judgement_n that_o the_o debt_n be_v due_a which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n those_o body_n make_v for_o the_o government_n of_o man_n or_o of_o traffic_n sovereign_n be_v either_o perpetual_a or_o for_o a_o time_n prescribe_v by_o write_v but_o there_o be_v body_n also_o who_o time_n be_v limit_v and_o that_o only_a by_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o business_n for_o example_n if_o a_o sovereign_a monarch_n or_o a_o sovereign_a assembly_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v command_n to_o the_o town_n and_o other_o several_a part_n of_o their_o territory_n to_o send_v to_o he_o their_o deputy_n to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o condition_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o subject_n or_o to_o advise_v with_o he_o for_o the_o make_n of_o good_a law_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n as_o with_o one_o person_n represent_v the_o whole_a country_n such_o deputy_n have_v a_o place_n and_o time_n of_o meet_v assign_v they_o be_v there_o and_o at_o that_o time_n a_o body_n politic_n represent_v every_o subject_a of_o that_o dominion_n but_o it_o be_v only_o for_o such_o matter_n as_o shall_v be_v propound_v unto_o they_o by_o that_o man_n or_o assembly_n that_o by_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n send_v for_o they_o and_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v declare_v that_o nothing_o more_o shall_v be_v propound_v nor_o debate_v by_o they_o the_o body_n be_v dissolve_v for_o if_o they_o be_v the_o absolute_a representative_a of_o the_o people_n than_o be_v it_o the_o sovereign_a assembly_n and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v two_o sovereign_a assembly_n or_o two_o sovereign_n over_o the_o same_o people_n which_o can_v consist_v with_o their_o peace_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v once_o a_o sovereignty_n there_o can_v be_v no_o absolute_a representation_n of_o the_o people_n but_o by_o it_o and_o for_o the_o limit_n of_o how_o far_o such_o a_o body_n shall_v represent_v the_o whole_a people_n they_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o write_n by_o which_o they_o be_v send_v for_o for_o the_o people_n can_v choose_v their_o deputy_n to_o other_o intent_n than_o be_v in_o the_o write_v direct_v to_o they_o from_o their_o sovereign_n express_v private_a body_n regular_a and_o lawful_a be_v those_o that_o be_v constitute_v family_n without_o letter_n or_o other_o write_a authority_n save_v the_o law_n common_a to_o all_o other_o subject_n and_o because_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o person_n representative_a they_o be_v hold_v for_o regular_n such_o as_o be_v all_o family_n in_o which_o the_o father_n or_o master_n order_v the_o whole_a family_n for_o he_o oblige_v his_o child_n and_o servant_n as_o far_o as_o the_o law_n permit_v though_o not_o further_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o obedience_n in_o those_o action_n which_o the_o law_n have_v forbid_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o other_o action_n during_o the_o time_n they_o be_v under_o domestic_a government_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o father_n and_o master_n as_o to_o their_o immediate_a sovereign_n for_o the_o father_n and_o master_n be_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o commonwealth_n absolute_a sovereign_n in_o their_o own_o family_n they_o lose_v afterward_o no_o more_o of_o their_o authority_n than_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n take_v from_o they_o private_a body_n regular_a but_o unlawful_a be_v those_o that_o unite_v themselves_o unlawful_a into_o one_o person_n representative_a without_o any_o public_a authority_n at_o all_o such_o as_o be_v the_o corporation_n of_o beggar_n thief_n and_o gipsy_n the_o better_a to_o order_v their_o trade_n of_o beg_v and_o steal_v and_o the_o corporation_n of_o man_n that_o by_o authority_n from_o any_o foreign_a person_n unite_v themselves_o in_o another_o dominion_n for_o the_o easy_a propagation_n of_o doctrine_n and_o for_o make_v a_o party_n against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n irregular_a systemes_n in_o their_o nature_n but_o league_n or_o sometime_o league_n mere_a concourse_n of_o people_n without_o union_n to_o any_o particular_a design_n not_o by_o obligation_n of_o one_o to_o another_o but_o proceed_v only_o from_o a_o similitude_n of_o will_n and_o inclination_n become_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a according_a to_o the_o lawfulness_n or_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o every_o particular_a man_n design_n therein_o and_o his_o design_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o occasion_n the_o league_n of_o subject_n because_o league_n be_v common_o make_v for_o mutual_a defence_n be_v in_o a_o common_a wealth_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o league_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n together_o for_o the_o most_o part_n unnecessary_a and_o savour_n of_o unlawful_a design_n and_o be_v for_o that_o cause_n unlawful_a and_o go_v common_o by_o the_o name_n of_o faction_n or_o conspiracy_n for_o a_o league_n be_v a_o connexion_n of_o man_n by_o covenant_n if_o there_o be_v no_o power_n give_v to_o any_o one_o man_n or_o assembly_n as_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a nature_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o performance_n be_v so_o long_o only_o valid_a as_o there_o arise_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o distrust_n and_o therefore_o league_n between_o commonwealth_n over_o who_o there_o be_v no_o humane_a power_n establish_v to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o also_o profitable_a for_o the_o time_n they_o last_v but_o league_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n where_o every_o one_o may_v obtain_v his_o right_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v unnecessary_a to_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n the_o design_n of_o they_o be_v evil_a or_o unknown_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n unlawful_a for_o all_o unite_n of_o strength_n by_o private_a man_n be_v if_o for_o evil_a intent_n unjust_a if_o for_o intent_n unknown_a dangerous_a to_o the_o public_a and_o unjust_o conceal_v if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o a_o great_a assembly_n and_o a_o number_n of_o cabal_n man_n part_n of_o the_o assembly_n without_o authority_n consult_v a_o part_n to_o contrive_v the_o guidance_n of_o the_o rest_n this_o be_v a_o faction_n or_o conspiracy_n unlawful_a as_o be_v a_o fraudulent_a seduce_a of_o the_o assembly_n for_o their_o particular_a
be_v once_o settle_a then_o be_v they_o actual_o law_n and_o not_o before_o as_o be_v then_o the_o command_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o also_o civil_a law_n for_o it_o be_v the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o oblige_v man_n to_o obey_v they_o for_o in_o the_o difference_n of_o private_a man_n to_o declare_v what_o be_v equity_n what_o be_v justice_n and_o what_o be_v moral_a virtue_n and_o to_o make_v they_o bind_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o ordinance_n of_o sovereign_a power_n and_o punishment_n to_o be_v ordain_v d_o for_o such_o as_o shall_v break_v they_o which_o ordinance_n be_v therefore_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o all_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o world_n reciprocal_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n for_o justice_n that_o be_v to_o say_v performance_n of_o covenant_n and_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o every_o subject_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n have_v covenant_v to_o obey_v the_o civil_a law_n either_o one_o with_o another_o as_o when_o they_o assemble_v to_o make_v a_o common_a representative_a or_o with_o the_o representative_a itself_o one_o by_o one_o when_o subdue_v by_o the_o sword_n they_o promise_v obedience_n that_o they_o may_v receive_v life_n and_o therefore_o obedience_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v part_n also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n civil_a and_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o different_a kind_n but_o different_a part_n of_o law_n whereof_o one_o part_n be_v write_v be_v call_v civil_a the_o other_o unwritten_a natural_a but_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o man_n may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v abridge_v and_o restrain_v nay_o the_o end_n of_o make_v law_n be_v no_o other_o but_o such_o restraint_n without_o the_o which_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o peace_n and_o law_n be_v 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commonwealth_n the_o sovereign_a assembly_n a_o man_n may_v wonder_v from_o whence_o proceed_v such_o opinion_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o lawyer_n of_o eminence_n in_o several_a commonwealth_n direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n make_v the_o legislative_a power_n depend_v on_o private_a man_n or_o subordinate_a judge_n as_o for_o example_n that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v no_o controller_n but_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v true_a only_a where_o a_o parliament_n have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o can_v be_v assemble_v nor_o dissolve_v but_o by_o their_o own_o discretion_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o right_a in_o any_o else_o to_o dissolve_v they_o there_o be_v a_o right_a also_o to_o control_v they_o and_o consequent_o to_o control_v their_o controuling_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o right_a than_o the_o controller_n of_o law_n be_v not_o parlamentum_fw-la but_o rex_fw-la in_o parlamento_n and_o be_v a_o parliament_n be_v sovereign_a if_o it_o shall_v assemble_v never_o so_o many_o or_o so_o wise_a man_n from_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o they_o for_o whatsoever_o cause_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o man_n will_v believe_v that_o such_o a_o assembly_n have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o legislative_a power_n item_n that_o the_o two_o arm_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v force_n and_o justice_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o other_o deposit_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o parliament_n as_o if_o a_o commonwealth_n can_v consist_v where_o the_o force_n be_v in_o any_o hand_n which_o justice_n have_v not_o the_o authority_n to_o command_v and_o govern_v 7._o that_o law_n can_v never_o be_v against_o reason_n our_o lawyer_n be_v agree_v and_o that_o not_o the_o letter_n that_o be_v every_o construction_n of_o it_o but_o that_o which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n be_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o doubt_n be_v of_o who_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o shall_v be_v receive_v for_o law_n it_o be_v not_o mean_v of_o any_o private_a reason_n for_o then_o there_o will_v be_v as_o much_o contradiction_n in_o the_o law_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o school_n nor_o yet_o as_o sr._n ed._n coke_n make_v it_o a_o artificial_a b._n perfection_n of_o reason_n get_v by_o long_a study_n observation_n and_o experience_n as_o he_o be_v for_o it_o be_v possible_a long_a study_n may_v increase_v and_o confirm_v erroneous_a sentence_n and_o where_o man_n build_v on_o false_a ground_n the_o more_o they_o build_v the_o great_a be_v the_o ruin_n and_o of_o those_o that_o study_n and_o observe_v with_o equal_a time_n and_o diligence_n the_o reason_n and_o resolution_n be_v and_o must_v remain_v discordant_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o that_o juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la or_o wisdom_n of_o subordinate_a judge_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o our_o artificial_a man_n the_o commonwealth_n and_o his_o command_n that_o make_v law_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o their_o representative_a but_o one_o person_n there_o can_v easy_o arise_v any_o contradiction_n in_o the_o law_n and_o when_o there_o do_v the_o same_o reason_n be_v able_a by_o interpretation_n or_o alteration_n to_o take_v it_o away_o in_o all_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o sovereign_n which_o be_v the_o person_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v he_o that_o judge_v the_o subordinate_a judge_n aught_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o reason_n which_o move_v his_o sovereign_n to_o make_v such_o law_n that_o his_o sentence_n may_v be_v according_a thereunto_o which_o then_o be_v his_o sovereign_n sentence_n otherwise_o it_o be_v his_o own_o and_o a_o unjust_a one_o 8._o from_o this_o that_o the_o law_n be_v a_o command_n and_o a_o command_n consist_v law_n in_o declaration_n or_o manifestation_n of_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o command_v by_o voice_n writing_n or_o some_o other_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o the_o same_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v law_n only_o to_o those_o that_o have_v mean_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o over_o natural_a fool_n child_n or_o madman_n there_o be_v no_o law_n no_o more_o than_o over_o brute_n beast_n nor_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o the_o title_n of_o just_a or_o unjust_a because_o they_o have_v never_o power_n to_o make_v any_o covenant_n or_o to_o understand_v the_o consequence_n thereof_o and_o consequent_o never_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o authorise_v the_o action_n of_o any_o sovereign_n as_o they_o must_v do_v that_o make_v to_o themselves_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o as_o those_o from_o who_o nature_n or_o accident_n have_v take_v away_o the_o notice_n of_o all_o law_n in_o general_a so_o also_o every_o man_n from_o who_o any_o accident_n not_o proceed_v from_o his_o own_o default_n have_v take_v away_o the_o mean_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a law_n be_v excuse_v if_o
he_o observe_v it_o not_o and_o to_o speak_v proper_o that_o law_n be_v no_o law_n to_o he_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a to_o consider_v in_o this_o place_n what_o argument_n and_o sign_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v the_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o sovereign_n as_o well_o in_o monarchy_n as_o in_o other_o form_n of_o government_n and_o first_o if_o it_o be_v a_o law_n that_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n without_o exception_n nature_n and_o be_v not_o write_v nor_o otherwise_o publish_v in_o such_o place_n as_o they_o may_v take_v notice_n thereof_o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o whatsoever_o man_n be_v to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o for_o law_n not_o upon_o other_o man_n word_n but_o every_o one_o from_o his_o own_o reason_n must_v be_v such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o reason_n of_o all_o man_n which_o no_o law_n can_v be_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o 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do_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v for_o instruction_n the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o if_o he_o make_v a_o judge_n the_o judge_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o his_o sentence_n ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o sovereign_n which_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v equity_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o if_o a_o ambassador_n he_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n not_o contain_v in_o his_o write_a instruction_n to_o take_v for_o instruction_n that_o which_o reason_n dictate_v to_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o his_o sovereign_n interest_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o minister_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n public_a and_o private_a all_o which_o instruction_n of_o natural_a reason_n may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o one_o name_n of_o fidelity_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o natural_a justice_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n except_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o all_o other_o law_n to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o every_o man_n that_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v they_o either_o by_o word_n or_o write_v or_o some_o other_o act_n know_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n for_o the_o will_n of_o another_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o his_o own_o word_n or_o act_n or_o by_o conjecture_n take_v from_o his_o scope_n and_o purpose_n which_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v always_o consonant_a to_o equity_n and_o reason_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o letter_n be_v in_o common_a use_n the_o law_n be_v many_o time_n put_v into_o verse_n that_o the_o rude_a people_n take_v pleasure_n in_o sing_v or_o recite_v they_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o retain_v they_o in_o memory_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n solomon_n advise_v a_o man_n to_o bind_v the_o ten_o commandment_n 3._o upon_o his_o ten_o finger_n and_o for_o the_o law_n which_o moses_n give_v to_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n at_o the_o renew_n of_o the_o covenant_n *_o he_o bid_v they_o to_o teach_v it_o their_o 19_o child_n by_o discourse_v of_o it_o both_o at_o home_n and_o upon_o the_o way_n at_o go_v to_o bed_n and_o at_o rise_v from_o bed_n and_o to_o write_v it_o upon_o the_o post_n and_o door_n of_o their_o house_n and_o 12._o to_o assemble_v the_o people_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n to_o hear_v it_o read_v nor_o be_v it_o enough_o the_o law_n be_v write_v and_o publish_v but_o also_o that_o there_o be_v manifest_a sign_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sovereign_n know_v for_o private_a man_n when_o they_o have_v or_o think_v they_o have_v force_n enough_o to_o secure_v their_o unjust_a design_n and_o convoy_n they_o safe_o to_o their_o ambitious_a end_n may_v publish_v for_o law_n what_o they_o please_v without_o or_o against_o the_o legislative_a authority_n there_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a not_o only_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o law_n but_o also_o sufficient_a sign_n of_o the_o author_n and_o authority_n the_o author_n or_o legislator_n be_v suppose_v in_o every_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v evident_a because_o he_o be_v the_o sovereign_n who_o have_v be_v constitute_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o every_o one_o be_v suppose_v by_o every_o one_o to_o be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o though_o the_o ignorance_n and_o security_n of_o man_n be_v such_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o that_o when_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o first_o constitution_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n be_v wear_v out_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v by_o who_o power_n they_o use_v to_o be_v defend_v against_o their_o enemy_n and_o to_o have_v their_o industry_n protect_v and_o to_o be_v right_v when_o injury_n be_v do_v they_o yet_o because_o no_o man_n that_o consider_v can_v make_v question_n of_o it_o no_o excuse_n can_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o where_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v place_v and_o it_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o consequent_o a_o evident_a law_n of_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o weaken_v that_o power_n the_o protection_n whereof_o he_o have_v himself_o demand_v or_o witting_o receive_v against_o other_o therefore_o of_o who_o be_v sovereign_a no_o man_n but_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n whatsoever_o evil_a man_n suggest_v can_v make_v any_o doubt_n the_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o authority_n derive_v from_o he_o the_o removing_z whereof_o depend_v on_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o public_a register_n public_a counsel_n public_a minister_n and_o public_a seal_n by_o which_o all_o law_n be_v sufficient_o verify_v verify_v authorise_v i_o say_v not_o authorize_v for_o the_o verification_n be_v but_o the_o testimony_n and_o record_n not_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o sovereign_n only_o if_o therefore_o a_o man_n have_v a_o question_n of_o injury_n depend_v on_o the_o judge_n law_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v on_o common_a equity_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n that_o by_o commission_n have_v authority_n to_o take_v cogninisance_n of_o such_o cause_n be_v a_o sufficient_a verification_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o individual_a case_n for_o though_o the_o advice_n of_o one_o that_o profess_v the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o avoid_n of_o contention_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o advice_n it_o be_v the_o judge_n must_v tell_v man_n what_o be_v law_n upon_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o controversy_n but_o when_o the_o question_n be_v of_o injury_n or_o crime_n upon_o a_o write_a law_n register_n every_o man_n by_o recourse_n to_o the_o register_n by_o himself_o or_o other_o may_v if_o he_o will_v be_v sufficient_o inform_v before_o he_o do_v such_o injury_n or_o commit_v the_o crime_n whither_o it_o be_v a_o injury_n or_o not_o nay_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v so_o for_o when_o a_o man_n doubt_n whether_o the_o act_n he_o go_v about_o be_v just_a or_o injust_a and_o may_v inform_v himself_o if_o he_o will_v the_o do_v be_v unlawful_a in_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o suppose_v himself_o injure_v in_o a_o case_n determine_v by_o the_o write_a law_n which_o he_o may_v by_o himself_o or_o other_o see_v and_o consider_v if_o he_o complain_v before_o he_o consult_v with_o the_o law_n he_o do_v unjust_o and_o bewray_v a_o disposition_n rather_o to_o vex_v other_o man_n than_o to_o demand_v his_o own_o right_a if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o obedience_n to_o a_o public_a officer_n to_o have_v seal_n see_v his_o commission_n with_o the_o public_a seal_n and_o hear_v it_o read_v or_o to_o have_v have_v the_o mean_n to_o be_v inform_v of_o it_o if_o a_o man_n will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a verification_n of_o his_o authority_n for_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o inform_v himself_o of_o
and_o deliver_v by_o god_n himself_o to_o moses_n and_o by_o moses_n make_v know_v to_o the_o people_n before_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o write_v law_n of_o god_n who_o as_o yet_o have_v not_o choose_v any_o people_n to_o be_v his_o peculiar_a kingdom_n have_v give_v no_o law_n to_o man_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o precept_n of_o natural_a reason_n write_v in_o every_o man_n own_o heart_n of_o these_o two_o table_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o law_n of_o sovereignty_n 1._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o obey_v nor_o honour_v the_o god_n of_o other_o nation_n in_o these_o word_n non-habebis_a deos_fw-la alienos_fw-la coram_fw-la i_o that_o be_v thou_o shall_v not_o have_v for_o god_n the_o god_n that_o other_o nation_n worship_n but_o only_o i_o whereby_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o obey_v or_o honour_n as_o their_o king_n and_o governor_n any_o other_o god_n than_o he_o that_o speak_v unto_o they_o then_o by_o moses_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o high_a priest_n 2._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o image_n to_o represent_v he_o that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v not_o to_o choose_v to_o themselves_o neither_o in_o heaven_n nor_o in_o earth_n any_o representative_a of_o their_o own_o fancy_v but_o obey_v moses_n and_o aaron_n who_o he_o have_v appoint_v to_o that_o office_n 3._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o take_v the_o name_n of_o god_n in_o vain_a that_o be_v they_o shall_v not_o speak_v rash_o of_o their_o king_n nor_o dispute_v his_o right_n nor_o the_o commission_n of_o moses_n and_o aaron_n his_o lieutenant_n 4._o that_o they_o shall_v every_o seven_o day_n abstain_v from_o their_o ordinary_a labour_n and_o employ_v that_o time_n in_o do_v he_o public_a honor._n the_o second_o table_n contain_v the_o duty_n of_o one_o man_n towards_o another_o as_o to_o honour_v parent_n not_o to_o kill_v not_o to_o commit_v adultery_n not_o to_o steal_v not_o to_o corrupt_v judgement_n by_o false_a witness_n and_o final_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o design_n in_o their_o heart_n the_o do_v of_o any_o injury_n one_o to_o another_o the_o question_n now_o be_v who_o it_o be_v that_o give_v to_o these_o write_a table_n the_o obligatory_a force_n of_o law_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o they_o be_v make_v law_n by_o god_n himself_o but_o because_o a_o law_n oblige_v not_o nor_o be_v law_n to_o any_o but_o to_o they_o that_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o sovereign_n how_o can_v the_o people_n of_o israel_n that_o be_v forbid_v to_o approach_v the_o mountain_n to_o hear_v what_o god_n say_v to_o moses_n be_v oblige_v to_o obedience_n to_o all_o those_o law_n which_o moses_n propound_v to_o they_o some_o of_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o all_o the_o second_o table_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o god_n law_n not_o to_o the_o israelite_n alone_o but_o to_o all_o people_n but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o israelite_n as_o those_o of_o the_o first_o table_n the_o question_n remain_v save_v that_o they_o have_v oblige_v themselves_o present_o after_o the_o propound_v of_o they_o to_o obey_v moses_n in_o these_o word_n exod._n 20._o 19_o speak_v thou_o to_o we_o and_o we_o will_v hear_v thou_o but_o let_v not_o god_n speak_v to_o we_o lest_o we_o die_v it_o be_v therefore_o only_o moses_n then_o and_o after_o he_o the_o high_a priest_n who_o by_o moses_n god_n declare_v shall_v administer_v this_o his_o peculiar_a kingdom_n that_o have_v on_o earth_n the_o power_n to_o make_v this_o short_a scripture_n of_o the_o decalogue_n to_o be_v law_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o israel_n but_o moses_n and_o aaron_n and_o the_o succeed_a high_a priest_n be_v the_o civil_a sovereign_n therefore_o hitherto_o the_o canonise_a or_o make_v of_o the_o scripture_n law_n belong_v to_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n law_n the_o judicial_a law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o law_n that_o god_n prescribe_v to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o israel_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n they_o shall_v pronounce_v in_o plea_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o the_o leviticall_a law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o rule_n that_o god_n prescribe_v touch_v the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o levite_n be_v all_o deliver_v to_o they_o by_o moses_n only_o and_o therefore_o also_o become_v law_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o promise_n of_o obedience_n to_o moses_n whether_o these_o law_n be_v then_o write_v or_o not_o write_v but_o dictate_v to_o the_o people_n by_o moses_n after_o his_o forty_o day_n be_v with_o god_n in_o the_o mount_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o text_n but_o they_o be_v all_o positive_a law_n and_o equivalent_a to_o holy_a scripture_n and_o make_v canonical_a by_o moses_n the_o civil_a sovereign_n after_o the_o israelite_n be_v come_v into_o the_o plain_n of_o moab_n over_o against_o law_n jericho_n and_o ready_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n of_o promise_n moses_n to_o the_o former_a law_n add_v divers_a other_o which_o therefore_o be_v call_v deuteronomy_n that_o be_v second_o law_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v write_v deut._n 29._o 1._o the_o word_n of_o a_o covenant_n which_o the_o lord_n command_v moses_n to_o make_v with_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n beside_o the_o covenant_n which_o he_o make_v with_o they_o in_o horeb._n for_o have_v explain_v those_o former_a law_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o book_n of_o deuteronomy_n he_o add_v other_o that_o begin_v at_o the_o 12._o cha._n and_o continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 26._o of_o the_o same_o book_n this_o law_n deut._n 27._o 1._o they_o be_v command_v to_o write_v upon_o great_a stone_n playster_v over_o at_o their_o pass_v over_o jordan_n this_o law_n also_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n himself_o in_o a_o book_n and_o deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o to_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n deut._n 31._o 9_o and_o command_v ve_fw-la 26._o to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ark_n for_o in_o the_o ark_n itself_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o ten_o commandment_n this_o be_v the_o law_n which_o moses_n deuteronomy_n 17._o 18._o command_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n shall_v keep_v a_o copy_n of_o and_o this_o be_v the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v long_a time_n lose_v be_v find_v again_o in_o the_o temple_n in_o the_o time_n of_o josiah_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o both_o moses_n at_o the_o writing_n and_o josiah_n at_o the_o recovery_n thereof_o have_v both_o of_o they_o the_o civil_a sovereignty_n hitherto_o therefore_o the_o power_n of_o make_v scripture_n canonical_a be_v in_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n beside_o this_o book_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v no_o other_o book_n from_o the_o time_n of_o moses_n till_o after_o the_o captivity_n receive_v among_o the_o jew_n for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o the_o prophet_n except_o a_o few_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o captivity_n itself_o and_o the_o rest_n live_v but_o a_o little_a before_o it_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v their_o prophecy_n general_o receive_v for_o law_n as_o that_o their_o person_n be_v persecute_v partly_o by_o false_a prophet_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o king_n which_o be_v seduce_v by_o they_o and_o this_o book_n itself_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o josiah_n for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o with_o it_o all_o the_o history_n of_o the_o work_n of_o god_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o captivity_n and_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n of_o jerusalem_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o 2_o esdras_n 14._o 21._o thy_o law_n be_v burn_v therefore_o no_o man_n know_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v of_o thou_o or_o the_o work_n that_o shall_v begin_v and_o before_o the_o captivity_n between_o the_o time_n when_o the_o law_n be_v lose_v which_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n but_o may_v probable_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o time_n of_o rehoboam_n when_o 26._o shishak_n king_n of_o egypt_n take_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o time_n of_o josiah_n when_o it_o be_v find_v again_o they_o have_v no_o write_a word_n of_o god_n but_o rule_v according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n or_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o such_o as_o each_o of_o they_o esteem_a prophet_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o scripture_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n canonical_a which_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o canonical_a nor_o a_o law_n unto_o the_o jew_n till_o the_o renovation_n of_o their_o covenant_n with_o god_n at_o their_o return_n from_o the_o captivity_n and_o restauration_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n under_o esdras_n but_o from_o that_o time_n
forward_o they_o be_v account_v the_o law_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o for_o such_o translate_v into_o greek_a by_o seventy_o elder_n of_o judaea_n and_o put_v into_o the_o library_n of_o ptolemy_n at_o alexandria_n and_o approve_v for_o the_o word_n of_o god_n now_o see_v esdras_n be_v the_o high_a priest_n and_o the_o high_a priest_n be_v their_o civil_a sovereign_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o scripture_n be_v never_o make_v law_n but_o by_o the_o sovereign_n civil_a power_n by_o the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n that_o live_v in_o the_o time_n before_o sovereign_n that_o christian_a religion_n be_v receive_v and_o authorise_v by_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n we_o may_v find_v that_o the_o book_n we_o now_o have_v of_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o christian_n of_o that_o time_n except_o a_o few_o in_o respect_n of_o who_o paucity_n the_o rest_n be_v call_v the_o catholic_a church_n and_o other_o haeretique_n for_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o consequent_o for_o the_o canon_n or_o rule_n of_o faith_n such_o be_v the_o reverence_n and_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o teacher_n as_o general_o the_o reverence_n that_o the_o disciple_n bear_v to_o their_o first_o master_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o doctrine_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o be_v not_o small_a therefore_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o when_o s._n paul_n write_v to_o the_o church_n he_o have_v convert_v or_o any_o other_o apostle_n or_o disciple_n of_o christ_n to_o those_o which_o have_v then_o embrace_v christ_n they_o receive_v those_o their_o write_n for_o the_o true_a christian_a doctrine_n but_o in_o that_o time_n when_o not_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o teacher_n but_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o hearer_n cause_v they_o to_o receive_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o apostle_n that_o make_v their_o own_o write_n canonical_a but_o every_o convert_v make_v they_o so_o to_o himself_o but_o the_o question_n here_o be_v not_o what_o any_o christian_a make_v a_o law_n or_o canon_n to_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v again_o reject_v by_o the_o same_o right_n he_o receive_v it_o but_o what_o be_v so_o make_v a_o canon_n to_o they_o as_o without_o injustice_n they_o can_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a thereunto_o that_o the_o new_a testament_n shall_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v canonical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o law_n in_o any_o place_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n have_v not_o make_v it_o so_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o law_n for_o a_o law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v be_v the_o commandment_n of_o that_o man_n or_o assembly_n to_o who_o we_o have_v give_v sovereign_a authority_n to_o make_v such_o rule_n for_o the_o direction_n of_o our_o action_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o to_o punish_v we_o when_o we_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o same_o when_o therefore_o any_o other_o man_n shall_v offer_v unto_o we_o any_o other_o rule_n which_o the_o sovereign_a ruler_n have_v not_o prescribe_v they_o be_v but_o counsel_n and_o advice_n which_o whether_o good_a or_o bad_a he_o that_o be_v counsel_v may_v without_o injustice_n refuse_v to_o observe_v and_o when_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n already_o establish_v without_o injustice_n can_v observe_v how_o good_a soever_o he_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v i_o say_v he_o can_v in_o this_o case_n observe_v the_o same_o in_o his_o action_n nor_o in_o his_o discourse_v with_o other_o man_n though_o he_o may_v without_o blame_n believe_v his_o private_a teacher_n and_o wish_v he_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o practice_v their_o advice_n and_o that_o it_o be_v public_o receive_v for_o law_n for_o internal_a faith_n be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n invisible_a and_o consequent_o exempt_v from_o all_o humane_a jurisdiction_n whereas_o the_o word_n and_o action_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o as_o breach_n of_o our_o civil_a obedience_n be_v injustice_n both_o before_o god_n and_o man._n see_v then_o our_o saviour_n have_v deny_v his_o kingdom_n to_o be_v in_o this_o world_n see_v he_o have_v say_v he_o come_v not_o to_o judge_v but_o to_o save_v the_o world_n he_o have_v not_o subject_v we_o to_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v the_o jew_n to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n which_o he_o say_v mat._n 5._o he_o come_v not_o to_o destroy_v but_o to_o fulfil_v and_o other_o nation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o their_o several_a sovereign_n and_o all_o man_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o observe_v whereof_o both_o he_o himself_o and_o his_o apostle_n have_v in_o their_o teach_n recommend_v to_o we_o as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n of_o be_v admit_v by_o he_o in_o the_o last_o day_n into_o his_o eternal_a kingdom_n wherein_o shall_v be_v protection_n and_o life_n everlasting_a see_v then_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n leave_v not_o new_a law_n to_o oblige_v we_o in_o this_o world_n but_o new_a doctrine_n to_o prepare_v we_o for_o the_o next_o the_o book_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n which_o contain_v that_o doctrine_n until_o obedience_n to_o they_o be_v command_v by_o they_o that_o god_n have_v give_v power_n to_o on_o earth_n to_o be_v legislator_n be_v not_o obligatory_a canon_n that_o be_v law_n but_o only_o good_a and_o safe_a advice_n for_o the_o direction_n of_o sinner_n in_o the_o way_n to_o salvation_n which_o every_o man_n may_v take_v and_o refuse_v at_o his_o own_o peril_n without_o injustice_n again_o our_o saviour_n christ_n commission_n to_o his_o apostle_n and_o disciple_n be_v to_o proclaim_v his_o kingdom_n not_o present_a but_o to_o come_v and_o to_o teach_v all_o nation_n and_o to_o baptise_v they_o that_o shall_v believe_v and_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o they_o that_o shall_v receive_v they_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v to_o shake_v off_o the_o dust_n of_o their_o foot_n against_o they_o but_o not_o to_o call_v for_o fire_n from_o heaven_n to_o destroy_v they_o nor_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o obedience_n by_o the_o sword_n in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o power_n but_o of_o persuasion_n he_o send_v they_o out_o as_o sheep_n unto_o wolf_n not_o as_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n they_o have_v not_o in_o commission_n to_o make_v law_n but_o to_o obey_v and_o teach_v obedience_n to_o law_n make_v and_o consequent_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o write_n obligatory_a canon_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o sovereign_n civil_a power_n and_o therefore_o the_o scripture_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v there_o only_a law_n where_o the_o lawful_a civil_a power_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o there_o also_o the_o king_n or_o sovereign_n make_v it_o a_o law_n to_o himself_o by_o which_o he_o subject_v himself_o not_o to_o the_o doctor_n or_o apostle_n that_o convert_v he_o but_o to_o god_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n jesus_n christ_n as_o immediate_o as_o do_v the_o apostle_n themselves_o that_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o give_v the_o new_a testament_n in_o respect_n of_o law_n those_o that_o have_v embrace_v christian_a doctrine_n the_o force_n of_o law_n in_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o persecution_n be_v the_o decree_n they_o make_v among_o themselves_o in_o their_o synod_n for_o we_o read_v act_n 15._o 28._o the_o stile_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o apostle_n the_o elder_n and_o the_o whole_a church_n in_o this_o manner_n it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o we_o to_o lay_v upon_o you_o no_o great_a burden_n than_o these_o necessary_a thing_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o stile_n that_o signify_v a_o power_n to_o lay_v a_o burden_n on_o they_o that_o have_v receive_v their_o doctrine_n now_o to_o lay_v a_o burden_n on_o another_o seem_v the_o same_o that_o to_o oblige_v and_o therefore_o the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n be_v law_n to_o the_o than_o christian_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v no_o more_o law_n than_o be_v these_o other_o precept_n repent_v be_v baptise_a keep_v the_o commandment_n believe_v the_o gospel_n come_v unto_o i_o sell_v all_o that_o thou_o have_v give_v it_o to_o the_o poor_a and_o follow_v i_o which_o be_v not_o command_n but_o invitation_n and_o calling_n of_o man_n to_o christianity_n like_o that_o of_o isaiah_n 55._o 1._o ho_o every_o man_n that_o thir●…teth_v come_v you_o to_o the_o water_n come_v and_o buy_v wine_n and_o milk_n without_o money_n for_o first_o the_o apostle_n power_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o our_o saviour_n to_o invite_v man_n to_o embrace_v the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n which_o they_o themselves_o acknowledge_v for_o a_o kingdom_n not_o present_a but_o to_o come_v and_o they_o that_o have_v no_o kingdom_n can_v make_v no_o law_n and_o second_o if_o their_o act_n of_o council_n be_v law_n they_o can_v not_o without_o sin_n be_v disobey_v but_o we_o read_v
example_n of_o impunity_n extenuate_v praemeditation_n aggravate_v tacite_fw-la approbation_n of_o the_o sovereign_n extenuate_v comparison_n of_o crime_n from_o their_o effect_n laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la bribery_n and_o false_a testimony_n depeculation_n counterfeit_v authority_n crime_n against_o private_a man_n compare_v public_a crime_n what_o the_o definition_n of_o punishment_n right_o to_o punish_v whence_o derive_v private_a injury_n and_o revenge_n no_o punishment_n nor_o denial_n of_o preferment_n nor_o pain_n inflict_v without_o public_a hear_n nor_o pain_n inflict_v by_o usurp_v power_n nor_o pain_n inflict_v without_o respect_n to_o to_o the_o future_a good_a natural_a evil_a consequence_n no_o punishment_n hurt_a inflict_v if_o less_o than_o the_o benefit_n of_o transgress_v be_v not_o punishment_n where_o the_o punishment_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o law_n a_o great_a hurt_n be_v not_o punishment_n but_o 〈◊〉_d hurt_a inflict_v for_o a_o fact_n do_v before_o the_o law_n no_o punishment_n the_o representative_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n unpunishable_a hurt_a to_o revolt_a subject_n be_v do_v by_o right_a of_o war_n not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n punishment_n corporal_a capital_a ignominy_n imprisonment_n exile_n the_o punishment_n of_o innocent_a subject_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o harm_n do_v to_o innocent_n in_o war_n not_o so_o nor_o that_o which_o be_v do_v to_o declare_a rebel_n reward_n be_v either_o salary_n or_o grace_n benefit_n bestow_v for_o fear_n be_v not_o reward_n salary_n certain_a and_o casual_a dissolution_n of_o commonwealth_n proceed_v from_o their_o imperfect_a institution_n want_v of_o absolute_a power_n private_a judgement_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a erroneous_a conscience_n pretence_n of_o inspiration_n subject_v the_o sovereign_a power_n to_o civil_a law_n attribute_v of_o absolute_a propri●…ty_n to_o 〈◊〉_d divide_v of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n imitatio●…_n of_o neighbour_n natiou●…_n imitation_n of_o the_o gre●…ks_n and_o roman_n mix_v government_n want_v of_o mony_n monopoly_n and_o abuse_n of_o publican_n popular_a man_n excessive_a greatness_n of_o a_o ●…own_n multitude_n of_o corporation_n liberty_n of_o dispute_v against_o sovereign_a power_n dissolution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o procuration_n of_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n by_o instr●…ction_n &_o law_n against_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o sovereign_a to_o relinquish_v any_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n or_o not_o to_o se●…_n the_o people_n teach_v the_o ground_n of_o they_o objection_n of_o those_o that_o say_v there_o be_v no_o principle_n of_o reason_n for_o absolute_a soveraig●…ty_n objection_n from_o the_o incapacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a subject_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v not_o to_o affect_v change_n of_o government_n nor_o adhere_v against_o the_o sovereign_n to_o popular_a man_n nor_o to_o dispute_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o to_o have_v day_n set_v apart_o to_o learn_v their_o duty_n and_o to_o honour_v their_o parent_n and_o to_o avoid_v do_v of_o injury_n and_o to_o do_v all_o this_o sincere_o from_o the_o heart_n the_o use_n of_o u●…iversities_n equal_a ●…xes_n public_a charity_n 〈◊〉_d of_o idleness_n go●…_n lawe●…_n wh●…t_n such_o as_o be_v necessary_a such_o as_o be_v perspicuous_a punishment_n reward_n counselor_n commander_n the_o scope_n of_o the_o follow_a chapter_n psal._n 96_o 1._o psal._n 98._o 1._o who_o be_v subject_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n a_o threefold_a word_n of_o god_n reason_n revelation_n proph●…y_n a_o twofold_a kingdom_n of_o god_n natural_a and_o prophetic_a the_o right_n of_o god_n sovereignty_n be_v derive_v from_o his_o omnipotence_n sin_n not_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o affliction_n psal._n 72._o ver_n 1_o 2_o 3._o job_n 38._o v_o 4._o divine_a law_n honour_n and_o worship_n what_o several_a sign_n of_o honour_n worship_n natural_a and_o arbitrary_a worship_n command_v and_o free_n worship_n public_a and_o private_a the_o end_n of_o worship_n attribute_n of_o divine_a honour_n action_n that_o be_v sign_n of_o divine_a honour_n public_a worship_n consist_v in_o uniformity_n all_o attribute_n depend_v on_o the_o law_n civil_a not_o all_o action_n natural_a punishment_n the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o word_n of_o god_n deliver_v by_o prophet_n be_v the_o mainprinciple_n of_o christian_a politic_n yet_o be_v not_o natural_a reason_n to_o be_v renounce_v what_o it_o be_v to_o captivate_v the_o understanding_n how_o god_n speak_v to_o man_n by_o what_o mark_n prophet_n be_v know_v 1_o king_n 22._o 1_o king_n 13._o deut._n 13._o v_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5._o mat._n 24._o 24._o gal._n 1._o 8._o the_o mark_n of_o a_o prophet_n in_o the_o old_a law_n miracle_n and_o doctrine_n conformable_a to_o the_o law_n miracle_n cease_v prophet_n cease_v and_o the_o scripture_n supply_v their_o place_n of_o the_o book_n of_o holy_a scripture_n their_o antiquity_n the_o penta●…_n not_o write_v by_o moses_n deut._n 31._o 9_o deut._n 31._o 26._o 2_o king_n 22._o 8._o &_o 23._o 1_o 2_o 3._o the_o book_n of_o joshua_n write_v after_o his_o time_n josh._n 4._o 9_o josh._n 5._o 9_o josh._n 7._o 26._o the_o book_n of_o judge_n and_o ruth_n write_v long_o after_o the_o captivity_n the_o like_a of_o the_o book_n of_o samuel_n 2_o sam._n 6._o 4._o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o chronicle_n ezra_n and_o nehemiah_n esther_n job_n the_o psalter_n the_o proverb_n ecclesiaste_n and_o the_o canticle_n the_o prophet_n the_o new_a testament_n their_o scope_n the_o question_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o scripture_n state_v their_o authority_n and_o interpretation_n body_n and_o spirit_n how_o take_v in_o the_o scripture_n the_o spirit_n of_o god_n take_v in_o the_o scripture_n sometime_o for_o a_o wind_n or_o breath_n second_o for_o extraordinary_a gift_n of_o the_o understanding_n three_o for_o extraordinary_a affection_n four_o for_o the_o gift_n of_o prediction_n by_o dream_n and_o vision_n fif●…ly_o for_o life_n six_o for_o a_o subordination_n to_o authority_n seven_o for_o aerial_a body_n angel_n what_o inspiration_n what_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n take_v by_o divine_n metaphorical_o but_o in_o the_o scripture_n proper_o the_o original_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n be_v proper_o his_o civil_a sovereignty_n over_o a_o peculiar_a people_n by_o pact_n holy_a what_o sacred_a what_o degree_n of_o sanctity_n sacrament_n word_n what_o the_o word_n speak_v by_o god_n and_o concern_v god_n both_o be_v call_v god_n be_v word_n in_o scripture_n 1_o tim._n 4._o 1._o the_o word_n of_o god_n metaphorical_o use_v first_o for_o the_o decree_n and_o power_n of_o god_n second_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o word_n act_n 1._o 4._o luke_n 24._o 49._o three_o for_o the_o word_n of_o reason_n and_o equity_n divers_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n prophet_n predication_n of_o future_a contingent_n not_o always_o prophecy_n the_o manner_n how_o god_n have_v speak_v to_o the_o prophet_n to_o the_o extraordinary_a prophet_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n he_o speak_v by_o dream_n or_o vision_n to_o prophet_n of_o perpetual_a call_v and_o supreme_a god_n speak_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n from_o the_o mercy_n seat_n in_o a_o manner_n not_o express_v in_o the_o scripture_n to_o prophet_n of_o perpetual_a call_v but_o subordinate_a god_n speak_v by_o the_o spirit_n ●…od_a sometime_o also_o speak_v by_o lot_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o examine_v the_o probability_n of_o a_o pretend_a prophet_n call_v all_o prophecy_n but_o of_o the_o sovereign_a prophet_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o every_o subject_a a_o miracle_n be_v a_o work_n that_o cause_v admiration_n and_o must_v therefore_o be_v rare_a and_o whereof_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a cause_n know_v that_o which_o seem_v a_o miracle_n to_o one_o man_n may_v seem_v otherwise_o to_o another_o the_o end_n of_o miracle_n exo._n 4._o 1_o etc._n etc._n the_o definition_n of_o a_o miracle_n exod._n 7._o 11._o exod._n 7._o 22._o exod._n 8._o 7._o that_o man_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v by_o false_a miracle_n caution_n against_o the_o imposture_n of_o miracle_n the_o place_n of_o adam_n eternity_n if_o he_o have_v not_o sin_v have_v be_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n gen._n 3._o 22._o text_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o life_n eternal_a for_o believer_n ascension_n into_o heaven_n the_o place_n after_o judgement_n of_o those_o who_o be_v never_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v in_o be_v cast_v out_o tartarus_n the_o congregation_n of_o giant_n lake_n of_o fire_n utter_a darkness_n gehenna_n and_o tophet_n of_o the_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n concern_v hell_n satan_n devil_n not_o proper_a name_n but_o appellative_n torment_n of_o hell_n apoc._n 20._o 13_o 14._o the_o joy_n of_o life_n eternal_a and_o salvation_n the_o same_o thing_n salvation_n from_o sin_n and_o from_o misery_n all_o one_o the_o place_n of_o eternal_a salvation_n 2_o pet._n 2._o 5._o 2_o pet._n 3._o 13._o
all_o write_a law_n that_o may_v concern_v his_o own_o future_a action_n the_o legislator_n know_v and_o the_o law_n either_o by_o writing_n or_o by_o power_n the_o light_n of_o nature_n sufficient_o publish_v there_o want_v yet_o another_o very_a material_a circumstance_n to_o make_v they_o obligatory_a for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o letter_n but_o the_o intendment_n or_o mean_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o authentic_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o legislator_n in_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v and_o therefore_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o law_n depend_v on_o the_o authority_n sovereign_a and_o the_o interpreter_n can_v be_v none_o but_o those_o which_o the_o sovereign_n to_o who_o only_o the_o subject_n owe_v obedience_n shall_v appoint_v for_o else_o by_o the_o craft_n of_o a_o interpreter_n the_o law_n may_v be_v make_v to_o bear_v a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o sovereign_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o interpreter_n become_v the_o legislator_n all_o law_n write_v and_o unwritten_a have_v need_n of_o interpretation_n interpretation_n the_o unwritten_a law_n of_o nature_n though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o such_o as_o without_o partiality_n and_o passion_n make_v use_n of_o their_o natural_a reason_n and_o therefore_o leave_v the_o violater_n thereof_o without_o excuse_n yet_o consider_v there_o be_v very_o few_o perhaps_o none_o that_o in_o some_o case_n be_v not_o blind_v by_o self_n love_n or_o some_o other_o passion_n it_o be_v now_o become_v of_o all_o law_n the_o most_o obscure_a and_o have_v consequent_o the_o great_a need_n of_o able_a interpreter_n the_o write_a law_n if_o they_o be_v short_a be_v easy_o misinterpret_v from_o the_o divers_a signification_n of_o a_o word_n or_o two_o if_o long_o they_o be_v more_o obscure_a by_o the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o many_o word_n in_o so_o much_o as_o no_o write_a law_n deliver_v in_o few_o or_o many_o word_n can_v be_v well_o understand_v without_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o which_o the_o law_n be_v make_v the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o final_a cause_n be_v in_o the_o legislator_n to_o he_o therefore_o there_o can_v not_o be_v any_o knot_n in_o the_o law_n insoluble_a either_o by_o find_v out_o the_o end_n to_o undo_v it_o by_o or_o else_o by_o make_v what_o end_v he_o will_v as_o alexander_n do_v with_o his_o sword_n in_o the_o gordian_a knot_n by_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o no_o other_o interpreter_n can_v do_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n writer_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o book_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n the_o authority_n of_o writer_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n make_v not_o their_o opinion_n law_n be_v they_o never_o so_o true_a that_o which_o i_o have_v write_v in_o this_o treatise_n concern_v the_o moral_a virtue_n and_o of_o their_o necessity_n for_o the_o procure_n and_o maintain_v peace_n though_o it_o be_v evident_a truth_n be_v not_o therefore_o present_o law_n but_o because_o in_o all_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o though_o it_o be_v natural_o reasonable_a yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o it_o be_v law_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n unwritten_a law_n whereof_o we_o see_v so_o many_o volume_n publish_v and_o in_o they_o so_o many_o contradiction_n of_o one_o another_o and_o of_o themselves_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o case_n judge_n constitute_v by_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v such_o controversy_n as_o depend_v thereon_o and_o consist_v in_o the_o application_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o present_a case_n for_o in_o the_o act_n of_o judicature_n the_o judge_n do_v no_o more_o but_o consider_v whither_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o party_n be_v consonant_n to_o natural_a reason_n and_o equity_n and_o the_o sentence_n he_o give_v be_v therefore_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o interpretation_n be_v authentic_a not_o because_o it_o be_v his_o private_a sentence_n but_o because_o he_o give_v it_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o sovereign_n whereby_o it_o become_v the_o sovereign_n sentence_n which_o be_v law_n for_o that_o time_n to_o the_o party_n plead_v but_o because_o there_o be_v no_o judge_n subordinate_a nor_o sovereign_n but_o may_v after_o err_v in_o a_o judgement_n of_o equity_n if_o afterward_o in_o another_o like_a case_n he_o find_v it_o more_o consonant_a to_o equity_n to_o give_v a_o contrary_a sentence_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o no_o man_n error_n become_v his_o own_o law_n nor_o oblige_v he_o to_o persist_v in_o it_o neither_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n become_v it_o a_o law_n to_o other_o judge_n though_o swear_v to_o follow_v it_o for_o though_o a_o wrong_a sentence_n give_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o sovereign_n if_o he_o know_v and_o allow_v it_o in_o such_o law_n as_o be_v mutable_a be_v a_o constitution_n of_o a_o new_a law_n in_o case_n in_o which_o every_o little_a circumstance_n be_v the_o same_o yet_o in_o law_n immutable_a such_o as_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v no_o law_n to_o the_o same_o or_o other_o judge_n in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o ever_o after_o prince_n succeed_v one_o another_o and_o one_o judge_n pass_v another_o come_v nay_o heaven_n and_o earth_n shall_v pass_v but_o not_o one_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shall_v pass_v for_o it_o be_v the_o eternal_a law_n of_o god_n therefore_o all_o the_o sentence_n of_o precedent_a judge_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v can_v all_o together_a make_v a_o law_n contrary_n to_o natural_a equity_n nor_o any_o example_n of_o former_a judge_n can_v warrant_v a_o unreasonable_a sentence_n or_o discharge_v the_o present_a judge_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o study_v what_o 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