death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n and_o ask_v he_o with_o what_o confidence_n he_o dare_v invade_v his_o prerogative_n by_o assume_v the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n without_o his_o authority_n sir_n tudor_n reply_v that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o king_n arthur_n he_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o take_v upon_o himself_o that_o title_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v those_o three_o qualification_n which_o whosoever_o be_v endue_v with_o can_v by_o those_o law_n claim_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o knight_n 1._o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n 2._o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n and_o 3._o he_o be_v valiant_a and_o adventurous_a add_v this_o withal_o if_o my_o valour_n and_o hardiness_n be_v doubt_v of_o lo_o here_o i_o throw_v down_o my_o glove_n and_o for_o due_a proof_n of_o my_o courage_n i_o be_o ready_a to_o fight_v with_o any_o man_n whatever_o he_o be_v the_o king_n appprove_v and_o like_v well_o the_o man_n forwardness_n and_o resolution_n be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o he_o from_o this_o sir_n tudor_n lineal_o descend_v henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n the_o son_n of_o sir_n owen_n tudor_n son_n to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o this_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gono_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n richard_z bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n be_v but_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o havering_n at_o bower_n on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o november_n and_o in_o the_o a.d._n 1377_o 50th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o his_o grandfather_n reign_n who_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n henry_n bear_v at_o monmouth_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n in_o the_o one_a year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o westminster_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o english_a crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o whilst_o richard_n the_o second_o reign_v one_o owen_z ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi fychan_n descend_v of_o a_o young_a son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n be_v not_o a_o little_a famous_a this_o owen_n have_v his_o education_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inns-of-court_n where_o he_o become_v barister_n at_o law_n and_o afterward_o in_o very_o great_a favour_n and_o credit_n serve_v king_n richard_n and_o continue_v with_o he_o at_o flint_n castle_n till_o at_o length_n the_o king_n be_v take_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n betwixt_o this_o owen_n and_o reginald_n lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a difference_n touch_v a_o common_a lie_v between_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n whereof_o reginald_n be_v owner_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o glyndowrdwy_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o owen_n whence_o he_o borrow_v the_o name_n of_o glyndwr_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o owen_n as_o be_v a_o courtier_n and_o in_o no_o mean_a esteem_n with_o the_o king_n do_v overpower_v reginald_n who_o be_v neither_o so_o well_o befriend_v at_o court_n nor_o belove_v in_o the_o country_n as_o owen_n be_v but_o after_o king_n richard_n deposal_n the_o scene_n be_v alter_v and_o reginald_n as_o then_o better_o befriend_v than_o owen_n enter_v upon_o the_o common_a which_o occasion_v owen_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o make_v his_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o he_o for_o thus_o divest_v he_o of_o his_o right_n no_o redress_n be_v find_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n wish_v the_o lord_n to_o take_v care_n that_o by_o thus_o slight_v his_o complaint_n they_o do_v not_o irritate_fw-la and_o provoke_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o insurrection_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n reply_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fear_v those_o rascally_a barefooted_n people_n glyndwr_n therefore_o perceive_v how_o his_o petition_n be_v slight_v in_o parliament_n and_o find_v no_o other_o method_n to_o redress_v himself_o have_v several_a friend_n and_o follower_n put_v himself_o in_o arm_n against_o reginald_n and_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o field_n overcome_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o spoil_v his_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n upon_o this_o many_o resort_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n of_o wales_n some_o think_v he_o to_o be_v in_o as_o great_a favour_n now_o as_o in_o king_n richard_n day_n other_o put_v in_o his_o head_n that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v come_v when_o the_o britain_n by_o his_o mean_n may_v again_o recover_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o reginald_n be_v thus_o keep_v prisoner_n and_o very_o severe_o handle_v by_o owen_n to_o terrify_v he_o into_o compliance_n with_o he_o in_o his_o rebellious_a act_n and_o not_o permit_v to_o have_v his_o liberty_n under_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n whereof_o six_o thousand_o to_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n martin_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o elder_a son_n with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o hostage_n for_o the_o remainder_n the_o king_n at_o the_o humble_a suit_n of_o reginald_n see_v no_o other_o way_n for_o his_o enlargement_n give_v way_n thereto_o authorise_v sir_n william_n de_fw-fr roos_n sir_n richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n sir_n william_n de_fw-fr willughby_n sir_n william_n le_fw-fr zouche_n sir_n hugh_n huls_n as_o also_o john_n harvey_n william_n vaus_n john_n lee_n john_n langford_n thomas_n payne_n and_o john_n elnestow_v to_o treat_v with_o owen_n and_o his_o council_n and_o to_o conclude_v in_o what_o they_o shall_v conceive_v most_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v for_o his_o redemption_n whereupon_o they_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o sum_n demand_v by_o glyndwr_n for_o his_o deliverance_n the_o king_n give_v licence_n to_o robert_n braybroke_n bishop_n of_o london_n as_o also_o to_o sir_n gerard_n braybroke_n the_o father_n and_o sir_n gerard_n the_o son_n than_o feoffee_n of_o divers_a lordship_n for_o this_o reginald_n to_o sell_v the_o manor_n of_o hertelegh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n towards_o the_o raise_n of_o that_o money_n and_o for_o the_o better_a enable_v he_o to_o pay_v so_o great_a a_o fine_a the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o whereas_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o such_o person_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n in_o ireland_n and_o do_v not_o there_o reside_v shall_v for_o such_o their_o neglect_n forfeit_v two_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n that_o notwithstanding_o this_o act_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v nothing_o for_o nonresidence_n there_o during_o the_o term_n of_o six_o year_n next_o ensue_v this_o good_a success_n over_o the_o lord_n grace_n together_o with_o the_o numerous_a resort_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o he_o and_o the_o favourable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merdhyn_n which_o some_o construe_v very_o advantagioussy_a make_v the_o swell_a mind_n of_o glyndwr_n overflow_v its_o bank_n and_o give_v he_o some_o hope_n of_o restore_v this_o island_n back_o to_o the_o britain_n wherefore_o he_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n who_o meet_v he_o with_o a_o numerous_a party_n of_o hereford-shire_n man_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o close_v the_o welshman_n prove_v too_o powerful_a and_o have_v kill_v above_o a_o thousand_o man_n of_o the_o english_a they_o take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n king_n henry_n upon_o this_o be_v frequent_o request_v to_o ransom_n the_o earl_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n for_o whether_o by_o reason_n that_o mortimer_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o himself_o he_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n in_o blood_n after_o king_n richard_n who_o be_v as_o yet_o live_v or_o because_o of_o some_o other_o private_a odium_fw-la the_o king_n will_v
for_o to_o charge_v any_o one_o with_o insincerity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a vogue_n and_o sentiment_n of_o the_o world_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n a_o great_a argument_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n than_o of_o solid_a and_o judicious_a reason_v now_o the_o great_a reason_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o why_o the_o british_a history_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o invention_n of_o geoffrey_n be_v that_o almost_o upon_o its_o first_o appearance_n in_o the_o world_n william_n of_o newborough_n and_o geraldus_fw-la cambrensis_fw-la exclaim_v against_o it_o and_o seem_v to_o lay_v the_o whole_a imposture_n to_o the_o charge_n of_o geoffrey_n the_o word_n of_o newborough_n be_v these_o at_o contra_fw-la quidem_fw-la speak_v before_o of_o gildas_n nostris_fw-la temporibus_fw-la pro_fw-la expiandis_fw-la his_fw-la britonum_fw-la maculis_fw-la scriptor_n emersit_fw-la ridicula_fw-la de_fw-la iisdem_fw-la figmenta_fw-la contexens_fw-la eosque_fw-la longè_fw-la supra_fw-la virtutem_fw-la macedonum_fw-la &_o romanorum_fw-la impudenti_fw-la vanitate_fw-la attollens_fw-la gaufridus_n hic_fw-la dictus_fw-la est_fw-la agnomen_fw-la habens_fw-la arturi_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la fabulas_fw-la de_fw-la arturo_n ex_fw-la priscis_fw-la britonum_fw-la figmentis_fw-la sumptas_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la proprio_fw-la auctas_fw-la per_fw-la superductum_fw-la latini_n sermonis_fw-la colorem_fw-la honesto_fw-la historiae_fw-la nomine_fw-la palliavit_fw-la qui_fw-la etiam_fw-la majori_fw-la ausu_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la merlini_n divinationes_fw-la fallacissimas_fw-la quibus_fw-la utique_fw-la de_fw-la proprio_fw-la plurimum_fw-la adjecit_fw-la dum_fw-la eas_fw-la in_o latinum_fw-la transfunderet_fw-la tanquam_fw-la authenicas_fw-la &_o immobili_fw-la veritate_fw-la subnixas_fw-la prophetias_fw-la vulgavit_fw-la from_o this_o passage_n it_o be_v apprehend_v that_o newborough_n think_v that_o the_o british_a history_n be_v sole_o owe_v to_o the_o contrivance_n and_o invention_n of_o geoffrey_n whereas_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o only_a thing_n he_o lay_v to_o geoffrey_n charge_n be_v that_o he_o augment_v and_o of_o his_o own_o head_n make_v addition_n to_o the_o copy_n he_o receive_v and_o see_v that_o newborough_n express_o mention_n geoffrey_n translate_n into_o latin_a some_o ancient_a figment_n of_o the_o britain_n concern_v king_n arthur_n and_o unwarrantable_o add_v to_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o be_v never_o take_v geoffrey_n to_o be_v the_o contriver_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o what_o he_o publish_v otherwise_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o such_o a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o that_o history_n will_v conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o truth_n and_o authority_n of_o it_o beside_o newborough_n throughout_o his_o whole_a preface_n wherein_o be_v endeavour_n to_o invallidate_n and_o render_v the_o british_a history_n fabulous_a chief_o insist_o upon_o the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n not_o a_o word_n of_o brutus_n and_o his_o trojan_n which_o tho'_o â—ince_n account_v as_o notorious_a a_o piece_n of_o romance_n â—â—s_o any_o at_o all_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v faith_n to_o swallow_v indeed_o the_o passage_n in_o king_n arthur_n life_n and_o â—he_v prophecy_n of_o merlin_n tend_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v too_o great_a and_o extravagant_a â—o_o be_v credit_v by_o he_o who_o by_o his_o character_n of_o â—hem_n seem_v to_o have_v bear_v but_o very_o slender_a affection_n towards_o the_o welsh_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o derogated_a much_o from_o the_o fame_n and_o valour_n of_o â—he_n saxon_n so_o that_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o the_o odium_n which_o newborough_n bear_v to_o geoffreyâ—nd_v â—nd_z his_o history_n depend_v more_o upon_o national_a honour_n and_o reputation_n than_o the_o truth_n and_o sincerity_n of_o history_n for_o sure_o he_o can_v never_o be_v 〈◊〉_d warm_o exasperate_v against_o a_o fabulous_a history_n â—ad_n he_o but_o the_o candour_n to_o consult_v his_o own_o unless_o here_o have_v be_v some_o other_o motive_n to_o raise_v and_o foâ—ent_v his_o passion_n as_o to_o the_o scurrilous_a language_n â—e_n cast_v upon_o the_o british_a history_n and_o his_o unmannerly_a treatment_n of_o the_o translator_n he_o therein_o â—xpresses_v his_o ignorance_n and_o malice_n rather_o than_o â—ny_v love_n and_o regard_v to_o truth_n and_o ingenuity_n â—or_a who_o but_o a_o ignorant_a and_o a_o unskilful_a preâ—â—nder_n will_v confident_o assert_v the_o britain_n never_n use_v any_o metropolitan_o or_o archbishop_n and_o will_v â—â—oduce_v this_o as_o a_o invincible_a argument_n for_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n whereas_o it_o be_v notorious_o manifest_a that_o the_o britain_n have_v their_o archbishop_n long_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o augustine_n the_o monk_n who_o newborough_n pretend_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o undergo_v that_o dignity_n in_o this_o island_n but_o as_o his_o argument_n against_o geoffrey_n history_n be_v weak_a and_o invalid_a and_o his_o whole_a preface_n more_o a_o invective_n than_o a_o confutation_n so_o his_o credit_n shall_v be_v reject_v and_o undervalue_v for_o charge_v another_o history_n with_o falsehood_n when_o his_o own_o seem_v whole_o interweave_v with_o ridiculous_a legend_n and_o monkish_a fiction_n but_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o newborough_n dislike_n of_o the_o british_a history_n what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v from_o the_o above_o quote_v passage_n more_o than_o that_o geoffrey_n make_v addition_n to_o the_o british_a copy_n be_v receive_v of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n and_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o may_v easy_o and_o safe_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n and_o the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n the_o main_a subject_n of_o newborough_n discontent_n may_v probable_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o history_n by_o geoffrey_n at_o least_o they_o be_v augment_v and_o several_a tradition_n be_v add_v by_o he_o bale_n assure_v we_o that_o he_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n arthur_n in_o a_o distinct_a treatise_n and_o himself_o own_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o four_o book_n which_o comprehend_v the_o prophecy_n of_o merlin_n that_o upon_o the_o request_n of_o alexander_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n he_o have_v translate_v merlyn_n prophecy_n out_o of_o british_a into_o latin_a before_o the_o british_a copy_n come_v to_o his_o hand_n now_o when_o geoffrey_n have_v receive_v the_o manuscript_n from_o the_o archdeacon_n and_o be_v engage_v in_o translate_n it_o into_o latin_a it_o be_v no_o strange_a matter_n to_o imagine_v that_o as_o occasion_v require_v he_o may_v amplify_v and_o add_v to_o it_o out_o of_o his_o former_a tract_n fâ—â—_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o several_a thing_n concern_v arthur_n and_o merlin_n may_v be_v preserueâ—_n in_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n which_o be_v long_o ago_o obsolete_a among_o the_o britain_n of_o armorica_n from_o whence_o the_o british_a copy_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v over_o but_o suppose_v that_o newborough_n have_v attribute_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o british_a history_n to_o geoffrey_n which_o be_v evident_a he_o do_v not_o his_o authority_n can_v balance_v with_o far_o more_o authentic_a historian_n such_o as_o h._n huntingdon_n r._n hovedon_n matthew_n of_o westminster_n and_o other_o but_o more_o particular_o matthew_z paris_n who_o in_o express_a term_n call_v geoffrey_n 1151._o ad_fw-la ann._n 1151._o the_o faithful_a translator_n of_o the_o british_a history_n and_o see_v then_o that_o it_o be_v in_o those_o time_n apprehend_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a manuscript_n and_o none_o of_o geoffrey_n contrivance_n when_o the_o cheat_n may_v he_o best_o discover_v and_o there_o want_v not_o good_a inclination_n to_o detect_v so_o notorious_a a_o forgery_n how_o in_o these_o latter_a time_n it_o can_v be_v so_o lucky_o find_v out_o that_o geoffrey_n be_v the_o sole_a inventor_n and_o composer_n of_o the_o history_n i_o can_v possible_o divine_v the_o other_o reason_n 7._o camb._n descript_n cap._n 7._o why_o geoffrey_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o british_a history_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o passage_n in_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o speak_v of_o the_o etymology_n of_o wales_n reject_v the_o denomination_n of_o it_o from_o either_o duke_n wallo_n or_o queen_n wendolen_n sicut_fw-la fabulosa_fw-la galfredi_n arturi_fw-la mentitur_fw-la historia_fw-la now_o this_o be_v think_v a_o invincible_a argument_n against_o geoffrey_n and_o a_o palpable_a detection_n of_o his_o insincerity_n since_o giraldus_n his_o own_o countryman_n strike_v at_o he_o and_o accuse_v he_o of_o forgery_n whereas_o upon_o nice_a examination_n we_o may_v easy_o discover_v how_o that_o giraldus_n quarrel_v only_o with_o the_o history_n which_o geoffrey_n publish_v and_o which_o upon_o that_o account_n bear_v his_o name_n for_o have_v giraldus_n though_o it_o to_o be_v only_o a_o contrivance_n of_o geoffrey_n have_v he_o suspect_v that_o geoffrey_n false_o pretend_v to_o have_v receive_v a_o ancient_a british_a manuscript_n and_o by_o
irish_a do_v not_o primary_o derive_v their_o character_n from_o the_o britain_n for_o though_o the_o british_a language_n â—he_v now_o write_v in_o a_o different_a character_n from_o the_o irish_a and_o saxon_a yet_o upon_o ancient_a british_a monument_n and_o inscription_n most_o of_o the_o saxon_a letter_n different_a from_o the_o present_a roman_a alphabet_n be_v plain_o to_o be_v see_v nor_o be_v this_o character_n original_o british_n the_o same_o be_v use_v in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n 345._o de_fw-fr re_fw-mi diplo_fw-mi p._n 345._o if_o we_o can_v lay_v any_o stress_n on_o julius_n cesar_n will_n and_o testament_n represent_v by_o mabillon_n but_o far_a yet_o if_o the_o irish_a character_n be_v original_o saxon_n the_o saxon_n must_v either_o bring_v it_o along_o with_o they_o from_o germany_n or_o else_o they_o must_v have_v invent_v it_o after_o their_o arrival_n and_o settlement_n in_o britain_n if_o the_o first_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v quite_o lose_v and_o forget_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n unlese_v we_o can_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o that_o they_o to_o a_o man_n come_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o island_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o not_o only_o the_o german_n but_o the_o swede_n and_o dane_n too_o use_v the_o latin_a character_n which_o if_o we_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v but_o late_o borrow_v yet_o in_o all_o probability_n their_o former_a letter_n be_v gothick_n or_o runick_n to_o which_o the_o saxon_a bear_v no_o great_a resemblance_n but_o if_o â—t_a be_v say_v that_o the_o saxon_n invent_v this_o character_n after_o their_o come_n to_o britain_n i_o can_v well_o conceive_v why_o they_o shall_v put_v themselves_o to_o such_o unnecessary_a trouble_n when_o with_o far_o great_a ease_n and_o facility_n they_o may_v copy_v and_o borrow_v from_o the_o britain_n unless_o the_o odium_fw-la betwixt_o both_o nation_n make_v they_o scorn_v to_o ape_n and_o imitate_v a_o enemy_n but_o be_v it_o so_o that_o the_o saxon_n invent_v this_o character_n in_o britain_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o letter_n nor_o learning_n before_o they_o come_v over_o and_o consequent_o that_o these_o author_n which_o bede_n mention_n to_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o can_v not_o be_v saxon_n as_o to_o the_o civil_a part_n of_o the_o british_a history_n that_o the_o transaction_n of_o state_n be_v record_v and_o that_o copy_n thereof_o come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o posterity_n we_o have_v the_o express_a testimony_n of_o nennius_n who_o flourish_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o gildas_n for_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o history_n of_o the_o britain_n he_o open_o declare_v that_o he_o compose_v his_o history_n partim_fw-la majorum_fw-la traditionibus_fw-la partim_fw-la scriptis_fw-la partim_fw-la etiam_fw-la monumentis_fw-la veterum_fw-la britanniae_fw-la incolarum_fw-la here_o nennius_n say_v that_o he_o partly_o extract_v his_o history_n out_o of_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n and_o what_o can_v these_o write_n be_v certain_o they_o be_v not_o the_o work_v of_o gildas_n the_o only_a british_a author_n we_o read_v of_o before_o nennius_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o history_n of_o nennius_n be_v much_o large_a and_o far_o more_o complete_a than_o that_o of_o gildas_n this_o latter_a beside_o the_o name_n of_o a_o few_o british_a king_n have_v leave_v nothing_o historical_a to_o posteritty_a the_o main_a it_o seem_v of_o his_o design_n be_v to_o rail_v and_o to_o inveigh_v against_o his_o country_n to_o which_o he_o have_v take_v some_o displeasure_n from_o whence_o then_o else_o can_v nennius_n extract_v the_o material_n of_o his_o history_n why_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o from_o some_o british_a record_n which_o possible_o may_v be_v recover_v since_o the_o time_n of_o gildas_n and_o if_o then_o why_o may_v not_o more_o be_v discover_v since_o nennius_n and_o that_o deliver_v to_o geoffrey_n by_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o oxon_n be_v one_o but_o beside_o that_o the_o britain_n keep_v memorial_n of_o their_o transaction_n we_o may_v rational_o gather_v from_o the_o constitution_n and_o profession_n of_o the_o bard_n diodorus_n siculus_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o bard_n sing_v to_o a_o instrument_n like_o a_o harp_n repeat_v the_o praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o some_o the_o fault_n and_o dispraise_n of_o other_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n marcellinus_n 15._o lib._n 15._o bardi_n quidem_fw-la fortia_fw-la virocum_fw-la illustrium_fw-la facta_fw-la heroicis_fw-la composita_fw-la versibus_fw-la cum_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la lyrae_fw-la modulis_fw-la cantitarunt_fw-la and_o above_o the_o rest_n lucan_n 1._o pharsal_a lib._n 1._o vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la landious_a in_fw-la longum_fw-la vates_fw-la emittitis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plutima_fw-la securi_fw-la fudistis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n but_o that_o the_o bard_n do_v not_o only_o commit_v to_o memory_n the_o famous_a deed_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o hero_n and_o so_o recite_v and_o repeat_v they_o upon_o occasion_n but_o also_o that_o they_o write_v down_o and_o record_v what_o they_o repeat_v we_o have_v the_o ample_a testimony_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la 3._o cambr._n descrip_n cap._n 3._o hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la mild_a notandum_fw-la videtur_fw-la quòd_fw-la bardi_n cambrenses_fw-la &_o cantatores_fw-la seu_fw-la recitatores_fw-la genealogiam_fw-la habent_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la principum_fw-la in_o libris_fw-la eorum_fw-la antiquis_fw-la &_o authenticis_fw-la sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la cambrice_n scriptam_fw-la eandémque_fw-la memoriter_fw-la tenent_fw-la à _fw-la roderigo_n magno_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la belinum_n magnum_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la silvium_n ascanium_n &_o æneam_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la æneâ_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la adam_n generationem_fw-la linealiter_fw-la producunt_fw-la now_o that_o the_o genealogy_n here_o mention_v by_o giraldus_n be_v not_o only_o a_o bare_a account_n of_o the_o several_a descent_n and_o succession_n of_o the_o british_a king_n but_o also_o some_o memorial_n of_o their_o life_n and_o action_n may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o abovesaid_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o bard_n and_o see_v these_o bard_n do_v preserve_v not_o only_o in_o memory_n but_o in_o write_v too_o the_o lineal_a succession_n and_o most_o famous_a transaction_n of_o their_o king_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o history_n of_o geoffrey_n may_v not_o as_o to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o pretend_v to_o great_a authority_n than_o be_v general_o attribute_v to_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o bard_n by_o a_o poetical_a liberty_n out_o do_v the_o truth_n of_o history_n in_o the_o praise_n of_o those_o prince_n they_o be_v to_o celebrate_v yet_o thus_o far_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o name_n and_o succession_n of_o the_o several_a king_n be_v real_a and_o consequent_o that_o geoffrey_n can_v never_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o so_o large_a a_o list_n of_o nickname_n as_o he_o be_v general_o think_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o history_n of_o the_o britain_n translate_v by_o geoffrey_n be_v compose_v partly_o out_o of_o these_o genealogy_n peculiar_a to_o the_o bard_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o any_o other_o record_n and_o monument_n of_o the_o britain_n both_o which_o i_o have_v show_v to_o have_v be_v preserve_v and_o use_v among_o they_o ancient_o but_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o history_n the_o first_o and_o most_o suspicious_a relation_n be_v that_o of_o the_o land_n of_o brute_n with_o a_o colony_n of_o trojan_n the_o several_a cross_n and_o encounter_v he_o sustain_v in_o his_o voyage_n and_o then_o of_o this_o island_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o he_o shall_v we_o indeed_o reflect_v upon_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o this_o story_n we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o vanity_n and_o falseness_n of_o they_o but_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o building_n be_v suspicious_a the_o foundation_n consequent_o must_v be_v fabulous_a and_o a_o perfect_a contrivance_n do_v i_o think_v deserve_v some_o better_a examination_n for_o if_o we_o do_v but_o reflect_v upon_o the_o contemporary_a history_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n those_o more_o polite_a and_o literate_a nation_n we_o may_v with_o equal_a pretence_n of_o reason_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o foundation_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o fact_n before_o the_o olympiad_n or_o that_o the_o relation_n of_o aeneas_n come_v to_o italy_n and_o all_o that_o history_n to_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n be_v altogether_o groundless_a and_o impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v intermix_v with_o fable_n and_o impossibility_n livy_n assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o transaction_n before_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n be_v rather_o owe_v to_o poetical_a fancy_n and_o extravagancy_n than_o to_o any_o true_a and_o certain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o
â—anes_n pass_v from_o thence_o to_o cambridge_n they_o meet_v â—ith_n ethelstan_n king_n edelred_n nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n who_o with_o a_o army_n be_v come_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o the_o dane_n prove_v too_o powerful_a he_o with_o many_o other_o nobleman_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o be_v duke_n oswyn_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o wolfrike_n from_o hence_o they_o pass_v through_o essex_n leave_v no_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n and_o barbarity_n unpractised_a and_o return_v lade_v with_o booty_n to_o their_o ship_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o a.d._n 1010_o thames_n but_o they_o can_v not_o contain_v themselves_o long_o in_o their_o vessel_n and_o therefore_o sally_v out_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o river_n side_n to_o oxford_n which_o they_o ransack_v over_o again_o add_v to_o their_o prey_n buckingham_n bedford_z hartford_n and_o northamptonshire_n and_o have_v accomplish_v that_o year_n cruelty_n at_o christmas_n they_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n yet_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o trent_n southward_o will_v not_o satisfy_v these_o unmerciful_a barbarian_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n a.d._n 1011_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o their_o den_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o almarez_n the_o archdeacon_n be_v condemn_v to_o blood_n and_o ash_n and_o alfegoâ—_n the_o archbishop_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n where_o he_o be_v at_o length_n most_o cruel_o put_v to_o death_n a.d._n 1012_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o land_v at_o gainesborow_n whither_o repair_v to_o he_o vthrâ—d_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o people_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o lindsey_n with_o all_o thâ—_n country_n northward_o of_o watling-street_n be_v a_o highway_n cross_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n sea_n and_o give_v their_o oath_n and_o hostage_n to_o obey_v he_o whereupon_o king_n swain_n perceive_v his_o undertake_n to_o prove_v 〈◊〉_d fortunate_a beyond_o expectation_n commit_v the_o care_n oâ—_n his_o fleet_n to_o his_o son_n cnute_n and_o march_v himself_o 〈◊〉_d to_o oxford_n and_o then_o to_o winchester_n which_o citieâ—_n whether_o for_o fear_n of_o further_a calamity_n ready_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n from_o thence_o hâ—_n march_v for_o london_n where_o king_n edelred_n then_o layâ—_n and_o which_o be_v so_o stout_o defend_v by_o the_o citizen_n that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o effect_v nothing_o against_o that_o town_n and_o therefore_o he_o direct_v his_o course_n to_o wallingforâ—_n and_o bath_n where_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o west-saxon_a yield_v he_o subjection_n the_o londoner_n too_o at_o last_o â—earing_v his_o fury_n and_o displeasure_n make_v their_o peace_n â—nd_v send_v he_o hostage_n which_o city_n be_v receive_v to_o â—ercy_n swain_n from_o that_o time_n be_v account_v king_n of_o â—ll_a england_n king_n edelred_n perceive_v all_o his_o astair_n â—n_v england_n to_o go_v against_o he_o and_o his_o authority_n and_o government_n reduce_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n have_v send_v his_o queen_n with_o his_o two_o son_n edward_n and_o alfred_n â—o_o normandy_n he_o think_v convenient_a within_o a_o while_n â—fter_o to_o follow_v himself_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n richard_n he_o have_v not_o be_v there_o â—ong_o but_o news_n arrive_v of_o the_o death_n of_o swain_n and_o that_o he_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o english_a to_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n be_v animate_v and_o comfort_v with_o this_o surprise_a news_n he_o set_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a army_n â—or_a england_n and_o land_v at_o lyndsey_n he_o cruel_o harass_v that_o province_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o have_v own_a subjection_n to_o cnute_n the_o son_n of_o swain_n who_o the_o danesâ—ad_a â—ad_z elect_a king_n in_o his_o father_n stead_n king_n cnute_n be_v at_o ipswich_n and_o certify_v of_o the_o arrival_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o the_o devastation_n of_o lyndsey_n fear_v that_o â—is_n authority_n be_v go_v down_o the_o wind_n barbarous_o cut_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o nose_n of_o all_o the_o hostage_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o english_a and_o present_o strike_v sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o whilst_o england_n be_v in_o this_o general_a confusion_n there_o fall_v out_o no_o less_o a_o storm_n in_o ireland_n for_o brian_n king_n of_o that_o island_n and_o his_o son_n murâ—th_v with_o other_o king_n of_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o â—â—rian_n join_v their_o force_n against_o sutric_n the_o son_n of_o aâ—loic_a king_n of_o dublin_n and_o mailmorda_n king_n of_o lagoâ—es_n sutric_n be_v of_o himself_o too_o weak_a to_o encounter_v so_o numerous_a a_o multitude_n hire_v all_o the_o pirate_n and_o rover_n who_o cruise_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o give_v brian_n battle_n who_o with_o his_o son_n murcath_n be_v slay_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n maihnorda_fw-mi and_o broderic_n general_n of_o the_o auxiliary_n but_o cnute_n though_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v to_o a.d._n 1013_o forsake_v england_n upon_o the_o recall_v of_o king_n edelred_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o abandon_v all_o his_o pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o next_o year_n he_o come_v to_o renew_v his_o claim_n and_o land_v with_o a_o strong_a fleet_n in_o west-â—ex_a where_o he_o exercise_v very_o great_a hostility_n to_o prevent_v his_o incursion_n edric_n and_o edmund_n bastard-son_n to_o edelred_n raise_v their_o force_n separately_z bâ—â—_n when_o both_o army_n be_v unite_v they_o dare_v not_o whâ—ther_o for_o fear_n or_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o two_o general_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_z therefore_o pass_v to_o the_o north_n and_o join_v with_o vthred_a duke_n of_o northumberland_n and_o both_o together_o descend_v and_o spoil_v stafford_n leicester_n and_o shropshire_n on_o the_o other_o side_n cnute_n march_v forcible_o through_o buckingham_n bedford_z huntingtonshire_n and_o so_o by_o stafford_n pass_v towards_o york_n whither_o vthred_n hasten_v and_o find_v 〈◊〉_d other_o remedy_n submit_v himself_o with_o all_o the_o northumbrian_n to_o cnute_n give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o what_o they_o then_o agree_v upon_o but_o nevertheless_o this_o submission_n vthr_v be_v treacherous_o slay_v not_o without_o the_o permission_n of_o cnute_n and_o hiâ—_n dukedom_n bestow_v upon_o one_o egrick_n a_o dane_n whereupon_o edmund_n leave_v they_o and_o go_v to_o his_o father_n whâ—_n lay_v sick_a at_o london_n cnute_n return_v to_o his_o ship_n present_o follow_v and_o sail_v up_o the_o thames_n towards_o london_n but_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v nigh_o the_o city_n king_n edelred_n be_v dead_a have_v prolong_v a_o long_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n for_o thirty_o seven_o year_n after_o his_o decease_n the_o english_a nobility_n choose_v his_o base_a son_n edmund_n for_o his_o eminent_a strength_n and_o hardiness_n in_o war_n surname_v ironside_n for_o their_o king_n upon_o this_o cnuâ—â—_n bring_v his_o whole_a fleet_n up_o the_o river_n to_o london_n and_o have_v cut_v a_o deep_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o town_n invest_v it_o on_o all_o side_n but_o be_v valourous_o repulse_v by_o the_o defendant_n he_o detach_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o edmund_n who_o be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o battle_n at_o proman_n by_o gillingham_n cnute_n with_o his_o dane_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o time_n and_o opportunity_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o increase_v his_o force_n cnute_n give_v edmund_n a_o second_o battle_n at_o caerstane_n but_o edric_n almar_n and_o algar_n underhand_o side_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o maintain_v the_o fight_n obstinate_o till_o night_n and_o weariness_n part_v they_o both_o army_n have_v sufficient_o suffer_v in_o this_o action_n edmund_n go_v to_o west-sex_n to_o reinforce_v himself_o and_o the_o dane_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o london_n where_o edmundâ—â—ickly_o â—â—ickly_z follow_v raise_v the_o siege_n and_o force_v cnuteâ—â—d_v â—â—d_z his_o dane_n confuse_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o â—â—ips_n and_o then_o enter_v triumphant_o into_o the_o city_n too_o day_n after_o pass_v the_o thames_n at_o brentford_n he_o â—â—ll_v upon_o the_o enemy_n back_n by_o which_o lucky_a opportunity_n obtain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n he_o return_v â—gain_o to_o raise_v recruit_n among_o the_o westsaxons_a cnute_n â—â—on_n edmund_n removal_n appear_v again_o before_o lonâ—â—n_n and_o invest_v it_o by_o land_n and_o water_n but_o all_o in_o â—â—in_n the_o besiege_v so_o manful_o and_o resolute_o defend_v themselves_o that_o it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o master_v â—â—e_z town_n before_o edmund_n can_v come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o this_o they_o present_o experience_v for_o edmund_n â—â—ter_v have_v augment_v his_o force_n cross_v again_o the_o â—hames_n