be obeyed by all Afterwards he sent William Prince of Orange with two Colleagues to the Diet in Germany to transfer the Name Title Crown and Dignity upon Ferdinand as if himself had been dead which not seeming fit to the Electors was deferred until the year 1558. in which the 4th of Feb. the day of the Nativity Coronation and other felicities of Charles the Ceremonies of the resignation being made by his Ambasadors in presence of the Electors Ferdinand was installed with the usual rites The Pope hearing this fell into an excessive rage He pretended that as the Pope's Confirmation doth make the Emperor so the resignation cannot be put into the hands of any but himself in which case it belonged to him to make what Emperor he pleased alledging that the Electors have power granted them by the Popes's favour to Elect the Emperour in place of him that is dead but not in case of resignation in which it remaineth still in the power of the Apostolick See as also to the disposition thereof are annexed all dignities resigned unto it Therefore the resignation of Charles is void and the whole authority to chuse an Emperour is devolved to him and was resolved not to acknowledg the King of the Romans for Emperor Ferdinand sent Martin Gusman his Ambassador to the Pope to give him an account of his Brothers resignation and his own assumption to testifie unto him the reverence he bare him to promise him obedience and to signifie to him that he would send a solemn Ambassage to treat of his Coronation The Pope refused to hear him and referred the discussion of the matter to the Cardinals who related for the Pope's will was they should do so that the Ambassador could not be admitted before it did appear whether the resignation of Charles were lawful and the succession of Ferdinand just For he being Elected King of the Romans and the Election confirmed by Clement to succeed after the death of the Emperor it was necessary the Empire ☜ should be void by death Besides there was a nullity in all the Acts of Francfort as made by Heretick who have 〈◊〉 authority and power Wherefore it was necessary that Ferdinand should send a Proctor and renounce whatsoever was done in that Diet and beseech the Pope that he would graciously be pleased to make good the resignation of Charles and his Assumption to the Empire by virtue of his plenary power from whom he might expect all Paternal grace and favour The Pope resolved according to this counsel and so declared himself to Gusman giving him three moneths to put it in execution beyond which time he would hear no more speech of it but himself would create a new Emperour Neither was it possible to remove him though King Philip to favour his Unckle sent Francis Vargas expresly and after him John Figaroa to entreat him Ferdinand understanding this gave order to Gusman that if within three daies after the receipt thereof he were not admitted by the Pope he should depart and protest unto him that Ferdinand together with the Electors would resolve of that which should be for the honour of the Empire Gusman desired audience again which the Pope granted in private not as to an Ambassador of the Emperor and hearing him what he had in his instructions and that which was wrote unto him from the Emperor he answered that the things considered by the Cardinals were very important and that he could not resolve on them so soon that he would send a Nuncio to the Imperial Majesty of Charles the Fifth and in the mean while if he had commission from his Master to depart he might do it and protest what he thought fit Therefore the Ambassador having made his protestation departed And although Charles died the same year the 21th of September yet it was impossible to remove the Pope from this resolution The Religion of England was much changed this year The Queen died the 17th of November and Cardinal Pool the same day which stirred up many who were not satisfied with the former Government to restore the Reformation of Edward and to separate themselves wholly from the Spaniards which they did the rather because King Philip to hold a foot in England had treated to marry Elizabeth Sister and Successor of Mary to Charles his Son and when there was little hope of the life of Mary had also cast forth divers words that he would take her for his own wife But the new Queen being wise as she shewed herself to be in all her Government did first secure the Kingdom by Oath that she would not marry a stranger and was Crowned by the Bishop of Carlisle an adherent to the Church of Rome not making any open declaration what Doctrine she would follow designing so soon as she was setled in her Government to establish it by the Counsel of Parliament and of Learned and Godly men and to make a constant reformation of the State of Religion Therefore she exhorted the chief of the Nobility who desired a change to proceed without tumult assuring them that she would not inforce any She caused presently an account to be given to the Pope of her Assumption with Letters of Credence written to Edward Cerne who was Ambassador to her Sister and was not departed from Rome ☜ But the Pope proceeding according to his usual rigour answered that England was held in Fee of the Apostolick See that she could not succeed being illegitimate that he could not contradict the declarations of Clement the Seventh and Paul the Third that it was a great boldness to assume the Name and Government without him that for this she deserved not to be heard in any thing yet being desirous to shew a Fatherly affection if she would renounce her pretensions and refer her self wholly to his free disposition he will do whatsoever may be done with the honour of the Apostolick See But the new Queen understanding the Pope's answer and wondering at the mans hasty disposition thought it not profitable either for her or the Kingdom to treat any more with him So that the cause ceasing she gave the Nobility leave to consult what was fit to be done for the service of God and quiet of the Kingdom A Disputation was held in Westminster in presence of all the States between Learned men chosen on both sides which began the last of March and lasted until the thirtieth of April and a Parliament being assembled to this end all the Edicts of Religion made by Mary were abolished those of her Brother Edward restored obedience taken away from the Pope the title of the Head of the Church of England given to the Queen the revenues of the Monasteries confifcated and assigned some to the Nobility and some to the Crown the images taken out of the Churches by the people and the Roman Religion banished Another accident happened also For in the Diet of Ausburg it appearing by the Acts of the Colloquie the year before
THE PAPACY OF Paul the Fourth OR THE RESTITUTION OF ABBY LANDS AND IMPROPRIATIONS An indispensable condition of Reconciliation to the Infallible SEE c. LONDON Printed for Richard Royston Bookseller to His most Sacred Majesty 1673. THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY The Publisher to my Lord Viscount Mountague MY LORD I Once thought to have dedicated these papers sent me by a friend to some of the most eminent of our Protestant Clergy but I considered the Romane Church had carried their interest higher by much than any other and therefore it must be singular Piety an high Self-denial and a sincere love of God that must secure their opposition to the growing greatness of Rome amongst us I therefore quitted that thought and in the next place designed to address my self to some person of great Quality of the Protestant Religion but then I considered that great â—ffices Favour and Interest with some great Men might be preferred to their concerâ—s in Abby-lands and render them cooler than cur cause requires My last refuge then was to cast this small thing into your Lordships Arms and Protection a Noble man of a great and ancient Extraction and therefore I hope not willing to exalt more than needs the dominion of the Priests Besides though your Religion be of the Romish Faith yet your dependence is not on Offices and Preferments nor can they countervail so great an Estate in Land and you may be content to be saved in the private exercise of your own Religion though the Protestant be uppermost nay much better saved than if the Church of Rome returning triumphant reduce you from an Estate in Land of ten thousand pound per annum to a Lease from an Abby of two or three hundred pounds a year which however it may exalt your Faith must undoubtedly destroy your Charity What terms you are certainly to expect if England ever submit its self to the See of Rome the Author out of whom these papers are extracted a man of unquestioned Credit and of your own Religion will inform you which your Lordship of all other persons hath reason to believe because one of your Ancestors was employed to Rome in the very Ambassy here mentioned and you must needs have amongst the papers of your Family if they are extant authentick proofs to confirm it Your LORDSHIPS most Humble Servant I. S. THE EPISLE to the READER Reader I Am abundantly satisfied that the strenuous attempts a-against the Religion of Romane Catholicks made by the zealous Assertors of the Protestant Cause do amount to but little more than an Endeavour to fortify these two Objections First that it is in not a few instances manifestly different from and repugnant to the Doctrine of our Saviour and his Apostles delivered in the New Testament Secondly that it is highly prejudicial to the Secular interest violates the due Liberty and infringes the rights of Princes and their Subjects Now how well they have quitted themselves as to the former of these Charges I leave those to determine who with an unbiassed and impartial mind have oonverst with their Writings but as to the latter thou wilt be sufficiently enabled to pass a true judgment concerning it by putting thy self to the small pains of perusing this short Narrative From hence thou wilt as throughly understand what obligation lieth upon this Kingdom especially from the consideration of its Civil interest to return into the bosome of our Holy Mother as thou wilt from the Doughty defences of of her Sons against the Assaults of her troublesome Adversaries what necessity our Consciences and the concerns of our Souls do impose upon us to persevere in our Separation Thou wilt clearly perceive by these few leaves how much Princes consult the security of their Government and advancement of their Soveraignty and Subjects the preservation of their Estates and Fortunes by their filial obedience and entire subjection to the Apostolick See And that thou mayst not have the least suspition concerning the truth of the following Narrative I assure thee I have most faithfully taken it from Father Paul a person of unquestion'd integrity and that lived and died in the Communion of the Romane Church As thou mayst be satisfied by comparing it with his relation of the Government of Pope Paul the Fourth in his exact History of the Council of Trent For which as the Christian Church is highly obliged to him upon many other accounts so particularly for the Life of this Zealous Pope in which his extraordinary kindness for two things is more especially remarkable because they seem to stand in no small need of so Great an Authority to recommend them viz. Perjury and an Inquisition Besides that we may learn from this Pope how exceedingly convenient Infallibility is for the Catholick Church when we see that it may sometimes fall out that a Pope may be but little better than a mad-man In which case Infallibility must needs be a very great Security to the Catholick Faith E. A. THE PAPACY OF PAUL The FOURTH IN the Year of our Lord One thousand five hundred fifty and five Marcellus Cervinus was Created Pope and retained his Name but having sate no more than twenty two daies died The Cardinals being assembled again in the Conclave he of Ausburg assisted by Morone made great instance that among the Capitulations which the Cardinals were to swear to one should be that the future Pope should by Counsel of the Colledg call another Synod within two years to finish the Reformation begun to determine the Controversies of Religion that remained and to find a means to cause the Councel of Trent to be received in Germany And the Colledg of the Cardinals being full it was capitulated that the Pope should not Create more than four within two years The three and twentieth day of the next moneth John Peter Caraffa who called himself Paulus Quartus was Created He took it for a great glory that the three English Ambassadors dispatched in the time of Julius entred Rome the first day of his Papacy and the first Consistory after the Coronation was publick The Ambassadors were brought into it who prostrating themselves at the Popes feet did in the name of the Kingdom acknowledg the faults committed relating them all in particular for so the Pope would have it confessing they had been ungrateful for so many benefits received from the Church and humbly craving pardon for it The Pope did pardon them took them up from the ground and embraced them and to honour their Majesties who sent them gave the title of a Kingdom to Ireland granting them this Dignity by the Authority which the Pope hath from God being placed over ☜ all Kingdoms to supplant those that are Contumacious and to build new But it did not then seem a fit time to say he had power from God to build up and overthrow Kingdoms Henry the Eighth after his separation from the Pope made Ireland a Kingdom and called himself King of England France
Emperor was in danger by God's permission because he did not what he could and ought to do to reduce Germany to the obedience of the Apostolick See that this is but a token of God's anger and that he must expect greater punishment if he take not warning by it but carrying himself as a Souldier of Christ undauntedly and without worldly respects he shall obtain all manner of Victory as the examples of the times past do demonstrate Paul being of an high spirit and vast thoughts did assure himself that he could redress all the disorders by his Papal Authority only nor had need of any Prince herein Therefore he never spake with Ambassadors but he thundred in their ears that he was above all Princes that he would not that any of them should be too domestical ☜ with him that he could change Kingdoms that he was Successor of him who hath deposed Kings and Emperors and did often repeat for a beginning of authority exercised by him that he had made Ireland a Kingdom and went on so far that in Consistory and at his Table publickly in the presence of many he said he would not ☜ have any Prince for his Companion but all Subjects under his foot so he said striking it against the ground as it is fit and as it is his will who hath built the Church and hath placed them in this degree And sometimes he would say that rather than he would do any thing basely he would die overthrow all and set the whole World on fire Paul the Fourth was naturally of a lofty mind and courage and trusted much in his knowledg and good fortune which did accompany him in all his actions whereunto the power and fortune of the Papacy being added he thought every thing was easy But two humours did flote in him by turns one which by custom to make use of Religion in all his attempts did induce him to employ his Spiritual Authority The other was put into him by Charles Caraffa his Nephew who being valiant and exercised in War made Cardinal of a Souldier did retain his martial Spirits and perswaded him to use his temporal power saying that the one without the other is despised but being joyned are instruments of great matters The circumspect old man knew well that the Spiritual is made weaker when it is manifested that there is need of the Temporal But being ever intent to make his name great sometimes he gave ear to his Nephew and sometimes he believed himself more In the end he concluded to use the Temporal secretly and the Spiritual openly that proceeding in this he might add or omit the other as he should be advised by events Therefore he treated most secretly by his Nephew with the Cardinal of Loraine a League with the French King which being almost made Loraine parted from Rome to take away suspition and the Cardinal Torrnon went thither with whom it was concluded with the same secrecy The principal Capitulation whereof was the gaining of the Kingdom of Naples for a younger Son of the King with great enlargement of the bounds of the Ecclesiastical state The Pope also that he might have a prop to lean on in both courses thought it necessary to make a promotion of Cardinals dependents on himself men of courage who would not be afraid to prosecute his designs and employ themselves in any hard enterprise He began to speak of this promotion but a few daies before he made it which grieved the Cardinals for that he would contradict the Capitulation which he had sworn The twentieth of December the Pope being entred into the Consistory said so soon as he sate down that he would not give audience to any that day because he had greater matters to propose Every one understanding by this that his meaning was to create new Cardinals the Cardinal of St. James went to his Seat to speak with him and the Pope refusing and the Cardinal not desiâ—ting he set his hand on his breast and thrust him from him All being sate the Pope began to complain of those who reported he could make but four Cardinals in regard of that which he had sworn in the Conclave and said that this was to bind the Popes authority which is absolute that it is an Article of Faith ☜ that the Pope cannot be bound and much less can bind himself that to say otherwise was manifest heresie from the guilt whereof he did absolve those that were faulty because he thought they did not speak obstinately but hereafter if any shall say the same or the like against the authority given him by God he will give order that the Inquisition shall proceed He added that he would make Cardinals and would not have any contradiction because he wanted persons for employment which he could not put upon them because every one had his proper faction that it was fit to promote men of Learning and of Exemplary life to employ them for reformation of the Church especially in the Council whereof it was high time to treat seriously which he would propose with the first occasion But now he would name unto them the persons to be promoted to the Cardinality that they having a consultive voice might put to his consideration what was for the good of the Church wherein they should be heard and that they should not believe they had a decisive voice because that belonged only to him He proposed seven persons in which number only one was his Kinsman and another of the Theatine Congregation the others were men of much fame either for Learning or for the negotiations of the Court The Cardinals were created the next Sunday before the League was concluded with France which was the 15th of that moneth At this time Cardinal Poole who for many respects of succession and to shew he was not so obliged to the Papacy would not receive Ecclesiastical Orders these causes being ceased went out of the number of the Deacon Cardinals and was ordained Priest and four moneths after the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury being burnt having been first degraded with many Ceremonies he was put into his place The people of Auâ—tria in regard of the Recess made in the Diet and of Ferdinand's declaration entred into hope that themselves also might retain liberty of Religion Therefore he having called a Diet of his Subjects to have a contribution against the Turks who made War against him they demanded permission to live in purity of Religion and to enjoy the benefit which was granted to the Confessionists and that they might not be in verse estate than other Germans and that Ministers of the Church might teach and distribute the Sacraments according to the Evangelical and Apostolical Doctrine Ferdinand answered that he could not grant their demand not for want of will to gratifie them but because he was bound to obey the Church but to yield to their desires as much as he could he was content to suspâ—nd that part of the Edict which