the_o beginning_n of_o the_o parliament_n there_o proceed_v a_o most_o exquisite_a consent_n and_o delicious_a melody_n the_o begin_n of_o which_o manner_n of_o consultation_n 2_o parliament_n hold_v long_o before_o the_o conquest_n mirror_n c._n 8_o sect_n 2_o and_o namely_o with_o we_o of_o this_o realm_n i_o see_v not_o how_o i_o can_v derive_v it_o from_o any_o other_o time_n then_o from_o that_o in_o which_o the_o german_n or_o english_a nation_n do_v set_v their_o first_o foot_n on_o this_o land_n to_o invade_v vade_v it_o for_o cornelius_n tacitus_n write_v thus_o nec_fw-la regibus_fw-la infinita_fw-la potestas_fw-la de_fw-la minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la neither_o do_v they_o together_o with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o soil_n make_v change_n of_o this_o their_o wont_a manner_n of_o deliberation_n for_o it_o be_v yet_o extant_a in_o monument_n leave_v behind_o they_o conquest_n the_o continuance_n of_o the_o 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law_n the_o preamble_n call_v those_o law_n our_o doom_n or_o judgement_n and_o the_o purveiw_n say_v we_o bid_v or_o command_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n which_o also_o may_v not_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o king_n only_o for_o honour_n sake_n as_o we_o now_o use_v to_o speak_v for_o he_o be_v there_o name_v ay_o ine_fw-mi in_o the_o singular_a only_o thus_o much_o i_o note_v once_o for_o all_o that_o i_o be_v not_o hereafter_o trouble_v to_o repeat_v the_o same_o thing_n often_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o ine_fw-mi one_o aldred_n a_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n also_o as_o he_o call_v himself_o but_o rather_o king_n of_o the_o english_a man_n and_o saxon_n as_o asserius_fw-la say_v that_o write_v his_o life_n do_v as_o he_o tell_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n gather_v together_o and_o put_v in_o writing_n certain_a ordinance_n make_v by_o wise_a man_n in_o sundry_a synod_n of_o sundry_a former_a king_n as_o namely_o ine_fw-mi aforesaid_a offa_n king_n of_o middle_a england_n and_o ethelbert_n of_o kent_n the_o first_o christen_v prince_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a nation_n which_o collection_n of_o law_n he_o also_o say_v that_o he_o show_v to_o all_o his_o wise_a man_n and_o they_o also_o think_v they_o meet_v to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o make_v it_o to_o the_o three_o estate_n will_n some_o man_n say_v that_o the_o king_n and_o their_o wiseman_n which_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o their_o privy_a counsellor_n do_v establish_v law_n yes_o very_a much_o for_o here_o the_o word_n witena_n wiseman_n do_v include_v the_o nobility_n and_o commons_n because_o they_o be_v counsellor_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o time_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o assembly_n of_o they_o be_v of_o some_o call_v witena_n gemote_a a_o meeting_n of_o the_o wiseman_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o and_o of_o other_o it_o be_v term_v commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o common_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o this_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v in_o this_o place_n i_o will_v use_v none_o other_o argument_n than_o the_o testimony_n of_o alfred_n himself_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n for_o he_o say_v as_o you_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o king_n ine_fw-mi be_v make_v by_o a_o synod_n of_o wiseman_n and_o what_o those_o wiseman_n be_v you_o here_o also_o understand_v by_o the_o report_n of_o king_n ine_fw-mi himself_n and_o the_o stile_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o comunalty_n beside_o the_o king_n furthermore_o that_o i_o lose_v not_o another_o advantage_n offer_v i_o by_o this_o authority_n i_o must_v also_o gather_v hereby_o that_o not_o only_o the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n essex_n and_o westsex_n use_v the_o three_o estate_n in_o make_v their_o law_n but_o also_o that_o they_o of_o kent_n and_o middle_a england_n maintain_v the_o same_o order_n for_o king_n alfred_n word_n as_o you_o see_v be_v one_o 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o historical_a discourse_n of_o parliament_n in_o their_o original_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o continuance_n since_o together_o with_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o continuance_n of_o these_o court_n follow_v viz._n high_a court_n of_o chancery_n upper_a bench_n common-plea_n exchequer_n duchy_n and_o other_o inferior_a court_n now_o in_o use_n in_o this_o commonwealth_n london_n print_v for_o tho._n firby_n near_o grayes-inne-gate_n in_o holborn_n 1656._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o treatise_n though_o small_a yet_o have_v undertake_v a_o subject_n of_o a_o very_a sublime_a nature_n to_o handle_v the_o author_n be_v unknown_a by_o his_o person_n though_o not_o for_o his_o pain_n another_o hand_n have_v presume_v to_o insert_v a_o few_o marginal_a note_n to_o it_o with_o his_o authority_n for_o what_o he_o set_v down_o if_o thou_o compare_v both_o together_o thou_o will_v find_v that_o the_o note_n and_o the_o text_n do_v help_v one_o 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foot_n and_o that_o this_o author_n be_v of_o no_o ordinary_a stature_n in_o antiquity_n the_o note_n than_o be_v to_o prevent_v such_o as_o be_v no_o great_a proficient_o in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o ancient_n from_o say_v that_o the_o author_n ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la be_v the_o warrant_n of_o some_o thing_n he_o write_v and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o other_o passable_a or_o current_a authority_n if_o thou_o find_v fayling_n herein_o i_o have_v but_o this_o to_o say_v to_o thou_o humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la and_o if_o thou_o be_v more_o than_o mere_a man_n then_o let_v the_o author_n and_o the_o world_n see_v thy_o perfect_a work_n that_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o error_n and_o thereby_o thou_o will_v gratify_v mankind_n more_o than_o yet_o the_o world_n have_v be_v bless_v with_o in_o any_o thing_n except_o the_o bible_n but_o not_o to_o make_v the_o porch_n big_a than_o the_o church_n i_o desire_v thou_o to_o be_v candid_a and_o to_o read_v without_o prejudice_n farewell_n j._n s._n a_o historical_a discourse_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o court_n etc._n etc._n as_o without_o doubt_n ever_o since_o the_o first_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v before_o the_o deluge_n cain_n and_o cain_n and_o proud_a giant_n and_o after_o the_o food_n cham_n nimrod_n esau_n and_o such_o like_a mighty_a hunter_n and_o injurious_a oppressor_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n so_o from_o time_n to_o time_n god_n out_o of_o his_o paternal_a care_n and_o merciful_a providence_n have_v excite_v some_o of_o his_o own_o endue_v and_o arm_v with_o wisdom_n authority_n and_o power_n not_o only_o to_o preserve_v his_o little_a one_o from_o the_o greedy_a and_o ravenous_a jaw_n of_o wicked_a persecutor_n but_o also_o after_o a_o sort_n to_o resist_v their_o cruelty_n and_o chastise_v they_o for_o their_o excess_n and_o sury_n for_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n that_o adam_n immediate_o after_o his_o fall_n have_v two_o son_n to_o wit_n abel_n and_o cain_n who_o he_o teach_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o cain_n be_v a_o wicked_a person_n and_o slay_v his_o brother_n of_o which_o it_o grieve_v he_o not_o tâ—ll_a god_n have_v afflict_v he_o with_o the_o fire_n and_o torment_v of_o his_o conscience_n and_o then_o he_o cry_v out_o mayor_n est_fw-la paena_fw-la mea_fw-la quam_fw-la ut_fw-la sustinere_fw-la possim_fw-la gen._n 4.13_o after_o cain_n succeed_v lamech_v bear_v in_o the_o house_n of_o cham_n who_o corrupt_v the_o institution_n of_o marriage_n by_o take_v to_o his_o wife_n adah_n and_o zilla_n and_o beside_o they_o many_o other_o live_v impious_o even_o to_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n when_o all_o the_o earth_n be_v corrupt_v wherefore_o god_n destroy_v all_o mankind_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o noah_n and_o those_o that_o be_v with_o he_o gen._n 7.23_o and_o again_o after_o that_o deluge_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v replenish_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o consequent_o contention_n be_v become_v so_o numerous_a that_o there_o be_v not_o find_v any_o one_o able_a to_o determine_v of_o their_o plaint_n and_o suit_n nor_o place_n spacious_a enough_o to_o hear_v the_o suitor_n then_o according_a to_o jethroe_n counsel_v to_o moses_n the_o jurisdiction_n or_o charge_n of_o administer_a justice_n be_v divide_v among_o very_o many_o and_o several_a place_n assign_v for_o that_o especial_a purpose_n that_o the_o people_n as_o from_o so_o many_o conduit-pipe_n the_o aquam_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o law_n that_o fountain_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n be_v conserve_v may_v receive_v wherefore_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v the_o first_o people_n to_o who_o any_o write_a law_n be_v give_v be_v wont_a to_o pronounce_v their_o judgement_n in_o the_o gate_n of_o every_o city_n that_o the_o plainness_n and_o indifferency_n of_o their_o proceed_n may_v appear_v so_o that_o none_o may_v need_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o right_a way_n to_o seek_v for_o justice_n and_o of_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o judgement_n be_v a_o divine_a thing_n then_o afterward_o in_o curia_n &_o foro_n the_o athemians_n also_o in_o their_o temple_n call_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o special_a judgement_n areopagus_n and_o in_o the_o place_n call_v palladium_n et_fw-la pritaneum_fw-la and_o albeit_o that_o the_o cawl_n our_o neighbour_n now_o call_v frenchman_n do_v hold_v their_o assembly_n for_o justice_n only_o at_o charnute_n and_o charter_n a_o place_n situate_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o country_n that_o all_o the_o people_n may_v have_v indifferent_a resort_n after_o which_o order_n also_o the_o briton_n of_o this_o island_n do_v make_v their_o meeting_n as_o it_o may_v well_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o caesar_n commentary_n where_o he_o plain_o write_v that_o these_o druid_n which_o then_o be_v the_o judge_n among_o the_o gall_n have_v fetch_v that_o their_o manner_n of_o discipline_n out_o of_o britain_n where_o we_o now_o dwell_v yet_o nevertheless_o the_o saxon_n our_o ancestor_n which_o succeed_v they_o in_o this_o country_n they_o retain_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o old_a germane_a their_o own_o elder_n who_o as_o tacitus_n writ_n jura_n per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicosque_fw-la reddebant_fw-la and_o they_o make_v distribution_n of_o justice_n not_o in_o one_o town_n or_o in_o the_o princess_n palace_n but_o also_o sundry_a other_o special_a place_n within_o the_o country_n and_o true_o the_o norman_n that_o invade_v the_o posterty_n of_o the_o same_o saxon_n here_o do_v not_o so_o much_o after_o the_o substance_n as_o the_o name_n of_o this_o the_o saxon_n order_n which_o they_o find_v at_o their_o come_n high_a for_o in_o effect_n they_o do_v but_o alter_v the_o word_n gemote_a which_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n signify_v in_o assembly_n or_o meeting_n together_o into_o the_o french_a word_n court_n or_o cor_n for_o so_o it_o be_v also_o find_v write_v be_v a_o term_n of_o the_o self_n same_o force_n and_o signification_n this_o court_n or_o cor_n therefore_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o latin_a curia_n regium_n cook_n epist_n to_o his_o 4_o instit_fw-la curia_fw-la a_o cura_fw-la qui_fw-la a_o est_fw-la locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la publicas_fw-la curas_fw-la gerebant_fw-la or_o curia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o lord_n and_o so_o it_o be_v the_o ks._n court_n or_o palatium_n regium_n which_o also_o be_v fetch_v from_o cura_n as_o valla_n write_v whereby_o be_v notify_v that_o heed_n and_o care_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o deciding_n of_o controversy_n it_o signify_v proper_o both_o the_o assembly_n of_o man_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o cause_n in_o variance_n and_o the_o place_n also_o where_o that_o assembly_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o signification_n the_o saxon_n as_o i_o say_v call_v it_o gemote_a a_o meeting_n of_o gemettan_n to_o
his_o wiseman_n to_o excester_n and_o consult_v with_o they_o for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o realm_n and_o he_o also_o at_o another_o time_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wiseman_n renew_v and_o confirm_v the_o league_n that_o alfred_n have_v before_o take_v with_o the_o danish_a captain_n king_n ethelstane_n conclude_v his_o famous_a parliament_n hold_v at_o grateley_n thus_o all_o this_o be_v ordain_v in_o that_o great_a synod_n at_o grateley_n at_o the_o which_o be_v the_o archbishop_n walfhelme_fw-mi with_o all_o the_o nobleman_n and_o wiseman_n that_o king_n ethelstane_n gather_v together_o and_o the_o same_o king_n do_v also_o afterward_o call_v another_o assembly_n of_o his_o wiseman_n to_o excester_n to_o consult_v for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o those_o former_a ordinance_n edmond_n the_o king_n summon_v a_o great_a synod_n at_o london_n both_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o spiritualty_n and_o temporalty_n the_o which_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law_n there_o make_v he_o call_v by_o a_o general_a name_n his_o witena_n wiseman_n and_o thank_v they_o all_o for_o their_o help_n in_o that_o advice_n and_o after_o he_o king_n edgar_z publish_v certain_a law_n which_o be_v make_v as_o he_o say_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o wiseman_n 88_o k._n edgar_n make_v law_n frequenti_fw-la senatu_fw-la he_o begin_v to_o reign_v 959._o lambard_n f._n 62._o etheldred_n have_v consilium_fw-la sapientium_fw-la and_o be_v begin_v to_o reign_v 979._o lam._n f._n 88_o the_o like_a title_n and_o conclusion_n have_v those_o statute_n also_o which_o king_n etheldred_n ordain_v at_o woodstock_n and_o the_o league_n which_o he_o make_v with_o anlaf_n another_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o danish_a army_n be_v entitle_v to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o and_o his_o wiseman_n and_o certain_a other_o act_n there_o be_v though_o hitherto_o not_o imprint_v of_o a_o parliament_n that_o be_v assemble_v in_o the_o year_n of_o chest_n 1008._o which_o fall_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n which_o be_v there_o report_v to_o have_v pass_v under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wiseman_n both_o spiritual_a and_o lay_v in_o which_o say_v last_o ordinance_n this_o one_o thing_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laiety_n 94._o it_o be_v also_o suppose_a that_o the_o senatus_fw-la consultum_fw-la de_fw-la monticolis_fw-la walliae_fw-la be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o title_n be_v consultum_fw-la quod_fw-la angliae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o walliae_fw-la consiliarij_fw-la de_fw-la monticolis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la lamb._n 94._o in_o all_o the_o body_n and_o process_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n say_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v plain_o that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spiritualty_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o nobility_n and_o commons_n by_o the_o only_a word_n witena_n or_o wiseman_n final_o those_o law_n of_o the_o great_a king_n and_o monarch_n canute_n or_o knoate_n which_o he_o make_v at_o winchester_n and_o be_v yet_o remain_v do_v bear_v face_n and_o testimony_n that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o he_o and_o his_o wiseman_n 97._o see_v of_o this_o guliel_n lamb._n 97._o and_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a write_v treatise_n entitle_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la etheldredi_n to_o be_v see_v in_o many_o hand_n purportng_a the_o very_a order_n form_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o this_o stately_a court_n and_o assembly_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n that_o do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o borough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o ancient_o and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o naught_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o less_o they_o have_v obtain_v that_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n also_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o selfsame_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demean_n do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributaries_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n there_o neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demean_v save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o domesday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v that_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demean_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n 2._o mirror_n c._n 1._o sect_n 2._o prescribe_v not_o to_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n than_o not_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n which_o see_v it_o be_v so_o let_v we_o come_v near_o and_o examine_v whether_o the_o same_o order_n have_v continue_v since_o that_o time_n or_o no._n conquest_n the_o continuance_n of_o parliament_n after_o the_o conquest_n to_o look_v for_o a_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o commons_o soon_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v but_o to_o labour_v without_o expectation_n of_o good_a speed_n for_o silent_a leges_fw-la inter_fw-la arma_fw-la england_n there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o h_n 1._o k._n stephen_n h._n 2._o r._n 1._o k._n john_n h._n 3._o etc._n etc._n 280._o parliament_n and_o act_n make_v at_o every_o session_n cook_n 1._o jn_v sect_n 164._o p._n 110._o see_v polyd._n l._n 11._o and_o hollingsh_n p._n 354._o of_o the_o begin_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n and_o during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o conqueror_n either_o the_o sword_n be_v not_o put_v up_o into_o the_o scabbard_n or_o if_o it_o be_v the_o hand_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o hilt_n ready_a to_o draw_v it_o again_o so_o unwilling_a on_o the_o one_o part_n be_v the_o english_a man_n to_o take_v the_o yoke_n and_o more_o that_o rather_o their_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v compel_v than_o their_o opinion_n to_o be_v consult_v and_o so_o haughty_a on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v the_o norman_n victor_n that_o to_o be_v call_v a_o englishman_n be_v in_o their_o eye_n a_o great_a contumely_n and_o reproach_n his_o son_n william_n also_o do_v rather_o pretend_v in_o word_n some_o release_n of_o the_o former_a austerity_n in_o government_n than_o perform_v it_o in_o deed_n and_o experience_n but_o his_o other_o son_n the_o first_o henry_n that_o ever_o reign_v here_o do_v not_o only_o at_o his_o coronation_n promise_v restitution_n of_o st._n edward_n law_n as_o we_o call_v they_o but_o also_o deliver_v out_o his_o free_a charter_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o same_o in_o which_o as_o m._n paris_n report_v 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baron_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o rather_o because_o that_o speech_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o word_n common-council_n and_o for_o that_o also_o the_o self_n same_o author_n do_v afterward_o use_v the_o word_n comunis_fw-la assensus_fw-la baronagii_fw-la when_o he_o intend_v to_o signify_v a_o just_a parliament_n ingulphus_n who_o die_v before_o 1109._o say_v rex_fw-la eldredus_fw-la convocavit_fw-la magnates_fw-la episcopos_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la publ_n negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la howbeit_o since_o i_o labour_v not_o with_o any_o penury_n of_o proof_n i_o will_v relinquish_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o matter_n desire_v only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o memory_n which_o polydore_v virgil_n have_v before_o acknowledge_v concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o parliament_n make_v by_o this_o very_a same_o king_n of_o who_o also_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n of_o peterborough_n abby_n do_v testify_v that_o in_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n 1123._o he_o send_v his_o writer_n over_o all_o england_n and_o bad_a his_o bishshop_n abbot_n and_o all_o his_o theigne_n which_o signify_v asmuch_o as_o baron_n before_o that_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o witena_n gemote_a on_o candlemas_n day_n to_o gloucester_n but_o to_o leave_v he_o and_o to_o leap_v over_o stephen_n because_o he_o have_v strive_v long_o for_o the_o crown_n than_o he_o enjoy_v it_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o say_v matthew_n paris_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n christ_n 1185._o convocavit_fw-la clericos_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la apud_fw-la fontem_fw-la clericorum_fw-la and_o yet_o again_o to_o pass_v over_o his_o two_o son_n richard_z and_o john_n whereof_o the_o one_o spend_v the_o most_o part_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o battle_n abroad_o and_o the_o other_o in_o civil_a war_n at_o home_n i_o read_v in_o the_o same_o author_n that_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o 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in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o e._n 1._o have_v this_o title_n the_o establishment_n of_o king_n edward_n make_v by_o this_o council_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o comonalty_n of_o the_o land_n thither_o sumon_v the_o statute_n make_v at_o gloucester_n in_o the_o 6._o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v thus_o make_v purrelant_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o apelles_fw-la le_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greinder_v come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_z &_o concordantment_n ordenie_v to_o draw_v to_o a_o end_n king_n edward_z the_o second_o hold_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o 14._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o be_v these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_n per_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr comunaltie_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr realm_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr parliament_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a speech_n have_v he_o in_o another_o statute_n that_o he_o make_v ne_fw-fr quis_fw-la occasionetur_fw-la pro_fw-la morte_fw-la petri_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o i_o shall_v need_v to_o speak_v for_o further_a proof_n among_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n after_o this_o time_n for_o they_o do_v from_o henceforth_o not_o only_o show_v themselves_o in_o such_o store_n and_o plenty_n but_o also_o set_v forth_o the_o several_a state_n themselves_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o presence_n the_o pain_n of_o their_o default_n or_o departure_n and_o sundry_a other_o circumstance_n so_o particular_o and_o plain_o that_o as_o i_o may_v well_o be_v charge_v if_o you_o will_v stand_v upon_o they_o in_o a_o matter_n not_o doubtful_a to_o have_v use_v speech_n nothing_o at_o all_o needful_a and_o yet_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v suspect_v that_o any_o of_o the_o two_o estate_n of_o this_o assembly_n derive_v his_o voice_n in_o parliament_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o of_o these_o 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assent_v or_o thus_o by_o the_o
assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o of_o the_o commons_o it_o be_v enact_v or_o thus_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n it_o be_v also_o all_o one_o in_o effect_n and_o substance_n for_o the_o word_n assent_v and_o enact_v be_v equivalent_a in_o this_o case_n â—7_n 7._o h._n 7.14_o &_o 2_o h._n 7._o â—7_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v 7._o h._n 7.14_o &_o 2._o h._n 7.27_o whereas_o otherwise_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o assent_n of_o all_o the_o 3._o estate_n of_o parliament_n be_v such_o as_o without_o any_o one_o of_o they_o the_o rest_n will_v lose_v their_o labour_n for_o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o a_o time_n that_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n will_v that_o a_o certain_a man_n shall_v be_v attaint_v and_o shall_v lose_v his_o hand_n whereunto_o the_o lord_n assent_v but_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o speak_v of_o the_o commons_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n 4._o h._n 7.18_o that_o this_o be_v no_o act_n that_o may_v bind_v 7.18_o 4._o h._n 7.18_o and_o therefore_o the_o party_n be_v restore_v hitherto_o of_o the_o continuance_n and_o assent_n of_o this_o our_o first_o and_o high_a court_n ment_fw-mi this_o court_n of_o parliament_n make_v enlarge_v diminish_v abrogate_v repeal_v and_o revive_v law_n statute_n &c._n &c._n concern_v matter_n ecclesiastical_a capital_a criminal_a common_a civil_a martial_a maritine_a etc._n etc._n cook_n 1_o inst_z fol._n 110._o sect_n 164._o see_v 4._o inst_z chap._n parlia_n ment_fw-mi whereunto_o after_o that_o i_o shall_v have_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n if_o all_o judgement_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v conversant_a either_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n or_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o controversy_n then_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o our_o parliament_n of_o as_o ample_a authority_n as_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o or_o all_o other_o court_n 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bare_a enumeration_n of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n and_o bend_v my_o labour_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o lay_v or_o temporal_a court_n that_o now_o have_v place_n among_o we_o lay_v court_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n time_n the_o sort_n of_o lay_v court_n in_o ancient_a time_n at_o the_o first_o only_o base_a and_o high_a concern_v the_o beginning_n whereof_o i_o read_v that_o even_o as_o moses_n the_o special_a minister_n of_o justice_n appoint_v by_o god_n find_v himself_o unable_a to_o sustain_v the_o burden_n of_o decide_v all_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o people_n 18._o deut._n 1_o exod._n 18._o do_v set_v judge_n over_o tribe_n hundred_o fifty_n and_o ten_o of_o the_o multitude_n to_o who_o he_o refer_v the_o determination_n of_o small_a cause_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o knowledge_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n so_o also_o that_o saxon_a but_o christian_a king_n of_o england_n alfred_n divide_v his_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n first_o into_o shire_n diction_n division_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o juris_fw-la diction_n than_o those_o shire_n into_o rathes_n rape_n or_o rideing_n and_o these_o again_o into_o wapentake_n or_o hundred_o and_o last_o those_o also_o into_o leet_n baron_n or_o tything_n and_o do_v withal_o establish_v jurisdiction_n in_o every_o of_o these_o permit_v to_o the_o reeves_n or_o judge_n of_o the_o low_a room_n authority_n of_o hear_v small_a suit_n grant_v great_a power_n to_o the_o shiriff_n and_o alderman_n which_o have_v charge_n of_o great_a assembly_n and_o detain_v to_o himself_o the_o decision_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o by_o just_a cause_n of_o appellation_n either_o for_o law_n or_o equity_n shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o he_o this_o court_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n whereof_o the_o one_o than_o call_v scyre-gemote_a that_o be_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o now_o term_v the_o sheriff_n turn_n be_v then_o as_o now_o also_o hold_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n and_o this_o court_n be_v of_o like_a jurisdiction_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o leet_n or_o of_o the_o borough_n or_o tything_n as_o it_o be_v then_o call_v the_o second_o and_o the_o hundred_o court_n than_o name_v hundre_v des-gemote_a be_v in_o those_o appoint_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o a_o month_n at_o the_o least_o and_o that_o be_v of_o like_a nature_n to_o the_o county_n court_n which_o be_v now_o keep_v every_o month_n also_o unto_o the_o court_n baron_n ancient_o call_v healgemote_a and_o corrupt_o halymote_a that_o be_v as_o i_o say_v the_o court_n of_o a_o hall_n or_o chief_a place_n which_o be_v now_o at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v once_o in_o three_o week_n if_o the_o lord_n will_v so_o have_v it_o i_o read_v further_o more_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n edgar_n thus_o ne_o gesece_n nan_o man_n soon_o synz_n etc._n etc._n let_v no_o man_n seek_v to_o the_o king_n in_o matter_n of_o variance_n unless_o he_o can_v find_v right_o at_o home_n but_o if_o that_o right_n be_v too_o heavy_a for_o he_o then_o let_v he_o seek_v to_o the_o king_n to_o have_v it_o lighten_v the_o very_a like_o whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o effect_n in_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n the_o dane_n sometime_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n also_o equity_n the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o law_n and_o equity_n out_o of_o which_o law_n i_o gather_v four_o thing_n first_o that_o every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o use_v in_o these_o base_a court_n at_o home_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n second_o then_o that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o use_v it_o out_o of_o the_o county_n or_o to_o draw_v his_o plea_n from_o thence_o without_o good_a cause_n both_o which_o thing_n lie_v plain_o in_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n three_o that_o
the_o king_n himself_o have_v a_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n wherein_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n for_o the_o word_n be_v let_v he_o not_o seek_v the_o king_n and_o last_o that_o the_o same_o court_n of_o the_o king_n do_v judge_v not_o only_o according_a to_o mere_a right_n and_o law_n but_o also_o after_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v unless_o he_o can_v find_v right_o at_o home_n by_o which_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o then_o he_o may_v use_v to_o go_v to_o the_o king_n for_o right_n second_o again_o if_o that_o right_o be_v too_o heavy_a then_o let_v he_o seek_v to_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o be_v mean_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n mitigate_v by_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o after_o this_o order_n and_o in_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o court_n be_v all_o justice_n administer_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conquerourâ—_n during_o who_o reign_n as_o also_o under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n rufus_n his_o son_n it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n be_v great_o disturb_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o intestine_a and_o sorraign_a war_n as_o also_o because_o that_o these_o two_o prince_n govern_v by_o a_o mere_a and_o absolute_a power_n as_o in_o a_o realm_n obtain_v by_o conquest_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o far_o off_o that_o any_o of_o they_o do_v utter_o abolish_v these_o court_n that_o the_o same_o do_v not_o only_o remain_v during_o all_o their_o time_n howsoever_o put_v to_o silence_n for_o the_o season_n but_o also_o have_v continuance_n afterward_o and_o do_v yet_o as_o they_o may_v here_o bear_v life_n among_o we_o for_o as_o i_o say_v those_o base_a court_n of_o the_o shire_n hundred_o borough_n and_o manor_n do_v yet_o continue_v in_o manuer_n the_o same_o in_o substance_n that_o they_o then_o be_v and_o that_o the_o plea_n ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v take_v from_o 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other_o son_n henry_n the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o peaceable_a prince_n and_o a_o maintainer_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o learned_a in_o they_o whereof_o he_o have_v the_o name_n beauclark_n but_o also_o under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o of_o this_o heury_n the_o second_o there_o be_v one_o court_n follow_v the_o king_n which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o sovereign_a justice_n both_o for_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o conscience_n and_o one_o other_o stand_a court_n which_o be_v governess_n only_o of_o the_o land_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v then_o call_v curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o aula_n regius_fw-la fol._n bract._n fol._n for_o that_o the_o prince_n himself_o do_v many_o time_n fit_a in_o person_n there_o and_o have_v justice_n a_o latere_fw-la svo_fw-la residentes_fw-la as_o bracton_n say_v namely_o his_o chief_a justice_n chancellor_n constable_n martial_n and_o other_o the_o late_a be_v then_o as_o it_o be_v now_o calâ—ed_v scaccarium_n eo_fw-la quod_fw-la lusibilis_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la formam_fw-la haberet_fw-la if_o you_o will_v give_v credit_n to_o garve_n tilber_n or_o else_o it_o take_v the_o name_n of_o statarium_fw-la ibi_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la stabilis_fw-la et_fw-la firma_fw-la effect_n ibi_fw-la as_o paulus_n aemilius_n and_o after_o he_o polydore_v virgil_n do_v write_v of_o it_o and_o in_o this_o the_o prince_n sit_v not_o personal_o at_o any_o time_n but_o his_o chief_a justice_n as_o precedent_n and_o then_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o treasurer_n and_o baron_n place_n the_o common_a place_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n that_o high_a court_n of_o the_o king_n continue_v until_o that_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o 9_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v about_o the_o time_n in_o which_o he_o aspire_v to_o the_o age_n of_o xxi_o year_n grant_v unto_o his_o subject_n that_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 11._o ca._n whereof_o he_o ordain_v thus_o communia_fw-la placita_fw-la non_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la curiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la sed_fw-la teneantur_fw-la in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la whereupon_o follow_v two_o thing_n the_o first_o ch._n this_o court_n be_v in_o be_v before_o this_o statute_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o new_o e._n rect_v by_o the_o stat_fw-la of_o m._n ch._n that_o this_o court_n be_v direct_v for_o the_o determination_n of_o all_o such_o plea_n as_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o be_v mere_o civil_a and_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o subject_n between_o themselves_o the_o second_o that_o this_o court_n be_v establish_v in_o a_o place_n certain_a and_o that_o be_v at_o westminster_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o people_n may_v have_v a_o stand_a seal_n of_o justice_n where_o to_o they_o may_v resort_v for_o the_o trial_n of_o their_o own_o cause_n and_o not_o to_o be_v drive_v to_o follow_v the_o king_n and_o his_o court_n but_o only_o where_o the_o matter_n respect_n he_o and_o after_o this_o 105.108_o foe_fw-mi 105.108_o all_o the_o writ_n that_o be_v recite_v in_o henry_n bractons_n book_n
which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o have_v this_o commandment_n to_o the_o party_n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la meis_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la and_o not_o coram_fw-la i_o vel_fw-la justiciis_fw-la meis_fw-la as_o the_o former_a form_n in_o glanvill_n be_v and_o thus_o begin_v the_o court_n which_o because_o it_o have_v power_n over_o common-plea_n we_o now_o call_v the_o common-place_n about_o this_o time_n also_o or_o not_o long_o after_o some_o other_o court_v of_o justice_n be_v likewise_o open_v britton_n the_o book_n call_v britton_n as_o it_o may_v partly_o appear_v by_o henry_n bracton_n but_o more_o plain_o by_o john_n britton_n which_o follow_v immediate_o after_o he_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o this_o john_n britton_n then_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n who_o name_n mr._n bale_n in_o his_o century_n or_o his_o printer_n 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kâ—ag_n atheâ—stone_n have_v wolfaid_n for_o his_o chancellor_n cook_n 4._o inst_z â—_o 97._o and_o ethel_n baâ—d_v have_v turketill_o for_o his_o chancellor_n about_o 718._o so_o that_o whatsoever_o the_o king_n have_v particular_o the_o iver_v out_o to_o other_o his_o justices_z commissioner_n and_o delegate_n that_o still_o remain_v in_o himself_o and_o be_v exercise_v either_o by_o himself_o in_o person_n or_o by_o his_o chancellor_n councillor_n of_o a_o state_n and_o justice_n of_o law_n that_o continual_o attend_v on_o he_o for_o that_o service_n and_o therefore_o first_o concern_v the_o admiralty_n i_o think_v that_o the_o decision_n of_o marine_a cause_n be_v not_o put_v out_o of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o commit_v over_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o admiral_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o whereunto_o i_o be_o lead_v partly_o and_o then_o after_o this_o subscription_n of_o he_o and_o his_o queen_n and_o of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o abbot_n one_o 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which_o be_v not_o incident_a to_o the_o make_n or_o keep_v of_o record_n for_o he_o can_v not_o reform_v the_o error_n of_o another_o court_n yea_o error_n commit_v in_o his_o own_o court_n be_v reverse_v in_o the_o bench_n of_o the_o king_n now_o call_v the_o upper_a bench._n neither_o can_v he_o try_v any_o issue_n take_v before_o he_o â—5_n â—4_n e._n 1._o â—5_n for_o that_o also_o be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o upper_a bench_n as_o a_o thing_n without_o his_o jurisdiction_n it_o remain_v then_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o this_o court_n of_o equity_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o ancient_a as_o other_o chancery_n o_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n for_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o the_o parliament_n take_v order_n that_o the_o chancellor_n shall_v follow_v the_o king_n even_o as_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bench_n do_v to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v always_o have_v at_o hand_n all_o man_n for_o 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the_o lay_n of_o the_o first_o stone_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o chancellor_n court_n but_o after_o this_o in_o the_o 36th_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o parliament_n that_o if_o any_o be_v grieve_v contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o that_o parliament_n or_o other_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v remedy_n in_o the_o chancery_n without_o other_o suit_n by_o which_o law_n the_o chancellor_n be_v not_o only_o make_v sole_a judge_n in_o this_o new_o erect_v court_n but_o be_v enable_v so_o to_o proceed_v in_o judgement_n after_o his_o own_o discretion_n or_o otherwise_o the_o word_n without_o other_o suit_n be_v not_o beneficial_a after_o this_o also_o his_o authority_n be_v enlarge_v by_o sundry_a parliament_n as_o by_o one_o to_o award_v damage_n upon_o untrue_a suggestion_n make_v before_o he_o by_o another_o to_o send_v proclamation_n of_o rebellion_n against_o such_o as_o will_v not_o appear_v and_o by_o other_o to_o grant_v commission_n of_o divers_a kind_n and_o to_o do_v many_o other_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a to_o make_v rehearsal_n here_o and_o true_o as_o these_o be_v first_o beginning_n that_o i_o can_v find_v in_o statute_n law_n concern_v this_o authority_n of_o chancery_n court_n so_o also_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o in_o our_o report_n of_o common_a law_n there_o be_v any_o mention_n of_o cause_n draw_v before_o the_o chancellor_n for_o help_v in_o equity_n but_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o in_o who_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o intestine_a trouble_n feofment_n to_o use_n do_v either_o first_o begin_v as_o some_o have_v think_v or_o else_o do_v first_o grow_v common_a &_o familiar_a as_o all_o man_n must_v agree_v for_o remedy_n in_o which_o cause_n of_o use_n chief_o the_o chancery_n court_n