of Austria restored by Solyman the great Turk died anno 1540. 1540 35 Ferdinand of Austria elected King of Bohemia in respect to the Lady Anne his wife sister of Ludovicus the 2. anno 1527. did in the same right lay claim to the Crown of Hungarie chosen to which by a partie prepared for him he was alwayes in contention with John de Sepusio each of them acknowledged King by their severall factions but by both sides received on the death of John 1562 36 Maximilian Emperour King of Hungarie and Bohemia Archduke of Anstria son of Ferdinand 1572 37 Rodolphus Emperour c. son of Maximilian 1608 38 Matthias brother of Rodolphus afterwards Emperour 1618 39 Ferdinand II. of Gratz next heir unto Matthias of the house of Austria afterwards Emperour c. against whom a partie of Hungarians called in Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transylvania whom they elected for their King intending as they said to crown him also But the affairs of Bohemia going on the Emperours side Gabor relinquished his pretentions and hearkned to a peace betwixt them 1625 40 Ferdinand III. son of Ferdinand the 2. chosen and crowned King in the life of his Father and in the year 1627. King of Bohemia also succeeding after him in the Empire and now living anno 1648. This Kingdome doth pretend it self to be Elective and to have speciall priviledges indulged them by their former Princes and anciently indeed it was so in both respects the last especially King Andrew giving authoritie to his Prelates Peers and other people Vt sine nota alicujus infidelitatis c. that without any imputation of disloyaltie they might contradict oppose and resist their King if he did any thing in violation of their Laws and sanctions But both their libertie of Elections and pretence of Priviledges have been so shaken and restrained by their Kings of the house of Austria that the Elections are become a matter of formalitie only their Priviledges depending wholly on the Princes pleasure now grown too potent for them to contend withall unless they should betray their Country into the hands of the Turk To which some of them have expressed some strong inclinations the oppressions laid upon them by the Austrian familie being deemed unsufferable The forces of this Kingdome when it was entire may best be seen by those great Armies which they have brought into the field against the Turk By whom two parts of three being since subdued that which remains must not be thought able to answer the proportion of former times though they have done more then could reasonably be expected from it For at the battell of Keresiure anno 1596. there were 6000 Hungarian horse and 10000 foot of this Nation only besides those of Germanie and Transylvania and the next year notwithstanding the discomfiture of that Armie they raised no lesse then 20000 horse and foot on the noise of some preparations among the Turks 'T is true their 〈◊〉 are commonly but meanly armed the defect wherein is rather to be imputed to the Prince then unto the people who can but bring their bodies which is all they have for defence of their Country And for their horse whom they call Heiducks maintained in continuall readinesse at the charge of the Nobilitie and principall Gentrie they are next Coufins to the Cosacques almost as mischievous as they and hold as strict intelligence with the Turks as those doe with the Tartars The chief Revenues of this Kingdome come from the silver mines out of which is yearly raised about a million and an halfe of Guldens Maximilian the 2. made it up two millions by seizing on the lands of Cathedrall and Collegiate Churches and assigning annuall pensions to the Bishops Canons and other Religious persons Most of which summe comes clearly to the Emperours Cofers the Presidiary Souldiers being paid with Contribution money raised upon the Countrie and the Lieutenant Generall whose entertainment comes to 30000 Dollars yearly defrayed upon their purses also The chief Order of Knighthood in this Kingdome was that of the Dragon instituted by Sigismund Emperour and King hereof at such time as by the Councell of Constance against John of Hus and Hierome of Prague and by the sharpnesse of his sword proved upon their followers he had cast down as he conceived the Dragon of Heresie and Schisme But the device proved of no long continuance expiring almost with the Author The Arms of Attila the Hunn once the King of this Countrie by the name of Pannonia are said to have been Gules a Falcon displayed Or membred and crowned Argent But the Arms of the Kingdome at this time are Barre-wise of 8 pieces Gules and Argent There are in HVNGARIE Archbishops 2 Bishops 13. And so much for HVNGARIE OF SCLAVONIA SCLAVONIA is bounded on the East with Servia Macedonia and Epirus from which parted by the River Drinus and a line drawne from thence unto the Adriatick on the West with Carniola in Germanie and Histria in the Signeurie of Venice from which last divided by the River Arsia on the North with Hungarie on the South with the Adriatick Sea So called from the Sclaves or Sclavi a Darmatian people of whom more anon It containes in length from Arsia to the River Drinus according to Plinies computation 800 Italian miles the greatest breadth being 325 of the same miles But others reckon the length of it at no more then 480 miles who may be reconciled with Plinie by supposing this that these last measure in a strait and direct line from River to River and that Pliny coasted by the Creekes and reaches of the Adriatick Situate in the Northern temperate Zone betwixt the middle Parallels of the sixth and seventh Climates so that the longest day in summer is about 15 houres and an halfe The Countrie is generally fruitfull of all those commodities which are found in Italy to which little inferiour yeelding not onely wine and oyle in very good plenty but good store of Cattell and of wilde beasts of pleasure no want at all some rich veins also of gold and silver The northern parts are mountainous cold for the most part lying under snowes not capable of wine or any the like productions which require much heat But even these mountainous parts afford very good pasturage and breed a wealthy race of sheep which bring forth young twice a yeare and are shorn four times Nor doth the Sea coasts come behinde in advancing the profit of the people not onely yeelding store of fish but the benefit of many excellent and convenient Havens The people are courageous proud stubborn and untractable of strong bodies and able constitutions fit for workes of drudgerie and so employed by the Venetians when first brought under their command who using them in all servile offices both at home and abroad occasioned the neighbouring Nations to call their Villaines or Bond-servants as they of Venice did by the name of Sclaves that being originally as to this people the name
Title For thus we read That Pepin having thrust his Master Childerick into a Monastery to make good his Title to the Crown or some colour for it derived his Pedigree from Plythylda one of the Daughters of Clotaire the first maried to Anspert the Grandfather of that Arnulphus who was the first Mayer of the Palace of Pepins Family As also how Hugh Capet putting aside Charles of Lorrein the right Heir of this Pepin to make his Lawless Action the more seemingly Lawfull drew his descent from some of the heirs Generall of Charles the Great his Mother Adeltheid being the Daughter of the Emperour Henry the first surnamed the Fowler who was the Sonne of Otho Duke of Saxonie by Luitgardu the Daughter of the Emperour Arnulph the last Emperour of the Romans or Germans of the house of Charles And it is said of Lewis the ninth so renowned for Sanctitie amongst them that he never enjoyed the Crown with a quiet Conscience till it was proved unto him that by his Grandmother the Lady Isabel of Hainall he was descended from Hermingrade the Daughter of Charles of Lorrein Adde here that this supposed Salique Law not onely crosseth the received Laws of all Nations else which admit of Women to the succession in their Kingdoms where the Crown descends in a Succession and have a great respect both unto their persons and posterities in such Kingdoms also where the Kings are said to be Elective as in Poland Hungaria and Bohemia but that even France it self hath submitted to the imperious command of two Women of the Medices and at the present to the Government of a Spanish Princess So that it is evident that this Law by whomsoever made and how far soever it extended is of no such force but that the Labells of it may be easily cut in pecces by an English sword well whetted if there were no other bar to the title of England than the authoritie and antiquity of the Salique Law But for my part if it be lawfull for me to dispute this point I am not satisfied in the right of the English title supposing the Salique Law to be of no such force as the French pretended and measuring the succession in the Crown of France to be according to successions in the Realm of England on which King Edward the third seemed to ground his claim For if there were no Salique Law to exclude succession by the Females as the English did pretend there was not yet could not Edward comming from a Sister of the 3 last Kings which reigned successively before Philip of Valois against whom he claimed be served in course before the Daughters of those Kings or the Males at least descending of them had had their turns in the succession of that Kingdom Of the three Brethren two left issue viz. Lewis and Philip. Lewis surnamed Hutin Sonne of Philip the fair and Joan Queen of Navarre had a Daughter named Joan maried to Philip Earl of Eureux who was King of Navarre in right of his Wife from which mariage issued all the succeding Kings of that Realm the rights whereof are now in the house of Burbon Philip the second Brother surnamed the Long by Ioan the Daughter of Othelin Earl of Burgundie had a Daughter named Marguerite maried to Lewis Earl of Flanders from whom descended those great Princes of the race of Burgundiâ— the rights whereof are now in the house of Spain If then there were no Salique Law to exclude the Women and their Sonnes Charles King of Navarre the Sonne of Queen Joan and of Philip de Eureux descended from Lewis Hutin the Elder Brother and Lewis de Malaine Earl of Flanders and Burgundie the Sonne of Lewis Earl of Flanders and of Marguerite the Daughter of Philip the Long the Second Brother must have precedency of title before King Edward the third of England descended from a Sister of the said two Kings their issue severally and respectively before any claiming or descending from the said King Edward So that K. Edward the third had some other claim than what is commonly alleged for him in our English Histories or else he had no claim to that Crown at all and I conceive so wise a King would not have ventured on a business of so great consequence without some colourable Title though what this title was is not declared for ought I know by any Writers of our Nation I believe therefore that he went upon some other grounds than that of ordinary succession by the Law of England and claimed that Crown as the Eldest heir-male and neerest Kinsman to the last King For being Sisters sonne to the King deceased he was a degree neerer to him than either the King of Navarre or the Earl of Flanders who were the Grand-children of his Brethren and having priority of either in respect of age had a fair Title before either to the Crown of that Kingdom And on these grounds King Edward might the rather goe because he found it a ruled Case in the dispute about the succession in the Kingdom of Scotland For though King Edward the first measuring the order of succession by the Laws of England and perhaps willing to adjudge the Crown to one who should hold it of him gave sentence in behalf of Iohn Raliol the Grand-Child of the Eldest Daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon yet was this Sentence disavowed and protested against by the other Competitors Robert Bruce Sonne of the Second Daughter of the said Earl of Huntingdon as a degree neerer to the last King though descended from the Younger Sister not only though himself wronged in it but had the whole Scotish Nation for him to assert his right by whose unanimous consent his Sonne was called to the Government of the Realm of Scotland during the life of Baliol and his Patron both Proximitie in blood to the King deceased was measured by neerness of degrees not descent of Birth and on this Plea though different from the Laws of England as Bruce had formerly possessed himself of the Crown of Scotland so on the same though different from the Laws of Castile did Philip the second ground his claim to the Crown of Portugal For being Eldest Sonne of Mary the Sister of Henry the last King and this was just King Edwards Case to the Crown of France he thought himself to be preferred before the Prince of Parma and the Duke of Bragance descended from the Daughters of Edward the said Kings Brother because the Eldest Male of the Royal blood and neerer to the said King Henry by one degree In the pursuance of which title as Philip onenly avowed that the Laws of Portugall were more favourable to him than the Laws of Castile so in like case the Laws of France might be more favourable to King Edward than the Lawes of England In claims to Crowns the Rules if Regall Succession differ in many Countries and in few Countries are the same with that of the Succession into mean
abandoned the title of King only and used that of Prince or Duke 1003 20 Boleslaus III. son of Vladislaus 1140 21 Vladislaus II. son of Boleslaus the third outed by his Brethren and at last estated in Silesia united formerly to Poland from the time of Lechus 1146 22 Boleslaus IV. brother of Vladislaus the second 1174 23 Miecislaus III. brother of Boleslaus and Vladislaus deposed by his brother Casimir 1178 24 Casimir II. brother of the three last Princes 1195 25 Lescus V. son of Casimir the second deposed by Miecislaus the third 1203 26 Vladislaus III. son of Miecislaus the third deposed by Lescus the fift who again seised on the Estate 1243 27 Boleslaus V. surnamed Pudicus 1280 28 Lescus VI. surnamed Niger the adopted son of Boleslaus and his Cousen German once removed after whose death anno 1289. the estate being distracted into many fations was for some time without a Prince setled at last on 1295 29 Primislaus surnamed Postbumus who againe assumed the name of King continued ever since by his successours 1296 30 Vladislaus surnamed Locticus brother of Lescus Niger outed by Wenceslaus King of Bohemia anno 1300. after whose death anno 1306. he resumed the estate 1333 31 Casimir III. surnamed the Great son of Vladislaus the fourth the first establisher of the kingdom after all those troublesd yed without issue 1371 32 Lewis king of Hungary son of Charles King of Hungary by Elizabeth the sister of Casimir 1383 33 Heduigis the youngest daughter of Lewis her elder sister Mary succeeding in the Realm of Hungary chosen Queen of Poland marryed to Jagello Duke of Lituania Christened and called Vladislaus the fift 1386 34 Valdislaus V. Duke of Lituania elected King upon his marriage with Queene Heduigis 1435 35 Vladislaus VI. son of Jagello or Vladislaus the fift by Sephia daughter of the Duke of Kiovia He was King of Hungary also slaine at the battell of Varna by Amurath the second King of the Turkes without issue 1447 36 Casimir IV. brother of Vladislaus first brought the Knights of Prussia under his command Knight of the order of Garter 1493 37 John Albert the second sonne of Casimir his elder Brother Vladislaus being pretermitted on his accepting of the Crowns of Hungarie and Bohemia 1502 38 Alexander the third son of Casimir 1507 39 Sigismund the fourth sonne of Casimir his elder Brethren dying without issue suppressed the Order of the Dutch Knights in Prussia and added part thereof unto his estate 1548 40 Sigismund II. surnamed Augustus the last of the male issue of Jagello 1574 41 Henry Duke of Aniou son of Henry the second French King chosen on the death of Sigismund Augustus the onely Stranger to the bloud in all this Catalogue On the death of his brother Charles the ninth he departed secretly into France where he succeeded by the name of Henry the third 1579 42 Stephen Bathor Vaivod of Transylvania having marryed Anne sister of Sigismund the second is elected King he united Livonia to the Crown and had a great hand upon the Moscovite 1587 43 Sigismund III. son of John King of Swethland and Catharine his wife another of the sisters of Sigismund the second King of Poland and Sweden He valiautly opposed Osman the Great Turke invading his Dominions with an Army 300000. 1633 44 Vladislaus VII eldest son of Sigismund the third after whose death the kingdom was extremely embroyled by factions especially by the mutinous and seditious Cosaques not fully setled by the election of 1648 45 Casimir V. Brother of Vladislaus the seventh now king of Poland anno 1648. The Government of this kingdome is nothing lesse then Monarchicall For though the first Dukes hereof were absolute Princes and ruled after a Despoticall manner having power not onely of the estates of their subjects but of life and death without formalities of Law yet when they once became elective they lost much of that power which decayed so by little and little that at the last the King is counted little better then a Royall shadow Stat magni nominis umbra in the Poets language A diminution which began first in the times of Lewis of Hungarie and Jagello of Lituania who to gaine the succession to the kingdome contrary to Law the one for his daughter the other for his sonne departed with many of their Royalties and Prerogatives to buy the voices of the Nobility Since which time the Nobilitie in all their elections have so limited and restrained the Kings authority and enlarged their own that without their consent in Counsell he may neither make war nor treat of peace nor impose taxes nor alienate any of his Demeanes nor do any thing of importance which concernes the Publick in so much as Boterus a great Statesman doth expressely say that the Government of Poland doth rather seem an Aristoratie then a Monarchie a Common-wealth rather then a Kingdome Besides the King not onely takes a solemn Oath at his Coronation to confirme all the rights and Priviledges which have been granted to the Subject by his Predecessours but addes this clause quod si Sacramentum meum violavero incolae Regni nullam nobis obedientiam praestare tenebuntur that if he violate this Oath his Subjects shall not be obliged to yeeld him any obedience Which as Bodinus well observeth doth rather savour of the condition of a Prince of the Senate then of the Majestie of a King respected accordingly by the great ones who looke not on him as their King but their elder Brother or perhaps not that and reckon his Decrees but of three dayes lasting Which notwithstanding the King once chosen and inthroned hath sole power in many things without consulting with the Senate as viz. in assembling Diets choosing the secular Counsellers disposing absolutely of his Vassals and the Revenues of the Crown to what use he pleaseth being â—ole Judge of the Nobility in Criminall causes which is a strong bridle to raine them in with By which and either uniting himself unto the Clergy or the well-forming of his party amongst the Noâ—â—lity hee may doe many things not allowable in strictnesse of Law the power and influence which he hath in the publick Government being proportionable to the strength of his wit and Brain And here it is to be observed that none but the Clergie and Nobilitie have any suffrage in the election of the King that is to say the 26 Palatines and 60 Chastellans with the four Marshals and some others of the principall Officers of State in behalf of the Nobility and the Archbâ—shops and Bishops in the name of the Clergie but of the Commons none at all Which is the reason why there is so much care taken to preserve the priviledges of the two first Orders without obtaining any immuties for reliefe of the third most miserably oppressed on all sides rather as Bondmen then Tenants in respect of their Lords and not so much subjects as plain slaves in regard of the King whereof somewhat
for him that first borded the Enemies Ships a Camp Crown or Câ—roâ—a Castrensis for him that had forced a way into the Tents or Camp of the Enemy a Citie Crown or Corona Civica for him that had preserved the life of a Roman Citizen Not to say any thing of those Chains and Bracelets which souldiers of inferiour merit were adorned withall By which encouragements and the good conduct of their Counsels in the Senate the Roman affairs succeeded so prosperously and their Dominions were enlarged so immensly that never any Common-wealth had so large a growth And yet the greatness of this state is neither totally nor only to be attributed to the Consular Government For though the walls of this great building were raised by the Consuls yet the foundation of the same was layd by the Kings and the roof thereof layd on by the Emperors Nay be it spoken to the honour of Monarchicall Government whensoever any great and imminent danger did seem to threaten them they were fain to lay aâ—ide their confidence in the rule of their Consuls and betake themselves to the command of one Soveraign Officer whom they called Dictator Of which and the other changes hapning in the state of Rome take this short abstract from Corn. Tacitus Urbem Roman à principiâ— Reges habuere c. The City of Rome was in the beginning governed by Kings Liberty and the Consulship L. Brutus brought in The Dictators were chose but for a time The Decemviri passed not two years neither had the Consular authority of the Tribunes of the Souldiers any long continuance nor Cinnas nor Syllas dominion Pompey and Crassus quickly yeelded to Caesars forces Lepidus and Antony to Augustus So Tacitus in brief of these publick changes Of which as to the Decemviri which were instituted only on a particular occasion for the reforming of the Laws by those of Athens and the Military Tribunes of Consular Authority ordained to divert common people from seeking after the Consulship I shall here say nothing But as for the Dictators being Officers of a Supreme power and such as made way for the Emperors in the close of all I shall inlarge a little further They were called Dictators à Dictando because they prescribed what they pleased unto the people which they were bound to execute and not dispute Hence that memorable jest of Julius Caesar who being told that Sylla had resigned his Dictatorship though by decree of Senate made perpetuall to him returned this Answer that Sylla was an unlearned man dictare nesciit and therefore knew not how to dictate or to play the Dictator They were also called Populi Magistri or the peoples Masters because from them lay no Appeal unto the people as did from all the rest of the Roman Magistrates during the whole time of their command which ordinarily continued for fix moneths yet so that if they did in the mean time settle the affairs of the Commonwealth they resigâ—ed it sooner if the necessities of the State required a longer continuance in it they were chosen again The names of as many of them as I have met withall I have here sub-joyned together with the services they did the publick in the time of their Office The Dictators of Rome 1 Titus Largius chosen upon occasion of a generall War made by the Latins upon Rome the first that ever had this Office 2 Aulus Posthumus chosen to pursue that war which he ended with the slaughter of 30000 of the Latins 3 L. Quinctius Cincinnatus chosen to this office from the Plough overcame the Volsci chosen again An. V. C. 314 to suppress the sedition raised by Sp. Melius 4 Aemilius Mamercus overcame the Veientes and the Fidenates and was thrice in eleven years called unto this Office 5 Pub. Servilius who finally vanquished the Fidenates and the Lavicani 6 Furïus Camillus who finally destroyed the City of the Veii and being chosen a second time A. V. C. 362. preserved his Country from the Galls thrice chosen after this upon new occasions 7 Tit. Quinctius Cincinnatus chosen in the War against the Latins 8 L. Manlius elected in the time of a grievous Pestilence to find a way for the appeasing of the Gods 9 C. Sulpitius 10 Martius Rutilius the first Dictator chosen out of the Commons 11 L. Papyrius subdued the Samnites 12 Cossus by whom the Samnites were again vanquished 13 Aemilius who also overcame the Samnites 14 Lentulus who triumphed also over the Samnites 15 I. Bubulcus who finally subdued the Aequi and the Volsci 16 Corn. Rufinus 17 Q. Hortensius chosen for appeafing a difference betwixt the Senate and the Common who had fortified themselves in Janiculus one of the Hils whereon 〈◊〉 stood 18 Cl. Glizias forced to resign his office to 19 Atilius Colatinus the first that exercised his office out of Italy he was chosen in the first Punick War 20 Fabius Maximus chosen in the war against Annibal 21 M. Junius chosen upon the great defeat which the Roman Forces had at the battell of Cannae 23 L. Manlius Torquatus chosen upon the death of Marcellus the Consul slâ—in by Annibal 24 L. Sylla descended from that Corn. Rufinas who had been formerly in this office having by force of Arms suppressed the faction of Marius and Cinna made himself master of the City and caused himself to be chosen Perpetuall Dictator which office having exercised with a great deal of cruelty he resigned with as great a confidence 25 C. Iulius Caesar descended from Iulus the sonne of Ascanius who was the second King of the Trojan Race having conquered Britain and added all â—ause Transalpine to thâ— Roman Empire and finding himself unworthily requited by the faction of Pompey passed with his Army after him into Greece and having vanquished him in the fields of Pharsalia and made himself absolutely master of the Roman Empire took to himself the supreme Government thereof under the title of Dictator which having managed for the space of five years he was murthered in the Senate house by Brutus and Caessius Before the time of these Perpetuall Dictatorâ— the Romans having some enemies or other that opposed the progress of their fortunes had not the leisure to contend with one another in a publick way or if they did their differences and seditions were soon composed But being grown so great as to fear no Enemy and the Estate so vast that it was grown too nighty for a popular Government then they began to practise on the peoples patience and to project the shaing of the Empire amongst the great ones Concerning which take here this short Epitaâ—â— which I find in Tacitus Rebus modicis aqualicaâ— facile habebatus c. While saith he our Dominions were but small Equalitie was easily maintained among us But after we had subdued the World and destroyed all Kings and Cities that stood in our way or might world our
from the Eastern parts as his occasions did require These Exarchs having divided Italie into many Governments appointed over each some supreme Commander dignified with the name of Dukes And even the City of Rome it self so far then was it from being subject to the Pope in Temporall matters had a chief Officer of this kinde accomptable to the Exaroâ— and subordinate to him whose Government was called the Roman Dukedom They which they kept unto themselves as their own peculiar contained the Cities of Ravenna Rbegium Mutina Bononia Classi Forli Fâ—â—limpoli Sarcino Parma and Placentia which ten Cities with the Territories belonging to them made up that District which properly was called the Exarchate of Ravenna much mentioned in the Histories of the middle times by reason of the continuall wars which they had with the Lombards but newly entred when this Magistracy had its first beginning The names of these Exarchs are as followeth The Exarchs of Ravenna A. C. 570. 1 Longinus 21. 591. 2 Smaragdus 4. 595. 3 Romanus Patricius 596. 4 Callinicus 13. 609. 5 Smaragdus 3. 612. 6 Joh. Lamigius 4. 616. 7 Elentherius 5. 621. 8 Isaacus Patricius 24. 645. 9 Theod. Calliopa 10. 655. 10 Olympius 2. 657. 11 Theod. Calliopa II. 30. 687. 12 Joh. Plotina 15. 702. 13 Theophilactus 25. 727. 14 Paulus 728. 15 Eutipenus 12. In the days of this Exarch Ravenna was taken from the Empire by Luitprandus King of the Lombards Ano. 740. but regained by Charles the Great and by him given to the Bishops of Ronne together with Anconitana and Spoleto as a requitall for the Kingdom of France confirmed unto King Pepin his Father by the consent and authority of the Popes The donation of this Exarchate to the Popes partly to blot out the memory of the Exarchs and partly to make the people obedient to those Prelates changed the name of the Countrey from Flaminia by which name it was formerly known to Romadâ—diola and now to Romagna Notwithstanding which Donation or Originall Grant the Popes injoyed not long the possession of it the Emperors of Germanie and their Vice-gerents in Italia wresting it by strong hand out of the possession of the Church and giving it to such as deserved well of them and were most likely or most able to uphold their Faction And so it stood till the last Popes conspiring with the French Kings Lewis the twelfth and Francis the first brought them into Italie and by their aids and by the censures of the Church so prevailed in fine that they extorted Ravenna and some other places out of the hands of the Venetians erected many petit Princes out of other Cities which they pretended to belong to S. Peters Patrimony and thereby got possession of all those Territories which lie betwixt the State of Venice and the Marches of Ancona 2. The Territory of FERRAARA lieth in the very skirts of Romandiola towards the Venetian extending one hundred and sixty miles in length and about fifty in breadth the soyl thereof exceeding rich but subject to the overflowings of the River Po which makes the air in many places to be somewhat unwholesome And though as well the former Dukes as the Popes who are now Lords hereof have been at great charge in raising high Banks and Ramparts to keep in the waters yet could not this resist the violence of the River falling from so high a Springs and seconded with so great Land-floods as sometimes it is but that it makes many breaches in them do they what they can The places of most note herein are 1. Graffignan in the borders of Tuscany neer the Apennine 2. Carpi a place of great importance seaâ—ed in the midst of this Dukedom belonging heretofore to the House of the Picâ— but partly by exchange made with Marcus Pieus partly for one hundred thousand Crowns in ready money given unto Lionel Pico once the Lords hereof it was by Charles the 5th incorporated into this estate 3. Commachia seated in the Marshes of the Adriatick from which the Princes of this Family of Este were at first called only Lords of Commachia a place which yeelded great profit to the former Dukes by the fishing of Eels 4. Saxole given by Duke Alphonso in exchange for Carpi Here is also the Territory and Lordship of the Polesine the cause of so many quarrells and contentions between the antient Dukes of Ferrara and the State of Vonice But the chief honor of this Dukedom it in the Capitall City that which denominates the whole Ferrara a City of five miles in compass so called from the Iron Mines which are about it commodiously seated on the River â—o which by reason of its breadth depth and violent swiftness of the current is a sufficient rampart to it on that side the other fides being fortified with a strong wall and a spacious mote In the middle of the City is a fair and spacious Market-place into which do open on all fides about twenty streets all of them half a mile in length and all so strait and evenly built that the furthest end of each of them may be easily seen Neer to this Market-place is a little Iland in which the former Dukes had a stately Palace called Belvedere from the fair prospect which it had or gave to the whole City and on the North side of the City a large Park for pleasure The other houses are for the most part built of fair Free-stone not joyning unto one another as in other Cities but at a pretty distance with neat Gardens between Ariosto the Author of that ingenious Poem called Orlando Furiosâ— and Hierome Savaniarolo the Propheticall Fâ—ier were both of them Natives of this place of which the first lieth here entombed the last for preaching against the Pope was burnt at Florence In the declining of the power and Empire of the Lombards this City together with Favenza was given by Desiderius their last King to the Church of Rome the better to oblige the Popes by so great a benefit But being taken from them by the Emperors of the House of Schwaben it was again recovered by the prowess of the Countess Mathildis Ano. 1107. who took it with many other Towns in Italie from the Emperor Henry the 4th and at her death conferred the same upon the Church The Popes once more possessed hereof and not able to hold it gave it in Fee for ever unto Azo of the House of Este a man of great sway in the affairs of Italie who valiantly had defended it against Ezelinus Vicegerent of Frederick the 2d. This was the first of this Family who had Ferrara in propriety His Ancestors being called before the Marquesses of Este and sometimes Marquesses of Ferrara but in title only as Governors hereof in behalf of the Popes of Rome Obizo the Grand-child of this first Azo obtained of Rodolfus the first who was willing to make what money he could of his lands in Italie the Cities of Regium and Modena
dayes and not permit the superstitions and corruptions of that Church to endure so long nor so many Assertors and Defenders of those Roman Hetrodoxiet to be added to the former number Out of the storyes of all which pretermitting many things of less consideration I will only select some particular passages for the better understanding of their state and story 1 Pelagius the first ordained that Hereticks and Schismaticks should be punished with temporall death which severity continueth still and that none should be preferred to Ecclesiasticall dignityes by Gifts and Bâ—ibes which pious order is long since antiquated 2 Vitalâ—aruts first brought Organs into the divine service of the Church of Rome to be used with the singing or vocall Musick formerly in use which afterwards was brought unto more perfection by the Popes succeeding 3 Constantine was so generally beloved of all men that going to Constantinople Justinian the second kist his feet in sign of honour which some of the ambitious Popes in times succeeding drew into example and at last brought into a custom as it still continueth 4 Pascal the first caused the Priests of certain parishes in Rome by reason of their nearness to his person their presence at his Election and to honour them with a more venerable Title to be called Cardinals Now mates for Kings and numbred about 70 but more or fewer at the sole pleasure of the Popes 5 Eugenius the second took to himself within the Territories of the Church the Autority of creating Dukes Earls and Knights as the Exarch of Ravenna had used to do 6 Sergius the second was the first that changed his name For thinking his own name Bocca di Porco or Swines-mouth not consonant to his dignity he caused himself to be called Sergius which precedent his Successors following do also vary their names So that if one be a Coward he is called Leo if a Tyrant Clemens if an Atheist Pius or Innocent if a Rustick Urbanus and so of the rest 7 John the eighth is by most men confessed to be a woman and is usually called Pope Joane To avoyd the like disgrace the Porphirie chair was ordained Ubi ab ultimo diacono c. so that both in a literall and mysticall sense this woman may be called The Whore of Babylon The name of this Female Pope the Romish Chronologers have not inserted into the Catalogue the reason as Marianus Scotus giveth it propter turpitudinem rei sexum muliebrem And from hence it is that in the common Catalogues these Popes that have called themselves Johns are so ill ordered some making that John which succeeded Adrian the second An o 872 to be the 8 and others the 9. Platina onely of all the Pontificians reckoneth Pope Joane as the 8 of the Johns and so forward in which particular I have followed his authority And it is probable enough that God might suffer that proud See to fall into such an infamy the better to humble the ensuing Popes in the times of their greatest ruff and flourish or to prevent the brag of that continued Succession they so much pretend to More of this Argument as to the truth of the story in matter of Fact he that lists to see may satisfie himself in M. Cookes Book of Pope Joane who most industriously hath answered all objections which hath been made against it by those of Rome 8 Nicolas the first the better to fasten the Clergy to the See of Rome and make them the less obnoxious to their naturall Princes was the first who did by Law restrain them from mariage saying that it was the more honest to have to do with many women privately than openly to keep a wife and some of his Successors followed it so close that a Priest of Placent a being accused to have wife and children was deprived of his Benefice but upon proof made that she was the wife of another man and his Strumpet only he was again restored unto it 9 Adrian the third ordained that the Emperour from thenceforth should have no more to do with the Election or Confirmation of the Pope but that it should be left wholly to the Roman Clergy 10 Formosus was so ill beloved and of such a generall disesteem that Pope Steven the seventh caused his body to be unbnried all his Acts reversed two of his fingers to be cut off and then the mangled carkass to be again interred among the Luty And though these Acts of Steven were adjudged illegal both by John the tenth and Pope Romanus two of his Successors and the doings of Formosus justified yet Sergius the third caused his corrupt and putrified body to be taken once more out of the grave and his head to be cut off as if still alive So little did the infallibility of St. Peters Chair preserve these Popes from falling into gross and irreconcilable contradictions 11 John the 12 th was the next after Sergius the second that changed his name a very wicked cruell and libidinous man who comming to that place by his Fathers greatness cut off the Nose of one Cardinall and the hand of another for that they had signified to the Emperour Otho the first what a scandall all the Church did suffer by his detestable life and finally being taken in Adultery was slain by the husband of the woman 12 Gregory the fifth finding the power of the Emperour as long as it continued in a way of succession not likely to be over-born by that of the Church and being withall incensed against the Romans who till that time retained some shadow of an Empire projected the election of the future Emperors by the Princes of Germany by which the Germans were distracted into Factions and the Romans weakned and so a door left open to the Popes of Rome to make their ends upon them both 13 Steven the tenth brought the Church of Millaine to be under the obedience of the Popes of Rome which till that time had challenged an equality with them as before Pope Dom nus had done the Church of Ravenna which for some time had challenged the precedencie of them 14 Gregorie the seventh commonly called Hildebrand a turbulent and unquiet man who first adventured to draw the premises layd down by some of his Predecessors into a conclusion Excommunicating the Emperour Henry the fourth for medling with the Investitures of Bishops and causing Rodulph Duke of Suevia to rebell against him A man much favoured against the 〈◊〉 of her own House by the Countess Mathildis who is sayd to be so much his friend that 〈◊〉 his sake she left the company of her husband and disherited her right heirs setling 〈◊〉 whole estates in Italie on the See of Rome And though the Emperour had the better of this Pope and made him fly out of Rome and dye in exile yet he was fain at last to submit himself to Pope Pascal the second who had armed his own sonne against him to attend bare-foot at his door and
of King Henry the third of France by Jaques Clement are full proofs of this 3. Then followeth their allowance of Mariages prohibited both by God and Nature the issue of which cannot but uphold the Popes Authority without which their birth would be illegitimate and consequently themselves uncapable of the estates they are born unto And by this means they do more strengthen themselves by the unlawfull Mariages of others than ever Prince could do by the lawfull Mariage of his own Nothing more fastened Queen Mary of England to the See of Rome than the question that was raised about the Mariage of her Mother to King Henry the eight the lawfulness of which depended chiefly on the dispensation of Pope Julio the second 4. Then cometh in their dispensing with the Oaths of Princes when they conceive themselves induced upon reason of State to flie off from those Leagues and break off those Treaties which have been solemnly made and sworn betwix them and their Neighbours By means whereof such Princes think themselves not perjured because dispensed with by the Pope and commonly get something in advantage or point of profit for which they cannot be unthankfull unto the Papacy Examples of this kind are obvious in all times and stories 5. Next comes the chosing of the younger sonnes of great Princes into the rank of Cardinalls which obligeth the whole Stock on Familie to the Papall Throne that being a means whereby young Princes are preferred without charge to their Fathers or any diminution of the Regall Patrimony 6. And as by these courses he holds in with all Christian Princes generally which are of the Religion of the Church of Rome so hath he fastned more particularly on the King of Spain whereof we shall speak further when we come to that Countrey 2. Concerning the second So it is that their Estate hath the firmest foundation of any as being built on the consciences of men possessed with an opinion of their Infallibility and that undoubted power they pretend unto not only in Heaven and upon Earth but also over Hell and Purgatory 2. Then comes the innumerable Preferments at their disposing for men of all humours and affections as having in their power the disposing of almost all the Benefices and Bishopricks in Italie half of those in Spain divers in Germany and France which keepeth the Clergy and all such as are that way studied in a perpetuall dependance upon that See especially injoying by it many notable Privileges which those of the Temporalty are not capable of 3. Consider next the multitude of Monks and Friers whose very being depends wholly upon his Authority every Monastery and Convent being a Garrison as it were to defend the Papacy and train up a Militia of Spirituall Janisaries men most affectionately devoted to his See and Service Of these it is conceived that there are no fewer than a Million one half whereof at least may be fit for action and all maintained at other mens cost themselves not disbursing a penny towards it 4. Their Pardons and Indulgences are a great increase to their Revenue some of them as unlimited as that of Pope Boniface the eighth which was for 82000. yeers to all that could say such a Prayer of S. Augustines and that for every day Toties quoties 5. Their practising on Penitents whom they perswade in the very agony of their souls that there is no salvation for them but by giving part of their estates unto the Church 6. Nor have they found any small advantage to their Power and Patrimony by the invention of Spirituall Fraternities which are Appurtenances as it were to the Orders of Friers and may in number perhaps equall them Into these the Lay-people of all sorts men and women maried and single desire to be inrolled as hereby injoying the spirituall prerogatives of Indulgences and a more speedy dispatch out of Purgatory 3. Concerning the third 1. They deter the people from reading the Scripture alleging unto them the perills they may incur by mis-interpretation 2. They breed an Antipathy between the Papists and the Protestants insomuch that a Papist may not say Amen unto a Protestants Deo Gratias 3. They debar them from all sound of the Religion in prohibiting the Books of the Reformed Writers and hiding their own Treatises in which the Tenent of the Protestants is recited only to be confuted insomuch that in all Italie you shall seldom meet with Bellarmines works or any of the like nature to be sold 4. They have under pain of Excommunication prohibited the Italians from Travell and Traffick with Hereticall Countreys or such places where those contagious sounds and sights as they term them might make them return infected 5. The Severity or Tyranny rather of the Inquisition of which we shall speak more at large when we come to Spain crusheth not onely the beginnings but the smallest suspitions of being this way addicted And 6ly The people thus restrained from Travell are taught to believe that the Pritestants are Blasphemers of God and all his Saints that in Englard Churches are turned to Stables the people are grown barbarous and eat young children that Geneva is a professed Sanctuary of Roguery and the like We have yet two later examples of their dealing in this kind First the gross slander of the Apostacy or as they call it the Reconciliation unto their Church of the Right Reverend Father in God Dr. King not long since the Lord Bishop of London a Prelate of too known a faith and zeal to give occasion for such a calumny The second a book by them published and commonly sold in Italie and France containing a relation of Gods Judgements shown on a sort of Protestant Hereticks by the fall of an house in St. Andrews Parish in London in which they were assembled to hear a Geneva Lecture Octob. 26. A. D. 1623. By which dealing the simple people are made to believe that to be a judgment on us of the Protestant party which the Authors of that Pamphlet well know to be a calumnie in regard of us and a sad chance I will not say a judgment which befell their own by a fall of a Chamber in Black-Friers where they were met to hear the Sermon of one Druris a Popish Priest and that too on the fift of November in their own accompt being the 26. of October before mentioned The Popedom being thus cunningly and strongly founded it cannot be if the Popes had been chosen young or of the same Family so that the Successor had not often crossed the designs of his Predecessor but that this new Monarchie had been greater and better established than ever the old Roman Empire was in her greatest glory And to say truth I have oft wondred with my self that some of the more active Popes especially such as were chosen young and had the happiness to descend of noble Families did never seek the setling of this Estate in their own Posterity especially considering the good Precedents
young wives and maids that most of then died immediatly after The men and women were put to the sword the children were 〈◊〉 800 men were murdered in a Cave and 40 women put together in an old Barn and â—uâ—ned Yea such was the cruelty of these Souldiers to these poor women that when some of them had clambred to the top of the house with an intent to leap down the Souldiers beat them book again with their pikes The Massacre of Paris was more cunningly plotted A Peace was made with the â—rotestants for the assurance whereof a marriage was solemnized between Henry of 〈◊〉 chief of the Protestant party and the Lady Marguerite the Kings sister At this Wedding there assembled the Prince of Conde the Admirall Coligni and divers others of chief note but there was not so much Wine drank as Bloud shed at it At Midnight the Watch-bell rung the King of Nazarre and the Prince of Conde are taken Prisoners the Admirall murdered in his Bed and 30000 at the least of the greatest and most potent Men of the Religion sent by the way of this Râ—d Seâ— to find the neerest paâ—sage to the 〈◊〉 of â—anan Anno 1572. Yet notwithstanding these Massacres and the long and frequent Wars which were made against them by their Kings they grew so numerons and got unto so great a power that partly by Capitulations with the French Kings at the End of every 〈◊〉 War but principally by the connivence of K. Henry the fourth who was sometimes the Head of their partie they had gotten above an hundred walled Towns and Garrisons and were absolute Masters in effect of all those Provinces which lie along the Aquitain shore and the Pyrerees from the Mediterranean Sea to the River of Loyre But being grown too insolent by reason of so great a strength and standing upon terms with the King as a Free Estate the Commonwealth of Rochâ—ll as King Henry the fourth was used to call it they drew upon themselves the jealousie and furie of King Lâ—â—â—s the thirteenth Who seeing that he could not otherwise dissolve the knot of their combination than by the sword drew it out at last And was so fortunate in the success of his Vndertakings that in two years viz. Anno 1621. 1622. he stripped them of all their walled Towns except Mentalban and Rochell onely and those too he reduced not long after by the power of his Arms Leaving them nothing to relie on for their future security but the grace and cleâ—e of their King promerited by their obedience and integritie And it hath sped so well with them since that time that they never had the exercise of their Religion with so much freedom as they have hitherto enjoyed since the reducing of their Forts and Garrisons to the Kings obedience The other Party in Religion having the Countenance of the State and the prescription and possession of so many yeers to confirm the same is in as prosperous a condition both for power and pâ—trimoni as any that acknowledgeth the Authority of the Popes of Rome In point of Patrimâ—nie the Author of the Cabinet computes the Tythes and Temporall Revenues of the Clergie besides provisions of all sorts to 80 millions of Crownes but this Accompt is disallowed by all knowing men Bodâ—â— reporteth from the mouth of Monsieur Alemant one of the Presidents of Accompts in Paris that they amount to 12 millions and 300000 of their Livres which is 1200000 l. of our English money and he himself conceiveth that they possess seven parts of twelve of the whole Revenues of that Kingdom The Book entituled Comment â—'Est gives a lower estimate and reckoning that there are in France 200 millions of Arpens which is a Measure somewhat bigger than our Acre assigneth 47 millions which is neer a fourth part of the whole to the Gallicane Clergy And then it is resolved by all That the Baisonam as they call it which consists of Offerings Churchings Buâ—â—ls Dâ—riâ—es and such like Casualties amounteth to as much per annum as their standing Rents Upon which ground Sir Edwâ—n Sandys computeth their Râ—venne at 6 millions yeerly And to say truth there needs a very great Revenue to maintein their numbers there being reckoned in this Kingdom 13 Arch-Bishops 104 Bishops 1450 Abbies 540 Arch-Priories 1232 Priories 5â—â— Nunneries â—00 Convents of Friers 259 Commanderies of Malta besides the Colleges of the 〈◊〉 which being of a late foundation are not here accompted And for the Parish-Priests they are reckoned at 130000 of all sorts taking in Deacons Subdeacons and all those of inferiour Orders which have some Ministery in their Churches the number of which was reckoned in the time of King Lewis the 11th to be little lesse than 100000. But then 't is like that Charteries and 〈◊〉 happeâ— went in that Accompt or else the Hugenots in the Wars have destroyed more Churches than they are like to build in hast there being found in France on a just Accompt no more than 2â—400 Parish Churches besides Oratories and Chappels of Ease appertaining to them In which there are supposed to live 15 millions of people whereof the Clergy and the Ministers depending on them doe make up 3 millions which is a fift part of the whole And for their power the Gallâ—an Clergy stand's more stoutly to their naturall rights against the usurpations and encroachments of the See of Rome than any other that live under the Popes Autoritie which they acknowledge so far only as is consistent with their own privileges and the rights of their Soveraign For neither did they in long time submit to the Decrees of the Councill of Trent nor have they yet admitted of the Inquiâ—â—ion nor yeeld such store of Grist to the Popes Mill as probably might redound to him from so rich a Clergie And for his Temporal power over Kings and Princes it is a doctrine to averle from the Positions and Principles of the Gallican Church that in the year 1610. the Divines of Paris published a Declaration in which it was affirmed That the doctrine of the Popes Supremacy was an Erroneous doctrine and the ground of that hellish position of deposing and killing Kings And this indeed hath constantly been the doctrine of the Gallican Church since the time of Gerson mainteining the Autoritie of a Councill above that of the Pope But to proceed The men most eminent for learning of either side have been besides those mentioned in the Alpine Provinces Peter du Mouliu highly commended for his Eloquence by the pen of Balsac Fr. Junius a moderate and grave Divine Chamiet the Controverser and Philip de Morney Lord of Plessis Of the other party â—laudius Espencaeus a Sorbon Doctor the famous Cardinall of Peron Genebrard the Historian Petavius a learned Iesuite c. In the middle times S. Bernard Abbot of Clarevalle Pet. Lambard Bishop of Paris Iohn Gerson Chancellor of that University More antiently Prosper of Aquitain Cassianus the Hermit Irenaeus the renowned Bishop
Countrie the worst peece of France onely remarkable for the Lords or owners of it formerly of the house of Foix one of which was that Iohn de Foix created Earl of Kendall and Knight of the Garter by King Henry the sixth but better known in English stories by the name of Capitall or Capdau de Buche the Lords hereof having no higher title than that of Captain III. GASCOIGNE the third and largest part of the Dukedom of Aquitain hath on the East Languedoc from which parted by the River Garond on the West the Pyrenean mountains which divide it from Spain on the North Perigort Quercu and some part of Guienne and on the South a main tract of the Pyrenees running on to Languedoc The Countrie generally fruitfull but of Wines especially brought hence to Bourdeaux as the Staple for that commodity and thence transported into England in great abundance The antient Inhabitants hereof were the Auscii Lastoraces Convenares Conserani c. making up a great part of the Province of Novempopulonia united in this name of Gascoigne on the conquest of it by the Vâ—scones a Spaniâ— Nation who fell in here during the reign of Dagobert the 11th King of the French And though subdued by Clovis the second Sonne of Dagobert yet they left their name unto the Countrie divided afterwards according to the chief Signeuries and Estates thereof into 1 the Principalitie of Bearn 2 the Earldoms of Foix 3 Comminges 4 Bigorre 5 Armaignac 6 Albret and 7 the Countrie of Agenois 1 The Principalitie of BEARN is situate at the foot of the Pyrenees where they joyn to Langnedoc so called from Benearnum a principall Citie of this tract mentioned by Antoninus and others of the antient Writers The Countrie of good pasturage though amongst the mountains affording plenty of Cattell butter and cheese and in some places wines also little inferiour in taste and colour to the best of France and many medicinall springs issuing from the hills adjoyning The Religion here as generally in all Gascoigne is that of the Reformed Churches introduced about the year 1560 or rather then confirmed by publick autority of the King and Queen of Navarre at what time the Mass Tithes Church-lands and the Prelates Votes in Parliament according to the Genevian way of Reformation were condemned together And so it stood untill the yeer 1620 when by the power and autority of Lewis the 13th King of France and Navarre the Prelates were restored to their Votes and Lands the Clergie to their Tithes and Mass caused also to be said in some of their Churches yet so that those of the Reformed were left unto the free exercise of their own Religion as in former times The principall Towns hereof are 1 Orthes the same which antiently was called Benearnum 2 Lescar a Bishops See the antient seat and habitation of the Princes of Bearn 3 Oleron a Bishops See also mounted upon a high hill in the more mountainous parts of the Countrie 4 Saineterrae well garrisoned since the reduction of this Countrie to the Kings obedience 5 Pau the principall of all the Province honoured with a Parliament or Court of Iudicature for all the Countrie and a fair Palace of the Prince built by Henry of Albret King of Navarre and Lord of Bearn and the Seat of him and his Successors till the comming of King Henry the 4th to the Crown of France 6 Grenade upon the Frontire towards Begorre This Countrie for a long time followed the fortune of Aquitain and in the generall dismembring of the French Empire had its own Proprietaries who were the absolute Lords of it acknowledging no Superiour for ought I can find Increased with the Earldom of Begorre by the mariage of Gaston Prince of Bearn with the Heir of that House united to the Earldom of Foix by the mariage of Roger Bernard Earl of Foix with Margaret Daughter of that Gaston and Heir of Bearn Anno 1263 afterwards added to the Crown of Navarre by the mariage of Gaston Earl of Foix and Sovereign of Bearn with Eleanor the Heir of that Kingdom Anno 1481. descending with that Crown upon Henry of Bonrbon King of Navarre and afterwards of France by the name of Henry the fourth but governed by him alwayes as a State distinct without relation or resort to the Crown of France But Lewis the 13 his Sonne finding some inconvenience in that distinction incorporated it for ever to the rest of his Dominions An. 1620 though not without some opposition from the Subjects of Bearn which he was fain to over-bear by his personall presence and the advantage of such Forces as he carried with him Since reckoned as a part of that Kingdom awed as the rest of France by Forts and Garrisons and governed in Civil matters by the Parliament established at Pau the Judges and Counsellors thereof at the Kings appointing 2 The Earldom of FOIX is situate on the West of Languedoc Commingeois interposing betwixt it and Bearn Chief Towns hereof are 1 Maseros on the Garond a Bishops See 2 Pamieres a Bishops See also seated on the River Lagiere 3 Foix on the same River called in Latine Fuxium and the Earls hereof Comites Fuxiensos the chief seat of the Flussates in the times of the Râ—mans now giving name to all the Countrie 4 Mirande in the Countie of Esterac and the chief thereof but otherwise of no great Accompt 5 Savardun and 6 Monthault two strong peeces 7 Mirepoix aâ—piduus Mirapensâ— a Bishops See also but of no note otherwise The olf Inhabitants of this tract besides the Flussates abovementioned were called Vaccaei perhaps of the abundance of Kine bred in the pastures hereof upon which ground the Earls of Foix have for their Arms. 3 Cowes passant Gules horned and hoofed Azure in a Feild Or. The first of these Earls was Bernard of Carcassone advanced to this honour by Raimond Earl of Thâ—louse who had then the Soveraigntie hereof Anno 1062. Roger Bernard the ninth Earl united Bearn to his Estate as before is said whose Grand-child Isabeâ— the male issue failing conveyed the whole Estate to Archembald Lord or Captain of Buche in the Province of Guienne Gaston the Nephew of this Archembald by his Eldest Sonne Iohn was for his many good services to Charles the 7th made a Peer of France and by his mariage with Eleanor or Leanora Daughter and Heir of John King of 〈◊〉 united that Kingdom to his house though he enjoyed it not in his own person By means or which Alâ—iances and other improvements of Estate this Familie grew to so great power an reputation that there were four Queens at one time descended from it viz. Catharine Queen of 〈…〉 Queen of Castilâ— Anne Queen of France and Anne Queen of Hungarie and 〈◊〉 Before which time I mean the addition of Navarre to their other Estates the Earles of 〈◊〉 were in so high esteem in the Court of France that in all publick Ceremonies they took place of the
made the first Earl of Provence by Boson the first King of Burgundiâ— He was after King of Burgundiâ— and Italie also 2 William d' Arles the Sonne of Hugh 3 Gâ—llert â—arl of Provence the Father oâ— the Lady Doulce 1082. 4 Raymond Aâ—nold Earl of Barcelone the Husband of the Ladie Daâ—lce of Provence 1131. 5 Berengâ—r Raymond the 2d Sonne of Raymond Arnold and the Ladie Doulce 6 Raymond II. Sonne of Berengar Raymond 1173. 7 Alfonso King of Aragon and E. of Barcilone the Sonne and Heir of Raymond Earl of Barcelone eldest Sonne unto Raymond Arnold and the Ladie Doulce 1196. 8 Alforso II. second sonne of Alfonso the first succeeded in the Earldom of Provence his elder Brother Pedâ—o inheriting the Realm of Aragon and the Earldom of Barcelone 9 Raymond III. Sonne of Alâ—onso the last Earl of Provence of this Line 1261. 10 Charles of Valois Earl of Anjou and in right of Beatrix his Wife one of the Daughters of Raymond the 3d Earl of Provence He was also King of Naples Sicil c. 1282. 11 Charles II. King of Naples and Earl of Provence 1310. 12 Robert King of Naples and Earl of Provence 1342. 13 Ioan Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence 1371. 14 Lewis Duke of Anjou the adopted Sonne of Queen Ioan Earl of Provence and titularie King of Naples c. Of whose descent from Charles de Valois Earl of Anjou and Provence wee have spoke elsewhere 1385. 15 Lewis II. Duke of Anjou Earl of Provence c. 1416. 16 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou Earl of Provence c. 1430. 17 Renè Brother of Lewis Duke of Anjou c. 1480. 18 Charles Earl of Maine Sonne of Charles Earl of Maine the Brother of Renè succeded in all the estates and titles of his Vncle and at his death gave Provence to King Lewis the 11th his Cousin German as being the Sonne of Charles the 7th and Mary Daughter of Lewis the 2d Duke of Anjou Sister of Lewis the 3d and Renè the preceding Dukes and of Charles Father of this Charles the last Earl of Provence Immediately on whose decease Decemb. 19th Anno 1481. the King sent a Commission to Palamede de Forban Lord of Sollieâ— Câ—amberlain of Earl Charles to take possession of the Countrey in his name and command there in as Leiutenant Generall Since which time Provence never was dismembred from the Crown of France so much as in the way of Apennage or any honourarie title amongst the Kings Children What the Revenues of it were to the former Earls I am not able to say having no good autoritie to proceed upon Onely I find that besides the Lands belonging to the Earls hereof and oâ—her cuâ—omâ—ry and casuall Taxes there was a Tax called the 〈…〉 being sixteen Florens levied upon every fire which reckoning 3500 fires for such the estimate oâ— them was amounted yearly unto 50000 Fioreâ—s Now it is subject to the rigour and uncertainty of the Kings Taxations as well as all the rest of France And so much of those Provinces which properly made up the Kingdoms of the French and Gothes let us next look on those which at the same time were subdued by the Burgundians whose History Kingdom and Estate are to be considered before we come to the description of their severall Provinces The Kingdom of BURGUNDY THe Kingdom of the BURGUNDâ—ANS at their first settlement in Gaul contained all those Provinces of the Roman Empire then called the 〈…〉 and Poenâ—nae Maxima Sequarorum Lugannensis Primâ— and Viennensis now passing under the new names of the Dâ—bâ—dom and County of Burgundy Switzerland the Grisons 〈◊〉 Saâ—oy La Bâ—esse Daulâ—hne Laonois and some part of the Dukedom of Bourben A â—air and large quantity of ground able at once to tempt and satisfie an ambitious Nation But the Burgundiâ—ns came not into Gâ—ulâ— of their own accord though of their own accord they drew somewhat neer it In their Originall they were a people bordering neer the Vandals if not a Tribe or Sept of them and dwelling in those parts in which are now the Dukedoms of Meckâ—nhurg and Pomerania At the time that Dâ—usuâ— and Tiberius warred in Germany they were utterly barbarous living in Tents only here and there clapped up Which being in their own language called â—urgâ— gave them the name of Burgundians amongst the Romans in the same sense as the wild Arabs had â—he name of Scenitae amongst the Greâ—ks from the like kinde of living In the yeer 416. at the instigation of the Vandals they left their own seats and planted themselves in the Towns and Villages belonging now to the Marquesses of â—aden and Electors of the Rhene About which time they received the Christian Faith being then miserably oppressed by the Hunnes breaking upon them out of Pannenia Not finding any other way to free themselves of that Enemie they betook themselves to the God of the Christiâ—â—s and were universally baptized After which falling on the Hunnes they slew no less than 30000 of them in one battell from that time forwards never troubled with that barbarous Nation Christians then they were and Orthodox in their profession before their coming into Gaule and for that reason called in by Stilico to oppose the French then threatning an invasion of the Roman Provinces Upon this invitation they passed over the River with an Armie of 80000 fighting men possessing themselves of all which lay from the farthest shore of the Rhosue to the Alpes of Italy and from the mountain Vauge to the Mediterranean Provence onely excepted about the same time planted by the Gothes Their Government was under Kings Many according to their tribes when they lived in Germany Monarchicall when setled in the Realm of France where they had these five Kings of the Burgundians A. Ch. 408. 1 Tibica who first brought the Burgundians into Gaule 2 Gundioch 3 Gundebault Vncle to Clotilda Wife to Clovis the fift King of the French by her perswasion made inclinable to the Christian Faith 4 Sigismund 5 Gundomar the Sonne of Sigismund first set upon by Clodemire the Sonne of Clovis King of Orleans whom he slew in battel neer Austun but afterward outed of his Kingdom by Childebert and Clotair Kings of Paris and Soissons in revenge of the death of their Brother Clodomire And so the Kingdom of the Burgundians fell unto the French after it had continued about 120 yeers Guntram the Sonne of Clotaire and Clovis one of the Sonnes of Dagobert the first being in their times honoured with the titles of Kings of Burgundy But the first time that the Kingdom of Burgundy â—etled amongst the French in the way of succession was in the partage of that vast Empire of Charlemaigne amongst the Children and posterity of Ludovicus Pâ—us In constituting of which Kingdom Provence was added to the reckoning to make this answerable to the other parts of that broken monarchie The first of these Fâ—â—â—ch Kings was Charles the youngest Sonne of Lotharius
Earldom by Charles the Grosse in the cantoning and dismembring of the Kingdom of Burgundie The Earldom containing at that time not only Lionois it self but also Forrest and Beaujolois before described The Earls hereof were at first onely Provinciall Governours but under the distractions of the German Empire they shifted for themselves and became hereditarie but long it held not in one hand For first the Earldom of Forrest and the Lordship or Signeurie of Beaujeu being taken out of it about the year 990. the rest of the Estate fell in some tract of time to the Bishops and Church of Lions but under the Soveraignty of the French Kings as Lords Paramount of it The places in it of most note are 1 Mascon Matisconum a Bishops See situate on the Soasne antiently a distinct Earldom from that of Lions one of the five as that of Lions was another which made up the Dukedom of Burgundie on this side of the Soasne purchased of William the last Earl hereof and of Elizabeth his Wife by King Lewis the 9th and afterwards subjected to the Jurisdiction and Court of Lions as it still continueth 2 Eschalas on the Rhosne on the South of Lions opposite to Vienne the chief Citie of the Lower Danlphine 3 Dandilli 4 Francheville 5 Chaumont and 6 Labrelle all somewhat Westward of that River but not much observable 7. Lions it self pleasantly seated on the confluence of the Soasne and the Rhosâ—e antiently a Roman Colonie testified by many old Inscriptions and honoured with a magnificent Temple dedicated by the Cities of France to Augustus Caesar now the most famous Mart of France and an Vniversitie by our Latine Writers called Lugdunum These Marts in former times were holden at Geneva from thence removed hither by King Lewis the 11th for the enriching of his own Kingdom When Iulio the 2d had excommunicated Lewis the 12th he commanded by his Apostolicall autoritie that they should be returned to Geneva again but therein his pleasure was never obeyed the Marts continuing still at LIONS as a place more convenient and capacious of that great resort of French Dutch and Italian Merchants which frequent the same As for the Vniversitie questionless it is very antient being a seat of learning in the time of Caius Caligula For in those times before an Altar consecrated to Augustus Caesar in the Temple spoken of before this Caligula did institute some exercises of the Greek and Roman Eloquence the Victor to be honoured according to his merit the vanquished either to be ferulaed or with their own tongues to blot and expunge their writings or to be drowned in the River adjoyning Hence that of Iuvenal Vt Lugdunensem Rhetor dicturus ad Aram applied to dangerous undertakings In the time of the Romans first comming into Gaule it was the chief Citie of the Hedui and Secusiani afterwards the Metropolis of Lugdunensis Prima The Archbishop hereof is the Metropolitan of all France and was so in the time of S. Irenaeus one of the renowned Fathers in the Primitive Church who was Bishop here In this Town lived Peter Waldo a wealthy Citizen about the time of Frederick Barbarossa Emperour of Germanie who being a devout and conscientious man sensible of the many errours and corruptions in the Church of Rome distributed the greatest part of his riches amongst the poor and betook himself to meditation and studying of the holy Scriptures In the carnall eating of CHRISTS body the substraction of the Cup in the blessed Sacrament in matter of Purgaterie the Supremacie adoration of Images Invocation of the Saints departed and many other points of moment he held opinions contrary unto those of Rome and little different from those of the present Reformed Churches And yet it may not be denied but that amongst some good Wheat there were many Tares which gave the juster colour to their Adversaries to exclame against them Being much followed in regard of his pietie and charitie he got unto himself and them the name of Pauperes de Lugduno or the Poor men of Lions given in derision and contempt Afterwards they were called Waldenses by the name of Waldo the beginner of this Reformation and by that name opposed and writ against by Frier Thomas of Walden The French according to their manner of Pronunciation drowning the L. and changing the W. into V. call them commonly Vaudois by which name they occurre in the stories of that State and Language But Lyens proving no safe place for them they retired into the more desart parts of Languedoc and spreading on the banks of the River Alby obtained the name of Albigenses as before was said Supported by the two last Earls of Tholouse they became very masterfull and insolent Insomuch that they murdered Trincanell their Viscount in Beziers and dashed out the teeth of their Bishop having taken Sanctuarie in S. Magdalens Church one of the Churches of that Citie Forty yeers after which high outrage the divine Providence gave them over to the hand of the Crâ—isadas under the conduct of the French Kings and many other noble Adventurers who sacrified them in the self-same Church wherein they had spoyled the blood of others About the yeer 1250 after a long and bloodie War they were almost rooted out of that Countrie also The remnants of them being bettered by this affliction betook themselves unto the mountains lying betwixt Daulphine Provence Piemont and Savoy where they lived a godly and laborious life painfully tilling the ground re-building villages which formerly had been destroyed by Warre teaching the very Rocks to yeeld good pasturage to their Cattel insomuch as places which before their comming thither scarce yeelded four Crowns yeerely were made worth 350 Crowns a yeer by their care and industrie Lasciviousness in speech they used not Blasphemie they abhorred nor was the name of the Devil in the way of execration ever heard amongst them as their very enemies could not but confess when they were afterward in troubles The Crimes alleged against them were That when they came into any of the neighbouring Churches they made no address unto the Saints nor bowed before such Crosses as were erected in the high-wayes and streets of Towns Great crimes assuredly when greater could not be produced And so they lived neither embracing the Popes doctrines nor submitting unto his Supremacie for the space of 300 yeers uutouched unquessiooned even till the latter end of the reign of King Francis the first But then the Persecution raging against the Lutherans they were accused condemned and barbarously murdered in the Massacres of Merindol and Chabriers before mentioned After which time joyning themselves with the rest of the Protestant partie they lost the name of Vaudois by which called before and pass in the Accompt of the Reformed Churches of France enjoying the same privileges and freedom of Conscience as others of the Reformed doe And though I look not on these men and their Congregations as founders of the Protestant Church or of the
6 Alaricus 21. 512. 7 Gensalaric 3. 515. 8 Amalaric 11. 526. 9 Theudes 18. 543. 10 Theodogisdus 3. 546. 11 Agila 5. 551. 12 Athanagildus 14. 565. 13 Luiba 3. 568. 14 Leonigild 18. 586. 15 Richared 15. 601. 16 Luiba II. 2. 603. 17 Victoricus 7. 610. 18 Gundemaris 20. 630. 19 Sisebulus 9. 639. 20 Richared II. 2. 641. 21 Suintilla 3. 644. 22 Siseranda 7. 651. 23 Suintilla II. 4. 655. 24 Tulgas 2. 657. 25 Vidisuindus 10. 667. 26 Recesuind 13. 680. 27 Bamba 9. 689. 28 Ering 7. 696. 29 Egypea 7. 703. 30 Vitiza 13. 716. 31 Roderick the last King of the Goths in Spain elected to the prejudice of the Sonnes of Vitiza which after proved the ruine and overthrow of the Kingdom For though the Kingdom went for the most part by Election yet had they respect to the next of blood as at this time in Poland and Bohemia very few interlopers being here admitted yet some there were who either by their merit or some opportunity got the possession of the Kingdom though not at all relating to the Royall family Of which kind were Theudis an Ostro-Goth sometimes the Governour hereof for Theodorick King of the Gothes in Italy Protectour of this Kingdom in the minority of Amalaric and Theudegisolus Nephew to Totilas one of the successors to Theodoric The rest of principall note were 1 Theodoric the first slain in the battell neer Tholouze against Attila the Hunn in defence of his own Countries and the Roman Empire 2 Theodoric the second who beat the Nation of the Suevi out of Batica and 3 Leonigild or Leutigilde who deprived them of Galicia also 4 Reccaredus the first who first embraced the Catholick doctrine of the Church and rejected Arianisme and for that cause first honoured with the title of the Catholick King afterwards resumed by Alfonsus the first King of Leon and made hereditary by Ferdinand the King of Castile Aragon c. Grandfather unto Charles the fift 5 Euricus or Henricus as some call him as remarkeable for Civill Politie as Reccaredus for piety as being the Licurgus or Legâ—slator of this people not governed till his time by a written Law but either by uncertain customes or at the pleasure of such Officers as the Kings set over them 5 Suintilla Sonne of Reccaredus the second who having in the short time of his reign expelled the Roman forces out of Tingitana Anno 642. was the first Monarch of all Spain whereof Tingitana though on the other side of the Sea had been made a Province by the Emperour Constantine as before was said And of this Province was Iulianus Governour in the time of Rhoderick who being of the faction of the Sonnes of Vitiza stomacked his advancement to the Kingdom and thereby got the greater portion of the Kings displeasure Who sending him upon an Embassie to the Moores of Asrica in the mean time defloured his Daughter Cana which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moores amongst whom he had gotten much credit to come over into Spain This request they performed under the conduct of Musa and Tariffe and having made a full conquest subjected it to the great Caliphs or Mahometan Emperours It is recorded in a MS. History of the Saracens that at the first coming of Tariffe into Spain a poor woman of the Country being willingly taken prisoner fell down at his feet kissed them and told him that she had heard her Father who was lettered say that Spain should be conquered by a people whose Generall should have a Mole on his right shoulder and in whom one of his hands should be longer than the other He to animate his Souldiers against the next encounter uncloathed himself and shewed the marke which so encouraged them that they now doubted not the victory Roderick had in his Army 130000 foot and 35000 horse Tariff had 30000 horse and 180000 foot The battell continued seven days together from morning to night at last the Moores were victorious What became of King Roderick was never known his Souldiers took one arrayed in their Kings apparell whom upon examination they found to be a Sheepheard with whom the King after the discomfiture had changed cloathes It is written also in Rodericus Toletanus that before the coming of those Saracens King Roderick upon hope of some treasure did open a part of the Palace of long time forbidden to be touched but found nothing but Pictures which resembled the Moores with a Prophecie that whensoever the Palace was there opened the people there resembled should overcome Spain and so it hapned Anno 724. The Moores now Lords of Spain by the treason of Iulian who having seen the miserable death of his wife and children was starved in prison by the Africans permitted the free use of Religion to the old Inhabitants lest they seeking new dwellings for the liberty of Conscience should leave their native soyl desolate The Moores finished their conquest in five years say some others in two and some again in eight Moneths To keep the new conquered Country in subjection no way was so convenient as to plant Colonies but the Morisco women would not abandon their old seates Hereupon Musa and Tariffe by gifts pardons and perswasions drew many Christian women to forsake their Religion whom they maried to the Souldiers Not long after Vlâ—dor Vlit the great Caliph sent over about 50000 Families of Moores and Iewes assigning them a convenient portion of lands to be held with great immunities upon small rents These Politick courses notwithstanding the Moores long enjoyed not the sole Soveraignty herein for the Christians having now recovered breath chose themselves Kings and the Authority of the Caliphs declining gave the Moores liberty to erect divers petit royalties so that at last Spain fell into a thirteenfold division into the Kingdoms and proprietary estates of 1 Navarre 2 Biscay and 3 Guipuscoa 4 Leon and Oviedo 5 Gallicia 6 Corduba 7 Granada 8 Murcia 9 Toledo 10 Castile 11 Portugall and the Members of it 12 Valentia 13 Catalovia 14 the Kingdom of Majorca and 15 that of Aragon not to say any thing of the petit Kingdoms of Iaen Algozire and Sevill besides others of like nature to them erected by the factious and divided Moores but of short continuance all of them and of little note All now reduced at this day under the three governments of Castile Portugal and Aragon the Kingdoms and Estates of Leon Navarre Corduba Granada Gallicia Biscay Murcia and Toledo being under Castile Portugall with Algarve and the Isles of Azores an entire government of it self Valentia Catalonia and Majorca under that of Aragon 1. NAVARRE NAVARRE the first Kingdom for antiquitie in Spain is bounded on the East with the Principality of Bearn in the Kingdom of France on the West first with the River Ebro or Iberus and after with a little River falling into it neer Calaborra by which divided from Castile on the North with
Raymund and Petronill 34. 1196. 8 Pedro II. Sonne of Alfonso 1213. 9 Iames Sonne of Pedro the 2d 43. 127â— 10 Pedro III. Sonne of Iames. 9. 1285. 11 Alfonsâ— III. Sonne of Pedro the the 3d. 6. 1291. 12 Iames II. Brother of Alfonsâ— the 3d. 36. 1328. 13 Alfonsâ— IV. Son of Iames the 2d 8. 1336. 14 Pedro IV. Sonne of Alfoâ—so the 4th 51. 1387. 15 Iohn Sonne of Pedro the 4th 8. 1395. 16 Martin the Brother of 〈◊〉 17. 1412. 17 Ferdinand of Castile the Nephew of Pedro the â—th 4. 1416. 18 〈◊〉 V. 42. 1458. 19 Iohn II. Sonne of Ferdinand and Brother of Alfonso King of Navarre also in right of Blanch his Wise 20. 1478. 20 Ferdinand II. of that name of Aragon Sonne of Iohn the 2d King of Aragon and Navarre by a second Wife and the V. of that name of Castile and Leon which kingdoms he obtained by the mariage of Isabel or Elizabeth Sister and Heir of Henry the 4th uniting thereby the great Estates of Castile and Aragon and all Appendixes of either In which regard he may well challenge the first place in the Catalogue of the Monaâ—chs of Spain to be presented in due season In the mean time to draw to a conclusion of the Affairs and Estate of Aragon we are to understand that of all the kingdoms which belong to the Spaniard it is the most privileged and free from the absolute command of the Kings of Spain having in it such a temper or mixture of Government as makes the Kings hereof to be well-nigh titular of little more autority than a Duke of Venice For at the first erecting of this Estate the better to incourage the people to defend themselves against the Moores they had many Privileges indulged them and amongst others the creating of a Iustitiar of popular Magistrate which like the Ephori of Sparta had in some cases superioritie over their Kings reversing their judgements cancelling their Grants and sometimes censuring their Proceedings And though King Philip the 2d in the busines of Antonio de Perez had made a Conquest of that kingdom and annulled their Privileges yet after of his own meer goodness he restored them in part again as they continue at this day Chief Orders of Knight-â—ood in this kingdom are 1 Of S. Saviour instituted by Alfonso the first Anno â—118 to animate the Members of it against the Moores Of the habit and customs of this Order I have met with nothing 2 Of Montesa instituted by Iames the first King of Aragon Anno 1270 or thereabouts endowed with all the Lands of the Templars before dissolved lying in Valentia together with the Town and Castle of Montesa made the Seat of their Order whence it took the name Subject at first unto the Master of the Order of Calatrava out of which extracted and under the same Rule of Cisteaux But after by the leave of Pope Benedict the 13th they quitted themselves of that subjection and in sign thereof changed the Habit of Calatrava which before they used to a Red Cross upon their Brests now the badge of the Order The Arms of Aragon since possessed by the Earls of Barcelone are Or four Pallets Gules before which they were Azure a Cross Argent THE MONARCHIE OF SPAIN THus having spoke of Spain and the Estate thereof when broken and divided into many kingdoms let us next look upon it as united into one main body effected for the most part by Ferdinand the last King of Aragon before mentioned Before which time Spain being parcelled into many kingdoms was little famous and less feared the Kings thereof as the Author of the Politick Dispute c hath well observed being only Kings of Figs and Orenges Their whole puissance was then turned against one another and small Achievements had they out of that Continent except those of the House of Aragon upon Sicilie Saraiâ—â—a and the Baleares â—huanus a diligent Writer of the Historie of his own times if in some things he savour not more of the Partie than the Historian telleth us that before this Kings Reign the name and glory of the Spaniards was like their Countrey hemmed in by the Seas on some sides and the 〈◊〉 on the other Potius patuisse exteris invadentibus quâ—m quicquam memâ—rab le extra suos sines 〈◊〉 T is true that 〈◊〉 the Great King of Navarre assumed unto himself the 〈◊〉 King of Spain and that Alfonso the first of Castile and the sixt of Leon caused himself to be crowned Emperour of Spain in the Cathedral Church of Leon Titles ambitiously affected upon no good ground and such as ended with their Persons But this Prince worthily named the Great seized on the Kingdom of Navarre conquered Granada from the Moores subdued the Kingdom of Naples united Aragon to Castile banished 124000 Families of the Jewes began by the Conduct of Columbus the discoverie of the Western Indies and finally by marying his Daughter Ioan to Philip Sonne of the Emperour Maximilian Duke of Burgundy and Lord of the greatest part of the Netherlands laid the Foundation of the present Austrian greatness Continued since by so many intermariages betwixt the Spanish and Imperiall Branches of that potent Family that Philip the second might have called the Archduke Albertus Brother Cousin Nephew and Sonne A strange Medley of Relations Thus by the puissance of this Prince the Spaniards became first considerable in the eye of the World and grew to be a terror to the neighbouring Nations Nomen Hispanicum obscurum antea et Vicinis pene incognitum saith the same Thuanus tum primùm emersit tractuque temporis in tantam magnitudinem excrevit ut formidolosum ex eo terribile toti terrarium Orbi esse coeperit And he saith true with reference to the French and Italian Nations to whom the Spaniards have administred no small matter of fear and terrour though unto others they appear no such dreadfull Bugg-Bears But sure it is and we may warrantably speak it without any such impressions of fear and terror that this Kingdom since that time is wonderfully both enlarged and strengthned strongly compacted in it self with all the Ligaments both of Power and State and infinitely extended over all the parts of the World his Dominions beholding as it were both the rising and setting of the Sun which before the Spaniard no Monarch could ever say A greater change than any man can possibly imagine to have been effected in so short a time as was between the first yeer of Ferdinand the Catholick to the last yeer of Charles the fift Concerning the title of the most Catholick King re-attributed to this Ferdinand I find that Alfonso the first of Oviâ—do was so named for his sanctity with whom it died and was revived in Alfonso the Great the twelfth King of Leon and Oviedo by the grant of Pope Iohn the 8th After it lay dead till the dayes of this Prince who re-obtained this title from Pope Alexander the sixt either
and untractable People The Government of this Country since the first Conquest by the English hath been most commonly by one Supreme Officer who is sometimes called the 〈…〉 most generally the Lord Deputy of Ireland than whom no Vice-Roy in all 〈◊〉 hath greater power or 〈◊〉 nearer the Majesty of a King in his Train and State For his assistance â—e hath a Privie Councell attending on him though resident for the most part at Duâ—lin and in emergencies or cases of more difficult nature proceedeth many times in an arbitrary way without formalities of Law And for their Laws which are the standing Rule of all civil Government they owe their being and original to the English Parliaments For in the reign of â—ing Henry the 7th Sir â—â—award Pâ—ynâ—ngs then Lord Deputy caused an Act to pass in the Irish Parliament whereby all laws 〈◊〉 Statutes which were made in England before that time were to be entertained and 〈◊〉 in force as the Laws of Ireland On which foundation they have raised many Superstructures both of Law and Government enacted in their own Parliaments summoned by the Lord Deputy at the Kings appointment in which by an other Statute made in the time of the said Poynings the people are inabled to make Laws for their own good Governance conditioned they were first transmitted to the Court of England to be considered oâ— by the King before they were Voted to in either of the houses of the Irish Parliaments Which Laws commmonly called Pâ—ynings Laws have hitherto continued in force amongst them though the last much stomaked and repined at not only as a badge of their Subjection to the Crown of England but as a Curb or Martingall to hold them in Yet notwithstabding these good Laws and the ample power of their Commission the Lord Deputies could never absolutely subdue the Iland or bring the People to any civill course of life the Fathers inflicting a heavy curse on all their posterity if ever they should sow Corn build houses or Learn the English tongue To this indisposition of the Irish themselves let us adde the defects of the Kings of England and Irish Deputies in matters of civill policie as I find them particularized by Sir John Davies in his worthy and piâ—hy discourse of this Subject I will only glean a few of them First then saith he a barbarous Country is like a field overgrown with wees which must first be well broken with the Plough and then immediately Sown with good and profitable seed so must a wild and uncivill people be first broken and Ploughed up by War and then presently Sown with the seed of good Laws and discipline lest the weeds revive in the one and ill manners in the other Here then was the first defect in our English Kings not to tame and take down the Stomacks and pride of this people though either civill or forrein wars perhaps occasioned this neglect and also the Irish Deputies who at such times as the people upon a small discomfiture were crest-faln neglected the so keeping of them by severity of discipline The second oversight concerneth particularly our Kings who gave such large possessions and regalities unto the first Conquerours that the people knew no Authority in a manner above their own immediate Lords Thirdly the Laws of England were not indifferently communicated to all the Irishrie but to some particular Families and Provinces only insomuch as there were but five great Lords of the Naturall Irish who had the benefit and protection of the Laws of England that is to say O Neale in Vlster O Connobâ—r in Connaught Mac Morrough in Lemster O Malaghlia in Meth O Brian in Twomâ—nd known by the name of Quâ—nque Sanguines in some old Records By means whereof the rest of the people being in the condition of Out-laws or at the best of Aliens had no incouragement either to build or plant or manure their Land or to behave themselves as Subjectâ— A fourth defect was more particularly in the Deputies or Lords Lieâ—tenants who having made good and wholsome Laws against the barbarous customes of the Common people and the merciless oppressions of the Lords never put any of them in execution as if they had been made for terror not for reformation Fiftly Adde unto these which Sir John Dâ—vies hath omitted the little care which was too often taken by the Kings of England in the choice of their Dâ—puties sometimes conferring that high Office as a Court-preferment without Relation unto the merits of the person and sometimes sending men of weak or broken fortunes who attended more their own profit than their Masters service and were more bent to fleece than to feed this Flock Siâ—thâ—y And yet besides there Errours of the Kings and Deputies in point of Government there was another and as great in the 〈◊〉 themselves who building all their Forts and Castles in the open Countries abandoned the Woods and Bogs and other Fastnesses to the naturall Irish the strength whereof not only animated them to Rebell upon all occasions but served too fitly to continue them in their antient 〈◊〉 In these terms of wildness and non-subjection stood Ireland till the latter end of Queen Elizabeths reign at what time the Rebellion of Hugh O Neal Earl of Vir Oen had ingaged almost all the Irishrie in that desperate Action which ending in the overthrow of that ingratefull Rebel and all his partizâ—ns not only crushed the overmuch powerablenesse of the Irish Nobility but made the finall and full conquest of the whole Nation So true it is that Every Pebellion when it is supprest doth make the Prince stronger and the Subjects weaker Ireland thus broken and ploughed up that glorious Queen died a victor over all her enemies and left the Sowing of it unto her successor King Iames who omitted no part of a skilfull Seedsman 1 Then there was an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Act of Oblivion made whereby all the offences against the Crown were remitted if by such a limited day the people would sue out their Pardons and by the same Act all the Irishrie were manumitted from the servitude of their Lords and received into the Kings immediat protection 2ly The whole kingdom was divided into Shires and Judges it inerant appointed to circuit them whereby it hath followed that the exactions of the Lords are said aside the behaviour of the people is narrowly looked into the passages before unknown unto our Souldiers are laid open by our Vnder-Sheriffes and Bayliffs and the common people seeing the benefit and security they enjoy by the English Laws and loth to plead alwayes by an Interpreter begin to set their children to School for the learning of the English tongue 3ly The Irish were not rooted out as in the first plantation in Lemster and the English onely estated in their rooms but were onely removed from the woods bogs and mountains into the plain and open countrey that being like wild trees transplanted they might grow the
Duke of Friâ—land against whom it held out 13 months and yeelded at the last upon good conditions anno 1628. 2 Tychenberg Tychopolis my Author cals it a Dutch mile from Crempe but on the very bank of the river Elb where it receives the Rhin a small River upon which it is seated first built and after very well fortified by Christiern the fourth of purpose to command the Elb and put a stronger bridle in the mouths of the Hamburgers anno 1603. now held to be the strongest peece of all his Dominions the onely Town of all this Dukedome which yeelded not to the prevailing Imperialists in their late wars against the Danes anno 1628. 3 Bredenberg a strong town belonging to the Rantzoves one of the best pieces of the Kingdome remarkable for the stout resistance which it made to Wallenstein Duke of Fridland in the war aforesaid who at last taking it by assault put all the souldiers to the sword 4 Pippenberg another strong place and of very great consequence 5 Jetzebo on the River Store 6 Gluck-Stude upon a Creek or Bay of the German Ocean repaired and fortified by the said Christiern the fourth who much delighted in the place to command the passage up the Elb. 7 Store 8 Hamburg upon the Billen where it falls into the Elb an antient City built in the time of the Saxons repaired by Charles the Great and walled by the Emperour Henry the fourth Accounted since that time an Imperiall City and made one of the Hanse on the first incorporating of those Towns Which notwithstanding on a controversie arising about that time betwixt the Earl of Holstein and the people hereof it was adjudged to belong to the Earles of Holst and that determination ratified by Charles the fourth anno 1374. In pursuance whereof the Hamburgers took the Oath of Allegeance to Christiern Earl of Oldenburg the first King of Denmark of that house as Earl of Holst acknowledging him and his successours for their lawfull Lords though since they have endeavoured to shake off that yoak presuming very much on their power at Sea and the assistance which they are assured of upon all occasions from the rest of the Hansetownes As for the Town it selfe it is seated in a large plain with fat and rich pastures round about it well fortified by art and nature the Haven being shut up with a strong iron chain The buildings for the most part of brick but more beautifull then well contrived and the streets somewhat of the narrowest The publick strâ—ctures very fair especially the Counsell house adorned with the Statua's of the nine Worthies carved with very great Art the Exchange or meeting place for Merchants and nine large Churches The Citizens generally rich masters of many as great ships as sail on the Ocean some of them 1200 tun in burden which bring in great profit besides the great resort of Merchants and their Factors from most places else sometimes the Staple town for the Cloth of England removed on some discontents to Stode and from thence to Holland It is observed that there was in this town at one time 177 Brewers and but 40 Bakers nor more then one Lawyer and one Physitian The reason of which dispropoâ—tion was that a Cup of Nimis was their only Physick their differences sooner ended over a Can then by order of Law and Bread being accounted but a binder and so not to be used but in case of necessity Betwixt the Rivers Store and Eydore coasting along the German Ocean lies the Province of DITMARSH most properly called Tuitschmarsh from the marishnesse of the ground and the Dutch Inhabitants or from a mixture of those people with the Marsi spoken of before The people being naturally of the Saxon race retain much of the stomach and animosity of the Antient Saxons never brought under the command of the Earles of Holst as Wagerland and Storemarsh were till Holst it selfe was joined to the Crown of Denmark And though it was aliened from the Empire by Frederick the third and given in Fee to Christiern Earl of Oldenburg the first King of that house anno 1474. yet would they not submit unto his authority but held it out against him and some of his successours whom in the year 1500 they vanquished in the open field till broken and made subject by the valour and good fortune of King Frederick the second anno 1559. Chief places in it are 1 Meldorp upon the Ocean the chief Town of the Province the Inhabitants of which are so wealthy that many of them cover their houses with copper 2 Londâ—n opposite to a Peninsula or Demi-Island called Elderstede on the West side whereof it standeth 3 Heininckste and 4 Tellinckste of which nothing memorable And as for HOLSTEIN it selfe the fourth and last member of this Estate though the first in power and reputation it taketh up the Inland parts betwixt Storemarsh and Juitland save that it hath an outlet into the Baltick on the Northwest of Wagerland Chiefe places in the which are 1 Kyel Chilonium in Latine seated upon a navigable Arm of the Baltick Sea parting Wagerland from the Dukedome of Sleswick a Town well traded and having a capacious haven seldome without good store of shipping from Germany Lifeland Sweden and the rest of Denmark 2 Rendesberg the best fortified peece in all this Province 3 Niemunster on the Northwest of the Sore not farre from the head of it 4 Wilstre on a small River so called 5 Bramstede 6 Borsholm not much observable but for a Monastery in which Henry one of the Earles hereof of a younger house turned Monk and dyed anno 1241. The antient Inhabitants of this and the other three were the Saxons Sigalones and Subalingii placed here by Ptolemie whom I conceive to be no other then some Tribes of the Cimbri of whom this Chersonese took name The two last passing into the name of the first and in the declination of the Roman Empire marching over the Elb and spreading all along the Coasts of the German Ocean molested with their piracies and depredations the shores of Britain Known by that means unto the Britains they were invited to assist them against the Scots which action with the aid of the Juites and Angli Inhabitants together with them of the Cimbrick Chersonese they performed so honestly as to make themselves masters of the best part of the Island Such as remained behinde not being able to defend their owne against the Sclaves were fain to quit the parts lying next to Mecklenburg which being peopled by the Wagrii tooke the name of VVagerland But the Saxons being vanquished by Charles the Great these on the North side of the Elb became a part of the great Dukedome of Saxonie and so continued till dismembred by Lotharius both Duke and Emperour who gave the proper Holst or Holstein specially so called with the Province of Storemarsh to Adolph Earl of Schaumburg who had deserved well of him in his wars with
my way I return again both to the place and to the Authoe In whose evidence besides what doth concern the imposition of the name of Christian upon the body of the faithful we have a testimony for Saint Peters being Bishop of An lock the first Bishop thereof of the Church of the Jews therein as lest as is said positively by Eusebius in his Chronologie Saint Hierome in his Catalogue of Ecclesiasticall writers Saint Chrysostonze in his Homilie de Translatione Ignatii Theodoret Dialog 1. Saint Gregory Epistol lib. 6. cap. 37. and before any of them by Origen in his sixt Homily on Saint Luke With reference whereunto and in respect that Antioch was accompted alwaies the principal City of the East parts of the Roman Empire the Prefect of the East for the most part residing in it the Bishop hereof in the first Ages of Christianity had jurisdiction over all the Churches in the East as far as the bounds of that Empire did extend that way To which by Constantine the Great the Provinces of Cilicia and Isauria with those of Mesopotamus and Osroent were after added Containing fifteen Roman Provinces or the whole Diocese of the Orient And though by the substracting of the Churches of Palestine and the decay of Christianity in these parts by the conquests of the Turks and Saracens the jurisdiction of this Patriarch hath bin very much lessened yet William of Tyre who flourished in the year 1130. reciteth the names of 13 Archiepiscopal 21 Metropolitical and 127. Episcopal Sees yielding obedience in his time to the See of Antoch Since which that number is much diminished Mahometanism more and more increasing and Christianity divided into Sects and factions insomuch as of three forts of Christians living in these Countreys viz. the Maronites Jacobites and Melchites onely the Melchites are subordinate to the Church of Antioch the others having Patriarels of their own Religion And first for the Melchites who are indeed the true and proper Members of the Church of Antioch and the greatest body of Christians in all the East they are so named in way of scorn by the Jacobite and Maronite Schismatick separating without just cause from their communion The name derived from Malchi signifying in the Syriack language a King or Emperour because adhering to their Primate they followed the Canons and decisions of preceding Councils ratisied by authority of the Emperour Leo by whom subscription was required to the Acts thereof and were in that respect as we use to say of the Kings Religion Conform in points of doctrine to the Church of Greece but that they celebrate divine service as solemnly on the Saturday as upon the Sunday subject to their true and original Patriarch who since the destruction of Antioch doth reside in Damaseus and on no terms acknowledging the authority of the Popes of Rome Next for the Maronites they derive that name either from Marona one of the principall Villages where they first inhabited or from the Monasterie of S. Maron mentioned in the first Act of the Council of Consumople holden under Mennas the Monks of which called Maronites were the head of their Sect. Some points they hold in which they differ from all Orthodox Christians others in which they differ onely from the Church of Rome Of the first sort 1. That the Holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father onely without relation to the Sonne 2. That the Souls of men were created all together at the first beginning 3. That male Children are not be Baptized together but at severall times by one and one 4. That Herenques returning to the Church are to be re-baptized 5. That the Child is made unclean by the touch of his Mother till her purification and therefore not Baptizing Children till that time be past which after the birth of a Male Child must be forty daies of a Female eighty 6. That the Euchirist is to be given to Children presently after Baptism 7. That the fourth Mariage is utterly unlawfull 8. That the Father may dissolve the mariage of his Sonne or Daughter 9. That young men are not to be Ordeived Priests or Deacons except they be maried 10. That nothing Strangled or of blood may be eaten by Christians 11. That Women in their monethly courses are not to be admitted to the Eucharist of to comeinto the Church 12. And finally which was indeed their first discrimination from the Orthodox Christians that there was but one will and action in Christ the Fautors of which opinion had the name of Monothelies Of the last kind 1. That the Sacrament of the Lords Supper was to be administred in both kinds 2. and in Leavened bread 3. that bread to be broken to the Communicants and not each man to have his waser to himself according to the first Institution 4. Not reserving that Sacrament 5. not carrying any part of the confecrated Elements to sick persons in danger of death 6. That Aleriage is nothing inferiour to the single life 7. That no man entreth the Kingdome of Heaven till the General Judgement 8. That the Saturday or old Sabbath is not to be fasted 9. nor the Sacrament upon dates of fasting to be administred till the Evening They withdrew themselves from the See of Antioch and set up a Patriark of their own many ages since but the certain time thereof I find not conferring on him for the greater credit of their Schism the honourable title of the Patriarch of Antioch His name perpetually to be Peter as the undoubted Successour of that Apostle in the See thereof Dispersed about the spurres and branches of Mount Libanus where they have many Townships and seattered Villages of which four are reported to retain in their common speech the true antient Syriack that is to say 1. Eden a small village but a Bishops See by the Turks called Aechera 2. Hatchteth 3. Sherrie 4. Bolesa or Blousa little superiour to the rest in bigness or beauty but made the seat of their Patriarch when he comes amongst them At such time as the Western Christians were possessed of these parts they submitted to the Church of Rome but upon their expulsion by the Turks and Saracens they returned again to the obedience of their own Patriarch on whom they have ever since depended His residence for the most part at Tripolis a chief Town of Syria but when he came to visit his Churches and take an accompt of his Suffragan Bishops who are nine in number then at Blousa as is said before Won to the Papacy again by John Baptist a Jesuite in the time of Pope Gregory the thirteenth who sent them a Catechism from Rome printed in the Arabian language which is generally spoken by them for their instruction in the Rudiments of that Religion yet so that their Patriarch still retains his former power and the Priests still officiate by the old liturgies of those Churches in the Syriack tongue So that this reconciliation upon the matter is but a matter of complement on
the River Eleutherus one of the Rivers of this Countrey so called from Arvad one of the Sonnes of Canaan alluded to by the Greeks and Romans in the name of Aradus by which this Isle was known unto them 2. By the vicinity which it hath to Palmyrene the Aram-Sobah of the Scriptures to which it joyneth on the East with the King whereof as bordering Princes use to be the Kings of Hamath for the most part were in open warre Of which fee 2 Sam. 8. 9 10. 1 Chr. 8. 9 10. 3. From the authority of Saint Hierome who finding mention in the Prophet Amos cha 6. v. 2. of a City named Hamath the Great determineth it to be that City which afterwards was called Antiochia the principall City of this part and indeed of Syria the title of Great being added to it to difference it from some other Cities of this name of inferiour note And 4. from comparing the places in Scripture with the like passage in Josephus the Historiographer The Scripture telleth us that Hierusalem being forced by the Babylonians Zedekias the King was brought Prisoner to Nabuchadnezzer being then at Riblath 2 Kings c. 2. v. 6. to Riblath in the Land of Hamath v. 21. where the poor Prince first saw his Children slain before his face and then miserably deprived of fight that he might not see his great misfortunes was led away to Babylon Ask of Josephus where this sad tragedy was acted and he will tell us that it was at Reblatha or Riblah a City of Syria Antiqu. l. 10. c. 10. and if we ask Saint Hierome what he thinks of Reblatha he will tell us that it was Urbs ea quam nunâ— Antiochiam vocant the City which in following times was called Antioch On these grounds I conceive this part of Syria to be the land of Hamath intended in the Texts of scripture above-cited though there were other Towns and Territories of the same name also The Countrey is naturally fertile the hedges on the high-way sides affording very good fruits and the adjoining fields affording to the Passenger the shade of Fig-trees Were it not naturally so it would not be much helped by Art or Industry as being very meanly peopled and those few people without any incouragement either to plant fruits or manure the Land Their Sheep are commonly fair and fat but so overladed in the tail both with flesh and fleece that they hang in long wreathes unto the ground dragged after them with no small difficulty Pliny observes it in his time that the tails of the Syrian Sheep were a Cubit long and had good store of wooll upon them Natur. Hist l. 8. c. 48. And modern Travellers report that the tails of these sheep do frequently weigh 25 pound weight and sometimes 30 pounds and upwards The like hath also been affirmed of the sheep of Palestine comprehended in old times in the name of Syria And that may probably be the reason why the rumpes or tails of sheep and of no beast else were ordained to be offered up in sacrifice of which Levit. 3. v. 9. But besides the store of Wooll which they have from the sheep they have also great plenty of Cotton Wooll which groweth there abundantly with the seeds whereof they sow their fields as we ours with Corn. The stalk no bigger than that of Wheat but as tough as a Beans the head round and bearded in the size and shape of a Medlar and as hard as a stone which ripening breaketh and is delivered of a white soft Bombast intermixed with seeds which parted with an instrument they keep the Seeds for another sowing and fell the Wooll unto the Merchant a greater quantity thereof issuing from that litle shell than can be imagined by those who have not seen it The people heretofore were very industrious especially about their gardens the fruitful effects whereof they found in the increase of their herbs and plants Whence the Proverb Multa Syrorum Olera But withall they were observed to be very gluttonous spending whole daies and nights in feasting great scoffers and much given to laughter Crafty and subtile in their dealings not easily to be trusted but on good security and so were the Phoenicians their next neighbours also Hence came the Greek Adage which Suidas speaketh of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syri contra Phoenices used by them when two crafty knaves endeavoured to deceive each other They were noted also to be superstitious great worshippers of the Godess Fortune but greater of their Syrian Godess whatsoever she was Affirmed by Plutarch to be a womanish and effeminat nation prone unto tears and such as on the death of their friends would hide themselves in caves from the sight of the Sun Herodian addeth that they were wavering and unconstant lovers of plaies and publick pastimes and easily stirred up unto Innovations But at this time they are almost beaten out of all these humours having been so often cowed and conquered that they are now grown servilely officious to them that govern them not without cause defective in that part of industry which before enriched them Where by the way we must observe that this Character of the people and that of the Countrey belong not to this part alone exclusively of those which follow but to all Syria and every part and Province of it except Phoenicia which being planted by a people of another Stock hath had its Character by it self The whole by Ptolamy divided besides Comagena Palmyrene and Coele-Syria into many petit Regions and subdivisions as 1. Pieria 2. Casiotis from the hills adjoining 3. Seleucis 4. Apamene 5. Lâ—todicene 6. Cyrrestica 7. Chalcidice and 8. Chalybanotis from their principall Cities Of which in all he musters up the names of an hundred and upwards then of some note most of them now grown out of knowledge and many of them of no mark or observation in the course of business So that omitting his method we will follow our own and take notice only of such places as antiently were or at this present are of most observation and importance in the course of Story with reference notwithstanding to the subdivisions made by Ptolomy as they come in my way reckoning Cyrrestica Chalybanotis Casiotis and the territories of Seleucus Laodicea and Apamea into Syria Propria and Pieria into Comagena First then to begin with those Cities which ly most towards the East we have in Cyrrestica 1. Zeugma on the banks of the River Euphrates memorable for the passage of Alexander the Great who there passed over his Army on a Bridge of Boats 2. Berroea supposed by some both antient and modern writers to be that which is now called Aleppo but the position of the place agreeth not with that supposition Aleppo being placed by our modern Cosmographers in the 72. degree of Longitude and the 38. of Latitude whereas Berroea is assigned by Ptolomy to the 36. degree of Latitude and the 71. of Longitude Besides that the River
was a Theocratie as the Fathers call it that is to say a government wherein GOD presided more immediatly than in other Nations And thereupon when the People cried out to Samuel to have a King God said unto him Hearken unto the voice of the people for they have not rejected thee but they have rejected me that I should not reign over them 1 Samuel 8. 7. God was their King and he had mightily reigned over them since they came out of Egypt but they desired to have a King like to other Nations to go in and out before them and to fight their battels a King whom they might see with their bodily eyes and converse with him in such manner as the people did which dwelt round about them And so came in the Monarchy or Kingly Government begun in Saul but confirmed in David the first a Benjamite the second of the Tribe of Judah of which Jacob had fore-told at the time of his death that the Kingdome of his People should be vested in it But there were onely three in all reckoning Saul for one who had Dominion over the whole house of Israel the Kingdome after Solomons death being rent in twain ten of the twelve Tribes revolting unto Jeroboam the Sonne of Nebat and only Benjamin and Judah and so much of the Tribes of Dan and Simeâ—n as lay intermingled with and in the Tribe of Judah remaining firm to Reholoam the Son of Solomon who misguided by some evil Counsellers which were about him had given occasion to the breach A breach that never could be soldered or made up again notwithstanding the fair opportunities which were after offered of uniting Judah unto Israel for so the two Kingdomes were distinguished in the time of Joas and rejoining Israel to Judah in the time of Asa The opportunity offered to Asa King of Iudah for regaining the revolted Tribes was the confusions which in his time had fallen out amongst them by severall factions each challenging the privilege of making a King unto it self Nadab the Sonne of 〈◊〉 being slain by Baasha Ela the sonne of Baasha murdered by Zimri Zimri deposed by Oâ—â— the Father of Ahab and Tobni a competitor against Omri also During which time as the people must needs suffer many great oppressions which might make them think of their allegeance to the house of David so could not Asa have wanted many fair advantages had he made his best use of them of working on the divided Kingdome and reducing it back unto his house But there were two reasons which prevailed more against this re-union than any that could be presented to invite them to it First the imperiousness and arbitrary government of the Kings of Iudah putting to death without formality of law those that had displeased them as in the case of Shimei Ioab and Adonijah in the daies of Solomon and raising on the Subject what sums they pleased though more for ostentation of their own magnificence than the necessities of the State Of which exactions Rehoboam the Sonne of Solomon was so far from promising a release or some mitigation at the least that he threatned to make them more than double what they had been formerly and how knew they but that Asa and all such as descended from him might be of the same temper also and act according to those Principles which their Fathers left them Whereas the Kings of Israel holding by no other title than the love of their people and the moderate and regular form of their government over them had put their mouthes in such a tast of the sweets of liberty and made them so much masters of their own both lives and fortunes that Naboth durst deny his vine-yard to Ahab though offering full compensation for it and Ahab durst not question the life of Naboth but by suborning witnesses to accuse him of blasphemie So that the present confusions under which they suffered by the change and violent death of so many Kings one after another being only temporary and not likely to continue long were no perswasions unto them to accept of Asa and much less to offer themselves unto him who conceived all adversity to be far more tolerable than the weighty Scepter of that house And there was something also of present profit which swaied the business The people were obliged by the Law of Moses to make three chargeable journeys yearly to Hierusalem to worship there in the Holy Temple and to pay a double tenth yearly out of their estates besides offerings and other casualties to the Priests and Levites Jeroboam out of an ungodly policie fearing these frequent journeys unto Hierusalem might be an occasion of reducing them to the house of David released them of that charge and trouble by setting up a new form of worship erecting golden Calves for them in Dan and Bethel and leaving every man unto the liberty of his own opinion so it tended not to the establishment of the old Religion And on the other side the Levites which dwelt amongst them and received their Tithes not willing to conform to these new impieties and finding that their Ministery was no longer useful withdrew themselves into the Kingdome of Judah and left the antient places of their habitations by means whereof the people were released of those payments also If they returned again to their old obedience and accepted Asa for their King they must return again also to their old Religion the golden Calves of their own imaginations and inventions must no more be worshipped and which no doubt prevailed most on the common people who like that Religion best which costs them nothing the antient payments to the Priests and Levites must come up again Rather than so they were resolved to suffer yet a little longer to please themselves in expectation of more settled times and so no falling off to Asa though as moderate and religious a Prince as they could have wished for had they had power of fashioning a King to their own desires Now as this opportunity of rejoining Israel unto Judah proved unsuccesful unto Asa so did the like of uniting Judâ—th unto Israel prove as unprofitable unto Joas the Sonne of Jehoahaz and grand-child of Iehu King of Israel who being provoked by Amaziah King of Iudah made warre upon him and not onely discomfited him without battell and took him prisoner without blowes but led him captive to the very walls of Hierusalem and by his authority got the gates thereof to be opened to him But not contented with this honor greater than ever had befallen to the Kings of Israel he caused 400 Cubits of the wall to be broken down thorow which breach he entered triumphantly in his chariot carrying the unhappy Prince before him and being entered sacked both the Royal palace and the holy Temple This was the opportunity which was given to Ioas of uniting Iudah unto Israel and this the loss of it For the people otherwise like enough to have accepted him for their
Palmyrenâ— and Mesopotamia from which last parted by Euphrates and on the South by some parts of Petraea and Arabia Felix It hath the name of Deserta from the vast desarts which are in it and the un-inhabitedness thereof called also by Aristides Aspera from the roughness by Servius Inferior or the Lower in regard of the situation of it more towards the River by Lucian from the frequent bottoms and vallies in it Arabia Cava and finally by the Iews it was called Kedar from the blackness or swarthiness of the People the word in Hebrew signifying as much as Sun-bnrnt whence the people are by some writers called Kedareni and by Pliny Cedraei But the common and most usuall name of it is Arabia Deserta agreeable to the nature of it being generally a sandy Countrey full of vast desarts in which all such as travell use to carry their Provisions with them and to guide themselves in their journey by the course of the Stars though in some parts which lie neer Euphrates and the Mountains of Arabia Felix it have some few towns and those resorted to by Merchants But this is onely in those parts the residue of the Countrey being so desolate and wast that one who had travelled in it doth describe it to be so wild a place vt nec homines nec bestia videantur nec Aves imo nec arbores nec germen aliquod sed non nisi montes saxosi altissimi asperrimi A Countrey faith Guilandinus Melchior where are found neither men nor beasts no not so much as birds or trees nor grass nor pasture but onely stones high and most craggy mountains The people for the most part used to dwell in Tents alluded to by David Psalm 120. v. 5 which they removed from place to place as the pasture for their cattell failed them taking no other care for houses than the boughs of Palm-trees to keep them from the heats of the Sun and other extremities of weather Hence by the Antients called Scenitae or men dwelling in Tents in which respect the Jews call the Tartarians Kedarim from the like course of life which these Kedareni or Arabians lived but the name reaching into the other parts of Arabia also where they use the same king of living of whom more anon Yet notwithstanding most memorable is this Countrey in sacred story both for the dwelling place of Job and the habitation of those Wise-men who came out of the East unto Hierusalem to worship Christ the new-born King of the Jews That Job was an inhabitant here appeareth by the situation of his dwelling being in the East as is said in the Story of him chap. 1. v. 3. that is to say in the Countrey lying East to the Land of Canaan as this part of it doth and therefore called simply by the name of the East as Judg. 6. 3. where by the Children of the East are meant expresly the Inhabitants of Arabia the Desart who together with the Midianites and Amalekites oppressed those of Israel Secondly by the ill neighbourhood which he found from the Sabaeans who inhabited in this part also and of the Chaldeans mentioned v. 17. the next borderers to it and Thirdly by the inconsequences which needs must follow if we place him as some do in the land of Vs neer unto Damascus For how improbable must it be for the Sabaeans of the Red-Sea or the Persian gulf or the Caldaeans dwelling on the banks of the River Euphrates to fall upon Jobs Cattell grazing near Damascus the Countries being dis-joyned by such vast Desarts and huge Mountains that it is impossible for any Strangers to pass them especially with any numbers of Cattel in respect of those large Mountains deep Sands and the extreme want of water in all that passage And how impossible must we think it that the pen-man of the story of Iob who certainly was guided in it by the Holy Ghost should be so mistaken as to place Iobs dwelling in the East if the Land of Vs wherein he dwelt bordered on Damascus which lay not on the East but the North of Canaan A City called Us or Uz there was situate neer Damascus so called from Uz the Son of Aram Gen. 10. 23. A Land of Uz also amongst the Edomites spoken of in the Lamentations of the Prophet Ieremie chap. 4. v. 21. so called from Uz one of the posterity of Esau mentioned Gen. 36. 28 and finally a Land of Us or Uz so called from Huz the sonne of Nachor the Brother of Abraham mentioned Gen. 22. 21. which is that situate in this Tract the habitation and possession of that righteous man the Counttey hereabouts being called Ausit is and the people Ausita though by mistaking in the transcripts we find them named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Aesita in the fifth of Ptolomy The like I say also of the Wise-men or Magi who came to Hierusalem from the East that they dwelt in this Countrey where the said Ptolomy placeth the City Sabâ— according unto that fore-signified by the Royall Psalmist that the Kings of Arabia and Saba should bring their gifts Psalm 72. 10. Confirmed herein by the situation of the Countrey lying East of Canaan the authority of those Fathers who lived neerest to the time of our Saviours birth Iustin Martyr Tertullian Cyprian and by the testimony of Guillandinus Melthior above-mentioned affirming on the credible report of the people hereof that they came neither out of Mesopotamia or Arabia Feliz as many wise-men doe believe but out of Saba in Arabia the Desart which City saith he when my self was there was as I judged called Semiscasach Cities of note in a Countrey so desart and uninhabited we must look for few yet some there are inhabited by a more Civill sort of people whom they call by the name of Moores giving that of Arabian to those onely who live roming and robbing up and down Ptolomy gives the names of forty Cities and villages in it civitates vicos saith the Latine the memory of most of which is now utterly perished Those of most observation 1. Sabe or Saba the habitation of those Sabeans who pillaged Iob so called from Sheba the grand-sonne of Abraham by Keturah mentioned Gen. 25. 3. Of whom and of the rest of that line it is said in the sixt verse of that chapter that Abraham gave them gifts and sent them away from Isaac East-ward unto the East Countrey now called Semiscasac as it thought by Melehtor 2. Theman which possibly may be the Countrey of Eliphaz the Themanite one of the visitanâ—s of Iob As 3. Shuah on the North hereof was probably of Bildad another of them hence surnamed the Shuhite 4. Tharsacus by Pline called Aphipolis 5. Zagmais near the Persian Gulf in the Countrey of the Raubeni supposed to be descended from Mishma the fourth sonne of Ismael 6. Phunion the 36th 7. Oboth the 37th mansion of the Children of Israel 8. Rheganna another of those named by Ptolomy in
either we have spoke already Towns of most observation in it 1. Bactra the Metropolis or chief City of it situate at the foot of the Mountains Sogdii giving the name of Bactria unto all the Province It is now called Bochor and still keeps the dignity of the Metropolitan the seat of the Chief-Priest or Bishop of the Mahometans of Zagathay to which this City and great part of the Countrey also doth now belong having here his residence in power and reputation equall to the King himself Well fortified and stored with all military provisions the birth-place as Maginus faith in these latter Ages of Avicenna that learned Philosopher and Physician and in the first Ages of Zoroaster the more learned Astrologer 2. Ebusmt once the Regal seat and therefore honoured by Ptolomy with the name of Regia 3. Zarispe or Charispe the chief City of the Charispae a great Tribe of this Countrey 4. Charracharta mentioned by Ptolomy and Amnaianus these two upon the River Oxus 5. Eucratidia built or repaired by the Macedonians as the name being meerly Greek doth seem to intimate 6. Alicodra as antient as the rest but of no great note in the course of business 7. Iseigias of a later date but of greater beauty than any of those before spoken of superiour to Bochor in elegancy state and greatness though not in dignity and held by some to be the pleasantest of the East This Countrey was as soon peopled as any since the generall Deluge It had not else been possible that Zoroaster King hereof in the time of Ninus and by him assaulted should bring into the field an Army of 400000 men of this and perhaps some other of the neighbouring Provinces as most credible writers say he did Encountring Ninus with this Army he prevailed at first and slew of the Assyrians neer an hundred thousand But Ninus having better opportunities of recruiting his forces invaded him a second time with an Army of 1700000 foot and 200000 horse the greatest on record in all ages since that time except that of Semiramis with which he over came Zoroaster slew him in the field and united Bactria to his Empire Unto this Zoroaster is ascribed the invention of Astronomy but on no good ground that Art or Science being studied before the flood if Seths Pillars mentioned by Josephus be of any credit and therefore probably no otherwise to be ascribed to Zoroaster than as to the Reviver of it or because he first committed that unto writing which he had received by tradition or because he brought those confused notions which he had received from others into rule and method He being slain and Bactra his chief City taken by the wit of Semiramis then the wife of Menon but on the merit of that service made the wife of Ninus the Buctrians became subject unto the Assyran Kings after to the Monarchs of the Medes and Persian In the eâ—piring of which great Monarchy Bessus a false and cruell Traitor did command this Province and having villainously stain Darius his Lord and Master assumed unto himself the title of King of Persiaâ— under the name of Artâ—xenxes But being betrayed by Spitamenes one of his Confederates by him delivered unto Alexander and by Alexander put to a cruell death the Bactrians became subject to the Macedonians and in that right unto Seleucus and the Kings of Syria But long it held not in that State one Theodatus who formerly had the Governmâ—ent of it for the Syrian Kings taking unto himself the title of king and the possession of the Countrey about the same time that Arsaces and the Parthians made the like revolt Wrested from his posterity by one Enthydemus the recovery of it was attempted by Antiochus Magnus and the whole cause put to the trial of a barrel In which though Antiochus had the better and shewed more personal valor in it than any time after yet he was glad to come to a composition and left to Euthydemus both the Crown and the Countrey Made not long after an accession to the Parthian Kingdome it continued part thereof whilest that Kingdome stood and in the time of Ptolomy as long time before had for the chief tribes or nations of it the Salatarae and Zariaspae towards the North the Comani or Coamoni as Pliny calleth them dwelling in the South the middle parts being taken up by the Thocari said to be gens magna the Scorde Savadii Maricae Tambyzi Amarispe and others of as little note In the often changes and alterations of the Persian State one of the last Nations which submitted to the new Pretenders and at this time so neutrall betwixt the Persians and the Cham of Tartary that it is wholly under the power of either More averse from the Persian government since the alteration of Religion made there by Hysinael and the rest of the Sect of Mortis Halt these Bactrians being of the old race of Mahometans which adhered to Haumar Osmen and Abubecher as the true Successours of their false Prophet and therefore ill-affected to the Sophian faction whom they call commonly Caphars or Hereticks for the innovations by them made in the Law of Mahomet Thus having taken a survey of those several Provinces which constitute the Persian Empire and shewn by what means they were first united into one estate we must next look upon the names and actions of those mighty Monarchs who have successively and from time to time enjoyed the Soveraignty By what good chance Arbaces from a Deputy or Lieutenant of Media obtained the Diademe for himself we have shewn before and we have shewn how liberally he enfeoffed the Vice-Roys of the severall Provinces which in the division made betwixt him and Belochus fell unto his share in the propriety and command of those Countreys which before they held Nothing reserved unto himself and his posterity but the title onely and perhaps some acknowledgments made to them as the Lords in chief Nor left he less liberty to his own Medians than to the rest of the Provinces which turning to licenciousness was so hurtful to them that they were glad at last of that wholesome severity which Deioces a more Lordly King began to exercise who taking to himself a guard building the Royall City of Ecbatana and fortifying some other places of importance first brought the people under the command of law in that regard not unfitly called by Herodotus the first King of the Medes Kings of the Medes A. M 3146. 1. Arbaces at first Governour of the Medes under Sardanapalus the Assyrian but joining with Belochus overcame his Master and was the first founder of the Mâ—dian Monarchy 3174. 2. Mandanes the sonne of Arbaces 50. 3224. 3. Sisarmus 30. 3254. 4. Medidus by some called Artyras 25. 3279. 5. Cardicceus whom some call Arbianes 13. 3292. 6. Deioces the founder of Ecbatana and the Legislator of the Medes whom he first brought under the command of Law and a Regal Government the former Kings
of Europe also Where by the way the Nutmeg-tree is like a Peach or Peach-tree the innermost part where of is the Nutmeg it self covered over with a thin film or coat which we call by the Arabian name of Macâ—z or Mace and over that the fruit itself as it is in Peaches Malacotons and such fruits as those The people barbarous and rude slothfull of weak bodies and dull of wit living contusedly together without rule or order Some of them still continue in their antient Paganism but the greatest part are thought to be Mahometans in which Religion very zealous and so devout that they will not go unto their work or wordly businesses till they have visited the Mâ—squits and there done their devotions A shame or Pattern shall I say in this unto many Christians All of them bloody and revengefull but yet so farre from wronging the body of a dead Enemy that they use to bury it with sweet odours Some Towns they have of which the principall 1. Nera and 2. Lontoor joined in a league against the rest the quarrell rising from the cutting down of certain trees proceeding to the butchery of one another and ending in the loss of their common liberty Subject in shew to the King of Botone one of the Moluccoes but too much at their own disposing They had not else entred into quarrels with one another Which opportunity being taken by the watchfull Hollanders they did not only settle four Faatories there but for the security of their trade and to awe the Natives they have built three Forts They had also turned one of their Mesquits to a Fortress Whereat the people were so incensed that they promised liberty to their Slaves to get them out of iâ— who falling desperately on fired it over their heads and killed every man of them The English Merchants have some trading also in these Ilands more acceptable than the other because not so insolent There is not far off another Iland not in this accompt called Timor situate in the tenth degree of Southern Latitude the chief of many little Ilands which lye round about it but not else observable except it be for that abâ—ndance of Sanders both white and yellow which growing there is greedily exchanged by the Inhabiants for Iâ—on Hatchets Swords Knives and the like commodities 4. The MOLVCCOES THe MOLVCCOES are in number many the King of Terenate which is one of them being said to have dominion over 70 Ilands but the determinate number of them I do no where find Situate on both sides of the Aequator and consequently of an hot and intemperate air the soyl so drie and spongious that it sucketh up the greatest shewr of Rain that doth fall amongst them before it can pass into the Sea Not very well furnished with necessaries for the life of man but that defect supplied with the abundance of Spices which are growing here Cinnamon Ginger Nutmegs Mastick Aloes Pepper and the like commodities for which the Merchants bring them all things that the Country wants But t is the Clove which is the great Riches of these Ilands and peculiar in a manner to them A spice which groweth on Trees like Bay-trees yielding blossoms first white then green at which time they yield the pleasantest smell in the world and last of all Red and hard which are the Cloves Of nature so extreme hot that if a Pail of water should only stand in the Room in which they are cleansed and sorted the Cloves in two daies would dry it up Of which nature the unspun silks of China are affirmed to be The people for the most part Idolaters intermixt with some Mahometans dwelling on the shores and of late times with Christians in their severall factories Of severall Originals and different languages but all in generall fraudulent perfidious treacherous inhumane and of noted wickedness Few of them clothed nor much caring to hide their shame Not civilized by the cohabitation of more modest and civill Nations Pitty such ill conditions should be lodged in such handsome bodies the people being said to be better proportioned than the other Indians and for strength and valour not fellowed by any of them Of all the Ilands which pass under this name there are not above five or six of any rekoning that is to say 1. Terenate 2. Tidor 3. Macir 4. Rachian 5. Machian and 6. Botone none of them above six leagues in compass many not so much the whole cluster of them thronged together in a girdle of no more than 25 leagues in the Circumference Some reckon Polerone amongst them a little Iland not far off if not one of the number and well stored with Cloves Frequented first by the English Merchants from them taken by the insolent and ingratefull Hollanders who being to restore it upon composition cut down all the Clove-trees so to deprive the English of the benefit of it Of the rest Reâ—hian and Tidore have their proper Kings So hath Botone also if that be one of them the King whereof had antiently some title and authority over those of Bandan Macir and Machâ—â—n are subject to the King of Ternate who is a Mahometan in Religion and said to be the Lord of 70 Ilands This the most puissant member of this scattered body and for that cause most aimed at by all Competitors the Spaniards having here one Fortress and the Hollanders three both nations hated by the Natives whom they consume and wast in the waâ—es betwixt them but of the two the Spaniard looked on by the people as the more Gentleman the other stomacked and despised for their sordid dealings Nothing else memorable in the story or Chorographie of them but that they were discovered by the conduct of Magellanus in the reign of Charles the fift who employed him in it Anno 1519. And that there is in Ternate a prodigious mountain in height above the clouds of the Air and in nature agreeing with the Element of fire which it seems to mount to huge flames whereof with dreadfull thunders and a dark smoak it sends forth continually 5 The SINDAE or SELEBES Neer the Moluccoes and almost intermingled with them are a set of Ilands which Ptolomy calleth SINDAE and the Moderns SELEBES many in tale but not above four of any weight that is to say 1. SELEBES 2. Gilolo 3. Amboina 4. Macasser of which the two first are situate under the Aequator and the last somewhat on the South of it all of them in the time of Ptolomy inhabited by Anthropophagi and a long time after insomuch as the Kings of the Moluccoes did use to send their condemned persons into these Ilands there to be devoured Which said in generall we will take a more particular view of them as they lie before us 1. SELEBES which gives name to the rest and hath under it many lesser Ilands is large and rich The foil thereof exceeding fertile the people tall and comely and of color not so much black as ruddy
Lacus quos si quis faucibus hausit Aut furit aut patitur mirum gravitate soporem Which may be paraphrased in these words Who doth not know the Aethiopian Lake Of which whoever drinks his thirst to slake Either grows mad or doth his soul oppress With an unheard of heavy drowsiness To look upon the State as it stood in the former times we finde in it besides the Lakes and Rivers before mentioned three capacious Bayes that is to say Sinus Adulicus 2 Sinus Avalites and 3 Sinus Barbaricus the two last neighboured by the now Countries of Aden and Quiloa Havens of note and Rodes for shipping there were five in all viz 1 Bathus or the deep Haven 2 Dioscorum Portus or the Haven of Castor and Pollux 3 Theon Soterum or the Haven of the Saviour-Gods 4 Portus Evangeliorum Gospel Port or the Port of good News And 5 Serapionis the Port of Serapion with a Promontory of the same name neer adjoyning to it For other Promontories which in so long a tract of Sea must needs be many the principal were 1 Basium 2 Mnemium 3 Dimetris 4 Aspis 5 Ara Amoris 6 Colobon 7 the Promontory of Saturn 8 Mosylon with a noted Empory of the same name 9 Aromata neer another well frequented Empory of the same name also and 10 that of Noticornu Then for the Towns of greatest Trading besides those last mentioned we have 1 Avalites 2 Malao 3 Mundi 4 Cube and 5 Acane in the Bay of Avalites 6 Opone in the Bay of Barbaria 7 Essina on the South of the Aequinoctial Then for their Cities we have amongst many others the names of 1 Epitherias by Ptolomy called Ptolemais Ferarum 2 Adulis and 3 Avalites giving names unto their several Bays 4 Rapta the Metropolis of that part of this Country which was called Barbaria lying along the shores of the Sinus Barbaricus which as it taketh name from the River Raptus upon which it is situate so they do both agree in communicating it to the Promontory called Raptum 5 Meroe the chief City of the Isle so called 6 Sabath in the Bay of Adutis which possibly might be some Colony of the Sabaeans in Arabia Felix 7 Coloe by Plinie called Tolen not far from the great Luke so named 8 Cambusis by Ptolomie called Cambysi Aerarium from some treasures laid up here by Cambyses the Persian in his invasion of this Country 9 Auxumi the chief City of the Auxumites a most potent people of these parts and the Seat Royal of the old Aethiopian Kings 10 Napata as Ptolomy but by most others called Tanape of old the residence of the Aethiopian Emperours sacked and ruined by Petronius president of Egypt For when Candace the Predecessour I believe of her whose Eunuch was baptized by Philip had ransacked and wasted Egypt with fire and sword Petronius Lieutenant to Augustus drave them home harried the whole Country put this City to the spoyle and to prevent the like inrodes fortified the Frontires of his Province Philae upon the borders of Egypt garrisoned by the Romans till the time of Dioclesian and by him abandoned Of some of these and others not here mentioned we may have opportunity to speak more hereafter in the survey of some of these particular Provinces into which this Country stands divided at this present time And for the Provinces comprehended at this time within the bounds and limits of this Aethiopia as before laid down they are said to make up 70 Kingdoms most of them subject to the Abassine Emperor the principal of which are 1 Guagere 2 Tigremaon 3 Angote 4 Amgata 5 Damut 6 Goijami 7 Bagamedrum 8 Barnagassum 8 Adel 9 Adea 10 Dancali 11 Dobas 12 Fatigar 13 Xoa 14 Barus Concerning which I must premise that I finde the Relations of them to be very imperfect many times disagreeing sometimes false So that I must profess my self to be less satisfied in the description of this Country then in any of the rest which have gone before Such as it is I here present it to the Reader 1. GVAGERE GVAGERE containeth only the Island of Meroe an Iland of much note and fame amongst the Ancients made by the confluences of Nilus and Astaborus the two chief Rivers of this Country The length hereof 350 miles the breadth 125. abundantly plentifull of Gold Silver Brass Iron Ivory Precious stones and an excellent kinde of Mineral Salt Well stored with most sorts of beasts both tame and wilde and of the last sort with Lyons Leopards Rhinocerots Elephants and Dragons The People are of the same nature and complexion with the rest Mahometans by Religion and the professed Enemies of the Abassine Emperour against whom they do not only defend themselves by the advantages and benefit of their situation but confederating with the Turks and Arabians fall many times with great forces into his Dominions It is said by Plinie of the Inhabitants of this Iland that twice a year viz. When the Sun is in the 16th degree of Taurus and the 14th of Leo they have the Sun so perpendicular above their heads that he casts no shadow More anciently memorable for their long lives then their great exploits attaining ordinarily to 120 years of Age and therefore called Macrobii by the old Greek Writers The women said to be of such great brests in the former times that they did suckle their children over their shoulders as some women are now said to do neer the Cape of good Hope the dug being bigger then the childe Of which thus Juvenal In Meroe crasso majorem Infante mamillam In Meroe the Mothers pap Is bigger then the childe in lap The Principal Cities hereof 1 Meroe which gave that name unto the Iland but took the same from Meroe a sister of Cambyses King of Persia or as Eusebius saith from Merida the mother of Chenephris a King of Egypt Josephus telleth us that in former times it had been called by the name of Saba on authority of whose mistake it hath been made the Regal City of that Queen of Sheba the Queen of Egypt and Aethiopia as Joseph calleth her who came to Solomon An opinion so received amongst these Ilanders that the name of Meroe being laid by they have restored the name of Saba to this City as of greater eminence The City said by some to contain about 5000 houses great and sumptuous the streets thereof to be large and spacious with Galleries on each side before the doors of their houses where men walk safe from all extremities of heat or rain Beautified with four chief Gates besides others of inferiour note built of Alabaster and Jasper wrought with Antique works the doors belonging to those Gates of Cedar curiously wrought the wayes which lead unto them for the space of two Leagues beset with Palms Orange-trees Cedars Cypresses and others no less usefull both for shade and fruit In the place where the four streets going from these Gates do cross each other a
tributary at that time to the K. of Congo as of later times to the Kings of Angola by whom brought under this new yoke by reason of the aid they had given the Portugals in their wars against him 2. BAMBA hath on the South the River of Conza by which parted from Angola on the North the River Ambrize by which divided from Songo on the East Pemba on the West the Aethiopick Ocean The Country rich in Mines of Silver well stored with Beasts and Birds as well tame as wilde Amongst the Birds Parrets both green and gray and many which are taught to sing not much inferior for their musick to the birds of Canaries Amongst the Beasts of most note is that called the Zebre shaped like a Mule but from the ridge of the back to the belly so streaked with lines of white black and yellow and those streaks naturally set in such even proportion as yieldeth to the eye a most pleasing object But wilde and of so swift a foot that Velox ut Zebra to be as swift as a Zebre is grown into a Proverb amongst the Portugals The men so strong that it is said of them that at one blow they will cut off the head of an Ox. or strike a Slave quite thorow the midle into two pieces and to be able to carry in their arms a vessel of wine weighing 325 pound weight containing the fourth part of a But and hold it so till it be quite drawn out It containeth in it many Signeuries most of them called by the names of their principal Towns The chief of which 1 S. Paul situate on the Sea side opposite to theisle of Leanda inhabited for the most part by Portugal families 2 Bamba which giveth name to this Province and is situate about 100 miles from the Sea betwixt the Rivers of Lose and Ambrizi 3. PEMBA hath on the West Bamba on the East the Lake Zombre and the River Barbela on the North Batta and on the South Angola Esteemed to be the richest and most pleasant Country of all Manicongo the Fields in all parts thereof beset with Palm trees but intermixt with other fruit trees which are always green The water of so good a nature that it never hurteth any that drink of it the Aire exceeding wholsom and the earth as fruitfull productive of all sorts of grain but specially of that which they call Luco in form like mustard seed but bigger which they grinde in an hand-mill and make thereof a Bread not inferiour to Wheat The People much reclaimed from their ancient Barbarism since the coming of the Portugals thither whom they imitate both in behaviour and apparell So well skilled in the vertues of Medicinal herbs that every one is his own Physitian Chirurgeon and Apothecary Antiently clothed with Mats and trimmed up with Feathers retained still by the Villages and poorer sort in some part of the Country Their chief City formerly had the name of Banza so called because the Kings Court as the word doth signifie but since the receiving of the Gospel it is called S. Saviours distant from the Sea 150 miles beautified since it became Christian with a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral in which are 28 Canons with other Officers and Ornaments accustomably belonging to the lake Foundations The Town it self situate on the side of a large and lofey Mountain on the top whereof is a spacious Plain two Dutch miles in compass full of Villages Burroughs and scattered houses which are thought to house 100000. persons most of them Portugals and their Servants 4. BATTA hath on the VVest and South Pemba on the East the Mountains of the Sun and those called Sal nitri on the North Pango Of the Soile and People there is nothing singular to be said but that the inhabitants hereof are more military and better furnished for the Wars then the rest of these Provinces necessitated thereunto by the ill neighbourhood of a fierce and savage People dwelling about the spurs and branches of the Mountains before mentioned whom they call Jagges or Giacchi These naturally and originally of the Land of Negroes abandoned the parts about Seirra Leona where before they dwelt and to the number of 12000 fell into the Mountainous parts of this Region under the conduct of one Elembe where they are since grown into a People and become a terrour to their neighbours Greedy devourers of mans flesh which they prefer before that of Beeves or Mutton not yet so qualified by the change of their Country as to build houses sow or plant or to breed up Cattell finding it far the easier life to maintain themselves by the labour and spoil of others And which is yet most strange of all though they have each of them many wives ten or twenty a piece yet they have no children but strangle them assoon as born lest they should be an hindrance to their often wandrings But as Plinie once said of the Esseni Gens aterna est in qua nemo nascitur so we may also say of these that they do not want succession though they breed no children selecting out of their Captives and stollen children some of either Sex but neither steal nor take them captive under twenty yeers old to be the Seminary as it were of a new posterity Against these Monsters those of Batta are armed continually not otherwise able to defend themselves their wives and children from their hands and teeth insomuch as this one Province though none of the biggest is able to raise 70000 men well armed and fit for any service The principal of their Towns is Batta which gives name to the Province situate on the banks of the River Lelanda and the Seat of the Vice-Roy who is always of the blood Royal honoured sometimes with sitting at the Kings own Table which none else may do and of so great authority in all consultations that no body dares to contradict him 5. PANGO is bounded on the South with Batta on the East extended to the Mountains of the Sun which close up this Country on the North with Sunda and on the West with parts of Pemba and Sango Of the People little singular of the Country less Neighboured on the North-east towards Sierra de Christall with the Languelungi supposed by some to be the Aethiopes Hesperii spoken of by Ptolomy a barbarous Nation but of so considerable power that they are found amongst the rest in the Stile Imperial This once a Kingdom of it self not subject till of late times to the Kings of Congo The chief Tow of it called Pango is seated on the Western bank of the River Barbele the ordinary residence of the Vice-Roy and the name giver to the whole Province 6. SVNDA is bounded on the South with Batta on the North with the great River Zaire on the East with Barbele and on the West with part of Songo The Country rich in several Mettals but the Inhabitants prefer Iron before any other because it doth
out the Emperor and altered the Government of the City as to them seemed good suddenly they became Enemies to him and the Popes received more injuries at their hands than at any other Christian Princes and that even in those days when the Censures of the Popes made all the West of the wold to tremble yet even then did the people of Rome rebell and both the Popes and the People studied for nothing so much as how one of them might overthrow the Authority and Estimation of the other But for the method and degrees by which the Popes ascended to their temporall greatness take here an extract of the Story collected out of the best Authors by the most reverend Father in God the late Lord Arch-bishop of Canterbury in his learned and laborious work against Fisher the Jesuit The Pope saith he being chosen antiently by the Clergie and people of Rome used always to receive from the Emperors hands a ratification of that choyce insomuch that about the yeer 579. when all Italie was on fire with the Lombards and Pelagius the second constrained through the necessity of the times to enter upon the Popedom without 〈◊〉 Emperors leave S. Gregorie then a Deacon was shortly after sent in an Embassie to excuse it But when the Lombards grew so great in Italic and the Empire was so infested with the Saracens and such changes happened in all parts of the world as that neither for the present the Homage of the Pope was usefull to the Emperor nor the Protection of the Emperor available for the Pope by this means was the Bishop of Rome left to play his own game by himself A thing which as it pleased him well enough so both he and his Successors made great advantage by it For being grown to that eminence by the favour of the Emperors and the greatness of that City and place of his abode he then found himself the more free the greater the Tempest was that beat upon the other And then first he set himself to alienate the hearts of the Italians from the Emperor in which he did prevail so far that Theophylact the Exarch coming into Italie was opposed by the Souldiers who wished better to the Pope than to the Emperor and the Emperors own Governor was fain to be defended from his own Souldiers by the power of the Pope who had gotten interest in them against their own Master Next he opposed himself against him and about the yeer 710. Pope Constantine the first did openly affrone Philippicus the Emperor in defence of Images as Onuphrius telleth us After him Gregory the 2d. and 3d. took up his example and did the like by Leo Isaurus By this time the Lombards began to pinch very close and to vex on all sides not only Italie but Rome too This drives the Pope to seek a new Patron and very fitly he meets with Charles Martel in France that famous Warrier against the Saracens Him he imployeth in defence of the Church against the Lombards and the Address seems very advisedly taken it proved so fortunate to them both For in short time it dissolved the Kingdom of the Lombards having then stood two hundred and four yeers which was the Popes security and it brought the Crown of France into the House of Charles and shortly after the Western Empire And now began the Popes to be great indeed For by the bounty of Pepyn the sonne of Charles that which was taken by him from the Lombards was given to the Pope that is to say the Exarchate and all that lay betwixt the Apennine and the River of Po. So that now he became a Temporall Prince But when Charles the great had set up the Western Empire then he resumed the Antient and Originall power to govern the Church to call Councills and to order Papall Elections And this power continued for a time in his posterity for Gregory the seventh was confirmed in the Popedom by the sanre Henry the fourth whom he afterwards deposed And it might have continued longer if the succeeding Emperors had had Abilities enough to secure or vindicate their own Rights But the Pope keeping a strong Counsell about him and meeting with some weak Princes and those oft-times distracted with great and dangerous wars grew stronger til he got the better yet was it carried in succeeding times with great changes of fortune and different success the Emperor sometimes plucking from the Pope and the Pope from the Emperor winning and losing ground as their spirits abilities aids and opportunities were till at last the Pope setled himself on the grounds laid by Gregory the seventh in that great power which he now useth in and over these parts of the Christian World A power first exercised saith he in another place by this Pope Gregorie the seventh and made too good upon the Emperor Henry the fourth as by Pope Adrian the fourth Alexander the third with some others upon Frederick Barbarossa And others of the Emperors were alike served when they did not submit And for this I hope his Holiness was not to be blamed For if the Emperor kept the Pope under for divers yeers together against all reason the Popes as Bellarmine affirms being never subject to the Emperor and wanting force to stand on his own Prerogative I hope the Pope having now got power enough may keep the Emperors under-foot and not suffer them any more to start before him Having thus a little glanced at the means by which the great power of the Church of Rome was first obtained let us next consider of those Policies by which this Papall Monarchy hath been so long upheld in esteem and credit We may divide them into three heads 1. Those by which they have insinuated and screwed themselves into the affections and affairs of the greatest Princes 2. Those by which already they have and by which they will hereafter be able to secure their estate And 3ly those by which they keep the people in obedeence and ignorance 1. Concerning the first First the Donation of severall Kingdoms to them which have no right nor title but by these Grants of the Pope cannot but bind them fast to uphold that power without which they could lay no clame to that which they are possessed of Of which sort was the Confirmation of the Kingdom of France to the House of Pepin of Naples to the House of Schwaben and Anjou of Navarre to the Spaniards 2. The readiness of their Ministers to kill such as resist them cannot but necessitate Princes to seek their friendship and hold fair with them especially since by a Writ of Excommunication they can arm the Subjects against their Soveraign and without the charge of leavying one souldier either destroy him utterly or bring him to conformity The frequent wars raised by them against the Emperors of Germany and that against King John in England by these Papall fulminations onely the poisoning of the said King John by a Monk of Swinestead and
March Anno 1602. according to the computation of the Church of England which beginneth the new yeer with the Feast of the Annunciation To whom succeeded IAMES the sixt â—ing of the Scots with the joy of all men as the next undoubted heir of the Crown Of whom we shall say more when we come to speak of the Monarchs of Britain of which he was the first since the fall of the Roman Empire and such more properly than the greatest of all those Emperors had been before None of them having all the North parts of Britain it self or any part of Ireland at all nor many of the Isles adjoyning under their Dominion In the mean time to look on England as a State distinct we will consider it and the Kings thereof with reference to Reputation abroad and power at home with the Revenues Armes and Military Orders of it as in other places And first for Reputation when all Christendom in the Councill of Constance was divided into Nations Anglicana Natio was one of the Principall and not Subaltern and had its vote of equall balance with the Nations of France or Italy in all affairs concerning the doctrine discipline and peace of the Church which were there debated And for the place due to the Kings hereof in those Generall Councils and the rank they held among other Christian Princes I find that the Emperor of Germany was accounted Major filius Ecclesiae the King of France Minor filius and the King of England Filius tertius adoptivus The King of France in Generall Councils had place next the Emperor on his right hand the King of England on his left hand and the King of Scotland next before Castile Now indeed the King of Spain being so much improved is the dearly beloved Sonne of the Church and arrogateth to himself the place above all other Princes but in the time of Pope Iulius the controversie arising between the Ambassadors of the two Princes for precedencie the Pope adjudged it to belong of right unto England And Pope Pius the fourth upon the like controversie arising between the Ambassadors of France and Spain adjudged the precedencie to the French Touching the Souldierie of England and their most notable atchievements both by Sea and Land sufficient hath been said already What Forces the Kings hereof have been able to raise and may command for present service will best be seen by the action of King Henry the 8th at 〈◊〉 the Armies of Queen Elizabeth in 88. and the numbers of the trained Bands of the severall Counties First for the Action of King Henry the 8th he had in his Avantguard 12000. â—oot and 500 Light Horse in bew lackets with red Guards in the Rere-ward a like number both of Hore and Foot and in the main Battail 20000 Foot and 2000 Horse all in Red lackets and yellow Guards the whole number 44000 Foot and â—000 Horse They drew after them 100 great Peeces besides small ones and for conveyance of their Ordinance Baggage and other necessaries no fewer than 25000 Draught-horses besides other cariages In the next place for 88. the Queen dispersed in severall places on the Southern Coasts of the Kingdom to hinder the landing of the Enemy 25000 Souldiers of both sorts at Tilbury for the defence of the Citie of 〈◊〉 under the command of the Earl of Leicester 22000 Foot and 1000 Horse and for the Guard of her own person under the Lord Hunsdon 34000 Foot 2000 Horse in all the number of 84000 men besides those goodly Troops which the Nobility and Gentry did present her with at their own proper charges And as for the trained Bands the number of both sorts disciplined and mustered to be ready upon all occasions in the 8th yeer of King James for I have since seen no Muster-Roll of them amounted to 196150 able men 144300 Armed men 935 Demilances 〈◊〉 Light-Horse and 16545 Pioneers besides what was required of Peers and Prelates supposed to amount to 20000 Armed men and 4000 Light Horse And for their strength at Sea besides the Navy Royall consisting of about 30 gallant Ships besides the lesser Vessels the best and bravest that any Prince in Christendom can boast of as his own propriety there are such store of Collieâ—s and Merchants ships fit for any service that in the yeer 88 aforesaid the Queen had 100 Sayl of good Ships to oppose the Spaniard and 20 more to wait upon the motions of the Duke of Parma And in the yeer 1597 she set out for the Iland Voyage no sewer than 1â—0 Sayâ—â—â— all sorts of which 60 were men of war As for the Revenues of this Kingdom Boâ—erus reckoned them in the time of King Henry the 7th to be no more than 400000 Crowns per Annum but grants that afterward they were improved to a million more by King Henry the 8th the dissolution of Monasteries and the benefit redounding from the Court of Wards making that improvement And to say truth the Vniversall dissolution of Religious Houses of all sorts did for the time so mightily increase his annuall Income that he was fain to erect two new Courts the Court of Augmentation and the Court of Suâ—veyours for the better managing of the same But these Additions being wasted by his own exorbitant expences and the severall Alienations made by King Edward the sixth those Courts of new Erection were dissolved again and the Revenue fell so short of its former height that in the 12 yeer of Queen Elizabeth the profits of the Crown besides the Court of Wards and the Dutchâ—e of Lancaster came to no more than to 188â—97 l. 4s Of which 110612. l. 13. s. went out that yeer upon the Navie charge of Houshold and other necessary Assignments Since which time the great increase of trading both at home and abroad and the great glut of money in all parts of the World hath added very much to the Intrado The certaintie whereof as I doe not know so neither will I aim at it by uncertain Hear-say The Arms of the Realm of England are Mars 3 Lions passant Gardant Sol. The reason why these Arms quartered with the French took the second place are 1 because that France at the time of the first quartering of them was the larger and more famous kingdom 2 That the French seeing the honour done to their Arms might more easily be induced to have acknowledged the Enhlish Title 3 Because the English Arms were compounded of the Lion of Aquitaine and the two Lions of Normandy being both French Dutchies The principall Orders of Knight-hood are and were 1 of the Round Table instituted by Arthur King of the Britans and one of the Worlds nine Worthies It consisted of 150 Knights whose names are recorded in the History of King Arthur there where Sir Vre a wounded Knight came to be cured of his hurts it being his Fate that only the best Knight of the Order should be his Chirirgion The Arms of most of these with
their several Blazons I know not on how good autoritie we find in Bara the French Herald The principall of them were Sir Lancelot Sir Tristrum Sir Lamorock Sir Gawin c. all placed at one Round Table to avoid quarrels about priority and place The Round Table hanging in the great Hall at Winchester is falsely called Arthurs Round-Table it being not of sufficient Antiquity and containing but 24 Seats Of these Knights there are reported many fabulous Stories They ended with their Founder and are feigned by that Lucian of France Rablates to be the Ferry-men of Hell and that their pay is a piece of mouldy bread and a phillop on the nose 2 Of S. George called commonly the Garter instituted by King Edward the third to increase vertue and valour in the hearts of his Nobility or as some will in honour of the Countess of Salisburies Garter of which Lady the King formerly had been inamoured But this I take to be a vain and idle Romance derogatory both to the Founder and the Order first published by Polidore Virgil a stranger to the Affairs of England and by him taken up on no better ground than fama vulgi the tradition of the common people too trifling a Foundation for so great a building Common bruit being so infamous an Historian that wise men neither report after it nor give credit to any thing they receive from it But for this fame or common bruit the vanity and improbabilities thereof have been elsewhere canvassed Suffice it to observe in this time and place that the Garter was given unto this Order in testimony of that Bond of Love and Affection wherewith the Knights or Fellowes of it were to be bound severally unto one another and all of them joyntly to the King as the Soveraign of it So saith the Register of the Order in which occurreth not one word of the Ladies Garter affirming that King Edward did so fit the habit into that design Vt omnia ad amcitiam concordiam tendere nemo non intelligat But to return unto the Order there are of it 26. Knights of which the Kings of England are Soveraignes and is so much desired for its excellencie that 8 Emperors 21 forein Kings 22 forein Dukes and Princes besides divers Noble-men of other Countries have been Fellowes of it The Ensign is a blew Garter buckled on the left leg on which these words are imbroydered viz. Honi soit qui mal y pense About their necks they wear a blew Ribband at the end of which hangeth the Image of S. George upon whose day the Installations of the new Knights are commonly celebrated 3 Of the Bath brought first into England 1399 by Henry the fourth They are created at the Coronation of Kings and Queens and the Installation of the Princes of Wales their duty to defend true Religion Widows Maids Orphans and to maintain the Kings Rights The Knights hereof distinguished by a Red Ribband which they wear ordinarily about their necks to difference them from Knights Batchelors of whom they have in all places the Precedencie unless they be also the Sonnes of Noble-men to whom their birth gives it before all Orders 4 Of Baronets an Order instituted by King Iames in the 9th yeer of his Reign for the furtherance of the Plantation of Vister They have Precedency of the Knights of the Baâ—h but not of those of the Garter nor of the younger Sonnes of the Nobility But this being Hereditarie not personall and rather civill than militarie is not so properly to be rancked amongst Orders of Knight-hood There were in England at and since the time of the Reformation Arch-Bishops 2. Bishops 20. WALES WALES is bounded on all sides with the Sea except towards England on the East from which separated by the River Dee and a Line drawn to the River Wie Antiently it extended Eastwards to the River Severn till by the puissance of Offâ— the great King of the Mercians the Welch or Britans were driven out the plain Countries beyond that River and forced to betake themselves to the Mountains where he caused them to be shut up and divided from England by an huge Dich called in Welch Claudh Offa i. e. Offa's Dâ—ke which beginning at the influx of the Wie into the Severn not far from Châ—pstow extendeth 84 miles in length even as far as Chester where the Dee is mingled with the Sea Concerning which Ditch there was a Law made by Harald That if any Welchman was sound with a Weapon on this side of it he should have his right hand cut off by the Kings Officers The name of Wales some derive from Idwallo the Sonne of Cadwallader who with the small remainder of his British Subjects made good the fastnesses of this Countrie and was the first who had the title of King of Wales Others conceive that the name of Welch and Wales was given them by the Saxons who having possessed themselves of all the rest of the Countrie called the Britans who lived here by the name of Walsh which in their Language signifieth as much as Aliens because they differed from them both in Lawes and Language which is the generall Opinion Most probable it is that as the Britans derive their Pedigree from the Galls as before was proved so they might still retain the name and were called Wallish by the Saxons instead of Gallish the Saxons using in most words W. for G. as Warre for Guerre Warden for Guardian and the like And this to be believed the rather because the Frenchmen to this day call the Countrey Galles and the Eldest Sonne of England Le Prince de Galles as also that the Dutch or Germans of whom the Saxons are a part doe call such Nations as inhabit on the skirts of France by the name of Wallons The antient Inhabitants hereof in the time of the Romans before it had the name of Wales were the Siluâ—es possessing the Counties of Hereford Brecknock Radnor Monmouth and Glamorgan all Glocestershire beyond the Severn and the South parts of Worcestershire on the same side also their chief Towns Ariconium now Hereford not reckoned since the time of Offa as a part of Wales Balleum now Buelih in Brecknock Gobannium now Abargevenny in Monmouth Magni now New Radnor in the Countie so named and Bovium now Boverton in Glamorgan 2 The Dimetâ— possessing Cardigan Caermarthen and Pembrokeshires whose chief Towns were Loventium now New Castle in Caermarthen Maridunum or Caermarthen it self and Octopitae where now stands S. Davids by the Welch called Menew whence that Bishop hath the name of Menevensis in Latine 3 The Ordovices inhabiting the Counties of Merioneth Carnarvon Anglesey Denbigh Flint and Montgomery with the North part of Worcestershire beyond the Severn and all Shropshire on the same side of the River Their chief Towns were Segontium now Caer Seont in Carnarvonshire Cononium now Conwey in the same County Bonium where after stood the famous Monastery of Banchor in Flintshire and
having left the reigns so loose on the necks of the peopl that they seemed to reign by curtesie only and had no more authority amongst their Subjects than any of the mean Lords had upon their Vassals 3303. 7. Phraortes a man of great prowess and fortune he made all Asia stand in fear and compelled the Persians to be his tributaries but was after overtopped by the Scythians 22. 3331. 8. Cyaxares united to his Empire the Saracens and the Parthians The King was so overlaid by the Scythians who in the reign of Phraortes had broke into Media that he was little better than their rent-gatherer But having endured them for above two years he plotted their finall extirpation and committed his design to the Nobles who willingly gave ear to it One night they invited the chief of the Scythians to a banquet where having well liquored them and put them all to the sword the baser sort willingly returned homeward 40. 3371. 9 Astyages the sonne of Cyaxares who having maried his Daughter Mandane to Cambyses the Tributary King of Persia dreamed that she had made as much water as drowned all Asia hereupon he commanded Harpagus one of his Noble men to see the Child killed but he loathing so cruel a fact committed the charge of executing the Kings commandment to Mithridates the Kings heard-man He preserved the life of the young infant to whom he gave the name of Cyrus whose fortune at last lifted him up to the Kingdome of Persia when abhorring his Grand-Father for that intended cruelty he both bereft him of his Kingdome and confined him to Hyrcania when he had reigned thirty five years A. M. 3406. 3406. 10. Cyaxares II. in the Scripture called Darius Medus sonne to Astyages of the age of 52. years succeeded his father For Cyrus pretending no quarrel to his Unkle who had never wronged him left him the Kingdome of Media and took unto himself the Soveraignty of Persia which before was tributary to the Medes not making any other alteration in the State of Media At this division of the Median Empire as Torniellus in his Annalls and that not improbably is of opinion it was also agreed on that Cyrus should take the daughter and only child of Cyaxares to wife that they should both join together in subduing of their neighbours that whatsoever they won should belong to Cyaxares who was even then an old Prince during his life and that Cyrus should be his heir In the twentieth year of their severall reigns they took Babylon slew Baltazar and destroyed the Empire of the Chaldaeans This action the Scriptures attribute wholly to Cyaxares who is by them called Darius Medus whereof Saint Hierome allegeth three reasons 1. Ordo aetatis 2. Regm 3. Propinquitatis 1. Darius was the elder 2. the Empire of the Medes was more famous than that of the Persians and 3. the Unkle ought to be preferred before the Nephew We may adde to these three the composition above-mentioned made between these Princes at the beginning of their reigns or the death of Astyages The Greek Writers attribute the victory onely to Cyrus and that on three reasons also The Persians desirous to magnifie Cyrus their own Conntrey-man gave him all the glory of the action and from the Persians the Greeks had it Secondly Cyrus was only imployed in the siege Darius then being absent and by his valour and conduct was the Empire of the Chaldaeans ruined And thirdly Darius lived not fully two years after the great victory s that before remote Nations had taken notice of the conquest Cyrus was actually in the Throne Josephus onely in the 11 Chapter of his Book cutteth the thread even between these two Princes and telleth us that Darius with his 〈◊〉 Cyrus destroyed the estate of the Babylonians That this Darius Medus of Daniel is the Cyaxares of the Greeks is more than manifest For Josephus in the place above-cited telleth us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That he was Astyages sonne and is otherwise called by the Greeks now ask the Greeks what was the name of the sonne of Astyages and Xenophon will tell you that it was Cyaxares As for the name of Nabonidus which Joseph Scaliger in spight of reason and the whole world of Chronologers would thrust upon this Darius Medus we have already refelled it though we are not ignorant that Helvicus and Calvisius two most worthy Writers have followed him as in all his Canon so also in this particular Error But to proceed unto the course of the Persian history after the death of this Cyaxares Cyrus succeeded in his Throne and the Empire of the Medes was incorporated in that of the Persians as it hath ever since continued if not subject to it The first Dynasty or Race of the Persian Monarchs of the house of Achaemenes 3406. 1. Cyrus who having vanquished Astyages united to the Empire of Persia the whole Kingdome of Media the Countreys of Armenia Phrygia Lydia some part of Arabia and all the Provinces possessed by the Babylonian and Assyrian Monarchs After which victories he was slain by Tomyris a Queen of the Scythians as some Writers say others affirming that he escaped alive but wounded out of the battel died in his own Kingdome and was buryed at Pasagarda a Town of Persis This Cyrus is magnified by Xenophon as Aeneas is by Virgil and Vlysses by Homer 29. 3434. 2. Cambrses the sonne of Cyrus subdued Psamniticus King of Aegypt which Countrey he united to his Empire Having a mind to marry his own Sister he was told by his Lawyers that they knew no law which admitted such mariages but that there was a law that the Persian Kings might do what they listed This King was a very bloudy Tyrant The Inter-regnum of the Magi. Cambyses at his expedition into Aegypt constituted Patizithes one of the Magi Vice-Roy in his absence He hearing of the Kings death conferred the Kingdome on his own sonne Smerdis making the people beleeve that he was the brother of Cambyses A matter of no difficulty considering how retirement from the publique view was a chief point of the Persian majesty But the Nobles either knowing the true Smerdis to be slain or suspecting the overmuch retiredness of the new King began to search out the matter Otanes had a daughter which was one of the Kings Concubines her he commanded when the King took next his pleasure with her to feel whether he had an years for Cambyses in I know not what humour had cut off the ears of this Magus This commandment she obeying found out the falshood The seven Princes informed of this imposture join together and slew this Pseudo-Smerdis in the eighth moneth of his reign This done to avoid contention they agreed among themselves that the seven Princes meeting on the Palace green should acknowledge him for King whose horse before the rising of the Sunne first neighed The evening before the day appointed the horse-keeper of Darius the sonne of Hystaspis brought his masters