god_n which_o they_o call_v positive_a and_o from_o which_o they_o will_v have_v we_o free_v by_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n whether_o they_o be_v ritual_a or_o judicial_a be_v only_o impose_v on_o the_o jew_n but_o not_o on_o we_o who_o be_v christian_n again_o where_o it_o be_v manifest_v what_o god_n will_v have_v do_v it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o we_o by_o any_o collation_n of_o comparative_n too_o saucy_o to_o determine_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o god_n will_v have_v both_o he_o will_v have_v that_o his_o positive_a law_n deliver_v to_o the_o israelit_v by_o moses_n shall_v not_o oblige_v the_o christian_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o man_n right_o and_o solemn_o constitute_v by_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v oblige_v the_o people_n under_o their_o authority_n three_o if_o this_o argument_n indeed_o be_v of_o any_o force_n those_o that_o make_v use_v of_o it_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o by_o it_o they_o do_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n but_o altogether_o the_o use_n also_o of_o all_o humane_a law_n for_o christ_n have_v not_o otherwise_o free_v we_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o mosaic_a law_n than_o so_o by_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o they_o that_o by_o we_o they_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o law_n therefore_o if_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o will_v have_v we_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o humane_a law_n to_o be_v any_o long_a extant_a among_o we_o so_o wild_a a_o proposition_n be_v this_o of_o the_o anabaptist_n and_o other_o fanatic_a person_n neither_o be_v it_o admit_v by_o themselves_o who_o do_v propound_v it_o xxxvi_o again_o they_o object_n that_o of_o saint_n james_n chapter_n the_o four_o there_o be_v but_o one_o lawgiver_n to_o wit_n god_n and_o christ_n who_o be_v only_a lord_n of_o the_o conscience_n he_o be_v a_o invader_n thereof_o of_o christ_n right_a and_o thrust_v himself_o into_o the_o throne_n of_o god_n whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o assume_v unto_o himself_o a_o power_n of_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o other_o man_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v indeed_o but_o one_o supreme_a lawgiver_n who_o have_v a_o direct_a and_o sovereign_a command_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n as_o by_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o own_o virtue_n and_o authority_n to_o oblige_v they_o which_o lawgiver_n be_v god_n and_o christ_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v it_o but_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o lawgiver_n of_o a_o inferior_a order_n and_o degree_n who_o by_o a_o power_n grant_v and_o derive_v to_o they_o from_o that_o supreme_a lawgiver_n have_v of_o themselves_o a_o right_n of_o make_v law_n which_o may_v consequent_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n just_o as_o a_o king_n who_o sole_o in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n have_v a_o peculiar_a legislative_a power_n yet_o notwithstanding_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o may_v give_v to_o some_o college_n or_o corporation_n a_o right_a of_o make_v law_n which_o may_v oblige_v all_o the_o member_n of_o that_o body_n not_o by_o their_o own_o power_n but_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o royal_a donation_n and_o the_o authority_n grant_v to_o they_o from_o the_o king_n our_o university_n as_o you_o all_o know_v be_v happy_a and_o rejoice_v in_o this_o privilege_n that_o in_o a_o legitimate_a convocation_n they_o may_v make_v law_n which_o we_o call_v statute_n and_o ordain_v punishment_n for_o delinquent_n and_o if_o it_o be_v expedient_a they_o may_v abrogate_v again_o and_o cancel_v the_o same_o statute_n now_o there_o be_v no_o man_n of_o a_o sober_a understanding_n who_o will_v conceive_v that_o the_o excercise_n of_o this_o power_n do_v any_o way_n derogate_v from_o the_o legislative_a right_n of_o the_o king_n or_o can_v be_v any_o deceit_n or_o prejudice_n unto_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o donation_n define_v in_o the_o charter_n nay_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o excellent_a and_o a_o singular_a mark_n of_o the_o royal_a autocrasy_a that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o the_o legislative_a power_n himself_o but_o that_o he_o can_v vouchsafe_v it_o unto_o other_o to_o be_v have_v and_o use_v his_o own_o right_n be_v notwithstanding_o safe_a and_o entire_a into_o himself_o xxxvii_o the_o other_o objection_n rely_v on_o one_o &_o the_o same_o foundation_n may_v be_v resolve_v by_o one_o a_o and_o the_o same_o labour_n i_o will_v brief_o run_v they_o over_o in_o the_o three_o place_n they_o object_n that_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v mere_o temporal_a &_o therefore_o belong_v not_o unto_o the_o conscience_n which_o be_v spiritual_a four_o the_o end_n of_o humane_a law_n be_v the_o external_a peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o the_o internal_a peace_n of_o the_o conscience_n therefore_o the_o law_n themselves_o do_v only_o oblige_v the_o outward_a man_n and_o not_o the_o conscience_n which_o lie_v within_o five_o the_o magistrate_n can_v judge_v of_o conscience_n and_o therefore_o can_v make_v no_o law_n over_o they_o it_o be_v the_o same_o extent_n of_o power_n to_o give_v law_n and_o to_o judge_v according_a to_o they_o six_o the_o magistrate_n in_o make_v of_o law_n have_v no_o intention_n of_o bind_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o people_n but_o only_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o perform_v that_o which_o the_o law_n command_v which_o if_o it_o be_v do_v it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v out_o of_o any_o conscience_n of_o duty_n or_o not_o and_o it_o be_v enough_o if_o the_o effect_n of_o action_n be_v commensurate_v to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o they_o ought_v not_o further_o to_o be_v extend_v xxxviii_o i_o answer_v and_o first_o universal_o to_o they_o all_o by_o all_o these_o argument_n this_o only_a be_v obtain_v that_o humane_a law_n do_v not_o oblige_v direct_o and_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o their_o proper_a force_n which_o of_o our_o own_o accord_n we_o grant_v for_o we_o assert_v no_o other_o obligation_n but_o what_o come_v to_o they_o ex_fw-la consequenti_fw-la by_o consequence_n and_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o general_a command_n of_o god_n of_o render_v obedience_n to_o the_o high_a power_n and_o from_o this_o ground_n i_o answer_v to_o the_o particular_a objection_n and_o as_o the_o to_o three_o i_o say_v that_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v mere_o temporal_a can_v of_o itself_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n in_o which_o proper_o and_o immediate_o it_o verse_v have_v a_o spiritual_a effect_n and_o therefore_o of_o itself_o can_v induce_v a_o spiritual_a obligation_n nevertheless_o by_o consequence_n it_o may_v have_v a_o spiritual_a effect_n by_o a_o derivation_n from_o the_o power_n of_o some_o superior_a cause_n in_o the_o virtue_n whereof_o it_o work_v now_o every_o magistrate_n as_o long_o as_o right_o and_o dee_o he_o do_v exercise_v the_o legislative_a power_n which_o god_n have_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n he_o work_v in_o the_o virtue_n of_o god_n himself_o and_o by_o ordination_n of_o he_o who_o be_v himself_o a_o spirit_n and_o as_o the_o lord_n and_o father_n of_o spirit_n have_v a_o command_n over_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n thirty-nine_o i_o answer_v to_o the_o four_o that_o although_o peace_n be_v a_o external_a blessing_n of_o a_o commonalty_n yet_o the_o internal_a conscience_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o uttermost_a to_o the_o procure_n and_o preserve_v of_o it_o by_o all_o lawful_a and_o honest_a mean_n because_o that_o god_n the_o lord_n of_o conscience_n have_v command_v we_o to_o love_v and_o follow_v peace_n and_o if_o private_a certain_o much_o more_o public_a peace_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inconsistent_a that_o although_o conscience_n be_v internal_a yet_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o thing_n external_a for_o the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n or_o any_o condition_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o object_n into_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v but_o from_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o right_a of_o oblige_v that_o be_v god_n himself_o xl._n i_o answer_v to_o the_o five_o that_o the_o legislative_a and_o judicial_a power_n do_v original_o pertain_v to_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v to_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o subject_n nevertheless_o dispensative_o and_o by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o may_v both_o of_o they_o and_o both_o way_n be_v administer_v by_o other_o person_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v expedient_a therefore_o although_o god_n alone_o have_v in_o himself_o a_o peculiar_a power_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o make_v as_o well_o as_o judge_v law_n by_o a_o original_n proper_a and_o absolute_a right_n yet_o
from_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n a_o force_n of_o oblige_v the_o citizen_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o one_o whereof_z be_v enjoin_v formal_o and_o in_o express_a word_n to_o wit_n that_o no_o man_n exact_a money_n beyond_o the_o allowance_n prescribe_v in_o the_o law_n the_o other_o virtual_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o no_o man_n be_v punish_v for_o trade_v in_o usury_n as_o it_o be_v by_o that_o law_n permit_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o in_o a_o word_n the_o precept_n or_o injunction_n of_o the_o permissive_a law_n do_v oblige_v all_o subject_n but_o the_o permission_n no_o man_n xxii_o the_o six_o doubt_n be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a and_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n now_o these_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n be_v such_o all_o the_o species_n whereof_o be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v by_o any_o divine_a law_n natural_a or_o positive_a they_o be_v therefore_o of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n lawful_a to_o be_v observe_v as_o they_o be_v not_o forbid_v and_o free_a to_o be_v observe_v as_o they_o be_v not_o command_v there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o there_o ought_v not_o law_n of_o man_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v thing_n indifferent_a but_o of_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o be_v of_o a_o natural_a or_o a_o divine_a right_n and_o thereupon_o they_o say_v that_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o constitutives_n of_o a_o new_a law_n as_o the_o declaratives_n of_o the_o old_a and_o explication_n and_o evolution_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n but_o what_o need_v we_o to_o confute_v a_o opinion_n so_o abhor_v from_o all_o sound_a reason_n that_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_n we_o may_v right_o judge_v that_o these_o thing_n indifferent_a be_v the_o most_o proper_a and_o the_o only_o most_o fit_a matter_n of_o humane_a law_n for_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v command_v although_o the_o command_n of_o all_o man_n whatsoever_o be_v either_o silent_a or_o do_v contradict_v they_o and_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o god_n be_v forbid_v we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o not_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v silent_a or_o never_o so_o importunate_o command_v they_o therefore_o these_o thing_n indifferent_a do_v remain_v as_o a_o large_a field_n in_o which_o the_o power_n of_o man_n may_v exercise_v itself_o and_o put_v forth_o its_o force_n by_o induce_v a_o obligation_n where_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o manifest_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n in_o thing_n indifferent_a and_o which_o before_o any_o act_n of_o his_o be_v free_a to_o both_o may_v state_n and_o decree_n something_o on_o either_o side_n by_o determine_v that_o indifferency_n which_o may_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o obedience_n for_o as_o in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o pleasure_n as_o also_o in_o give_v and_o receive_v the_o moral_a prudence_n of_o a_o privare_fw-la person_n by_o allow_v unto_o himself_o a_o golden_a mediocrity_n do_v so_o far_o advance_v his_o natural_a and_o indifferent_a act_n beyond_o their_o state_n and_o native_a condition_n that_o from_o thence_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v act_n of_o virtue_n to_o wit_n of_o temperance_n and_o liberality_n so_o a_o person_n invest_v with_o the_o public_a authority_n do_v by_o his_o politic_a prudence_n in_o give_v certain_a bond_n of_o mediocrity_n to_o his_o subject_n concern_v thing_n free_a and_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n so_o advance_v those_o act_n enjoin_v in_o his_o law_n beyond_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o former_a state_n that_o they_o now_o begin_v to_o be_v act_n of_o virtue_n to_o wit_n of_o obedience_n and_o legal_a justice_n xxiii_o a_o thing_n most_o plain_a and_o which_o will_v have_v find_v no_o adversary_n if_o so_o manifest_a a_o truth_n have_v not_o prestringe_v some_o reformer_n of_o our_o age_n nay_o and_o of_o our_o own_o nation_n who_o to_o make_v a_o way_n to_o that_o wild_a reformation_n for_o which_o they_o so_o much_o contend_v have_v rather_o against_o common_a sense_n to_o take_v away_o from_o the_o world_n all_o indifferency_n than_o to_o grant_v unto_o the_o magistrate_n any_o power_n of_o determine_v of_o rite_n &_o law_n altogether_o like_o that_o macedonian_a who_o with_o his_o sword_n do_v cut_v that_o gordian_a knot_n asunder_o which_o by_o no_o art_n he_o be_v able_a to_o untie_v in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n the_o true_a disciple_n of_o the_o old_a stoic_n who_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o indifferent_a to_o a_o wise_a man_n but_o that_o he_o mannage_v all_o thing_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o least_o &_o even_o to_o the_o pare_n of_o his_o nail_n with_o the_o high_a point_n of_o discretion_n but_o they_o so_o take_v away_o this_o indifferency_n out_o of_o affair_n with_o word_n only_o that_o at_o last_o be_v enforce_v to_o it_o by_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o adversary_n they_o in_o deed_n do_v grant_v it_o have_v invent_v some_o frivolous_a distinction_n more_o honest_o to_o hide_v their_o error_n that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v err_v at_o all_o but_o there_o have_v be_v find_v some_o among_o we_o who_o have_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o defend_v their_o odious_a &_o explode_a doctrine_n in_o their_o public_a writing_n &_o that_o more_o pertinacious_o than_o the_o stoic_n themselves_o do_v heretofore_o two_o especial_o the_o one_o of_o they_o a_o divine_a a_o man_n of_o some_o account_n among_o those_o of_o his_o own_o party_n the_o other_o a_o layman_n &_o one_o of_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o land_n both_o of_o they_o now_o dead_a with_o who_o because_o i_o believe_v their_o doctrine_n to_o be_v dead_a also_o and_o not_o easy_o to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o belief_n of_o sober_a man_n much_o less_o to_o find_v a_o patron_n among_o they_o i_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a my_o labour_n to_o insist_v on_o the_o confutation_n of_o it_o xxiv_o i_o do_v receive_v therefore_o as_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v thing_n and_o action_n indifferent_a at_o least_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o in_o the_o species_n of_o they_o which_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o stoicize_v that_o will_v deâ—y_v of_o which_o in_o reference_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n â—â—is_n be_v next_o to_o be_v advertise_v that_o a_o act_n indifferent_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o object_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n from_o good_a and_o lawful_a do_v become_v honest_a and_o necessary_a and_o if_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n from_o good_a and_o lawful_a it_o become_v evil_a and_o unlawful_a which_o comeâ—_n not_o to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o any_o change_n make_v of_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o whether_o it_o be_v command_v or_o forbid_v both_o physical_o and_o moral_o do_v remain_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v before_o for_o there_o be_v no_o respect_n that_o alter_v nature_n but_o proceed_v from_o that_o obligation_n which_o the_o law_n induce_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o be_v before_o both_o in_o nature_n and_o of_o itself_o so_o also_o in_o use_n and_o as_o to_o we_o free_a unto_o both_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n be_v add_v to_o it_o it_o become_v in_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o as_o to_o we_o no_o long_o free_a but_o it_o be_v either_o necessary_a or_o unlawful_a according_a to_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o law_n xxv_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v see_v the_o law_n appear_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n on_o either_o side_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o law_n by_o forbid_v a_o act_n can_v make_v it_o of_o be_v good_a and_o lawful_a to_o become_v evil_a and_o unlawful_a but_o the_o same_o law_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v deny_v it_o can_v by_o command_v a_o act_n make_v it_o from_o be_v evil_a &_o unlawful_a become_v good_a and_o lawful_a i_o answer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v most_o manifest_a from_o that_o most_o know_a axiom_n bonum_fw-la ex_fw-la causâ—_n integrâ_fw-la malum_fw-la ex_fw-la quolibet_fw-la defectu_fw-la a_o act_n therefore_o that_o be_v evil_a in_o its_o own_o species_n and_o in_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n of_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v always_o evil_a neither_o in_o any_o exercise_v of_o it_o be_v the_o circumstance_n what_o they_o will_v may_v it_o be_v make_v good_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o goodness_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n which_o defect_n be_v sufficient_a to_o corrupt_v the_o whole_a act_n but_o a_o act_n good_a in_o its_o own_o kind_n or_o at_o least_o not_o evil_a if_o it_o be_v attend_v but_o with_o some_o one_o circumstance_n that_o be_v indirect_a it_o become_v whole_o
democraty_n the_o chief_a and_o sovereign_a power_n consist_v in_o many_o magistrate_n yearly_o choose_v by_o popular_a suffrage_n or_o by_o certain_a other_o intervall_n of_o time_n and_o this_o heretofore_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n when_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o consul_n praetor_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n aedile_n and_o other_o yearly_a magistrate_n and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v those_o expression_n which_o oftentimes_o we_o find_v in_o tully_n populi_n romani_fw-la majestas_fw-la laesa_fw-la populi_fw-la majestas_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la senatui_fw-la populoque_fw-la romano_n the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n the_o injure_a majesty_n of_o the_o people_n it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o state_n aristocratical_a the_o same_o majesty_n reside_v among_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o noble_n who_o in_o some_o place_n they_o call_v illustrissimoes_n in_o other_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o land_n and_o in_o other_o place_n again_o they_o receive_v other_o title_n and_o appellation_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o who_o although_o peradventure_o but_o one_o as_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n or_o more_o of_o they_o may_v have_v a_o pre-eminence_n of_o place_n and_o dignity_n above_o the_o rest_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a primacy_n of_o order_n which_o heretofore_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o some_o patriarch_n in_o their_o council_n yet_o no_o man_n be_v so_o superior_a above_o the_o rest_n in_o power_n that_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n he_o can_v judge_v any_o one_o of_o they_o neither_o can_v he_o himself_o be_v judge_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o all_o of_o they_o altogether_o some_o form_n of_o this_o government_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o our_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n in_o our_o city_n and_o by_o the_o head_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n in_o our_o university_n and_o although_o as_o 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upon_o the_o mere_a desire_n of_o domination_n and_o to_o show_v himself_o a_o tyrant_n and_o not_o a_o king_n although_o he_o want_v not_o sin_n before_o god_n yet_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v any_o force_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o people_n nevertheless_o he_o may_v just_o be_v say_v to_o have_v abuse_v his_o power_n but_o his_o own_o power_n among_o we_o english_a what_o more_o certain_o or_o more_o clear_o can_v appear_v unless_o at_o noon_n we_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v blind_a than_o open_a our_o eye_n than_o that_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n do_v entire_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n who_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o render_v more_o remarkable_a by_o the_o title_n of_o majesty_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speak_v but_o in_o our_o solemn_a ordinance_n and_o in_o all_o our_o form_n &_o action_n of_o law_n &_o in_o the_o take_n of_o a_o oath_n lay_v our_o hand_n upon_o the_o 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unless_o they_o be_v strengthen_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n to_o which_o be_v mature_o and_o due_o prepare_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n accede_v they_o immediate_o receive_v the_o name_n the_o form_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o law_n and_o forthwith_o begin_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v publish_v to_o oblige_v the_o subject_n therefore_o see_v that_o only_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o principal_a and_o the_o efficient_a cause_o of_o any_o thing_n which_o by_o itself_o and_o immediate_o produce_v and_o into_o a_o prepare_a matter_n introduce_v that_o form_n which_o give_v to_o that_o thing_n both_o the_o name_n and_o the_o be_v although_o other_o thing_n ought_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o that_o effect_n or_o to_o go_v before_o it_o as_o so_o many_o praevious_a disposition_n that_o so_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v render_v more_o apt_a to_o receive_v the_o form_n intend_v by_o the_o agent_n it_o be_v 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of_o kingly_a authority_n and_o the_o legislative_a power_n the_o chief_a prerogative_n of_o it_o second_o deut._n 33._o 4_o 5._o moses_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o king_n in_o israel_n because_o have_v gather_v together_o all_o the_o tribe_n of_o the_o people_n he_o give_v they_o a_o law_n to_o observe_v three_o psal_n 60._o 7._o judah_n be_v my_o lawgiver_n that_o be_v king_n and_o the_o vulgar_a interpretation_n read_v it_o judah_n be_v my_o king_n in_o the_o text_n now_o in_o hand_n prov._n 8._o 15._o by_o i_o king_n reign_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o law_n do_v decree_v just_a thing_n where_o which_o be_v usual_a with_o solomon_n in_o the_o whole_a book_n of_o the_o proverb_n that_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o verse_n do_v contain_v a_o amplification_n or_o antithesis_fw-la the_o very_a same_o person_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o verse_n be_v call_v king_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n by_o way_n of_o amplification_n be_v call_v maker_n of_o law_n five_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n st._n james_n also_o make_v mention_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o royal_a law_n x._o second_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o philosopher_n and_o historian_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o thing_n be_v so_o manifest_a we_o shall_v be_v content_a to_o give_v you_o but_o few_o example_n aristotle_n plutarch_n and_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o author_n of_o great_a estimation_n do_v all_o affirm_v that_o we_o must_v have_v a_o law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o that_o of_o ulpian_n be_v very_o remarkable_a which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placuit_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habet_fw-la what_o please_v the_o prince_n have_v the_o
propound_v and_o he_o do_v not_o violate_v the_o law_n unless_o he_o do_v neglect_v they_o both_o xxiv_o this_o which_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o law_n pure_o penal_a be_v as_o i_o conceive_v sufficient_o unfold_v let_v we_o now_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o penal_a law_n mix_v concern_v which_o i_o make_v this_o my_o three_o conclusion_n a_o penal_a law_n mix_v to_o wit_n which_o open_o command_v something_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o it_o more_o diligent_o may_v be_v perform_v which_o be_v command_v do_v appoint_v a_o penalty_n to_o the_o transgressor_n do_v oblige_v both_o to_o the_o fault_n and_o to_o the_o punishment_n insomuch_o that_o he_o neither_o satisfy_v the_o law_n nor_o his_o conscience_n who_o undergo_v the_o punishment_n unless_o he_o do_v perform_v that_o also_o which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n there_o be_v none_o can_v doubt_v that_o such_o a_o law_n do_v oblige_v to_o the_o punishment_n for_o otherwise_o of_o 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and_o takeaway_a the_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a precept_n numberless_a be_v the_o law_n which_o throughout_o the_o world_n be_v make_v against_o thief_n murderers_z perjure_a person_n and_o other_o wicked_a and_o nefarious_a people_n god_n also_o give_v a_o law_n to_o our_o first_o parent_n by_o which_o he_o forbid_v they_o to_o eat_v of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o paradise_n have_v annex_v to_o the_o prohibition_n the_o punishment_n of_o death_n if_o they_o shall_v eat_v thereof_o gen._n 2._o can_v any_o man_n be_v find_v so_o destitute_a of_o reason_n as_o to_o think_v that_o adam_n be_v oblige_v by_o this_o divine_a law_n and_o that_o other_o be_v oblige_v by_o humane_a law_n to_o the_o punishment_n only_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o fault_n who_o will_v affirm_v to_o omit_v humane_a law_n that_o adam_n be_v not_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n by_o that_o divine_a law_n to_o abstain_v from_o the_o forbid_a fruit_n but_o to_o this_o only_a that_o if_o he_o do_v eat_v thereof_o he_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o undergo_v the_o setence_n of_o death_n the_o opinion_n therefore_o of_o navarre_n be_v explode_v as_o dangerous_a and_o by_o all_o man_n confute_v if_o indeed_o the_o opinion_n be_v he_o which_o i_o shall_v hardly_o believe_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o reverend_a a_o fame_n we_o be_v to_o affirm_v that_o a_o penal_a law_n mix_v be_v both_o penal_a and_o preceptive_a do_v oblige_v both_o to_o the_o punishment_n and_o to_o the_o fault_n to_o the_o punishment_n as_o it_o be_v penal_a and_o to_o the_o fault_n as_o it_o be_v preceptive_a xxv_o the_o three_o doubt_n remain_v how_o and_o how_o far_o the_o transgressor_n of_o a_o penal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o undergo_v the_o punishment_n in_o the_o fact_n itself_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n i_o must_v make_v haste_n i_o will_v therefore_o be_v as_o short_a as_o i_o can_v i_o say_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o impose_v not_o any_o thing_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n to_o be_v either_o do_v or_o suffer_v by_o he_o but_o consist_v rather_o in_o a_o inability_n to_o do_v something_o which_o be_v commodious_a for_o he_o to_o do_v or_o in_o a_o incapacity_n of_o receive_v something_o which_o will_v be_v profitable_a for_o he_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o law_n so_o violate_v and_o be_v bind_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o undergo_v the_o punishment_n there_o be_v many_o law_n which_o do_v forbid_v transgressor_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o certain_a cause_n do_v forbid_v translationem_fw-la dominii_fw-la the_o alteration_n of_o power_n or_o freehold_n there_o be_v also_o many_o law_n which_o for_o such_o a_o certain_a time_n do_v make_v delinquent_n incapable_a of_o such_o a_o place_n or_o dignity_n as_o if_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o a_o statute_n of_o the_o university_n be_v prohibit_v to_o have_v his_o grace_n propound_v in_o the_o congregation_n house_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n after_o the_o fault_n commit_v in_o such_o &_o the_o like_a case_n where_o the_o punishment_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o inability_n or_o the_o incapacity_n because_o to_o undergo_v this_o punishment_n there_o be_v no_o cooperation_n require_v of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v punish_v but_o rather_o a_o certain_a cessation_n of_o operate_a he_o who_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n be_v oblige_v willing_o to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n although_o he_o be_v not_o require_v i_o say_v in_o the_o second_o place_n if_o the_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n be_v such_o that_o a_o cooperation_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v be_v necessary_o require_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o he_o who_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v be_v to_o act_v something_o himself_o in_o his_o own_o punishment_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v ordinary_o to_o undergo_v the_o say_a punishment_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la 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the_o kingdom_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o but_o if_o the_o punishment_n impose_v be_v not_o only_o grievous_a but_o something_o also_o that_o be_v inhuman_a as_o if_o a_o malefactor_n be_v command_v to_o scourge_v himself_o to_o cut_v off_o his_o own_o hand_n to_o drink_v poison_n or_o the_o like_a in_o these_o case_n the_o guilty_a person_n be_v oblige_v to_o undergo_v the_o punishment_n passive_o but_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v active_o to_o cooperate_v in_o it_o w_z ch_z he_o know_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law_n and_o which_o by_o his_o default_n he_o have_v deserve_v and_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o promulgation_n of_o law_n and_o of_o the_o obligation_n of_o those_o penal_a law_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v any_o reference_n with_o the_o formal_a cause_n of_o law_n the_o nine_o lecture_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n thereof_o 1_o tim_n 2._o 2._o for_o king_n and_o for_o all_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n that_o we_o may_v lead_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n in_o all_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n in_o our_o former_a lecture_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n as_o to_o their_o material_a efficient_a and_o formal_a cause_n in_o some_o place_n peradventure_o more_o large_o and_o in_o other_o again_o peradventure_o more_o concise_o than_o be_v requisite_a it_o remain_v that_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o explication_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v pertain_v to_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o law_n but_o before_o we_o do_v come_v to_o dissolve_v these_o doubt_n we_o be_v first_o to_o premise_v and_o pronounce_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n that_o the_o ultimate_a end_n
sincere_o and_o open_o but_o with_o all_o due_a reverence_n to_o present_v their_o just_a grievance_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o faithful_o to_o lay_v before_o he_o with_o what_o present_a remedy_n they_o may_v cure_v those_o evil_n that_o oppress_v they_o and_o humble_o to_o beseech_v he_o that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o condescend_v to_o the_o petion_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o he_o shall_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v most_o safe_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o confirm_v the_o grant_n of_o they_o with_o his_o royal_a hand_n and_o if_o he_o be_v thus_o petition_v to_o shall_v refuse_v they_o be_v to_o desist_v for_o that_o time_n from_o their_o purpose_n and_o to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o present_a affair_n and_o law_n and_o that_o without_o all_o murmur_a or_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o force_n until_o their_o prince_n be_v thorough_o persuade_v by_o his_o council_n and_o entreaty_n of_o some_o friend_n or_o induce_v by_o the_o argument_n of_o reason_n 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the_o liberty_n to_o think_v what_o he_o please_v i_o suppose_v only_o what_o be_v already_o grant_v by_o many_o and_o what_o can_v easy_o be_v deny_v dviz_o that_o a_o monarchy_n by_o inheritance_n or_o a_o successive_a kingdom_n be_v absolute_o the_o best_a among_o all_o the_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o high_o to_o be_v prefer_v above_o the_o other_o two_o this_o be_v grant_v i_o think_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o people_n if_o they_o please_v may_v change_v a_o democratical_a into_o a_o aristocratical_a or_o into_o a_o monarchical_a government_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o change_n for_o the_o better_a moreover_o in_o democracy_n the_o chief_a command_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n so_o that_o they_o may_v determine_v of_o themselves_o as_o they_o themselves_o please_v provide_v that_o no_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n now_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o by_o this_o change_n no_o injury_n be_v do_v by_o the_o people_n unto_o any_o one_o it_o can_v be_v to_o any_o other_o for_o no_o injury_n can_v be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n in_o any_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a neither_o can_v any_o injury_n be_v do_v herein_o to_o themselves_o who_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n do_v make_v this_o change_n for_o no_o injury_n can_v be_v ever_o do_v to_o a_o willing_a person_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o think_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o for_o all_o these_o reason_n the_o peer_n of_o a_o land_n also_o may_v turn_v their_o aristocratical_a government_n 5._o arist_n 5._o into_o a_o monarchical_a one_o for_o it_o be_v a_o change_n into_o the_o better_a 〈◊〉_d ethic._n 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o so_o do_v no_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n but_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o resolve_v you_o this_o doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o convert_v a_o aristocracy_n into_o a_o democracy_n for_o although_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o they_o without_o any_o injury_n yet_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v a_o commutation_n into_o a_o better_a state_n three_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o monarchy_n of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n may_v be_v change_v peradventure_o into_o any_o form_n of_o government_n but_o especial_o into_o a_o hereditary_a and_o a_o successive_a kingdom_n and_o that_o for_o almost_o the_o same_o reason_n above_o allege_v nevertheless_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v unless_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o last_o reign_v be_v vacant_a for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v a_o injury_n to_o the_o present_a king_n and_o second_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v unless_o by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n and_o of_o those_o person_n who_o have_v the_o right_n of_o elect_v i_o think_v fourthly_a that_o a_o monarchy_n by_o inheritance_n can_v lawful_o be_v change_v into_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n or_o into_o any_o other_o form_n of_o government_n either_o by_o the_o people_n alone_o or_o by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o people_n peer_n and_o king_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a people_n in_o their_o great_a latitude_n unless_o peradventure_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o royal_a progeny_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v to_o challenge_v the_o kingdom_n due_a by_o inheritance_n to_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v first_o because_o according_a to_o our_o former_a supposition_n it_o be_v a_o change_n from_o a_o better_a to_o a_o worse_o second_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o exchange_n a_o apparent_a injury_n will_v be_v do_v to_o the_o lawful_a heir_n three_o because_o that_o not_o only_o the_o exchange_n but_o because_o such_o a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o word_n of_o solomon_n prov._n 24._o 21._o my_o son_n fear_n god_n and_o the_o king_n and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o who_o affect_v new_a thing_n what_o before_o i_o say_v i_o must_v in_o this_o place_n again_o repeat_v viz._n i_o do_v not_o urge_v this_o as_o too_o confident_o to_o affirm_v it_o or_o to_o cause_v a_o disputation_n with_o any_o man_n in_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o particular_a if_o he_o be_v of_o another_o judgement_n xvi_o the_o six_o doubt_n how_o may_v that_o be_v understand_v which_o so_o common_o be_v speak_v salus_fw-la pâ—puli_fw-la est_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n do_v proceed_v from_o that_o which_o we_o propound_v and_o prove_v in_o the_o beginning_n viz._n that_o the_o end_n of_o law_n be_v the_o public_a good_a from_o hence_o on_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v depend_v on_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o all_o observance_n of_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o 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word_n body_n may_v itself_o collective_o as_o it_o signify_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o be_v both_o king_n and_o subject_n and_o discretive_o as_o it_o signify_v the_o subject_n precise_o by_o themselves_o and_o sever_v from_o the_o king_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n so_o in_o the_o word_n body_n sometime_o the_o other_o member_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o the_o head_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o the_o member_n only_o be_v precise_o to_o be_v understand_v &_o the_o head_n to_o be_v take_v by_o its_o self_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o head_n and_o the_o body_n xvii_o first_o therefore_o i_o say_v that_o most_o precise_o and_o by_o a_o very_a evil_a counsel_n that_o be_v wrest_v
which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n to_o be_v accommodate_v to_o they_o in_o the_o latter_a there_o be_v no_o sober_a man_n will_v deny_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v of_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n as_o that_o word_n comprehend_v the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o subject_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n but_o that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v of_o the_o subject_n the_o king_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o supreme_a law_n there_o be_v no_o man_n will_v affirm_v it_o unless_o he_o be_v a_o fool_n or_o a_o imposter_n a_o fool_n if_o he_o do_v believe_v what_o he_o himself_o say_v and_o a_o imposter_n if_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v it_o but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v serious_o look_v into_o the_o original_n of_o this_o aphorism_n i_o do_v believe_v he_o will_v more_o easy_o grant_v that_o it_o ought_v more_o precise_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o subject_n this_o say_n so_o toss_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o man_n come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v then_o use_v by_o they_o when_o their_o republic_n do_v flourish_v most_o of_o all_o under_o a_o popular_a state_n and_o there_o be_v no_o great_a reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v that_o the_o people_n safety_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n with_o they_o with_o who_o the_o people_n themselves_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o the_o judgement_n therefore_o of_o those_o wise_a ancient_n who_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o this_o aphorism_n the_o safety_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n of_o the_o people_n indeed_o in_o a_o democracy_n but_o of_o a_o king_n in_o monarchy_n xviii_o i_o say_v in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o be_v admit_v but_o not_o grant_v that_o this_o aphorism_n be_v proper_o understand_v of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v of_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v nevertheless_o perverse_o wrest_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o regal_a dignity_n which_o even_o so_o do_v render_v its_o power_n more_o ample_a and_o illustrious_a in_o this_o sense_n a_o king_n that_o give_v law_n and_o statute_n to_o his_o people_n will_v not_o be_v so_o bind_v up_o by_o his_o law_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o a_o apparent_a danger_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o kingdom_n and_o people_n commit_v to_o he_o by_o god_n even_o against_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o subject_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n to_o break_v all_o the_o bond_n of_o law_n and_o fidelity_n and_o by_o a_o intolerable_a presumption_n to_o trample_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o king_n but_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o &_o his_o subject_n safety_n to_o lay_v aside_o for_o a_o while_o all_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o law_n &_o to_o make_v use_v a_o little_a of_o a_o arbitrary_a right_n lest_o by_o a_o too_o unseasonable_a and_o superstitious_a reverence_n of_o the_o law_n he_o may_v suffer_v both_o his_o own_o person_n and_o his_o people_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o and_o even_o the_o law_n themselves_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n xix_o i_o say_v in_o the_o three_o place_n it_o be_v again_o admit_v but_o not_o grant_v that_o by_o this_o aphorism_n some_o licence_n be_v indulge_v to_o the_o subject_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n so_o require_v to_o lay_v by_o the_o law_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n yet_o from_o hence_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v which_o may_n will_v conclude_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o subject_n when_o they_o find_v their_o liberty_n in_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v injure_v or_o when_o they_o cry_v out_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o to_o break_v through_o all_o bar_n of_o law_n and_o duty_n and_o without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o prince_n to_o have_v immediate_o their_o recourse_n to_o arm_n and_o to_o fill_v all_o thing_n with_o tumult_n &_o sedition_n but_o when_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o prince_n &_o their_o own_o liberty_n against_o all_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a enemy_n upon_o a_o urgent_a necessity_n do_v so_o call_v they_o to_o it_o that_o a_o pious_a &_o a_o prudent_a man_n will_v make_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o but_o if_o the_o lawmaker_n himself_o be_v present_a he_o will_v dispense_v with_o his_o own_o law_n it_o be_v then_o lawful_a for_o the_o subject_n to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n of_o the_o common_a safety_n which_o be_v the_o supreme_a law_n and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o law_n than_o to_o be_v fearful_a to_o prejudice_v any_o particular_a law_n which_o be_v therefore_o make_v to_o be_v subservient_fw-fr only_o to_o the_o public_a safety_n xx._n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o subject_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n to_o which_o all_o inferior_a law_n be_v so_o to_o submit_v that_o present_a necessity_n so_o require_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o prince_n by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o own_o power_n yea_o and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o subject_n the_o consent_n of_o their_o prince_n be_v according_a unto_o reason_n presume_v to_o recede_v sometime_o from_o the_o word_n of_o particular_a law_n to_o assist_v their_o endanger_a country_n and_o to_o be_v careful_a of_o its_o safety_n as_o the_o supreme_a law_n but_o so_o that_o unless_o the_o will_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v express_o obtain_v or_o according_a unto_o reason_n presume_v they_o be_v not_o to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o liberty_n but_o what_o the_o law_n do_v permit_v they_o to_o xxi_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o doubt_n that_o be_v yet_o remain_v which_o in_o some_o manner_n do_v pertain_v to_o this_o final_a cause_n as_o concern_v privilege_n and_o dispensation_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o the_o obligation_n in_o the_o danger_n of_o life_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o unto_o some_o may_v peradventure_o appear_v not_o altogether_o to_o agree_v with_o the_o end_n of_o humane_a law_n the_o solution_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v it_o more_o expedient_a for_o to_o defer_v unto_o another_o time_n although_o never_o so_o long_o than_o by_o too_o much_o prolixity_n to_o tire_v and_o to_o torment_v so_o attentive_a and_o so_o courteous_a a_o auditory_a the_o ten_o lecture_n in_o which_o that_o most_o vulgar_a speech_n the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n be_v more_o large_o examine_v and_o unfold_v that_o it_o may_v more_o right_o be_v understand_v 1_o tim_n 2._o 2._o for_o king_n and_o for_o all_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n that_o we_o may_v lead_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n in_o all_o godliness_n and_o holiness_n i_o at_o this_o time_n and_o place_n if_o peradventure_o you_o do_v remember_v it_o courteous_a reader_n do_v intend_v to_o finish_v &_o complete_a this_o treatise_n concern_v both_o the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n to_o wit_n the_o passive_a and_o the_o active_a in_o the_o unfolding_n of_o the_o former_a have_v in_o first_o place_n and_o in_o a_o scholastical_a manner_n excuss_v the_o definition_n of_o conscience_n i_o be_v as_o elabourate_a as_o i_o can_v be_v in_o examine_v and_o discover_v that_o proper_a and_o adequate_a rule_n of_o conscience_n from_o the_o direction_n whereof_o it_o ought_v to_o exercise_v all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o its_o act_n both_o of_o dictate_v and_o judge_v it_o be_v then_o represent_v to_o you_o that_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o that_o rule_n we_o hold_v forth_o but_o the_o adequate_a part_n be_v that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o the_o schoolman_n call_v the_o will_n of_o the_o sign_n in_o some_o degree_n make_v manifest_a to_o every_o man_n whether_o first_o by_o a_o inbred_a light_n by_o practical_a principle_n preserve_v in_o the_o synteresis_fw-la and_o know_v by_o themselves_o which_o the_o philosopher_n 〈◊〉_d common_a notion_n and_o the_o apostle_n the_o law_n of_o god_n write_v in_o our_o heart_n or_o second_o by_o a_o infer_v light_n by_o some_o external_a revelation_n partly_o extraordinary_a and_o private_a to_o some_o single_a person_n by_o vision_n dream_n etc._n etc._n at_o sundry_a time_n and_o in_o sundry_a manner_n partly_o ordinary_a and_o make_v public_a to_o all_o mankind_n in_o the_o write_a word_n or_o last_o by_o a_o acquire_v light_n by_o conclusion_n right_o and_o due_o draw_v from_o those_o practical_a principle_n or_o from_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n or_o
as_o too_o burdensome_a and_o therefore_o because_o too_o insolent_o he_o domineer_v over_o they_o to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n to_o seize_v upon_o his_o key_n trunk_n and_o all_o his_o good_n and_o to_o manage_v themselves_o the_o government_n of_o the_o family_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n under_o this_o pretence_n only_o that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o family_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n oeconomical_a there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v confess_v but_o that_o these_o wicked_a and_o nefarious_a counsel_n may_v by_o some_o lawful_a consequence_n be_v deduce_v from_o these_o principle_n which_o principle_n be_v right_o understand_v be_v most_o true_a and_o profitable_a and_o yet_o a_o egg_n be_v not_o more_o like_a unto_o a_o egg_n than_o the_o argument_n of_o those_o man_n who_o by_o pretend_v the_o people_n safety_n fill_v all_o thing_n with_o sedition_n be_v to_o this_o wild_a kind_n of_o reason_v as_o if_o and_o that_o very_o eminent_o also_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o general_n be_v not_o contain_v and_o include_v in_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o master_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o family_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o prince_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o people_n to_o be_v short_a we_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n together_o be_v the_o supreme_a law_n but_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v of_o the_o subject_n the_o king_n be_v exclude_v be_v not_o so_o fourteen_o in_o the_o second_o place_n i_o be_o to_o add_v something_o more_o and_o though_o i_o conceive_v that_o i_o have_v clear_o enough_o prove_v that_o in_o this_o axiom_n by_o the_o word_n people_n neither_o the_o subject_n without_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o prince_n without_o the_o subject_n ought_v precise_o and_o by_o themselves_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o both_o of_o they_o conjunctive_o yet_o if_o any_o man_n will_v more_o exact_o consider_v either_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n or_o the_o original_n of_o this_o aphorism_n he_o will_v willing_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v more_o precise_o of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n than_o precise_o of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n for_o first_o that_o the_o king_n majesty_n be_v sacred_a have_v not_o be_v only_o most_o copious_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n even_o at_o that_o time_n when_o there_o be_v no_o christian_a king_n who_o have_v reverence_v they_o as_o man_n second_v to_o god_n and_o less_o only_a than_o god_n himself_o and_o have_v offer_v vow_n and_o prayer_n unto_o god_n for_o their_o safety_n and_o have_v teach_v that_o on_o their_o safety_n the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n do_v depend_v but_o god_n himself_o as_o large_o may_v be_v show_v if_o need_v require_v have_v be_v please_v that_o abundant_o it_o shall_v be_v testify_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o good_a subject_n and_o endue_v with_o a_o right_a understanding_n in_o the_o height_n and_o heat_n and_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o battle_n have_v judge_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v above_o the_o safety_n to_o they_o all_o which_o as_o it_o become_v good_a subject_n those_o israelite_n gallant_o profess_v who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execrable_a conspiracy_n of_o absalon_n preserve_v their_o fidelity_n which_o they_o vow_v to_o king_n david_n 2_o sam._n 18._o 3._o and_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v they_o who_o not_o base_o flatter_v a_o mortal_a man_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n but_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n have_v call_v the_o king_n the_o breath_n of_o their_o nostril_n for_o so_o that_o godly_a prophet_n and_o sanctify_v from_o his_o mother_n womb_n the_o prophet_n jeremy_n speak_v it_o lamen_n 4._o 20._o in_o a_o most_o apt_a signification_n that_o breath_n which_o be_v attract_v and_o emit_v through_o the_o nostril_n be_v that_o vital_a breath_n 4._o animus_fw-la râ—publica_fw-la tu_fw-la es_fw-la illa_fw-la corpus_fw-la tuum_fw-la senec._n 1._o de_fw-fr clem_v 5._o ille_fw-la spiritus_fw-la vitalis_fw-la quem_fw-la haec_fw-la tot_fw-la millia_fw-la trabunt_fw-la ibid._n c._n 4._o with_o which_o the_o soul_n as_o with_o a_o bond_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o body_n and_o which_o fail_v the_o live_a creature_n must_v forthwith_o necessary_o expire_v and_o perish_v his_o breath_n go_v forth_o he_o return_v to_o his_o earth_n psal_n 146._o 4._o xv._o this_o also_o be_v worthy_a your_o observation_n that_o the_o axiom_n of_o which_o we_o now_o treat_v have_v be_v bring_v unto_o we_o from_o the_o roman_a nation_n and_o then_o in_o use_n with_o they_o when_o rome_n do_v most_o flourish_v in_o a_o popular_a state_n and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n we_o shall_v wonder_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v to_o they_o a_o supreme_a law_n to_o who_o the_o people_n themselves_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n the_o law_n be_v then_o the_o people_n the_o judgement_n the_o people_n the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n the_o people_n the_o entire_a government_n and_o autocratical_a majesty_n be_v the_o people_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o among_o all_o the_o historian_n and_o in_o cicero_n also_o and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age_n so_o frequent_a a_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n as_o be_v in_o a_o state_n democratical_a which_o in_o a_o state_n monarchical_a be_v not_o the_o people_n but_o the_o king_n therefore_o as_o much_o as_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v to_o they_o with_o who_o be_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n which_o how_o much_o it_o be_v by_o the_o aphorism_n they_o will_v it_o shall_v be_v testify_v to_o the_o world_n so_o much_o unto_o we_o if_o we_o will_v make_v use_n of_o of_o that_o aphorism_n a_o analogy_n in_o the_o so_o different_a form_n of_o both_o republic_n be_v right_o observe_v as_o fit_v it_o shall_v be_v so_o shall_v be_v the_o safety_n of_o our_o king_n who_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o majesty_n but_o the_o king_n only_o xvi_o from_o these_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v i_o believe_v it_o be_v manifest_a enough_o that_o neither_o in_o the_o appellation_n of_o safety_n nor_o in_o the_o appellation_n of_o people_n there_o be_v any_o force_n at_o all_o in_o this_o vulgar_a axiom_n as_o to_o wrest_v it_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o kingly_a dignity_n unless_o with_o the_o great_a injury_n that_o can_v be_v do_v unto_o it_o and_o if_o the_o two_o other_o remain_v word_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o supreme_a law_n shall_v be_v right_o weigh_v they_o will_v acknowledge_v i_o believe_v if_o they_o have_v but_o any_o modesty_n or_o reason_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v speak_v in_o this_o axiom_n which_o be_v more_o ample_a and_o illustrious_a to_o establish_v the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o king_n for_o these_o word_n the_o supreme_a law_n do_v suppose_v that_o in_o every_o commonwealth_n there_o ought_v necessary_o to_o be_v somewhere_o a_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v above_o all_o humane_a law_n positive_a 331._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n 5._o ethic._n 14._o nulla_fw-la tanta_fw-la providentia_fw-la potuit_fw-la esse_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la compoâ—ebant_fw-la ut_fw-la species_n criminum_fw-la complecterentur_fw-la quintiâ—_n declam_fw-la 331._o to_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o look_v and_o by_o his_o authority_n to_o take_v care_n that_o neither_o by_o the_o defect_n of_o law_n or_o the_o too_o superstitious_a observance_n of_o they_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v receive_v any_o damage_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v plain_a enough_o for_o the_o wise_a lawmaker_n can_v so_o foresee_v all_o circumstance_n of_o event_n to_o come_v neither_o can_v he_o make_v such_o a_o sufficient_a precaution_n by_o the_o law_n as_o to_o prevent_v all_o those_o evil_n &_o inconvenience_n which_o he_o suspect_v may_v come_v to_o pass_v and_o this_o be_v not_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o law_n or_o of_o the_o lawmaker_n but_o as_o aristotle_n have_v excellent_o observe_v it_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v define_v by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v indefinite_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o variety_n and_o uncertain_a ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ibid._n because_o depend_v on_o futurity_n can_v be_v comprehend_v within_o some_o certain_a rule_n of_o limitation_n the_o lawmaker_n therefore_o have_v discharge_v his_o part_n if_o by_o his_o law_n he_o have_v ordain_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n just_a 1._o aristot_n 1._o and_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonalty_n 14._o ethic._n 14._o although_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o indeed_o often_o time_n it_o do_v that_o on_o
commonalty_n 31â—_n â—_o etc._n etc._n the_o first_o doubt_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o necessary_a use_n of_o humane_a law_n 312_o 4._o etc._n etc._n the_o second_o doubt_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o a_o lawgiver_n to_o command_v the_o act_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o to_o forbid_v all_o vice_n 315_o â—_o etc._n etc._n the_o three_o doubt_n of_o what_o importance_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o obligation_n 320_o 2._o etc._n etc._n the_o four_o doubt_n of_o the_o change_n of_o law_n 322_o 5._o the_o five_o of_o the_o change_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a politic_a government_n 326_o 6._o the_o six_o doubt_n how_o that_o axiom_n the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 329_o the_o summary_n of_o the_o ten_o lecture_n â—_o etc._n etc._n a_o rehearsal_n of_o some_o thing_n already_o speak_v 334_o 4._o the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o this_o aphorism_n viz._n the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n be_v again_o debate_v and_o resolve_v 146_o 7._o what_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o this_o word_n safety_n 340_o 8._o etc._n etc._n and_o what_o by_o the_o word_n people_n 342_o 11._o etc._n etc._n when_o word_n collective_a be_v to_o be_v take_v collective_o and_o when_o to_o be_v take_v discretive_o 345_o 13._o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n do_v include_v also_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n 348_o 14._o etc._n etc._n and_o his_o safety_n especial_o 349_o 16._o in_o every_o commonwealth_n there_o must_v be_v necessary_o some_o authority_n which_o be_v to_o be_v above_o all_o law_n 351_o 17._o etc._n etc._n which_o can_v belong_v to_o any_o other_o but_o to_o the_o prince_n only_o 353_o 19_o the_o original_n of_o this_o aphorism_n be_v examine_v 355_o 20._o what_o subject_n may_v do_v in_o this_o case_n and_o how_o far_o they_o may_v act_v 357_o 22._o a_o illustrious_a example_n of_o it_o 359_o the_o end_n the_o first_o lecture_n in_o which_o the_o definition_n of_o conscience_n be_v propound_v and_o unfold_v 1_o cor._n 2._o 11._o what_o man_n know_v the_o thing_n of_o a_o man_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n which_o be_v in_o he_o i._o that_o the_o power_n of_o conscience_n be_v very_o great_a milone_n great_a cicero_n pro_fw-la milone_n either_o in_o the_o respect_n of_o fear_n or_o confidence_n have_v be_v of_o old_a declare_v by_o wise_a and_o learned_a man_n and_o more_o near_o and_o abundant_o attest_v by_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o men._n it_o be_v therefore_o the_o more_o to_o be_v lament_v that_o many_o while_o greedy_o they_o employ_v all_o their_o study_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n indifferent_a be_v in_o so_o dark_a a_o ignorance_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o own_o conscience_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v a_o more_o faithful_a admonisher_n or_o a_o more_o diligent_a accuser_n or_o a_o severe_a witness_n or_o a_o uncorrupt_a judge_n or_o a_o sweet_a comforter_n or_o a_o more_o importunate_a enemy_n that_o therefore_o i_o may_v instill_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o ear_n of_o the_o ingenious_a that_o old_a and_o so_o often_o repeat_v instruction_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v know_v thyself_o and_o divert_v they_o a_o little_a from_o the_o too_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o a_o more_o unprofitable_a knowledge_n gradual_o by_o invite_v they_o to_o a_o great_a care_n and_o study_v of_o their_o conscience_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v a_o work_n worth_a the_o labour_n if_o i_o shall_v a_o little_a more_o diligent_o inquire_v into_o the_o use_n &_o nature_n of_o conscience_n and_o in_o this_o place_n according_a to_o my_o obligation_n communicate_v to_o you_o my_o auditor_n those_o meditation_n which_o i_o shall_v find_v most_o observable_a on_o this_o subject_a i_o have_v determine_v therefore_o in_o this_o first_o lecture_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o nature_n of_o conscience_n by_o define_v it_o and_o in_o my_o follow_a lecture_n by_o the_o almighty_n permission_n i_o will_v expound_v unto_o you_o the_o use_n and_o office_n of_o the_o conscience_n especial_o as_o it_o reflect_v on_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v and_o that_o in_o a_o double_a respect_n the_o first_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n to_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a and_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n to_o former_a action_n over_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v to_o govern_v ii_o but_o the_o method_n of_o define_v be_v twofold_a the_o one_o synthetical_a or_o by_o the_o way_n of_o composition_n when_o by_o due_a weigh_v of_o every_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n the_o definition_n at_o last_o be_v perfect_o collect_v the_o other_o analytical_a and_o by_o way_n of_o resolution_n which_o do_v take_v asunder_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o definition_n and_o open_a and_o unfold_v that_o which_o at_o first_o be_v propound_v entire_a although_o the_o former_a may_v peradventure_o seem_v more_o convenient_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n yet_o i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o latter_a which_o i_o conceive_v more_o fit_a for_o instruction_n thus_o therefore_o i_o do_v brief_o define_v conscience_n conscience_n be_v a_o faculty_n or_o a_o habit_n of_o the_o practical_a understanding_n by_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n do_v by_o the_o discourse_n of_o reason_n apply_v that_o light_n with_o which_o he_o be_v endue_v to_o his_o particular_a moral_a action_n in_o this_o definition_n two_o thing_n do_v prefer_v themselves_o to_o observation_n first_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v which_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o conscience_n itself_o second_o the_o particular_a member_n of_o the_o definition_n which_o be_v all_o those_o that_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o species_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o genus_fw-la the_o subject_a the_o object_n and_o the_o proper_a act._n iii_o as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o learned_a man_n that_o in_o all_o the_o old_a testament_n there_o be_v not_o find_v a_o hebrew_n word_n which_o precise_o and_o peculiar_o do_v signify_v the_o conscience_n but_o the_o hebrew_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n of_o speak_v as_o often_o as_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o conscience_n they_o make_v use_v of_o one_o of_o those_o two_o word_n to_o express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o whereof_o be_v know_v by_o all_o to_o signify_v the_o heart_n and_o the_o other_o the_o spirit_n of_o man._n according_a to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o solomon_n in_o the_o four_o of_o proverb_n 23._o prov._n 4._o 23._o keep_v thy_o heart_n with_o all_o diligence_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v le_fw-fr every_o one_o have_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o his_o own_o conscience_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o of_o ecclesiastes_n where_o according_a to_o the_o old_a interpretation_n the_o word_n be_v 23._o eccle_n â—_o 23._o thy_o conscience_n know_v that_o thou_o thyself_o have_v often_o curse_v other_o and_o according_a unto_o the_o translation_n of_o tremellius_n thy_o mind_n be_v conscious_a it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n text_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v thy_o heart_n know_v and_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n especial_o in_o st._n john_n in_o who_o writing_n there_o be_v many_o hebraism_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o heart_n be_v often_o put_v for_o the_o conscience_n as_o john_n 1_o 3._o 21._o 1_o john_n 3_o 21._o if_o our_o heart_n condemn_v we_o not_o that_o be_v if_o our_o conscience_n do_v condemn_v we_o not_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o conscience_n to_o condemn_v or_o not_o to_o condemn_v the_o guilty_a person_n stand_v before_o the_o tribunal_n of_o justice_n from_o this_o proceed_v that_o common_a allusion_n of_o st._n bernard_n and_o other_o conscientia_fw-la quasi_fw-la cordis_fw-la scientia_fw-la the_o conscience_n be_v the_o heart_n consciousness_n the_o conscience_n also_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n oftentimes_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o the_o grecians_n be_v call_v and_o express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o spirit_n i_o will_v only_o instance_n two_o place_n for_o what_o need_v any_o more_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o evident_a in_o the_o old_a testament_n proverb_n the_o 18_o and_o the_o fourteen_o verse_n the_o spirit_n of_o man_n will_v sustain_v his_o infirmity_n but_o a_o break_a spirit_n who_o can_v endure_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n of_o a_o sound_n and_o unstained_a conscience_n will_v endure_v with_o as_o much_o courage_n as_o patience_n whatsoever_o calamity_n shall_v befall_v he_o but_o a_o afflict_a and_o guilty_a conscience_n be_v a_o burden_n insupportable_a and_o then_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n
that_o deliverance_n which_o god_n vouchsafe_v to_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n under_o ahasuerus_n king_n of_o the_o persian_n esther_n 9_o three_o when_o moses_n command_v but_o one_o day_n only_o in_o the_o year_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o seven_o month_n for_o a_o solemn_a fast_o the_o king_n and_o magistrate_n of_o that_o people_n for_o what_o cause_v it_o be_v not_o know_v but_o likely_a in_o the_o remembrance_n of_o some_o remarkable_a judgement_n of_o god_n do_v by_o their_o own_o authority_n institute_v annual_a solemn_a fast_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o last_o of_o â—he_n prophet_n there_o be_v four_o solemn_a fast_n keep_v every_o year_n viz_o three_o other_o beside_o that_o of_o the_o seven_o month_n in_o the_o four_o five_o and_o ten_o month_n of_o all_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v zach._n 8._o 19_o four_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o dedication_n of_o the_o altar_n call_v encoenia_fw-la be_v institute_v by_o the_o asamonians_n without_o any_o command_n of_o god_n the_o history_n be_v to_o be_v read_v maccab._n 4._o 59_o and_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o and_o best_a interpreter_n christ_n himself_o be_v think_v not_o only_o to_o have_v approve_v of_o it_o but_o to_o have_v honour_v it_o with_o his_o presence_n joh._n 10._o 20._o five_o we_o find_v it_o no_o where_o to_o be_v enjoin_v by_o any_o commandment_n of_o god_n that_o in_o solemn_a fast_n and_o penitential_a mourning_n they_o shall_v put_v on_o sackcloth_n and_o strew_v ash_n on_o their_o hair_n but_o among_o the_o jew_n for_o some_o age_n past_a the_o long_a custom_n be_v so_o receive_v and_o so_o obtain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n that_o christ_n himself_o do_v use_v that_o manner_n of_o speech_n as_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o dislike_n of_o it_o mat._n 11._o 21._o six_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o rabbin_n that_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n also_o of_o the_o jew_n before_o the_o supper_n of_o the_o passeover_n that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n shall_v stoop_v solow_a as_o to_o wash_v the_o foot_n of_o those_o of_o his_o own_o household_n which_o although_o command_v by_o no_o law_n of_o god_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o christ_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o gospel_n john_n 13._o why_o shall_v i_o here_o number_v up_o the_o synagogue_n every_o where_o build_v in_o so_o many_o city_n and_o town_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o sacred_a convention_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n a_o long_a catalogue_n whereof_o the_o jewish_a commentary_n do_v afford_v we_o from_o all_o which_o this_o may_v be_v conclude_v if_o so_o many_o thing_n pertain_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n be_v lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o alter_v under_o that_o yoke_n of_o severe_a discipline_n there_o can_v no_o probable_a argument_n be_v derive_v from_o their_o example_n to_o overthrow_v the_o force_n of_o ecclesiastical_a humane_a law_n the_o seven_o lecture_n concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o prov_n 8._o 15._o per_fw-la i_o reges_fw-la regnant_a et_fw-fr legum_n conditores_fw-la justa_fw-la decernunt_fw-la by_o i_o king_n reign_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o law_n do_v decree_v just_a thing_n in_o the_o last_o term_n we_o do_v treat_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n both_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n that_o law_n right_o constitute_v do_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o obedience_n so_o also_o in_o the_o species_n as_o to_o those_o doubt_n which_o seem_v proper_o to_o pertain_v to_o the_o material_a cause_n to_o wit_n how_o humane_a law_n do_v oblige_v they_o first_o we_o treat_v of_o thing_n impossible_a second_o of_o thing_n possible_a but_o very_o burdensome_a three_o of_o thing_n necessary_a four_o of_o thing_n unlawful_a and_o dishonest_a five_o of_o evil_n to_o be_v permit_v sixthly_a of_o thing_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n &_o indifferent_a in_o general_a seven_o of_o ecclesiastical_a rite_n in_o special_a of_o all_o these_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v that_o i_o may_v not_o appear_v too_o tedious_a in_o repetition_n the_o sum_n be_v this_o that_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v just_a law_n but_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o obey_v law_n that_o be_v unjust_a and_o so_o solomon_n in_o this_o text_n require_v of_o the_o maker_n of_o law_n that_o they_o do_v decree_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_a i_o must_v now_o proceed_v to_o prosecute_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v yet_o remain_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o which_o i_o will_v use_v as_o much_o brevity_n as_o the_o subject_n will_v permit_v that_o so_o in_o its_o due_a time_n i_o may_v finish_v the_o whole_a work_n or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o pertain_v to_o the_o obligation_n of_o law_n ii_o in_o the_o order_n of_o cause_n according_a to_o the_o method_n which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v the_o efficient_a cause_n do_v follow_v next_o to_o the_o material_a and_o the_o formal_a next_o to_o that_o the_o final_a cause_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o and_o do_v both_o head_n the_o rear_n and_o shut_v it_o up_o concern_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o law_n i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o three_o conclusion_n of_o the_o five_o lecture_n that_o humane_a law_n do_v not_o oblige_v unless_o they_o be_v make_v by_o a_o person_n invest_v with_o a_o legitimate_a authority_n this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v now_o remain_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o who_o be_v the_o just_a and_o lawful_a power_n of_o make_v of_o law_n or_o who_o be_v those_o maker_n of_o law_n to_o who_o according_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o solomon_n the_o right_n of_o discern_v righteous_a thing_n belong_v to_o give_v a_o full_a answer_n to_o this_o first_o doubt_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o by_o far_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o cause_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o suppose_v the_o legislative_a power_n to_o be_v the_o power_n of_o a_o superior_a as_o to_o give_v a_o command_n in_o which_o appellation_n i_o do_v also_o comprehend_v a_o prohibition_n which_o be_v a_o proper_a act_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v the_o act_n of_o a_o superior_a you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o in_o this_o consideration_n there_o be_v not_o a_o little_a difference_n betwixt_o these_o three_o a_o promise_n a_o petition_n and_o a_o command_n without_o the_o least_o distinction_n it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o superior_n inferior_n and_o equal_n to_o promise_v for_o a_o father_n may_v promise_v something_o to_o his_o son_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o father_n and_o the_o brother_n or_o a_o neighbour_n to_o his_o brother_n or_o to_o his_o neighbour_n but_o to_o crave_v or_o to_o petition_n belong_v proper_o to_o inferior_n and_o sometime_o in_o some_o respect_n to_o equal_n as_o the_o son_n beseech_v his_o father_n or_o the_o neighbour_n his_o neighbour_n to_o excuse_v he_o or_o to_o receive_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o thankfulness_n but_o this_o belong_v not_o unto_o superior_n unless_o it_o be_v very_o improper_o and_o by_o descend_v to_o a_o low_a degree_n than_o their_o condition_n be_v but_o it_o be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o superior_n and_o of_o man_n place_v in_o a_o pre-eminence_n of_o dignity_n to_o command_v that_o he_o will_v be_v altogether_o ridiculous_a whosoever_o he_o be_v whether_o a_o equal_a or_o a_o inferior_a that_o serious_o shall_v command_v his_o superior_a or_o equal_a to_o the_o performance_n of_o any_o thing_n for_o every_o act_n do_v require_v a_o beginning_n proportionated_a to_o it_o and_o a_o equal_a have_v no_o command_n on_o a_o equal_a iii_o now_o as_o to_o a_o obligation_n concern_v these_o three_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v state_v he_o who_o crave_v one_o thing_n of_o another_o man_n oblige_v by_o that_o petition_n neither_o himself_o nor_o the_o party_n of_o who_o he_o crave_v it_o for_o it_o be_v a_o petition_n and_o a_o petition_n be_v a_o act_n of_o indigence_n and_o not_o of_o power_n who_o effect_n because_o it_o depend_v on_o another_o and_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o agent_n itself_o can_v induce_v any_o obligation_n but_o he_o who_o promise_v something_o to_o another_o man_n do_v by_o his_o promise_n oblige_v himself_o but_o he_o oblige_v not_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v for_o a_o promise_n be_v the_o act_n of_o a_o free_a will_n every_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n and_o have_v a_o power_n over_o his_o own_o will_n as_o the_o apostle_n speak_v 1_o cor._n 7._o 37._o can_v exercise_v on_o himself_o that_o right_n and_o power_n which_o he_o have_v over_o his_o own_o will_n but_o
oblige_v the_o subject_n nor_o have_v the_o power_n of_o a_o law_n unless_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o commonalty_n themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o suffrage_n of_o those_o that_o use_v they_o according_a to_o demosthenes_n the_o law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o common_a engagement_n of_o a_o city_n and_o if_o peradventure_o his_o authority_n be_v of_o less_o value_n because_o he_o live_v in_o the_o popular_a common_a wealth_n of_o the_o athenian_n will_v you_o be_v please_v to_o hear_v the_o great_a lawyer_n julian_n who_o live_v when_o the_o roman_a emperor_n have_v the_o fullness_n of_o command_n his_o word_n in_o his_o two_o and_o thirty_o book_n de_fw-fr legib_n be_v these_o ipsae_fw-la leges_fw-la nulla_fw-la alia_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la nos_fw-la tenent_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la judicio_fw-la populi_fw-la receptae_fw-la sunt_fw-la the_o law_n do_v oblige_v we_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o that_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o people_n fourteen_o but_o though_o all_o acknowledge_v the_o necessity_n of_o that_o reception_n or_o consent_n yet_o all_o man_n do_v not_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o same_o fountain_n there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v that_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v therefore_o require_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n because_o that_o prince_n have_v all_o their_o power_n flow_v to_o they_o from_o the_o people_n which_o if_o they_o do_v abuse_v as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v to_o abuse_v it_o if_o they_o shall_v extend_v it_o further_o or_o long_o than_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o people_n the_o people_n by_o their_o own_o right_n may_v again_o reassume_a that_o power_n which_o before_o they_o have_v grant_v to_o they_o this_o be_v a_o most_o erroneous_a and_o a_o dangerous_a position_n and_o which_o all_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n to_o mankind_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n ought_v deserve_o to_o abominate_a all_o their_o reason_n rely_v on_o a_o double_a foundation_n but_o both_o of_o they_o very_o weak_a and_o abhor_v to_o sober_a sense_n the_o first_o be_v that_o prince_n do_v owe_v unto_o the_o people_n for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o other_o that_o whosoever_o he_o be_v who_o grant_v power_n to_o another_o it_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o revoke_v that_o power_n when_o he_o please_v o_o most_o egregious_a sophistry_n if_o this_o be_v so_o be_v samuel_n more_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o his_o oratory_n who_o the_o more_o to_o affright_v the_o people_n be_v weary_a of_o their_o theocracy_n or_o government_n immediate_o from_o god_n and_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o their_o perverse_a affectation_n of_o innovation_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o lay_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o power_n of_o king_n or_o be_v the_o people_n of_o israel_n more_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o their_o folly_n who_o ignorant_a of_o their_o own_o right_n will_v suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v circumvent_v and_o baffle_v by_o so_o gross_a a_o pretence_n and_o return_v nothing_o back_o unto_o the_o prophet_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o word_n be_v they_o all_o so_o dumb_a and_o stupid_a and_o void_a of_o resolution_n as_o well_o as_o understanding_n that_o not_o one_o in_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n can_v be_v find_v as_o have_v either_o so_o much_o acuteness_n or_o confidence_n as_o ready_o to_o make_v answer_n to_o these_o objection_n of_o samuel_n it_o be_v so_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o give_v such_o a_o sudden_a check_n unto_o they_o tell_v boy_n these_o tale_n who_o have_v the_o leisure_n to_o hear_v they_o and_o not_o the_o wit_n to_o understand_v they_o we_o if_o our_o king_n shall_v thus_o begin_v to_o domineer_v will_v use_v our_o own_o privilege_n and_o present_o take_v away_o that_o right_n from_o he_o which_o we_o have_v give_v to_o he_o in_o how_o few_o word_n have_v they_o do_v the_o whole_a work_n and_o stop_v for_o ever_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o prophet_n if_o these_o fiction_n of_o new_a magistrate_n have_v be_v so_o much_o believe_v in_o former_a age_n as_o they_o now_o be_v confident_o suggest_v to_o new_a disciple_n and_o willing_o entertain_v by_o the_o unadvised_a multitude_n xv._o but_o to_o be_v in_o earnest_n and_o to_o draw_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o thing_n itself_o hymn_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d homer_n in_o hymn_n i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o the_o power_n of_o govern_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n by_o what_o mean_v soever_o man_n arrive_v unto_o it_o proceed_v only_o and_o immediate_o from_o god_n himself_o the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v most_o manifest_a 19_o manifest_a non_fw-la alio_fw-la animo_fw-la populus_fw-la rectorem_fw-la suum_fw-la intuetur_fw-la quà m_fw-la si_fw-la dii_fw-la immortales_fw-la potestatem_fw-la visendi_fw-la svi_fw-la faciant_fw-la seneo_fw-la 1._o the_o clemâ—â—_n 19_o by_o i_o king_n reign_n prov._n 8._o that_o be_v by_o my_o authority_n alone_o and_o not_o by_o any_o authority_n of_o man_n the_o power_n ordain_v be_v ordain_v by_o god_n and_o not_o by_o the_o people_n rom._n 13._o 1._o the_o magistrate_n themselves_o which_o be_v set_v over_o the_o people_n be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n rom._n 13._o 4_o 6._o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v god_n psal_n 82._o 6._o because_o they_o be_v his_o vicegerent_n on_o earth_n god_n himself_o and_o not_o the_o suffrage_n of_o any_o people_n confer_v this_o honour_n on_o they_o i_o have_v say_v you_o be_v go_n can_v any_o people_n constitute_v god_n unto_o themselves_o without_o the_o filthy_a crime_n of_o idolatry_n see_v it_o belong_v to_o man_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o own_o vicegerent_n and_o to_o intrust_v they_o with_o place_n and_o power_n according_a to_o their_o own_o and_o not_o another_o arbitration_n will_v any_o mortal_a man_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o arrogate_v that_o right_n unto_o himself_o as_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n on_o earth_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o vice-god_n be_v make_v so_o by_o his_o authority_n and_o by_o a_o power_n which_o his_o wretchedness_n have_v confer_v on_o he_o although_o peradventure_o there_o may_v be_v some_o reference_n or_o part_n of_o the_o people_n concern_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o power_n as_o by_o and_o by_o you_o shall_v see_v just_o so_o as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o natural_a thing_n there_o be_v some_o praevious_a alteration_n which_o may_v prepare_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o matter_n to_o receive_v the_o form_n to_o be_v introduce_v yet_o the_o confer_v of_o the_o kingly_a power_n and_o the_o application_n of_o it_o to_o the_o person_n be_v not_o the_o work_n of_o the_o people_n but_o immediate_o of_o god_n himself_o as_o the_o production_n of_o a_o form_n into_o the_o matter_n subject_v be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o agent_n or_o person_n generate_a 20._o lib._n 5._o contra_fw-la haeres_fw-la cap._n 20._o that_o be_v elegant_o speak_v of_o irenaeus_n cujus_fw-la jussu_fw-la homines_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la huius_fw-la jussu_fw-la et_fw-la reges_fw-la constituuntur_fw-la by_o who_o command_n man_n be_v bear_v by_o his_o command_n king_n be_v also_o constitute_v xvi_o i_o say_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o point_n direct_o to_o the_o fountain_n head_n that_o political_a domination_n at_o the_o beginning_n be_v only_o the_o offspring_n of_o paternal_a power_n those_o who_o have_v the_o leisure_n to_o look_v more_o diligent_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o thing_n will_v find_v that_o the_o nation_n do_v not_o grow_v up_o into_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o all_o empire_n among_o the_o posterity_n of_o noah_n do_v for_o a_o while_n consist_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o paternal_a authority_n at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o king_n nor_o petty_a king_n much_o less_o monarch_n of_o vast_a continent_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o aristocratical_a government_n or_o popular_a state_n a_o word_n not_o hear_v of_o throughout_o all_o the_o world_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o bring_v into_o greece_n a_o move_a nation_n and_o desirous_a of_o novelty_n by_o the_o ambition_n or_o fury_n of_o some_o who_o industrious_o affect_v new_a thing_n all_o domination_n at_o that_o time_n consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o head_n of_o family_n among_o which_o he_o who_o be_v the_o first_o bear_v of_o every_o family_n â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aristot_n 7._o eudem_fw-la 10._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n 1._o polit._n â—_o without_o any_o suffrage_n or_o election_n be_v by_o a_o certain_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o nature_n the_o governor_n of_o all_o thing_n both_o holy_a and_o civil_a and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o all_o that_o alliance_n who_o
according_a to_o his_o arbitration_n do_v chastise_v delinquent_n first_o with_o moderate_a punishment_n and_o family_n afterward_o increase_v into_o great_a multitude_n he_o afflict_v the_o guilty_a with_o more_o grievous_a chastisement_n till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o number_n of_o man_n still_o increase_v and_o vice_n increase_v with_o they_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o condemn_v notorious_a offender_n unto_o death_n from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o heretofore_o the_o father_n have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o child_n and_o his_o family_n 6._o pater_fw-la jussi_fw-la hoc_fw-la nomen_fw-la â—mni_fw-la lege_fw-la majus_n est_fw-la jus_fw-la nobit_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la necisque_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la quintil._n declam_n 6._o of_o which_o power_n there_o remain_v a_o long_a time_n some_o impression_n after_o the_o constitution_n of_o king_n among_o the_o nation_n and_o from_o hence_o among_o the_o persian_n the_o too_o much_o severity_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o father_n over_o their_o child_n be_v so_o much_o observe_v but_o nevertheless_o disprove_v by_o aristotle_n and_o that_o old_a and_o solemn_a form_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o arrogate_a their_o child_n which_o aulus_n gellius_n make_v mention_n of_o noct._n attic._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 19_o uti_fw-la ei._n vitæ_fw-la necis_fw-la que_fw-fr in._n eo_fw-la potest_fw-la as_o siet_n that_o he_o have_v the_o power_n over_o he_o both_o of_o life_n and_o death_n etc._n etc._n from_o these_o beginning_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n kingdom_n by_o degree_n do_v every_o where_n arise_v and_o those_o who_o command_v over_o they_o be_v call_v king_n and_o in_o their_o dominion_n although_o but_o of_o a_o short_a extent_n peradventure_o but_o one_o little_a city_n with_o the_o hamlet_n and_o village_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o exercise_v a_o absolute_a authority_n and_o command_n principio_fw-la rerum_fw-la gentium_fw-la nationumque_fw-la imperia_n penes_fw-la reges_fw-la erant_fw-la in_o the_o begin_n of_o thing_n the_o government_n of_o people_n and_o nation_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o king_n polit._n justin_n 1._o hist_o 1._o cic._n 3._o legib._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n 1._o polit._n so_o justine_n begin_v his_o history_n and_o cicero_n before_o he_o say_v omnes_fw-la antiquae_fw-la gentes_fw-la regibus_fw-la quondam_a paruerunt_fw-la all_o ancient_a nation_n do_v heretofore_o obey_v king_n and_o aristotle_n more_o ancient_a than_o both_o of_o they_o do_v testify_v that_o those_o city_n which_o be_v free_a in_o his_o time_n he_o mean_v the_o city_n of_o greece_n and_o other_o which_o follow_v their_o example_n be_v at_o the_o first_o under_o the_o command_n of_o king_n among_o many_o other_o thing_n this_o be_v no_o light_a argument_n of_o this_o original_n which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o king_n be_v heretofore_o enclose_v in_o such_o narrow_a limit_n that_o in_o canaan_n alone_o which_o be_v no_o great_a country_n we_o do_v read_v that_o there_o be_v one_o and_o thirty_o king_n overthrow_v by_o josuah_n the_o captain_n general_n of_o the_o host_n of_o israel_n jos_n 12._o and_o probable_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o he_o leave_v above_o as_o many_o more_o unfought_a with_o for_o not_o long_o after_o the_o death_n of_o josuah_n we_o find_v that_o adonibezek_n do_v exercise_v a_o barbarous_a cruelty_n on_o seventy_o king_n who_o he_o have_v conquer_a judg._n 1._o 7._o what_o need_v many_o word_n so_o little_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o a_o great_a family_n and_o a_o king_n of_o a_o small_a territory_n nazianzeni_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gregor_n presb._n in_o vita_fw-la greg._n nazianzeni_fw-la that_o they_o seem_v to_o differ_v more_o in_o name_n and_o bulk_n than_o in_o deed_n and_o power_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v if_o a_o true_a calculation_n be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o domination_n of_o a_o family_n in_o the_o process_n of_o time_n do_v by_o degree_n and_o by_o a_o unperceived_a enlargement_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o kingly_a name_n and_o power_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o great_a empire_n be_v not_o where_o else_o to_o be_v extract_v but_o from_o this_o head_n and_o thus_o far_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o plain_a nothing_o more_o sure_a than_o that_o in_o the_o confer_v of_o kingly_a power_n the_o people_n have_v no_o part_n at_o all_o neither_o indeed_o can_v have_v xvii_o from_o these_o thing_n as_o i_o conceive_v we_o safe_o may_v conclude_v to_o note_n that_o by_o the_o way_n which_o be_v worthy_a your_o observation_n that_o the_o form_n of_o government_n by_o which_o the_o first-born_a of_o the_o whole_a family_n do_v succeed_v into_o his_o father_n right_n as_o the_o next_o heir_n be_v just_o to_o be_v prefer_v above_o the_o rest_n for_o many_o considerable_a reason_n but_o especial_o for_o this_o because_o it_o best_o of_o all_o answer_n to_o that_o original_a to_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o nature_n itself_o in_o some_o sort_n have_v make_v man_n from_o which_o most_o ancient_a and_o congruous_a form_n of_o nature_n when_o once_o we_o have_v depart_v the_o impotent_a and_o unruly_a lust_n of_o domination_n attempt_v forbid_v way_n to_o ascend_v to_o the_o height_n of_o sovereignty_n all_o thing_n be_v thereby_o lay_v open_a to_o tyranny_n and_o popular_a endeavour_n for_o they_o who_o arrive_v to_o sovereignty_n otherwise_o than_o by_o a_o legitimate_a succession_n must_v necessary_o be_v promote_v to_o it_o by_o one_o of_o these_o three_o way_n either_o by_o open_a force_n and_o strength_n of_o arm_n or_o by_o craft_n and_o policy_n or_o three_o by_o a_o free_a election_n those_o who_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n have_v obtain_v the_o sovereign_a power_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o mere_a usurpation_n without_o any_o pretence_n of_o right_n or_o by_o war_n make_v upon_o their_o enemy_n who_o unjust_o have_v provoke_v they_o for_o both_o way_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v it_o be_v certain_a do_v owe_v no_o more_o their_o authority_n to_o their_o subject_n than_o those_o who_o succeed_v in_o their_o kingdom_n by_o hereditary_a right_n nay_o much_o less_o for_o the_o one_o do_v govern_v over_o their_o willing_a subject_n and_o use_v to_o the_o yoke_n and_o the_o other_o over_o a_o unwilling_a people_n and_o if_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o he_o in_o strength_n ready_a to_o make_v resistance_n and_o to_o fight_v against_o he_o so_o that_o in_o this_o consideration_n also_o in_o confer_v of_o the_o chief_a power_n the_o people_n have_v no_o interest_n at_o all_o xviii_o but_o in_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o power_n of_o those_o man_n who_o by_o tyranny_n and_o deceit_n do_v exercise_v a_o tyrannical_a power_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o people_n have_v a_o great_a interest_n for_o those_o who_o affect_v tyranny_n be_v accustom_v above_o all_o thing_n to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n potentiam_fw-la ex_fw-la vulgi_fw-la adulatione_fw-la quaerentes_fw-la seek_v after_o power_n by_o flatter_v of_o the_o vulgar_a 3._o justin_n 13._o 3._o the_o history_n of_o divers_a nation_n do_v afford_v we_o many_o example_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n i_o will_v make_v use_n only_o of_o the_o abridgement_n of_o trogus_n pompeius_n where_o we_o may_v find_v by_o what_o art_n pisistratus_n of_o the_o athenian_n 8._o ibid._n 2._o 8._o clearchus_n of_o the_o heraclian_o 4._o ibid._n 16._o 4._o dionysius_n junior_n of_o the_o sicilian_n and_o other_o of_o other_o country_n do_v allure_v the_o people_n to_o side_n with_o their_o faction_n 1._o ibid._n 21._o 1._o with_o invective_n and_o envious_a oration_n they_o will_v incense_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o credulous_a multitude_n against_o the_o best_a of_o the_o citizen_n they_o will_v act_n and_o enact_v many_o thing_n public_o to_o be_v praise_v and_o which_o carry_v a_o face_n of_o clemency_n justice_n and_o benignity_n to_o the_o people_n they_o will_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o citizen_n as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o only_a assertor_n vindicator_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o public_a liberty_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o flattery_n and_o allurement_n with_o which_o the_o vulgar_a love_n and_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v trepan_v their_o pretence_n and_o dissemble_a of_o duty_n their_o often-repeated_n promise_n the_o hope_n they_o throw_v in_o of_o happy_a time_n and_o of_o the_o change_n of_o government_n into_o a_o better_a be_v those_o egregious_a artifices_fw-la by_o which_o they_o who_o by_o deceit_n do_v arise_v to_o sovereignty_n do_v solicit_v and_o bend_v and_o lead_v which_o way_n they_o will_v the_o move_a and_o unwary_a people_n flatter_v they_o with_o fair_a word_n to_o serve_v their_o foul_a ambition_n and_o hòs_fw-la equidem_fw-la perrarò_a haec_fw-la alea_fw-la fallit_fw-la these_o be_v the_o man_n who_o have_v the_o die_n that_o always_o run_v upon_o the_o sice_n for_o rely_v on_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o
degree_n be_v the_o express_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o a_o law_n propound_v to_o they_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o they_o consent_v unto_o it_o be_v ask_v that_o be_v when_o a_o prince_n have_v prepare_v at_o home_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o wise_a man_n and_o though_o not_o perfect_o draw_v it_o up_o yet_o he_o have_v run_v it_o over_o and_o put_v it_o into_o some_o form_n and_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v that_o nothing_o may_v open_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o that_o be_v either_o inconvenient_a or_o absurd_a require_v withal_o that_o they_o or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o if_o they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v confim_v it_o with_o their_o suffrage_n that_o so_o by_o their_o consent_n it_o may_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n and_o this_o in_o some_o manner_n be_v heretofore_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n their_o commonwealth_n yet_o stand_v and_o from_o this_o ask_n the_o rogation_n of_o their_o law_n receive_v its_o original_n a_o word_n most_o frequent_a among_o the_o best_a of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n xxvii_o the_o last_o and_o high_a degree_n which_o be_v the_o great_a an_o indeed_o the_o true_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n by_o which_o we_o britain_n have_v so_o long_o be_v happy_a even_o unto_o envy_n under_o excellent_a king_n and_o have_v we_o not_o out_o of_o our_o stupid_a ingratitude_n make_v ourselves_o unworthy_a of_o so_o great_a a_o blessing_n we_o have_v continue_v still_o most_o happy_a be_v the_o express_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n before_o the_o enact_v of_o the_o law_n when_o the_o prescribe_a form_n thereof_o a_o just_a and_o deliberate_a debate_n be_v first_o have_v of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o and_o approve_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o conjoin_v with_o they_o be_v at_o last_o exhibit_v to_o the_o king_n majesty_n to_o who_o alone_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o make_v law_n do_v belong_v that_o be_v by_o he_o confirm_v if_o it_o seem_v good_a unto_o he_o it_o may_v have_v the_o power_n and_o virtue_n of_o a_o law_n or_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v make_v void_a and_o be_v esteem_v no_o law_n which_o manner_n of_o enact_v of_o law_n be_v most_o prudent_o devise_v by_o our_o forefather_n and_o bring_v even_o unto_o our_o time_n by_o so_o long_a a_o series_n of_o king_n and_o year_n have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o use_n and_o experience_n of_o all_o age_n past_a so_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o if_o unseasonable_a counsel_n have_v not_o be_v take_v to_o speak_v no_o more_o of_o it_o for_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o old_a mark_n and_o limit_n from_o their_o right_a place_n our_o church_n universitye_n the_o king_n the_o people_n the_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o private_a family_n have_v by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n yet_o flourish_v which_o now_o by_o his_o most_o just_a judgement_n 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authority_n they_o rely_v and_o from_o which_o they_o receive_v all_o their_o force_n they_o do_v in_o some_o sense_n and_o indirect_o oblige_v all_o and_o every_o subject_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o one_o and_o same_o account_n nor_o degree_n of_o these_o two_o obligation_n for_o these_o law_n oblige_v those_o of_o their_o own_o society_n to_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o they_o but_o the_o other_o unto_o this_o that_o they_o do_v no_o way_n violate_v or_o diminish_v they_o or_o hinder_v the_o observation_n of_o they_o xxix_o the_o five_o doubt_n be_v of_o ecclesiastical_a law_n in_o the_o species_n of_o they_o and_o that_o new_a law_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v rite_n and_o ecclesiastical_a thing_n and_o person_n and_o of_o all_o circumstance_n of_o outward_a external_a worship_n belong_v to_o order_n honesty_n and_o edification_n beside_o those_o deliver_v by_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n be_v a_o thing_n so_o 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the_o politic_a magistrate_n there_o be_v some_o who_o the_o person_n only_o but_o not_o the_o opinion_n be_v change_v do_v embrace_v this_o tenet_n as_o also_o many_o other_o of_o the_o papist_n who_o notwithstanding_o do_v profess_v themselves_o most_o bitter_a enemy_n unto_o popery_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o disciplinary_a reformer_n our_o new_a davuss_n do_v disturb_v all_o thing_n and_o have_v take_v away_o all_o power_n authority_n and_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n from_o the_o king_n they_o do_v challenge_v it_o only_o to_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o own_o class_n and_o convention_n the_o erastians_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o our_o new_a reformer_n no_o less_o than_o they_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o reformation_n have_v altogether_o disinve_v the_o clergy_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a
of_o the_o law_n be_v the_o good_a of_o the_o commonalty_n or_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n this_o be_v prove_v first_o from_o those_o very_a word_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o we_o may_v live_v a_o quiet_a &_o a_o peaceable_a life_n the_o apostle_n do_v here_o exhort_v that_o both_o private_o but_o especial_o in_o public_a congregation_n for_o so_o i_o conceive_v this_o place_n to_o be_v understand_v and_o the_o best_a interpreter_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o i_o request_n prayer_n and_o supplication_n with_o thanksgiving_n may_v be_v make_v as_o first_o for_o all_o man_n in_o general_a out_o of_o charity_n and_o in_o order_n to_o a_o spiritual_a end_n viz._n eternal_a happiness_n in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v man_n and_o either_o in_o act_n or_o in_o power_n member_n of_o the_o mystical_a body_n of_o christ_n so_o more_o especial_o for_o king_n and_o other_o invest_v with_o supreme_a authority_n and_o this_o out_o of_o prudence_n and_o in_o order_n to_o a_o temporal_a end_n to_o wit_n external_a felicity_n in_o this_o present_a life_n as_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_n from_o who_o legislative_a and_o executive_a power_n according_o as_o they_o have_v administer_v it_o whether_o right_o or_o unjust_o either_o the_o chief_a happiness_n or_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o member_n and_o by_o consequence_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n do_v depend_v therefore_o the_o make_n of_o law_n be_v the_o chief_a act_n of_o the_o supreme_a political_a jurisdiction_n that_o which_o be_v the_o supreme_a end_n of_o that_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n be_v also_o the_o supreme_a end_n of_o the_o make_n of_o law_n to_o wit_n the_o good_a of_o the_o commonalty_n it_o be_v prove_v second_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o end_n as_o by_o a_o demonstration_n a_o priori_fw-la that_o in_o its_o order_n be_v the_o ultimate_a end_n of_o everything_o to_o which_o all_o the_o act_n of_o that_o thing_n be_v reduce_v 11._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arist_n 8._o ethic._n 11._o as_o to_o their_o first_o regulative_a principle_n and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v as_o to_o that_o for_o who_o sake_n they_o be_v ultimate_o ordain_v therefore_o the_o final_a cause_n be_v common_o call_v by_o aristotle_n that_o for_o which_o but_o all_o the_o act_n of_o law_n be_v regulate_v by_o the_o common_a good_a as_o by_o their_o first_o rule_n and_o principle_n and_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a good_a as_o to_o that_o for_o who_o sake_n they_o be_v make_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o run_v over_o the_o several_a act_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n for_o wherefore_o be_v good_a thing_n command_v or_o evil_a one_o forbid_v and_o thing_n indifferent_a and_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n permit_v or_o wherefore_o be_v reward_n decree_v to_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o wherefore_o be_v punishment_n appoint_v to_o the_o violator_n of_o law_n or_o wherefore_o be_v the_o law_n in_o the_o court_v indifferent_o plead_v unto_o both_o of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o law_n and_o by_o the_o way_n of_o form_n and_o the_o other_o more_o remote_a and_o by_o the_o way_n of_o effect_n be_v it_o not_o for_o that_o end_n that_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v flourish_v in_o peace_n and_o safety_n and_o that_o private_a man_n according_a to_o their_o measure_n and_o degree_n may_v partake_v rejoice_v in_o the_o public_a happiness_n in_o a_o word_n that_o they_o may_v be_v all_o inservient_fw-la to_o the_o common_a good_a three_o it_o be_v prove_v a_o posteriori_fw-la from_o the_o posterior_n by_o the_o sense_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o man_n for_o the_o lawmaker_n who_o do_v decree_v just_a judgement_n do_v indeed_o appear_v and_o those_o who_o meditate_v on_o evil_a as_o a_o law_n do_v notwithstanding_o desire_v to_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o profit_n in_o the_o make_n of_o their_o law_n and_o to_o prefer_v the_o public_a interest_n above_o their_o own_o whether_o they_o sincere_o intend_v or_o crafty_o pretend_v they_o all_o profess_v that_o in_o the_o make_n of_o their_o law_n their_o chief_a intention_n be_v the_o public_a good_n ii_o this_o foundation_n of_o the_o present_a discourse_n be_v lay_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o end_n of_o law_n be_v the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o doubt_n whereof_o let_v this_o be_v the_o first_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o necessary_a use_n at_o least_o of_o humane_a law_n and_o indeed_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v need_v to_o have_v make_v any_o doubt_n of_o it_o do_v not_o the_o mad_a error_n of_o the_o anabaptist_n and_o some_o other_o of_o their_o faction_n make_v this_o business_n for_o we_o from_o who_o principle_n see_v they_o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o man_n that_o be_v a_o christian_n to_o be_v a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o contend_v by_o war_n or_o by_o suit_n in_o law_n to_o swear_v or_o to_o administer_v a_o oath_n to_o any_o one_o it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o humane_a law_n for_o take_v away_o but_o jurisdiction_n there_o will_v be_v no_o man_n to_o make_v law_n and_o take_v away_o the_o seat_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o will_v be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v fear_v they_o what_o need_v sad_a complaint_n if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o redress_v by_o punishment_n what_o will_v vain_a law_n profit_n without_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o the_o directive_n power_n of_o the_o law_n must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v unto_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o coactive_a power_n do_v not_o assist_v it_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o doubt_n be_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v suffice_v to_o leave_v the_o gentile_n inexcusable_a which_o dictate_v to_o they_o to_o eschew_v all_o sin_n and_o trespass_n to_o injure_v no_o man_n and_o the_o like_a but_o if_o that_o be_v defective_a the_o christian_n have_v at_o hand_n a_o more_o sublime_a and_o a_o more_o perfect_a law_n to_o wit_n the_o law_n of_o faith_n justice_n and_o charity_n make_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n who_o st._n james_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n and_o lawgiver_n 12._o james_n 4._o 12._o this_o place_n in_o my_o judgement_n do_v near_o touch_v our_o innovatour_n who_o have_v derive_v and_o draw_v most_o of_o their_o opinion_n from_o the_o unclean_a well_n of_o the_o anabaptist_n whilst_o they_o collect_v from_o that_o place_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o no_o man_n beside_o christ_n alone_o to_o make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n for_o it_o no_o way_n appear_v either_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n or_o by_o the_o scope_n and_o order_n of_o the_o whole_a perioch_n that_o the_o apostle_n have_v speak_v more_o there_o of_o ecclesiastical_a law_n then_o of_o civil_a and_o unless_o they_o have_v rather_o deal_v unfaithfu_o and_o deceitfu_o with_o we_o than_o be_v rule_v by_o reason_n they_o must_v do_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n which_o they_o please_v either_o turn_v absolute_a anabaptist_n and_o take_v away_o altogether_o from_o mankind_n all_o the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n or_o grant_v unto_o supreme_a magistrate_n as_o it_o be_v fit_a they_o shall_v the_o power_n of_o make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n iii_o but_o how_o these_o our_o brethren_n can_v disentangle_v themselves_o from_o the_o snare_n of_o the_o anabaptist_n it_o do_v not_o much_o concern_v we_o let_v they_o look_v unto_o it_o themselves_o we_o easy_o do_v answer_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v write_v in_o our_o heart_n and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n be_v reveal_v in_o the_o gospel_n and_o that_o both_o of_o they_o in_o their_o kind_n be_v most_o perfect_a but_o so_o that_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o the_o profit_n of_o humane_a law_n be_v very_o great_a and_o their_o use_n as_o necessary_a because_o those_o divine_a law_n do_v contain_v only_o general_a principle_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v from_o which_o as_o conclusion_n from_o their_o principle_n more_o special_a rule_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v accommodate_v to_o the_o right_a institution_n of_o public_a society_n &_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o single_a person_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o way_n to_o be_v fear_v that_o it_o may_v derogate_v at_o all_o from_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o the_o maker_n of_o humane_a law_n do_v not_o go_v about_o to_o add_v any_o new_a stock_n to_o the_o most_o rich_a treasure_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o they_o rather_o take_v from_o thence_o what_o they_o judge_v most_o profitable_a to_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o people_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n humane_a law_n therefore_o if_o they_o be_v just_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o relic_n of_o