p._n 121._o viii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o of_o their_o probate_n to_o who_o it_o it_o ancient_o belong_v p._n 127._o ix_o icenia_n sive_fw-la norfolciae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la topographica_n p._n 133._o x._o catalogus_fw-la comitum_fw-la marescallorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la p._n 165._o xi_o dissertatio_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la p._n 172._o de_fw-fr aetate_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 174._o de_fw-fr evocatis_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la suscipiendam_fw-la p._n 175._o de_fw-fr modo_fw-la â—reandi_fw-la militem_fw-la honoratum_fw-la &_o primo_fw-la de_fw-la cingulo_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 176._o qui_fw-la olim_fw-la fiebant_fw-la milites_fw-la p._n 179._o qui_fw-la possint_fw-la militem_fw-la facere_fw-la p._n 180._o judices_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la appellatione_fw-la militum_fw-la censeri_fw-la scil_n equ_n esse_fw-la palatinos_n p._n 182._o de_fw-fr loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la creationis_fw-la p._n 183._o de_fw-fr censu_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 184._o modus_fw-la exauctorandi_fw-la militem_fw-la quod_fw-la degradare_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la xii_o historia_fw-la familiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n p._n 187._o xiii_o familiae_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la sive_fw-la lestrange_n accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la p._n 200._o fourteen_o a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_a supremacy_n of_o rome_n p._n 203._o xv._n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o place_n or_o dwelling_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o or_o of_o former_a time_n in_o which_o their_o several_a owner_n have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n as_o if_o parcel_n of_o their_o diocese_n though_o they_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o precinct_n of_o another_o bishop_n diocese_n p._n 211._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o tenor_n upon_o the_o commission_n of_o defective_a title_n argue_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o ireland_n and_o publish_v after_o their_o resolution_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n this_o year_n 1639._o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o case_n to_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n have_v their_o original_n in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o assertion_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o feud_n be_v then_o and_o there_o in_o use_n in_o proof_n hereof_o divers_a law_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o some_o other_o authority_n be_v there_o allege_v which_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v clear_v that_o point_n it_o thus_o follow_v in_o the_o report_n p._n 35._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o for_o a_o corollary_n p._n 38._o add_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o these_o law_n vide_fw-la spelman_n in_o glossar_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la be_v thus_o by_o way_n of_o voucher_n make_v a_o chief_a antagonist_n to_o the_o reverend_a opinion_n of_o these_o learned_a grave_a and_o honour_a judge_n i_o humble_o desire_v of_o they_o that_o write_v what_o i_o do_v so_o long_o ago_o and_o in_o a_o transitory_a passage_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o obscure_a word_n not_o think_v then_o to_o be_v provoke_v to_o this_o account_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o pardon_v my_o mistake_n where_o they_o fall_v and_o to_o hear_v without_o offence_n what_o motive_n lead_v i_o to_o my_o conjecture_n which_o they_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o first_o of_o all_o we_o make_v the_o question_n certain_a which_o in_o my_o understanding_n be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o report_n for_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v whether_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o feud_n or_o no_o nor_o what_o kind_n they_o be_v that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o what_o kind_n those_o be_v that_o i_o conjecture_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n i_o will_v therefore_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o orator_n and_o fix_v the_o question_n upon_o the_o definition_n 〈◊〉_d a_o feud_n be_v say_v to_o be_v usus_fw-la fructâ—s_fw-la quidam_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la sub_fw-la conditione_n fidei_fw-la but_o this_o definition_n be_v of_o too_o large_a extent_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o feud_n as_o our_o question_n must_v consist_v upon_o for_o it_o include_v two_o member_n or_o species_n great_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o one_o temporary_a and_o revocable_a as_o those_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n liâ—e_z or_o life_n the_o other_o hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a as_o for_o temporary_a â—euâ—s_n which_o like_o wild_a figtree_n can_v yield_v none_o of_o the_o feodal_a fruit_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n etc._n etc._n unto_o their_o lord_n they_o belong_v nothing_o unto_o our_o argument_n nor_o shall_v i_o make_v other_o use_n in_o set_v of_o they_o forth_o than_o to_o assure_v the_o reader_n they_o be_v not_o those_o that_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o come_v therefore_o to_o our_o proper_a scheme_n let_v we_o see_v what_o that_o hereditary_a feud_n be_v whereupon_o our_o question_n must_v be_v fix_v for_o none_o but_o this_o can_v bear_v the_o feodal_a fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z seq_n a_o feud_n be_v a_o right_n which_o the_o vassal_n have_v in_o land_n or_o some_o immovable_a thing_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o use_v the_o same_o and_o take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o hereditary_o render_v unto_o his_o lord_n such_o feodal_a duty_n and_o service_n as_o belong_v to_o military_a tenure_n the_o mere_a propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n always_o remain_v unto_o the_o lord_n i_o call_v it_o as_o the_o feudist_n do_v jus_fw-la utendi_fw-la praedio_fw-la alieno_fw-la a_o right_a to_o use_v another_o man_n land_n not_o a_o property_n in_o it_o for_o in_o true_a feodal_a speech_n the_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n have_v nothing_o in_o the_o 178._o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o but_o it_o remain_v entire_o unto_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o usual_a name_n which_o we_o now_o give_v it_o of_o the_o seignory_n so_o that_o the_o seignory_n and_o the_o feud_n be_v join_v together_o seem_v to_o make_v that_o absolute_a and_o complete_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n which_o the_o feudist_n in_o time_n of_o old_a call_v allodium_fw-la but_o this_o kind_n of_o feud_n we_o speak_v of_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o only_a whereof_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n though_o time_n have_v somewhat_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o draw_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o the_o lord_n unto_o the_o tenant_n and_o i_o both_o conceive_v and_o affirm_v under_o correction_n that_o this_o our_o kind_n of_o feud_n be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a and_o subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n with_o other_o feodal_a service_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o our_o law_n of_o tenor_n whereon_o they_o depend_v once_o know_v unto_o they_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o hereafter_o follow_v chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o better_a understanding_n that_o which_o follow_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o original_n growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n in_o general_a which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la lord_n and_o servant_n and_o those_o servant_n of_o two_o sort_n some_o to_o attend_v and_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o their_o lord_n upon_o all_o occasion_n in_o war_n and_o peace_n some_o to_o manure_v his_o land_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n when_o private_a family_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n themselves_o hold_v this_o distribution_n 〈◊〉_d example_n hereof_o be_v in_o all_o nation_n 2d_o king_n david_n well_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n where_o if_o such_o service_n have_v any_o show_n of_o feud_n or_o tenor_n we_o have_v a_o pattern_n for_o they_o all_o viz._n for_o that_o of_o francalmoine_n 23._o in_o the_o levite_n for_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o grand_a serjeanty_n 27._o in_o the_o military_a man_n which_o serve_v the_o king_n personal_o by_o monthly_a course_n for_o socage_n in_o those_o who_o david_n appoint_v to_o manure_v the_o field_n dress_v the_o vineyard_n the_o olive-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o the_o ox_n of_o the_o camel_n ass_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o
by_o the_o saxon_n it_o cast_v anchor_n chief_o on_o relief_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o evident_a and_o unanswerable_a the_o rest_n save_o wardship_n it_o scarce_o fortify_v with_o a_o breath_n beside_o the_o bare_a assertion_n this_o it_o say_v be_v common_a and_o in_o pursuit_n thereof_o 37._o add_v these_o word_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o and_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o great_a authority_n secumque_fw-la deos_fw-la in_o praelia_fw-la ducunt_fw-la we_o must_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o let_v we_o try_v they_o single_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o canutus_n be_v in_o these_o word_n and_o beon_o ða_fw-la heregeata_fw-la let_v the_o heriot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a man_n be_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n a_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v and_o four_o unsaddle_v four_o helmet_n four_o corslet_n eight_o spear_n and_o as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o heriot_n of_o a_o thane_n next_o to_o the_o king_n four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v and_o two_o unsaddle_v two_o sword_n four_o spear_n four_o shield_n one_o helmet_n one_o corslet_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o middling_a thane_n a_o horse_n furnish_v and_o his_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n mediocris_fw-la and_o he_o that_o less_o have_v and_o less_o may_v let_v his_o heriot_n be_v two_o pound_n here_o be_v speech_n indeed_o of_o a_o heriot_n but_o none_o of_o relief_n i_o shall_v anon_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o then_o have_v this_o law_n nothing_o against_o i_o touch_v the_o law_n allege_v to_o be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o word_n be_v these_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o confess_v be_v mention_n of_o relief_n but_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o lambard_n among_o his_o receive_a law_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o in_o a_o differ_a letter_n as_o note_v it_o to_o be_v a_o addition_n in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n therefore_o which_o i_o have_v of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sound_a nor_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o roger_n hoveden_n who_o write_v till_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n john_n that_o be_v 134._o year_n after_o the_o confessor_n time_n with_o reverence_n therefore_o be_v it_o speak_v it_o be_v mistake_v both_o in_o the_o report_n and_o by_o my_o ld._n coke_n himself_o who_o it_o follow_v if_o they_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n yea_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v ....._o of_o william_n the_o young_a call_v rufus_n but_o to_o conceal_v no_o truth_n it_o be_v deliver_v by_o jornalensis_n monachus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o a_o law_n of_o a_o elder_a king_n among_o we_o than_o the_o confessor_n namely_o of_o canutus_n our_o danish_a king_n who_o in_o the_o 157._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n speak_v of_o one_o slay_v in_o battle_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v express_o sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la now_o the_o game_n seem_v to_o be_v win_v but_o stay_v a_o while_n and_o remember_v what_o i_o say_v before_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o saxon_a law_n and_o charter_n into_o latin_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o dane_n who_o language_n and_o law_n differ_v little_a in_o those_o day_n write_v their_o law_n only_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n and_o the_o translate_n of_o they_o have_v beget_v much_o variety_n and_o many_o controversy_n we_o must_v therefore_o resort_v to_o the_o original_a saxon_a where_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o 75_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o law_n in_o these_o word_n &_o see_v man_n ðe_fw-la aet_fw-la ðam_fw-la syâ—dung_n toforan_n his_o hlaâ—ord_n bealle_n sy_a hit_v innan_n land_n sy_a hit_n of_o land_n beon_fw-mi herogeata_fw-la forgyfene_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o verbatim_o the_o man_n that_o in_o a_o military_a voyage_n be_v slay_v before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o upon_o land_n or_o off_o of_o land_n let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o he_o say_v not_o let_v the_o releif_n but_o let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o and_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v be_v one_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n which_o edward_n the_o confessor_n take_v out_o of_o canutus_n law_n when_o he_o compose_v the_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o west_n saxon_a law_n mercian_n law_n and_o dane_n law_n if_o the_o copy_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n do_v turn_v that_o law_n of_o heriot_n into_o this_o of_o relief_n for_o that_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v out_o of_o doomsday_n be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n cambden_n have_v in_o berkshire_n touch_v all_o that_o county_n ut_fw-la tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n moriens_fw-la pro_fw-la releviamento_fw-la dimittebat_fw-la regi_fw-la omne_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la unum_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la cane_n vel_fw-la accipitres_fw-la praestabantur_fw-la releviamentum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la sivellet_fw-la acciperet_fw-la here_o be_v releviamentum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o question_n be_v of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o also_o cite_v by_o and_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o one_o answer_n therefore_o serve_v to_o all_o the_o three_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o corollary_n i_o shall_v anon_o discover_v another_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n rise_v even_o from_o doomsday_n itself_o and_o the_o norman_n possess_v this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n relief_n heriot_n be_v usual_a among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n relief_n among_o the_o elder_n norman_n before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n this_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o ordain_v by_o ludovicus_n al._n clodoveus_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 511._o to_o tame_a the_o almain_n who_o he_o then_o have_v bring_v to_o servitude_n i_o find_v it_o not_o in_o england_n till_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o first_o law_n which_o i_o find_v that_o mention_v it_o be_v those_o of_o canutus_n before_o mention_v who_o perhaps_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o throne_n use_v this_o politic_a device_n to_o have_v all_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o his_o disposition_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o he_o have_v dismiss_v his_o danish_a army_n but_o it_o fall_v so_o out_o as_o the_o heriot_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a tenant_n and_o the_o relief_n at_o or_o before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o new_a the_o norman_n in_o this_o do_v like_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n who_o because_o our_o christian_n pascha_fw-la or_o passover_n fall_v out_o yearly_a to_o be_v celebrate_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o their_o idol_n easter_n call_v our_o passover_n by_o the_o name_n of_o their_o easter_n so_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v conceive_v the_o saxon_a heriot_n to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o their_o norman_a relief_n be_v and_o therefore_o translate_v the_o word_n heriot_n by_o releviamentum_fw-la or_o relevium_fw-la and_o raise_v the_o form_n of_o their_o feudal_n law_n in_o england_n draw_v the_o saxon_a custom_n to_o cohere_v therewith_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n for_o heriot_n be_v militiae_fw-la apparatus_n which_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o devise_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o keep_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o subjection_n and_o to_o support_v the_o public_a strength_n and_o military_a furniture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o relief_n for_o the_o private_a commodity_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v inutilem_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la in_o the_o seignory_n the_o heriots_n be_v therefore_o proper_o pay_v in_o habiliment_n of_o war_n the_o relief_n usual_o in_o money_n the_o heriot_n for_o the_o tenant_n that_o die_v and_o out_o of_o his_o good_n â—_o the_o relief_n for_o the_o tenant_n
that_o none_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o further_a trouble_n unless_o the_o king_n be_v own_o necessity_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n earls_z sheriff_n heretoches_n or_o marshal_n of_o army_n trithingreves_n leidgreves_n lieutenant_n hundredors_n alderman_n magistrate_n reves_n baron_n vavasor_n thungreves_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o land_n must_v be_v all_o diligent_o attend_v at_o these_o assembly_n lest_o that_o the_o lewdness_n of_o offender_n the_o misdemeanour_n gravionum_n i_o of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ordinary_a corruption_n of_o judge_n escape_v unpunished_a make_v a_o miserable_a spoil_n of_o the_o people_n first_o let_v the_o law_n of_o true_a christianity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v full_o execute_v with_o due_a satisfaction_n then_o let_v the_o plea_n concern_v the_o king_n be_v deal_v with_o and_o last_o those_o between_o party_n and_o party_n and_o whosoever_o the_o church-synod_n shall_v find_v at_o variance_n let_v they_o either_o make_v a_o accord_n between_o they_o in_o love_n or_o sequester_v they_o by_o their_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v at_o that_o time_n under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o this_o court_n but_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v such_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n themselves_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n for_o many_o such_o there_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o king_n time_n and_o not_o for_o matter_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a canon_n which_o haply_o be_v determinable_a only_o before_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o minister_n to_o proceed_v before_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v command_v in_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n which_o we_o mention_v par_fw-fr 2._o ca._n 17._o the_o bishop_n to_o use_v the_o term_n of_o our_o time_n which_o from_o hence_o take_v the_o original_a give_v a_o solemn_a charge_n unto_o the_o people_n touch_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n open_v unto_o they_o the_o right_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o church_n and_o their_o duty_n therein_o towards_o god_n and_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o divinity_n then_o the_o alderman_n in_o like_a manner_n relate_v unto_o they_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o their_o duty_n towards_o god_n the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o tenure_n thereof_o of_o all_o which_o because_o i_o find_v a_o notable_a precedent_n in_o a_o synodal_n edict_n make_v by_o carolus_n calvus_n emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n in_o council_n carissiaco_fw-it an._n dom._n 856._o i_o will_v here_o add_v it_o not_o to_o show_v that_o our_o saxon_n take_v their_o form_n of_o government_n from_o the_o french_a but_o that_o both_o the_o french_a and_o they_o as_o brethren_n descend_v from_o one_o parent_n the_o german_a keep_v the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o their_o natural_a country_n episcopi_fw-la quinque_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o missi_fw-la in_o illorum_fw-la missaticis_fw-la comitesque_fw-la in_o eorum_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la pariter_fw-la placita_fw-la teneant_fw-la quo_fw-la omnes_fw-la reipub._n ministri_fw-la &_o vassi_n dominici_n omnesque_fw-la quicunque_fw-la vel_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o iisdem_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o comitatibus_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la personaram_fw-la acceptione_n &_o excusatione_n aut_fw-la dilatione_fw-la conveniant_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o bishop_n in_o their_o parish_n or_o diocese_n and_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a or_o alderman_n in_o their_o circuit_n and_o the_o earl_n in_o their_o county_n shall_v hold_v their_o plea_n together_o whereunto_o all_o minister_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n all_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v or_o who_o tenant_n soever_o they_o be_v within_o the_o same_o parish_n or_o county_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o person_n excuse_n or_o delay_n shall_v assemble_v together_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o parish_n or_o diocese_n have_v brief_o note_v sentence_n touch_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o evangelist_n apostle_n and_o prophet_n shall_v read_v they_o to_o the_o people_n and_o also_o the_o decree_n apostolic_a and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o in_o open_a and_o plain_a term_n shall_v instruct_v they_o all_o what_o manner_n and_o how_o great_a a_o sin_n it_o be_v to_o violate_v or_o spoil_v the_o church_n and_o what_o and_o how_o great_a penance_n and_o what_o merciless_a and_o severe_a punishment_n it_o require_v with_o other_o accustom_a necessary_a and_o profitable_a admonishment_n the_o alderman_n also_o or_o justice_n shall_v note_v down_o such_o sentence_n of_o law_n as_o they_o call_v to_o mind_n and_o shall_v publish_v unto_o they_o the_o constitution_n of_o we_o and_o our_o predecessor_n king_n and_o emperor_n gather_v together_o touch_v this_o matter_n and_o the_o bishop_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o alderman_n or_o justice_n and_o earl_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o king_n law_n shall_v with_o all_o the_o care_n they_o can_v prohibit_v every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v any_o prey_n or_o spoil_v of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n of_o parliament_n when_o state_n be_v depart_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n and_o that_o original_a by_o tract_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o of_o memory_n the_o succeed_a age_n view_v what_o be_v pass_v by_o the_o present_a conceive_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v like_o to_o that_o they_o live_v in_o and_o frame_v thereupon_o erroneous_a proposition_n do_v likewise_o make_v thereon_o erroneous_a inference_n and_o conclusion_n i_o will_v not_o pry_v too_o bold_o into_o this_o ark_n of_o secret_n but_o have_v see_v more_o parliament_n miscarry_v yea_o suffer_v shipwreck_n within_o these_o sixteen_o year_n past_a than_o in_o many_o hundred_o heretofore_o i_o desire_v for_o my_o understanding_n sake_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o beginning_n and_o nature_n of_o parliament_n not_o meddle_v with_o they_o of_o our_o time_n which_o may_v displease_v both_o court_n and_o country_n but_o with_o those_o of_o old_a which_o now_o be_v like_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n matter_n only_o of_o story_n and_o discourse_n because_o none_o shall_v go_v beyond_o i_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o foundation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o parliament_n for_o that_o a_o parliament_n be_v the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v at_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n for_o advice_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n our_o first_o labour_n be_v then_o to_o see_v what_o this_o grand-council_n be_v original_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o king_n be_v universal_a lord_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n and_o that_o no_o man_n possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o but_o derive_v from_o he_o either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o this_o derivation_n thus_o proceed_v the_o king_n in_o the_o beginning_n divide_v his_o whole_a territory_n into_o two_o part_n one_o to_o be_v manure_v by_o his_o own_o tenant_n and_o husbandman_n then_o call_v socman_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n use_v in_o those_o day_n to_o stock_n their_o ground_n themselves_o like_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n and_o by_o the_o profit_n thereof_o especial_o to_o maintain_v their_o hospitality_n their_o court_n and_o estate_n have_v in_o every_o manor_n officer_n and_o servant_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o part_n be_v sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la the_o inseparable_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o law_n the_o ancient_n demaine_n and_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o husbandry_n of_o the_o king_n all_o that_o manure_v or_o hold_v any_o part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o war_n of_o which_o nature_n as_o touch_v their_o tenure_n they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n he_o portion_v out_o to_o military_a man_n which_o though_o the_o other_o be_v the_o more_o profitable_a yet_o this_o be_v always_o hold_v for_o the_o more_o honourable_a and_o therefore_o so_o divide_v this_o among_o his_o noble_n and_o chief_a servant_n and_o follower_n for_o supportation_n in_o his_o war_n and_o royal_a estate_n to_o some_o in_o great_a measure_n to_o other_o in_o less_o according_a to_o their_o merit_n and_o quality_n province_n to_o duke_n county_n to_o earl_n castle_n and_o signiory_n unto_o baron_n render_v unto_o he_o not_o ex_fw-la pacto_fw-la vel_fw-la condicto_fw-la for_o that_o be_v but_o cautela_fw-la superabundans_fw-la but_o of_o common_a right_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o so_o i_o may_v term_v the_o feodal-law_n then_o to_o be_v in_o our_o western_a orb_n all_o feodal_n duty_n and_o service_n due_a from_o the_o donee_n and_o their_o
&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n â—lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o
have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n than_o it_o do_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o and_o enforce_v i_o thereby_o to_o the_o great_a labour_n in_o examine_v it_o and_o discover_v the_o contrary_a wardship_n touch_v the_o name_n wardship_n i_o confess_v it_o carry_v a_o saxon_a sound_n but_o from_o norman_a godfather_n with_o who_o gardiner_n signify_v the_o same_o that_o ward_n do_v with_o we_o and_o they_o bring_v this_o custom_n into_o england_n our_o english_a ancestor_n as_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o word_n change_v the_o norman_a g._n into_o a_o w._n and_o so_o make_v ward_n for_o guard_n and_o thereof_o wardship_n for_o gardship_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v he_o that_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o ward_n after_o the_o norman_a manner_n his_o guardian_n not_o his_o warden_n but_o i_o find_v neither_o ward_n wardship_n nor_o warden_n in_o this_o sense_n in_o any_o saxon_a law_n charter_n or_o manuscript_n or_o any_o thing_n conduce_v to_o such_o signification_n the_o proof_n be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o report_n produce_v one_o single_a case_n text_n or_o precedent_n to_o maintain_v their_o assertion_n but_o like_o pythagoras_n scholar_n rest_v whole_o upon_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la such_o and_o such_o have_v say_v it_o and_o i_o be_o now_o turn_v over_o to_o those_o author_n judgement_n they_o have_v choose_v a_o right_a good_a foreman_n 1_o confess_z mr._n selden_n of_o who_o i_o say_v as_o she_o in_o ovid_n nomine_fw-la in_o hectoreo_fw-la pallida_fw-la semper_fw-la eram_fw-la but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o he_o affirm_v according_a as_o the_o report_n conceive_v he_o where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o 160._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o viz._n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o britt_n 179._o nor_o by_o henry_n iii_o as_o randolph_n hygden_n etc._n etc._n will_v persuade_v vid._n selden_n note_n to_o fortâ—scue_n 51._o the_o report_n say_v vide_fw-la and_o i_o say_v audi_fw-la mr._n selden_n to_o confute_v this_o opinion_n attribute_v to_o rand._n hygden_n use_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n so_o new_a as_o r._n hygden_n in_o his_o polycronicon_fw-la or_o rather_o some_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o ignorant_o make_v it_o by_o suppose_v the_o beginning_n of_o it_o here_o under_o hen._n iii_o clear_o wardship_n be_v before_o or_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o thus_o mr._n selden_n there_o may_v be_v some_o amphiboly_n in_o the_o word_n before_o as_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o shall_v relate_v to_o the_o norman_n or_o to_o hen._n iii_o but_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o speech_n be_v to_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o they_o that_o do_v attribute_v the_o beginning_n of_o wardship_n to_o hen._n iii_o say_v that_o clear_o they_o be_v before_o and_o though_o he_o determine_v not_o how_o long_o before_o yet_o he_o conclude_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o cite_v glanvill_n to_o show_v they_o be_v in_o use_n in_o hen._n ii_n time_n and_o the_o grand_a custumer_n of_o normandy_n to_o fetch_v they_o high_o than_o so_o from_o the_o norman_n who_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o berhault_n that_o write_v the_o commentary_n to_o that_o custumary_n do_v first_o bring_v they_o into_o england_n mr._n selden_n god_n be_v thank_v be_v live_v to_o explain_v himself_o and_o i_o find_v by_o chance_n where_o he_o have_v do_v it_o full_o his_o word_n in_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v thus_o 301._o these_o kind_n of_o military_a fiess_n or_o fee_n as_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o till_o the_o norman_n with_o who_o the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n in_o chivalry_n they_o begin_v not_o under_o hen._n iii_o as_o most_o ignorant_o r._n hygden_n the_o monk_n of_o chester_n and_o polydore_n tell_v you_o come_v into_o england_n and_o speak_v by_o and_o by_o of_o malcolm_n second_o king_n of_o scotland_n who_o die_v about_o twenty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n he_o say_v but_o in_o this_o malcolme_n time_n wardship_n be_v not_o at_o all_o in_o england_n thus_o mr._n selden_n who_o they_o so_o often_o press_v against_o i_o out_o of_o ambiguous_a place_n be_v clear_o with_o i_o opinion_n their_o next_o authority_n to_o prove_v wardship_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n be_v say_v the_o report_n that_o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n for_o this_o they_o cite_v lambard_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n p._n 101._o but_o i_o demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n and_o i_o very_o persuade_v myself_o nul_fw-fr tiel_n record_v nor_o in_o truth_n have_v lambard_n aver_v that_o there_o be_v lambard_n 124._o word_n be_v these_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o port_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o william_n rufus_n hen._n ii_o rich._n i._o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o be_v great_a etc._n etc._n and_o in_o recite_v some_o of_o these_o privilege_n he_o tell_v we_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o themselves_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n and_o their_o heir_n free_v from_o wardship_n of_o body_n notwithstanding_o any_o tenure_n he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o that_o it_o be_v among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o he_o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o succeed_a king_n doubtless_o the_o word_n subsidy_n here_o mention_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v not_o in_o use_n either_o in_o the_o confessor_n or_o conqueror_n time_n nor_o in_o many_o year_n after_o till_o tax_n aid_n and_o tallage_n be_v grudge_v at_o and_o restrain_v i_o be_o therefore_o confident_a that_o this_o come_v in_o among_o the_o increase_a privilege_n afterward_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o mr._n lambard_n be_v not_o persuade_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n of_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o seek_v the_o original_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n no_o further_o than_o the_o conqueror_n why_o then_o do_v we_o father_n this_o upon_o the_o confessor_n especial_o see_v the_o charter_n of_o 1156._o anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n i._n wherein_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o precedent_a king_n seem_v to_o be_v mention_v that_o of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o charta_fw-la the_o three_o assertion_n be_v that_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n 37_o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottil_n edition_n and_o in_o lambard_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n the_o word_n in_o lambard_n be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it toutes_fw-fr hour_n ieske_n en_fw-fr ca._n that_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o conquest_n and_o ever_o since_o till_o now_o which_o word_n now_o relate_v to_o the_o 2d_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o immediate_o before_o mention_v and_o to_o save_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o author_n must_v be_v favourable_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v in_o use_n either_o before_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o in_o the_o disjunctive_a not_o in_o the_o aggregative_a for_o if_o it_o be_v take_v conjunctive_o then_o be_v it_o notorious_o false_a for_o some_o thing_n mention_v in_o it_o have_v their_o original_n under_o hen._n ii_o as_o the_o grand_a assize_n and_o justice_n of_o eyer_n 571._o whereof_o that_o of_o eyer_n be_v not_o institute_v till_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o of_o nottingham_n an._n dom._n 1176._o viz._n in_o the_o 22._o or_o 23._o of_o hen._n ii_o and_o for_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a assize_n it_o be_v express_o say_v in_o the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o hen._n iii_o 584._o many_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o crowner_n the_o manner_n of_o essoyn_v write_v of_o cessavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v never_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o conquest_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o the_o word_n in_o question_n viz._n devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n etc._n etc._n stand_v in_o lambard_n at_o a_o little_a more_o distance_n than_o the_o line_n precedent_n as_o if_o himself_o conceive_v they_o not_o to_o belong_v unto_o the_o
to_o all_o these_o be_v the_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n tie_v by_o his_o oath_n of_o fealty_n swear_v to_o be_v feal_z and_o leal_v as_o the_o oath_n be_v at_o those_o time_n interpret_v 5._o as_o well_o by_o divine_n and_o canonist_n as_o by_o feodists_n and_o lawyer_n and_o as_o these_o be_v inherent_a to_o this_o tenure_n of_o common_a right_n so_o be_v there_o many_o other_o grievous_a exaction_n impose_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o their_o tenant_n some_o by_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n some_o by_o composition_n upon_o grant_v the_o fee_n and_o many_o by_o signioral_a authority_n as_o though_o the_o lord_n beside_o his_o legal_a power_n may_v do_v some_o thing_n like_o the_o king_n by_o prerogative_n by_o custom_n lene_n when_o the_o lord_n or_o lady_n come_v into_o the_o manor_n the_o bailiff_n be_v to_o present_v they_o 18_o oras_fw-la denar_n and_o every_o of_o their_o servant_n 10s._o with_o some_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o gratuity_n ut_fw-la essent_fw-la laeti_fw-la animo_fw-la that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v 32d._o for_o every_o daughter_n they_o marry_v banco_n it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a custom_n that_o lord_n may_v take_v not_o only_o of_o their_o tenant_n but_o of_o all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o victual_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o furnish_v their_o castle_n which_o how_o grievous_a it_o be_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v conceive_v though_o the_o statute_n that_o restrain_v it_o do_v not_o testify_v it_o so_o other_o lord_n take_v provision_n for_o their_o household_n and_o hospitality_n within_o their_o manor_n by_o composition_n bracton_n as_o to_o have_v their_o tenant_n attend_v they_o with_o horse_n and_o man_n in_o their_o journey_n who_o they_o call_v road-knight_n to_o present_v they_o yearly_o at_o time_n horse_n hawk_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n by_o signioral_a authority_n as_o to_o lie_v and_o feast_v themselves_o and_o follower_n call_v cosher_z at_o their_o tenant_n house_n and_o when_o any_o matter_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n fall_v upon_o they_o then_o to_o extort_v the_o same_o among_o their_o tenant_n which_o the_o irish_a about_o forty_o year_n since_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n still_o continue_v call_v it_o cut_n according_a to_o our_o old_a word_n tallagium_fw-la but_o among_o we_o it_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o innumerable_a carriage_n angary_n and_o vexation_n with_o which_o they_o otherwise_o harrow_v if_o not_o plague_v their_o tenant_n yet_o must_v i_o not_o let_v that_o pass_n which_o every_o where_o be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o lord_n of_o castle_n to_o imprison_v man_n at_o pleasure_n to_o hold_v and_o keep_v distress_n there_o against_o common_a justice_n and_o to_o do_v many_o outrage_n all_o about_o they_o wherein_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n imitate_v they_o will_v also_o imprison_v their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n which_o custom_n i_o see_v also_o yet_o not_o lay_v down_o in_o ireland_n forty_o year_n since_o for_o a_o meane-lord_n will_v ordinary_o say_v upon_o offence_n take_v against_o a_o churl_n etc._n etc._n take_v he_o and_o put_v he_o in_o bolt_n but_o let_v matthew_n paris_n who_o live_v long_o after_o many_o of_o these_o oppression_n be_v abolish_v tell_v you_o the_o fashion_n of_o those_o time_n not_o every_o lord_n have_v this_o authority_n over_o his_o tenant_n the_o superior_a as_o comprehend_v they_o all_o and_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v tie_v to_o the_o king_n to_o see_v all_o under_o his_o tenure_n to_o be_v of_o good_a government_n good_a behaviour_n and_o forthcoming_a whensoever_o they_o shall_v be_v demand_v to_o answer_v any_o misdemeanour_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o it_o be_v say_v archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la habuerint_fw-la sacam_fw-la &_o socam_fw-la etc._n etc._n milites_fw-la &_o proprios_fw-la servientes_fw-la sc_fw-la dapiferos_fw-la pincernas_fw-la etc._n etc._n sub_fw-la svo_fw-la friburgo_fw-la habeant_fw-la that_o be_v sub_fw-la sua_fw-la fidejussione_a de_fw-la se_fw-la bene_fw-la gerendo_fw-la by_o reason_n whereof_o whatsoever_o those_o their_o lord_n agree_v or_o disagree_v unto_o in_o matter_n of_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n it_o do_v bind_v every_o of_o they_o their_o inferior_n unto_o who_o they_o themselves_o may_v then_o also_o appoint_v law_n and_o ordinance_n in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o tacitus_n affirm_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o german_n our_o ancestor_n agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la where_o under_o the_o word_n agricolis_fw-la he_o intend_v all_o they_o who_o we_o call_v tenant_n hence_o than_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o make_v law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o consult_v with_o but_o only_o the_o baron_n and_o those_o which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o then_o be_v call_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o common_a people_n be_v as_o i_o say_v by_o way_n of_o tenure_n under_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o do_v then_o by_o he_o that_o be_v their_o chief_a lord_n as_o by_o their_o tribune_n or_o procurator_n and_o as_o now_o by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n consent_n or_o dissent_v in_o law-making_a and_o be_v not_o therefore_o name_v in_o the_o title_n of_o any_o ancient_a law_n look_v doomsday-book_n and_o there_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n divide_v only_o among_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a person_n and_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distribute_v and_o place_v under_o some_o of_o they_o though_o not_o by_o name_n yet_o by_o number_n in_o their_o several_a quality_n let_v we_o then_o see_v how_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o ancient_a age_n agree_v with_o this_o theorem_a king_n ina_n praef._n make_v his_o law_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o kenred_n his_o father_n and_o as_o he_o say_v himself_o heddis_n &_o erkenwaldi_n episcoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la aldermannorum_fw-la i._n e._n procerum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o seniorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o multa_fw-la aggregatione_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la which_o be_v of_o churchman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o alured_v brief_o praef._n consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la meorum_fw-la edward_n the_o elder_a propose_v his_o 7._o law_n not_o as_o senatus-consultum_fw-la but_o as_o edictum_fw-la principis_fw-la viz._n ego_fw-la edovardus_fw-la rex_fw-la iis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la qui_fw-la reipub._n praesunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la atque_fw-la etiam_fw-la mando_fw-la ut_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o by_o the_o absolute_a word_n praecipio_fw-la statuimus_fw-la volo_fw-la yet_o those_o wherein_o he_o and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n join_v be_v call_v foed_n senatus-consulta_a ethelstane_n make_v his_o epilogue_n exit_fw-la prudenti_fw-la vlfhelmae_n archiepiscopi_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la necnon_a omnium_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o sapientum_fw-la mandato_fw-la svo_fw-la congregatorum_fw-la edmund_n in_o a_o great_a assembly_n praef._n tam_fw-la ecclesiasticorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la cui_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la oda_n &_o wulstanus_n archiep._n plurimique_fw-la alii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la edgar_z praef._n in_o frequenti_fw-la sapientum_fw-la senatu_fw-la ethelred_n praef._n in_o sapientum_fw-la concilio_n canuius_fw-la say_v politic_a sapientum_fw-la adhibito_fw-la consilio_fw-la per_fw-la omnem_fw-la angliam_fw-la observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la as_o for_o edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o law_n come_v not_o to_o we_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v by_o himself_o but_o as_o the_o paragraph_n of_o they_o be_v collect_v by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o augment_v afterward_o in_o which_o collection_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o institution_n but_o recite_v of_o a_o passage_n of_o st._n austin_n touch_v tithe_n it_o be_v speak_v as_o of_o former_a time_n that_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la meaning_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o tithe_n there_o mention_v but_o whether_o these_o word_n extend_v to_o a_o concession_n of_o they_o by_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o or_o by_o a_o voluntary_a contribution_n of_o they_o yield_v unto_o by_o the_o king_n the_o baron_n and_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o determine_v to_o come_v to_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n wherein_o novus_n seclorum_fw-la nascitur_fw-la ordo_fw-la and_o from_o whence_o as_o from_o a_o new_a period_n we_o must_v now_o take_v all_o our_o projection_n the_o great_a establishment_n of_o his_o own_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n be_v say_v in_o the_o title_n to_o be_v that_o which_o gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la constituit_fw-la post_fw-la conquisitionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la other_o author_n instead_o of_o principibus_fw-la have_v barones_n and_o though_o all_o his_o law_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ordain_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o his_o own_o name_n only_o yet_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o