then_o elective_a monarchy_n be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n if_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a right_n for_o the_o next_o heir_n to_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o next_o heir_n of_o all_o king_n have_v the_o same_o right_n for_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n be_v equal_a and_o universal_a and_o than_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o natural_a right_n for_o any_o subject_n to_o own_o or_o elect_v any_o king_n but_o the_o natural_a heir_n there_o must_v be_v in_o all_o kingdom_n the_o same_o law_n of_o succession_n which_o now_o very_o much_o vary_v there_o must_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o hereditary_a patrimonial_a and_o elective_a kingdom_n for_o the_o next_o lineal_a heir_n by_o a_o natural_a right_n must_v always_o be_v king_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o first_o ring_n of_o every_o family_n can_v have_v no_o natural_a right_n without_o recur_v to_o a_o invisible_a patriarchal_a authority_n and_o if_o he_o have_v none_o how_o can_v be_v transmit_v that_o right_n to_o his_o posterity_n which_o he_o have_v not_o himself_o but_o i_o shall_v urge_v this_o no_o far_o since_o the_o wise_a man_n even_o among_o the_o assertor_n of_o k._n j_n authority_n pretend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o a_o legal_a right_n let_v we_o then_o in_o the_o next_o place_n consider_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o legal_n right_n especial_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o right_n of_o prince_n to_o their_o throne_n the_o whole_a dispute_n about_o legal_a right_n and_o the_o right_n of_o prince_n to_o their_o throne_n be_v no_o other_o than_o legal_a right_n must_v be_v resolve_v into_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o nature_n extent_n and_o obligation_n of_o national_a law_n for_o pure_a legal_a right_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v subject_a to_o all_o the_o change_n restriction_n limitation_n diminution_n that_o law_n be_v and_o here_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o method_n but_o it_o will_v be_v most_o proper_a to_o begin_v with_o what_o immediate_o concern_v the_o late_a king_n be_v right_a i_o observe_v then_o 1._o that_o the_o law_n be_v satisfy_v when_o that_o be_v do_v which_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v do_v and_o subject_n be_v no_o long_o bind_v in_o conscience_n by_o that_o law_n when_o they_o have_v answer_v its_o demand_n thus_o the_o law_n of_o succession_n be_v satisfy_v when_o the_o next_o lineal_a heir_n be_v place_v on_o the_o throne_n and_o when_o subject_n have_v do_v this_o they_o can_v never_o more_o be_v charge_v with_o deny_v he_o his_o right_n of_o inheritance_n when_o they_o have_v actual_o give_v it_o he_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o k._n j._n though_o his_o protestant_a subject_n have_v too_o just_a apprehension_n of_o a_o popish_a prince_n yet_o they_o set_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n with_o all_o the_o usual_a solemnity_n and_o own_a and_o recognise_v he_o for_o their_o king_n with_o all_o the_o formality_n of_o law_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n never_o deny_v nor_o do_v they_o to_o this_o day_n james_n the_o second_v hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n they_o own_a and_o give_v he_o his_o right_n and_o he_o have_v it_o if_o he_o will_v have_v keep_v it_o and_o this_o answer_v the_o law_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o full_a but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v leave_v his_o throne_n and_o make_v it_o vacant_a the_o law_n of_o succession_n do_v not_o oblige_v subject_n to_o give_v he_o his_o throne_n again_o but_o to_o fill_v the_o vacant_a throne_n with_o the_o next_o heir_n the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o charles_n the_o second_o be_v very_o different_a they_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o lineal_a succession_n and_o be_v unjust_o keep_v from_o their_o right_n and_o therefore_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v they_o right_o by_o place_v they_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o and_o never_o be_v whether_o k._n j._n be_v the_o rightful_a heir_n but_o whether_o he_o still_o be_v the_o legal_a and_o rightful_a king_n to_o who_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a and_o his_o be_v once_o the_o right_a heir_n do_v not_o prive_v that_o he_o be_v now_o the_o legal_a and_o rightful_a king_n or_o that_o he_o have_v any_o right_a to_o be_v so_o again_o if_o he_o have_v not_o right_o but_o only_o by_o law_n i_o never_o can_v find_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o law_n which_o give_v he_o any_o right_a to_o resume_v what_o he_o think_v fit_a once_o to_o quit_v and_o renounce_v and_o consequent_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n deny_v he_o no_o right_n in_o deny_v to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o abdicated_a throne_n and_o then_o the_o dispute_v of_o right_n and_o justice_n be_v out_o of_o door_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n as_o far_o as_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n be_v concern_v 2_o all_o legal_a right_n be_v subject_a to_o some_o legal_a judgement_n or_o definitive_a declaration_n and_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o it_o and_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o resolution_n of_o conscience_n as_o to_o such_o adjudge_v case_n for_o we_o have_v no_o other_o rule_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o a_o legal_a judgement_n or_o sentence_n and_o our_o obedience_n to_o government_n require_v we_o to_o acquiesce_v in_o such_o a_o judgement_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o a_o legal_a and_o competent_a authority_n so_o that_o to_o govern_v and_o to_o judge_n must_v belong_v to_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o far_o as_o i_o be_o bind_v to_o obey_v any_o man_n i_o must_v follow_v his_o judgement_n and_o not_o my_o own_o especial_o when_o this_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v by_o the_o last_o judicature_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n let_v we_o then_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o present_a case_n the_o late_a king_n withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o authority_n and_o leave_v we_o without_o any_o provision_n for_o or_o face_n of_o government_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n assemble_v upon_o this_o great_a occasion_n adjudge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o abdication_n and_o desertion_n of_o the_o government_n and_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o their_o present_a majesty_n and_o the_o question_n now_o be_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o such_o a_o legal_a and_o decisive_n judgement_n as_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o if_o the_o dispute_n about_o legal_a right_n must_v be_v decide_v by_o law_n not_o by_o the_o sword_n which_o be_v not_o the_o decision_n of_o civil_a authority_n but_o of_o force_n the_o sentence_n of_o competent_a judge_n must_v end_v the_o dispute_n and_o if_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a and_o legal_a judge_n of_o such_o dispute_n as_o concern_v the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n there_o can_v be_v none_o and_o if_o they_o be_v subject_n must_v acquiesce_v in_o their_o judgement_n or_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v none_o for_o if_o man_n may_v pretend_v conscience_n and_o adhere_v to_o their_o own_o private_a opinion_n in_o contradiction_n to_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o the_o last_o and_o sole_a judge_n the_o dispute_n must_v end_v in_o blow_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n which_o be_v institute_v to_o prevent_v war_n and_o to_o end_v all_o controversy_n by_o a_o legal_a judgement_n without_o the_o sword_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v great_a injustice_n do_v by_o corrupt_a or_o ignorant_a judge_n and_o the_o law_n have_v make_v the_o best_a provision_n it_o can_v against_o this_o by_o allow_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a to_o superior_a court_n but_o if_o the_o high_a authority_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n happen_v to_o judge_v wrong_a there_o be_v no_o remedy_n but_o to_o bear_v it_o patient_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v indeed_o to_o think_v that_o right_n which_o we_o know_v to_o be_v wrong_n but_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o it_o to_o all_o the_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o law_n as_o much_o as_o if_o we_o do_v believe_v it_o right_n and_o as_o hard_o as_o this_o may_v sometime_o prove_v there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n for_o this_o that_o there_o be_v for_o law_n and_o civil_a authority_n all_o legal_a right_n be_v hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o legal_a judgement_n and_o determination_n and_o though_o some_o man_n may_v suffer_v by_o a_o wrong_a judgement_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o oblige_v they_o to_o acquiesce_v under_o it_o than_o by_o leave_v they_o a_o right_a to_o dispute_v it_o to_o endanger_v the_o bring_v the_o whole_a into_o a_o state_n of_o anarchy_n and_o war._n civil_a authority_n will_v compel_v private_a man_n to_o submit_v to_o its_o decision_n
whether_o they_o think_v they_o right_a or_o wrong_n and_o in_o all_o case_n where_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o submit_v to_o authority_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o public_a judgement_n so_o that_o whatever_o right_o some_o man_n may_v think_v k._n j._n have_v it_o be_v not_o a_o right_n in_o law_n because_o by_o law_n it_o be_v determine_v against_o he_o or_o whatever_o right_o in_o law_n he_o may_v still_o be_v think_v to_o have_v it_o be_v not_o such_o a_o right_a as_o can_v affect_v the_o conscience_n of_o subject_n for_o the_o last_o definitive_a sentence_n be_v the_o conclude_a judgement_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o action_n as_o far_o as_o law_n be_v our_o rule_n whether_o this_o judgement_n be_v think_v right_a or_o wrong_n by_o private_a man_n the_o late_a k._n have_v no_o remedy_n by_o law_n for_o the_o sword_n be_v not_o law_n and_o though_o subject_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o defend_v their_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o unjust_a force_n and_o violence_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v he_o against_o law_n for_o i_o desire_v any_o man_n to_o tell_v i_o by_o what_o law_n subject_n be_v bind_v to_o oppose_v force_n in_o any_o case_n against_o the_o last_o and_o final_a determination_n of_o law_n for_o force_v oppose_v to_o law_n as_o far_o as_o it_o reach_v be_v a_o dissolution_n of_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o any_o civil_a constitution_n shall_v allow_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o sword_n against_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o the_o last_o authority_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o last_o appeal_n this_o be_v all_o the_o law_n can_v do_v and_o those_o who_o will_v be_v govern_v by_o law_n must_v acquiesce_v in_o it_o and_o those_o who_o will_v go_v far_o must_v not_o pretend_v to_o law_n and_o legal_a right_n nor_o be_v this_o to_o set_v up_o a_o authority_n superior_a to_o king_n which_o when_o the_o king_n be_v on_o the_o throne_n in_o actual_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o sovereign_a authority_n but_o it_o only_o make_v the_o estate_n the_o sole_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n when_o there_o be_v no_o monarch_n actual_o in_o the_o throne_n thus_o they_o always_o have_v be_v in_o england_n and_o thus_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v be_v if_o such_o matter_n as_o these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o declaration_n and_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o legal_a authority_n and_o this_o can_v never_o prove_v dangerous_a to_o king_n while_o they_o keep_v their_o throne_n 3_o a_o legal_a investiture_n and_o possession_n be_v a_o good_a right_n in_o law_n against_o all_o other_o title_n and_o claim_n till_o it_o be_v condemn_v and_o reverse_v this_o be_v so_o notorious_o know_v that_o it_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v the_o most_o unjust_a possessor_n must_v not_o be_v dispossess_v by_o force_n under_o a_o civil_a government_n till_o the_o wrong_n do_v some_o way_n appear_v before_o a_o proper_a court_n or_o the_o law_n have_v give_v judgement_n against_o he_o much_o less_o when_o a_o man_n have_v get_v possession_n by_o a_o legal_a sentence_n though_o upon_o false_a suggestion_n and_o by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n of_o the_o court_n such_o a_o legal_a possession_n give_v as_o great_a authority_n to_o all_o his_o act_n till_o the_o sentence_n be_v reverse_v as_o it_o will_v do_v to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o most_o rightful_a possessor_n tenant_n though_o they_o be_v satisfy_v he_o have_v no_o right_a must_v pay_v their_o rent_n to_o he_o and_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n because_o the_o law_n have_v give_v it_o he_o which_o be_v their_o rule_n and_o be_v oblige_v and_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v all_o duty_n and_o service_n as_o to_o the_o most_o rightful_a landlord_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o civil_a authority_n the_o legal_a return_n of_o a_o member_n for_o parliament_n whatever_o dispute_v there_o may_v be_v about_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o election_n give_v the_o person_n so_o return_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o and_o his_o vote_n be_v as_o good_a as_o any_o member_n there_o till_o his_o election_n be_v pronounce_v void_a thus_o whatever_o dispute_n there_o may_v be_v about_o a_o mayor_n a_o alderman_n a_o sheriff_n a_o chamberlain_z of_o any_o city_n or_o corporation_n as_o we_o know_v it_o late_o happen_v in_o london_n he_o who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o customary_a solemnity_n in_o the_o office_n be_v for_o the_o time_n the_o legal_a mayor_n or_o alderman_n and_o all_o his_o act_n be_v valid_a and_o legal_a till_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o and_o all_o citizen_n even_o those_o who_o think_v he_o not_o right_o elect_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v he_o all_o that_o duty_n which_o belong_v to_o his_o place_n and_o office_n and_o there_o be_v great_a and_o necessary_a reason_n for_o this_o to_o prevent_v the_o interruption_n of_o government_n which_o be_v a_o greatermischief_n to_o any_o society_n than_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o one_o who_o have_v not_o a_o rightful_a claim_n to_o government_n and_o this_o reason_n hold_v much_o strong_a as_o to_o the_o supreme_a and_o regal_a power_n for_o if_o a_o king_n who_o be_v legal_o invest_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n who_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o all_o the_o accustom_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o law_n must_v not_o be_v own_v and_o obey_v as_o the_o legal_a king_n when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o visible_a authority_n the_o government_n be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o far_o as_o such_o man_n can_v put_v a_o end_n to_o it_o especial_o when_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o that_o authority_n which_o place_v he_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o only_o to_o the_o sword_n such_o a_o legal_a investiture_n by_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v a_o legal_a determination_n of_o his_o right_n that_o whatever_o other_o claim_n and_o title_n there_o may_v be_v they_o judge_v his_o the_o best_a which_o must_v be_v final_a to_o subject_n who_o will_v be_v govern_v by_o law_n and_o those_o who_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o it_o must_v talk_v no_o more_o of_o law_n for_o the_o law_n be_v against_o they_o even_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o all_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o last_o and_o high_a authority_n from_o whence_o lie_v no_o appeal_n he_o than_o be_v the_o legal_a king_n who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o throne_n by_o a_o legal_a authority_n and_o all_o legal_a obedience_n and_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o law_n of_o england_n know_v no_o other_o legal_a king_n but_o he_o my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cook_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n agree_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o treason_n 25_o edw._n 3._o relate_v only_o to_o a_o king_n thus_o legal_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n and_o indeed_o it_o can_v be_v think_v it_o shall_v mean_v any_o other_o since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o notion_n of_o a_o king_n when_o that_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o and_o legal_o possess_v of_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o distinction_n between_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v not_o hear_v of_o till_o edw._n 4._o though_o there_o have_v be_v many_o king_n before_o that_o time_n who_o ascend_v the_o throne_n without_o the_o title_n of_o a_o lineal_a succession_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n too_o soon_o to_o broach_v such_o a_o distinction_n then_o unless_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o allow_v private_a subject_n to_o judge_v of_o prince_n title_n against_o the_o public_a and_o national_a judgement_n and_o against_o the_o authority_n of_o national_a act_n whereas_o legal_a title_n in_o all_o other_o case_n be_v not_o regard_v in_o law_n till_o they_o be_v legal_o declare_v and_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o when_o the_o title_n be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n as_o a_o challenge_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o this_o time_n all_o king_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n with_o the_o general_a submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v esteem_v equal_o legal_a and_o rightful_a king_n as_o to_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o law_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o all_o our_o history_n that_o no_o king_n who_o be_v ever_o crown_v by_o the_o people_n be_v ever_o whole_o desert_v or_o depose_v for_o want_n of_o title_n the_o dispute_n of_o william_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o one_a with_o their_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v accommodate_v between_o they_o by_o some_o great_a man_n so_o be_v the_o dispute_n between_o king_n stephen_n
and_o henry_n the_o second_o which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n nay_o so_o be_v the_o dispute_n between_o h._n 6._o and_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n who_o challenge_v the_o crown_n in_o parliament_n but_o how_o clear_a soever_o the_o duke_n title_n be_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v divest_v of_o his_o royal_a dignity_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v keep_v it_o for_o his_o life_n and_o after_o this_o distinction_n be_v start_v they_o find_v it_o of_o such_o mischievous_a consequence_n to_o the_o subject_a whenever_o the_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v dispute_v by_o the_o sword_n that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 7._o there_o be_v express_v provision_n make_v against_o it_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v that_o be_v to_o the_o king_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o public_a judgement_n and_o act_n 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this_o controversy_n he_o dispute_v so_o warm_o that_o god_n himself_o can_v make_v it_o lawful_a for_o we_o to_o oppose_v right_o no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v make_v right_o to_o be_v wrong_n which_o be_v true_a with_o respect_n to_o pure_a natural_a or_o moral_a right_n but_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o mere_a legal_a right_n which_o be_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n of_o law_n esteem_v of_o no_o value_n against_o a_o possession_n till_o they_o be_v judicial_o declare_v and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o proper_a business_n of_o any_o private_a subject_n to_o judge_v concern_v they_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v this_o author_n look_v upon_o the_o right_n of_o king_n not_o to_o be_v mere_a legal_a right_n which_o be_v right_n no_o long_o and_o in_o no_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v they_o to_o be_v right_n but_o such_o natural_a unchangeable_a right_n as_o parent_n have_v to_o the_o government_n of_o their_o child_n nay_o as_o god_n himself_o have_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o 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to_o their_o crown_n superior_a to_o law_n and_o which_o oblige_v subject_n against_o a_o legal_a judgement_n and_o a_o legal_a possession_n if_o these_o principle_n fail_v he_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o whether_o these_o be_v true_a or_o false_a i_o appeal_v to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v 4thly_a as_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n and_o justification_n of_o this_o i_o observe_v that_o a_o legal_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o a_o legal_a authority_n to_o administer_v the_o government_n may_v be_v separate_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o title_n may_v not_o have_v the_o legal_a authority_n nor_o be_v the_o legal_a king_n and_o he_o may_v be_v the_o legal_a king_n and_o have_v the_o legal_a authority_n who_o have_v not_o a_o antecedent_n title_n this_o be_v pass_v all_o controversy_n if_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v true_a that_o a_o legal_a investiture_n and_o possession_n be_v a_o good_a right_n in_o law_n against_o all_o 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the_o one_o be_v a_o right_n of_o a_o legal_a claim_n the_o other_o of_o a_o legal_a possession_n and_o that_o this_o may_v and_o must_v be_v in_o all_o civil_a government_n and_o mere_a legal_a right_n appear_v from_o the_o different_a law_n and_o custom_n on_o which_o such_o different_a right_n be_v found_v this_o i_o have_v hint_v at_o before_o but_o must_v now_o explain_v it_o more_o particular_o in_o all_o civil_a society_n there_o must_v be_v particular_a law_n to_o determine_v man_n personal_a and_o particular_a right_n and_o whatever_o be_v due_a to_o any_o man_n by_o such_o law_n be_v his_o legal_a right_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v these_o law_n can_v determine_v no_o controversy_n without_o a_o live_a judge_n for_o if_o every_o man_n be_v to_o judge_v for_o himself_o every_o man_n will_v make_v the_o law_n to_o be_v on_o his_o side_n and_o then_o we_o have_v as_o good_a have_v no_o law_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o all_o society_n which_o be_v 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crown_n but_o be_v who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o regal_a and_o sovereign_a authority_n but_o if_o we_o inquire_v how_o he_o come_v to_o ascend_v the_o throne_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o hereditary_a or_o elective_a king_n a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o a_o usurper_n these_o question_n must_v be_v answer_v by_o the_o claim_n or_o title_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v that_o he_o be_v the_o right_n lineal_a heir_n of_o the_o last_o king_n or_o that_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n or_o that_o there_o be_v some_o dispute_n about_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o he_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o that_o he_o win_v it_o by_o his_o sword_n and_o either_o keep_v it_o still_o by_o power_n or_o now_o wear_v it_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n a_o antecedent_n right_o can_v belong_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o king_n for_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o king_n but_o hereditary_a or_o testamentary_a monarch_n and_o as_o for_o 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free_a decision_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v the_o authority_n as_o well_o as_o the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v a_o true_a king_n whether_o any_o private_a subject_n think_v he_o have_v any_o antecedent_n right_o or_o not_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o groundless_a pretence_n that_o in_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n he_o be_v no_o king_n how_o solemn_o soever_o invest_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o do_v not_o ascend_v the_o throne_n by_o a_o lineal_a succession_n for_o he_o be_v a_o king_n who_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n and_o he_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o regal_a authority_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o human_a way_n of_o convey_v the_o regal_a authority_n and_o then_o the_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v so_o far_o from_o forbid_v that_o it_o 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conscience_n for_o that_o will_v overthrow_v all_o civil_a authority_n but_o the_o public_a judgement_n and_o therefore_o he_o must_v be_v own_v and_o obey_v as_o king_n who_o the_o high_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n place_n on_o the_o throne_n whatever_o our_o private_a opinion_n may_v be_v about_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n whoever_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o this_o can_v not_o in_o conscience_n have_v pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o almost_o half_a the_o king_n that_o have_v be_v in_o england_n since_o william_n the_o conqueror_n w._n rufus_n and_o h._n 1._o be_v not_o lineal_a heir_n for_o their_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v still_o live_v king_n stephen_n and_o king_n john_n be_v king_n without_o a_o hereditary_a title_n edward_n the_o 3d._n be_v crown_v upon_o the_o deposition_n and_o force_a resignation_n of_o his_o father_n the_o three_o henry_n 4_o 5_o 6._o be_v of_o the_o lancaster_n line_n which_o be_v the_o young_a house_n and_o exclude_v the_o rightful_a heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o york_n and_z h._n 7._o have_v not_o personal_a right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o yet_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n before_o he_o marry_v the_o heiress_n of_o york_n and_o take_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n to_o himself_o though_o the_o authority_n be_v she_o and_o keep_v the_o crown_n after_o her_o death_n though_o the_o right_o be_v in_o his_o son_n which_o be_v as_o manifest_a violation_n of_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n as_o the_o three_o henry_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o so_o that_o there_o have_v be_v eight_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n out_o of_o the_o line_n of_o succession_n and_o general_o know_v to_o be_v so_o beside_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o can_v pretend_v no_o lineal_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o these_o king_n reign_v put_v together_o amount_v unto_o near_o two_o hundred_o year_n and_o what_o shall_v the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v do_v all_o this_o while_n if_o the_o lineal_a succession_n have_v be_v so_o sacred_a that_o they_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o own_v no_o king_n but_o the_o lineal_a heir_n how_o shall_v the_o norman_a line_n ever_o have_v begin_v who_o be_v not_o the_o lineal_a heir_n and_o how_o come_v the_o lineal_a succession_n in_o the_o norman_a line_n to_o be_v so_o sacred_a which_o itself_o begin_v without_o it_o and_o have_v no_o lineal_a succession_n for_o the_o first_o four_o reign_n but_o i_o must_v not_o dismiss_v this_o argument_n without_o examine_v a_o late_a author_n ground_n the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n settle_v on_o its_o true_a ground_n who_o dispute_v very_o vehement_o that_o authority_n must_v go_v by_o rightful_a title_n he_o say_v a_o great_a deal_n about_o it_o but_o a_o short_a answer_n will_v serve_v when_o once_o the_o case_n be_v plain_o state_v he_o define_v civil_a authority_n to_o be_v a_o right_n or_o liberty_n in_o one_o to_o order_n or_o do_v a_o thing_n in_o civil_a matter_n lay_v a_o obligation_n on_o other_o to_o follow_v or_o submit_v to_o he_o though_o this_o be_v a_o lame_a and_o equivocal_a definition_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v with_o he_o about_o it_o if_o he_o will_v add_v the_o word_n legal_a that_o civil_a authority_n be_v a_o legal_a right_n or_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n i_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o authority_n be_v very_o different_a from_o external_a force_n and_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o grant_v to_o he_o for_o he_o ruin_v his_o own_o cause_n by_o it_o that_o god_n make_v no_o king_n but_o those_o who_o be_v make_v king_n by_o some_o human_a act_n and_o have_v a_o human_a and_o legal_a right_n to_o kingship_n but_o now_o how_o do_v he_o prove_v from_o hence_o that_o in_o england_n suppose_v none_o can_v have_v a_o legal_a right_o to_o govern_v but_o those_o who_o have_v this_o rightful_a title_n of_o a_o lineal_a succession_n for_o if_o the_o title_n be_v not_o the_o authority_n but_o a_o legal_a investiture_n give_v a_o legal_a authority_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o legal_a title_n and_o a_o legal_a authority_n may_v be_v separate_v and_o the_o authority_n continue_v legal_a still_o legal_a authority_n must_v be_v convey_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o by_o such_o form_n as_o the_o law_n have_v prescribe_v or_o appoint_v to_o that_o purpose_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n of_o convey_v it_o and_o then_o that_o authority_n which_o be_v give_v in_o form_n of_o law_n and_o that_o only_a be_v a_o legal_a authority_n if_o then_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o such_o dispute_n adjudge_v and_o give_v the_o crown_n to_o one_o who_o we_o suppose_v not_o to_o have_v a_o antecedent_n legal_a title_n to_o it_o yet_o he_o become_v legal_o possess_v not_o only_o of_o the_o external_a force_n and_o power_n but_o of_o the_o legal_a authority_n of_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o may_v challenge_v as_o his_o due_n all_o legal_a obedience_n which_o must_v be_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n for_o nothing_o more_o than_o legal_a obedience_n can_v be_v due_a to_o a_o mere_a legal_a authority_n because_o he_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o legal_a authority_n the_o regal_a state_n be_v his_o legal_a property_n against_o all_o other_o claim_v and_o his_o subject_n must_v defend_v he_o in_o it_o as_o the_o legal_a property_n of_o private_a person_n be_v determine_v by_o judgement_n of_o inferior_a court_n of_o law_n and_o if_o god_n make_v king_n by_o human_a act_n i_o hope_v it_o be_v no_o injustice_n in_o god_n to_o make_v he_o a_o king_n who_o the_o law_n make_v a_o king_n and_o to_o enjoin_v our_o obedience_n to_o a_o legal_a king_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o he_o can_v make_v of_o the_o five_o commandment_n the_o legal_a king_n be_v our_o politic_a father_n and_o therefore_o entitle_v to_o that_o honour_n which_o be_v there_o command_v if_o that_o concern_v prince_n which_o i_o need_v not_o now_o dispute_v legal_a authority_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o legal_a title_n while_o there_o be_v no_o legal_a judgement_n against_o it_o which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o queen_n mary_n and_o c._n 1._o and_o 2._o but_o when_o one_o be_v solemn_o declare_v king_n and_o place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o be_v the_o legal_a king_n and_o have_v the_o legal_a authority_n as_o the_o royal_a estate_n and_o dignity_n be_v own_v to_o be_v in_o h._n 6._o when_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n dispute_v the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o thus_o it_o must_v be_v in_o all_o legal_a right_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o this_o strike_v at_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o this_o author_n argument_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v follow_v he_o no_o far_o 5thly_a there_o be_v another_o difference_n between_o legal_a and_o natural_a right_n not_o
only_o that_o legal_a title_n and_o legal_a authority_n may_v be_v part_v from_o each_o other_o but_o that_o legal_a title_n and_o legal_a authority_n may_v be_v rightful_o separate_v from_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v once_o due_a which_o natural_a right_n can_v never_o be_v a_o king_n may_v cease_v to_o be_v a_o king_n though_o a_o father_n can_v never_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o father_n for_o law_n have_v not_o the_o same_o force_n and_o power_n that_o nature_n have_v all_o man_n confess_v this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n which_o dive_v such_o a_o prince_n of_o all_o right_a and_o authority_n to_o govern_v and_o if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v any_o way_n his_o right_a and_o authority_n be_v not_o inseparable_a from_o his_o person_n our_o adversary_n indeed_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o a_o king_n can_v lose_v his_o right_n unless_o he_o voluntary_o part_n with_o it_o himself_o and_o therefore_o that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v king_n while_o a_o former_a king_n be_v live_v and_o that_o god_n himself_o can_v advance_v a_o king_n to_o the_o throne_n while_o any_o one_o be_v live_v who_o ever_o have_v a_o right_n to_o that_o throne_n and_o never_o resign_v his_o right_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o justice_n to_o give_v away_o the_o throne_n from_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v the_o right_a to_o it_o as_o if_o god_n have_v not_o a_o original_a right_n to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n but_o be_v confine_v to_o human_a right_n and_o claim_n in_o make_v or_o unmake_v king_n but_o if_o a_o king_n can_v part_v with_o his_o kingship_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v lose_v it_o too_o for_o there_o be_v usual_o more_o way_n than_o one_o of_o part_v with_o that_o which_o may_v be_v part_v with_o and_o beside_o what_o be_v grant_v viz._n a_o voluntary_a resignation_n i_o shall_v consider_v two_o other_o conquest_n and_o abdication_n 1._o conquest_n which_o i_o do_v not_o mention_v as_o if_o i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v our_o case_n that_o we_o be_v a_o conquer_a people_n and_o that_o king_n william_n ascend_v the_o throne_n by_o conquest_n for_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o conquest_n of_o king_n james_n who_o be_v either_o force_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o leave_v they_o voluntary_o if_o the_o first_o he_o be_v conquer_a if_o the_o second_o he_o abdicate_v in_o the_o most_o proper_a sense_n and_o i_o know_v no_o medium_n between_o they_o yet_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o conquer_a nor_o do_v the_o king_n ever_o pretend_v any_o such_o right_n to_o the_o throne_n but_o let_v this_o be_v as_o it_o will_v all_o i_o intend_v at_o present_a be_v to_o convince_v these_o man_n that_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v lose_v by_o conquest_n which_o may_v extinguish_v old_a right_n and_o begin_v a_o new_a one_o and_o deliver_v subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n to_o a_o conquer_a prince_n that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la king_n do_v lose_v their_o crown_n by_o conquest_n that_o many_o great_a revolution_n of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n be_v owe_v to_o this_o cause_n and_o that_o no_o nation_n ever_o make_v a_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n about_o submit_v to_o a_o conqueror_n be_v plain_a beyond_o denial_n but_o the_o question_n be_v quo_fw-la jure_fw-la how_o a_o conqueror_n can_v gain_v a_o right_n to_o a_o throne_n which_o another_o prince_n have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o and_o how_o subject_n though_o conquer_a can_v transfer_v their_o allegiance_n from_o the_o rightful_a prince_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v no_o other_o right_n but_o his_o sword_n and_o i_o shall_v distinct_o consider_v this_o with_o respect_n to_o prince_n and_o with_o respect_n to_o subject_n now_o the_o general_a answer_n to_o both_o be_v this_o that_o legal_a right_n can_v reach_v no_o far_o than_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o oblige_v any_o person_n who_o they_o do_v not_o oblige_v nor_o oblige_v any_o long_a than_o the_o law_n oblige_v these_o be_v self-evident_a proposition_n and_o need_v no_o proof_n for_o right_n which_o be_v found_v only_o on_o law_n can_v reach_v no_o far_o nor_o last_v any_o long_a than_o the_o law_n do_v 1._o in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o with_o reference_n to_o prince_n no_o legal_a right_o that_o any_o prince_n have_v to_o his_o throne_n can_v debar_v another_o foreign_a independent_a prince_n in_o case_n of_o a_o just_a quarrel_n to_o subdue_v and_o conquer_v and_o take_v his_o crown_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o give_v a_o prince_n his_o crown_n do_v not_o oblige_v foreign_a prince_n but_o only_a subject_n the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n be_v law_n only_o to_o themselves_o but_o there_o be_v no_o law_n between_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o the_o law_n of_o natural_a justice_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o right_n of_o prince_n with_o respect_n to_o each_o other_o be_v only_a possession_n which_o be_v the_o only_a right_a man_n can_v have_v to_o any_o thing_n in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o form_n of_o civil_a society_n and_o with_o they_o legal_a property_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n may_v just_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o his_o possession_n a_o prince_n may_v still_o with_o equal_a justice_n be_v turn_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o another_o prince_n and_o the_o prince_n who_o conquer_v in_o a_o just_a war_n may_v seize_v the_o throne_n of_o the_o conquer_a prince_n and_o if_o he_o be_v place_v there_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v no_o usurper_n upon_o either_o prince_n or_o people_n but_o a_o rightful_a prince_n who_o begin_v a_o new_a legal_a title_n how_o indefeasible_a soever_o a_o prince_n right_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o be_v no_o rule_n to_o foreign_a prince_n so_o they_o do_v not_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o the_o natural_a rule_n of_o justice_n in_o seize_v his_o throne_n and_o whenever_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v just_o take_v it_o be_v just_o lose_v and_o there_o need_v neither_o the_o death_n nor_o the_o resignation_n of_o the_o legal_a king_n to_o give_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o conqueror_n possible_o there_o have_v seldom_o be_v any_o such_o just_a war_n or_o just_a conquest_n but_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o my_o purpose_n if_o such_o there_o may_v be_v and_o i_o think_v no_o man_n doubt_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n and_o a_o just_a war_n will_v make_v the_o conquest_n just_a if_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n be_v injurious_a to_o their_o neighbour_n the_o injure_a prince_n may_v demand_v satisfaction_n and_o if_o it_o be_v deny_v may_v take_v it_o himself_o as_o every_o private_a man_n may_v do_v in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o there_o be_v no_o superion_n to_o judge_v between_o they_o which_o bring_v such_o a_o dispute_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o sword_n which_o be_v the_o only_a redress_n of_o injury_n when_o there_o be_v no_o civil_a authority_n to_o judge_v between_o they_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o fight_v if_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o conquer_v and_o not_o only_o to_o do_v himself_o right_a but_o prevent_v suture_a wrong_n from_o the_o injurious_a prince_n for_o a_o prince_n to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o another_o prince_n or_o to_o assist_v such_o a_o aspire_a monarch_n to_o enslave_v his_o neighbour_n be_v a_o just_a cause_n for_o the_o injure_a prince_n and_o their_o confederate_n to_o oppose_v force_n to_o force_n to_o fight_v and_o conquer_v if_o they_o can_v and_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o such_o injurious_a prince_n nay_o it_o have_v be_v always_o account_v not_o bare_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n but_o a_o heroical_a act_n to_o subdue_v tyrant_n and_o rescue_v their_o oppress_a subject_n who_o either_o can_v or_o must_v not_o defend_v themselves_o to_o vindicate_v the_o injure_a and_o oppress_v be_v what_o all_o mankind_n not_o only_o allow_v but_o applaud_v 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have_v authority_n enough_o to_o right_v those_o who_o suffer_v against_o natural_a right_n but_o this_o liberty_n be_v restrain_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o human_a society_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o minister_n but_o prince_n themselves_o be_v under_o none_o of_o these_o restraint_n and_o therefore_o may_v not_o only_o administer_v justice_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n but_o may_v repress_v the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o other_o prince_n not_o only_o against_o their_o neighbour_n prince_n but_o against_o those_o who_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o and_o can_v help_v themselves_o they_o have_v certain_o as_o much_o authority_n to_o relieve_v oppress_v subject_n as_o a_o oppress_a prince_n and_o no_o man_n think_v it_o ill_a for_o one_o prince_n to_o assist_v another_o against_o a_o powerful_a oppressor_n and_o i_o do_v not_o know_v it_o be_v ever_o think_v a_o fault_n yet_o to_o relieve_v subject_n against_o a_o oppress_a prince_n where_o the_o oppression_n be_v notorious_a and_o not_o make_v a_o mere_a pretence_n for_o usurpation_n i_o will_v desire_v any_o man_n to_o give_v i_o a_o tolerable_a reason_n why_o it_o be_v not_o as_o lawful_a for_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n have_v there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o rescue_v and_o defend_v the_o subject_n of_o england_n against_o the_o illegal_a power_n and_o oppression_n of_o their_o king_n as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o french_a king_n some_o man_n pattern_n of_o honour_n and_o bravery_n to_o endeavour_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o restore_v the_o late_a king_n james_n to_o his_o throne_n again_o and_o if_o religion_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o quarrel_n it_o be_v never_o the_o worse_o for_o that_o but_o the_o more_o reasonable_a and_o just_a for_o why_o shall_v not_o prince_n be_v concern_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n and_o vindicate_v his_o worshipper_n from_o the_o persecution_n of_o cruel_a tyrant_n subject_n indeed_o must_v not_o rebel_v christianity_n must_v not_o be_v force_v upon_o man_n by_o fire_n and_o sword_n but_o must_v it_o not_o be_v defend_v neither_o by_o christian_a prince_n when_o god_n have_v put_v the_o sword_n into_o their_o hand_n must_v they_o stand_v by_o and_o see_v the_o worshipper_n of_o christ_n persecute_v and_o not_o help_v they_o when_o they_o can_v i_o be_o sure_a god_n deliver_v the_o christian_a church_n from_o the_o most_o bloody_a persecution_n that_o ever_o be_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o constantine_n and_o make_v the_o cross_n his_o banner_n and_o this_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o cause_n of_o his_o war_n with_o licinius_n that_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n when_o constantius_n the_o arian_n emperor_n persecute_v athanasius_n and_o the_o orthodox_n bishop_n and_o christian_n constantine_n advise_v he_o of_o it_o and_o threaten_a war_n against_o he_o if_o he_o persist_v in_o it_o and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o christian_n of_o those_o day_n who_o flee_v to_o constantine_n for_o refuge_n think_v he_o will_v have_v do_v ill_o in_o it_o and_o yet_o their_o dominion_n and_o authority_n be_v as_o distinct_a and_o absolute_a as_o france_n and_o the_o grand_a signior_n though_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n follow_v other_o measure_n now_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o think_v that_o man_n be_v serious_a when_o they_o will_v not_o allow_v a_o oppress_a people_n deliver_v by_o such_o a_o generous_a and_o charitable_a prince_n to_o own_o their_o deliverer_n and_o pay_v duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o i_o think_v slave_n have_v so_o much_o liberty_n as_o to_o own_o the_o conqueror_n and_o if_o he_o deliver_v they_o and_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n and_o make_v subject_n of_o they_o instead_o of_o slave_n to_o be_v his_o liege-man_n for_o ever_o but_o some_o man_n notion_n make_v they_o great_a slave_n to_o prince_n than_o ever_o the_o world_n know_v before_o 2_o but_o this_o bring_v i_o to_o a_o more_o difficult_a enquiry_n viz._n how_o subject_n even_o in_o case_n of_o conquest_n can_v be_v deliver_v from_o their_o rightful_a prince_n while_o he_o live_v and_o be_v at_o liberty_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n to_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o conqueror_n for_o though_o foreign_a prince_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n yet_o subject_n be_v and_o therefore_o be_v still_o bind_v to_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o that_o prince_n who_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n make_v their_o prince_n how_o difficult_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v to_o assign_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o must_v be_v so_o if_o a_o prince_n may_v lose_v his_o crown_n by_o a_o just_a conquest_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n just_o lose_v his_o crown_n he_o must_v lose_v the_o allegiance_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o must_v follow_v the_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a one_o prince_n shall_v lose_v his_o crown_n and_o another_o win_v it_o be_v it_o unlawful_a for_o subject_n to_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o conqueror_n which_o be_v reason_n enough_o to_o conclude_v that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v not_o oblige_v subject_n in_o such_o case_n and_o if_o we_o careful_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o obligation_n of_o national_a law_n we_o shall_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v that_o they_o do_v not_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a national_a law_n have_v their_o whole_a dependence_n on_o the_o national_a authority_n it_o be_v that_o only_o make_v they_o law_n and_o they_o can_v continue_v law_n no_o long_o than_o that_o authority_n last_v which_o give_v be_v and_o obligation_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o national_a law_n must_v of_o necessity_n partake_v in_o all_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o government_n our_o obedience_n be_v not_o due_a to_o law_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n that_o command_v they_o and_o when_o the_o authority_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o obligation_n of_o law_n must_v cease_v as_o far_o as_o they_o respect_v that_o authority_n law_n be_v make_v for_o a_o settle_a government_n and_o they_o oblige_v subject_n while_o the_o government_n be_v and_o can_v be_v administer_v by_o these_o law_n but_o when_o the_o authority_n and_o government_n be_v change_v and_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v law_n in_o westminster-hall_n they_o be_v no_o law_n in_o conscience_n neither_o for_o how_o can_v law_n oblige_v without_o authority_n or_o what_o authority_n can_v mere_a humane_a national_a law_n have_v against_o all_o the_o present_a authority_n and_o government_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n concern_v a_o regular_a and_o legal_a succession_n but_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o regal_a power_n the_o law_n of_o inheritance_n continue_v the_o regal_a power_n in_o the_o family_n possess_v of_o it_o who_o inheritance_n original_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o family_n can_v not_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o whatsoever_o other_o mean_n he_o come_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v oblige_v subject_n only_o against_o their_o own_o voluntary_a interruption_n of_o the_o royal_a line_n but_o not_o against_o violent_a revolution_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o prince_n shall_v conquer_v the_o legal_a king_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o throne_n that_o be_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o sea_n shall_v never_o break_v its_o bank_n and_o in_o case_n of_o such_o a_o revolution_n to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o subject_n shall_v own_v or_o submit_v to_o the_o prevail_a prince_n be_v like_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o cottage_n or_o village_n shall_v be_v drown_v or_o carry_v away_o when_o such_o a_o deluge_n happen_v law_n be_v never_o make_v for_o such_o case_n as_o these_o and_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n can_v be_v say_v so_o proper_o to_o lose_v their_o obligation_n as_o not_o to_o be_v law_n we_o may_v as_o reasonable_o say_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o england_n when_o they_o be_v in_o france_n as_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o observe_v the_o old_a english_a law_n if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v by_o force_n ascend_v the_o english_a throne_n no_o law_n can_v be_v make_v against_o violent_a revolution_n because_o such_o revolution_n over_o power_n law_n and_o it_o be_v as_o absurd_a to_o suppose_v that_o any_o law_n shall_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n to_o oppose_v the_o rule_v and_o govern_v power_n when_o settle_v by_o a_o legal_a investiture_n which_o be_v to_o suppose_v that_o law_n which_o be_v only_a rule_n of_o government_n and_o owe_v their_o be_v to_o a_o national_a authority_n shall_v oppose_v all_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o nation_n thus_o i_o observe_v far_o that_o mere_a human_a law_n
can_v prove_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o government_n in_o a_o nation_n while_o the_o rightful_a prince_n can_v govern_v i_o will_v grant_v that_o subject_n ought_v to_o own_v no_o other_o authority_n but_o if_o no_o law_n no_o legal_a right_n can_v be_v more_o sacred_a than_o the_o very_o be_v of_o human_a society_n and_o civil_a government_n the_o right_n of_o prince_n must_v give_v place_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o government_n for_o it_o be_v more_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o human_a society_n shall_v be_v maintain_v and_o govern_v than_o that_o any_o prince_n how_o uncontested_a soever_o his_o right_n be_v shall_v govern_v for_o i_o think_v legal_a right_n which_o owe_v their_o very_a being_n to_o human_a society_n be_v never_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o they_o this_o i_o hope_n be_v enough_o to_o elear_v this_o point_n that_o a_o king_n may_v lose_v his_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n which_o give_v the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o just_a war_n a_o new_a right_n and_o set_v subject_n at_o liberty_n to_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o shall_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o though_o we_o be_v not_o a_o conquer_a people_n yet_o most_o of_o those_o reason_n which_o will_v justify_v subject_n in_o transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o a_o conqueror_n will_v much_o more_o justify_v our_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n whatever_o opinion_n we_o have_v about_o right_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o authority_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v now_o in_o their_o hand_n and_o place_v there_o by_o a_o legal_a judgement_n and_o if_o national_a law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o government_n can_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n without_o a_o national_a authority_n to_o give_v a_o obligation_n to_o they_o much_o less_o against_o a_o national_a authority_n than_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n in_o england_n which_o at_o this_o time_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o english_a subject_n to_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o late_a king_n james_n there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n to_o be_v find_v in_o westminster-hall_n or_o parliamentary_a judgement_n or_o determination_n and_o then_o i_o know_v not_o where_o to_o find_v it_o there_o be_v no_o king_n in_o westminster-hall_n or_o on_o the_o parliament_n roll_v but_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n no_o treason_n but_o what_o be_v commit_v against_o they_o and_o therefore_o no_o allegiance_n due_a by_o law_n but_o only_o to_o they_o for_o treason_n be_v a_o violation_n of_o our_o allegiance_n and_o where_o no_o treason_n can_v be_v commit_v no_o allegiance_n can_v be_v due_a though_o the_o nation_n be_v not_o conquer_a yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o private_a subject_n be_v under_o as_o great_a restraint_n by_o the_o legal_a change_n of_o the_o government_n as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o conqueror_n for_o to_o resist_v will_v be_v equal_o fatal_a to_o they_o in_o both_o case_n and_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n that_o can_v defend_v they_o and_o if_o human_a law_n can_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n against_o force_n if_o every_o man_n have_v a_o natural_a right_o to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o yield_v and_o submit_v to_o power_n when_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n to_o defend_v he_o against_o it_o why_o may_v he_o not_o as_o well_o submit_v to_o the_o irresistible_a power_n of_o a_o national_a authority_n how_o unjust_a soever_o he_o think_v it_o be_v as_o to_o the_o military_a power_n of_o the_o sword_n why_o may_v not_o man_n as_o well_o submit_v when_o they_o be_v conquer_v in_o the_o high_a judicature_n as_o in_o the_o field_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v little_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o man_n must_v forfeit_v their_o life_n estate_n or_o honour_n either_o way_n and_o when_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o late_a king_n whatever_o they_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v can_v no_o more_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o law_n than_o from_o the_o sword_n what_o shall_v hinder_v his_o authority_n be_v at_o a_o end_n to_o they_o and_o their_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o take_v care_n of_o themselves_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o their_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n and_o i_o know_v no_o law_n that_o command_v subject_n to_o forfeit_v their_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o propety_n mere_o because_o they_o can_v defend_v the_o king_n in_o he_o nor_o the_o king_n they_o in_o they_o in_o case_n of_o such_o extremity_n king_n will_v take_v care_n of_o themselves_o and_o subject_n have_v as_o much_o right_o to_o take_v care_n of_o themselves_o if_o any_o necessity_n will_v justify_v king_n in_o leave_v their_o throne_n and_o the_o government_n and_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o subject_n the_o same_o necessity_n will_v justify_v subject_n in_o submit_v to_o a_o new_a power_n no_o mere_a human_a law_n nor_o human_a authority_n can_v oblige_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n the_o authority_n of_o god_n indeed_o can_v because_o god_n can_v reward_v and_o punish_v beyond_o the_o grave_a but_o though_o the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v bind_v on_o we_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n yet_o god_n require_v we_o to_o obey_v man_n and_o their_o law_n no_o far_o than_o their_o authority_n reach_v and_o therefore_o not_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o in_o most_o instance_n will_v dispense_v with_o the_o positive_a part_n of_o moral_a law_n themselves_o second_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o case_n of_o abdication_n and_o desertion_n which_o be_v plain_o the_o case_n of_o the_o late_a king_n james_n for_o he_o see_v himself_o desert_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o by_o part_n of_o his_o army_n who_o will_v not_o sight_n for_o he_o against_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n dare_v not_o venture_v the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o be_v as_o appear_v by_o his_o action_n resolve_v not_o to_o submit_v the_o redress_n of_o all_o grievance_n to_o a_o free_a parliament_n have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v but_o to_o withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o fling_v up_o the_o government_n the_o qustion_n than_o be_v whether_o this_o be_v such_o a_o leave_v of_o his_o crown_n as_o put_v it_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o to_o the_o next_o heir_n we_o must_v not_o expect_v to_o find_v any_o precedent_n of_o this_o nature_n nor_o any_o provision_n make_v for_o it_o in_o law_n for_o there_o never_o be_v a_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n before_o and_o probable_o never_o will_v be_v again_o but_o all_o such_o unusual_a case_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o live_a judge_n according_a to_o the_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n we_o know_v how_o it_o have_v be_v determine_v and_o what_o dispute_v those_o word_n abdication_n and_o desertion_n have_v cause_v but_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v about_o word_n but_o consider_v the_o thing_n i_o need_v not_o be_v at_o any_o pain_n to_o prove_v that_o government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o that_o all_o people_n have_v as_o natural_a a_o right_a to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n of_o government_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o they_o have_v at_o first_o to_o form_v themselves_o into_o human_a society_n that_o king_n be_v make_v for_o government_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o long_o any_o right_n to_o kingship_n than_o they_o will_v administer_v the_o government_n and_o i_o think_v it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o for_o a_o king_n deliberate_o to_o quit_v his_o kingdom_n without_o make_v any_o manner_n of_o provision_n or_o leave_v any_o authority_n behind_o he_o to_o govern_v in_o his_o name_n be_v actual_o to_o quit_v the_o government_n for_o to_o leave_v off_o govern_v as_o he_o do_v who_o withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o authority_n be_v to_o quit_v the_o government_n and_o when_o the_o king_n leave_v his_o crown_n and_o government_n it_o must_v either_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n or_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o liberty_n of_o provide_v for_o themselves_o for_o the_o nation_n must_v be_v govern_v it_o be_v evident_a indeed_o that_o prince_n many_o time_n leave_v their_o throne_n without_o any_o intention_n to_o give_v up_o their_o right_n to_o government_n but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o what_o they_o intend_v but_o what_o they_o do_v if_o to_o leave_v their_o throne_n empty_a which_o must_v be_v fill_v by_o somebody_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o by_o necessary_a and_o unavoidable_a consequence_n to_o give_v up_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o to_o somebody_o else_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o talk_v of_o part_v with_o the_o possession_n without_o part_v with_o the_o right_n as_o far_o as_o
for_o a_o legal_a right_n as_o the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v may_v be_v lose_v by_o conquest_n or_o part_v with_o by_o resignation_n or_o by_o abdication_n and_o desertion_n and_o that_o the_o late_a king_n have_v so_o desert_v his_o throne_n as_o to_o make_v it_o not_o only_o lawful_a but_o even_o necessary_a for_o his_o subject_n to_o fill_v it_o again_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o those_o who_o insist_v on_o king_n james_n right_n to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v rightful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o he_o be_v once_o rightful_a king_n which_o be_v all_o that_o they_o pretend_v to_o for_o though_o he_o be_v once_o a_o rightful_a king_n he_o may_v now_o neither_o be_v a_o king_n nor_o have_v any_o right_a to_o be_v king_n ii_o another_o question_n be_v whether_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v the_o rightful_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n now_o have_v king_n james_n die_v before_o the_o pretend_a birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n this_o have_v be_v no_o question_n for_o then_o queen_n mary_n have_v be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o she_o right_o and_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o princess_n anne_n allow_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n king_n william_n have_v be_v the_o rightful_a and_o legal_a king_n now_o if_o king_n james_n part_v with_o his_o right_a and_o crown_v together_o by_o forsake_v his_o government_n and_o leave_v his_o throne_n vacant_a and_o the_o estate_n have_v a_o right_n if_o they_o please_v to_o fill_v it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o pretence_n of_o right_n upon_o the_o late_a king_n account_n than_o if_o he_o have_v be_v dead_a and_o as_o for_o the_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n at_o best_a his_o birth_n be_v so_o very_o doubtful_a that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o estate_n to_o reject_v the_o next_o undoubted_a heir_n for_o he_o especial_o when_o the_o king_n refuse_v to_o submit_v that_o dispute_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o then_o prince_n of_o orange_n have_v do_v and_o have_v his_o birth_n be_v never_o so_o unquestionable_a he_o can_v not_o be_v have_v without_o take_v the_o late_a king_n again_o which_o be_v reason_n enough_o for_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o concern_v themselves_o with_o that_o dispute_n but_o to_o place_v the_o next_o heir_n upon_o the_o throne_n that_o can_v be_v have_v the_o king_n withdraw_v himself_o and_o send_v away_o he_o who_o he_o call_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n before_o he_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v he_o to_o make_v he_o king_n have_v we_o have_v never_o so_o much_o mind_n to_o it_o and_o have_v all_o the_o royal_a family_n desert_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n or_o have_v they_o be_v convey_v away_o from_o we_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o estate_n may_v not_o as_o well_o have_v choose_v a_o new_a king_n as_o if_o all_o the_o royal_a family_n have_v be_v extinct_a and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o case_n as_o certain_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o dispute_n whether_o their_o present_a majesty_n be_v rightful_a king_n and_o queen_n iii_o a_o three_o question_n be_v how_o far_o those_o who_o be_v not_o satisfy_v in_o their_o own_o private_a judgement_n whether_o the_o late_a king_n james_n have_v lose_v his_o right_n and_o their_o present_a majesty_n be_v rightful_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n may_v own_o and_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n now_o if_o we_o do_v but_o allow_v that_o this_o be_v matter_n of_o dispute_n all_o dispute_n about_o legal_a right_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o legal_a authority_n and_o private_a subject_n must_v acquiesce_v in_o such_o determination_n unless_o we_o will_v dissolve_v civil_a society_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o some_o dispute_v legal_a right_n since_o then_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o be_v the_o high_a atuhority_n when_o there_o be_v no_o king_n on_o the_o throne_n have_v determine_v this_o matter_n private_a subject_n have_v nothing_o now_o to_o do_v with_o it_o in_o matter_n which_o concern_v civil_a government_n they_o must_v follow_v the_o public_a judgement_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o civil_a obedience_n in_o contradiction_n to_o their_o own_o private_a opinion_n where_o the_o dispute_n be_v only_o about_o civil_a and_o legal_a not_o about_o natural_a and_o moral_a right_n private_a subject_n must_v own_v he_o for_o their_o king_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o who_o alone_o it_o belong_v to_o judge_v authoritative_o about_o such_o matter_n iu._n but_o the_o last_o and_o great_a difficulty_n of_o all_o still_o remain_v viz._n suppose_v king_n james_n shall_v land_n in_o england_n with_o a_o military_a force_n to_o demand_v the_o crown_n what_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o do_v which_o side_n they_o ought_v to_o take_v whether_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o the_o late_a king_n james_n against_o their_o present_a majesty_n or_o for_o their_o present_a majesty_n against_o the_o late_a king_n james_n now_o if_o king_n james_n have_v lose_v his_o crown_n and_o his_o right_n to_o it_o and_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v rightful_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n this_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o dispute_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o ought_v to_o fight_v for_o our_o rightful_a king_n and_o queen_n against_o one_o who_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v no_o king_n now_o nor_o have_v any_o right_n ever_o to_o be_v king_n again_o but_o there_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o insist_v upon_o right_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o determine_v the_o case_n only_o to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v we_o to_o fight_v for_o our_o king_n against_o he_o who_o be_v no_o king_n and_o he_o be_v king_n who_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n own_o to_o be_v king_n that_o be_v he_o who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o throne_n and_o invest_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n with_o all_o usual_a and_o accustom_a solemnity_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o legal_a investiture_n make_v a_o legal_a king_n and_o the_o law_n require_v our_o allegiance_n to_o such_o a_o king_n that_o be_v all_o legal_a obedience_n and_o defence_n and_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o legal_a right_n whatever_o right_o then_o any_o prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o throne_n if_o the_o law_n do_v not_o allow_v private_a subject_n to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o such_o right_n against_o a_o legal_a possessor_n if_o it_o do_v not_o extinguish_v yet_o at_o least_o it_o limit_n suspend_v and_o set_v aside_o such_o right_n in_o such_o case_n that_o they_o be_v to_o subject_n as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o and_o as_o the_o law_n can_v make_v and_o create_v legal_a right_n so_o it_o can_v limit_v and_o set_v bound_n to_o they_o and_o determine_v in_o what_o case_n and_o to_o what_o effect_v and_o purpose_v they_o shall_v be_v right_n and_o they_o be_v legal_a right_n no_o far_o but_o beside_o this_o it_o be_v worth_a observe_n that_o the_o law_n do_v not_o allow_v civil_a and_o legal_a right_n to_o be_v dispute_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o sword_n for_o that_o be_v a_o dissolution_n of_o civil_a authority_n and_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o no_o subject_n can_v be_v bind_v at_o any_o time_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o fight_v for_o a_o suppose_a or_o pretend_v right_o against_o a_o legal_a possessor_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o fight_v for_o our_o king_n to_o defend_v his_o person_n crown_n and_o dignity_n but_o it_o be_v for_o a_o king_n who_o the_o law_n own_o to_o be_v king_n that_o be_v who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o royal_a authority_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v actual_o on_o the_o throne_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o all_o civil_a society_n the_o dispute_n about_o the_o legal_a right_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o a_o competent_a authority_n not_o by_o the_o sword_n which_o can_v decide_v no_o question_n but_o which_o side_n be_v strong_a a_o appeal_n to_o the_o sword_n against_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o last_o authority_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o consequent_o be_v no_o part_n of_o legal_a obedience_n and_o defence_n and_o then_o i_o can_v guess_v how_o any_o subject_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o fight_v for_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o a_o prince_n whatever_o opinion_n he_o may_v have_v of_o his_o right_n against_o a_o legal_a possessor_n of_o the_o throne_n nay_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o subject_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n not_o to_o do_v it_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o fight_v against_o civil_a authority_n and_o government_n nor_o be_v this_o to_o fight_v for_o wrong_n or_o to_o fight_v against_o right_n where_o ever_o we_o suppose_v the_o right_a to_o be_v for_o we_o neither_o fight_n for_o or_o against_o either_o which_o the_o law_n and_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o civil_a constitution_n will_v not_o allow_v but_o we_o sight_n for_o our_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v we_o to_o do_v and_o what_o right_o soever_o any_o prince_n have_v when_o he_o come_v to_o dispute_v it_o with_o the_o sword_n subject_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o defend_v the_o possessor_n against_o he_o and_o to_o leave_v the_o dispute_n of_o right_n of_o the_o judgement_n and_o determination_n of_o a_o proper_a tribunal_n thus_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o present_a majesty_n do_v though_o he_o come_v with_o the_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n it_o be_v not_o to_o try_v his_o cause_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o to_o refer_v his_o cause_n to_o a_o free_a parliament_n and_o to_o procure_v such_o a_o parliament_n by_o the_o sword_n which_o nothing_o but_o the_o sword_n can_v obtain_v in_o short_a when_o a_o prince_n challenge_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n it_o be_v seldom_o see_v that_o his_o own_o content_n he_o if_o he_o win_v his_o crown_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n also_o of_o his_o subject_n right_n and_o may_v carve_v out_o what_o kind_n of_o power_n or_o government_n he_o please_v with_o a_o conquer_a sword_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o obligation_n subject_n shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o lie_v under_o to_o the_o rightful_a heir_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v he_o a_o conqueror_n which_o be_v to_o make_v themselves_o slave_n if_o he_o please_v they_o can_v fight_v for_o his_o right_n without_o fight_v against_o their_o own_o and_o against_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n which_o be_v proof_n enough_o that_o no_o civil_a constitution_n can_v allow_v of_o fight_v for_o the_o crown_n such_o thing_n have_v be_v and_o such_o thing_n will_v be_v but_o the_o question_n be_v what_o subject_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n in_o such_o case_n to_o do_v and_o unless_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o enslave_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n they_o can_v never_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v much_o less_o to_o assist_v any_o prince_n whatever_o his_o pretence_n be_v to_o seize_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n this_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n against_o any_o prince_n who_o will_v force_v his_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n which_o be_v already_o fill_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o be_v a_o unanswerable_a argument_n in_o our_o present_a case_n we_o know_v the_o late_a king_n james_n too_o well_o to_o trust_v he_o with_o a_o conquest_n if_o we_o can_v help_v it_o and_o we_o know_v the_o french_a king_n too_o well_o to_o receive_v his_o troop_n among_o we_o if_o we_o can_v keep_v they_o out_o and_o those_o who_o conscience_n command_v they_o to_o assist_v the_o late_a king_n to_o conquer_v their_o country_n need_v some_o other_o cure_n than_o argument_n to_o convince_v they_o but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o full_o state_v in_o the_o two_o letter_n to_o a_o friend_n concern_v the_o french_a invasion_n that_o i_o shall_v refer_v my_o reader_n for_o far_a satisfaction_n to_o those_o letter_n finis_fw-la
a_fw-la enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o obligation_n of_o legal_a right_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o popular_a plea_n of_o the_o late_a k._n james_n remain_v right_a to_o the_o crown_n license_v london_n print_v by_o thomas_n hodgkin_n 1693._o a_fw-la enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o obligation_n of_o legal_a right_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o needless_a task_n to_o prove_v to_o protestant_n that_o it_o be_v more_o for_o their_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a interest_n to_o have_v a_o protestant_n than_o a_o popish_a king_n and_o queen_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v apprehend_v any_o great_a danger_n to_o their_o majesty_n government_n from_o those_o scandalous_a libel_n which_o be_v write_v with_o some_o art_n and_o disperse_v with_o great_a diligence_n to_o raise_v and_o foment_n new_a discontent_n those_o be_v very_o sanguine_a man_n who_o hope_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o our_o liberty_n and_o property_n will_v be_v more_o secure_a and_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n will_v flourish_v better_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o late_a king_n if_o he_o return_v than_o under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n we_o remember_v how_o it_o late_o be_v and_o we_o feel_v how_o it_o be_v at_o present_a and_o if_o we_o can_v trust_v our_o memory_n and_o our_o sense_n all_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n can_v impose_v upon_o we_o in_o so_o plain_a a_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o argument_n from_o interest_n tie_v the_o subject_n of_o england_n in_o the_o fast_o bond_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o righteousness_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o mankind_n than_o all_o other_o temporal_a consideration_n and_o at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o they_o will_n and_o therefore_o while_o man_n be_v persuade_v that_o how_o advantageous_a soever_o the_o late_a revolution_n may_v prove_v it_o be_v found_v in_o injustice_n no_o other_o argument_n but_o force_n will_v for_o any_o long_a time_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o late_a king_n out_o or_o to_o establish_v their_o present_a majesty_n in_o the_o throne_n which_o show_v that_o other_o argument_n be_v lose_v labour_n till_o the_o dispute_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n be_v better_a clear_v and_o though_o there_o have_v be_v many_o wise_a thing_n say_v about_o it_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v state_v to_o a_o general_n satisfaction_n the_o government_n of_o the_o late_a king_n give_v great_a reason_n to_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o part_v with_o he_o whenever_o he_o will_v set_v they_o at_o liberty_n and_o therefore_o if_o king_n james_n have_v suffer_v no_o injustice_n but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v himself_o if_o he_o have_v deliver_v his_o subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n and_o if_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v legal_o invest_v with_o the_o royal_a power_n and_o be_v the_o legal_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o make_v all_o man_n who_o love_v the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n their_o religion_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n to_o be_v easy_a and_o satisfy_v and_o thankful_a for_o such_o a_o change_n and_o to_o state_n this_o matter_n plain_o to_o silence_v this_o pretence_n of_o right_n and_o justice_n on_o the_o late_a king_n side_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o inquire_v what_o right_a prince_n have_v to_o their_o throne_n this_o may_v at_o first_o be_v think_v a_o dangerous_a enquiry_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v no_o hurt_n in_o it_o and_o the_o loud_a clamour_n about_o right_n which_o disquiet_v so_o many_o man_n mind_n and_o disturb_v the_o peace_n and_o settlement_n of_o these_o kingdom_n and_o daily_o threaten_v we_o with_o new_a convulsion_n or_o revolution_n make_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a at_o this_o time_n to_o say_v some_o few_o plain_a truth_n which_o carry_v their_o own_o evidence_n and_o conviction_n with_o they_o which_o will_v do_v no_o wrong_n to_o prince_n and_o will_v do_v great_a right_n to_o subject_n the_o whole_a resolution_n of_o this_o matter_n depend_v upon_o one_o single_a question_n if_o so_o plain_a a_o case_n may_v be_v call_v a_o question_n viz._n whether_o prince_n have_v a_o natural_a or_o only_o a_o legal_a right_n to_o their_o throne_n i_o think_v i_o may_v reasonable_o enough_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v without_o dispute_v that_o no_o prince_n have_v any_o other_o right_o to_o his_o throne_n but_o what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n give_v he_o for_o though_o some_o man_n have_v dispute_v warm_o for_o the_o natural_a and_o patriarchal_a right_n of_o king_n yet_o they_o have_v so_o few_o follower_n and_o the_o hypothesis_n itself_o be_v so_o new_a and_o build_v upon_o such_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o so_o contrary_a to_o plain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a any_o man_n contend_v about_o whoever_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o know_v the_o mystery_n of_o this_o may_v read_v the_o second_o dialogue_n of_o the_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la and_o try_v if_o he_o can_v make_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o for_o who_o know_v what_o the_o paternal_a and_o patriarchal_a authority_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o civil_a and_o political_a or_o only_o a_o oeconomical_a authority_n such_o as_o parent_n still_o have_v over_o their_o child_n or_o not_o much_o more_o who_o know_v how_o this_o authority_n descend_v and_o what_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a father_n and_o of_o the_o immediate_a father_n over_o their_o own_o child_n whether_o this_o by_o natural_a right_n do_v not_o make_v the_o whole_a world_n one_o monarchy_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o lineal_a heir_n of_o the_o elder_a family_n and_o how_o come_v the_o world_n then_o contrary_a to_o natural_a right_n to_o be_v canton_v into_o so_o many_o absolute_a and_o independent_a monarchy_n do_v not_o this_o damn_v all_o republic_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o monarchy_n for_o if_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o government_n be_v in_o the_o natural_a heir_n all_o other_o form_n of_o government_n beside_o monarchy_n be_v contrary_a to_o nature_n and_o a_o usurpation_n upon_o natural_a right_n but_o be_v all_o this_o as_o it_o will_v where_o be_v the_o monarch_n this_o day_n in_o the_o world_n that_o derive_v his_o pedigree_n and_o lineal_a descent_n from_o some_o ancient_a pataiarch_n who_o have_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o government_n do_v we_o not_o know_v what_o the_o original_a of_o many_o monarchy_n have_v be_v and_o what_o change_v they_o have_v suffer_v how_o pirate_n and_o robber_n have_v advance_v themselves_o to_o royal_a dignity_n and_o found_v new_a kingdom_n and_o begin_v a_o race_n of_o new_a king_n and_o be_v all_o these_o the_o lineal_a heir_n of_o those_o kingdom_n they_o subdue_v and_o yet_o how_o can_v they_o have_v the_o natural_a patriarchal_a right_n of_o government_n without_o it_o for_o natural_a right_n can_v never_o be_v sparate_v from_o those_o natural_a relation_n which_o create_v they_o these_o be_v very_o great_a absurdity_n and_o yet_o i_o must_v do_v these_o man_n this_o right_a that_o unless_o you_o can_v find_v a_o paternal_a patriarchal_a right_n there_o can_v be_v no_o natural_a right_n to_o civil_a government_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o natural_a right_n of_o government_n but_o only_o the_o natural_a authority_n of_o father_n for_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n to_o government_n not_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o king_n succeed_v to_o the_o paternal_a authority_n that_o they_o have_v now_o the_o same_o authority_n over_o their_o subject_n that_o father_n ancient_o have_v over_o their_o child_n which_o i_o doubt_v if_o true_o state_v will_v satisfy_v but_o few_o king_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o hence_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o throne_n which_o father_n have_v to_o their_o authority_n there_o may_v be_v several_a different_a right_n to_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o authority_n but_o he_o who_o be_v not_o in_o the_o paternal_a line_n nor_o by_o primogeniture_n inherit_v the_o father_n right_a can_v have_v a_o natural_a paternal_a right_n for_o as_o for_o natural_a descent_n in_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n where_o the_o next_o lineal_a heir_n succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n who_o we_o common_o style_v a_o natural_a prince_n and_o a_o prince_n bear_v who_o be_v the_o natural_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v his_o birthright_n it_o be_v plain_a this_o be_v not_o a_o natural_a right_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o law_n for_o if_o this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n
he_o part_n with_o the_o possession_n for_o though_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v a_o different_a thing_n from_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o legal_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o legal_a right_n to_o government_n be_v either_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o so_o inseparable_o annex_v that_o to_o part_v with_o one_o be_v to_o part_v with_o both_o the_o right_n of_o government_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o right_a to_o exercise_v all_o act_n of_o government_n be_v give_v by_o the_o legal_a possession_n and_o investiture_n and_o therefore_o he_o who_o part_n with_o his_o legal_a possession_n and_o administration_n of_o government_n part_n with_o his_o right_n to_o govern._n to_o forfeit_v the_o obedience_n of_o subject_n i_o think_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o forseit_v the_o right_n to_o government_n and_o that_o he_o most_o certain_o do_v who_o leave_v the_o government_n for_o subject_n can_v be_v bind_v to_o obey_v he_o who_o will_v not_o govern_v who_o leave_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o government_n themselves_o or_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o those_o who_o will_v take_v it_o no_o prince_n have_v a_o right_a to_o oblige_v subject_n to_o live_v without_o any_o government_n when_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v they_o and_o therefore_o by_o leave_v the_o government_n he_o absolve_v they_o from_o his_o government_n and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o take_v care_n of_o themselves_o and_o if_o he_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o dispose_v of_o the_o government_n he_o must_v give_v away_o his_o own_o right_a to_o govern._n thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n whatever_o the_o occasion_n be_v that_o move_v prince_n to_o leave_v their_o throne_n and_o how_o unwilling_o soever_o they_o do_v it_o for_o when_o a_o prince_n leave_v his_o throne_n he_o either_o leave_v his_o subject_n in_o possession_n of_o some_o new_a power_n or_o make_v it_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o submit_v to_o some_o new_a government_n and_o the_o same_o necessity_n which_o justify_v a_o prince_n in_o leave_v his_o throne_n and_o government_n must_v absolve_v his_o subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n but_o then_o the_o different_a reason_n for_o which_o prince_n leave_v their_o throne_n make_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o obligation_n of_o subject_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o receive_v or_o not_o to_o receive_v such_o a_o prince_n again_o the_o understanding_n of_o which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o our_o present_a case_n when_o a_o prince_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o foreign_a power_n if_o subject_n be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o they_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o resist_v the_o usurper_n and_o to_o restore_v their_o prince_n to_o his_o throne_n again_o if_o they_o can_v resist_v they_o may_v and_o must_v submit_v as_o their_o king_n unwilling_o leave_v his_o subject_n to_o save_v his_o own_o life_n and_o liberty_n so_o subject_n may_v as_o unwilling_o leave_v their_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n to_o save_v their_o own_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o fortune_n for_o the_o necessity_n be_v equal_a on_o both_o side_n the_o king_n do_v actual_o leave_v his_o throne_n and_o government_n though_o he_o be_v force_v by_o a_o hard_a necessity_n to_o do_v so_o and_o when_o the_o throne_n be_v leave_v empty_a subject_n be_v free_a but_o such_o a_o vacancy_n be_v only_o the_o effect_n of_o force_n subject_n ought_v to_o take_v no_o advantage_n of_o it_o against_o their_o king_n when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o restore_v he_o but_o when_o they_o be_v under_o the_o same_o necessity_n to_o fill_v the_o throne_n that_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v it_o his_o leaving_z it_o vacant_a will_v justify_v their_o fill_n it_o again_o and_o submit_v to_o a_o new_a prince_n if_o a_o king_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n this_o will_v never_o justify_v they_o in_o keep_v he_o out_o for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v go_v he_o do_v not_o leave_v they_o but_o they_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o if_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a they_o themselves_o make_v it_o so_o and_o therefore_o be_v bind_v to_o fill_v it_o again_o with_o the_o prince_n who_o they_o have_v put_v out_o and_o yet_o how_o far_o loyal_a subject_n in_o this_o case_n may_v submit_v to_o force_n and_o necessity_n and_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o good_a government_n of_o their_o country_n be_v a_o great_a dispute_n which_o i_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o interpose_v in_o at_o present_a all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o say_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n be_v that_o though_o in_o this_o case_n the_o throne_n be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la vacant_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o such_o a_o vacancy_n as_o will_v justify_v subject_n in_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o new_a prince_n but_o if_o the_o throne_n be_v fill_v or_o a_o new_a government_n set_v up_o how_o far_o subject_n may_v submit_v to_o it_o be_v anonother_n question_n if_o a_o king_n without_o any_o force_n from_o his_o subject_n private_o without_o their_o knowledge_n withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o authority_n it_o be_v certain_a he_o leave_v his_o throne_n empty_a but_o whether_o his_o subject_n may_v fill_v it_o with_o the_o next_o heir_n or_o must_v invite_v he_o back_o to_o fill_v it_o again_o himself_o belong_v to_o a_o public_a judgement_n upon_o a_o wise_a and_o equitable_a consideration_n of_o all_o circumstance_n and_o such_o a_o public_a judgement_n ought_v to_o determine_v all_o private_a subject_n the_o throne_n be_v empty_a when_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v it_o and_o a_o empty_a throne_n must_v be_v fill_v because_o the_o nation_n must_v be_v govern_v but_o yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n between_o such_o a_o vacancy_n as_o this_o by_o the_o king_n be_v withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o authority_n and_o a_o vacancy_n by_o death_n which_o give_v the_o next_o heir_n a_o immediate_a right_n to_o ascend_v the_o throne_n the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n and_o succession_n do_v not_o immediate_o take_v place_n but_o upon_o the_o natural_a death_n of_o the_o king_n whether_o the_o throne_n be_v so_o vacant_a while_o the_o former_a king_n be_v live_v as_o to_o give_v right_o to_o the_o next_o heir_n to_o succeed_v be_v matter_n of_o judgement_n and_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o judicial_a sentence_n of_o those_o to_o who_o the_o cognizance_n of_o such_o matter_n belong_v now_o though_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n ought_v to_o be_v conclusive_a to_o private_a subject_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a after_o such_o a_o judgement_n to_o inquire_v into_o such_o matter_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o king_n james_n have_v give_v they_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o justify_v they_o to_o all_o the_o world_n in_o declare_v his_o throne_n vacant_a i_o have_v already_o observe_v for_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o prove_v what_o be_v self-evident_a that_o when_o a_o king_n have_v leave_v his_o throne_n it_o be_v empty_a and_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o government_n require_v that_o a_o empty_a throne_n shall_v be_v fill_v again_o and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o subject_n who_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v without_o any_o government_n to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o to_o fill_v it_o now_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v be_v such_o as_o make_v it_o just_a for_o they_o if_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o call_v he_o back_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o but_o if_o he_o leave_v they_o for_o such_o reason_n as_o will_v make_v very_o good_a and_o loyal_a subject_n glad_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o he_o they_o may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o his_o leave_v they_o to_o fill_v the_o throne_n with_o a_o more_o desirable_a prince_n for_o no_o prince_n have_v liberty_n voluntary_o to_o forsake_v his_o government_n without_o give_v up_o his_o right_n to_o it_o for_o human_a society_n must_v be_v govern_v and_o therefore_o he_o actual_o deve_v himself_o of_o the_o government_n who_o by_o leave_v it_o make_v it_o his_o own_o choice_n not_o to_o govern_v and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v so_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o conceive_v whence_o he_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o resume_v the_o government_n again_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o people_n who_o he_o will_v govern_v so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v plain_a that_o a_o prince_n who_o once_o quit_v his_o government_n must_v expect_v a_o restauration_n from_o the_o good_a nature_n of_o his_o former_a subject_n not_o of_o right_n his_o appeal_n must_v be_v to_o conscience_n and_o equity_n not_o a_o demand_n of_o their_o duty_n by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n let_v we_o
therefore_o consider_v the_o case_n of_o the_o late_a k._n j._n with_o relation_n to_o plea_n of_o this_o kind_n all_o that_o ever_o i_o can_v hear_v say_v against_o his_o abdication_n and_o desertion_n be_v that_o he_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o just_a and_o reasonable_a fear_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o throne_n very_o unwilling_o and_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o divest_v himself_o of_o royal_a authority_n but_o only_o to_o reserve_v himself_o for_o better_a time_n till_o he_o can_v return_v to_o his_o throne_n by_o force_n and_o power_n all_o this_o i_o very_o believe_v be_v true_a that_o he_o go_v away_o unwilling_o and_o hope_v to_o return_v again_o with_o power_n and_o have_v no_o mind_n no_o intention_n to_o part_v with_o his_o kingdom_n for_o ever_o but_o what_o will_v they_o prove_v by_o all_o this_o will_v they_o prove_v that_o the_o late_a king_n do_v not_o leave_v his_o throne_n or_o that_o when_o he_o have_v leave_v it_o the_o throne_n be_v not_o empty_a which_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o do_v not_o leave_v his_o throne_n or_o that_o though_o he_o leave_v it_o it_o be_v not_o empty_a because_o he_o leave_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o empty_a in_o a_o fright_n or_o will_v they_o prove_v that_o his_o go_v away_o in_o a_o fright_n be_v not_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n of_o his_o throne_n i_o care_v not_o much_o if_o i_o grant_v this_o too_o if_o they_o will_v but_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o leave_v it_o for_o to_o leave_v a_o throne_n give_v subject_n a_o right_a to_o fill_v it_o as_o well_o as_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n do_v because_o the_o throne_n must_v be_v full_a or_o government_n cease_v and_o a_o king_n that_o leave_v his_o throne_n though_o he_o know_v it_o must_v be_v fill_v if_o he_o leave_v it_o do_v that_o by_o leave_v his_o throne_n which_o he_o who_o resign_v it_o do_v by_o a_o formal_a instrument_n of_o resignation_n that_o be_v he_o signify_v to_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v govern_v they_o but_o they_o must_v shift_v for_o themselves_o for_o it_o be_v not_o at_o the_o will_n of_o a_o prince_n whether_o a_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v govern_v or_o not_o and_o when_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v they_o it_o seem_v more_o regular_a and_o legal_a to_o place_v the_o next_o heir_n on_o the_o throne_n than_o to_o set_v up_o any_o other_o person_n or_o government_n the_o reason_n then_o why_o subject_n shall_v not_o have_v fill_v the_o throne_n when_o the_o late_a king_n have_v leave_v it_o empty_a aught_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o go_v away_o what_o they_o be_v be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o i_o believe_v no_o english_a protestant_n who_o love_v the_o religion_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o country_n will_v say_v that_o they_o be_v such_o reason_n as_o will_v excuse_v or_o justify_v his_o leave_v they_o or_o make_v it_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n to_o recall_v he_o the_o only_a visible_a reason_n of_o his_o leave_v we_o be_v this_o that_o if_o he_o stay_v he_o must_v be_v under_o a_o necessity_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o he_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o venture_v his_o cause_n with_o they_o not_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o censure_n and_o redress_v the_o miscarriage_n of_o his_o government_n not_o to_o part_v with_o his_o dispense_v power_n not_o to_o give_v such_o security_n as_o a_o parliament_n will_v have_v demand_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o religion_n that_o be_v he_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o king_n or_o to_o be_v absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a and_o let_v any_o man_n judge_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o a_o good_a reason_n for_o subject_n to_o take_v the_o advantage_n which_o he_o have_v give_v they_o and_o to_o fill_v the_o throne_n which_o he_o have_v make_v empty_a to_o renounce_v a_o legal_a government_n be_v to_o renounce_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o he_o who_o leave_v the_o throne_n to_o avoid_v the_o necessity_n of_o govern_v by_o law_n may_v get_v it_o again_o when_o he_o can_v but_o subject_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o give_v it_o he_o they_o know_v for_o what_o reason_n he_o part_v with_o it_o and_o to_o restore_v it_o to_o he_o will_v be_v a_o plain_a consent_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v it_o upon_o his_o own_o term_n i_o know_v it_o be_v pretend_v that_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o his_o person_n be_v not_o safe_a in_o england_n and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o he_o withdraw_v into_o france_n but_o this_o be_v so_o unreasonable_a a_o fear_n have_v he_o resolve_v to_o have_v comply_v with_o the_o parliament_n that_o it_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o plausible_a pretence_n than_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o withdraw_n the_o prince_n indeed_o be_v land_v with_o a_o considerable_a force_n and_o the_o king_n be_v desert_v by_o some_o of_o his_o subject_n who_o declare_v for_o the_o prince_n and_o by_o part_n of_o his_o army_n that_o go_v over_o to_o he_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v reason_n enough_o for_o he_o to_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o he_o to_o dispute_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o defeat_v his_o hope_n of_o attain_v his_o irregular_a desire_n by_o a_o victory_n but_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o his_o person_n be_v not_o safe_a will_v he_o have_v call_v a_o parliament_n and_o refer_v the_o redress_n of_o all_o grievance_n to_o they_o those_o who_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o he_o against_o the_o prince_n and_o against_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n will_v have_v secure_v his_o person_n from_o all_o violent_a attempt_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v this_o since_o the_o prince_n desire_v no_o more_o and_o the_o associator_n declare_v for_o no_o more_o and_o all_o their_o word_n and_o action_n speak_v it_o than_o that_o they_o will_v adhere_v to_o the_o prince_n till_o our_o religion_n law_n and_o liberty_n 75._o history_n of_o desertion_n page_n 75._o be_v so_o far_o secure_v to_o we_o in_o a_o free_a parliament_n that_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o fall_v under_o popery_n and_o slavery_n the_o denial_n of_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o denmark_n duke_n of_o grafton_n lord_n churchill_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n leave_v he_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o my_o lord_n churchill_n and_o when_o his_o voyage_n for_o france_n be_v stop_v and_o he_o return_v to_o london_n the_o general_a acclamation_n wherewith_o he_o be_v receive_v as_o he_o pass_v through_o london-street_n may_v have_v satisfy_v he_o how_o little_a danger_n his_o person_n be_v in_o and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o observe_v it_o himself_o that_o though_o they_o hate_v his_o religion_n they_o love_v his_o person_n if_o then_o the_o late_a king_n have_v no_o reasonable_a cause_n to_o fear_v the_o safety_n of_o his_o person_n will_v he_o have_v stay_v to_o redress_v all_o grievance_n by_o a_o free_a parliament_n if_o subject_n have_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o he_o withdraw_v his_o person_n and_o authority_n for_o any_o other_o cause_v but_o to_o avoid_v the_o necessity_n of_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o there_o be_v no_o evidence_n that_o he_o will_v have_v stay_v to_o redress_v all_o grievance_n have_v he_o be_v assure_v of_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o person_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o estate_n have_v great_a reason_n and_o necessity_n to_o do_v as_o they_o do_v to_o declare_v the_o empty_a and_o forsake_a throne_n vacant_a and_o to_o fill_v it_o with_o the_o next_o heir_n it_o be_v certain_a this_o be_v such_o a_o case_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o supreme_a judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o when_o a_o throne_n be_v empty_a by_o what_o mean_v soever_o it_o become_v so_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o to_o consider_v whether_o and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fill_v and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v the_o public_a judgement_n and_o not_o some_o man_n private_a reason_n which_o be_v our_o rule_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v his_o fear_n have_v be_v never_o so_o just_a and_o reasonable_a we_o must_v consider_v who_o bring_v he_o into_o this_o state_n of_o fear_n and_o danger_n for_o if_o the_o gild_n of_o this_o be_v whole_o his_o own_o his_o fear_n be_v no_o better_a excuse_n than_o those_o violent_a and_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o first_o frighten_v the_o whole_a nation_n and_o then_o bring_v these_o fear_n upon_o himself_o what_o he_o have_v already_o do_v justify_v both_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n in_o what_o they_o do_v and_o if_o no_o body_n be_v in_o fault_n but_o himself_o if_o his_o own_o misgovernment_n make_v he_o fear_n and_o his_o fear_n make_v he_o quit_v
can_v oblige_v the_o conscience_n against_o force_n for_o when_o authority_n can_v protect_v it_o can_v command_v civil_a society_n be_v institute_v for_o mutual_a defence_n but_o when_o i_o be_o out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o civil_a authority_n my_o natural_a liberty_n of_o self-defence_n return_v if_o a_o man_n fall_v among_o thief_n he_o may_v make_v the_o best_a term_n with_o they_o for_o his_o life_n that_o he_o can_v and_o no_o law_n can_v deny_v he_o this_o liberty_n for_o self-preservation_n be_v a_o natural_a right_n and_o nature_n be_v superior_a to_o human_a law_n and_o of_o great_a force_n it_o do_v not_o hence_o follow_v that_o the_o mere_a oppression_n of_o government_n restore_v this_o natural_a liberty_n because_o we_o have_v grant_v away_o this_o right_n of_o self-defence_n by_o enter_v into_o society_n and_o god_n have_v take_v it_o away_o by_o forbid_v we_o to_o resist_v authority_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a different_a thing_n to_o defend_v ourselves_o when_o authority_n can_v defend_v we_o and_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o against_o authority_n the_o first_o we_o have_v not_o grant_v away_o the_o second_o be_v against_o the_o fundamental_a reason_n of_o humane_a government_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o society_n suppose_v that_o while_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v secure_v we_o must_v sacrifice_v our_o private_a right_n and_o interest_n to_o public_a peace_n and_o order_n but_o it_o be_v never_o the_o intention_n of_o human_a government_n to_o deny_v man_n the_o right_a of_o self-defence_n when_o authority_n can_v not_o protect_v they_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o slave_n and_o captive_n of_o besiege_a city_n and_o garrison_n who_o have_v a_o natural_a right_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n when_o their_o own_o prince_n can_v relieve_v they_o and_o this_o whole_o wave_v the_o dispute_n about_o authority_n for_o whatever_o authority_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o prince_n his_o authority_n be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o to_o those_o person_n who_o he_o can_v protect_v as_o civil_a society_n themselves_o must_v dissolve_v and_o all_o their_o authority_n end_n when_o they_o can_v defend_v themselves_o and_o when_o any_o subject_n be_v deliver_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o can_v protect_v they_o in_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o they_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o make_v the_o best_a composition_n they_o can_v with_o that_o prince_n in_o who_o power_n they_o be_v and_o to_o become_v his_o subject_n and_o when_o they_o have_v bind_v themselves_o to_o he_o by_o oath_n their_o former_a allegiance_n be_v utter_o extinct_a when_o we_o be_v at_o liberty_n from_o one_o prince_n we_o may_v make_v ourselves_o subject_n to_o another_o and_o when_o we_o have_v do_v so_o we_o can_v owe_v allegiance_n to_o none_o but_o he_o to_o confirm_v all_o this_o i_o observe_v far_o that_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o must_v give_v place_n to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o mean_v such_o law_n as_o from_o the_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o by_o common_a practice_n and_o implicit_a consent_n be_v make_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o justice_n between_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o independent_a state_n now_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n prince_n by_o a_o just_a conquest_n may_v acquire_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o conquer_a prince_n throne_n and_o if_o prince_n may_v acquire_v such_o a_o new_a right_n and_o title_n it_o be_v certain_a subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v own_v such_o a_o new-acquired_n right_o for_o the_o universal_a reason_n of_o mankind_n must_v over-rule_v private_a and_o national_a constitution_n for_o every_o man_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o a_o citizen_n of_o the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o a_o subject_a of_o a_o parricular_a kingdom_n and_o the_o more_o universal_a obligation_n always_o take_v place_n of_o particular_a obligation_n for_o they_o be_v prior_n obligation_n and_o suppose_v in_o that_o which_o be_v particular_a which_o therefore_o can_v derogate_v from_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a if_o a_o prince_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v acquire_v a_o new_a right_n and_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a for_o subject_n to_o own_o his_o right_n nay_o the_o universal_a consent_n and_o practice_n of_o all_o nation_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n have_v make_v this_o the_o stand_a law_n of_o all_o revolution_n to_o submit_v to_o the_o prevail_a power_n even_o when_o there_o be_v no_o pretence_n of_o right_n but_o only_o force_v no_o people_n ever_o scruple_v this_o till_o of_o late_a upon_o principle_n of_o conscience_n though_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o a_o nation_n have_v make_v some_o struggle_n to_o the_o last_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o usurper_n the_o primitive_a christian_n comply_v with_o all_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o never_o dispute_v the_o right_n and_o title_n of_o their_o new_a emperor_n and_o those_o who_o can_v find_v out_o legal_a right_n for_o all_o their_o emperor_n be_v well_o qualify_v if_o they_o so_o please_v to_o be_v advocates-general_a for_o all_o the_o usurper_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n but_o the_o christian_n of_o those_o day_n never_o concern_v themselves_o either_o with_o make_v or_o unmake_v emperor_n but_o take_v they_o as_o they_o find_v they_o and_o believe_v they_o all_o to_o be_v set_v up_o by_o god_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o tertullian_n apology_n the_o christian_a bishop_n of_o those_o day_n submit_v even_o to_o maximus_n himself_o and_o though_o sulpicius_n severus_n tell_v we_o they_o be_v censure_v for_o their_o forward_a and_o flatter_a courtship_n to_o that_o tyrant_n yet_o no_o man_n blame_v they_o for_o their_o bare_a submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o as_o emperor_n which_o st._n martin_n himself_o do_v though_o he_o treat_v he_o at_o first_o with_o a_o monkish_a liberty_n and_o rudeness_n the_o eruption_n of_o goth_n and_o vandal_n furnish_v we_o with_o as_o many_o example_n of_o this_o as_o they_o obtain_v conquest_n for_o there_o be_v no_o christian_n find_v so_o hardy_a in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o dispute_v their_o title_n and_o reserve_v their_o allegiance_n for_o their_o emperor_n and_o to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v as_o constant_o practise_v without_o any_o scruple_n as_o there_o be_v city_n and_o garrison_n besiege_v surrender_a or_o take_v and_o that_o before_o any_o composition_n make_v by_o the_o prince_n who_o subject_n they_o be_v alleg._n the_o duty_n of_o alleg._n as_o a_o late_a author_n insinuate_v contrary_a to_o the_o know_a and_o visible_a daily_a practice_n of_o all_o people_n this_o be_v what_o all_o prince_n expect_v from_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n when_o they_o fall_v into_o their_o power_n by_o the_o success_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o what_o in_o reason_n they_o must_v allow_v their_o own_o and_o such_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o prince_n and_o people_n make_v a_o stand_a law_n for_o revolution_n and_o no_o man_n loyalty_n or_o fidelity_n to_o prince_n ought_v to_o suffer_v even_o in_o opinion_n upon_o this_o account_n nay_o far_o the_o law_n of_o our_o country_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o our_o civil_a government_n can_v never_o oblige_v subject_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o government_n yet_o shall_v these_o jacobite_v principle_n take_v place_n that_o we_o must_v upon_o no_o pretence_n own_o any_o king_n but_o the_o rightful_a lineal_a heir_n while_o he_o be_v live_v many_o case_n may_v so_o happen_v wherein_o subject_n must_v be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o own_v no_o government_n thus_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v whenever_o the_o rightful_a king_n can_v govern_v and_o yet_o no_o body_n else_o must_v when_o he_o be_v conquer_a and_o drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o subject_n must_v not_o own_o the_o conqueror_n though_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o i_o will_v only_o desire_v these_o man_n to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o law_n can_v oblige_v man_n to_o live_v under_o no_o government_n to_o dissolve_v civil_a society_n into_o a_o state_n of_o anarchy_n if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o law_n make_v it_o will_v be_v a_o void_a nay_o a_o impious_a law_n as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n who_o have_v create_v man_n a_o sociable_a creature_n and_o institute_v civil_a society_n for_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v it_o not_o as_o unreasonable_a then_o to_o expound_v any_o law_n to_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v oblige_v subject_n to_o dissolve_v the_o government_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v and_o not_o to_o own_o any_o authority_n but_o force_n whenever_o they_o