and of Soepter in the singular number we may well understand the King before mentioned And however the Pâ—ophetick designation of Monarchical government to succeed as under the notion of Kings as the adopted Father of each Country took not place until Moses but that those that were the natural Fathers of the Tribes and had right of Government by primogeniture continuâ—â— as Princes and Rulers yet their as he was the first that was so stiled being King in Jesâ—uâ—â—â—â— even as the succeeding Judges may be so well called for that in the inter-regnum it is said there was no King in Israâ—l so shall we â—ind Moses again as expresly foretelling that they should have a King as that they should possess the Land For the words to each Promise run absolute Dent. 17. 14. When tâ—â—u art come into the Land which the Lord thy God giveth thee and shâ—lt possess it and shalt dwell therein and shalt say I will set a King over me like all the Nations that are round about me c. It is not said If thou shalt say no such conditional but an express duty or prophecie For the conjunction and here used and shalt possess it and dwell therein and shalt say makes all of them equally certain as certain in the blessing of Kingship as in that of the promised Land it self Of all which I have formerly at large discoursed and have briefly here premised to unprejudice such as are averse to Monarchy or the acknowledgment of the power of Kings in the Church and shall now treat of the Church it self and of its proper cognisance and power in which we shall have farther occasion to assert this Kingly superintendencie CHAP. II. Of the Church Catholick and of the power and jurisdiction of each particular Church and Head thereof THe word Ecclesia or ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which we English Church doth originally import a Company called forth or men met together upon some special occasion But the Scripture treating of Religious matters applies that notion to Meetings made to that end And therefore that Assembly which Demetrius and his Craftsmen made is called by that name But then farther because to be called forth must presuppose some person or persons having power so to do and also to propound and regulate what shall be disputed of or determined in these Assemblies in that respect again we after find that those things which in the former unruly meeting could not be composed are by the Town-Clark promised to be determined in a more lawful Church or assembly to be called according to Authority All Religions agreeing in this truth that without observation of Government and Order both Church and State will quickly run into confusion After Christianity had a while been professed this name by way of excellence was appropriate to them and those of their communion Insomuch as in the beginning thereof and while the Land of Jewry did contain the whole number of Believers or that the Christians there or elswhere had not cast themselves into any proper or distinct forms of regiment all such as stood as well separated from the world as associated amongst themselves by their joint profession of the same faith stood only distinct from the rest of the world by the word Church or Church of Christ Catholickly applied without distinction thereof into parts in respect of any local application But when afterwards they came to be dispersed into several Cities so distant from one another in place and so different in jurisdictions as to require some form of Ecclesiastical discipline to be setled amongst themselves for their more orderly service in their Religion it came then to pass that as those that had begotten them in the faith and been their spiritual fathers and instructors had chief authority herein so were those their Churches and followers distinguished by topical additions as the Church or Saints at Rome at Corinth at Ephesus or the like By the use of the word at such a place and not saying the Church of Rome of Corinth of Ephesus or the like as now we do the Church of Rome England Geneva c we are to conceive that as the first Believers were in respect of this separation from the rest of the world in faith and some religious exercises called by the name of a Church so these in those several Cities wherein they lived were called Saints or Church at such a City and not of as betokening that they were aswel but a part of that City as to civil regiment as also a part of the whole Catholick Church now subordinate to some separate Authority in the exercise of their Religion But then we are to conceive that although this separation of theirs from others of the same City both in their meetings and holy exercises were done in order to their Religion yet was it not the quality of any Religion as such a Religion but difference in rites and form of Worship and in meeting thereabouts from that other Religion which was publikely authorised in that place which made it preserve this name of Church as taken in its proper sense And therefore as before said we shall usually find that the Addition of the Church of God or of Christ is put to distinguish as well as to dignifie it above other religious Congregations that were not such And upon this reason it is that we never read in the Scripture that the the word Church is applied to the Jews although they were a Nation separate from all the rest of the world both in their Religion it self and in the Ceremonies thereof even for that it was all one and the same with that which the publick Authority of that place did appoint and allow Whereas when Christianity first began amongst them the first Professors thereof being but subordinately divided were set down as a Church or Congregation of men in that respect separate saying The Church or Church of Christ which is at Jerusalem Which being considered we need not wonder why S. Paul should proceed to no higher punishment then that of Excommunication against a Blasphemer or an incestuous person or the like who by the very heinousness and nature of their sins might be presumed not greatly desirous of their Communion even for that it was at that time all the punishment he or other Heads of Churches could inflict wanting as before noted all coercive jurisdiction Upon which ground again we find not that the Jews did ever exercise this kind of punishment while they continued masters of their own soveraignty but comprising all offences under the same Law they punished transgressions of all sorts as breaches thereof when yet afterward in the time of our Saviour that the supreme power was in the hand of the Romans we find them both threatening and actually thrusting men out of their Synagogues But however such notorious sinners as those might in the infancie of Christianity set lightly of any Church-censure in that kind yet with the
to hold Sacriledge to be Gods Service Unfaithfulness and breach of promise to God to give it to a strumpet to be a vertue to abandon fasting to abhor consession to mislike Penance to like well of Usury to charge none with restitution to find no good before God in single life nor in no well working that all men as they fall to us are much worsed and more then aforecorrupted 28. Now to my thinking we are again fallen into that unhappy condition as to have the same or much like faults and scandals laid to the charge as well of those that are in Soveraign power as of those that follow them by such as out of like zeal to former publike usage and establishment are ready upon the same arguments to turn Recusants to the present Orders of this Church and yet to continue Recusants to the Popish Communion too Not well considering how that as in one case they must against our change make use of their Arguments so will they then be disâ— furnished of replyes to them for that change by the Church of England formerly made when a greater number of Ceremonies and those of a more general approbation and longer continuance in this Church were by the authority of the Civill Magistrate as they call him taken away and this form which they now cleave unto put in the place thereof And least any should object like them nullity and invalidity to our Church or her authority through some scruple of the lawfulnesse and calling of our present Pastors and Ministers in the exercise of their Functions because of the want of some Forms and Ceremonies heretofore appointed to be used in their Ordination before they were permitted to preach or administer and consequently think it unlawfull to hear or receive at their hands we shall finde him of another minde nay though they were not at all in Orders or claimed any mission from Authority For he saith lib. 5. fol 227. Nature as much as possible inclineth to validities and preservations dissolutions and nullities of things done are not onely not savoured but hated when either urged without cause or extended beyond their reach If therefore at any time it come to passe that in teaching publiquely or privately in delivering this blessed Sacrament of regeneration some unsanctified hand contrary to Christs supposed Ordinances do intrude it self to others which of these two Opinions seem more agreeable with equity ours that disallow what is done amisse yet make not the force of the Word and Sacraments much lesse their nature and very substance to depend on the Ministers Authority and Calling or else theirs which defeat disanull and annihilate both in respect of that one onely personal defect there being not any Law of God which faith That if the Minister be incompetent his word shall be no word his Baptisme no Baptisme He which teacheth and is not sent loseth the reward but yet retaineth the name of a teacher his usurped actions have in him the same nature which they have in others although they yeeld him not the same comfort And if these two cases be peers the case of Doctrine and the case of Baptism both alike sith no defect in their Vocation that teach the truth is able to take away this benefit thereof from him which heareth wherefore should the want of a lawfull calling in them that bapitze make Baptism vain And again fol. 332 The Grace of Baptisme cometh by donation from God alone that God hath committed the Ministery of Baptisme unto speciall men it is for Orders sake in his Church and not to the end that their Authority might give being or adde force to the Sacrament it self That Infants have right to the Sacrament of Baptism we all acknowledge Charge them we cannot as guilesull and wrongful possessors of that whereunto they have right by the manifest will of the Donor and are not parties unto any defect or disorder in the manner of receiving the same And if any such disorder be we have sufficiently before declared that Delictum cum capite semper ambulat Mens own faul's are their own harms Wherefore to countervail this and the like mis chosen resemblances with that which more truly and plainly agreeth The Ordinance of God concerning their vocation that minister Baptisme wherein the Mystery of our regeneration is wrought hath thereunto the same Analogy which Laws of wedlock have to our first nativity and birth So that if nature do effect Procreation notwithstanding the wicked violation and breach of Natures law made that the entrance of all mankind into this present world might be without blemish may we not justly presume that Grace doth accomplish the other although there be faultiness in them which transgress the order which our Lord Jesus Christ hath established in his Church And afterwards again lib. 5. fol. 448. That therefore wherein a Minister differeth from other Christian men is not as some have childishly imagined the sound preaching of the Word of God but as they are lawfully and truly Governors to whom authority of regiment is given in the Common-wealth according to the order which Polity hath set so Canonical ordination in the Church of Christ is that which maketh a lawful Minister as touching the validity of any act which appertaineth to the vocation The cause why S. Paul willed Timothy not to be overhasty in ordaining Ministers was as we very well may conjecture because Imposition of hands doth consecrate and make them Ministers whether they have gifts and qualities fit for the laudable discharge of their duties or no. If want of Learning and skill to preach did frustrate their Vocation Ministers ordained before they be grown unto that maturity should receive new Ordination whensoever it chanceth that study and industry doth make them afterwards more able to perform the office then which what conceit can be more absurd 29. By those words of his That wherein a Minister differeth from other men is as they are lawsully and truly Governors to whom authority of Regiment is given in the Commonwealth according to the order which Polity hath set we may find him 〈…〉 against their judgments that would make Canonical ordination and the validity of any act appertaining to the vocation to depend on any separate Ecclesiastick authority And when again he is saying that they are lawfully and truly Governors to whom authority of Regiment is given in the Commonwealth according to the Order which Polity hath set we may presume by the words are is and hath he means that present Power and those present Overseers which the Holy Ghost or Divine Providence hath placed over them as sons of David as was by him before rehearsed and so making him the lawful Governor whom the present Polity or Law hath set For if he should admit other question of his lawfulness by saying whom Polity should set or the like he should then overthrow that course before sâ—t down in determining the lawfulness of Ministers sent by
But shall your Church lye fallow till that Infant King or green head of the Church come to years of discretion Do your Bishops your â—ierarchy your succession your Sacraments your being or not being Hereticks for want of Succession depend on this new found Supremacy-doctrine brought in by such a man meerly upon base occasions and for shamefull ends Impugned by Calvin and his followers derided by the Christian world and even by chief Protestants as Doctor Andrews Wâ—tton c not held any necessary point of Faith And from whom I pray you had Bishops their authority when there were no Christian Kings Must the Greek Patriarchs receive spiritual jurisdiction from the Greek Turk Did the Pope by the baptism of Princes lose the spiritual power he formerly had of conferring spiritual jurisdiction upon Bishops Hath the Temporal Magistrate authority to preach to assoil from sins to inflict Excommunications and other censures Why hath he not power to excommunicate as well as to dispense in irregularity as our late Soveraign Lord King James either dispensed with the late Archbishop of Canterbury or else gave Commission to some Bishops to do it And since they were subject to the Primate and not he to them it is cleer that they had no power to dispense with him but that power must proceed from the Prince as superior to them all and Head in the Protestants Church in England If we have no such authority how can he give to others what himself hath not Your Ordination or Conseâ—ration of Bishops and Priests imprinting no character can only consist in giving a power authority jurisdiction or as I said before Episcopal or Priestly functions If then the temporal Magistrate confers this power c. he can nay he cannot chuse but ordain and consecrate Bishops and Priests as often as he confers authority or jurisdiction and your Bishops as soon as they are designed and confirmed by the King must ipso facto be ordained and consecrated by him without intervention of Bishops or matter and form of Ordination Which absurdities you will be more unwilling to grant then well able to avoid if you be true to your own doctrines The Pope from whom originally you must beg your succession of Bishops never received nor will nor can acknowledg to receive any spiritual jurisdiction from any temporal Prince And therefore if jurisdiction must be derived from Princes he hath none at all and yet either you must acknowledg that he hath spiritual jurisdiction or that your selves can receive none from him And afterwards again sect 22. he saith But besides this defect in the personal succession of Protestant Bishops there is another of great moment which is that they want the right form of ordaining Bishops and Priests because the manner which they use is so much different from the Roman Church at least according to the common opinion of Divines that it cannot be sufficient for the essence of Ordination as I could demonstrate if this were the proper place of such a Treatise and will not fail to do if D. Potter give me occasion In the mean time the Reader may be pleased to read the Author cited here in the margent and then compare our form of Ordination with that of Protestants and to remember that if the form which they use either in consecrating Bishops or in ordaining Priests be at least doubtful they can never have undoubted Priests nor Bishops For Priests cannot be ordained but by true Bishops nor can any be true Bishop unless he be at first Priest I say their Ordination is at least doubtful because that sufficeth for my present purpose For Bishops and Priests whose Ordination is notoriously known to be but doubtful are not to be esteemed Bishops or Priests and no man without sacrilege can receive Sacraments from them all which they administer unlawfully And if we except Baptism with manifest danger of invalidity and with obligation to be at least conditionally repeated so Protestants must remain doubtful of Remission of sins of their Ecclesiastical Hierarchy and may not pretend to be a true Church which cannot subsist without undoubted true Bishops and Priests nor without due administration of Sacraments which according to Protestants is an essential note of the true Church And it is a world to observe the proceeding of English Protestants in this point of their Ordination For first An. 3 Ed. 6. cap. 2. when he was a Child about twelve years of age it was enacted That such a form of making and consecrating of Bishops and Priests as by six Prelates and six other to be appointed by the King should be devised Mark well this word devised and set forth under the Great Seal should be used and none other But after this Act was repealed 1 Mar. Sess 2. Insomuch as that when afterwards An. 6 7 Regin Eliz. Bishop Bonner being indicted upon a Certificate made by Doctor Horn a Protestant Bishop of Winchester for his refusal of the Oath of Supremacie and excepting against the Indictment because Dr. Horn was no Bishop they were all at a stand till An. 8 Eliz. cap. 1. the Act of Ed. 6. was renewed and confirmed with a particular Proviso That no man should be impreached or molested by means of any Certificate by any Bishop or Archbishop made before this last Act whereby it is cleer that they made some doubt of their own Ordination and that there is nothing but uncertainty in the whole business of their Ordination which forsooth must depend on six Prelates the Great Seal Acts of Parliament being contrary one to another and the like So that you see all along the authority and interposition of the Magistrate is scoffed at and by them made ineffectual in the ordering of the affairs of the Church nay the Church must be no Church if not wholly and independently governed by the Clergy and a Clergy too that do particularly derive their Ordination and power from a forein Head and according to Rights and Ceremonies then abolished If none but true Priests can administer the Sacraments nor none but true Bishops make true Priests nor none but the Pope make true Bishops but that the authority of the Magistrate doth interpose why then no true Sacraments nor no true Church by their doctrine And to that purpose he doth put a mark upon the word devised as deriding the Civil power therein 38. If we shall add to this what was before him observed by Father Parsons concerning the institution of the Service-book and objected against the validity and use of it as well as the power to abolish their Mass and other Ceremonies it will make us wary in condemning less Alterations now made by a greater Power while yet we shall commend conformity to a less Power in a matter of greater alteration For he alleadgeth in his Book of the Three Conversions of England par 2. chap. 12. sect 25. That the Reformation and Service-book were made by the then Protector to Edward the
him and leave no setled way for Peace or Order He is therefore to be understood as concluding that as the lawfulness of inferior Powers must for Peace and Orders sake depend on him who alone is to be held the lawful and true Governor to this end so his can depend on none but God But of this more hereafter 30. In the mean time it is to me a wonder how those that do now so much insist upon the necessity of their agreement with that Doctrine and Discipline which was formerly set down by the Church of England amongst which the frequent use of Sermons and Saâ—raments were set down as duties necessary to our Christian profession if not salvation can now be so much changed from their first principles as to decline those means and instruments which by the providence of God are for the present sent us to that very end and that only for want of such like formality of induction or institution which the Rule of the Church or State did in that case formerly appoint and can now even while they do profess their constancie in the same belief go about to perswade against effectualness of administration either in one kind or other through any such like objection More likely to my thinking it should follow that since there is such a great necessity still remaining in the frequent use of these things and since such manner of ordination induction and other qualifications as they themselves have received can only warrant men to be right hearers or receivers that therefore it is incumbent on them as a necessary duty to be doing hereof for fear of that sentence Wo if I preach not 31. In which case if we shall compare the cause and prosecution of Nonconformists now in their scandal in matters of abridgment with those exceptions and that demeanor therein which the former Nonconformists made against the Churches too great imposition in that kind we may as I conceive attribute more reason and Christian charity and moderation to them than these For amongst them it was held for a Maxim That they would rather preach in a Fools coat then be deprived of that benefit which might come by their Ministry and preaching And this the discreeter and more moderate sort did although the doing of a thing conceived to be unlawful by the Law of God be more to be scrupled at then the forbearance of a thing held lawful by the authority of the Church which in the condition they then stood in would not suffer them to be Preachers without actual use of the Surplice or the like whereas amongst us neither subscription nor use of any thing in the like kind is by present Authority enjoined 32. And as for those that so much stand upon the former institutions of the Service-book and other Rites and Ceremonies if we should have respect only to abolished Laws yet do I not find that it is any where said that no Sermon or Sacrament shall at any time be held lawfully or effectually made or done when these shall not be also used But the intention of the Act of Vniformity as an Act of Vniformity must be construed that in the times appointed for the use of such like things that then for preservation of peace and uniformity in the Church none other but those shall be used Doth the Act any where say or can any presume it did mean that no man should preach at any time a Sermon or come to hear others do so unless at the same time the Service-book or part of it were read No certainly if we consider the injunction as to persons it will be plain it lies not upon Preachers as Preachers but upon such as had fixed ministerial charge in delivering of the Sacraments or the like to the which the Book had chief reference and not enjoined on them neither if they had Vicars or Curates to do it It is not said if any Preacher Pastor or Lecturer shall refuse nor was ever so construed For experience tells us that never any did do it when they preached if they could have it conveniently omitted or done by others being while the Law was in force seldom read by Bishop Dean or Doctor but left to those of inferior sort however now it be pressed as necessary 33. And if we consider the intent of the words directing to the use of this Book or Form they must be construed by way of seclusion of all other Which will be manifest to such unprejudiced persons as shall consider how the whole scope of the Act doth condemn such as did by speech or action derogate or deprave against the use of the Service-book or Ceremonies as unfit or unlawful and not those that did approve them And therefore it prescribes no punishment to such as in obedience to Authority do against their own liking forbear to use or hear it but such as notwithstanding the authority of the Church do refuse it out of contempt of their power or better liking to some other form saying If any manner of Parson Vicar or other Minister whatsoever that ought or should sing or say Common Prayer mentioned in the said Book or minister the Sacraments from and after the Feast of the Nativity of St. John Baptist next coming refuse to use the said Common-Prayer or to minister the Sacraments in such Cathedral or Parish-Church or other places as he should use to minister the same in such order and form as they be mentioned and set forth in the said Book or shall wilfully and obstinately standing in the same use any other Rite Ceremony order form or manner of celebrating the Lords Supper openly or privily or Mattens Evensong Administration of the Sacraments or other open prayers then is mentioned and set forth in the said Book c. But then again in case they do not refuse but have been willing and made offer of doing it and have been by others disturbed in the use of that or made to use another why then by the judgment of that very Act they are not comprised in any blame But the punishment laid on such as should by open fact deed or by open threatenings compel or cause or otherwise procure or maintain any Parson Vicar or other Minister in any Cathedral or Parish-Church or in Chappel or in any other place to sing or say any Common or open Prayer or to minister any Sacrament otherwise or in any other manner and form then is mentioned in the said Book or by any of the said means shall unlawfully interrupt or let any Parson Vicar or other Minister in any Cathedral or Parish-Church Chappel or any other place to sing or say any Common and open Prayer or to minister the Sacraments or any of them in such manner and form as is mentioned in the said Book that then every such person being lawfully convicted in form abovesaid shall forfeit to the Queen our Soveraign Lady her heirs and successors for the first offence an hundred
sixth who it is well known had no such power and soveraignty in himself as our present Protector hath And to this end he saith And now Candles Ashes and Images being gone as you see there followed in the next moneth after to wit March that the Protector still desiring to go forward with his designment of alteration sent abroad a Proclamation in the Kings name with a certain Communion-book in English to be used for administration of Sacraments in stead of the Mass-book But whether it was the very same that was rejected a little before in the Parliament or another patched up afterward or the same mended or altered is not so cleer But great care there was had by the Protector and his adherents that this Book should be admited and put in practice presently even before it was allowed in Parliament To which effect Fox setteth down a large Letter of the Council to all Bishops exhorting and commanding them in the Kings name to admit and put in practice this Book We have thought good say they to pray and require your Lordships and nevertheless in the Kings Majesties our most dread Lords name to command you to have a diligent earnest and careful respect to cause these Books to be delivered to every Parson Vicar and Curate within your Diocese with such diligence as they may have sufficient time well to instruct and advise themselves for the distribution of the most holy Communion according to the Order of this Book before this Easter time c. praying you to consider that this Order is set forth to the intent there should be in all parts of the Realm one uniform manner quietly used To the execution whereof we do eftsoons require you to have a diligent respect as you tender the Kings Majesties pleasure and will answer to the contrary c. From Westminster the 13. of March 1548. By all which and by much more that might be alleadged it is evident that all that was hitherto done against Catholick Religion for these first two years until the second Parliament was done by private authority of the Protector and his adherents before Law and against Law c. 40. And if we look farther into the Preamble of the first Statute that confirmed this Book by him also set down a little after sect 35. we may find that the said Book was appointed first for Uniformity and next that it or some other had been set on foot before by the Lord Protector in the Kings name The words are Where of long time saith the Act there hath been in this Realm of England divers Forms of Common-Prayer commonly called the Service of the Church as well concerning Mattens and Evensong as also the whole Communion called the Mass c. And where the Kings Majesty with the advice of his most entirely beloved Vncle the Lord Protector and others of his Highness Council hath heretofore divers times assayed to stay Innovations or new Rites concerning the premisses yet the same hath not had such good success as his Highness required in that behalf Whereupon his Highness by the most prudent advice aforesaid being pleased to bear with the frailty and weakness of his Subjects in that behalf of his great clemencie hath not been only content to abstain from punishment in that behalf but also to the intent that an uniform quiet and godly order should be had concerning the premisses hath appointed the Archbishop of Canterbury and certain of the most learned and discreet Bishops to consider and ponder the premisses and thereupon having as well an eye and respect to the most sincere and pure Christian Religion taught by the Scriptures as the usages of the Primitive Church should draw and make one convenient and meet order rite and fashion of Common-Prayer and administration of Sacraments to be used in England Wales c. The which at this time by the aid of the Holy Ghost with uniform agreement is of them concluded set forth and delivered to his Highness great comfort and quietness of mind in a Book entituled The Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of Sacraments c. Now truly I cannot for my part see how we can make either the first Imposition or receipt of this Book lawfull if we stick not to our main principle in acknowledging the present supream Christian Magistrate to be head of the Church which doubtless the Protector was in the non-age of the King And if those elder Reformed Protestants amongst us did well to conform to this authority in abolition of the Masse and other very ancient services and that notwithstanding the Book had been by Parliament already rejected there seems to me great reason to conform to what an Act of Parliament and a Protector of more power hath determined concerning another alteration of this kinde To think that the Book or the Ceremonies thereby appointed had of themselves separate from that Authority by which they were devised and imimposed any such inherent and divine worth as for their own sake to claim admittance and continuance were plainly to contradict the act it self and the Stories of those times which tell us by whom it was made and by whom commanded and it doth plainly cross the judgement of Mr. Hooker himself who in his answer to Mr. Travers fol. 471. may be found giving sentence for indifferency in the use of these things as in themselves by the instance of kneeling sitting or walking at receiving of Sacraments his words are An order as I learn there was tendred that Communicants should neither kneel as in the most places of the Realm nor sit as in this place the custome is but walk to the one side of the Table and there standing till they had received passe afterwards away round about by the other which being on a sudden begun to be practised in the Church some sat wondring what it should mean others deliberating what to do till such time as at length by name one of them being called openly thereunto requested that they might do as they had been accustomed which was granted and as Master Travers had administred his way to the rest so a Curate was sent to minister to them after their way which unprosperous beginning of a thing saving onely for the inconvenience of needless alterations otherwise harmless did so disgrace that order in their conceit who had to allow or disallow it that it took no place Was there indifferency and harmlesness in the use of these things then and now they onely inconvenient as causing distraction and scandall to the generality of other receivers and could Master Hooker record without censure the custome of that Congregation whereof he was Minister in receiving of the Communion sitting and for ought appears gave it so to them himself whereas yet the Service Book had appointed it kneeling and shall we now think of any inherent divine worâ—â—in the things themselves No sure this would but too plainly argue them guilty of Superstition that so maintain