rectitude_n lib._n 13._o method_n cap._n 5._o whereas_o the_o hand_n be_v ill_o affect_v he_o scarify_v crura_fw-la the_o thigh_n and_o one_o of_o the_o thigh_n ill_o affect_v he_o scarify_v the_o other_o thigh_n that_o be_v well_o the_o solution_n galen_n in_o his_o practice_n observe_v rectitude_n of_o member_n for_o there_o be_v a_o common_a and_o direct_a society_n of_o the_o vein_n so_o that_o the_o open_n of_o the_o left_a thigh_n which_o draw_v blood_n from_o the_o right_n for_o both_o the_o thigh_n receive_v blood_n from_o the_o hollow_a vein_n call_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la avicen_n in_o 4._o primi_fw-la 1._o deliver_v two_o rule_n not_o to_o be_v neglect_v in_o revulsion_n first_o that_o if_o in_o the_o member_n from_o which_o we_o will_v pull_v back_o there_o be_v great_a pain_n the_o pain_n must_v be_v assuage_v before_o we_o make_v revulsion_n otherwise_o the_o dolour_n great_o attract_v and_o we_o also_o draw_v back_o with_o revulsion_n the_o humour_n to_o some_o other_o part_n there_o will_v be_v too_o great_a a_o contention_n and_o a_o excessive_a move_n of_o the_o matter_n whereby_o the_o body_n may_v receive_v much_o hurt_n his_o second_o rule_n be_v that_o when_o we_o pull_v back_o the_o passage_n must_v not_o be_v thwart_o any_o principal_a member_n if_o any_o ambiguity_n arise_v concern_v this_o rule_n because_o hippocrates_n be_v say_v before_o in_o ache_n of_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n to_o open_v a_o vein_n in_o the_o forepart_n we_o answer_v that_o the_o same_o passage_n be_v not_o make_v upon_o a_o principal_a member_n to_o wit_n the_o brain_n we_o also_o affirm_v that_o the_o passage_n may_v be_v by_o a_o veyn_n of_o a_o principal_a member_n though_o not_o by_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o say_a member_n for_o the_o flux_n do_v not_o abide_v or_o rest_n in_o the_o brain_n as_o in_o termino_fw-la in_o his_o bound_n or_o limit_v therefore_o i_o counceil_v ag_fw-mi ine_z and_o again_o because_o many_o be_v kill_v through_o the_o unskilfulnes_n of_o practisioner_n in_o this_o point_n at_o some_o of_o who_o death_n i_o have_v my_o seife_n be_v present_a in_o a_o pleurisy_n of_o the_o right_a side_n open_v a_o vein_n in_o the_o right_a arm_n otherwise_o the_o hart_n be_v situate_a in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o right_a side_n and_o the_o left_a the_o passage_n shall_v be_v upon_o a_o principal_a member_n namely_o the_o heart_n and_o hitherto_o chiefeiy_a of_o revulsion_n parocheteusis_n in_o greek_a derivatio_fw-la in_o latin_a in_o english_a derivation_n or_o pull_v aside_o be_v define_v a_o draw_v of_o the_o flow_a humour_n to_o the_o next_o part_n it_o be_v do_v by_o open_v that_o vain_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o very_a member_n affect_v and_o whereby_o also_o sometime_o that_o member_n receive_v nourishment_n but_o now_o the_o ill_a juice_n flow_v and_o that_o vein_n open_v the_o grieve_a part_n be_v present_o disburden_v this_o practice_n be_v profitable_o use_v after_o rewlsion_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o inflammation_n when_o the_o matter_n be_v now_o in_o fluxion_n &_o move_a blood_n be_v to_o be_v withdraw_v from_o some_o far_o distant_a place_n according_a to_o rectitude_n after_o that_o evacuation_n must_v be_v make_v from_o the_o affect_a part_n when_o the_o matter_n be_v come_v thither_o and_o there_o settle_v and_o abide_v then_o detract_v blood_n either_o from_o the_o affect_a part_n or_o very_o near_o unto_o it_o and_o this_o be_v call_v parocheteusis_n derivatio_fw-la we_o make_v derivation_n from_o the_o member_n affect_v when_o the_o same_o be_v not_o any_o noble_a or_o principal_a member_n and_o this_o be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o manifest_o and_o sensible_o by_o scarification_n or_o box_v or_o immanifest_o by_o evaporation_n as_o galen_n show_v lib._n artis_fw-la med._n cap._n 95._o but_o that_o deduction_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o next_o part_n be_v most_o proper_o call_v derivation_n thus_o to_o stay_v blood_n at_o the_o mouth_n we_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o near_a part_n and_o provoke_v bleed_v at_o the_o nose_n so_o in_o woman_n in_o flux_n of_o hemorroid_v we_o stay_v they_o in_o provoke_v menstrua_fw-la i._o their_o natural_a term_n thus_o in_o inflammation_n of_o the_o mouth_n we_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o nose_n so_o in_o angina_fw-la open_v the_o vein_n in_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o vein_n under_o the_o tongue_n we_o make_v derivation_n to_o the_o next_o place_n so_o in_o affect_n of_o the_o gut_n we_o do_v not_o provoke_v to_o stole_n but_o draw_v it_o to_o the_o next_o part_n provoke_v either_o urine_n or_o sweat_n so_o in_o disease_n of_o the_o reins_n we_o provoke_v not_o urine_n but_o draw_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o next_o member_n namely_o the_o bowel_n we_o provoke_v to_o stool_n but_o here_o arise_v a_o doubt_n how_o the_o reins_n can_v be_v purge_v by_o siege_n see_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a way_n or_o passage_n know_v from_o the_o rain_v thither_o to_o answer_v this_o we_o have_v but_o authority_n as_o namely_o of_o galen_n and_o hippocra_n galen_n affirm_v in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr method_n chap._n 13._o that_o the_o reins_n bladder_n and_o bounch_v of_o the_o liver_n call_v gibba_fw-la jerinoris_fw-la be_v purge_v by_o siege_n and_o experience_n show_v that_o when_o the_o belly_n be_v solluble_a and_o laxative_a the_o urine_n be_v the_o less_o hippo._n say_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o aphorism_n aphorismo_fw-la ultimo_fw-la that_o much_o urine_n make_v by_o night_n show_v little_a siege_n you_o have_v hear_v before_o that_o derivasion_n be_v use_v after_o revulsion_n when_o the_o force_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v stay_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o inflammation_n be_v lay_v when_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o any_o other_o inflammation_n likely_a to_o ensue_v and_o also_o when_o the_o humour_n be_v yet_o moist_a and_o liquid_a in_o the_o member_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v return_v but_o if_o you_o suppose_v the_o humour_n to_o be_v stuff_v in_o the_o member_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o return_v which_o often_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o continual_a old_a inflammation_n in_o which_o hear_v apostumate_v relic_n remain_v in_o this_o case_n when_o you_o open_v the_o vein_n use_v no_o derivation_n but_o fomentation_n or_o bathing_n and_o emplaster_n to_o digest_v and_o mollesie_v wherewith_o if_o the_o humour_n can_v be_v dissolve_v the_o member_n not_o be_v principal_a neither_o any_o great_a pain_n there_o feel_v the_o affect_a place_n may_v be_v lance_v and_o the_o humour_n bring_v forth_o special_o if_o the_o same_o be_v contagious_a that_o it_o infect_v and_o hurt_v the_o member_n adjacent_a which_o practice_n though_o proper_o it_o can_v be_v call_v derivation_n yet_o it_o may_v stand_v in_o steed_n thereof_o whether_o purgation_n by_o siege_n or_o inward_a medicine_n receive_v can_v or_o may_v not_o evacuate_v the_o blood_n and_o thereason_n answer_v that_o be_v bring_v for_o proof_n thereof_o chap._n 7._o it_o seem_v that_o a_o inward_a receipt_n sufficient_o evacuate_a blood_n by_o siege_n may_v be_v both_o find_v and_o use_v by_o isaacus_n who_o in_o 1._o viâ—tici_fw-la in_o the_o chapter_n of_o cephalaea_n passio_fw-la affirm_v quae_fw-la prosunt_fw-la cholerae_fw-la prosunt_fw-la &_o sangaini_fw-la those_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a for_o choler_n be_v good_a for_o blood_n but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o we_o have_v evacuate_a receipt_n for_o choler_n therefore_o by_o the_o foresay_a authority_n the_o same_o be_v also_o good_a and_o profitable_a to_o evacuate_v blood_n second_o there_o be_v receipt_n to_o evacuate_v other_o humour_n as_o choler_n flewme_n and_o melancholy_a therefore_o also_o there_o be_v to_o evacuate_v blood_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a humour_n three_o avicen_n in_o 2._o affirm_v pulpam_fw-la evacuare_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la that_o the_o pulp_n of_o coloquintidae_fw-la evacuate_v the_o blood_n four_o haly_n supra_fw-la tegni_fw-la affirm_v that_o galen_n cause_v one_o to_o be_v hang_v that_o give_v a_o receipt_n to_o evacuate_v blood_n therefore_o there_o be_v such_o a_o receipt_n then_o and_o may_v be_v now_o the_o contrary_a to_o these_o objection_n be_v set_v down_o by_o galon_n that_o no_o receipt_n evacuate_v the_o blood_n or_o humour_n iâ—_n the_o vein_n but_o phlebotomy_n only_o a_o second_o question_n here_o may_v be_v move_v whether_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o receipt_n find_v the_o same_o may_v be_v administer_v or_o not_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o may_v because_o when_o other_o humour_n offend_v we_o evacuate_v they_o by_o medicine_n therefore_o it_o seem_v we_o may_v so_o do_v when_o blood_n offend_v the_o contrary_a to_o this_o be_v set_v down_o by_o haly_n aforesaid_a and_o warrant_v by_o galens_n authority_n who_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hang_v for_o so_o do_v for_o solution_n hereof_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o although_o a_o medicine_n evacuate_v blood_n may_v be_v
find_v out_o yet_o the_o same_o may_v not_o be_v use_v the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o such_o a_o medicine_n special_o or_o rather_o altogether_o respect_v the_o blood_n will_v neither_o evacuate_v nor_o attract_v blood_n as_o the_o other_o humour_n be_v evacuate_v with_o their_o own_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a receipt_n yea_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o it_o do_v evacuate_v blood_n as_o pulpa_fw-la colocynthidis_fw-la do_v according_a to_o avicen_n without_o doubt_n it_o evacuate_v thaâ—_n blood_n which_o shall_v be_v still_o retain_v for_o the_o good_a health_n of_o man_n body_n serapio_n say_v that_o the_o impropriate_a or_o improper_a humour_n of_o a_o receipt_n be_v soon_o thereby_o evacuate_v then_o the_o proper_a humour_n whereof_o he_o render_v a_o reason_n namely_o that_o the_o proper_a humour_n to_o a_o receipt_n be_v the_o best_a belove_a to_o the_o receipt_n whereby_o say_v he_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o improper_a humour_n be_v soon_o for_o saken_a of_o nature_n than_o the_o proper_a the_o humour_n improper_a be_v quick_o draw_v to_o the_o receipt_n and_o thereby_o soon_o expel_v whereas_o the_o humour_n call_v proper_a which_o the_o medicine_n most_o proper_o respect_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o belove_a friend_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a child_n to_o the_o evacuate_a receipt_n and_o therefore_o be_v still_o rather_o retain_v than_o expel_v by_o this_o reason_n oâ—_n serapio_n forasmuch_o as_o blood_n be_v nature_n darling_n &_o more_o help_a than_o the_o other_o humour_n which_o be_v but_o superfluity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o blood_n if_o there_o be_v a_o receipt_n evacuate_v &_o respect_v blood_n &_o that_o the_o same_o be_v administer_v the_o other_o humour_n will_v be_v attract_v &_o cuacuate_v before_o the_o blood_n and_o so_o great_a hurt_n ensue_v to_o the_o body_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o only_a blood_n offend_v which_o be_v not_o perhaps_o altogether_o true_a yet_o neither_o shall_v the_o bloâ—_n alone_o be_v evacuate_v as_o now_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v again_o according_a to_o the_o philosopher_n 4._o de_fw-la animalibus_fw-la we_o be_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o right_a way_n and_o not_o to_o seek_v crooked_a way_n now_o open_v a_o vein_n be_v the_o right_a &_o safe_a way_n to_o evacuate_v blood_n than_o medicine_n for_o phlebotomy_n evacuate_v all_o humour_n at_o once_o &_o principal_o the_o blood_n which_o most_o of_o all_o abound_v in_o the_o vein_n and_o this_o thing_n medicine_n can_v do_v again_o evacuation_n be_v do_v for_o two_o cause_n either_o for_o to_o remove_v the_o abundance_n of_o the_o humour_n or_o to_o take_v away_o the_o corrupt_a quality_n of_o the_o homor_n so_o evacuation_n of_o blood_n be_v practise_v either_o because_o it_o abound_v in_o quantity_n or_o offend_v in_o quality_n if_o we_o open_v a_o vein_n because_o blood_n abound_v in_o quantity_n then_o in_o like_a sort_n there_o be_v also_o abundance_n of_o other_o humour_n for_o abundanceof_o blood_n come_v through_o good_a nutriment_n cause_v bonum_fw-la chymun_n i_o good_a â—uce_n proceed_v of_o meat_n digest_v which_o do_v not_o only_o bring_v repletion_n of_o blood_n but_o also_o of_o other_o humour_n as_o helper_n unto_o blood_n therefore_o when_o blood_n thus_o abound_v in_o quantity_n with_o other_o humour_n it_o be_v better_a to_o evacuat_v they_o by_o phlebotomy_n than_o by_o receipt_n if_o evacuation_n of_o blood_n be_v make_v for_o that_o it_o corrupt_v in_o the_o vein_n then_o by_o reason_n it_o corrupt_v the_o other_o humour_n also_o see_v blood_n be_v more_o abound_v in_o quantity_n than_o be_v the_o other_o humour_n whereupon_o galen_n say_v that_o in_o the_o fever_n sinocha_n there_o be_v corruption_n of_o all_o the_o humour_n &_o in_o all_o the_o vein_n &_o therefore_o blood_n be_v never_o to_o be_v evacuate_v without_o the_o other_o humour_n together_o now_o other_o humour_n may_v superfluous_o abound_v &_o be_v corrupt_v in_o quality_n without_o the_o blood_n and_o so_o consequent_o may_v be_v evacuate_v without_o blood_n by_o inward_a medicine_n so_o that_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o other_o humour_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o be_v evacuate_v and_o unnatural_a so_o to_o evacuate_v blood_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o haly_n upon_o galens_n authority_n affirm_v that_o galen_n cause_v one_o to_o be_v hang_v which_o evacuate_v blood_n by_o inward_a receipt_n to_o the_o former_a objection_n therefore_o we_o answer_v thus_o isaac_n his_o say_n quod_fw-la prodest_fw-la choleri_fw-la prodest_fw-la sanguini_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o of_o evacuate_a medicine_n but_o of_o alter_v receipt_n as_o thus_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o alter_v choler_n and_o to_o extinguish_v the_o amity_n thereof_o they_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o alteration_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o we_o may_v understand_v it_o of_o evacuation_n and_o expound_v it_o thus_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v profitable_a to_o evacuate_v choler_n be_v profitable_a to_o mundefie_v the_o blood_n because_o by_o evacuation_n of_o choler_n blood_n be_v mundefy_v and_o cleanse_v to_o the_o second_o we_o answer_v that_o this_o argument_n blood_n be_v naught_o and_o offend_v as_o do_v other_o humour_n therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o evacuate_v the_o same_o by_o medicine_n as_o other_o homor_n offend_v be_v evacuate_v this_o be_v a_o fallax_fw-la of_o the_o consequent_a or_o rather_o figurae_fw-la dictionis_fw-la for_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o if_o blood_n offend_v it_o must_v be_v evacuate_v by_o inward_a medicine_n because_o the_o same_o may_v better_o and_o more_o safe_o be_v do_v otherwise_o namely_o by_o phlebotomy_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v for_o answer_v to_o the_o second_o doubt_v before_o move_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o the_o three_o may_v be_v say_v that_o pulpa_fw-la be_v forcible_a it_o great_o debilitate_v the_o member_n and_o therefore_o when_o blood_n be_v superfluous_a it_o lose_v and_o evacuate_v the_o same_o and_o let_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o member_n to_o pass_v away_o but_o it_o do_v not_o attract_v the_o blood_n and_o this_o be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o the_o body_n of_o man_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o premise_n where_o note_n that_o although_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o this_o chapter_n that_o blood_n be_v not_o to_o be_v evacuate_v by_o siege_n as_o other_o humour_n be_v which_o flux_n of_o blood_n that_o way_n we_o rather_o account_v a_o disease_n than_o a_o remedy_n as_o in_o dysenteria_fw-la &_o such_o like_a yet_o this_o notwithstanding_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o medicine_n may_v be_v very_o profitable_o give_v and_o receive_v to_o mundify_v &_o to_o purge_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o impediment_n or_o let_n of_o phlebotomy_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n require_v and_o further_a the_o same_o chap._n 8._o there_o be_v certain_a thing_n which_o put_v off_o bleed_v for_o a_o while_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o altogether_o hinder_v &_o forbid_v this_o practice_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v indigestion_n of_o the_o meat_n receive_v as_o when_o a_o man_n have_v eat_v much_o overnight_o and_o in_o the_o morning_n feel_v himself_o pain_v thereby_o feel_v still_o as_o it_o be_v the_o send_v &_o savour_n of_o the_o meat_n which_o he_o have_v eat_v remain_v still_o in_o his_o stomach_n whereby_o the_o crudity_n plain_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n except_o urgent_a necessity_n otherwise_o require_v we_o must_v forbear_v bleed_v till_o the_o digestion_n be_v accomplish_v that_o be_v till_o the_o raw_a humour_n be_v concoct_v &_o also_o the_o excrement_n descend_v the_o reason_n why_o crudity_n and_o rawness_n of_o humour_n through_o too_o much_o ingorge_v of_o meat_n stay_v bleed_v for_o the_o time_n may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o avicen_n 1._o doctri_fw-la 6._o cap._n 3._o for_o that_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o attract_v matter_n unto_o they_o that_o be_v emptiness_n of_o the_o place_n heat_n of_o the_o member_n the_o habit_n and_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n if_o therefore_o the_o body_n thus_o affect_v we_o chance_v to_o open_v a_o vein_n the_o blood_n untimely_o will_v be_v draw_v by_o the_o vein_n first_o part_n of_o this_o crudity_n of_o humour_n and_o the_o vein_n be_v destitute_a of_o their_o proper_a and_o convenient_a nourishment_n will_v draw_v unto_o they_o that_o which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o concoct_v in_o the_o stomach_n &_o liver_n which_o unconcoct_v matter_n send_v abroad_o to_o the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o body_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v amend_v for_o as_o galen_n say_v the_o three_o dgestion_n do_v not_o remedy_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o second_o nor_o the_o second_o the_o curl_n of_o the_o first_o si_fw-mi magnum_fw-la sit_fw-la peccatum_fw-la as_o he_o say_v if_o the_o evil_n be_v great_a so_o that_o now_o if_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o matter_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o member_n
the_o corrupt_a blood_n and_o less_o ease_n to_o the_o pain_a part_n or_o else_o the_o corrupt_a blood_n remoove_v from_o the_o affect_a member_n be_v mingle_v in_o the_o vein_n with_o the_o good_a blood_n and_o so_o the_o evil_a that_o be_v to_o be_v remedy_v be_v make_v worse_a when_o a_o vein_n be_v open_v in_o a_o right_n and_o straight_o course_n e_fw-la directo_fw-la as_o they_o call_v it_o it_o both_o evacuate_v pull_v the_o humour_n back_o and_o turn_v it_o aside_o and_o as_o a_o slow_a and_o continual_a run_v do_v most_o safe_o pull_v back_o from_o the_o further_a part_n and_o remove_v a_o flux_n that_o may_v possible_o ensue_v so_o also_o the_o blood_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o new_a way_n by_o little_a and_o little_a with_o revulsion_n it_o turn_v from_o the_o old_a course_n without_o offend_v the_o natural_a power_n any_o thing_n at_o all_o now_o that_o this_o rewlsion_n or_o call_v back_o of_o flow_a humour_n to_o the_o contrary_a part_n may_v be_v practise_v with_o the_o great_a profit_n i_o be_o to_o give_v here_o advertisement_n that_o four_o condition_n be_v therein_o to_o be_v respect_v as_o avicen_n set_v down_o in_o quarta_fw-la primi_fw-la cap._n 1._o first_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o member_n and_o still_o to_o draw_v to_o the_o contrary_a part_n as_o from_o the_o right_a part_n to_o the_o left_a from_o the_o low_a member_n to_o the_o high_a from_o before_o to_o behind_o etc._n etc._n this_o consideration_n to_o be_v very_o needful_a hippocrates_n proove_v by_o experience_n for_o 5._o aphoris_n apho._n 68_o he_o write_v that_o pain_n in_o the_o binder_n part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v cure_v by_o open_v a_o vein_n in_o the_o forehead_n which_o hippocrates_n practise_v to_o avert_v the_o matter_n as_o galen_n note_v in_o the_o commentary_n this_o aversion_n or_o turn_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v do_v either_o according_a to_o longitude_n that_o be_v above_o and_o below_o or_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a or_o according_a to_o the_o altitude_n that_o be_v before_o and_o behind_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o the_o fellowship_n and_o community_n of_o the_o vein_n therefore_o in_o abundant_a flux_n of_o term_n we_o pull_v back_o apply_v the_o cupping-glass_n to_o the_o pap_n which_o hippocrates_n most_o learned_o witness_v 5._o aphoris_n aphor._n 50._o for_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o affinite_a between_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o womb_n and_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o pap_n three_o care_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o rightness_n and_o straightness_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o care_n be_v have_v great_a profit_n ensue_v the_o four_o condition_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o farne_n of_o the_o distance_n but_o of_o these_o two_o condition_n especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o fellowship_n of_o the_o vein_n with_o their_o rectitude_n or_o rightness_n and_o therefore_o hippocrates_n counsel_v to_o open_v the_o inner_a vein_n of_o the_o same_o side_n or_o arm_n and_o not_o of_o the_o contrary_a arm_n which_o also_o galen_n affirm_v li._n de_fw-fr cura_fw-la ratio_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la missione_n ca._n 16._o whatsoever_o avicen_n will_v otherwise_o in_o tertia_fw-la primi_fw-la therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v blame_v that_o in_o a_o pleurisy_n of_o the_o right_a side_n open_v a_o vein_n in_o the_o left_a as_o galen_n teach_v lib._n artis_fw-la medic_fw-la cap._n 95._o there_o be_v three_o way_n of_o aversion_n or_o turn_v away_o and_o a_o side_n of_o humour_n call_v derivatio_fw-la one_o by_o repel_v thing_n that_o beat_v back_o the_o matter_n another_o by_o thing_n revel_v which_o pull_v the_o matter_n clean_o away_o and_o draw_v it_o forth_o to_o the_o contrary_a part_n and_o the_o three_o way_n be_v by_o thing_n transmissive_a which_o send_v the_o matter_n from_o one_o member_n to_o another_o so_o diversio_fw-la or_o derivatio_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v genus_fw-la to_o revulsion_n if_o therefore_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v there_o be_v great_a inflammation_n or_o a_o sudden_a and_o hasty_a flux_n of_o humour_n open_v a_o great_a vein_n of_o the_o same_o side_n may_v e_fw-la dâ—recto_fw-la as_o these_o rermeit_n i_o say_v a_o great_a or_o large_a vein_n because_o if_o the_o evacuation_n be_v in_o the_o great_a vessel_n it_o be_v do_v with_o the_o more_o speed_n as_o galen_n say_v libri_fw-la primi_fw-la artiâ—_n medic_fw-la cap._n 95._o and_o it_o be_v say_v right_o in_o the_o same_o side_n for_o this_o be_v the_o counsel_n of_o galen_n lib._n 13._o metho_n cap._n 11._o but_o if_o the_o flux_n of_o humour_n be_v slow_a &_o not_o hasty_a as_o in_o the_o other_o or_o that_o a_o vein_n must_v be_v open_v for_o preservation_n only_o a_o vein_n further_o off_o may_v be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o physician_n as_o you_o have_v partly_o hear_v before_o but_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o liver_n be_v the_o fountain_n and_o original_n of_o all_o the_o vein_n and_o phlebotomy_n cuacuate_v blood_n it_o seem_v that_o blood_n shall_v never_o be_v abate_v either_o for_o euacuation_n or_o revulsion_n unless_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o right_a arm_n be_v take_v which_o chief_o do_v evacuate_v and_o pull_v back_o from_o the_o fountain_n that_o be_v the_o liver_n which_o also_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o that_o notable_a man_n hippocrates_n his_o authority_n affirm_v our_o whole_a body_n to_o be_v conspirabile_fw-la that_o be_v of_o one_o agreement_n and_o of_o a_o common_a and_o general_a accord_n together_o one_o member_n with_o another_o and_o confluxibile_n that_o be_v always_o run_v together_o and_o so_o ally_v that_o each_o part_n thereof_o suffer_v with_o the_o other_o this_o be_v so_o it_o seem_v that_o rectitude_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o revulsion_n for_o what_o vein_n soever_o we_o open_v because_o of_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n with_o the_o part_n the_o like_a profit_n will_v ensue_v for_o the_o solution_n hereof_o we_o make_v answer_v that_o as_o it_o be_v now_o say_v it_o will_v follow_v in_o effect_n but_o that_o nature_n a_o provident_a dame_n have_v so_o place_v the_o midriff_n as_o it_o divide_v the_o stomach_n from_o the_o low_a bowel_n and_o have_v separate_v the_o right_a part_n from_o the_o left_a lest_o one_o part_n be_v hurt_v the_o other_o part_n shall_v also_o sudden_o perish_v and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o therefore_o rather_o the_o right_n with_o right_n than_o with_o the_o left_a and_o the_o leave_v with_o the_o left_a rather_o than_o the_o right_n do_v accord_n together_o and_o mutual_o suffer_v one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o also_o hyppacrates_n say_v well_o sanguinis_fw-la rewlsionem_fw-la secundum_fw-la rectitudinem_fw-la cat_n a_o ixin_n fieri_fw-la debere_fw-la that_o revultion_n of_o blood_n must_v be_v do_v according_a unto_o rectitude_n if_o therefore_o a_o vein_n be_v thus_o open_v we_o shall_v soon_o see_v the_o apparent_a utility_n if_o we_o do_v otherwise_o or_o the_o contrary_a it_o profit_v nothing_o this_o be_v see_v even_o by_o natural_a eruption_n of_o blood_n for_o if_o in_o swell_v of_o the_o spleen_n nature_n expel_v blood_n out_o of_o the_o right_a nostril_n or_o in_o swell_v of_o the_o liver_n from_o the_o left_a nostril_n no_o help_n ensue_v but_o if_o the_o bleed_a bee_n according_a to_o rectitude_n call_v in_o greek_a cata_n ixin_n as_o speniticke_a person_n out_o of_o the_o left_a nostril_n and_o in_o disease_n of_o the_o liver_n out_o of_o the_o right_n evident_a profit_n will_v appear_v the_o contrary_n profit_v not_o but_o oft_o hurt_v diminish_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n without_o help_n to_o the_o disease_n as_o say_v galen_n the_o curand_n rati_fw-la per_fw-la sang_fw-fr missio_fw-la cap._n 15._o wherefore_o as_o it_o be_v follow_v nature_n in_o that_o which_o she_o do_v well_o and_o those_o thing_n which_o come_v voluntary_o and_o of_o themselves_o and_o be_v yet_o good_a and_o profitable_a to_o stop_v bleed_v at_o the_o nose_n from_o the_o left_a nostril_n we_o apply_v cupping-glass_n to_o the_o leave_v hypocondrium_fw-la which_o be_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o side_n near_o the_o breast_n and_o pap_n and_o if_o from_o the_o right_a nostril_n to_o the_o right_n hypocondrium_fw-la the_o rectitude_n therefore_o as_o a_o especial_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o revulsion_n yea_o and_o more_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereof_o than_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o member_n neither_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o be_v judge_v contrary_a each_o to_o other_o except_o one_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o other_o according_a to_o rectitude_n a_o objection_n it_o seem_v that_o galen_n respect_v not_o the_o location_n of_o grieve_a member_n according_a to_o this_o
and_o entreat_v without_o help_n of_o physic_n which_o we_o may_v administer_v if_o the_o disease_n be_v deadly_a it_o will_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o concoction_n if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a or_o recoverable_a call_v morbus_fw-la salutaris_fw-la as_o you_o have_v hear_v after_o the_o state_n in_o the_o declination_n &_o when_o the_o patient_n be_v past_a danger_n what_o profit_n do_v phlebotomy_n then_o bring_v as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o nature_n by_o concoction_n separate_v the_o ill_a humour_n from_o the_o good_a these_o to_o conservation_n those_o to_o expulsion_n this_o she_o do_v either_o by_o herself_o or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o physic_n but_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n indifferent_o without_o choice_n evacuate_v all_o humour_n wherefore_o then_o in_o bleed_v shall_v we_o tarry_v for_o this_o concoction_n &_o division_n of_o humour_n as_o for_o example_n in_o apostumation_n if_o the_o corrupt_v blood_n be_v make_v matter_n or_o filth_n it_o be_v not_o then_o take_v away_o by_o bleed_v but_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n so_o in_o fever_n who_o matter_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o vein_n when_o the_o humour_n be_v concoct_v &_o divide_v we_o use_v not_o to_o withdraw_v the_o same_o by_o bleed_v but_o by_o some_o other_o practice_n in_o physic_n in_o which_o case_n by_o that_o time_n that_o concoction_n be_v accomplish_v we_o shall_v have_v nature_n to_o help_v we_o who_o ofher_o self_n indevour_v to_o expel_v humour_n concoct_v &_o divide_v the_o bad_a from_o the_o good_a and_o if_o now_o after_o concoction_n &_o separation_n of_o humour_n we_o open_v a_o vein_n we_o do_v not_o only_o evacuat_v the_o bad_a but_o also_o the_o good_a and_o that_o which_o be_v worse_o those_o humour_n which_o be_v separate_v by_o nature_n we_o shall_v mingle_v with_o the_o pure_a blood_n the_o fill_n the_o same_o &_o so_o both_o confound_v all_o &_o disturb_v the_o good_a work_n of_o nature_n herself_o therefore_o when_o the_o apparent_a sign_n of_o concoction_n shall_v appear_v the_o cure_n must_v be_v do_v not_o any_o more_o by_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n but_o either_o by_o purgation_n or_o some_o other_o help_n to_o turn_v the_o matter_n aside_o some_o other_o way_n except_o which_o sometime_o chance_v there_o appear_v sign_n of_o crudity_n in_o fever_n when_o the_o plenitude_n be_v abate_v and_o thing_n which_o putrify_a be_v concoct_v we_o must_v assay_v to_o evacuat_v they_o by_o siege_n urine_n or_o sweat_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v rot_v and_o turn_v to_o filth_n in_o a_o pleurisy_n or_o pâ—ripneumonia_n we_o evacuâ—t_v by_o spit_v matter_n putrify_v in_o the_o liver_n pass_v through_o the_o hollow_a vein_n by_o the_o belly_n corruption_n in_o the_o â—ines_n &_o in_fw-la gibba_fw-la pass_v by_o urine_n and_o so_o eâ—he_o putrify_v matter_n according_o out_o of_o each_o member_n be_v to_o be_v purge_v by_o the_o next_o place_n &_o fit_a passage_n if_o by_o fear_n sloth_n or_o any_o other_o occasion_n open_v of_o a_o vein_n have_v not_o be_v put_v in_o ure_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o sickness_n the_o same_o may_v be_v dâ—n_v at_o any_o time_n yea_o the_o twenty_o day_n after_o if_o the_o sign_n of_o fullness_n &_o crudity_n still_o continue_v and_o that_o the_o bodily_a strength_n be_v answerable_a &_o not_o decay_v through_o prolixity_n of_o sickness_n but_o here_o be_v the_o doubt_n that_o oft_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v digest_v or_o the_o strength_n of_o nature_n waste_v but_o auicens_n opinion_n that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o disease_n a_o vein_n be_v not_o to_o be_v open_v seem_v to_o have_v ground_n out_o of_o galen_n chap._n â—7_n artis_fw-la medicinalis_fw-la &_o comment_n 22._o lib._n 4._o aphoris_n norum_fw-la saying_n the_o physician_n be_v tâ—e_v minister_v of_o nature_n but_o nature_n her_o sâ—lfe_n never_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o disease_n when_o the_o humour_n be_v yet_o altogether_o râ—we_v and_o unconcoct_v appoint_v any_o evacuation_n therefore_o neither_o must_v the_o physician_n at_o the_o first_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v yet_o unconcoct_v attempt_v any_o evacuation_n and_o so_o much_o the_o less_o because_o crude_a and_o undigested_a matter_n not_o yield_v to_o evacuation_n stir_v up_o grievous_a accident_n in_o the_o body_n galen_n li._n 1._o aphoris_n come_v 22_o again_o say_v some_o in_o auicens_n defence_n it_o may_v be_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o sickness_n open_v of_o a_o vein_n make_v the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o body_n thin_a so_o that_o they_o may_v flow_v &_o run_v through_o out_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o so_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o good_a blood_n whereby_o it_o fortune_v that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o extract_v which_o necessity_n require_v to_o be_v expel_v whereby_o also_o it_o happen_v further_o that_o the_o patient_n must_v be_v let_v blood_n again_o sometime_o even_o the_o same_o day_n and_o sometime_o the_o day_n after_o which_o too_o much_o enfeeble_v the_o power_n of_o the_o body_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v contend_v partly_o by_o reason_n partly_o by_o authority_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o avicen_n and_o sure_o if_o the_o word_n of_o avicen_n may_v be_v restringe_v that_o very_o seldom_o and_o only_o in_o the_o case_n limit_v a_o vein_n be_v not_o to_o be_v open_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o sickness_n it_o may_v well_o stand_v to_o sense_n &_o reason_n but_o fernelius_n &_o other_o gather_v that_o auicens_n word_n be_v speak_v more_o general_o than_o that_o he_o can_v by_o this_o special_a case_n only_o be_v defend_v and_o because_o the_o matter_n be_v controvert_v as_o you_o see_v i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o reason_n bring_v both_o against_o avicen_n and_o for_o he_o leave_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o controversy_n to_o be_v examine_v &_o decide_v by_o other_o rather_o as_o yet_o incline_v for_o my_o part_n for_o aught_o that_o i_o can_v see_v to_o the_o adversary_n opinion_n to_o auicens_n still_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v more_o vival_n a_o great_a deal_n to_o open_v a_o vein_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o sickness_n than_o to_o stay_v a_o long_a time_n and_o that_o this_o assertion_n may_v the_o rather_o appear_v to_o be_v true_a i_o will_v set_v down_o certain_a ruâ—es_n whereby_o it_o may_v true_o be_v manifest_v &_o approve_v so_o by_o science_n and_o experience_n first_o when_o wicked_a humour_n great_o swell_v be_v as_o it_o be_v excite_v &_o stir_v up_o through_o repletion_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o persuade_v to_o evacuation_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o disease_n when_o the_o humour_n be_v not_o yet_o concoct_v for_o otherwise_o the_o unconstant_a humour_n move_v from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o from_o member_n to_o member_n without_o order_n may_v make_v stay_n at_o some_o principal_a member_n to_o the_o great_a hurt_n of_o the_o patient_a it_o happen_v in_o deed_n but_o seldom_o that_o the_o humour_n be_v movable_a &_o flow_v from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o for_o common_o they_o remain_v firm_a &_o stable_a in_o one_o place_n second_o a_o vein_n be_v to_o be_v open_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o disease_n when_o quantity_n of_o matter_n abound_v in_o the_o vein_n as_o galen_n say_v com._n 29._o li._n 2._o aphoris_n yea_o in_o this_o case_n also_o sometime_o a_o purgation_n be_v take_v that_o nature_n may_v easy_o concoct_v &_o overcome_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o disease_n when_o the_o same_o be_v lessen_v by_o art_n three_o when_o the_o disease_n be_v great_a &_o vehement_a as_o in_o very_o dolorous_a apostumation_n albeit_o there_o be_v not_o in_o the_o body_n much_o matter_n antecedent_n yet_o the_o humour_n that_o be_v be_v to_o be_v repel_v lest_o the_o apostumation_n open_a and_o break_v soon_o than_o be_v convenient_a to_o avoid_v therefore_o these_o grâ—at_a &_o evil_a accident_n by_o &_o by_o at_o the_o beginning_n incision_n be_v to_o be_v make_v which_o galen_n teach_v li._n 13._o cap._n 20._o method_n medend_n in_o these_o word_n in_o such_o affect_n say_v he_o a_o vein_n must_v be_v open_v at_o the_o beginning_n so_o that_o none_o of_o those_o thing_n hinder_v which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o i._n either_o the_o abundance_n of_o raw_a e_z humour_n childish_a year_n the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o country_n too_o hot_a or_o too_o cold_a for_o not_o only_o in_o sharp_a disease_n &_o inflammation_n but_o also_o in_o wound_n &_o bruise_n of_o particular_a part_n special_o be_v principal_a blood_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o contrary_a part_n to_o repel_v the_o inflammation_n albeit_o the_o blood_n be_v but_o little_a in_o quantity_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o sharp_a disease_n call_v morbiacuti_fw-la or_o peracuti_fw-la open_v of_o a_o vein_n be_v pass_o good_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o you_o must_v remember_v that_o a_o sharp_a disease_n be_v twofold_a either_o exquisite_a
chrisi_n if_o it_o be_v very_o dark_a it_o betoken_v gross_a blood_n green_a blood_n show_v perfect_a adustion_n when_o the_o blood_n flow_v soorthspede_o it_o be_v suetile_a and_o thin_a when_o it_o spin_v not_o forth_o but_o come_v guttatim_fw-la slow_o drop_v by_o drop_n it_o betoken_v that_o it_o be_v gross_a blood_n when_o mean_o between_o both_o then_o be_v it_o a_o mean_a blood_n between_o gross_a and_o thin_a again_o sometime_o it_o be_v quick_o congeal_v then_o be_v it_o g_o rise_v blood_n sometime_o slow_o compact_v and_o then_o be_v it_o subtle_a thick_a and_o gross_a blood_n show_v thick_a and_o gross_a matter_n in_o the_o body_n or_o it_o show_v great_a heat_n and_o drith_n which_o have_v consume_v the_o humidity_n of_o blood_n if_o it_o be_v subtle_a &_o thin_a it_o show_v want_v of_o digestion_n and_o abundance_n of_o raw_a unconcoct_v humour_n of_o hot_a humour_n or_o of_o cold_a as_o the_o colour_n shall_v descry_v if_o the_o blood_n be_v oily_a it_o betoken_v either_o a_o future_a leprosy_n or_o too_o much_o fatness_n in_o the_o body_n for_o leprosy_n be_v cause_v of_o extremity_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o blood_n burn_v the_o same_o and_o convert_n it_o into_o a_o oily_a substance_n again_o take_v a_o bat_n round_o in_o the_o end_n and_o set_v it_o to_o the_o congeal_v blood_n if_o it_o withstand_v it_o not_o but_o give_v place_n unto_o it_o and_o be_v divide_v it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o drith_n if_o the_o blood_n great_o resist_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bat_n then_o be_v it_o a_o very_a thick_a and_o viscous_a blood_n if_o between_o both_o then_o be_v it_o a_o mean_a blood_n and_o thus_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v insert_v before_o and_o touch_v the_o colour_n in_o like_a sort_n this_o brief_a observation_n by_o the_o way_n which_o be_v also_o omit_v but_o may_v come_v in_o here_o yet_o in_o good_a sort_n a_o good_a blood_n be_v of_o diverse_a colour_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o part_n for_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n for_o the_o good_a blood_n be_v light_a always_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o high_a part_n in_o the_o mid_n it_o be_v red_a and_o not_o clear_a in_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v black_a and_o melancolious_a for_o melancholy_a be_v heavy_a rest_v always_o in_o the_o bottom_n pinguedo_fw-la sometime_o there_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o blood_n a_o certain_a fat_a or_o oily_a matter_n like_o a_o copweb_n if_o the_o body_n be_v very_o gross_a and_o fat_a this_o be_v cause_v of_o the_o very_a blood_n which_o be_v in_o such_o body_n incline_v to_o fat_a if_o the_o body_n be_v very_o lean_a it_o declare_v the_o same_o now_o to_o begin_v subsidentia_n to_o melt_v and_o to_o languish_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o clod_v blood_n there_o be_v resident_a a_o earthly_a &_o a_o filthy_a substance_n which_o be_v divide_v or_o cleave_v asunder_o appear_v in_o colour_n either_o red_a dark_a black_a bright_a or_o green_a whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o humour_n mix_v with_o the_o blood_n yea_o &_o by_o the_o colour_n much_o or_o little_a we_o may_v know_v how_o much_o each_o humour_n abound_v in_o the_o vein_n some_o say_v if_o the_o blood_n be_v cut_v or_o divide_v &_o grana_n that_o there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o certain_a grainees_n like_o small_a sand_n that_o it_o note_v leprosy_n or_o inclination_n unto_o it_o which_o always_o have_v not_o be_v find_v true_a by_o certain_a that_o have_v observe_v it_o it_o be_v seldom_o that_o the_o blood_n come_v from_o the_o vein_n do_v sink_v but_o if_o it_o do_v the_o same_o show_v corrupt_a and_o stink_a humour_n and_o be_v a_o token_n of_o uncurable_a putrefaction_n and_o corruption_n no_o man_n do_v willing_o taste_v detract_v blood_n but_o if_o by_o chance_n it_o come_v into_o the_o mouth_n and_o do_v taste_v sweet_a it_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n good_a and_o of_o perfect_a concoction_n if_o it_o be_v bitter_a in_o taste_n it_o show_v abundance_n of_o choler_n if_o it_o be_v sour_a sharp_a and_o restringent_a it_o denotate_v abundance_n of_o melancholy_a if_o unsavery_a abundance_n of_o phlegm_n if_o salt_n the_o blood_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n phlegm_n after_o observation_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o blood_n confer_v all_o the_o small_a porringer_n or_o vessel_n of_o blood_n together_o if_o they_o show_v all_o equal_o good_a blood_n it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o vein_n be_v like_a unto_o it_o yet_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v withdraw_v if_o it_o offend_v in_o quantity_n and_o grieve_v the_o body_n hurt_v the_o sense_n and_o cause_v in_o the_o body_n putrefaction_n and_o other_o evil_n if_o blood_n appear_v corrupt_a then_o with_o a_o great_a profit_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v withdraw_v because_o it_o hurt_v the_o body_n two_o way_n both_o with_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n thereof_o if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o withdraw_v at_o one_o time_n afterward_o again_o a_o vein_n must_v be_v open_v and_o beside_o bleed_v if_o cacochymia_n concur_v with_o plenitud_n that_o be_v that_o blood_n offend_v both_o in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n as_o we_o note_v in_o the_o 21._o chapter_n beside_o bleed_v the_o body_n must_v more_o over_o be_v purge_v with_o inward_a medicine_n if_o that_o blood_n which_o come_v first_o be_v good_a and_o the_o other_o corrupt_a then_o suppose_v that_o yet_o much_o such_o blood_n remain_v in_o the_o body_n to_o be_v avoid_v by_o good_a order_n of_o diet_n and_o orderly_a evacuation_n but_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o so_o in_o inflammation_n it_o be_v a_o good_a sign_n that_o the_o evacuation_n be_v absolute_a and_o perfect_a quite_o take_v away_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o disease_n from_o the_o affect_a member_n the_o blood_n pour_v into_o warm_a water_n have_v thereby_o his_o part_n and_o substance_n divide_v the_o wheyish_a and_o watrìe_a substance_n be_v confound_v with_o the_o water_n and_o can_v be_v know_v from_o it_o also_o the_o thin_a and_o more_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o water_n likewise_o whereby_o yet_o notwithstanding_o after_o a_o sort_n we_o may_v give_v judgement_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o humour_n the_o thick_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n rest_v in_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v repute_v good_a and_o natural_a blood_n if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v whitish_a thin_a bright_a and_o cohere_v together_o if_o the_o same_o be_v more_o gross_a it_o show_v the_o grossness_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o remain_v in_o the_o body_n if_o it_o be_v obscure_a black_a or_o otherwise_o colour_v after_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o colour_n judge_v the_o blood_n to_o be_v corrupt_v or_o not_o corrupt_v with_o filthiness_n of_o wicked_a humour_n if_o it_o do_v not_o cohere_v but_o be_v distract_v and_o divide_v it_o betoken_v uncurable_a putrefaction_n last_o of_o all_o remember_v that_o the_o more_o unpure_a and_o unconcoct_v the_o blood_n appear_v be_v alter_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o good_a blood_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v withdraw_v in_o the_o less_o quantity_n and_o not_o so_o plentiful_o as_o when_o the_o same_o draw_v more_o nigh_o the_o substance_n of_o good_a blood_n which_o be_v do_v otherwise_o and_o quite_o contrary_a by_o our_o common_a barber_n and_o letter_n of_o blood_n and_o look_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n do_v pass_v and_o exceed_v either_o less_o or_o more_o the_o nature_n of_o blood_n so_o much_o more_o spare_o be_v we_o to_o let_v blood_n and_o when_o they_o exceed_v too_o far_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o blood_n either_o the_o one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o then_o we_o be_v altogether_o to_o forbear_v bleed_v as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n already_o a_o short_a rehearsal_n of_o eight_o ancient_a error_n touch_v bleed_a and_o a_o sufficient_a confutation_n of_o they_o by_o ancient_a authority_n chap._n 23._o first_o that_o blood_n must_v not_o be_v let_v but_o in_o the_o morning_n this_o be_v confute_v by_o galen_n lib._n de_fw-fr curand_n ratio_fw-la per_fw-la sanguine_a missio_fw-la capitul_n 12._o saying_n fear_v not_o to_o let_v blood_n by_o night_n forit_n be_v ridiculous_a that_o some_o do_v maintain_v only_o let_v blood_n from_o the_o second_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o five_o or_o six_o and_o no_o other_o time_n the_o second_o error_n be_v that_o obstruction_n and_o putrefaction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o let_v blood_n galen_n also_o confute_v this_o 2._o metho_n med._n cap._n 14._o in_o these_o word_n neither_o obstruction_n nor_o putrefaction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o let_v blood_n but_o abundance_n of_o humour_n for_o neither_o can_v stop_a or_o putrefaction_n be_v
cure_v by_o bleed_n but_o require_v other_o remedy_n the_o three_o error_n that_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n be_v unnâ—edefull_a except_o the_o disease_n be_v present_a this_o also_o be_v confute_v by_o galen_n de_fw-fr opt._n sect_n ad_fw-la thrasis_n cap._n 37._o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v he_o we_o use_v remedy_n as_o purgagion_n and_o bleed_a when_o the_o disease_n be_v not_o present_v but_o future_a the_o four_o error_n that_o phlebotomy_n must_v be_v do_v in_o the_o judgement_n day_n of_o a_o disease_n avicen_n impugn_v this_o in_o quart_n primi_fw-la chap._n de_fw-fr phlebo_fw-la say_v neither_o must_v bleed_a nor_o purgation_n be_v do_v in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o move_n of_o a_o disease_n nor_o when_o the_o same_o have_v crisim_n â—_o judgement_n but_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a let_v there_o be_v rest_n this_o be_v also_o prove_v aphorism_n 21._o qua_fw-la iudicatur_fw-la vel_fw-la iudâ—cata_fw-la sunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o five_o error_n that_o bleed_v dull_v the_o sight_n galen_n remove_v this_o error_n li._n de_fw-fr curand_n ratio_fw-la per_fw-la sangui_fw-la missio_fw-la chapitul_n 7._o some_o have_v a_o weak_a sight_n have_v aboundauce_n of_o blood_n evacuate_v such_o either_o with_o purgation_n if_o there_o be_v other_o humour_n beside_o blood_n or_o by_o bleed_v and_o so_o detract_n of_o blood_n do_v good_a not_o dull_v but_o quicken_a the_o sight_n 6_o the_o six_o error_n be_v that_o in_o fullness_n always_o a_o vein_n must_v be_v open_v gaben_n confuâ—eth_v this_o error_n 4._o the_o vict_v in_o morb_n acut_fw-la come_v 19_o plenitude_n be_v not_o always_o cure_v by_o bleed_v but_o by_o rubbing_n many_o and_o oft_o batling_n and_o by_o abstinence_n 7_o the_o seven_o error_n be_v that_o blood_n must_v be_v let_v the_o womb_n be_v very_o laxative_a this_o hippocrates_n refall_v 4._o the_o vict_v in_o morb_n acut_fw-la cap._n 118._o if_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o withdraw_v blaud_a from_o any_o you_o must_v stay_v the_o womb_n and_o so_o let_v blood_n and_o galen_n in_o the_o same_o place_n say_v if_o the_o belly_n be_v flow_v let_v not_o blood_n lest_o the_o flux_n continue_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n be_v cast_v down_o 8_o the_o eight_o error_n be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o let_v blood_n in_o galen_n contrary_a to_o this_o write_v ad_fw-la glanco_n cap._n 14._o those_o physician_n which_o consider_v not_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o time_n and_o withdraw_v blood_n they_o kill_v man_n et_fw-la 4._o de_fw-la vict_v in_o morb_n acut_fw-la be_v commentar_n 19_o if_o the_o air_n be_v too_o hot_a and_o dry_a we_o refrain_v from_o bleed_v though_o the_o sickness_n be_v vehement_a and_o the_o age_n of_o the_o party_n youthful_a a_o sufficient_a confutation_n of_o the_o suppose_a necessity_n of_o annual_a bleed_n cap._n 24._o there_o come_v here_o to_o my_o mind_n a_o common_a opinion_n among_o the_o ignorant_a people_n which_o do_v certain_o believe_v that_o if_o any_o person_n be_v let_v blood_n one_o year_n he_o must_v be_v let_v blood_n every_o year_n or_o else_o he_o be_v i_o can_v tell_v nor_o they_o neither_o in_o how_o great_a danger_n which_o fond_a opinion_n of_o they_o whereof_o so_o ever_o the_o same_o spring_v first_o it_o be_v no_o more_o like_a to_o be_v true_a than_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v when_o a_o man_n have_v receive_v a_o great_a wound_n by_o chance_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o body_n whereby_o he_o lose_v much_o blood_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v heal_v he_o must_v needs_o have_v the_o like_a wound_n again_o there_o the_o next_o year_n to_o avoid_v as_o much_o blood_n or_o else_o he_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o great_a sickness_n yea_o &_o also_o in_o hazard_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n which_o opinion_n if_o i_o do_v affirm_v to_o be_v true_a albeit_o it_o be_v most_o false_a yet_o i_o may_v use_v the_o like_a reason_n &_o authority_n to_o defend_v it_o that_o the_o common_a people_n use_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o for_o they_o can_v say_v nothing_o if_o they_o be_v ask_v why_o they_o think_v so_o but_o that_o they_o have_v hear_v many_o to_o say_v so_o therefore_o i_o will_v wish_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v credit_v this_o foolish_a opinion_n be_v most_o false_a unless_o he_o can_v show_v some_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o be_o sure_a no_o man_n can_v do_v this_o i_o think_v that_o like_a as_o blood_n let_v be_v not_o good_a against_o all_o disease_n so_o be_v it_o not_o good_a in_o all_o person_n as_o we_o have_v set_v it_o down_o in_o the_o 9_o chapter_n but_o only_o in_o those_o that_o will_v be_v content_a to_o use_v afterward_o a_o moderate_a &_o convenient_a diet_n those_o therefore_o that_o do_v abound_v with_o blood_n &_o will_v be_v let_v blood_n to_o preserve_v themselves_o from_o the_o danger_n of_o any_o disease_n that_o be_v like_o short_o to_o ensue_v must_v long_o time_n after_o be_v content_a to_o use_v a_o moderate_a diet_n for_o intemperate_a person_n &_o glutton_n great_a drinker_n &_o wine_n bibber_n they_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v no_o commodity_n at_o all_o by_o bleed_v but_o often_o time_n great_a hurt_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v without_o it_o for_o within_o 3_o or_o 4_o day_n after_o they_o fill_v &_o stuff_n themselves_o with_o more_o raw_a ivice_n &_o humour_n by_o unmeasurable_a diet_n than_o they_o have_v before_o and_o often_o time_n these_o die_n through_o convulsion_n and_o hereupon_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o there_o be_v such_o force_n in_o moderate_a diet_n to_o eschew_v sickness_n that_o without_o observation_n thereof_o phlebotomy_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o common_a say_n of_o the_o common_a people_n be_v true_a in_o any_o namely_o that_o they_o must_v be_v let_v blood_n often_o thâ—r_o be_v once_o let_v blood_n it_o be_v only_o true_a in_o such_o as_o keep_v ill_a diet_n present_o after_o bleed_v therefore_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o council_n all_o person_n to_o beware_v of_o excess_n after_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n ofincision_n of_o artery_n chap._n 25._o as_o a_o vein_n be_v open_v according_a to_o our_o former_a discourse_n hitherto_o so_o sometime_o also_o a_o artery_n be_v open_v that_o be_v to_o say_v only_o such_o a_o vein_n wherein_o the_o vital_a spirit_n mix_v with_o the_o blood_n do_v run_v &_o flow_v but_o for_o the_o hard_a stint_n of_o the_o flux_n from_o a_o artery_n physician_n be_v in_o doubt_n to_o make_v insition_n thereof_o and_o yet_o some_o sometime_o practice_v it_o as_o in_o the_o disease_n call_v vertigo_n if_o in_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n we_o chance_v to_o stick_v a_o artery_n we_o can_v very_o hardly_o by_o &_o by_o stint_v the_o bleed_a and_o although_o the_o matter_n fall_v out_o very_o well_o that_o the_o wound_n or_o incision_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o scar_n by_o division_n yet_o there_o will_v be_v a_o dilation_n or_o spread_v abroad_o of_o the_o cut_a artery_n still_o as_o galen_n witness_v lib._n de_fw-fr curand_n ratio_fw-la per_fw-la sang_fw-fr missio_fw-la cap_n 21._o &_o 22._o the_o bleed_a of_o a_o artery_n be_v hardly_o stay_v partly_o for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o arterial_a blood_n which_o be_v very_o quick_o move_v &_o by_o spread_v abroad_o open_v the_o artery_n whereupon_o incision_n of_o a_o artery_n great_o further_v the_o bleed_a partly_o because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o artery_n never_o cease_v as_o galen_n witness_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 20._o de_fw-la sanitate_fw-la tuend_a whereby_o also_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o wound_n of_o the_o artery_n be_v the_o more_o slow_o cure_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v heal_v require_v rest_n &_o ease_n gal._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 8._o metho_fw-mi medend_v &_o comet_n 6._o lib._n 6._o aphoris_n the_o open_n of_o a_o artery_n be_v to_o be_v use_v when_o the_o body_n be_v replete_a with_o thin_a windy_a and_o very_o hot_a blood_n for_o the_o seat_n of_o subtle_a thin_a &_o windâ—â—_n blood_n whereof_o the_o natural_a heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n be_v engender_v be_v in_o the_o artery_n and_o to_o be_v the_o hot_a blood_n which_o come_v from_o the_o hot_a member_n that_o be_v the_o heart_n and_o which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o body_n contain_v likewise_o in_o the_o artery_n the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o thick_a blood_n wherewith_o the_o â—â—embers_n be_v nourish_v be_v in_o the_o vein_n upon_o what_o occasion_n galen_n do_v cut_v a_o artery_n he_o himself_o show_v cap._n 22._o dv_o curand_n â—at_a per_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la missio_fw-la be_v warn_v say_v galer_n by_o certain_a dream_n of_o which_o two_o among_o the_o rest_n most_o plain_o appear_v unto_o i_o i_o weâ—t_v to_o cut_v that_o artery_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v between_o the_o
either_o morning_n after_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o a_o man_n be_v yet_o fast_v which_o be_v simple_o the_o best_a except_v the_o hour_n of_o ♂_o and_o ♄_o and_o choose_v the_o hour_n of_o ♃_o and_o ♀_o who_o nature_n be_v most_o temperate_a afternoon_n after_o reasonable_a good_a or_o rather_o perfect_a digestion_n and_o expulsion_n of_o of_o superfluity_n herewithal_o regard_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o too_o hot_a nor_o too_o cold_a or_o cloudy_a but_o mild_a clear_a and_o temperate_a the_o wind_n be_v then_o either_o northerly_a or_o westerly_a the_o southwind_n be_v count_v no_o friend_n to_o phlebotomy_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n heat_n loosen_v too_o much_o cold_a bind_v too_o much_o a_o exception_n notwithstanding_o the_o premise_n of_o blood-letting_n before_o the_o frenzy_n squinancy_n pleurisy_n and_o apoplexy_n or_o for_o a_o continual_a headache_n proceed_v of_o choler_n or_o blood_n for_o any_o hot_a burn_a fever_n or_o other_o extreme_a pain_n and_o desperate_a disease_n a_o man_n in_o such_o a_o case_n may_v not_o tarry_v a_o choose_a time_n regular_o set_v down_o by_o the_o astronomer_n or_o physician_n for_o so_o the_o patient_n may_v miscarry_v in_o the_o mean_a season_n but_o incontinent_o with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n he_o be_v this_o way_n to_o seek_v his_o remedy_n except_o either_o he_o be_v very_o weak_a or_o like_v to_o swoon_v or_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o same_o sign_n that_o rule_v that_o very_a part_n of_o the_o body_n where_o also_o note_n that_o in_o the_o foresay_a case_n of_o extremity_n blood_n be_v not_o to_o be_v let_v in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o otherwise_o it_o will_v if_o a_o choose_a time_n may_v convenient_o be_v expect_v as_o before_o bloudletting_n these_o circumstance_n of_o complexion_n age_n and_o time_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v so_o after_o the_o same_o consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o our_o meat_n and_o exercise_n for_o meat_n such_o must_v be_v take_v as_o be_v of_o a_o easy_a and_o light_a digestion_n for_o exercise_v we_o be_v to_o abstain_v from_o all_o exclusive_a until_o the_o four_o day_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v vehement_a as_o ride_v run_a leap_v vault_v wrestle_a fense_a tennis_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o such_o as_o be_v more_o mild_a as_o walk_v bowl_a bathe_v and_o especial_o venery_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twentieth_o chapteer_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o may_v effectual_o conclude_v both_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_a limitation_n due_o and_o orderly_o observe_v this_o ancient_a practice_n of_o phlebotomy_n to_o be_v very_o commendable_a both_o for_o the_o preservative_n and_o curative_a intention_n of_o physic_n conclusio_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o thus_o according_a to_o my_o simple_a skill_n and_o poor_a talon_n i_o have_v set_v down_o those_o remedy_n which_o withdraw_v blood_n either_o from_o the_o whole_a body_n general_o as_o phlebotomy_n or_o from_o certain_a part_n particular_o as_o leech_n box_v and_o scarification_n which_o be_v my_o purpose_a determination_n at_o the_o beginning_n to_o do_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v here_o set_v down_o repugnant_a to_o sound_v skill_n i_o crave_v pardon_n have_v no_o skill_n to_o judge_v because_o physic_n be_v not_o my_o profession_n only_o draw_v with_o a_o delight_n in_o this_o practice_n first_o for_o my_o pleasure_n now_o i_o trust_v for_o orhers_n profit_n i_o have_v further_o trauâ—iled_v herein_o than_o i_o think_v to_o have_v do_v if_o any_o fault_n or_o error_n be_v in_o the_o order_n method_n or_o disposition_n i_o assign_v that_o unâ—o_v myself_o 〈…〉_o pardon_v for_o aught_o that_o be_v amiss_o protest_v in_o truth_n which_o a_o man_n may_v easy_o descry_v tâ—at_v this_o book_n be_v rather_o a_o collection_n from_o other_o than_o a_o invention_n of_o my_o own_o god_n grant_v that_o this_o my_o travail_n herein_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v may_v make_v unto_o his_o glory_n and_o the_o comfort_n of_o his_o people_n which_o be_v the_o two_o impulsive_a cause_n move_v every_o good_a christian_a one_o way_n or_o other_o to_o employ_v his_o endeavour_n deo_fw-la laus_fw-la honos_fw-la &_o gloria_fw-la in_o omne_fw-la aewm_fw-la finis_fw-la ¶_o the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o this_o treatise_n cap._n 1_o of_o fullness_n emptiness_n and_o their_o division_n 2_o what_o evacuation_n be_v and_o the_o kind_n and_o diffece_n thereof_o 3_o what_o phlebotomy_n be_v and_o from_o whence_o the_o open_n of_o a_o vein_n do_v evacuate_v 4_o whether_o phlebotomy_n must_v go_v before_o purge_v or_o contrary_a 5_o of_o the_o effect_n that_o be_v the_o profit_n &_o disprofit_n of_o bleed_a 6_o of_o rewlsion_n that_o be_v pull_v back_o and_o derivation_n that_o be_v turn_v a_o side_n of_o blood_n and_o humour_n by_o open_v of_o a_o vein_n 7_o whether_o purgation_n by_o siege_n or_o inward_a medicine_n receive_v can_v not_o or_o may_v not_o evacuate_v the_o blood_n and_o the_o reason_n answer_v that_o be_v bring_v for_o proof_n thereof_o 8_o of_o the_o impediment_n or_o let_n of_o phlebotomy_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n require_v and_o further_a the_o same_o 9_o of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v meet_v or_o not_o meet_v to_o be_v let_v blood_n 10_o what_o corruption_n of_o humour_n bleed_v remove_v from_o the_o vein_n general_o 11_o a_o particular_a rehearsal_n of_o those_o disease_n present_a or_o future_a which_o be_v cure_v by_o bleed_v 12_o what_o voluntary_a eruption_n of_o blood_n profit_v in_o sickness_n 13_o how_o to_o know_v by_o certain_a sign_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o disease_n &_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o natural_a force_n whereby_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o patient_a be_v to_o be_v let_v blood_n or_o no._n 14_o to_o know_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o disease_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o natural_a power_n the_o quantity_n of_o blood_n that_o must_v be_v withdraw_v 15_o a_o observation_n of_o thing_n present_a and_o past_a and_o also_o a_o foresight_n of_o thing_n future_a needful_a and_o necessary_a to_o the_o further_a knowledge_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o blood_n that_o must_v be_v take_v 16_o of_o the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o the_o sickness_n of_o the_o year_n of_o the_o day_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n when_o a_o man_n be_v to_o bleed_v or_o not_o to_o bleed_v 17_o of_o astrological_a observation_n in_o bleed_v and_o of_o a_o other_o observation_n near_o annex_v unto_o the_o same_o show_v what_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v to_o be_v open_v according_a to_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n 18_o what_o preparation_n must_v go_v before_o bleed_v 19_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o incision_n 20_o a_o prescription_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o patient_a after_o bleed_v 21_o what_o vein_n be_v to_o be_v open_v both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a disease_n 22_o a_o profitable_a observation_n of_o the_o blood_n extract_v 23_o a_o short_a rehearsal_n of_o 8._o ancient_a error_n touch_v bleed_a and_o a_o sufficient_a confutation_n of_o they_o by_o ancient_a authority_n 24_o a_o sufficient_a confutation_n of_o the_o suppose_a necessity_n of_o annual_a bleed_n 25_o of_o incision_n of_o the_o artery_n 26_o of_o particular_a evacuation_n of_o blood_n and_o first_o of_o bloodsucker_n and_o horseleech_n 27_o of_o cup_a or_o box_v and_o scarification_n the_o other_o two_o particular_a evacuation_n of_o blood_n 28_o a_o profitable_a compendious_a table_n of_o phlebotomy_n or_o blood_n let_v contain_v diverse_a point_n in_o this_o treatise_n handle_v &_o discuss_v off_o and_o set_v down_o by_o division_n the_o general_a and_o special_a consideration_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o name_n of_o the_o author_n who_o help_n be_v chief_o use_v in_o this_o collection_n aristotle_n actuarius_n aetius_n avicen_n alexius_n andernacus_n auerroes_n arnoldus_fw-la de_fw-fr villa_n nova_fw-la bacchanellus_n bullein_n anglus_fw-la cornelius_n celsus_n eliota_n anglus_fw-la fernelius_n fuchsius_n galenus_n gesnerus_fw-la hypocrates_n rich._n harueius_n anglus_fw-la hollâ—rius_n johannes_n de_fw-fr santo_n amando_fw-la johannes_n de_fw-fr vigo_fw-la mesue_n oribasius_n paulus_n aegineta_n rhasis_n rondoletus_n schola_fw-la salerni_n weckerus_n london_n print_v by_o william_n hoskins_n &_o john_n danter_n dwell_v in_o feter-lane_n 1592._o â—yâ—sts_v iâ—_n 〈◊〉_d â—*_n cephalica_fw-la bâ—siliâ—â—_n coraâ—â—_n id_fw-la 〈…〉_o vena_fw-la saluatel_n domestics_n 〈…〉_o silâ—atica_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 1._o substanti_fw-la 2._o serum_n 3._o spuma_fw-la â—_o pinguedo_fw-la 8._o subsidentia_n 7._o grana_n