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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
B11307 The essayes or counsels, ciuill and morall, of Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount St. Alban; Essays Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. 1625 (1625) STC 1148; ESTC S100362 104,580 356

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may beare Vsury at a good Rate Other Contracts not so To serue both Intentions the way would be briefly thus That there be Two Rates of Vsury The one Free and Generall for All The other vnder Licence only to Certaine Persons and in Certaine Places of Merchandizing First therefore let Vsury in generall be reduced to Fiue in the Hundred And let that Rate be proclaimed to be Free and Current And let the State shut it selfe out to take any Penalty for the same This will preserue Borrowing from any generall Stop or Drinesse This will ease infinite Borrowers in the Countrie This will in good Part raise the Price of Land because Land purchased at Sixteene yeares Purchase wil yeeld Six in the Hundred and somewhat more whereas this Rate of Interest Yeelds but Fiue This by like reason will Encourage and edge Industrious and Profitable Improuements Because Many will rather venture in that kinde then take Fiue in the Hundred especially hauing beene vsed to greater Profit Secondly let there be Certaine Persons licensed to Lend to knowne Merchants vpon Vsury at a Higher-Rate and let it be with the Cautions following Let the Rate be euen with the Merchant himselfe somewhat more easie then that he vsed formerly to pay For by that Meanes all Borrowers shall haue some ease by this Reformation be he Merchant or whosoeuer Let it be no Banke or Common Stocke but euery Man be Master of his owne Money Not that I altogether Mislike Banks but they will hardly be brooked in regard of certain suspicions Let the State be answered some small Matter for the Licence and the rest left to the Lender For if the Abatement be but small it will no whit discourage the Lender For he for Example that tooke before Ten or Nine in the Hundred wil sooner descend to Eight in the Hundred then giue ouer his Trade of Vsury And goe from Certaine Gaines to Gaines of Hazard Let these Licenced Lenders be in Number Indefinite but restrained to Certaine Principall Cities and Townes of Merchandizing For then they will be hardly able to Colour other Mens Moneyes in the Country So as the Licence of Nine will not sucke away the current Rate of Fiue For no Man will send his Moneyes farre off nor put them into Vnknown Hands If it be Obiected that this doth in a Sort Authorize Vsury which before was in some places but Permissiue The Answer is That it is better to Mitigate Vsury by Declaration then to suffer it to Rage by Conniuence Of Youth and Age. XLII A Man that is Young in yeares may be Old in Houres if he haue lost no Time But that happeneth rarely Generally youth is like the first Cogitations not so Wise as the Second For there is a youth in thoughts as well as in Ages And yet the Inuention of Young Men is more liuely then that of Old And Imaginations streame into their Mindes better and as it were more Diuinely Natures that haue much Heat and great and violent desires and Perturbations are not ripe for Action till they haue passed the Meridian of their yeares As it was with Iulius Caesar Septimiꝰ Seuerꝰ Of the latter of whom it is said Iuuētutem egit Erroribus imò Furoribus plenā And yet he was the Ablest Emperour almost of all the List But Reposed Natures may doe well in Youth As it is seene in Augustus Caesar Cosmus Duke of Florence Gaston de Fois and others On the other side Heate and Viuacity in Age is an Excellent Composition for Businesse Young Men are Fitter to Inuent then to Iudge Fitter for Execution then for Counsell And Fitter for New Proiects then for Setled Businesse For the Experience of Age in Things that fall within the compasse of it directeth them But in New Things abuseth them The Errours of Young Men are the Ruine of Businesse But the Errours of Aged Men amount but to this That more might haue beene done or sooner Young Men in the Conduct and Mannage of Actions Embrace more then they can Hold Stirre more then they can Quiet Fly to the End without Consideration of the Meanes and Degrees Pursue some few Principles which they haue chanced vpon absurdly Care not to Innouate which draws vnknowne Inconueniences Vse extreme Remedies at first And that which doubleth all Errours will not acknowledge or retract them Like an vnready Horse that will neither Stop nor Turne Men of Age Obiect too much Consult too long Aduenture too little Repent too soone and seldome driue Businesse home to the full Period But content themselues with a Mediocrity of Successe Certainly it is good to compound Employments of both For that will be Good for the Present because the Vertues of either Age may correct the defects of both And good for Succession that Young Men may be Learners while Men in Age are Actours And lastly Good for Externe Accidents because Authority followeth Old Men And Fauour and Popularity Youth But for the Morall Part perhaps Youth will haue the preheminence as Age hath for the Politique A certaine Rabbine vpon the Text Your Young Men shall see visions and your Old Menshall dreame dreames Inferreth that Young Men are admitted nearer to God then Old Because Vision is a clearer Reuelation then a Dreame And certainly the more a Man drinketh of the World the more it intoxicateth And Age doth profit rather in the Powers of Vnderstanding then in the Vertues of the Will and Affections There be some haue an Ouer-early Ripenesse in their yeares which fadeth betimes These are first Such as haue Brittle Wits the Edge whereof is soone turned Such as was Hermogenes the Rhetorician whose Books are exceeding Subtill Who afterwards waxed Stupid A Second Sort is of those that haue some naturall dispositions which haue better Grace in Youth then in Age Such as is a fluent and Luxuriant Speech which becomes Youth well but not Age So Tully saith of Hortentius Idemmanebat neque idem decebat The third is of such as take too high a Straine at the First And are Magnanimous more then Tract of yeares can vphold As was Scipio Affricanus of whom Liuy saith in effect Vltima primis cedebant Of Beauty XLIII VErtue is like a Rich Stone best plaine set And surely Vertue is best in a Body that is comely though not of Delicate Features And that hath rather dignity of Presence then Beauty of Aspect Neither is it almost seene that very Beautifull Persons are otherwise of great Vertue As if Nature were rather Busie not to erre then in labour to produce Excellency And therefore they proue Accomplished but not of great Spirit And Study rather Behauiour then Vertue But this holds not alwaies For Augustus Caesar Titus Vespasianus Philip le Belle of France Edward the Fourth of England Alcibiades of Athens Ismael the Sophy of Persia were all High and Great Spirits And yet the most Beautifull Men of their Times In Beauty that of Fauour is more then that of Colour And