man_n retain_v in_o nothing_o so_o much_o a_o desire_n to_o be_v like_o his_o maker_n as_o in_o that_o he_o will_v be_v supreme_a and_o no_o wonder_n that_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v incident_a to_o he_o in_o this_o lapse_v condition_n when_o his_o will_n be_v crooked_a and_o his_o judgement_n blind_a since_o the_o very_a angel_n in_o their_o purity_n and_o man_n in_o his_o innocence_n be_v tempt_v by_o it_o so_o that_o since_o man_n have_v subject_v themselves_o to_o government_n we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v they_o find_v a_o great_a convenience_n in_o this_o submission_n else_o they_o have_v never_o offer_v so_o much_o violence_n to_o their_o own_o inclination_n to_o society_n and_o law_n we_o owe_v every_o moment_n the_o preservation_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n which_o nothing_o but_o discipline_n do_v secure_a and_o without_o a_o entire_a submission_n these_o society_n will_v be_v but_o company_n of_o robber_n and_o law_n but_o mere_a toy_n how_o many_o danger_n do_v governor_n incur_v and_o by_o how_o many_o care_n and_o fear_n be_v they_o disquiet_v wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o those_o who_o govern_v shall_v be_v more_o secure_a against_o their_o subject_n then_o against_o their_o enemy_n since_o they_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o wrong_v by_o those_o who_o live_v in_o their_o own_o bosom_n and_o who_o have_v easy_a and_o open_a access_n to_o they_o in_o other_o crime_n one_o or_o at_o most_o few_o be_v wrong_v whereas_o in_o rebellion_n and_o laese_n majesty_n the_o whole_a society_n be_v offend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o those_o who_o design_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o supreme_a governor_n which_o crime_n we_o call_v treason_n shall_v of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o the_o basilick_n l._n 1._o h._n 1._o observe_v well_o that_o treason_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o treason_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n divide_v in_o perduellionem_fw-la &_o laesam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la perduellion_n be_v that_o treason_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n immediate_o adversus_fw-la populum_fw-la romanum_fw-la vel_fw-la securitatem_fw-la ejus_fw-la laese_n majesty_n as_o oppose_v to_o perduellion_n be_v commit_v by_o speak_v against_o the_o prince_n reveal_v his_o secret_n etc._n etc._n this_o crime_n be_v punish_v per_fw-la legem_fw-la juliam_fw-la the_o branch_n whereof_o be_v the_o raise_n of_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n the_o be_v in_o accession_n to_o the_o flight_n of_o such_o as_o be_v hostage_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o to_o the_o kill_n of_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o keep_a correspondence_n with_o the_o enemy_n the_o continue_v to_o govern_v a_o province_n after_o a_o a_o successor_n be_v name_v the_o levy_v of_o a_o army_n and_o run_v in_o to_o the_o enemy_n all_o which_o be_v express_o enumerat_a ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul._n majestat_fw-la ii_o betwixt_o these_o two_o hottoman_n assign_v these_o four_o difference_n 1._o that_o perduellion_n be_v that_o whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o general_n wrong_v qui_fw-la summam_fw-la rei_fw-la publicae_fw-la lube_fw-la factare_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la be_v that_o whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o wrong_v in_o a_o part_n or_o by_o consequence_n as_o to_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o escape_v or_o to_o conceal_v they_o etc._n etc._n the_o 2._o be_v the_o crime_n of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v have_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n in_o foro_fw-la but_o perduellion_n can_v not_o be_v pursue_v but_o in_o the_o great_a meeting_n of_o the_o people_n à _fw-la populo_fw-la romano_n comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it martio_fw-la whence_o probable_o do_v arise_v the_o judge_a treason_n by_o parliament_n with_o we_o the_o 3._o be_v that_o the_o crime_n of_o ordinary_a laese_n majesty_n be_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n as_o perduellion_n be_v but_o with_o banishment_n the_o 4._o be_v that_o the_o ordinary_a laese_n majesty_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n but_o perduellion_n be_v punishable_a after_o death_n iii_o treason_n may_v be_v with_o we_o divide_v in_o perduellion_n which_o we_o call_v high_a treason_n call_v by_o the_o english_a law_n alta_fw-la proditio_fw-la or_o rebellion_n which_o be_v only_o with_o we_o a_o rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n and_o laese_n majesty_n such_o as_o to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n and_o in_o statutory_a treason_n which_o be_v not_o treason_n proper_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o a_o particular_a statute_n as_o be_v that_o of_o murder_n under_o trust_n theft_n in_o landed-man_n etc._n etc._n iv._o perduellion_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v rebellion_n in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v so_o call_v extravagan_a hen._n 7._o qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n and_o there_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o rebel_n &_o infideles_fw-la imperii_fw-la qui_fw-la quom_fw-la docunque_fw-la aliquid_fw-la machinantur_fw-la contra_fw-la prosperitatem_fw-la imperii_fw-la but_o i_o find_v not_o the_o word_n rebellion_n use_v in_o the_o law_n before_o that_o time_n yet_o sometime_o rebellion_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o in_o the_o 3._o act_n 1._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v say_v no_o man_n shall_v rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n open_o nor_o notour_o but_o the_o adverb_n there_o use_v open_o and_o notour_o in_o that_o and_o the_o subsequent_a act_n interpret_v sufficient_o the_o word_n rise_v against_o the_o king_n person_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o that_o be_v call_v perduellion_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n viz._n siquis_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la principem_fw-la vel_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la animatus_fw-la sit_fw-la to_o raise_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n then_o or_o to_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n be_v the_o first_o and_o high_a degree_n of_o treason_n ja._n 2._o par._n 6._o act_n 25._o where_o it_o be_v call_v a_o raise_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n which_o act_n comprehend_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o treason_n like_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n majest_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v follow_v that_o method_n and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o act_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v treason_n to_o rise_v in_o fear_n of_o war_n against_o his_o person_n or_o majesty_n of_o what_o ever_o age_n he_o be_v of_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n yet_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n will_v not_o defend_v the_o rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o argyle_n be_v pursue_v upon_o this_o act_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n then_o the_o king_n commissioner_n for_o the_o analysis_n of_o that_o act_n must_v run_v run_v so_o as_o that_o these_o word_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n can_v be_v add_v to_o all_o the_o former_a treason_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o act_n for_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o act_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n for_o else_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o not_o the_o king_n will_v be_v sovereign_a for_o they_o only_o be_v sovereign_a against_o who_o treason_n can_v be_v commit_v but_o these_o word_n must_v only_o be_v take_v as_o add_v to_o the_o last_o crime_n prohibit_v which_o be_v the_o assail_a of_o the_o castle_n or_o house_n where_o the_o king_n person_n be_v which_o may_v be_v lawful_o do_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o if_o the_o king_n be_v very_o young_a be_v take_v prisoner_n as_o our_o king_n ofttimes_o be_v in_o their_o minority_n it_o have_v be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o these_o who_o go_v to_o assail_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n that_o castle_n where_o the_o king_n person_n be_v shall_v be_v punish_v as_o traitor_n because_o of_o their_o obedience_n but_o to_o suppress_v all_o pretext_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o 5_o act_n 1_o parl._n 1_o sess._n ch._n 2._o that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v treason_n for_o any_o number_n of_o man_n less_o or_o more_o upon_o any_o ground_n or_o pretext_n whatsoever_o to_o rise_v or_o continue_v in_o arm_n to_o maintain_v any_o fort_n strength_n or_o garrison_n or_o to_o make_v league_n or_o treaty_n among_o themselves_o or_o with_o foreign_a prince_n without_o his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o approbation_n first_o interpon_v thereto_o or_o to_o attempt_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n under_o
express_o treason_n by_o the_o 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o cap._n 14._o whereby_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o none_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o authority_n and_o the_o house_n be_v here_o garrison_v to_o defend_v against_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v come_v to_o eject_v in_o his_o majesty_n name_n to_o resist_v he_o be_v to_o resist_v his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o be_v garrison_v in_o furtherance_n of_o rebel_n and_o rebellion_n it_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o likeas_n the_o convocation_n be_v of_o about_o 400._o man_n or_o thereby_o under_o the_o command_n of_o captain_n ensign_n and_o other_o officer_n it_o be_v likewise_o treason_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n and_o the_o 5._o act._n 1._o parl._n ch._n 2._o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o house_n not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o deforcement_n whereupon_o the_o pursuer_n be_v force_v to_o allege_v of_o new_a that_o they_o insist_v against_o he_o for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n raise_v at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n against_o assint_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n they_o find_v that_o the_o garrison_n and_o provide_v of_o the_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n likeas_n they_o refuse_v to_o sustain_v that_o article_n wherein_o be_v libel_v the_o raise_n of_o man_n and_o the_o dispose_n they_o in_o company_n under_o colour_n to_o be_v relevant_a except_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v a_o hundred_o man_n or_o upward_o and_o be_v under_o colour_n or_o muster_v or_o under_o weekly_a or_o daily_o pay_v and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n both_o which_o interlocutor_n seem_v surprise_v for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o garrison_n of_o any_o house_n against_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o judge_n be_v to_o garrison_n it_o against_o the_o king_n '_o authority_n for_o a_o sheriff_n do_v represent_v the_o king_n in_o his_o authority_n as_o much_o as_o any_o soldier_n do_v and_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o to_o garrison_n house_n against_o the_o king_n soldier_n be_v treason_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v no_o sentence_n can_v receive_v execution_n in_o scotland_n since_o every_o man_n may_v garrison_n his_o house_n and_o every_o man_n may_v deny_v that_o he_o garrison_v his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n and_o authorise_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o house_n be_v so_o clear_o a_o warlike_a action_n that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o debate_v upon_o intention_n and_o though_o the_o defend_n house_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v as_o deforcement_n yet_o the_o formal_a garrison_n of_o it_o import_v much_o more_o and_o the_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n do_v not_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o crime_n commit_v in_o garrison_v the_o house_n for_o the_o design_n of_o such_o letter_n be_v only_o to_o warrant_n and_o command_v the_o liedge_n to_o prosecute_v they_o as_o rebel_n so_o that_o before_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o letter_n they_o be_v account_v open_a and_o notorious_a rebel_n for_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v only_o grant_v against_o such_o and_o therefore_o assint_fw-la in_o garrison_v his_o house_n to_o defend_v such_o do_v express_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la seem_v likewise_o very_o hard_o for_o raise_v man_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n and_o list_v they_o under_o colour_n or_o swear_v they_o to_o colour_n be_v certain_o exercitum_fw-la comparare_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o commission_n of_o fire_n or_o sword_n for_o the_o design_n of_o these_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o make_v a_o traitor_n but_o to_o prosecute_v actual_a rebel_n and_o though_o this_o army_n be_v not_o levy_v to_o oppose_v immediate_o the_o king_n government_n yet_o even_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n within_o the_o kingdom_n though_o no_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v be_v treason_n for_o that_o be_v to_o usurp_v the_o king_n power_n but_o much_o more_o be_v this_o criminal_a when_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o wicked_a design_n of_o oppose_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o king_n law_n to_o see_v which_o execute_v be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o his_o kingly_a government_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a 17_o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n liedge_n against_o his_o forbid_v and_o if_o any_o do_v the_o king_n be_v to_o gang_n upon_o they_o with_o assistance_n of_o the_o hall_n land_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o after_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o trespass_n viii_o the_o five_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o assail_v castle_n or_o place_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v or_o be_v for_o the_o time_n ibid._n but_o this_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v to_o be_v treason_n if_o the_o assaulter_n know_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o upon_o design_n to_o rescue_v he_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o estate_n as_o say_v be_v ix_o the_o six_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n or_o army_n wilful_o ja._n 2._o parl._n 12._o act_n 54._o upon_o which_o act_n the_o mr._n of_o forbes_n be_v hang_v for_o raise_v sedition_n in_o the_o king_n host_n at_o jedburgh_n 14._o july_n 1537._o x._o the_o seven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n which_o act_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o kin_n friend_n fortifier_n and_o maintainer_n of_o these_o who_o be_v kill_v as_o traitor_n because_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o when_o these_o who_o be_v so_o relate_v trouble_v the_o killer_n it_o be_v presumeable_a the_o trouble_n arise_v upon_o that_o account_n 2._o these_o relation_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v the_o killer_n any_o grudge_n or_o injure_v they_o by_o word_n or_o writ_n nota_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o grudge_n need_v not_o be_v prove_v but_o be_v presume_v presumption_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o here_o lex_fw-la praesumit_fw-la &_o disponit_fw-la super_fw-la praesumpto_fw-la xi_o the_o eight_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o impugn_v the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n or_o to_o seek_v and_o procure_v the_o innovation_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o power_n or_o authority_n act_n 130_o parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o direct_a impugn_v of_o their_o authority_n as_o if_o one_o contend_v that_o parliament_n be_v not_o necessary_a or_o that_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n may_v be_v turn_v out_o xii_o the_o nine_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o council_n in_o any_o case_n whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a and_o the_o king_n council_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o cause_n whatsoever_o whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a of_o what_o ever_o degree_n or_o function_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v summon_v shall_v be_v act_n 129._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o which_o act_n be_v make_v to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o ministry_n who_o about_o that_o time_n use_v constant_o to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n in_o ecclesiastic_a matter_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n mr._n andrew_n crightoun_n be_v sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o demain_v as_o traitor_n septemb_n 1610._o and_o mr._n james_n guthrie_n be_v execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n jurisdiction_n at_o strivil_v when_o he_o be_v challenge_v for_o some_o word_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n from_o this_o act_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n judge_v competent_a over_o all_o cause_n and_o all_o person_n even_o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o own_o instance_n which_o will_v appear_v both_o from_o the_o rubric_n and_o statutory_a part_n of_o the_o act_n albeit_o regulariter_fw-la no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n xiii_o the_o ten_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n but_o conceal_v in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o the_o concealer_n can_v have_v prove_v it_o for_o else_o he_o have_v by_o reveal_v and_o not_o prove_v make_v himself_o guilty_a of_o treason_n this_o conceal_n of_o treason_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n call_v misprision_n of_o treason_n and_o be_v punish_v only_o
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
the_o pain_n of_o treason_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v the_o rise_n in_o arm_n or_o make_v league_n see_v that_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v his_o majesty_n prerogative_n 2._o that_o the_o rise_n in_o defensive_a arm_n be_v treason_n by_o these_o word_n upon_o what_o pretext_n soever_o 3._o that_o nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n treason_n by_o these_o word_n to_o attempt_v by_o the_o english_a law_n the_o conspire_v to_o raise_v a_o war_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o it_o be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la raise_v and_o with_o they_o if_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o throw_v down_o private_a house_n or_o for_o any_o private_a cause_n it_o be_v but_o a_o riot_n but_o if_o these_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o reform_v law_n or_o religion_n or_o upon_o any_o public_a account_n than_o it_o be_v account_v the_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n cook_n hoc_fw-la tit_n pag._n 9_o who_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o three_o conspire_v to_o levy_v a_o war_n it_o be_v treason_n if_o in_o the_o mere_a conspirer_n if_o the_o rest_n thereafter_o levy_v actual_o a_o war_n though_o he_o be_v not_o present_a and_o in_o that_o sense_n only_o i_o will_v interpret_v the_o severe_a l._n 19_o basil._n h._n t._n propter_fw-la cogitationem_fw-la dignus_fw-la est_fw-la poena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o english_a law_n require_v still_o owert_a fait_fw-fr a_o open_a deed_n this_o rise_n in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o call_v seditio_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la reg._n majest_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o &_o cap._n 11._o ibid._n ad_fw-la tit_n sedit_fw-la the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n person_n and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o kind_n of_o treason_n express_v in_o the_o former_a act_n 25._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 2._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v treason_n to_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o person_n violent_o what_o ever_o age_n he_o be_v of_o which_o word_n be_v add_v to_o clear_v that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o rebel_v even_o against_o his_o authority_n before_o he_o be_v proclaim_v or_o crown_v for_o the_o be_v crown_v or_o proclaim_v be_v tantum_fw-la declaratoria_fw-la juris_fw-la sed_fw-la nihil_fw-la novi_fw-la juris_fw-la tribuit_fw-la it_o be_v the_o jus_o sanguinis_fw-la and_o succession_n of_o blood_n which_o make_v he_o king_n this_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v likewise_o declare_v act_n 3._o and_o 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o and_o in_o their_o case_n affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o master_n of_o forbes_n be_v hurl_v through_o the_o calsey_n hang_v and_o quarter_v for_o imagine_v this_o be_v a_o english_a term_n which_o signify_v a_o design_n to_o shoot_v k._n james_n the_o 5_o 17._o july_n 1537._o and_o the_o countess_n of_o glames_z be_v burn_v for_o imagine_v to_o poison_v the_o say_a king_n james_n the_o five_o 17._o july_n 1537._o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o treason_n to_o kill_v a_o king_n out_o of_o possession_n cook_n pag._n 9_o but_o this_o seem_v unjust_a if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v clear_a as_o our_o king_n be_v in_o exile_n though_o in_o dubious_a case_n such_o as_o betwixt_o the_o bruce_n and_o balliol_n possession_n may_v difference_n the_o case_n to_o kill_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n be_v with_o they_o treason_n 25._o stat._n edw._n 3._o the_o three_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v the_o reset_a any_o who_o have_v commit_v treason_n or_o that_o supply_v they_o in_o red_a help_n or_o counsel_n cujus_fw-la opera_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la host_n populi_fw-la romani_fw-la pecunia_fw-la aliave_fw-la re_fw-la adjuti_fw-la erant_fw-la this_o be_v likewise_o discharge_v act._n 97._o parl._n 7._o ja._n 5._o where_o all_o the_o liedge_n be_v forbid_v to_o reset_v supply_n or_o maintain_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n rebel_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o if_o any_o disobey_v to_o enforce_v id_fw-la est_fw-la to_o second_v the_o king_n against_o notour_n rebel_n against_o his_o person_n when_o they_o be_v require_v and_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n as_o favourer_n of_o such_o rebel_n except_o they_o have_v for_o they_o a_o reasonable_a excusation_n act_n 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v the_o refuse_v to_o assist_v against_o rebel_n that_o be_v not_o notour_n or_o against_o rebel_n that_o have_v not_o commit_v any_o other_o treason_n than_o perduellion_n can_v infer_v with_o we_o the_o guilt_n of_o treason_n the_o doctor_n here_o debate_v whether_o a_o wife_n reset_a her_o own_o husband_n or_o a_o father_n his_o son_n commit_v treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o relation_n of_o sovereign_n and_o subject_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o all_o other_o relation_n shall_v cede_fw-la to_o it_o and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o state_n lose_v all_o relation_n l._n post_fw-la liminium_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlimin_n yet_o the_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o if_o any_o of_o these_o relation_n assist_v a_o rebel_n with_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o as_o a_o man_n as_o meat_n drink_z etc._n etc._n in_o that_o case_n they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n but_o if_o they_o assist_v these_o relation_n with_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o in_o their_o treason_n than_o they_o be_v guilty_a farin_n quest_n 113._o num_fw-la 280._o and_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 20._o for_o albeit_o rebel_n lose_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n yet_o they_o retain_v those_o privilege_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o nature_n bartol_n ad_fw-la l._n amissum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlim_fw-la and_o thus_o caesar_n pardon_v pompey_n son_n and_o tiberius_n piso_n son_n albeit_o they_o follow_v their_o father_n after_o they_o be_v declare_v traitor_n but_o i_o find_v in_o our_o law_n many_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n as_o in_o july_n 1537._o where_o janet_n dowglas_n lady_n glames_z be_v convict_v and_o burn_v for_o fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o george_n dowglas_n her_o brethren_n traitor_n and_o rebel_n and_o 18._o july_n 1537._o the_o mr._n of_o glames_z be_v hang_v and_o draw_v for_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v the_o treasonable_a design_n of_o his_o mother_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n but_o the_o countess_n of_o errol_n be_v pursue_v for_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o bothwel_n at_o least_o for_o not_o reveal_v a_o letter_n she_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o bothwels_n lady_n desire_v assistance_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o lady_n that_o the_o countess_n of_o bothwel_n be_v no_o rebel_n though_o her_o husband_n be_v and_o that_o she_o have_v not_o consent_v this_o be_v delay_v anno_fw-la 1596._o vii_o the_o four_o species_n or_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o stuff_v the_o house_n of_o they_o who_o be_v convict_v of_o treason_n and_o hold_v they_o against_o the_o king_n or_o that_o stuff_v any_o of_o their_o own_o house_n in_o further_a of_o the_o king_n rebel_n which_o be_v express_v also_o by_o the_o former_a act_n yet_o i_o think_v this_o rather_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a point_n than_o a_o separate_a point_n of_o treason_n for_o both_o these_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o help_n red_a or_o counsel_n robert_n stewart_n be_v hang_v for_o keep_v out_o his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o orknay_n his_o father_n be_v hang_v for_o hound_v out_o his_o son_n the_o one_o the_o 5._o of_o january_n and_o the_o other_o the_o 1._o of_o february_n 1615._o and_o cunninghame_n of_o tourland_n be_v forefault_n and_o execute_v for_o assist_v his_o brother_n in_o keep_v out_o the_o house_n of_o cunninghame-head_n 15._o february_n 1601._o but_o yet_o when_o house_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v render_v be_v keep_v only_o for_o private_a cause_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n though_o the_o party_n disobey_v yet_o if_o he_o thereafter_o yield_v that_o manner_n of_o keep_v out_o house_n will_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n but_o arbitrary_o as_o in_o burgy_n case_n 1668._o the_o 2._o of_o february_n 2674._o mackloud_o of_o assint_fw-la be_v pannele_v for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n of_o arbreak_n and_o convocate_a his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 400._o man_n under_o pay_n and_o colour_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o assint_fw-la here_o only_o fortify_v his_o house_n and_o convocat_n his_o man_n to_o oppose_v the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n but_o not_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v he_o pretend_v any_o quarrel_n against_o the_o government_n but_o against_o private_a oppression_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o be_v
she_o know_v she_o will_v starve_v for_o no_o person_n thereafter_o will_v either_o give_v her_o meat_n or_o lodging_n and_o that_o all_o man_n will_v beat_v she_o and_o hound_n dog_n at_o she_o and_o that_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o she_o weep_v most_o bitter_o and_o upon_o her_o knee_n call_v god_n to_o witness_v to_o what_o she_o say_v another_o tell_v i_o that_o she_o be_v afraid_a the_o devil_n will_v challenge_v a_o right_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o servant_n and_o will_v haunt_v she_o as_o the_o minister_n say_v when_o he_o be_v desire_v she_o to_o confess_v and_o therefore_o she_o desire_v to_o die_v and_o real_o minister_n be_v ofttimes_o indiscreet_a in_o their_o zeal_n to_o have_v poor_a creature_n to_o confess_v in_o this_o and_o i_o recommend_v to_o judge_n that_o the_o wise_a minister_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o they_o and_o those_o who_o be_v send_v shall_v be_v cautious_a in_o this_o vi_o many_o of_o they_o confess_v thing_n which_o all_o divine_n conclude_v impossible_a as_o transmutation_n of_o their_o body_n into_o beast_n and_o money_n into_o stone_n and_o their_o go_v through_o wall_n and_o close_o door_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o ridiculous_a thing_n which_o have_v no_o truth_n nor_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o fancy_n vii_o the_o accuser_n here_o be_v master_n or_o neighbour_n who_o have_v their_o child_n dead_a and_o be_v engage_v by_o grief_n to_o suspect_v these_o poor_a creature_n i_o know_v one_o likewise_o burn_v because_o the_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o she_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o they_o be_v never_o assist_v or_o defend_v by_o their_o relation_n viii_o the_o witness_n and_o assyser_n be_v afraid_a that_o if_o they_o escape_v that_o they_o will_v die_v for_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o take_v a_o unwarrantable_a latitude_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o who_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o country_n assize_n of_o neighbour_n do_v escape_v that_o trial_n ix_o commission_n be_v grant_v ordinary_o to_o gentleman_n and_o other_o in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v suspect_v upon_o this_o account_n and_o who_o be_v not_o exact_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o crime_n which_o be_v so_o debateable_a among_o the_o most_o learned_a nor_o have_v the_o panel_n any_o to_o plead_v for_o they_o and_o to_o take_v notice_n who_o be_v lead_v as_o witness_n so_o that_o many_o be_v admit_v who_o be_v testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la and_o suspect_v and_o albeit_o their_o confession_n be_v send_v to_o and_o advise_v by_o the_o council_n before_o such_o commission_n be_v grant_v yet_o the_o council_n can_v know_v how_o these_o confession_n be_v emit_v nor_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o can_v be_v know_v at_o a_o distance_n very_o many_o of_o these_o poor_a silly_a woman_n do_v reseal_a at_o the_o stake_n from_o the_o confâ—ssions_n they_o emit_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o yet_o have_v die_v very_o penitent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o few_o will_v accuse_v themselves_o or_o confess_v against_o their_o own_o life_n yet_o very_a many_o confess_v this_o crime_n 3._o the_o method_n i_o shall_v use_v in_o treat_v of_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v 1._o upon_o what_o suspicion_n witch_n may_v be_v apprehend_v 2._o what_o judge_n be_v competent_a 3._o what_o ditty_n be_v be_v relevant_a 4._o what_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a 5._o what_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o i_o know_v it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o scotland_n not_o only_o that_o magistrate_n do_v apprehend_v witch_n almost_o upon_o any_o dilation_n but_o even_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v likewise_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o keep_v they_o so_o till_o they_o transmit_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o justice_n of_o peace_n magistrate_n or_o to_o some_o open_a prison_n but_o all_o this_o procedor_fw-la be_v most_o unwarrantable_a for_o gentleman_n and_o such_o as_o be_v vest_v with_o no_o authority_n shall_v upon_o no_o account_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n apprehend_v any_o upon_o suspicion_n that_o they_o be_v witch_n since_o to_o apprehend_v be_v a_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v no_o prison_n shall_v receive_v any_o as_o suspect_v of_o witchcraft_n until_o they_o know_v that_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o be_v apprehend_v by_o lawful_a authority_n 2._o since_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o punishment_n and_o constant_o attend_v with_o much_o infamy_n to_o the_o name_n and_o detriment_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o he_o who_o be_v imprison_v especial_o in_o witchcraft_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o there_o must_v some_o presumption_n precede_v all_o inquisition_n for_o the_o mean_a degree_n of_o inquisition_n though_o without_o captour_n do_v somewhat_o defame_v and_o that_o the_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v apprehend_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o the_o inquisition_n that_o she_o lie_v under_o either_o many_o or_o pregnant_a suspicion_n such_o as_o that_o she_o be_v defame_v by_o other_o witch_n that_o she_o have_v be_v herself_o of_o a_o evil_a fame_n that_o she_o have_v be_v find_v charm_v or_o that_o the_o ordinary_a instrument_n of_o charm_v be_v find_v in_o her_o house_n and_o according_a to_o delrio_n opinion_n lib._n 5._o sect._n 2._o ad_fw-la assumendas_fw-la informationes_fw-la sufficiunt_fw-la levia_fw-la judicia_fw-la sed_fw-la gravia_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la ut_fw-la citetur_fw-la reus_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la judex_fw-la specialiter_fw-la inquirat_fw-la iv._o witchcraft_n be_v crimen_fw-la utriusque_fw-la fori_fw-la by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kirk-session_n use_v to_o inquire_v into_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o scandal_n and_o to_o take_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n to_o receive_v witness_n against_o they_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o janet_n barker_n and_o margaret_n lawder_n decemb_v 9_o 1643._o but_o since_o so_o much_o weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o deposition_n there_o emit_v kirk-session_n shall_v be_v very_o cautious_a in_o their_o procedor_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n q._n m._n 9_o parl._n 73._o act._n all_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o their_o depute_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v ordain_v to_o execute_v that_o act_n against_o witchcraft_n which_o can_v import_v no_o more_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v concur_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o apprehend_v or_o imprison_v the_o party_n suspect_v but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o they_o may_v concur_v that_o therefore_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o crime_n since_o the_o relevancy_n in_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o so_o intricat_a and_o the_o procedor_fw-la require_v necessary_o so_o much_o arbitrariness_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a that_o these_o consideration_n joint_o shall_v appropriate_v the_o cognition_n thereof_o sole_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n nor_o find_v i_o any_o instance_n wherein_o these_o inferior_a court_n have_v try_v this_o crime_n and_o albeit_o the_o council_n do_v ofttimes_o grant_v commission_n to_o countryman_n yet_o that_o seem_v dangerous_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o by_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v appoint_v that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o try_v murder_n and_o yet_o witchcraft_n shall_v be_v so_o try_v by_o commission_n the_o justice_n â—hen_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n in_o witchcraft_n v._o as_o to_o the_o relevancy_n in_o this_o crime_n the_o first_o article_n use_v to_o be_v paction_n to_o serve_v the_o devil_n which_o be_v certain_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la without_o any_o addition_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o inditement_n especial_o in_o that_o of_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 10._o 1661._o and_o by_o delrio_n carpz_n p._n 1._o quest_n 49._o and_o other_o but_o because_o the_o devil_n use_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o man_n when_o he_o desire_v these_o poor_a creature_n to_o serve_v he_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v interrogat_n if_o they_o know_v he_o to_o be_v the_o devil_n when_o they_o condescend_v to_o his_o service_n paction_n with_o the_o devil_n be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n in_o expressum_fw-la &_o tacitum_fw-la a_o express_a and_o tacit_n paction_n express_v paction_n be_v perform_v either_o by_o a_o formal_a promise_n give_v to_o the_o devil_n then_o present_a or_o by_o present_v a_o supplication_n to_o he_o or_o by_o give_v the_o promise_n to_o a_o proxy_n or_o commissioner_n impower_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o that_o effect_n which_o be_v use_v by_o some_o who_o dare_v not_o see_v himself_o the_o formula_fw-la set_v down_o by_o delrio_n be_v i_o deny_v god_n creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o i_o adhere_v to_o
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la operam_fw-la pertineat_fw-la invadere_fw-la aut_fw-la capere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la &_o siquis_fw-la hoc_fw-la statutum_fw-la violare_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la in_fw-la quadruplum_fw-la ablata_fw-la restituat_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la jucurrat_fw-la imperiali_fw-la animadversione_n nihilominus_fw-la puniendus_fw-la and_o maranta_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la jud_v part_n 6._o act_n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o relate_v that_o this_o law_n be_v confirm_v in_o sicily_n by_o a_o express_a statute_n and_o all_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v on_o deut._n 24._o vers_fw-la 6._o no_o man_n shall_v take_v the_o upper_a nor_o nether_a millstone_n to_o pledge_v for_o he_o take_v a_o man_n life_n to_o pledge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o grotius_n observe_v out_o of_o philo._n which_o be_v call_v mola_fw-la &_o catillus_fw-la l._n cum_fw-la de_fw-la lanionis_fw-la §_o idem_fw-la consultus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr instructo_fw-la vel_fw-la instrumento_fw-la legato_fw-la iii_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o poind_n of_o such_o good_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o lord_n renton_n have_v in_o january_n 1666._o pursue_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o coldinghame_n for_o poind_v one_o of_o his_o plough_n ox_n when_o they_o be_v labour_v before_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v be_v allege_v that_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n see_v nothing_o can_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v a_o crime_n by_o a_o special_a statute_n and_o to_o which_o a_o special_a sanction_n be_v annex_v likeas_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n many_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n but_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v ever_o thereupon_o intent_a to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n see_v disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o assizer_n to_o the_o probation_n yet_o to_o distinguish_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o different_a cognition_n become_v very_o oft_o difficult_a upon_o these_o two_o account_n 1._o by_o express_v act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 151._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o because_o party_n be_v ofttimes_o frustrate_a of_o justice_n by_o allege_v irrelevancy_n against_o criminal_a libel_n therefore_o when_o the_o person_n complain_v upon_o be_v libel_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n no_o exception_n or_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o time_n come_v so_o that_o albeit_o the_o great_a debate_n concern_v relevancy_n among_o lawyer_n in_o criminal_a case_n do_v arise_v upon_o these_o common_a place_n cujus_fw-la open_a auxilio_fw-la assistentia_fw-la mandato_fw-la etc._n etc._n ea_fw-la crimina_fw-la erant_fw-la commissa_fw-la and_o from_o what_o circumstance_n these_o can_v be_v infer_v yet_o now_o the_o debate_n upon_o all_o this_o fall_v not_o by_o that_o act_n under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assize_n all_o these_o be_v branch_n and_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n 2._o the_o probation_n require_v ofttimes_o in_o it_o somewhat_o of_o relevancy_n to_o be_v previous_o debate_v as_o for_o instance_n whether_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v bind_v or_o what_o witness_n in_o law_n be_v receiveable_a or_o not_o all_o which_o case_n do_v ofttimes_o confound_v the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o assiser_n but_o for_o clear_v of_o these_o limit_n their_o follow_a conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o dubio_fw-la all_o that_o concern_v law_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o what_o concern_v fact_n by_o the_o assize_n 2._o regulariter_fw-la all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o libel_n fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v recommend_v it_o as_o a_o caution_n to_o advocat_n that_o when_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o assiser_n and_o find_v the_o case_n intricat_fw-la that_o they_o do_v not_o simple_o libel_v that_o such_o person_n be_v art_n and_o part_n but_o that_o they_o libel_v they_o to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o rescue_v the_o malefactor_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o qualification_n from_o which_o art_n and_o part_n be_v infer_v be_v express_o libel_v the_o justice_n be_v judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o inference_n but_o if_o these_o condescend_v not_o that_o they_o be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o so_o far_o as_o etc._n etc._n than_o the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o though_o the_o same_o be_v in_o apicibus_fw-la juris_fw-la because_o of_o the_o former_a act_n as_o be_v find_v in_o captain_n barclay_v case_n november_n 1668._o where_o they_o refuse_v to_o force_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o condescend_v quo_fw-la modo_fw-la art_n and_o part_n albeit_o this_o be_v very_o dangerous_a see_v assizer_n be_v ofttimes_o ignorant_a person_n and_o yet_o they_o force_v the_o panel_n to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n and_o will_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o assize_n to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o self-defence_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o probation_n as_o to_o which_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o reason_n of_o disparity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o case_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o assiser_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o other_o but_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o i_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o the_o statutory_a part_n of_o that_o act_n commit_v the_o trial_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o assiser_n seem_v most_o unjust_a see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o commit_v the_o great_a question_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v to_o put_v a_o sharp_a sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o blind_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n conductive_a of_o this_o act_n specify_v in_o the_o narrative_a be_v likewise_o most_o inept_v and_o no_o way_n illative_a of_o what_o be_v thereby_o statute_v since_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n can_v very_o little_o have_v hinder_v and_o never_o have_v hinder_v justice_n for_o the_o relevancy_n be_v debate_v now_o as_o copious_o as_o before_o that_o act_n with_o this_o only_a difierence_n that_o it_o be_v then_o debate_v before_o judge_n who_o can_v have_v keep_v advocat_n at_o the_o point_n whereas_o now_o it_o be_v debate_v before_o assiser_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o bound_v or_o how_o to_o stop_v they_o but_o a_o better_a reason_n for_o this_o law_n have_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o allow_v to_o examine_v the_o witness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o know_v what_o they_o can_v say_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v exact_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o sound_v a_o clear_a condescendency_n in_o art_n and_o part_n until_o he_o hear_v the_o witness_n depon_n and_o see_v the_o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n therefore_o they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o qualification_n of_o art_n and_o part_n but_o i_o think_v that_o after_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v the_o justice_n shall_v still_o determine_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o as_o they_o be_v found_v quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o upon_o the_o former_a principle_n that_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o relevancy_n so_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v therefrae_fw-la by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o only_o ordain_v that_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v no_o objection_n shall_v take_v away_o that_o part_n thereof_o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n the_o libel_n shall_v doubtless_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v the_o judge_n when_o he_o hear_v the_o probation_n to_o run_v upon_o rescue_n mandat_fw-la or_o ratihabition_n shall_v tell_v the_o inquest_n what_o act_v in_o law_n do_v infer_v either_o of_o these_o and_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o judge_v if_o these_o act_n which_o he_o declare_v to_o be_v relevant_a be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v much_o fit_a then_o to_o leave_v poor_a ignorant_a assizer_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o advocat_n who_o may_v bias_n they_o by_o their_o repute_n authority_n or_o confidence_n 3._o albeit_o the_o assize_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o probation_n yet_o what_o manner_n of_o probation_n be_v requisite_a belong_v to_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o the_o justice_n determine_v in_o balcanquels_fw-fr case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o witness_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v perjure_v themselves_o by_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n but_o only_o by_o writ_n or_o reexamination_n and_o in_o the_o action_n of_o usury_n pursue_v against_o witherspoon_n march_v 1666._o they_o find_v that_o usurary_n paction_n be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o writ_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o other_o witness_n than_o the_o witness_n insert_v and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wilson_n november_n 1667._o they_o find_v that_o the_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a rent_n be_v not_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o assizer_n please_v he_o may_v desire_v ad_fw-la informandam_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la any_o probation_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v take_v and_o thus_o often_o time_n in_o the_o criminal_a register_n assizer_n have_v cause_v read_v testificat_o from_o chirurgeon_n and_o other_o licet_fw-la regulariter_fw-la testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la est_fw-la credendum_fw-la the_o last_o rule_n be_v that_o before_o the_o assize_n be_v swear_v all_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n but_o after_o they_o be_v swear_v the_o justice_n functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o all_o thereafter_o fall_v under_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o assizer_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o justice_n interlocutor_fw-la which_o run_v thus_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o libel_n relevant_a notwithstanding_o of_o the_o defence_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o pass_v thereupon_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o their_o difficulty_n i_o wish_v that_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n which_o overture_n seem_v most_o fit_a and_o advantageous_a for_o these_o subsequent_a reason_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o contingency_n betwixt_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disjoin_v and_o sure_o they_o must_v best_o understand_v what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a who_o have_v consider_v the_o relevancy_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o for_o
the_o law_n for_o satisfy_v either_o public_a or_o private_a revenge_n 3._o since_o our_o law_n do_v punish_v perjury_n and_o poind_v of_o ox_n usury_n stellionatus_fw-la and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o as_o these_o crime_n be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o they_o shall_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n nam_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la naturale_fw-la quam_fw-la unumquodque_fw-la eo_fw-la modo_fw-la dissolvi_fw-la quo_fw-la colligatum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la incommodum_fw-la enim_fw-la sequt_fw-la debent_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o the_o act_n 1617._o do_v introduce_v prescription_n with_o we_o as_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v because_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n 4._o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o the_o defender_n death_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o period_n of_o time_n whereby_o family_n may_v be_v secure_a and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a after_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o year_n to_o vex_v family_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o interest_n upon_o pretext_n of_o crime_n commit_v by_o their_o predecessor_n 5_o this_o prescription_n be_v very_o just_o introduce_v to_o punish_v the_o negligence_n of_o such_o as_o will_v not_o pursue_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v most_o presumeable_a that_o if_o they_o pursue_v after_o they_o have_v delay_v for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n that_o any_o pursuit_n thereafter_o intent_a be_v rather_o intent_a upon_o some_o supervenient_a quarrel_n and_o picque_n then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o crime_n 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o guilt_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o sufficient_a punishment_n and_o so_o god_n almighty_a himself_o think_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cain_n and_o therefore_o to_o punish_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v to_o punish_v twice_o by_o our_o law_n recent_a crime_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o as_o murder_v with_o red_a hand_n and_o the_o thief_n take_v with_o the_o fang_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o crime_n grow_v old_a by_o so_o much_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o less_o punish_v 7_o the_o necessity_n of_o example_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o punishment_n fail_v in_o old_a crime_n so_o the_o punishment_n shall_v then_o also_o be_v remit_v as_o unnecessary_a to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v much_o more_o found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v clear_o prove_v there_o need_v no_o particular_a statute_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o especial_o see_v this_o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n in_o crime_n have_v in_o effect_n become_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n who_o have_v many_o statute_n in_o other_o case_n have_v yet_o allow_v of_o this_o prescription_n without_o any_o particular_a statute_n 2._o there_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o a_o act_n shall_v have_v be_v necessary_a for_o prescription_n in_o civiltbus_n then_o in_o crime_n because_o in_o civil_a case_n the_o roman_a law_n be_v very_o various_a and_o quoad_fw-la the_o particular_a period_n of_o time_n be_v alter_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a state_n of_o their_o affair_n but_o in_o criminal_o their_o prescription_n be_v exact_o observe_v by_o all_o nation_n and_o be_v very_o reasonable_a and_o there_o be_v express_o jus_o quaesitum_fw-la incivilibus_fw-la to_o every_o private_a person_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o crime_n where_o in_o effect_n at_o first_o there_o be_v no_o express_a jus_o quaesitum_fw-la either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o private_a party_n but_o only_o à _fw-la â—otestas_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la for_o the_o jus_o cue_n situm_fw-la be_v only_o by_o the_o sentence_n for_o before_o sentence_n the_o fisk_n can_v not_o dispon_n upon_o and_o so_o have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o malefactor_n good_n and_o this_o answer_n likewise_o the_o second_o reason_n to_o the_o second_o three_o four_o and_o five_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o doubtless_o the_o wise_a roman_n and_o other_o nation_n can_v not_o but_o have_v these_o inconvenience_n under_o consideration_n when_o they_o introduce_v the_o foresay_a prescription_n in_o crime_n and_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v particular_o answer_v that_o if_o private_a party_n will_v not_o pursue_v their_o revenge_n they_o just_o lose_v the_o capacity_n by_o their_o negligence_n and_o his_o majesty_n have_v so_o many_o swear_a officer_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o inconvenience_n will_v arise_v through_o want_n of_o information_n but_o if_o there_o do_v it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a that_o these_o negligent_a judge_n shall_v be_v punish_v especial_o see_v there_o be_v express_a law_n appoint_v negligent_a officer_n in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o negative_a argument_n bring_v from_o the_o not_o be_v of_o a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o conclude_v for_o as_o in_o many_o other_o case_n so_o this_o may_v have_v be_v argue_v as_o strong_o as_o here_o against_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n when_o he_o of_o old_a crave_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v for_o their_o predecessor_n guilt_n and_o when_o he_o of_o late_o crave_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v lead_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n in_o either_o of_o which_o case_n there_o be_v neither_o act_n nor_o practic_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n have_v be_v allege_v but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o the_o five_o the_o crime_n be_v take_v away_o by_o so_o long_a a_o time_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n upon_o the_o former_a prescription_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v a_o sufficient_a punishment_n for_o all_o the_o malice_n arise_v from_o that_o prescription_n neither_o be_v it_o presume_v but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n continue_v to_o be_v ill_a he_o will_v be_v pursue_v within_o twenty_o year_n and_o if_o he_o do_v for_o twenty_o year_n live_v so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o as_o that_o the_o law_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o former_a crime_n there_o be_v little_a hazard_n of_o any_o future_a malice_n and_o to_o this_o opinion_n i_o rather_o incline_v because_o carpzov_n relate_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o saxony_n prescription_n be_v only_o introduce_v by_o express_a statute_n in_o moveable_n and_o heritage_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n as_o to_o prescription_n in_o criminal_o yet_o these_o prescribe_v also_o in_o twenty_o year_n because_o that_o prescription_n introduce_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o express_o abrogate_a among_o they_o nam_fw-la non_fw-la praesumendum_fw-la est_fw-la totam_fw-la praescriptionum_fw-la observationem_fw-la tantis_fw-la vigiliis_fw-la excogitatam_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la legislatorem_fw-la evertere_fw-la voluisse_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o simili_fw-la casu_fw-la dicit_fw-la imperator_fw-la l._n 34._o c._n de_fw-fr in_o offic_n test_n &_o petr._n heigh_o part_n 1._o quest_n 26._o num_fw-la 47._o with_fw-mi carpzov_fw-mi part_n 3._o quest_n 141._o title_n xxx_o of_o punishment_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la 1._o the_o design_n of_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o crucify_a or_o banishment_n be_v lawful_a punishment_n 3._o whether_o a_o man_n can_v bind_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n 4._o whether_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n 5._o the_o loss_n of_o life_n be_v still_o follow_v by_o loss_n of_o moveable_n 6._o how_o far_o can_v ignorance_n anger_n drunkenness_n or_o command_v either_o excuse_n from_o punishment_n or_o lessen_v they_o 7._o how_o far_o do_v nobility_n or_o great_a merit_n excuse_n or_o mitigat_fw-la punishment_n 8._o how_o far_o do_v the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o transgression_n mitigat_fw-la or_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n i._o punishment_n be_v inflict_v not_o only_o to_o satisfy_v either_o the_o public_a revenge_n of_o the_o law_n or_o the_o private_a revenge_n of_o the_o party_n but_o rather_o to_o deter_v other_o for_o the_o future_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v rather_o inflict_v upon_o either_o of_o these_o design_n then_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n and_o make_v he_o insensible_a for_o what_o be_v do_v can_v no_o more_o be_v help_v some_o crime_n be_v so_o horrid_a and_o so_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v the_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v punish_v public_o thus_o some_o crime_n have_v be_v try_v in_o scotland_n at_o midnight_n and_o the_o malefactor_n immediate_o drown_v in_o the_o north-loch_a