Selected quad for the lemma: authority_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
authority_n	act_n	king_n	lord_n	2,770	5	3.9050	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33630	The compleate copy-holder wherein is contained a learned discourse of the antiquity and nature of manors and copy-holds, vvith all things thereto incident, as surrenders, presentments, admittances, forfeitures, customes, &c. necessary both for the lord and tenant : together, with the forme of keeping a copy-hold court, and court baron / by Sir Edward Coke, Knight.; Complete copy-holder	Coke, Edward, Sir, 1552-1634.	1641 (1641)	Wing C4912; ESTC R1843	72,284	184

that_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o every_o manor_n be_v employ_v as_o necessary_a instrument_n in_o customary_a admittance_n and_o will_v cursary_o examine_v the_o extent_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o office_n the_o person_n i_o aim_v at_o be_v these_o 1._o the_o lord_n 2._o the_o steward_n 3._o the_o vnder-steward_n sec_n xliv_o the_o lord_n authority_n consist_v chief_o in_o these_o four_o thing_n 1._o in_o punish_v offence_n and_o misdemeanour_n commit_v within_o his_o precinct_n as_o not_o performance_n of_o custom_n breach_n of_o by-lawe_n not_o discharge_v of_o duty_n and_o such_o like_a 2._o in_o decide_v controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o title_n of_o copyhold-land_n lie_v within_o his_o bound_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v as_o judge_v in_o court_n to_o end_v debate_n of_o this_o nature_n he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o strict_a form_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o he_o be_v a_o chancellor_n in_o his_o court_n and_o may_v redress_v matter_n in_o conscience_n upon_o bill_n exhibit_v where_o the_o common_a law_n will_v afford_v no_o remedy_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o to_o insist_v in_o one_o familiar_a example_n if_o i_o surrender_v a_o copyhold_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n upon_o confidence_n that_o such_o debt_n be_v by_o i_o discharge_v he_o shall_v surrender_v back_o this_o copyhold_n i_o upon_o discharge_n of_o the_o debt_n demand_v a_o surrender_n and_o he_o refuse_v at_o the_o common_a law_n i_o be_v leave_v remediless_a this_o be_v a_o bare_a confidence_n and_o no_o condition_n but_o upon_o bill_n exhibit_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n i_o shall_v be_v relieve_v for_o the_o lord_n upon_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v seize_v the_o copyhold_n and_o readmit_v i_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o confidence_n 3_o in_o admit_v copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o customary_a power_n of_o admittance_n the_o lord_n do_v somewhat_o outstrip_v the_o steward_n for_o the_o lord_n may_v make_v either_o admittance_n upon_o voluntary_a grant_n 27._o co._n 4_o foe_n 27._o admittance_n upon_o surrrender_n admittance_n upon_o descent_n in_o any_o place_n where_o he_o please_v out_o of_o the_o manor_n but_o so_o can_v the_o steward_n and_o in_o give_v licence_n to_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n and_o in_o this_o point_n of_o licence_n the_o lord_n authority_n do_v exceed_v the_o steward_n authority_n for_o though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v both_o usual_a and_o warrantable_a for_o the_o steward_n of_o a_o manor_n in_o absence_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o licence_n a_o copyholder_n in_o full_a court_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n for_o as_o many_o year_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v good_a because_o he_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o court_n and_o beside_o the_o entry_n of_o it_o in_o the_o court_n roll_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la curiam_fw-la p.s._n petit_fw-la licentiam_fw-la domini_fw-la dimittendi_fw-la etc._n etc._n cui_fw-la dominus_fw-la licentiam_fw-la that_fw-mi etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o this_o licence_n be_v grant_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n in_o full_a court_n the_o lord_n shall_v never_o enter_v for_o a_o forfeiture_n but_o shall_v ever_o be_v estop_v to_o say_v the_o contrary_a but_o that_o he_o do_v give_v licence_n yet_o under_o reformation_n be_v it_o speak_v i_o must_v mistrust_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o opinion_n for_o this_o power_n of_o licens_v copyhold_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n be_v not_o customary_a for_o than_o it_o be_v as_o proper_a to_o the_o steward_n as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v a_o power_n of_o interest_n annex_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o any_o other_o collateral_a respect_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o steward_n have_v a_o bare_a authority_n to_o execute_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v warrant_v sans_fw-fr doubt_n he_o can_v virtute_fw-la officii_fw-la grant_v any_o unwarrantable_a licence_n to_o alien_n by_o deed_n no_o more_o than_o to_o commit_v waste_n for_o the_o one_o act_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o tend_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o custom_n and_o both_o of_o they_o without_o a_o sufficient_a allowance_n amount_v to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o copyhold_n but_o by_o express_a word_n in_o the_o steward_n patent_n or_o by_o special_a authority_n give_v he_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o some_o particular_a custom_n warrant_v the_o same_o the_o steward_n may_v in_o court_n lawful_o licence_n copyholder_n to_o alien_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n may_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o lord_n sec_n xlv_o steward_n be_v derive_v from_o those_o two_o word_n stead_n and_o ward_n and_o so_o any_o that_o do_v supplier_fw-fr another_o place_n or_o that_o be_v in_o any_o employment_n deputy_n to_o another_o may_v according_a to_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v term_v a_o steward_n as_o the_o high_a steward_n of_o england_n because_o the_o king_n appoint_v he_o in_o divers_a matter_n to_o exercise_v his_o place_n and_o so_o the_o under_o sheriff_n may_v be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sheriff_n steward_n be_v his_o deputy_n and_o how_o proper_o the_o lord_n steward_n be_v so_o name_v any_o man_n may_v judge_v by_o this_o that_o the_o whole_a authority_n of_o the_o steward_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o lord_n as_o from_o the_o head_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o withal_o he_o represent_v the_o lord_n person_n in_o many_o employment_n for_o in_o the_o lord_n absence_n he_o sit_v as_o judge_v in_o court_n to_o punish_v offence_n determine_v controversy_n redress_n injury_n and_o the_o like_a and_o further_o some_o thing_n he_o perform_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n and_o not_o in_o his_o own_o name_n for_o if_o the_o steward_n admit_v any_o copyholder_n or_o by_o special_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n licence_v a_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n this_o admittance_n and_o licence_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o lord_n name_n and_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o court_n roll_n shall_v be_v quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la per_fw-la senescallun_n admisit_fw-la &_o licentiau●t_n and_o not_o that_o the_o steward_n do_v admit_v or_o licence_n therefore_o fithence_o the_o steward_n have_v this_o measure_n of_o authority_n and_o confidence_n commit_v unto_o he_o the_o lord_n shall_v do_v very_o well_o to_o be_v very_o careful_a in_o make_v choice_n of_o his_o steward_n for_o if_o he_o be_v defective_a in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o three_o quality_n knowledge_n trust_v or_o diligence_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v much_o prejudice_v and_o damnify_v therefore_o fleta_n wise_o give_v the_o lord_n this_o counsel_n 6._o fleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o provideat_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominus_fw-la de_fw-la senescallo_fw-la circumspecto_fw-la &_o fideli_fw-la &_o pacifico_fw-la &_o modesto_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la consuetudinibusque_fw-la provinciae_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la tueri_fw-la affectet_fw-la cuique_fw-la ballivos_fw-la domini_fw-la in_o sui●_n erroribus_fw-la &_o ambiguis_fw-la sciat_fw-la instruere_fw-la &_o docere_fw-la quique_fw-la egenis_fw-la parcere_fw-la &_o nec_fw-la prece_fw-la vel_fw-la pretio_fw-la velit_fw-la à_fw-la tramite_fw-la justitiae_fw-la deviare_fw-la &_o pervense_fw-la judicare_fw-la these_o steward_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v patent_n for_o their_o office_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v retain_v by_o paroll_n &_o this_o reteiner_n by_o paroll_n be_v as_o effectual_a in_o all_o point_n before_o discharge_v as_o the_o most_o effectual_a institution_n by_o patent_n for_o a_o steward_n thus_o retain_v may_v take_v surrender_v out_o of_o court_n or_o make_v voluntary_a admittance_n or_o any_o other_o act_n incident_a to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o b._n as_o well_o as_o a_o steward_n institute_v by_o patent_n but_o in_o the_o king_n manor_n a_o steward_n can_v be_v retain_v by_o paroll_n by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o auditor_n or_o receiver_n but_o to_o make_v the_o steward_n authority_n currant_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 30._o a._n especial_o to_o make_v voluntary_a admittance_n it_o be_v necessary_a he_o have_v a_o patent_n and_o then_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o patent_n without_o any_o special_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n he_o may_v justify_v the_o make_n of_o any_o voluntary_a admittance_n upon_o escheate_n or_o forfeiture_n or_o the_o do_n of_o any_o act_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n but_o though_o he_o may_v exit_fw-la officio_fw-la do_v those_o thing_n without_o special_a warrant_n yet_o duty_n bind_v he_o before_o he_o make_v any_o voluntary_a admittance_n to_o inform_v the_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n the_o chancellor_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o of_o they_o for_o his_o better_a direction_n and_o the_o king_n better_a benefit_n the_o law_n be_v not_o very_o curious_a in_o examine_v the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o steward_n person_n nor_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o his_o authority_n for_o be_v he_o a_o

infant_n or_o non_fw-la comp_n mentis_fw-la a_o idiot_n or_o lunatic_n a_o outlaw_n or_o a_o excommunicate_a yet_o what_o thing_n soever_o he_o perform_v as_o incident_a to_o his_o place_n can_v never_o be_v avoid_v for_o any_o such_o disabilitie_n because_o he_o perform_v they_o as_o a_o judge_n or_o at_o least_o as_o custom_n instrument_n and_o for_o his_o authority_n though_o it_o prove_v but_o counterfeit_n if_o it_o come_v to_o exact_a trial_n yet_o if_o in_o appearance_n or_o outward_a show_n it_o seem_v currant_n that_o be_v sufficient_a as_o if_o i_o grant_v the_o stewardship_n of_o my_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o patent_n and_o in_o the_o patentee_n absence_n a_o stranger_n by_o my_o appointment_n keep_v court_n this_o be_v authentical_a if_o a_o grant_v of_o a_o stewardship_n be_v make_v to_o one_o and_o for_o some_o fault_n or_o defect_n in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v avoidable_o yet_o court_v keep_v by_o he_o before_o the_o avoidance_n shall_v stand_v in_o force_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o do_v as_o steward_n be_v ever_o unavoidable_a as_o if_o a_o corporation_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n and_o he_o keep_v a_o court_n punish_v offence_n decide_v controversy_n take_v surrender_n make_v admittance_n either_o upon_o surrender_n or_o descent_n these_o act_n be_v judicial_a shall_v ever_o stand_v for_o currant_n though_o his_o authority_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o wrong_a foundation_n for_o a_o corporation_n can_v institute_v any_o such_o officer_n without_o writing_n and_o so_o if_o the_o king_n auditor_n or_o receiver_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n he_o may_v lawful_o execute_v any_o judicial_a act_n but_o thing_n which_o he_o perform_v as_o custom_n instrument_n not_o as_o judge_n such_o as_o be_v voluntary_a admittance_n neither_o in_o the_o retainer_n by_o the_o corporation_n or_o in_o this_o retainer_n by_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v any_o whit_n bind_v but_o if_o a_o stanger_n without_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o right_a steward_n or_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o authority_n will_v of_o his_o own_o head_n come_v into_o a_o manor_n and_o keep_v a_o court_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o performance_n of_o any_o judicial_a duty_n or_o the_o execute_n of_o any_o act_n whatsoever_o will_v not_o be_v warrant_v especial_o if_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v without_o warning_n give_v to_o the_o bailiff_n by_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v forfeit_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o abuser_n 2._o by_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr 3._o by_o refuser_n by_o abuser_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n burn_v the_o court_n roll_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o bribe_n to_o wink_v at_o any_o offence_n or_o use_v partiality_n in_o any_o cause_n depend_v before_o he_o these_o and_o the_o like_a abuse_n will_v make_v he_o subject_a to_o a_o forfeiture_n by_o non_fw-la user_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n by_o his_o patent_n be_v tie_v to_o keep_v court_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n without_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o he_o fail_v and_o by_o his_o failer_z the_o lord_n receive_v any_o prejudice_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o damnify_v than_o this_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr be_v no_o forfeiture_n as_o if_o a_o parker_n attend_v not_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o no_o prejudice_n or_o damage_n happen_v in_o the_o interim_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n and_o in_o office_n which_o concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n be_v more_o strict_a then_o in_o these_o office_n which_o concern_v private_a man_n for_o where_o a_o officer_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o of_o necessity_n ought_v to_o attend_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n there_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr or_o non_fw-fr attender_n in_o court_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o no_o man_n as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n in_o the_o exchequer_n a_o protonotary_n clarke_n of_o the_o warrant_n exigentur_fw-la filizar_n or_o the_o like_a in_o the_o common_a plea_n because_o the_o attendance_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a officer_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n so_o the_o attendance_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o sheriff_n turn_n etc._n etc._n by_o refuser_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v thus_o forfeit_v if_o the_o steward_n be_v tie_v by_o his_o patent_n to_o keep_v court_n upon_o a_o demand_n or_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o the_o lord_n demand_v or_o reque_v he_o to_o keep_v a_o court_n and_o he_o fail_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o the_o lord_n be_v thereby_o nothing_o damnify_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o steward_n sec_n xlvi_o the_o under_o steward_n be_v the_o steward_n deputy_n and_o sometime_o appoint_v by_o writing_n sometime_o by_o paroll_n and_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o steward_n be_v own_o authority_n and_o his_o office_n consist_v in_o performance_n of_o the_o self_n same_o duty_n that_o the_o high_a steward_n himself_o be_v to_o perform_v only_o in_o this_o point_n the_o power_n of_o the_o steward_n go_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o the_o understeward_n that_o the_o steward_n can_v make_v a_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n and_o it_o shall_v stand_v good_a if_o entry_n be_v make_v in_o the_o court_n roll_n that_o he_o that_o be_v admit_v have_v pay_v his_o fine_a and_o have_v do_v fealty_n but_o the_o understeward_n though_o he_o may_v take_v a_o surrender_n out_o of_o the_o court_n yet_o he_o can_v make_v any_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n without_o especial_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n some_o have_v think_v that_o a_o understeward_n may_v be_v make_v without_o special_a word_n in_o the_o steward_n patent_n authorise_v he_o to_o make_v a_o deputy_n but_o sure_o since_o it_o be_v a_o office_n of_o knowledge_n trust_n and_o discretion_n it_o can_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o if_o a_o office_n of_o stewardship_n descend_v unto_o a_o infant_n he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n because_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o be_v himself_o uncapable_a to_o execute_v it_o so_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o earl_n in_o respect_n of_o th'exility_n of_o the_o office_n in_o a_o base_a court_n and_o of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v praepositus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o have_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n who_o attendance_n the_o law_n intend_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n therefore_o it_o be_v employ_v in_o law_n for_o the_o conveniency_n that_o he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n for_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v this_o be_v one_o observation_n touch_v understeward_n in_o admittance_n make_v by_o understeward_n aswell_o as_o in_o admittance_n make_v by_o the_o steward_n themselves_o it_o be_v good_a order_n to_o express_v in_o the_o copy_n and_o in_o the_o court_n roll_n the_o name_n of_o the_o understeward_n or_o of_o the_o steward_n because_o in_o plead_v any_o admittance_n a_o man_n must_v say_v that_o he_o be_v admit_v by_o such_o a_o one_o understeward_n or_o steward_n name_v his_o name_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v the_o manner_n and_o mean_n of_o grant_v copyhold_n suffer_v i_o now_o in_o the_o four_o place_n to_o point_n at_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copiholder_n together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n sec_n xlvii_o all_o estate_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o three_o head_n 1._o inheritance_n 2._o francktenant_n 3._o chattel_n all_o inheritance_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o fee_n simples_n or_o fee_n tail_n of_o fee_n simples_n some_o be_v determinable_a some_o be_v undeterminable_a determinable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o so_o long_a time_n as_o paul_n steeple_n shall_v stand_v undeterminable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n without_o further_a limitation_n of_o fee_n tail_n some_o be_v general_a some_o be_v special_a general_n as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n or_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n of_o his_o body_n special_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n which_o he_o shall_v beget_v of_o such_o a_o woman_n all_o francketenant_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o create_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n of_o francketenant_n create_v

tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domini_fw-la possent_fw-la resumi_fw-la &_o revocari_fw-la as_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n both_o speak_v the_o lord_n upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n sometime_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n only_o upon_o discontentment_n and_o malice_n sometime_o again_o upon_o some_o sudden_a fantastic_a humour_n only_o to_o make_v evident_a to_o the_o world_n the_o height_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n will_v expel_v out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n their_o poor_a copy-holders_n leave_v they_o helpless_a and_o remediless_a by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n and_o drive_v they_o to_o sue_v by_o way_n of_o petition_n sec_n ix_o but_o now_o copy-holders_n stand_n upon_o a_o sure_a ground_n now_o they_o weigh_v not_o their_o lord_n displeasure_n they_o shake_v not_o at_o every_o sudden_a blast_n of_o wind_n they_o eat_v drink_n and_o sleep_v secure_o only_o have_v a_o special_a care_n of_o the_o mainechance_v viz._n to_o perform_v careful_o what_o duty_n and_o service_n soever_o their_o tenure_n do_v exact_a and_o custom_n do_v require_v then_o let_v lord_n frown_v the_o copyholder_n care_v not_o know_v himself_o safe_a and_o not_o within_o any_o danger_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n anger_v grow_v to_o expulsion_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v several_a weapon_n of_o remedy_n for_o it_o be_v at_o his_o election_n either_o to_o sue_v a_o subpoena_fw-la or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o lord_n time_n have_v deal_v very_o favourable_o with_o copy-holders_n in_o divers_a respect_n sec_n x._o but_o i_o perceive_v myself_o rash_o running_n into_o a_o inextricable_a labyrinth_n i_o will_v therefore_o sail_v no_o long_o in_o these_o unknown_a coast_n but_o will_v hasten_v homeward_o i_o will_v content_v my_o self_n with_o this_o i_o know_v among_o the_o saxon_n th'essential_a part_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v know_v but_o whether_o there_o then_o be_v the_o same_o form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o examine_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v account_v more_o curious_a than_o judicious_a and_o therefore_o leave_v the_o saxon_n i_o draw_v somewhat_o near_o home_n and_o come_v to_o the_o norman_n from_o who_o we_o have_v the_o very_a form_n of_o manor_n which_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o at_o this_o present_a hour_n sec_n xi_o i_o confess_v indeed_o that_o sithence_o the_o original_a creation_n of_o manor_n time_n have_v bring_v in_o some_o innovation_n and_o alteration_n as_o in_o give_v a_o large_a freedom_n unto_o copy-holders_n both_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o service_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o tenure_n yet_o i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o selfsame_o form_n of_o manor_n remain_v unaltered_a in_o substance_n though_o something_o alter_v in_o circumstance_n demesne_n term_v in_o latin_a demanium_fw-la domanium_fw-la or_o dominicum_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n proprie_fw-la and_o improprie_fw-la proprie_fw-la for_o that_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o king_n own_o hand_n 2._o chopimus_fw-la de_fw-la demonio_fw-la froute_fw-mi lib._n 2._o and_o the_o chopimus_fw-la say_v that_o domanium_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la consecratum_fw-la unitum_fw-la &_o incorporatum_fw-la est_fw-la regiae_fw-la coronae_fw-la take_v domanium_fw-la in_o this_o sense_n and_o then_o you_o exclude_v all_o common_a person_n from_o be_v seize_v in_o dominico_n for_o admit_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o the_o demesne_n land_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o a_o common_a person_n hand_n desinunt_fw-la esse_fw-la terrae_fw-la dominicales_fw-la for_o though_o the_o king_n pattentee_n have_v the_o land_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n yet_o come_v from_o the_o king_n must_v necessary_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o demesne_n land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o any_o therefore_o though_o those_o land_n which_o common_o be_v term_v ancient_a demesne_n viz._n such_o land_n as_o be_v quondam_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n may_v proper_o be_v term_v general_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o king_n own_o possession_n yet_o to_o term_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o lord_n demesne_n or_o the_o tenant_n demesne_n be_v sever_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v improper_a ca._n qua_fw-la super_fw-la sec_n xii_o then_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o those_o land_n be_v term_v impropriè_fw-la demesne_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o one_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v of_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la but_o if_o you_o observe_v narrow_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_n the_o word_n be_v use_v in_o a_o proper_a sense_n for_o you_o shall_v never_o find_v that_o a_o inferior_a lord_n or_o tenant_n will_v plead_v that_o he_o be_v simple_o seize_v in_o dominico_n but_o still_o with_o this_o addition_n in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la and_o that_o very_o apt_o for_o this_o word_n fee_n impli_v thus_o much_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o absolute_a but_o depend_v upon_o some_o superior_a lord_n therefore_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o feudist_n that_o a_o common_a person_n may_v apt_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v in_o feodo_n or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seod_fw-la but_o improper_o in_o dominico_n simple_o the_o king_n è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o stand_v seize_v dominico_n simple_o but_o in_o feodo_n improper_o or_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la bracton_n divide_v these_o demesne_n land_n into_o two_o branch_n under_o the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v those_o land_n which_o the_o lord_n enjoy_v in_o his_o own_o possession_n under_o the_o second_o those_o land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o inferior_a copy-holders_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o idcirco_fw-la anglice_fw-la vocat_fw-la bordland_n 5._o bract._n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o numb_a 5._o dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la dominicum_fw-la villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tempestive_n &_o intempestive_a resumere_fw-la possit_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o revocare_fw-la sec_n xiii_o fleta_n agree_v with_o bracton_n in_o this_o division_n 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o unto_o these_o two_o he_o add_v more_o sort_n of_o demesne_n land_n his_o word_n be_v these_o dominicum_fw-la est_fw-la multiplex_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la dominicum_fw-la proprie_fw-la terra_fw-la ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la assignata_fw-la &_o villinagium_fw-la quod_fw-la traditur_fw-la villanis_fw-la ad_fw-la excolendum_fw-la quae_fw-la tempestive_a &_o intempestive_a pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la domimi_fw-la &_o poterit_fw-la revocari_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la commissa_fw-la tenend_n quamdiu_fw-la commissori_fw-la placuerit_fw-la poterit_fw-la &_o dici_fw-la dominicum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la alius_fw-la usum_fw-la fruct_v &_o etiam_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la habet_fw-la liberum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la aliter_fw-la curam_fw-la de_fw-la custode_fw-la dicipoterit_fw-la &_o curatore_fw-la quorun_v unus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ab_fw-la homine_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la dominicum_fw-la etiam_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ad_fw-la differentiam_fw-la ejus_fw-la quod_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la dominicum_fw-la denique_fw-la est_fw-la omne_fw-la illud_fw-la tenementum_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la antecessor_n obiit_fw-la sesitus_fw-la nec_fw-la refert_fw-la cum_fw-la usu_fw-la fructu_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quo_fw-la si_fw-la ejectus_fw-la esset_fw-la recuperare_fw-la possit_fw-la per_fw-la assisam_fw-la nove_fw-la deseisme_n licet_fw-la alius_fw-la haberet_fw-la usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la sicut_fw-la dici_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it qui_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o fruuntur_fw-la non_fw-la nemine_fw-la proprio_fw-la sed_fw-la nomine_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la sec_n fourteen_o this_o opinion_n of_o bract._n and_o fleta_n bo_o h_o consent_v in_o one_o that_o copyhold_n land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n want_v not_o modern_a authority_n to_o second_v it_o for_o 15._o eliz._n in_o the_o excheq_n i_o find_v it_o adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n howsoever_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o king_n case_n that_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o way_n omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o copy_n hold_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n pass_v by_o these_o general_a word_n neither_o do_v this_o want_n reason_n to_o confirm_v it_o for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3._o and_o e._n 2._o when_o bract._n and_o fleta_n live_v copy-holders_n be_v account_v mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n and_o therefore_o after_o a_o sort_n their_o land_n repute_v to_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o lord_n hand_n and_o now_o though_o custom_n have_v afford_v they_o a_o sure_a foundation_n to_o build_v upon_o yet_o the_o francke_n tenement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n rest_v in_o the_o lord_n it_o can_v

acre_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v demise_v for_o six_o shilling_n rend_v escheat_v to_o two_o copartener_n and_o one_o grant_v three_o acre_n reserve_v three_o shilling_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la this_o be_v a_o perfect_a reserve_n in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n the_o lord_n to_o no_o intent_n be_v repute_v as_o owner_n but_o whole_o as_o a_o instrument_n and_o the_o party_n admit_v shall_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o other_o charge_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o he_o claim_v his_o estate_n under_o the_o party_n that_o make_v the_o surrender_n and_o in_o the_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o per_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v suppose_v in_o the_o per_fw-la by_o he_o not_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o as_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n so_o in_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n the_o lord_n be_v use_v as_o a_o mere_a instrument_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 27._o b._n and_o no_o manner_n of_o interest_n pass_v out_o of_o he_o and_o therefore_o neither_o in_o the_o one_o nor_o in_o the_o other_o be_v any_o respect_n have_v unto_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o whether_o he_o have_v it_o by_o right_n or_o by_o wrong_v it_o be_v not_o material_a these_o admittance_n shall_v never_o be_v call_v in_o question_n for_o the_o lord_n title_n b._n co._n 1_o foe_n 140._o b._n because_o they_o be_v judicial_a act_n which_o every_o lord_n be_v enjoin_v to_o execute_v beside_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n the_o lord_n be_v account_v nothing_o but_o a_o necessary_a instrument_n it_o follow_v that_o he_o have_v a_o bare_a customary_a power_n to_o admit_v secundum_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la sursum_fw-la reddendi_fw-la therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o variance_n between_o the_o admittance_n and_o the_o surr_n either_o in_o the_o person_n in_o the_o estate_n or_o in_o the_o tenure_n or_o in_o any_o other_o collateral_a point_n the_o lord_n do_v only_o transfer_v a_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o surr_n and_o his_o authority_n if_o it_o can_v take_v such_o effect_n as_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o i.s._n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v i.n._n this_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a and_o notwithstanding_o this_o admittance_n the_o lord_n may_v afterward_o admit_v i._o s._n according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o authority_n but_o have_v he_o admit_v i._o s._n and_o i.n._n joint_o than_o the_o admittance_n have_v be_v void_a for_o the_o one_o and_o good_a for_o the_o other_o like_o the_o case_n of_o a_o devise_n where_o a_o devise_n of_o a_o term_n be_v make_v to_o i._n s._n and_o the_o executor_n agree_v that_o i._o s._n and_o i.n._n shall_v have_v this_o term_n 28_o co._n 4_o foe_n 28_o this_o consent_n be_v void_a to_o i.n._n for_o after_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o executor_n i._n n._n be_v in_o by_o the_o devise_n yet_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o i_o surr_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n in_o fee_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v i._n s._n together_o with_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a that_o this_o be_v a_o estate_n by_o estoppell_n to_o i.s._n and_o that_o he_o shall_v only_o claim_v joint_o with_o his_o son_n because_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v a_o admittance_n in_o this_o manner_n but_o i_o can_v hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o think_v that_o this_o admittance_n give_v a_o present_a interest_n in_o theson_n who_o by_o surrender_n be_v to_o have_v no_o interest_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n shall_v be_v any_o such_o estopell_n if_o i_o surr_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i.s._n for_o life_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v he_o in_o fee_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v 29._o co._n 4._o foe_n 29._o so_o if_o i_o surr_n without_o mention_v any_o certain_a estate_n because_o by_o implication_n of_o the_o law_n estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v though_o the_o lord_n admit_v in_o fee_n no_o more_o do_v pass_v than_o the_o implication_n of_o law_n will_v warrant_v if_o i_o surr_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o rent_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v not_o reserve_v any_o rent_n or_o reserve_v a_o less_o rend_v than_o i_o reserve_v upon_o the_o surrender_n this_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a but_o if_o the_o lord_n reserve_v a_o great_a rent_n then_o be_v the_o reservation_n void_a only_o for_o the_o surplusage_n and_o the_o admittance_n so_o far_o currant_n as_o it_o agree_v with_o my_o surrender_n if_o i_o surrender_v upon_o condition_n and_o the_o lord_n omit_v the_o condition_n the_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a but_o if_o my_o surrender_n be_v absolute_a 25._o co._n 4._o foe_n 25._o and_o the_o lord_n admittance_n be_v conditional_a the_o condition_n be_v void_a but_o the_o admittance_n in_o all_o point_n else_o be_v good_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o diversity_n be_v these_o where_o a_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o any_o one_o to_o execute_v any_o act_n and_o he_o execute_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o authority_n this_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o he_o execute_v his_o authority_n and_o withal_o go_v beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o warrant_n this_o be_v void_a for_o that_o part_n only_o wherein_o he_o exceed_v his_o authority_n these_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n differ_v from_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n in_o this_o that_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n nothing_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o grantee_n before_o admittance_n no_o more_o then_o in_o the_o voluntary_a admittance_n but_o in_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n the_o heir_n be_v tenant_n by_o copy_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n not_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n for_o peradventure_o he_o can_v be_v swear_v of_o the_o homage_n before_o neither_o can_v he_o maintain_v a_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n in_o the_o lord_n court_v before_o because_o till_o then_o he_o be_v not_o complete_a tenant_n to_o the_o lord_n no_o further_o forth_o than_o the_o lord_n please_v to_o allow_v he_o for_o his_o tenant_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v grandfather_n father_n and_o son_n and_o the_o grandfather_n be_v admit_v and_o die_v and_o the_o father_n enter_v and_o die_v before_o admittance_n the_o son_n shall_v have_v a_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n of_o ayell_n and_o not_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'auncestor_n so_o that_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n the_o heir_n till_o admittance_n be_v not_o complete_a tenant_n yet_o to_o most_o intent_n especial_o as_o to_o stranger_n the_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o he_o 23._o co._n 4._o foe_n 23._o as_o of_o a_o perfect_a tenant_n of_o the_o land_n instant_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n for_o he_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n before_o admittance_n take_v the_o profit_n punish_v any_o trespass_n do_v upon_o the_o ground_n surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o use_n he_o please_v satisfy_v the_o lord_n his_o fine_a due_a upon_o the_o descent_n and_o by_o estoppell_n he_o may_v prejudice_v himself_o of_o his_o inheritance_n for_o if_o a_o estrange_v come_v and_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n before_o admittance_n he_o shall_v ever_o claim_v joint_o with_o his_o wife_n and_o never_o be_v take_v as_o sole_a tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n may_v avow_v upon_o he_o before_o admittance_n for_o any_o arrearage_n of_o rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o last_o of_o all_o b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o b._n upon_o a_o actual_a possession_n there_o shall_v be_v possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la before_o admittance_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o his_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n and_o die_v before_o admittance_n the_o daughter_n shall_v inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o her_o brother_n and_o not_o the_o son_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n and_o many_o time_n the_o possession_n of_o a_o guardian_n or_o a_o tearmer_n without_o a_o actual_a entry_n or_o any_o claim_n make_v by_o the_o heir_n will_v make_v a_o possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n by_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o die_v and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o venture_n die_v before_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o term_n be_v neither_o admit_v nor_o have_v make_v any_o actual_a entry_n or_o any_o claim_n yet_o this_o possession_n of_o the_o lessee_n be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o reversion_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o venture_n and_o not_o to_o the_o son_n of_o the_o second_o venture_n but_o if_o the_o

the_o complete_a copyholder_n wherein_o be_v contain_v a_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o nature_n of_o manor_n and_o copy-holds_a with_o all_o thing_n thereto_o incident_a as._n surrenders_n presentment_n admittance_n forfeiture_n custom_n etc._n etc._n necessary_a both_o for_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n together_o with_o the_o form_n of_o keep_v a_o copyhold_n court_n and_o court_n baron_n by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n knight_n london_n print_v by_o t._n cotes_n for_o w._n cook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o furnivalls-inne_n gate_n in_o holborn_n 1641._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o copy_n come_v to_o my_o hand_n peruse_v and_o reverence_v by_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n i_o think_v most_o worthy_a of_o publication_n the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o composer_n who_o have_v be_v a_o ornament_n to_o our_o kingdom_n be_v enough_o to_o give_v it_o sufficient_a authority_n and_o endear_v it_o to_o every_o wise_a opinion_n but_o the_o profit_n which_o do_v attend_v be_v most_o considerable_a it_o be_v a_o subject_n so_o material_a declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o manor_n and_o copyhold_n and_o write_v for_o the_o good_a of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o by_o consequence_n of_o all_o man_n it_o can_v but_o receive_v a_o become_a entertainment_n in_o the_o confidence_n of_o this_o truth_n i_o refer_v it_o to_o all_o judicious_a perusal_n not_o a_o little_a congratulate_v my_o own_o happiness_n to_o have_v be_v a_o instrument_n of_o bring_v so_o excellent_a a_o piece_n from_o obscurity_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n w._n c._n manor_n and_o copy-holds_a section_n i._n though_o a_o manor_n and_o copyhold_n have_v such_o mutual_a respect_n and_o reciprocal_a reference_n one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o in_o nature_n of_o relative_n yet_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o one_o can_v be_v attain_v unto_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o other_o be_v true_o apprehend_v for_o a_o manor_n be_v as_o the_o body_n and_o copyhold_n certain_a member_n of_o this_o body_n in_o this_o treatise_n i_o will_v discourse_v of_o they_o several_o apart_o and_o begin_v with_o the_o manor_n itself_o especial_o when_o common_a reason_n teach_v we_o that_o totum_fw-la magis_fw-la illustrate_v part_n quam_fw-la part_n aliquae_fw-la illustrant_fw-la totum_fw-la sec_n ii_o the_o saxon_n who_o hold_v england_n in_o subjection_n immediate_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o these_o manor_n yet_o in_o effect_n they_o have_v manor_n in_o those_o day_n in_o circumstance_n peradventure_o something_o vary_v in_o substance_n sure_o nothing_o differ_v from_o our_o manor_n at_o this_o day_n they_o want_v neither_o demesne_n nor_o service_n the_o two_o material_a cause_n of_o a_o manor_n as_o fulbecke_n term_v they_o dicalogue_n fulbecke_n in_o his_o four_o dicalogue_n their_o demesne_n they_o term_v inland_n because_o the_o lord_n keep_v they_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o enjoy_v they_o in_o their_o own_o possession_n their_o service_n they_o term_v vtlands_n because_o those_o land_n be_v in_o the_o manurance_n and_o occupation_n of_o certain_a tenant_n who_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o profit_n arise_v out_o of_o these_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v unto_o their_o lord_n certain_a duty_n and_o service_n their_o demesne_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n and_o their_o service_n likewise_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n sec_n iii_o one_o sort_n of_o their_o demesne_n be_v term_v bockland_n because_o they_o pass_v by_o book_n and_o they_o in_o effect_n differ_v nothing_o from_o our_o freehold_a land_n at_o this_o day_n sec_n iv_o the_o other_a sort_n of_o their_o demesne_n be_v term_v folklands_n because_o they_o pass_v by_o poll_n and_o be_v claim_v and_o challenge_v by_o the_o tenant_n not_o by_o any_o assurance_n in_o write_n but_o only_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o people_n per_fw-la vocem_fw-la populi_fw-la and_o they_o in_o effect_n differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o copyhold_n land_n at_o this_o day_n sec_n v._o touch_v their_o service_n one_o sort_n of_o their_o service_n be_v servicia_fw-la libera_fw-la which_o consist_v most_o common_o in_o render_v as_o to_o pay_v yearly_o such_o a_o rent_n or_o in_o vser_n as_o where_o the_o lord_n reserve_v common_a for_o his_o cattle_n or_o in_o prender_n as_o where_o the_o lord_n reserve_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o load_n of_o estover_n for_o fuel_n to_o be_v take_v yearly_a in_o his_o tenant_n ground_n sec_n vi_o the_o other_a sort_n of_o service_n be_v servitia_fw-la villana_fw-la which_o consist_v altogether_o in_o fesance_n as_o to_o scour_v the_o lord_n ditch_n to_o tile_n his_o house_n to_o thatch_v his_o barn_n or_o such_o like_a sec_n vii_o and_o in_o the_o reservation_n of_o these_o service_n the_o lord_n have_v a_o special_a respect_n unto_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n do_v they_o transfer_v their_o bockelands_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la freehold_n land_n they_o will_v never_o reserve_v villain_fw-fr service_n do_v they_o transfer_v their_o folkland_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la copyhold_n land_n they_o will_v never_o reserve_v free_a service_n but_o still_o they_o suit_v their_o service_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o reason_n i_o gather_v be_v this_o in_o those_o day_n none_o but_o man_n of_o good_a account_n and_o reckon_v enjoy_v the_o say_a bock_n land_n whereas_o holblands_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n of_o mean_a sort_n and_o condition_n and_o therefore_o have_v not_o the_o lord_n care_v be_v extraordinary_a in_o reserve_v apt_a service_n they_o shall_v have_v much_o wrong_v their_o tenant_n exscripta_a lamb._n in_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o saxon_a word_n terra_fw-la exscripta_a and_o thus_o much_o lambert_n verifi_v say_v terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la fuit_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la libera_fw-la at_o que_fw-la immunis_fw-la terra_fw-la vero_fw-la sine_fw-la scripto_fw-la officiorum_fw-la quadam_fw-la servitute_fw-la f●it_fw-la obligata_fw-la priorem_fw-la plerum_fw-la que_fw-la nobiles_fw-la atque_fw-la ingenui_fw-la posteriorem_fw-la vero_fw-la rustici_fw-la feri_fw-la &_o pagani_fw-la possidebant_fw-la lambert_n term_v these_o bocklands_n terras_fw-la liberas_fw-la atque_fw-la immunes_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitiis_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la liberae_fw-la aut_fw-la immunes_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la tenentes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la tantum_fw-la liberis_fw-la onerati_fw-la but_o i_o much_o wonder_v why_o this_o bockland_n do_v to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o freehold_n land_n since_o time_n have_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n that_o in_o the_o point_n of_o service_n a_o man_n can_v scarce_o discern_v any_o difference_n between_o freehold_n land_n and_o copyhold_n land_n the_o favourable_a hand_n of_o time_n have_v so_o enfranchise_v these_o copy-holders_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n their_o service_n do_v consist_v whole_o in_o feasance_n now_o they_o consist_v in_o render_v in_o vser_n and_o in_o prender_v as_o freeholders_n service_n do_v in_o those_o day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n time_n have_v deal_v so_o unfavourable_o with_o freeholders_n and_o have_v so_o abridge_v they_o of_o their_o former_a freedom_n that_o if_o you_o compare_v the_o service_n of_o the_o freeholders_n with_o the_o service_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n senties_fw-la hunc_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la illum_fw-la fore_fw-la liberum_fw-la how_o many_o freeholders_n be_v there_o at_o this_o day_n charge_v with_o base_a service_n as_o many_o i_o doubt_v not_o as_o there_o be_v copy-holders_n no_o marvel_n then_o that_o many_o able_a man_n turn_v copy-holders_n and_o many_o peasant_n turn_v freeholder_n no_o marvel_n i_o say_v that_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n promiscuous_o both_o freeholders_n and_o copy-holders_n since_o there_o be_v such_o small_a respect_n have_v unto_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o reservation_n of_o our_o service_n yet_o observe_v i_o pray_v though_o time_n have_v so_o enfranchise_v these_o copy-holders_n that_o they_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n shake_v off_o all_o villain_n service_n yet_o they_o retain_v a_o badge_n of_o their_o former_a bondage_n for_o they_o remain_v still_o subject_a to_o their_o lord_n will_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v term_v tenant_n at_o will_n but_o with_o freeholders_n otherwise_v it_o be_v for_o they_o be_v not_o in_o that_o subjection_n to_o their_o lord_n peradventure_o in_o this_o respect_n only_a bocklands_n may_v be_v term_v freehold_n land_n and_o folk-land_n villain_n land_n and_o yet_o time_n have_v deal_v very_o favourable_o with_o copy-holders_n in_o this_o point_n of_o will_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o point_n of_o service_n sec_n viii_o 51._o bract_n lib._n 4._o tr._n 3._o cap_n 9_o numb_a 5._o fleta_n lib._n 5._o cap_n 51._o for_o as_o i_o conjecture_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n sure_o i_o be_o in_o the_o norman_n time_n those_o copy-holders_n be_v so_o far_o subject_a to_o the_o lord_n will_v that_o eorum_fw-la tenentes_fw-la

this_o shall_v ever_o bind_v the_o feme_fw-fr and_o her_o heir_n and_o yet_o she_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o sub_fw-la potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la because_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v the_o chief_a basis_n upon_o which_o stand_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o therefore_o what_o custom_n do_v confirm_v to_o a_o copyholder_n the_o law_n will_v ever_o allow_v and_o never_o seek_v to_o avoid_v it_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o such_o imperfection_n in_o the_o grantors_n person_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n be_v no_o more_o respect_v than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o his_o interest_n be_v lawful_a be_v his_o estate_n never_o so_o great_a or_o never_o so_o little_a it_o be_v not_o material_a for_o be_v it_o in_o fee_n or_o be_v it_o in_o tail_n or_o dower_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n as_o guardian_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o statute_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la or_o at_o will_n the_o least_o of_o these_o estate_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o grant_v any_o copyhold_n esheat_v unto_o he_o for_o as_o long_a time_n as_o the_o custom_n do_v allow_v the_o ancient_a rent_n and_o service_n be_v true_o reserve_v and_o these_o grant_n shall_v ever_o bind_v they_o that_o have_v the_o inheritance_n or_o franck-tenement_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o well_o as_o office_n grant_v for_o life_n by_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n who_o office_n be_v but_o at_o will_n shall_v ever_o conclude_v the_o succeed_a justice_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v this_o a_o copyholder_n upon_o voluntary_a grant_n make_v by_o copy_n do_v not_o derive_v his_o estate_n out_o of_o the_o lord_n estate_n only_o for_o then_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n shall_v cease_v when_o the_o lord_n interest_n determine_v nam_fw-la cessante_fw-la primitivo_fw-la cessat_fw-la derivativus_fw-la but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o befall_v the_o lord_n interest_n in_o his_o manor_n be_v it_o determine_v by_o the_o course_n of_o time_n by_o death_n by_o forfeiture_n or_o other_o mean_n yet_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la how_o small_a so_o ever_o his_o estate_n be_v that_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o same_o custom_n that_o fix_v a_o copyholder_n instant_o in_o his_o land_n upon_o his_o admittance_n will_v likewise_o preserve_v and_o protect_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o end_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o though_o the_o lord_n interest_n fail_v yet_o his_o shall_v never_o fall_v to_o ground_n be_v uphold_v by_o such_o a_o prop_n such_o a_o pillar_n unless_o perchance_o the_o copyholder_n offer_v violence_n to_o his_o founder_n in_o break_v the_o custom_n if_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n and_o after_o do_v sever_v this_o copyholder_n from_o the_o manor_n by_o grant_v the_o inheritance_n to_o a_o stranger_n though_o now_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a pillar_n of_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v want_v viz._n to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n yet_o because_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n admittance_n have_v this_o necessary_a incident_a this_o severance_n be_v a_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la can_v amount_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o copyhold_n espicial_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o lord_n himself_o if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v upon_o condition_n and_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v the_o land_n be_v grant_v by_o copy_n than_o the_o manor_n become_v forfeit_v and_o the_o feoffer_n enter_v yet_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n remain_v untouched_a because_o lawful_o establish_v by_o custom_n and_o yet_o all_o mean_a estate_n and_o charge_n whatsoever_o grant_v by_o the_o feoffee_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v voidable_a upon_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o feoffer_n for_o we_o have_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o when_o a_o entry_n be_v make_v for_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n the_o party_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v in_o the_o same_o plight_n that_o he_o be_v in_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o estate_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o fee_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n a_o daughter_n and_o his_o wife_n be_v privement_n inseint_a with_o a_o son_n and_o the_o daughter_n grant_v land_n by_o copy_n this_o grant_n shall_v stand_v good_a against_o the_o son_n for_o the_o daughter_n be_v legitime_a domina_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la so_o if_o the_o feoffee_n of_o a_o manor_n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v a_o stranger_n the_o next_o day_n make_v a_o voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n this_o shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o his_o interest_n be_v to_o have_v but_o small_a continuance_n if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v with_o a_o feme_fw-fr in_o francke_n marriage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o divorce_n have_v causa_fw-la paercontractus_fw-la so_o that_o now_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v now_o grant_v to_o the_o feme_fw-fr only_a and_o by_o relation_n the_o marriage_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o because_o the_o baron_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la any_o copyholder_n estate_n grant_v before_o the_o divorce_n remain_v good_a so_o if_o a_o man_n espouse_v a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n under_o the_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o after_o she_o do_v disagree_v though_o the_o marriage_n by_o relation_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o copyhold_n grant_v before_o disagreement_n shall_v never_o be_v avoid_v causa_fw-la qua_fw-la supra_fw-la if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n commit_v felony_n or_o murder_n and_o process_n of_o outlawry_n be_v award_v against_o he_o after_o the_o exigent_n he_o grant_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o then_o be_v attaint_v these_o grant_n be_v authentical_a though_o by_o relation_n the_o manor_n be_v forfeit_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o exigent_n award_v so_o if_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v attaint_v by_o verdict_n or_o confession_n any_o grant_n by_o copy_n after_o the_o felony_n or_o murder_v commit_v shall_v stand_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o relation_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n acknowledge_v a_o statute_n and_o then_o grant_v land_n by_o copy_n and_o after_o the_o manor_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o cognisee_fw-mi in_o extent_n the_o grant_n can_v by_o this_o be_v impeach_v and_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n take_v a_o wife_n and_o after_o make_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o die_v though_o the_o feme_fw-fr have_v this_o manor_n assign_v unto_o she_o for_o her_o dower_n yet_o can_v she_o avoid_v these_o copyhold_n estate_n because_o the_o copyholder_n be_v in_o by_o a_o title_n paramount_n the_o title_n of_o the_o feme_fw-fr viz._n by_o custom_n but_o paradventure_o if_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n before_o the_o assignment_n make_v unto_o the_o feme_fw-fr for_o her_o dower_n have_v grant_v land_n by_o copy_n the_o feme_fw-fr may_v avoid_v these_o grant_n because_o instant_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o baron_n her_o title_n receive_v his_o perfection_n and_o nothing_o more_o be_v want_v to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o her_o interest_n but_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n be_v not_o respect_v yet_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o copyhold_n be_v regard_v for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o to_o a_o stranger_n or_o reserve_v the_o reversion_n to_o himself_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v grant_v this_o by_o copy_n in_o fee_n whatsoever_o estate_n the_o lord_n have_v in_o his_o manor_n yet_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o the_o copyhold_n no_o large_a estate_n shall_v pass_v than_o he_o himself_o have_v quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la plus_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la transfer_v quam_fw-la ipse_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o further_o observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o law_n respect_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o what_o act_v so_o ever_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o custom_n but_o only_o strengthen_v by_o the_o power_n authority_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o long_o continuance_n than_o the_o lord_n estate_n continue_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o licence_n to_o a_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n and_o die_v the_o licence_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o power_n of_o alienation_n cease_v as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n that_o be_v much_o more_o now_o respect_v than_o either_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o estate_n or_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n or_o he_o who_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o make_v a_o