treat_v and_o speak_v follow_v not_o that_o which_o he_o be_v inward_o sensible_a of_o the_o clerk_n or_o clergyman_n be_v become_v administrator_n of_o these_o good_n by_o law_n which_o have_v grant_v unto_o christian_a college_n the_o power_n of_o acquire_v estate_n 227._o n._n 227._o both_o by_o will_n and_o donation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v bequeath_v their_o good_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o church_n have_v give_v unto_o the_o say_a clergy_n in_o the_o canon_n therefore_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v and_o to_o dispense_v these_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o law_n disposition_n donation_n and_o testamentary_a disposition_n and_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n and_o that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v contrary_a to_o it_o can_v be_v call_v otherwise_o than_o injustice_n injury_n and_o usurpation_n the_o canonist_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v most_o full_a power_n over_o the_o good_n and_o benefice_n ecclesiastical_a so_o that_o he_o may_v conjoin_v they_o diminish_v they_o erect_v new_a one_o give_v they_o ad_fw-la nutum_fw-la confer_v they_o before_o they_o become_v vacant_a lay_v upon_o they_o servitude_n burden_n and_o pension_n and_o general_o that_o in_o beneficial_a matter_n the_o pope_n will_n be_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o reason_n or_o right_o this_o suffice_v not_o but_o they_o add_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v alter_v or_o transform_v into_o other_o work_n the_o legacy_n ad_fw-la pias_fw-la causas_fw-la and_o may_v alter_v the_o disposition_n of_o testator_n apply_v that_o to_o another_o which_o they_o shall_v have_v appoint_v for_o a_o pious_a work_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n which_o have_v change_v all_o the_o government_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a institution_n 228._o n._n 228._o but_o it_o remain_v still_o in_o doubt_n who_o do_v amiss_o and_o err_v the_o ancient_a or_o the_o modern_a if_o so_o much_o as_o a_o doubt_n may_v happen_v martin_n navarr_n with_o some_o of_o the_o more_o moderate_a canonist_n limit_n this_o proposition_n that_o the_o pope_n may_v alter_v the_o last_o will_n only_o restrain_v when_o there_o be_v a_o lawful_a cause_n of_o do_v it_o which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o his_o own_o and_o of_o the_o power_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n come_v down_o also_o to_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o pope_n can_v without_o cause_n give_v that_o to_o one_o church_n which_o be_v leave_v unto_o another_o therefore_o how_o much_o less_o unto_o person_n not_o call_v navarrus_n say_v also_o that_o the_o say_n of_o the_o gloss_n approve_v by_o the_o canonist_n that_o be_v in_o beneficial_a matter_n the_o pope_n will_n be_v instead_o and_o take_v the_o place_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o thing_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la positivo_fw-la but_o not_o in_o that_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o disagree_v with_o natural_a and_o divine_a law_n and_o those_o who_o give_v no_o unlimited_a power_n unto_o the_o pope_n 229._o n._n 229._o will_v also_o exclude_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n not_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o absurdity_n that_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o such_o importance_n the_o universal_a church_n shall_v have_v err_v and_o do_v amiss_o and_o that_o the_o court_n shall_v do_v upright_o the_o say_v navarrus_n add_v further_a that_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o clementines_n that_o the_o free_a disposal_n of_o benefice_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n the_o word_n free_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o licence_n leave_v or_o consent_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o contradiction_n of_o any_o man_n soever_o but_o yet_o without_o prejudice_n of_o the_o three_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o this_o exposition_n as_o it_o seem_v convenient_a to_o be_v admit_v there_o will_v be_v see_v a_o great_a opposition_n to_o reservation_n because_o they_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o give_n of_o benefice_n unto_o stranger_n because_o it_o be_v with_o prejudice_n to_o those_o of_o the_o country_n in_o who_o favour_n the_o will_n be_v make_v and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o the_o pretention_n to_o have_v power_n or_o to_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o decease_a i_o know_v well_o that_o other_o answer_v to_o this_o that_o all_o be_v true_a 230._o n._n 230._o when_o there_o be_v no_o legitimate_a cause_n but_o the_o point_n be_v who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o belong_v to_o himself_o who_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v restrain_v it_o be_v as_o good_a to_o give_v he_o the_o absolute_a authority_n as_o that_o which_o be_v limit_v with_o a_o lawful_a cause_n unless_o the_o law_n be_v above_o it_o navarrus_n add_v very_o notable_a thing_n say_v that_o in_o our_o age_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o jurisconsult_v which_o expatiate_v so_o much_o the_o papal_a power_n in_o beneficial_a matter_n be_v in_o much_o credit_n to_o please_v those_o who_o be_v ambitious_a of_o many_o benefice_n which_o they_o accept_v as_o fit_v for_o their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n who_o hear_v a_o divine_a say_v public_o and_o a_o famous_a canonist_n that_o they_o will_v willing_o accept_v of_o all_o the_o benefice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o pope_n will_v bestow_v they_o upon_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a pius_fw-la quintus_fw-la tell_v they_o that_o the_o jurisconsult_v be_v wont_a to_o attribute_v more_o power_n than_o convenient_a to_o the_o pope_n whereto_o he_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o also_o which_o do_v not_o extol_v but_o that_o it_o behoove_v to_o walk_v in_o the_o middle_a way_n have_v respect_n unto_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n together_o 231._o n._n 231._o not_o do_v like_o the_o modern_a jurisconsult_v who_o magnify_v humane_a law_n so_o much_o that_o they_o answer_v against_o the_o divine_a however_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o contradict_v the_o opinion_n which_o give_v so_o much_o power_n for_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o the_o pope_n of_o who_o be_v treat_v although_o it_o comprehend_v not_o how_o it_o agree_v with_o divinity_n and_o with_o reason_n i_o shall_v only_o propose_v some_o difficulty_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v promoted_n by_o writer_n on_o such_o a_o opinion_n which_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v resolve_v truth_n in_o this_o matter_n will_v be_v most_o clear_a and_o first_o if_o the_o pope_n have_v such_o a_o ample_a authority_n who_o have_v give_v it_o he_o not_o christ_n because_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o he_o be_v only_o be_v spiritual_a thing_n for_o lose_v and_o for_o bind_v that_o be_v for_o remit_v and_o for_o retain_v of_o sin_n and_o then_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n be_v possess_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la hamano_n and_o not_o divino_fw-la and_o for_o such_o it_o have_v be_v resolve_v above_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v not_o receive_v this_o power_n from_o god_n much_o less_o from_o the_o law_n of_o prince_n from_o testamentary_a disposition_n 232._o n._n 232._o nor_o from_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n because_o all_o these_o have_v give_v the_o administration_n to_o the_o clergyman_n of_o each_o church_n over_o the_o estate_n and_o benefice_n thereof_o and_o prescribed_o also_o with_o limit_a condition_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v alter_v therefore_o he_o have_v it_o not_o from_o these_o there_o be_v no_o other_o patron_n in_o be_v nor_o none_o can_v have_v authority_n unless_o grant_v by_o these_o therefore_o it_o remain_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o whence_o and_o by_o what_o other_o way_n it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o to_o this_o doubt_v a_o second_o may_v be_v add_v if_o the_o pope_n have_v this_o authority_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o his_o predecessor_n for_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o more_o have_v never_o exercise_v any_o nor_o any_o ancient_a doctor_n nor_o council_n nor_o historian_n nor_o father_n nor_o canon_n have_v so_o much_o as_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v attribute_v that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o that_o now_o which_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n because_o that_o in_o the_o age_n that_o past_a between_o the_o year_n 800_o and_o 1100_o for_o 300_o year_n the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a throughout_o all_o europe_n that_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o 233._o n._n 233._o these_o at_o present_a be_v tolerable_a and_o indeed_o no_o pope_n do_v so_o much_o as_o intrude_v himself_o into_o the_o estate_n of_o other_o church_n which_o have_v great_a need_n of_o be_v govern_v and_o after_o the_o pope_n have_v begin_v to_o interpose_v themselves_o in_o some_o place_n until_o the_o time_n of_o clement_n the_o four_o no_o man_n ever_o pretend_v to_o such_o a_o ample_a and_o absolute_a power_n but_o the_o say_v clement_n have_v not_o direct_o publish_v
such_o a_o power_n but_o deal_v otherwise_o and_o almost_o incidental_o a_o way_n which_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o make_v a_o entire_a proof_n because_o the_o thing_n incidental_o speak_v in_o one_o way_n be_v direct_o consider_v and_o examine_v be_v oftentimes_o express_v after_o another_o way_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o authority_n serve_v for_o or_o tend_v to_o good_a because_o it_o appear_v thereby_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o abuse_n have_v be_v introduce_v from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o commendum_n the_o pension_n the_o regress_n the_o union_n the_o resignation_n the_o expectancy_n the_o reservation_n the_o yearly_o payment_n and_o the_o quindennium_n and_o other_o kind_n which_o no_o man_n defend_v unless_o by_o excuse_v they_o with_o the_o general_a corruption_n of_o the_o time_n there_o remain_v yet_o a_o three_o doubt_v 234._o n._n 234._o no_o less_o considerable_a in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v that_o since_o the_o pope_n have_v begin_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o so_o absolute_a authority_n the_o christian_a kingdom_n have_v always_o complain_v of_o it_o and_o have_v make_v some_o opposition_n against_o they_o as_o be_v above_o mention_v in_o this_o history_n so_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v be_v necessitate_v to_o moderate_a themselves_o and_o the_o moderation_n be_v not_o in_o their_o condescend_v to_o forbear_v the_o exercise_n of_o their_o pretend_a authority_n but_o by_o way_n of_o transaction_n practise_v in_o dark_a reason_n make_v agreement_n with_o kingdom_n and_o by_o form_n of_o contract_n resolve_v unto_o what_o term_n or_o bound_n their_o power_n be_v to_o extend_v a_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o have_v be_v do_v in_o prejudice_n to_o their_o successor_n if_o that_o authority_n have_v be_v thus_o free_a in_o the_o popedom_n pope_n leo_n the_o 10_o concorda_fw-la pragmatica_fw-la sanctio_n concorda_fw-la to_o take_v away_o the_o pragmatica_fw-la make_v the_o concordat_fw-la and_o so_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o in_o his_o bull_n he_o that_o have_v a_o most_o ample_a authority_n make_v not_o a_o concord_n but_o treat_v with_o his_o subject_n like_o a_o superior_a and_o by_o way_n of_o concession_n i_o offer_v no_o violence_n to_o the_o word_n but_o in_o all_o the_o thing_n itself_o 235._o n._n 235._o leo_n not_o only_o call_v it_o a_o concordia_n but_o say_v also_o illam_fw-la very_fw-la contractus_fw-la &_o obligationis_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o sedem_fw-la apostolicam_fw-la praedictam_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la &_o praefatum_fw-la regem_fw-la ex_fw-la altera_fw-la partibus_fw-la legitime_fw-la initi_fw-la some_o man_n may_v require_v that_o it_o be_v declare_v the_o popedom_n of_o rome_n have_v a_o difference_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n pretend_v to_o have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n over_o benefice_n to_o reserve_v they_o to_o himself_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o kingdom_n pretend_v that_o the_o authority_n belong_v to_o their_o prelate_n they_o form_v two_o party_n at_o law_n and_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n they_o make_v a_o lawful_a contract_n of_o obligation_n whereby_o they_o declare_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o each_o how_o can_v any_o man_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n pretention_n be_v legitimate_a and_o clear_a i_o can_v say_v that_o i_o be_o able_a to_o answer_v any_o of_o these_o difficulty_n if_o there_o be_v any_o answer_n i_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a well_o may_v i_o say_v that_o observe_v that_o which_o for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n have_v be_v observe_v that_o ecclesiastical_a live_n have_v be_v administer_v in_o each_o diocese_n 236._o n._n 236._o their_o own_o by_o their_o own_o minister_n all_o difficulty_n be_v avoid_v and_o if_o example_n ought_v to_o instruct_v they_o will_v be_v better_a and_o more_o fruitful_o dispense_v than_o now_o they_o be_v in_o the_o three_o first_o question_n have_v be_v treat_v of_o the_o stock_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o four_o now_o remain_v wherein_o follow_v the_o treat_v of_o the_o fruit_n or_o rent_n or_o income_n thereof_o the_o holy_a father_n who_o have_v write_v before_o the_o division_n of_o the_o estate_n into_o four_o part_n have_v all_o say_v unanimous_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o clergyman_n be_v the_o poors_z and_o that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n have_v no_o other_o power_n over_o they_o but_o to_o govern_v they_o and_o to_o dispense_v they_o according_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o poor_a declare_v those_o minister_n to_o be_v not_o only_a thief_n but_o also_o sacrilegious_a who_o make_v any_o other_o use_n of_o they_o beside_o their_o institution_n all_o clergyman_n do_v not_o manage_v the_o estate_n though_o indeed_o all_o be_v dispense_v by_o they_o as_o likewise_o the_o livelihood_n be_v administer_v to_o widow_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o to_o other_o miserable_a person_n but_o according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n only_o the_o deacon_n 237._o n._n 237._o subdeacon_n and_o other_o steward_n be_v appoint_v thereunto_o and_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o in_o some_o place_n to_o the_o presbyter_n or_o priest_n the_o division_n be_v make_v and_o the_o benefice_n institute_v although_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o bishop_n the_o priest_n and_o the_o other_o clergyman_n may_v do_v what_o they_o will_v with_o the_o beneficial_a income_n as_o with_o their_o own_o yet_o the_o writer_n speak_v in_o this_o manner_n say_v that_o a_o clergyman_n can_v make_v use_n of_o the_o income_n of_o a_o benefice_n but_o as_o far_o as_o his_o moderate_a need_n require_v and_o the_o overplus_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o spend_v in_o pious_a use_n and_o with_o much_o reason_n because_o the_o division_n alter_v not_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o a_o estate_n if_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v both_o part_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n among_o other_o who_o write_v after_o the_o divide_v st._n gregory_n who_o be_v a_o little_a above_o 100_o year_n after_o and_o st._n bernard_n who_o be_v almost_o 1000_o year_n after_o exclaim_v most_o heavy_o against_o those_o who_o spend_v the_o income_n of_o benefice_n in_o ill_a use_n 238._o n._n 238._o as_o against_o person_n usurp_a the_o common_a stock_n and_o murderer_n of_o the_o poor_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o they_o thus_o all_o the_o doctor_n write_v until_o the_o year_n 1250_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o handle_v thing_n more_o subtle_o and_o hold_v it_o for_o constant_a as_o speak_v by_o all_o the_o ancient_n that_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n to_o misspend_v that_o which_o exceed_v the_o moderate_a necessity_n of_o the_o clergyman_n it_o be_v inquire_v into_o that_o if_o benefice_a man_n not_o spend_v of_o that_o in_o due_a use_n which_o exceed_v above_o their_o need_n whether_o they_o only_a sin_n as_o a_o man_n sin_n who_o mis-spends_a his_o own_o or_o whether_o also_o beside_o the_o sin_n they_o be_v oblige_v unto_o restitution_n as_o ill_a consumer_n of_o other_o man_n good_n if_o they_o be_v patron_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o benefice_n or_o as_o the_o law_n say_v usufructuary_n although_o they_o sin_v by_o ill_a administration_n yet_o they_o do_v injustice_n to_o no_o man_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v to_o make_v any_o one_o amends_o because_o they_o have_v not_o in_o government_n any_o thing_n of_o another_o man_n but_o their_o own_o but_o if_o they_o be_v dispensator_n with_o power_n only_o to_o receive_v their_o own_o needs_o which_o the_o law_n call_v vsuary_n 239._o n._n 239._o when_o they_o dispense_v not_o upright_o they_o remain_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o restore_v or_o make_v good_a as_o much_o more_o as_o they_o have_v consume_v much_o more_o those_o who_o receive_v from_o they_o by_o contract_n gratis_o that_o be_v those_o to_o who_o they_o give_v or_o leave_v by_o testament_n be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v it_o as_o have_v receive_v it_o from_o one_o who_o be_v not_o the_o master_n of_o it_o conscience_n oblige_v i_o to_o set_v this_o doubt_n on_o foot_n which_o have_v be_v handle_v or_o treat_v on_o these_o 350_o year_n remain_v still_o in_o controversy_n with_o equal_a number_n of_o authority_n on_o each_o side_n and_o at_o last_o with_o severe_a opposition_n and_o apology_n it_o be_v in_o controversy_n between_o martin_n navarr_n a_o canonist_n and_o a_o casuist_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o one_o name_v sarmiento_n navarr_n hold_v that_o the_o clergyman_n be_v not_o patron_n but_o dispensator_n so_o that_o they_o not_o only_o commit_v sin_n but_o be_v oblige_v unto_o restitution_n cardinal_n gaetan_a be_v of_o a_o middle_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o different_a thing_n between_o speak_v of_o bishop_n and_o rich_a abbot_n and_o those_o who_o have_v only_o what_o be_v decent_a or_o a_o little_a more_o and_o that_o these_o have_v no_o more_o than_o their_o own_o share_n 240._o n._n
leave_v by_o will_n which_o indeed_o be_v then_o spend_v by_o they_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o monk_n and_o in_o hospitality_n in_o school_n and_o education_n of_o youth_n and_o in_o other_o pious_a work_n the_o abbot_n tritemius_fw-la make_v account_n that_o the_o monastery_n of_o benedict_n in_o monks_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 15000_o 32._o n._n 32._o beside_o the_o prepositure_n and_o lesser_a convent_v prepositure_fw-fr prepositure_fw-fr the_o monk_n themselves_o choose_v their_o own_o abbot_n who_o govern_v they_o spiritual_o and_o rule_v also_o as_o well_o the_o good_n which_o come_v by_o the_o charitable_a offering_n of_o the_o faithful_a as_o of_o those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o art_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n those_o also_o which_o come_v from_o settle_a revenue_n but_o the_o bishop_n in_o these_o day_n which_o succeed_v the_o year_n 500_o 500_o ao._n 500_o be_v become_v absolute_a dispensator_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o church_n good_n begin_v also_o to_o mind_n more_o temporal_a thing_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o the_o city_n whereupon_o election_n be_v no_o more_o use_v as_o the_o end_n of_o divine_a service_n but_o with_o seditious_a practice_n proceed_v oftentimes_o from_o practice_n to_o public_a violence_n for_o which_o cause_n prince_n who_o until_o then_o take_v but_o little_a thought_n of_o who_o shall_v be_v elect_v unto_o this_o ministry_n begin_v to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o it_o 33._o n._n 33._o be_v advertise_v by_o the_o holy_a man_n of_o those_o time_n that_o god_n have_v commit_v the_o protection_n of_o his_o church_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o divine_a ministry_n to_o take_v such_o care_n that_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n shall_v be_v lawful_o manage_v the_o prince_n also_o see_v evident_o how_o great_a impediment_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o state_n and_o against_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o private_a interest_n of_o the_o ambitious_a clergy_n and_o by_o the_o seditious_a practice_n which_o they_o use_v to_o acquire_v ecclesiastical_a dignity_n whereupon_o partly_o out_o of_o divine_a respect_n and_o partly_o for_o human_a they_o begin_v to_o prevent_v the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n from_o provide_v themselves_o after_o their_o way_n according_a to_o their_o affection_n as_o well_o because_o affair_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o bishopric_n no_o more_o shun_v but_o covet_v they_o make_v party_n from_o whence_o proceed_v sedition_n and_o sometime_o popular_a slaughter_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o concurrent_n as_o also_o because_o sometime_o factious_a person_n be_v choose_v for_o bishop_n who_o hold_v private_a intelligence_n with_o the_o prince_n enemy_n which_o be_v never_o want_v in_o the_o western_a confusion_n 34._o n._n 34._o and_o sometime_o person_n be_v choose_v who_o have_v gain_v a_o train_n of_o people_n attempt_v some_o design_n to_o attribute_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o themselves_o and_o will_v stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v their_o enterprise_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n ordain_v that_o no_o person_n elect_v shall_v be_v consecrate_a without_o their_o consent_n or_o the_o magistrate_n the_o prince_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a bishopric_n as_o in_o italy_n of_o rome_n ravenna_n and_o of_o milan_n leave_v the_o lesser_a bishopric_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o minister_n but_o take_v more_o heed_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n than_o to_o the_o appearance_n when_o in_o a_o city_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a subject_n know_v to_o the_o people_n to_o who_o all_o be_v incline_v ☞_o ☞_o and_o the_o prince_n satisfy_v that_o he_o please_v the_o people_n occurrenza_n occurrenza_n when_o a_o occurrence_n come_v he_o be_v consecrate_a without_o more_o ado_n sometime_o also_o there_o happen_v through_o accident_n of_o war_n or_o of_o plague_n that_o one_o have_v be_v ordain_v before_o he_o have_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o prince_n 35._o n._n 35._o as_o happen_v to_o pelagius_n the_o second_o predecessor_n to_o st._n gregory_n rome_n be_v besiege_a by_o the_o lombard_n after_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v he_o send_v gregory_n who_o be_v then_o deacon_n to_o make_v excuse_n to_o the_o emperor_n beseech_v he_o to_o confirm_v what_o necessity_n have_v constrain_v he_o to_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n pope_n be_v elect_v and_o bishop_n in_o italy_n until_o the_o year_n 750_o 750._o ao._n 750._o with_o the_o imperial_a confirmation_n but_o in_o france_n and_o in_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o alps_o the_o regal_a or_o the_o prince_n authority_n be_v herein_o more_o absolute_a for_o the_o people_n total_o desist_v from_o the_o election_n when_o the_o prince_n take_v it_o in_o hand_n good_a man_n forbear_v because_o believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v well_o provide_v with_o king_n esteem_v their_o intervention_n superfluous_a evil_a man_n because_o they_o be_v not_o certain_a of_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v their_o design_n to_o pass_v whereupon_o the_o king_n give_v the_o bishopric_n to_o they_o only_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n in_o all_o gregory_n turonensis_n '_o history_n from_o clodovius_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o france_n unto_o the_o year_n 590_o no_o bishop_n be_v know_v to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o command_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n 36._o n._n 36._o and_o st._n gregory_n who_o be_v make_v pope_n that_o year_n write_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o different_a occasion_n complain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o bishopric_n be_v not_o bestow_v on_o sufficient_a man_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o good_a and_o understand_a man_n he_o never_o reprehend_v the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o king_n when_o the_o person_n provide_v be_v deserve_v as_o for_o bishop_n who_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o exclude_v they_o also_o from_o the_o election_n of_o priest_n deacon_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n reduce_v the_o power_n of_o nominate_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n only_o without_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o people_n part_n of_o they_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o total_o from_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a congregation_n to_o attend_v their_o domestic_a affair_n other_o through_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v arise_v among_o popular_a faction_n and_o some_o other_o for_o see_v themselves_o disrespect_a by_o the_o bishop_n grow_v potent_a as_o well_o by_o the_o riches_n he_o have_v to_o spend_v as_o by_o his_o dependence_n on_o the_o prince_n by_o who_o he_o be_v nominate_v to_o or_o confirm_v in_o the_o bishopric_n the_o prince_n sometime_o nominate_v those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v 37._o n._n 37._o at_o other_o time_n he_o leave_v the_o care_n whole_o to_o the_o bishop_n chief_o when_o he_o be_v full_o confident_a which_o confidence_n be_v also_o cause_n that_o the_o prince_n oftentimes_o make_v use_n of_o the_o bishop_n either_o to_o compose_v difficalty_n among_o the_o people_n or_o to_o determine_v difficult_a cause_n the_o respect_n of_o religion_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v more_o believe_v than_o the_o magistrate_n whereupon_o they_o be_v more_o intent_n upon_o that_o than_o in_o teach_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n which_o at_o first_o be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n therefore_o when_o make_v of_o a_o bishop_n be_v in_o question_n it_o behoove_v rather_o to_o have_v respect_n unto_o a_o wise_a wordling_n than_o unto_o one_o understanding_n in_o matter_n of_o faith_n which_o remain_v still_o unto_o this_o time_n it_o be_v say_v that_o except_v the_o place_n border_v on_o the_o insidell_n it_o be_v better_a make_v a_o bishop_n of_o a_o good_a jurisconsult_a or_o lawyer_n than_o of_o a_o good_a divine_a and_o true_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a thing_n if_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v to_o judge_v cause_n 38._o n._n 38._o christ_n our_o lord_n ordain_v his_o apostle_n say_v as_o my_o father_n have_v send_v i_o so_o send_v i_o you_o by_o which_o they_o understand_v to_o be_v send_v to_o teach_v if_o now_o all_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o need_n of_o it_o he_o may_v attend_v somewhat_o else_o heretofore_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o teach_v and_o the_o next_o to_o oversee_v the_o government_n of_o the_o poor_a so_o that_o in_o the_o second_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o first_o there_o be_v some_o relaxation_n and_o therefore_o in_o make_v the_o division_n into_o four_o part_n abovemention_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o those_o be_v they_o who_o divide_v after_o their_o way_n so_o that_o where_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o priest_n be_v conscionable_a man_n the_o division_n be_v just_o
give_v to_o the_o portion_n of_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n or_o to_o the_o right_n of_o possess_v they_o because_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o prince_n as_o bishopric_n or_o by_o the_o bishop_n of_o who_o consent_n and_o concession_n other_o live_n be_v bestow_v and_o also_o because_o clergyman_n be_v spiritual_a soldier_n keep_v guard_n and_o exercise_v a_o sacred_a warfare_n the_o abbey_n beyond_o the_o alps_o be_v at_o last_o make_v more_o ample_a and_o more_o rich_a abbey_n abbey_n by_o reason_n the_o master_n of_o the_o palace_n assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o authority_n of_o make_v the_o abbot_n palazzo_n maestri_n di_fw-fr palazzo_n and_o that_o with_o a_o reason_n apparent_a enough_o because_o the_o monk_n then_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v layman_n without_o any_o ecclesiastical_a ordination_n 46._o n._n 46._o it_o be_v true_a they_o do_v not_o always_o give_v he_o to_o they_o but_o sometime_o out_o of_o favour_n he_o grant_v the_o monk_n leave_v to_o choose_v themselves_o one_o but_o in_o italy_n the_o monastery_n be_v not_o very_o considerable_a in_o wealth_n 750._o ao._n 750._o until_o the_o year_n 750._o the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n than_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o lombard_n make_v no_o great_a account_n of_o they_o whereupon_o the_o election_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o monk_n with_o the_o sole_a superintendency_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o the_o bishop_n sometime_o be_v intent_n to_o grow_v great_a they_o molest_v the_o monastery_n too_o much_o wherefore_o the_o abbot_n and_o monk_n desirous_a of_o free_v themselves_o from_o that_o subjection_n exemption_n exemption_n find_v a_o way_n by_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n that_o he_o may_v take_v they_o into_o his_o immediate_a protection_n and_o exempt_v they_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o bishop_n this_o be_v easy_o consent_v unto_o by_o the_o pope_n make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o well_o to_o have_v other_o person_n in_o city_n immediate_o depend_v on_o they_o as_o to_o amplify_v their_o power_n over_o the_o bishop_n it_o be_v very_o important_a that_o a_o corporation_n so_o notable_a as_o be_v the_o monk_n who_o in_o those_o time_n almost_o whole_o attend_v on_o learning_n 47._o n._n 47._o shall_v depend_v total_o on_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n a_o beginning_n be_v make_v of_o these_o exemption_n all_o the_o monastery_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n remain_v unite_v to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n and_o separate_v from_o their_o bishop_n in_o france_n the_o bishop_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o much_o more_o those_o who_o be_v make_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o palace_n the_o king_n authority_n be_v lessen_v betake_v themselves_o all_o to_o temporal_a thing_n which_o the_o abbot_n do_v likewise_o who_o furnish_v the_o king_n with_o soldier_n and_o go_v to_o the_o war_n in_o person_n not_o as_o religious_a man_n to_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o christ_n minister_n but_o arm_v and_o fight_v also_o with_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o good_n but_o draw_v all_o to_o themselves_o whereupon_o the_o poor_a priest_n who_o administer_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o sacrament_n to_o the_o people_n in_o church_n remain_v without_o a_o livelihood_n wherefore_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o devotion_n contribute_v unto_o they_o part_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n which_o be_v do_v in_o some_o place_n more_o liberal_o 48._o n._n 48._o and_o in_o other_o more_o spare_o querimony_n or_o complaint_n arise_v about_o it_o sometime_o because_o when_o it_o be_v often_o treat_v how_o much_o that_o shall_v be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o vicar_n or_o curate_n it_o go_v for_o a_o common_a opinion_n to_o be_v convenient_a after_o the_o example_n of_o god_n law_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n to_o give_v the_o ten_o tithe_n tithe_n which_o be_v command_v that_o people_n by_o god_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a thing_n to_o represent_v it_o under_o the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n as_o due_a also_o though_o indeed_o nothing_o else_o be_v say_v of_o it_o by_o our_o lord_n and_o by_o st._n paul_n but_o that_o necessary_a maintenance_n be_v due_a from_o the_o people_n to_o the_o minister_n and_o that_o the_o minister_n or_o the_o labourer_n be_v worthy_a of_o his_o hire_n and_o he_o that_o serve_v at_o the_o altar_n aught_o to_o live_v by_o the_o altar_n without_o prescribe_v any_o determinate_a quantity_n because_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o tithe_n will_v be_v but_o little_a and_o in_o other_o case_n the_o hundred_o part_n will_v suffice_v but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o clear_a thing_n and_o that_o hereafter_o we_o have_v need_n of_o handle_v it_o more_o diffuse_o i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o now_o but_o that_o in_o those_o day_n and_o for_o a_o age_n afterward_o 49._o n._n 49._o the_o sermon_n which_o be_v make_v in_o church_n except_v the_o matter_n of_o faith_n tend_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o proof_n and_o exhortation_n to_o pay_v tithe_n a_o thing_n which_o the_o curate_n be_v force_v to_o do_v both_o for_o need_v and_o for_o utility_n or_o profit_n and_o in_o the_o amplify_a as_o it_o behoove_v like_o a_o orator_n they_o go_v often_o so_o far_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o place_v all_o christian_a perfection_n in_o pay_v of_o tithe_n of_o which_o not_o well_o content_a and_o the_o praedial_n not_o seem_v sufficient_a for_o they_o they_o begin_v to_o hold_v the_o personal_n also_o for_o necessary_a that_o be_v what_o a_o man_n gain_v by_o his_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o hunt_v of_o all_o art_n and_o handicraft_n and_o also_o of_o the_o military_a pay_n of_o these_o sermon_n many_o be_v find_v without_o the_o author_n name_n some_o through_o error_n or_o on_o purpose_n be_v attribute_v to_o st._n augustin_n and_o to_o other_o ancient_a writer_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o style_n show_v they_o be_v make_v about_o the_o year_n 800._o history_n be_v clear_a that_o neither_o in_o africa_n nor_o in_o the_o east_n they_o never_o pay_v tithe_n and_o that_o their_o beginning_n 50._o n._n 50._o spring_v up_o in_o france_n as_o have_v be_v say_v i_o will_v pass_v unto_o italy_n title_n no_o man_n ordain_v without_o a_o title_n where_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n no_o man_n be_v ever_o ordain_v to_o who_o there_o be_v not_o appoint_v both_o his_o proper_a and_o special_a office_n and_o charge_n unless_o that_o some_o man_n famous_a in_o doctrine_n or_o in_o holiness_n who_o to_o attend_v on_o his_o sacred_a study_n refuse_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o any_o particular_a cure_n the_o priest_n be_v ordain_v without_o give_v he_o any_o proper_a parish_n on_o which_o he_o may_v attend_v st._n hierolamo_n be_v ordain_v priest_n of_o antioch_n and_o st._n paulinus_n at_o barcelona_n and_o this_o occasion_n eccept_v benefice_n olympia_n no_o distinction_n between_o ordination_n and_o benefice_n antiquity_n know_v of_o no_o distinction_n between_o ordination_n and_o benefice_n and_o ordain_v be_v then_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o give_v a_o office_n and_o the_o right_n of_o have_v one_o livelihood_n from_o the_o common_a good_n of_o the_o church_n but_o afterward_o that_o in_o the_o confusion_n which_o war_n have_v cause_v in_o state_n many_o worthy_a and_o good_a clergyman_n be_v drive_v from_o their_o ministry_n they_o recover_v or_o have_v recourse_n to_o some_o other_o church_n where_o they_o be_v receive_v and_o maintain_v as_o their_o own_o clerk_n at_o the_o common_a charge_n 51._o n._n 51._o and_o sometime_o some_o minister_n of_o that_o church_n happen_v to_o fail_v by_o death_n or_o otherwise_o his_o office_n be_v appoint_v he_o to_o be_v minister_n therein_o and_o that_o clerk_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v incardinate_v whereas_o he_o who_o have_v first_o be_v exalt_v to_o a_o office_n cardinato_n cardinal_n incardinato_n cardinato_n be_v say_v to_o be_v ordinate_v or_o ordain_v thereunto_o but_o who_o be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o own_o and_o provide_v with_o another_o be_v call_v incardinate_v this_o manner_n begin_v in_o italy_n before_o the_o 600th_o year_n of_o christ_n birth_n when_o through_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o lumbards_n many_o bishop_n and_o other_o clergyman_n be_v drive_v from_o their_o charge_n for_o which_o cause_n when_o such_o like_a office_n be_v vacant_a in_o other_o church_n they_o be_v incardinate_v therein_o and_o the_o bishop_n be_v call_v episcopi_fw-la cardinal_n and_o the_o priest_n presbiteri_fw-la cardinal_n those_o who_o be_v drive_v out_o from_o their_o own_o place_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o ravenua_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o rich_a in_o office_n and_o ministery_n 52._o n._n 52._o those_o church_n i_o say_v as_o most_o rich_a and_o most_o abound_v receive_v most_o of_o those_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v more_o cardinal_n