In the Old Testament God commanded that the Levites who were the persons set apart to attend upon the service of God in those times under the Law as the Ministers of the word are under the Gospel should have allowance both by Tithes and other emoluments and profits out of sacrifices and oblations as every one knows and moreover they had given them by God's appointment 48. Cities with their suburbs and land annexed and appropriated to every one of them extending in quantity to 2000. Cubits of ground round about every City as it 's recorded in the 25th Chapter of the Book of Numbers and the first verse and so forward Secondly In the new Testament our Saviour Christ sending forth his 70. disciples to preach the Gospel bids them take neither bag nor scrip nor shooes but to eat and drink with those into whose houses they entred for the labourer is worthy of his hire Luke 10.4 5 6 7. verses S. Paul also justifies this at large and several times in 1 Cor. 9.9 10 11. verses He writes thus It is written in the Law of Moses Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the Oxe that treadeth out the corn Doth God take care for Oxen or saith he it altogether for our sakes for our sakes no doubt this is written that he that ploweth should plow in hope and that he that thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope If we have sowen unto you spiritual things is it a great thing if we shall reap your carnal things And then he addeth in the 23. verse Do you not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the Temple and they which wait at the Altar are partakers with the Altar even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the Gospell should live of the Gospell Here is no ambiguity nor obscurity in this Text but a plain and punctual affirmation that they which preach the Gospel should have their maintenance and livelihood for preaching of it But see yet further proof hereof to beat down if it may that unreasonable and unjust desire that is in some niggardly people who would have Ministers do all their work and labour for nothing Gal. 6.6 The Apostle gives this precept Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teacheth in all good things And again in 1 Tim. 5.17 18. verses Let the elders which rule well be counted worthy of double honour especially they who labour in the word and doctrine For the Scripture saith Thou shalt not muzzle the Oxe that treadeth out the corn and the labourer is worthy of his reward Here then is plentiful proof of Scripture for the justification of this point But now see it proved also by force of reason which I have learned out of Scripture also namely out of 1 Cor. 9.7 8 12. here the Apostle reasons after this manner Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges who planteth a vineyard and eateth not of the fruit thereof or who feedeth a flock and eateth not of the milk of the flock Say I these things as a man or saith not the Law the same also And then in the verses following rehearsed before applies it to the Ministers of the Gospel As if he should have said Every vocation and profession from the highest to the lowest from the King to the day-labourer affords some emolument and recompence to them that labour in them this cannot be denied And therefore if all other men live by their functions and callings it 's just that Ministers also should also live by theirs Again I read in Scripture namely in 1 Tim. 3.2 That a Bishop should be hospitable Now if people should afford him no allowance and compensation for his labour and pains but rather subduct that which hath been formerly given both by God as I shall make appear hereafter and devout men to the support of the Ministry I demand which I know cannot be rationally answered by what means a Bishop should maintain hospitallity So that very reason equity and justice claim an allowance to be yielded to the maintenance of the Ministry 2. Now I shall prove That it stands with equity and justice That Ministers have Tithes for their allowance And this I prove four ways or by four Arguments Argument 1. First Because God himself appointed this payment of Tithes first to his Ministers the Levites as was mentioned before in way of compensation for their work of the Ministry And therefore it stands with equity and justice because it hath him for the first Author who doth all things justly Argument 2. Secondly Because the payment of Tithes hath been used and continued here in England many hundred years by the appointment of the supreame Magistrates from time to time without any interruption and hath been also confirmed and established by sundry laws under the Saxon Kings of this Realm long before the Conquest and by many Acts of Parliament since in their several Ages which never yet were repealed Who herein have followed the pattern which God had set them so that to charge them with injustice herein is both against Reason Religion Duty and charity From whence it 's clear that Beneficed Ministers of the Church of England in their several respective Incumbencies have as full just and legal title and claim to their Tithes and as much right thereunto as any Lord of a Mannour Freeholder or other person hath to any of the Lands or Goods whereof he standeth possessed to wit Per Leges Consuetudines Angliae Wherefore seeing it's evident out of the Chronicles and Histories of the Politick Government of this Nation that Tithes have been so long alienated from the Layity and dedicated and given to the maintenance of the Ministry by those persons in supreme power from whom Lay-mens title to their Lands and to the other nine parts of the increase and fruits of the same was derived it 's therefore contrary to all equity and reason that they should claim any property or interest in Tithes now who have been so long time out of possession of them and divested of all interest and property in them Argument 3. Thirdly Because Tithes are assigned to the Ministers in England by the peoples own consent and Vote in Parliament For the Parliaments Vote is their Vote the Parliament being the Representative body of all the people in the Land Furthermore it 's also to be considered for the defence of the justice of the peoples payment of Tithes to Ministers that seeing it 's not nominated in the New Testament where a compensation is allowed and enjoyned for the work of the Ministry what or how much this compensation or allowance shall be therefore there was great equity that the supreme lawful Magistrate and the Parliament should determine and appoint what it should be as being the fittest intermediate Judges between the Ministers and the People For it was neither fit that Ministers should have
who ascribe most honour and reverence unto it and hold best correspondence and agreement with it in all points of Christian belief Fourthly and lastly This is not all that 's needful to know honour and believe Scripture and professe the true Religion which best agreeth with it but we must sow the seeds of good works also in obedience to the precepts and commandements of it because they are God's commandements or all the former will be as fruitlesse unto us as the husbandman's ground that 's tilled and dressed but never sown or the garment that 's made but never worn or the skill in humane arts and sciences whether liberal or mechanical that is acquired but never used This practical part of Religion is so abundantly and vehemently called for as of absolute necessity to salvation in every leaf almost of the Bible that I will rehearse but these thâ—â—re Texts Not every one that saith unto me Lord Lord shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven but he that doth the will of my Father which is in Heaven saith our (a) Math. 7.21 Saviour And Be ye doers of the word and not hearers only deceiving your own souls saith (b) Jam. 1.22 S. James And again As the body without the spirit is dead so the faith that is without works is (a) Jam. 2.26 dead I might amplifie and adorn this point by the accumulation of a number of elegant sentences to this purpose both out of Scripture and out of the Fathers and Phylosophers which both illustrate and necessitate the saâ—e Such as these Tantum scimus quantum operamur so much we know as we practise and Non incepisse sed perfecisse virtutis est it's the office of vertue not to begin well only but to perfect what she begins And Aristotle could say Virtus consistit in actione vertue consists in action And again he saith That man was born and brought into this world for these two ends Intilligere agere to understand and act to understand what he should do and to do that which he understands intimating thereby that knowledge is the inchoation and practise the perfection of the end of mans life which drew from an Emperor of Rome Marcus Aurelius Antoninus this wise and gracious speech That all his ambition after learning was but to make him wise and all his desire of wisedome was but to make him good meaning by the practise of it But I know it 's the rationality and solidity the strength and not the length of a discourse that best pleaseth and most prevaileth And therefore I will but only propound certain rules necessary to be observed that our obedience may be an acceptable service to God and profitable to our selves and so conclude which I will reduce to these four heads First We must see that our obedience be universal an obedience to all the commandements of God this is everywhere called for and inculcated both in the Old and New Testament so that I need not alledge any proofs and the reason is because all the commandements are so compiled and coupled together and so intricately implyed and involved one within another that whosoever violates one offers violence to all So saith S. James Whosoever shall keep the whole Law and yet offend in one point he is guilty of (a) Jam. 2.10 all For as in a ship or a net or a fence or a City wall one breach made is enough to indanger the losse of all that is contained in them except it be forthwith repaired So is it with God's commandements if we break through one we break out from God and so rush into the snare of the Divel who can hold us too fast with one trap The common objection of an impossibility to keep perfectly all the commandements is as commonly answered that though legally we cannot yet evangelically we may For out of the evangelical part of Scripture we learn that in and through Jesus Christ by whom all our spiritual sacrifices are made acceptable unto God as the Scripture (a) 1 Pet. 2.5 teacheth the unfeigned purpose and sincere desire and true endevour to observe and do all that God commands us is accepted of God for perfect obedience albeit we fail sometimes in some things beside our purpose and of infirmity For as he laies no more upon us in his great mercy then we are able to bear as the Apostle (b) 1 Cor. 10.13 teacheth so he looks for no more from us then we are enabled to do by the help of his assistant grace but spareth us as a man spareth his own son that serveth (c) Mal. 3.17 him who in his tender love to him will require nothing from him above his strength According to that of the Apostle If there be first a willing mind it is accepted according to that a man hath and not according to that he hath (d) 2 Cor. 8.12 not Secondly As our obedience must be intire and universal so it must be internal also and spiritual as well as external and corporal for God is a spirit and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and (a) John 4.24 truth Humane laws look only at the external performance and charge men no further so as if the outward act of obedience be done the intent of the doer is not questioned as being made to rule only the outward man But the divine Law of God the Apostle tells us is (b) Rom. 7.14 spirituall and so requireth the obedience of the heart and of every power and faculty thereof as being made to order and moderate every motion of the soule as well as to regulate every action of the body of many proofs for this that might be alledged see these few This day saith Moses to the people the Lord thy God hath commanded thee to do these statutes and judgements thou shalt therefore keep and do them with all thy heart and with all thy (c) Deut. 26.16 soul And saith Solomon My son forget not my law but let thine heart keep my (d) Prov. 3.1 commandements And saith S. Paul The weapons of our warfar are not carnal but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds casting down imaginations and every high thing that exalteth it self against the knowledge of God and bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of (a) 2 Cor. 10.4 5. Christ Thirdly Obedience must be spontaneous a willing and cheerful service It 's a sentence of a learned Divine Nemo invitus benè facit etiamsi bonum est quod facit No man doth well that doth any thing unwillingly though that be good which he doth We our selves dislike grudged service either from our children or servants and then God must needs be much more displeased with it from us because we owe him infinitely more obedience then we can here in this life perform unto him and therefore that little which we yield him had need be free and cheerful
Scripture that he died for many as well as for all as Isa 53.12 He bare the sins of many Matth. 20.28 He gave his life a ransome for many Heb. 9.28 Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many Which expressions import that he died not for all alike but for many in one sense and for all in another or else the expression of his dying for many were needlesse in that it is so oft expressed that he died for all Secondly Because it 's oft said that he died for his Church as John 10.15 I lay down my life for the sheep Eph. 5.25 Husbands love your Wives even as Christ also loved the Church and gave himself for it Which imports also that he died for all men in one sense and for his Church in another Thirdly because the Scripture hath in terminis in expresse words put a difference between his being a Saviour to all men and his being a Saviour to them that believe as in 1 Tim. 4.10 We trust in the living God who is the Saviour of all men specially of those that believe From whence I argue thus Christ died for all men as he is a Saviour of all men but he is a Saviour of all men in a different sense and sort namely generally of the universality of men and specially of his Church witnesse the distinction made by the Apostle in the fore-cited Text Therefore he died for all men in a different sense and sort namely in one sense and sort for the universality of men and in another sense and sort for the particularity of his Church To the third Quaery I answer That he died for all wicked men and unbelievers in these two senses according to Scripture 1. As suffering a satisfactory punishment for the sins of all the men in the world so as they are not left destitute of the means of remission of sins and of salvation according to the words of the Apostle 1 Tim. 2.6 There is one Mediator between God and men the man Christ Jesus who gave himself a ransome for all a testimony in due time And again Heb. 2.9 the Apostle saith that He tasted death for every man 2. He died for them upon condition of their faith and obedience according to these Scriptures John 3.16 God so loved the World that he gave his only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have everlasting life And Heb. 5.9 He became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him And so in like manner it 's the affirmation of sundry other Texts of Scripture But then he died not for them with an intention and purpose to give them grace to repent and believe and so to bring them to salvation which appears by Scripture to be a clear truth these two ways 1. Because Scripture hath revealed abundantly God's purpose to the contrary namely to save some men but not all The proofs whereof are so numerous that I need not quote any 2. Because if Christ died for all men with an intention and purpose to save all then either all shall be saved which is contradicted by a hundred places of Scripture or else Christ's purpose may be altered But his purpose cannot be altered or disappointed and therefore he died not for all with a purpose to save all That his purpose cannot be altered I prove both because he can neither alter it himself nor can any other alter it That he cannot alter it himself is oft taught in Scripture Mal. 3.6 I am the Lord I change not Jam. 1.17 With him is no variablenesse neither shadow of turning Neither can any other alter it for his purpose is immutable and his will irresistible Isa 46.10 My counsel shall stand and I will do all my pleasure And 43.13 I will work and who shall let it And Rom. 9.19 Who hath resisted his will Thus then from the premises already sufficiently proved I conclude and determine the controversie thus That Christ died for all the men in the world in these two senses First As paying by his death a sufficient ransome for the sins of them all which the Scripture calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a price of redemption several times Secondly That he died for them all upon condition of their faith and obedience but died not for all men with purpose to bring all actually to salvation And so the old distinction of Christ's dying for all men either sufficientur or efficaciter sufficiently or effectually as it may be understood and applied stands still upon its basis and feet and challengeth all the desertors and rejecters of it to frame a more fit and proper distinction between Christ's dying for all men and his dying for his Church Seeing a distinction between them is to be made as hath been already declared by testimony of Scripture The third Controversie which is of all other the most difficult and knotty WHether an unregenerate man hath power to repent and believe and so be saved if he will Mr. Haggar answers hereto in the affirmative in Page the 25. of his fore-mentioned discourse I answer to it in the negative denying that a natural man hath power to repent and believe by the energy or strength of his own free-will but needs the help of the special preventing grace of God ere he can be converted or he cannot convert himself For the fuller opening and enodation of this controversie and because therein I have more learned adverseries to deal with then Anabaptists I will first speak out what the will of an unregenerate man is able to do towards his conversion without the help of God's special efficacious grace or preventing grace as the learned call it And then secondly How far it cooperates with God's grace in his conversion About the first notice is to be taken of a threefold liberty of Will namely The liberty of Nature the liberty of Grace and the liberty of Glory Of which though these two last we lost by Adam's fall yet the first was not lost but remains still so as by vertue thereof the Will hath liberty to will or nill without compulsion or constraint and that not only in natural and civil actions but also in moral and ecclesiastical In moral actions to practise virtue as Justice Temperance Liberality c. And so to do some things commanded in God's Law as both experience shews and Paul testifies Rom. 2.14 where be saith That the Gentiles did by nature the things contained in the Law In Ecclesiastical actions an unregenerate man hath liberty also namely to perform the duties of God's worship and service for the outward act as to come to Church hear and read the word of God pray partake of the Sacraments do works of charity and confer about Religion and the doctrine of faith as common experience shews all which are good preparatives to and ofttimes efficacious means of regeneration and conversion Yet must this liberty of Will about all these actions either
of doing them or leaving them undone be understood with this caution so far forth as God shall be pleased to afford both the concurrence of his general and divine providence which enableth all creatures to motion and action and the concurrence of his common restraining grace which in some measure more or lesse he affordeth promiscuously to all sorts of men both regenerate and unregenerate Thus far an unregenerate man is able to move and bend himself toward the work of his conversion by the natural liberty of his will About the second namely How far forth mans will coâ—perates with God in his couversion I will first rehearse the Adversaries assertion amongst which the Papists are chief and leaders to the rest and then the assertion of the Reformed Churches The Papists say That the will of man before regeneration can by the help of the exciting grace of God though not without it as Pelugius said will its own conversion and either accept or reject God's grace of internal vocation and so cooperates with the grace of God in the first act of conversion So teacheth the Councel of Trent and Bellarmine in his book de gratia libero Arbitr lib. 6. cap. 15. This opinion the Reformed Churches disrellish and reject as dissenting from holy Scripture and assert the point thus That the will of man is a meer patient and not agent at all in the first act of conversion and God's grace is the sole efficient cause thereof and the will but subjectum recipiens the subject receiving the grace of conversion But in all other good acts following the first mans will so renewed cooperates with the grace of God And this was the learned S. Augustine his assertion as it 's expressed in the 17. chap. of his book de gratia libero arbit in these words Vt velimus Deus sine nobis operatur quum autem volumus sic volumus ut faciamus nobiscum cooperatur To will God works without us but when we do will and so will that we act God co-works with us That this latter assertion is the truth I shall make it appear by these three Arguments The first Argument AS is a dead man in his Revivification or Restauration to life so is a natural man to his Regeneration or Conversion which is his Restauration to spiritual life But a dead-man can be no cause of his own Revivification or Restauration to life And therefore a natural man can be no cause of his Regeneration or Restauration to spiritual life The assumption no man that hath reason can deny for there is an impossibility that a dead man should cooperate to his own Revivification The major or first Proposition is justified by those many Texts of Scripture where it 's affirmed of men unregenerate that they are dead in sin as Luke 9.60 Let the dead bury their dead id est The dead in sin their bodily dead And Luke 15.24 This my Son was dead id est in sin And Ephes 2.1 You hath he quickned who were dead in trespasses and sins And Col. 2.13 And you being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh hath he quickned together with him having forgiven you all trespasses And this very argument though not in the same words yet to the same purpose and effect Bellarmine useth against the Pelagians in his Lib. 6. cap. 5. De gratta Libero Arb. adding only this clause to the Assumption That a dead man neither doth nor can dispose himself to life unlesse he receives some vital power from him that revives him which it appears he therefore added lest the argument should reflect and so be retorted upon himself who afterwards in the 10. Chapter of the same book attributes power to mans will to work with God in his first conversion the will being but first aided and excited by the preventing grace of God by which he means as it 's there very evident a grace preceding the work of conversion But that the argument which he there useth against Pelagius doth confute himself in that the clause which he hath added to the Assumption doth not turn away the edge of the argument from himself I make it plain thus A dead man can receive no vital power from him that revives him till he have first received soul and life because there can be no vital power but in a living subject it being a proper adjunct of a living subject quarto modo If then he must receive soul and life before he can have any vital power then cannot his vital power cooperate to his revivification but must of necessity be a consequent and an effect of his enlivening And so in like manner the case is the same with a man spiritually dead He must first be revived by God before he can have any vital power in him to work with the grace of God and therefore can be no cause at all of his revivification and conversion in respect of the first act thereof The second Argument IF all the powers of mans soul be so depraved that even the chiefest of them namely his Wisedom a power consisting both in the understanding and will be opposite to the Will of God and the Law of God and so opposite that it cannot be made conformable and subject to the Law of God while it is the wisedom of the flesh that is till it be renewed and changed from fleshly wisedom to spiritual wisedom then can there be no power in mans will whereby to co-work with God in the first act of his conversion But all the power and faculties of mans soul are depraved c. Therefore there can be no power in mans Will to co-work with God in the first act of his Conversion The consequent in the first Proposition is clear to any intelligent person for if the wisedom of the flesh which leads and guides the Will cannot conform and be subject to the Law of God while it is the wisedom of the flesh then cannot the will which is guided by it cooperate with the will of God while it is the will of the flesh and therefore by undeniable consequence must be renewed before it can cooperate with his will And the Assumption is the expresse affirmation of Scripture Gen. 6.5 Every imagination of the thoughts of mans heart is only evill continually And Rom. 8.7 The wisedom of the flesh is enmity against God for it is not subject unto the Law of God neither indeed can be The third Argument MY third Argument shall be the quotation of those many Texts of Scripture where the co-operation of mans Will with God's Grace in the first work of regeneration is clearly excluded and the work attributed to God alone For brevitie sake I will quote but some of the clearest and most convincing proofs and omit the rest which are very numerous John 1.13 The Spirit of God speaking there of regenerate persons affirmeth that they are born not of bloud nor of