like_a betwixt_o melvil_n and_o drummond_n dury_n 3._o july_n 1634._o and_o late_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o executor_n of_o williami_n schaw_n factor_n at_o london_n die_v there_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o nuncupative_a testament_n confirm_v in_o england_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n which_o admit_v of_o none_o such_o be_v null_n and_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n prefer_v to_o the_o executor_n and_o universal_a legatar_n name_v there_o january_n the_o 19_o 1665._o schaw_n contra_fw-la lewens_n but_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n or_o subscription_n the_o law_n of_o the_o place_n regulate_v dury_n 11._o decemb._n 1627._o falconer_n contra_fw-la the_o heir_n of_o beatty_n and_o the_o 27._o july_n 1623._o gordoun_n contra_fw-la morley_n 15._o feb._n 1630._o harper_n contra_fw-la jaffray_n so_o a_o bond_n by_o a_o english_a man_n to_o a_o scottish_a man_n reside_v there_o be_v after_o the_o style_n of_o england_n payment_n thereof_o be_v find_v probable_a by_o witness_n and_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la against_o the_o assignay_n 28._o june_n 1666._o mcmorlan_n contra_fw-la melvil_n yet_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o scottish_a man_n to_o a_o english_a man_n in_o england_n find_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n and_o not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n be_v after_o the_o style_n of_o scotland_n and_o registrable_a in_o scotland_n decemb._n 8._o 1664._o scot_n contra_fw-la henderson_n and_o wilson_n but_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o we_o probable_a by_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o judge_n there_o january_n 18._o 1676._o cunningham_n contra_fw-la brown_n the_o law_n of_o scotland_n as_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n at_o first_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o equum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la equity_n and_o expediency_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o any_o nation_n at_o their_o first_o association_n and_o own_n of_o a_o government_n do_v appoint_v positive_a law_n nor_o can_v they_o have_v custom_n anterior_a to_o their_o constitution_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v necessary_o employ_v that_o they_o must_v submit_v to_o and_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o law_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v no_o other_o than_o what_o their_o sovereign_a authority_n shall_v find_v just_a and_o convenient_a it_o may_v be_v some_o city_n at_o their_o first_o constitution_n may_v have_v enact_v law_n but_o it_o can_v be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o record_n of_o antiquity_n that_o ever_o any_o nation_n or_o country_n do_v so_o whatsoever_o be_v say_v of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o the_o french_a which_o they_o hold_v so_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a it_o be_v either_o fictious_a or_o long_a posterior_n to_o their_o constitution_n into_o a_o nation_n and_o therefore_o as_o in_o arbitriment_n party_n be_v understand_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o arbiter_n secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la so_o nation_n of_o old_a submit_v to_o their_o prince_n choose_v rather_o to_o refer_v their_o interest_n and_o difference_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o their_o sovereign_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v a_o judge_n to_o himself_o and_o shall_v take_v and_o hold_v by_o force_n what_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v his_o right_n without_o any_o superior_a judge_n than_o himself_o to_o appeal_v to_o and_o thereby_o live_v in_o perpetual_a war_n whence_o government_n necessary_o imply_v in_o the_o very_o be_v thereof_o a_o yield_a and_o submit_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n in_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o people_n though_o one_o or_o either_o party_n shall_v conceive_v themselves_o injure_v that_o thereby_o private_a opinion_n may_v give_v place_n to_o public_a authority_n although_o they_o have_v natural_a power_n sufficient_a to_o withstand_v the_o same_o otherways_o they_o behoove_v to_o dissolve_v authority_n and_o society_n and_o return_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o their_o private_a judgement_n and_o their_o natural_a force_n from_o which_o they_o do_v fly_v unto_o the_o sanctuary_n of_o government_n which_o though_o it_o may_v sometime_o err_v yet_o can_v be_v nothing_o like_o to_o these_o continual_a error_n when_o every_o one_o own_v himself_o as_o sovereign_a judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n next_o unto_o equity_n nation_n be_v rule_v by_o consuetude_n which_o declare_v equity_n and_o constitute_v expediency_n in_o the_o three_o place_n positive_a law_n of_o sovereign_n become_v to_o be_v accustom_v custom_n always_o continue_v and_o proceed_v so_o that_o every_o nation_n under_o the_o name_n of_o law_n understand_v their_o ancient_a and_o uncontroverted_a custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n or_o their_o first_o and_o fundamental_a law_n so_o the_o roman_n account_v their_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n and_o when_o they_o do_v express_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la they_o mean_v it_o to_o be_v such_o by_o that_o ancient_a law_n in_o opposition_n to_o their_o recent_a custom_n introduce_v by_o their_o praetor_n and_o constitution_n of_o their_o people_n senate_n and_o prince_n the_o english_a also_o by_o their_o common_a law_n in_o opposition_n to_o statute_n and_o recent_a custom_n mean_v their_o ancient_a and_o unquestionable_a custom_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o be_v rule_v in_o the_o first_o place_n by_o our_o ancient_n and_o immemorial_n custom_n which_o may_v be_v call_v our_o common_a law_n though_o sometime_o by_o that_o name_n be_v understand_v equity_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n or_o the_o civil_a roman_a law_n which_o in_o some_o fort_n be_v common_a to_o very_a many_o by_o this_o law_n be_v our_o primogenitur_fw-la and_o all_o degree_n of_o succession_n our_o legittime_n portion_n of_o child_n communion_n of_o good_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o the_o division_n thereof_o at_o their_o death_n the_o succession_n of_o the_o near_a agnat_n the_o terce_n of_o relic_n the_o life-rent_a of_o husband_n by_o the_o courtesy_n the_o exclusion_n of_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n which_o be_v anterior_a to_o any_o statute_n and_o not_o comprehend_v in_o any_o as_o be_v more_o solemn_a and_o sure_a than_o these_o in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v our_o statute_n or_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o this_o be_v inferior_a to_o our_o ancient_a law_n that_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o defuetude_n which_o never_o incroach_v on_o the_o other_o in_o this_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o english_a who_o statute_n of_o parliament_n of_o whatsoever_o antiquity_n remain_v ever_o in_o force_n till_o they_o be_v repeal_v which_o occasion_n to_o they_o many_o sad_a debate_n public_a and_o private_a upon_o old_a forget_a statute_n but_o with_o we_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v by_o their_o institution_n authorize_v with_o power_n to_o make_v rule_n and_o statute_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o proceed_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n par._n 1537._o cap._n 43._o par._n 1540_o cap_n 93._o their_o decision_n be_v final_a and_o irrevocable_a when_o solenm_o do_v in_o foro_fw-la contradictorio_fw-la and_o thereby_o recent_a custom_n or_o practic_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o their_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o decision_n which_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o interpretation_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o the_o derogation_n thereof_o especial_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v special_o commit_v to_o they_o whereby_o all_o the_o old_a act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o form_n of_o process_n be_v in_o desuetude_n and_o in_o several_a point_n more_o recent_a statute_n for_o instance_n albeit_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o cap._n 81._o reduction_n of_o infeftment_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v sustain_v by_o exception_n or_o reply_n yet_o the_o lord_n see_v that_o this_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o necessary_a and_o ordinar_n form_n of_o process_n whereby_o right_n can_v be_v annul_v or_o reduce_v till_o the_o party_n and_o their_o author_n be_v call_v that_o the_o same_o maybe_o first_o produce_v therefore_o they_o do_v not_o take_v away_o infeftment_n by_o exception_n or_o reply_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o say_a statute_n but_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n to_o be_v make_v betwixt_o a_o custom_n by_o frequent_a decision_n and_o a_o simple_a decision_n which_o have_v not_o like_a force_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v invest_v with_o many_o circumstance_n of_o fact_n but_o such_o be_v more_o effectual_a if_o they_o be_v in_o any_o abstract_n point_n of_o law_n yet_o frequent_a agree_v decision_n be_v more_o effectual_a than_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la themselves_o which_o do_v easy_o go_v into_o desuetude_n where_o our_o ancient_a law_n statute_n and_o our_o recent_a custom_n and_o practic_n be_v defective_a recourse_n be_v have_v to_o equity_n as_o the_o first_o and_o universal_a law_n and_o to_o expediency_n whereby_o law_n be_v draw_v in_o consequence_n ad_fw-la simile_n casus_fw-la but_o if_o it_o
custom_n rule_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o feudal-book_n the_o doubt_n remain_v which_o may_v be_v clear_v thus_o first_o though_o in_o some_o case_n alienation_n be_v extend_v to_o location_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o the_o common_a feudal_a custom_n second_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v a_o real_a feu-ferm_a whereby_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v considerable_a and_o competent_a to_o entertain_v the_o vassal_n such_o subfeudation_a be_v thereby_o account_v only_a lacation_n nor_o do_v it_o infer_v recognition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o a_o perpetual_a location_n whereby_o the_o antinomy_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v sufficient_o reconcile_v that_o such_o sub-feudations_a be_v not_o alienation_n but_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n or_o though_o it_o be_v under_o the_o name_n of_o emphyteosis_n yet_o for_o a_o elusory_a or_o a_o inconsiderable_a and_o unproportionable_a feu-duty_n which_o by_o no_o estimation_n can_v be_v correspodent_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o within_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a worth_n in_o these_o case_n the_o subfeudation_a be_v alienation_n infer_v recognition_n 14._o as_o to_o our_o own_o custom_n in_o this_o point_n they_o do_v agree_v to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o in_o mortification_n or_o elusory_a or_o unprofitable_a feus_n but_o as_o to_o feve_n by_o which_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o fee_n be_v not_o take_v away_o though_o such_o case_n have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v controvert_v they_o seem_v not_o to_o infer_v recognition_n for_o if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v subaltern_n infeudation_n though_o blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n infer_v not_o recognition_n when_o these_o right_n be_v disjunctim_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o subfeudation_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a rent_n whereby_o in_o effect_n the_o half_a be_v not_o alienate_v see_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o half_a be_v retain_v shall_v infer_v recognition_n especial_o now_o when_o general_o fee_n be_v grant_v for_o cause_n onerous_a 15._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n allow_v feve_n par._n 1457._o cap._n 72._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o feu_fw-fr be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n which_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v clear_v to_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a and_o which_o be_v common_o interpret_v the_o retoure_n duty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o public_a valuation_n and_o rate_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n such_o feve_n be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n as_o not_o be_v consequent_a upon_o such_o feve_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v abrogate_v as_o to_o the_o liege_n par._n 18._o ja._n 6._o cap._n 12._o all_o sub-feves_a of_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o subject_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o recognition_n to_o be_v incur_v thereby_o and_o feve_n be_v only_o prohibit_v as_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o over-lord_n who_o be_v not_o prejudge_v if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v see_v all_o subaltern_n infeftment_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a be_v allow_v by_o law_n and_o albeit_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n respect_n feve_v precede_v it_o yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v only_o as_o to_o feve_v grant_v thereafter_o and_o the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o act_n as_o to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o vassal_n exempt_v therefrom_o in_o the_o interim_n par._n 1640._o cap._n 36._o and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v whole_o repeal_v par._n 1641._o cap._n 58._o and_o so_o remain_v until_o all_o these_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v see_v the_o private_a right_n of_o party_n acquire_v thereby_o by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o alienation_n during_o these_o act_n now_o rescind_v and_o during_o the_o usurpation_n when_o ward_n be_v discharge_v do_v infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o vassal_n do_v not_o seek_v confirmation_n after_o the_o king_n return_n december_n 15._o 1669._o maitland_n of_o pittrichy_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o gight_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o recognition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sir_n george_n kinard_n contra_fw-la the_o vassal_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n the_o like_a though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n infer_v recognitien_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o when_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n then_o stand_v allow_v such_o infeftment_n see_v after_o rescind_v that_o statute_n no_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n for_o confirmation_n january_n 7._o 1676._o cockburn_n of_o riselaw_n conira_fw-la cockburn_n of_o chouslie_o but_o recognition_n be_v exclude_v where_o the_o vassal_n require_v the_o superior_a to_o confirm_v the_o subaltern_a right_n debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la or_o do_v purge_v the_o same_o by_o procure_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o himself_o from_o the_o sub-vassal_n february_n 12._o 1674._o viscount_n of_o kilsyth_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o bardowie_a but_o recognition_n be_v not_o find_v against_o a_o pupil_n upon_o his_o tutor_n take_v infeftment_n for_o he_o during_o the_o usurpation_n july_n 15._o 1669._o jack_n contra_fw-la jack_n whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o feve_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n more_o than_o tack_n 16._o whether_o the_o alienation_n be_v by_o infeftment_n hold_v from_o or_o of_o the_o vassal_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n with_o we_o except_o in_o ward-holdings_a yea_o if_o the_o hold_v be_v dubious_a and_o soa_o probable_a ground_n of_o error_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v a_o payment_n of_o money_n in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la with_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a which_o though_o true_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n may_v render_v it_o dubious_a craig_n hold_v in_o the_o say_v dieg._n l._n 3._o that_o it_o will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o give_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n taxt-ward_n will_v excuse_v from_o recognition_n because_o ward_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o express_v nominatim_fw-la in_o that_o case_n in_o itself_o for_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o marriage_n and_o ward-duty_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o a_o liquidation_n or_o location_n of_o these_o casualty_n when_o they_o occur_v and_o no_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o lady_n carnagie_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n cranburn_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o recognition_n that_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v 17._o it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o alienation_n whether_o by_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o or_o from_o the_o vassal_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n infer_v not_o recognition_n so_o much_o be_v indulge_v to_o the_o vassal_n for_o his_o conveniency_n or_o necessity_n but_o if_o together_o or_o by_o parcel_n or_o by_o annualrent_a the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la not_o only_o that_o which_o then_o be_v in_o the_o vassal_n person_n fall_v under_o recognition_n but_o as_o craig_n hold_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n dieg._n 3._o l._n 3._o even_o the_o whole_a fee_n so_o that_o parcel_n alienat_fw-la valid_o but_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_v before_o become_v void_a and_o return_v but_o though_o the_o vassal_n grant_v infeftment_n exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n yet_o if_o some_o of_o they_o be_v extinct_a before_o other_o be_v grant_v so_o that_o there_o be_v at_o no_o time_n right_n stand_v together_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o see_v recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o muirie_n but_o deed_n do_v by_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n or_o author_n and_o their_o successor_n be_v in_o that_o case_n conjoin_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o infeftment_n of_o the_o see_v in_o liferent_a will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n because_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o value_n yea_o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o incur_v by_o grant_v a_o infeftment_n in_o warrandice_n for_o warrandice_n be_v but_o a_o hazard_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v in_o warrandice_n unless_o the_o right_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v manifeft_o defective_a feb._n 21._o 1623._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la
tutor_n testamentar_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o testament_n that_o he_o be_v only_o overseer_n june_n 10._o 1665._o swintoun_n contra_fw-la notman_n but_o a_o write_v under_o the_o tutor_n hand_n design_v he_o tutor_n find_v to_o instruct_v unless_o the_o contrair_n be_v prove_v by_o production_n of_o the_o tutory_a december_n 2._o 1668._o mr._n alexander_n seatoun_n advocate_n contra_fw-la seatoun_n of_o menzies_n and_o a_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la with_o other_o two_o who_o accept_v not_o be_v only_o find_v liable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o acceptance_n by_o act_v as_o tutor_n and_o not_o for_o what_o be_v lose_v before_o although_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a legacy_n leave_v to_o he_o in_o the_o testament_n and_o that_o short_o after_o the_o defunct_n death_n he_o confirm_v himself_o qua_fw-la legatar_n and_o have_v inspection_n of_o the_o defunct_n write_v and_o subscribe_v a_o inventar_n thereof_o whereof_o the_o testament_n be_v one_o yet_o do_v not_o act_v as_o tutor_n for_o three_o year_n after_o but_o he_o be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o the_o legacy_n not_o have_v follow_v the_o defunct_n will_v by_o accept_v the_o tutory_a at_o first_o february_n 2._o 1675._o margaret_n scrimzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la wedderburn_n of_o kingennie_n but_o where_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o tutor_n nominate_v appear_v otherways_o than_o when_o he_o be_v nominate_v action_n be_v find_v sustainable_a at_o the_o pupil_n goodsir_n instance_n to_o cause_v he_o find_v caution_n if_o the_o overseer_n think_v fit_a nic._n rem_fw-la pupuli_fw-la saluam_fw-la fore_fw-la thomas_n foules_n contra_fw-la alexander_n mcmath_n neither_o need_v there_o any_o make_n of_o a_o inventar_n of_o the_o pupil_n good_n as_o be_v prescribe_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n nou._n 72._o l._n ult_n authen_n quod_fw-la nunc_fw-la generale_fw-mi l._n the_o curate_n furiosi_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o all_o tutor_n do_v make_v faith_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la administratione_fw-la they_o behoove_v also_o to_o find_v caution_n l._n tutores_fw-la 24._o c._n the_o administratione_n tut_o and_o they_o behoove_v to_o make_v inventar_n l._n 7._o tutor_n qui_fw-la 7._o ff_n de_fw-fr administratione_fw-la tut_o l._n tutores_fw-la c._n eodem_fw-la but_o now_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1672._o cap._n 2._o all_o tutor_n ere_o they_o can_v act_v must_v make_v inventar_n of_o the_o pupil_n mean_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n on_o both_o side_n and_o deliver_v to_o they_o double_v sign_v or_o in_o their_o absence_n leave_v they_o with_o the_o clerk_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o order_n prescribe_v in_o the_o act._n 8._o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n be_v ever_o prefer_v to_o a_o tutor_n of_o law_n or_o dative_n even_o though_o the_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la forbear_v to_o act_v for_o seven_o year_n and_o that_o a_o tutor_n dative_n be_v nominate_v and_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n december_n 17._o 1631._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la oliphant_n or_o though_o the_o tutor_n nominate_v have_v cease_v six_o year_n and_o be_v curator_n to_o a_o party_n against_o who_o the_o pupil_n have_v a_o action_n or_o process_n see_v in_o both_o case_n no_o detriment_n can_v be_v show_v by_o his_o forbearance_n july_n 6._o 1627._o campbel_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a where_o the_o tutor_n nominate_v have_v abstain_v seven_o year_n and_o yet_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n here_o the_o pupil_n have_v no_o mean_n to_o be_v administrat_fw-la spot_n de_fw-fr tutel_n irving_n contra_fw-la irving_n if_o there_o be_v no_o tutor_n nominate_v there_o be_v place_n for_o tutor_n of_o law_n who_o ordinary_o be_v these_o who_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o pupil_n estate_n and_o so_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n all_o the_o agnat_n of_o the_o near_a degree_n as_o they_o be_v heir_n so_o be_v they_o also_o tutor_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n l._n 5._o &_o 6._o ff_n de_fw-fr legit_fw-la tut_o and_o so_o after_o the_o succession_n be_v extend_v as_o well_o to_o the_o cognat_n as_o to_o the_o agnat_n with_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o the_o burden_n also_o of_o the_o tutory_a be_v extend_v nou._n 118._o cap._n 5._o and_o with_o we_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n as_o the_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n have_v give_v the_o succession_n not_o to_o the_o whole_a next_o degree_n of_o agnat_n but_o to_o the_o elder_a male_n and_o his_o issue_n so_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n be_v only_o one_o viz._n the_o near_a agnat_n or_o kinsman_n on_o the_o father_n side_n of_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n par._n 1474._o cap._n 51._o where_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v that_o though_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n be_v ordinary_o heir_n yet_o not_o always_o for_o though_o the_o pupil_n have_v a_o young_a brother_n who_o be_v immediate_a agnat_n yet_o the_o near_a agnat_n of_o twenty_o five_o year_n old_a will_v be_v his_o tutor_n pass_v by_o all_o other_o within_o that_o age_n 9_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n be_v serude_v upon_o a_o brief_a direct_v out_o of_o the_o chancellary_n by_o a_o inquest_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o brief_a may_v be_v direct_v to_o and_o serve_v by_o any_o judge_n ordinar_n though_o the_o pupil_n live_v not_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n march_v 8._o 1636._o william_n stuart_n contra_fw-la agnes_n henderson_n tutor_n of_o law_n before_o they_o act_n must_v find_v caution_n rem_fw-la pupuli_fw-la saluam_fw-la fore_fw-la which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o find_v caution_n or_o exclude_v they_o from_o authorise_v or_o act_v for_o the_o pupil_n till_o they_o find_v caution_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o annul_v their_o office_n or_o prefer_v a_o dative_n to_o they_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v caution_n though_o the_o dative_n have_v already_o find_v caution_n june_n 29._o 1632._o irwing_fw-mi contra_fw-la elsick_n 10._o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n must_v serve_v himself_o within_o year_n and_o day_n from_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v tutor_n either_o count_v from_o the_o defunct_n death_n or_o from_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o pupil_n if_o posthumus_fw-la or_o the_o cease_n of_o a_o just_a impediment_n so_o that_o after_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o tutrix_fw-la testamentar_n place_n be_v find_v for_o a_o year_n for_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n to_o serve_v himself_o before_o a_o dative_n have_v access_n july_n 15._o 1631._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_n but_o there_o seem_v no_o prefix_a time_n to_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n to_o serve_v himself_o to_o the_o tutory_a of_o a_o idiot_n and_o therefore_o the_o near_a agnat_n as_o lawful_a tutor_n be_v prefer_v to_o a_o tutor_n dative_n though_o he_o have_v make_v faith_n and_o find_v caution_n and_o though_o the_o service_n be_v not_o till_o five_o year_n after_o the_o idiot_n majority_n february_n 22._o 1628._o calquhun_v contra_fw-la wardrop_n it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o a_o tutory_a dative_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o service_n of_o a_o tutor_n of_o law_n to_o a_o idiot_n quandocunque_fw-la january_n 21._o 1663._o stuart_n contra_fw-la spreul_n because_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1585._o tutor_n to_o idiot_n must_v beserve_v by_o a_o inquest_n cognosce_v the_o idiotry_n par._n 1475._o cap._n 66._o par._n 1585._o cap._n 18._o 11._o where_o there_o be_v no_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la nor_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n claim_v right_a within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v place_n for_o a_o tutor_n dative_n which_o though_o by_o diverse_a municipal_a custom_n may_v be_v constitute_v by_o the_o ordinar_n magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o be_v most_o fit_o constitute_v by_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n and_o so_o with_o we_o be_v give_v by_o the_o king_n in_o exchequer_n and_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o exchequer_n 1672._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o before_o constitute_v of_o any_o tutor_n dative_n the_o pupil_n near_a friend_n on_o both_o side_n shall_v be_v cite_v that_o they_o may_v offer_v and_o inform_v concern_v the_o fit_a person_n to_o be_v tutor_n tutor_n may_v be_v give_v to_o stranger_n pupil_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n in_o scotland_n december_n 17._o 1627._o fleming_n contra_fw-la brown_n the_o like_a spot_n de_fw-fr tut_o donaldson_n contra_fw-la skiltoun_n in_o the_o nomination_n of_o tutor_n dative_n though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o king_n to_o choice_n who_o he_o think_v fit_a yet_o he_o will_v have_v regard_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o pupil_n to_o give_v a_o tutor_n either_o who_o be_v nominat_fw-la by_o the_o father_n but_o not_o legal_o or_o who_o be_v nominat_fw-la by_o the_o mother_n or_o grandmother_n though_o have_v no_o legal_a power_n or_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n though_o they_o have_v neglect_v to_o serve_v within_o the_o year_n
dative_n who_o ordinary_o seek_v the_o office_n and_o offer_v themselves_o both_o the_o diligence_n accustom_v by_o provident_a man_n and_o such_o as_o they_o use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n may_v be_v just_o require_v by_o the_o law_n all_o tutor_n be_v liable_a pro_fw-la dolo_fw-la culpa_fw-la &_o negligentia_fw-la l._n 33._o de_fw-la administratione_fw-la &_o periculo_fw-la tutorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n 22._o that_o tutor_n be_v liable_a not_o only_o for_o what_o they_o do_v intromet_n but_o what_o they_o may_v have_v intromet_v with_o by_o diligence_n and_o particular_o of_o rent_n of_o the_o pupil_n land_n wherein_o his_o predecessor_n die_v infeft_v and_o in_o possession_n though_o the_o pupil_n himself_o be_v not_o infeft_v be_v find_v january_n 26._o 1628._o commissar_n of_o dunkel_n contra_fw-la abercromby_n yet_o a_o tutrix_n find_v only_o liable_a for_o her_o intromission_n in_o respect_n she_o continue_v but_o some_o month_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o minor_n good_n be_v be_v infect_v with_o the_o plague_n hope_v de_fw-fr tutoribus_fw-la william_n contra_fw-la allan_n cathcart_n neither_o be_v a_o tutor_n find_v liable_a for_o a_o sum_n due_a to_o the_o pupil_n as_o not_o do_v diligence_n by_o horning_n and_o caption_n for_o uplift_v thereof_o unless_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o by_o diligence_n he_o may_v have_v recover_v it_o and_o that_o the_o debtor_n be_v become_v worse_o july_n 2._o 1628._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n the_o like_a where_o the_o tutor_n offer_v to_o prove_v by_o the_o neighbourhead_n that_o the_o debtor_n during_o his_o tutory_a be_v repute_n and_o hold_v insolvent_a february_n 6._o 1623._o watson_n contra_fw-la watson_n 23._o contutor_n both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o so_o some_o of_o they_o be_v decern_v for_o the_o whole_a though_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o convene_v february_n 22._o 1634._o davidson_n contra_fw-la jack_n they_o be_v also_o find_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la though_o they_o have_v divide_v the_o tutory_a among_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o testatour_n or_o a_o judge_n the_o tutor_n be_v only_o liable_a for_o their_o share_n and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n unless_o they_o have_v by_o fraud_n and_o supine_n negligence_n omit_v to_o pursue_v the_o other_o suspect_v tutor_n to_o be_v remove_v l._n 2._o cod._n de_fw-fr dividenda_fw-la tutela_fw-la the_o benefit_n of_o the_o order_n of_o discuss_v competent_a of_o the_o law_n whereby_o the_o tutor_n who_o do_v administrate_n be_v only_o liable_a for_o their_o part_n primo_fw-la loco_fw-la if_o the_o rest_n be_v solvendo_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr dividenda_fw-la tutela_fw-la and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v first_o discuss_v who_o have_v administrate_n and_o intromet_v before_o they_o who_o have_v neglect_v or_o forbear_v ibid._n these_o our_o custom_n follow_v not_o yet_o a_o tutor_n be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o cause_v the_o contutor_n find_v caution_n to_o warrant_v he_o for_o their_o act_n without_o he_o or_o against_o his_o mind_n where_o they_o do_v out-vote_n he_o or_o else_o to_o quite_o the_o tutory_a but_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o ordinary_a course_n to_o remove_v they_o if_o they_o malverse_v june_n 27._o 1672._o mr._n james_n stirling_n contra_fw-la his_o contutor_n tutory_a be_v finish_v first_o by_o death_n either_o of_o tutor_n or_o pupil_n second_o by_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o tutrix_fw-la testamentar_n which_o no_o provision_n even_o of_o the_o testator_n can_v dispense_v with_o three_o by_o the_o tutor_n renounce_v the_o office_n after_o which_o though_o he_o be_v tutor_n testamentar_n he_o can_v resume_v the_o office_n july_n 6._o 1627._o campbel_n contra_fw-la campbel_n but_o forbearance_n for_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n do_v not_o extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n by_o the_o former_a decision_n the_o like_a december_n 17._o 1631._o auchterlonie_n contra_fw-la oliphant_n four_o by_o fury_n lethargy_n or_o any_o natural_a defect_n of_o the_o tutor_n render_v he_o unable_a to_o exercise_v his_o office_n five_o and_o most_o ordinary_o by_o the_o pupil_n run_v his_o pupilarity_n which_o in_o man_n be_v fourteen_o year_n and_o in_o woman_n twelve_o but_o if_o the_o tutor_n continue_v to_o act_v till_o majority_n they_o be_v liable_a as_o curator_n yet_o the_o express_a appointment_n of_o the_o defunct_a that_o the_o tutor_n continue_v curator_n can_v extend_v the_o tutory_a after_o pupilarity_n or_o hinder_v election_n of_o curator_n february_n 6._o 1633._o harper_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n tutor_n or_o curator_n appoint_v to_o furious_a person_n their_o office_n cease_v when_o the_o fury_n full_o cease_v for_o though_o they_o have_v lucide_v interval_n in_o which_o act_v do_v by_o they_o without_o their_o tutor_n be_v valide_fw-la yet_o their_o tutory_a cease_v not_o as_o to_o the_o act_n do_v in_o their_o furiosity_n 25._o the_o tutory_a appoint_v to_o idiot_n and_o furious_a person_n be_v prescribe_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1585._o cap._n 18._o whereby_o the_o near_a agnat_n or_o kinsman_n of_o natural_a fool_n idiot_n or_o furious_a person_n shall_v be_v serve_v receive_v and_o prefer_v to_o their_o tutory_a and_o curatory_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n where_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v understand_v and_o though_o the_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o hold_v out_o tutor_n of_o law_n where_o any_o be_v serve_v yet_o see_v it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o exclude_v not_o tutor_n testamentar_n during_o such_o person_n pupilarity_n nor_o tutor_n dative_n if_o the_o near_a agnat_n serve_v not_o but_o ordinary_o the_o tutor_n of_o idiot_n be_v the_o tutor_n of_o law_n this_o act_n by_o custom_n be_v extend_v to_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a person_n though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v who_o have_v tutor_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n albeit_o they_o have_v sufficient_a judgement_n since_o they_o can_v act_v by_o it_o 26._o when_o tutory_a be_v end_v whatsoever_o the_o tutor_n act_v in_o name_n of_o the_o pupil_n the_o pupil_n have_v thereupon_o action_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v by_o himself_o l._n 2._o ff_n quando_fw-la ex_fw-la facto_fw-la tutaris_fw-la so_o whatever_o be_v decern_v against_o the_o tutor_n hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la cease_v when_o the_o tutory_a be_v end_v l._n fin_n c._n de_fw-fr per._n tut_o and_o the_o action_n be_v competent_a against_o the_o pupil_n as_o likewise_o if_o the_o pupil_n be_v advantage_v by_o the_o fraud_n of_o the_o tutor_n he_o may_v be_v therefore_o convene_v l._n 3._o ff_n quando_fw-la ex_fw-la facto_fw-la tutoris_fw-la 27._o last_o tutory_a cease_v by_o the_o action_n of_o remove_v suspect_n tutor_n which_o be_v a_o popular_a action_n competent_a to_o any_o l._n 1._o §_o 6._o ff_n 3._o inst._n the_o susp_n tut_o but_o ordinary_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o overseer_n mother_n or_o friend_n of_o the_o pupil_n or_o by_o the_o other_o tutor_n the_o ground_n thereof_o be_v not_o only_o his_o malversation_n and_o it_o be_v find_v a_o malversation_n that_o the_o tutor_n have_v not_o make_v inventar_n conform_v to_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n july_n 7._o 1680._o mr._n alexander_n gibson_n contra_fw-la lord_n dunkel_n and_o sir_n james_n thomson_n but_o any_o thing_n incident_a or_o appear_v to_o weaken_v his_o trust_n as_o if_o he_o become_v insolvent_a or_o his_o cautioner_n become_v such_o after_o tutory_a be_v end_v the_o tutor_n have_v no_o action_n against_o his_o pupil_n ante_fw-la redditas_fw-la rationes_fw-la till_o he_o make_v his_o account_n july_n 24._o 1662._o mr._n james_n cranstoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o wintoun_n neither_o have_v the_o tutor_n assignay_n action_n against_o the_o pupil_n before_o the_o tutor_n compts_n be_v make_v albeit_o assign_v to_o a_o liquid_a sum_n unless_o the_o assignay_n have_v find_v caution_n for_o the_o tutor_n january_n 24._o 1662._o mr._n james_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o wintoun_n neither_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n have_v the_o tutor_n assignay_v action_n against_o the_o pupil_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n though_o it_o be_v ten_o year_n since_o the_o pupilarity_n past_a july_n 7._o 1676._o spence_n contra_fw-la scot._n but_o a_o tutor_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o the_o service_n he_o get_v of_o the_o pupil_n tenant_n in_o kind_n january_n 11._o 1668._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_n yea_o a_o tutor_n have_v count_v and_o give_v bond_n for_o the_o balance_n be_v charge_v with_o other_o article_n though_o these_o be_v not_o instant_o liquidat_n yet_o the_o extract_v of_o a_o decreet_a upon_o the_o bond_n be_v stop_v for_o a_o time_n till_o the_o additional_a article_n shall_v be_v close_v but_o the_o bond_n be_v not_o reduce_v as_o be_v in_o confinio_fw-la minoris_fw-la aetatis_fw-la &_o anteredditas_fw-la rationes_fw-la december_n 5._o 1671._o mr._n george_n scot_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n elleis_n in_o the_o tutor_n
have_v unwarrantable_o refuse_v to_o enter_v if_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v in_o his_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n for_o possession_n but_o he_o may_v forbear_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o if_o holy_fw-mi long_o out_o without_o further_a diligence_n he_o will_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v relinquish_v his_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o posterior_n right_n and_o diligence_n will_v be_v prefer_v but_o if_o he_o enter_v in_o possession_n no_o posterior_n infeftment_n or_o diligence_n will_v exclude_v he_o although_o he_o insist_v no_o further_o but_o the_o charge_n of_o horning_n and_o it_o have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v determine_v how_o long_o that_o right_n will_v subsist_v without_o infeftment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o superior_a will_v not_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n by_o his_o former_a vassal_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o fault_n in_o refuse_v to_o enter_v when_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n offer_v he_o a_o charter_n with_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o sum_n adjudge_v or_o apprise_v for_o this_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ward_n february_n 9_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n neither_o be_v a_o superior_a find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o exclude_v a_o appryzer_n from_o possession_n till_o he_o pay_v a_o year_n rent_n but_o that_o he_o may_v possess_v during_o the_o legal_a if_o he_o insist_v not_o for_o infeftment_n which_o insinuat_v that_o after_o expyre_v of_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a may_v hinder_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n to_o continue_v in_o possession_n till_o he_o take_v infeftment_n and_o pay_v a_o year_n rend_v but_o during_o the_o legal_a the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n be_v but_o as_o a_o legal_a assignation_n to_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n so_o that_o the_o appryzer_n can_v be_v force_v to_o take_v infeftment_n till_o the_o legal_a expyre_n and_o the_o land_n become_v irredeemable_o his_o own_o and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o year_n rend_v but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v no_o charge_n upon_o the_o apprize_a december_n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o earlestoun_n albeit_o in_o the_o case_n of_o johnstoun_n contra_fw-la the_o tenant_n of_o auchincorse_n july_n 22._o 1665._o the_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v the_o superior_a though_o he_o do_v not_o then_o obey_v yet_o appear_v in_o the_o process_n of_o mail_n and_o duty_n he_o offer_v now_o to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n and_o therefore_o the_o appryzer_n be_v exclude_v till_o he_o pay_v the_o year_n rend_v which_o be_v under_o consideration_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o posterior_n case_n of_o mr._n henry_n hay_o they_o resolve_v to_o give_v the_o apyryzer_n his_o option_n within_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n do_v only_o hinder_v other_o to_o preveen_n but_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o superior_a from_o any_o casuality_n of_o the_o superiority_n fall_v by_o his_o former_a vassal_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v in_o culpa_fw-la refuse_v the_o appryzer_n entry_n insist_v orderly_o to_o be_v enter_v which_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n both_o to_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n not_o to_o have_v the_o accession_n of_o a_o year_n rend_v till_o the_o ancient_a right_n may_v be_v discover_v and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o apprize_a become_v a_o absolute_a right_n the_o main_a division_n of_o infeftment_n be_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o hold_v be_v in_o ward_n blench_v feu_n burgage_n and_o mortification_n 31._o a_o infeftment_n ward_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o ward_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a casuality_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a thereby_o it_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a feudal_n right_o we_o have_v and_o therefore_o wherever_o the_o hold_n appear_v not_o or_o be_v unclear_a there_o ward-holding_a be_v understand_v it_o be_v ordinary_o express_v by_o render_v service_n use_v and_o wont_a and_o if_o the_o reddendo_fw-la be_v not_o express_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr ferm_n though_o it_o bear_v payment_n of_o some_o duty_n yet_o ward_n be_v infer_v as_o by_o a_o charter_n bear_v sex_n dinarios_fw-la nomine_fw-la cana_fw-la with_o a_o tax_v marriage_n so_o also_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o a_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v a_o particular_a duty_n payable_a at_o whitsunday_n and_o martimass_n cum_fw-la servitiis_fw-la in_o curiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la &_o alibi_fw-la debitis_fw-la &_o consuetis_fw-la hope_n de_fw-fr feudi_fw-la renovatione_fw-la williamson_n contra_fw-la thomson_n the_o main_a importance_n of_o a_o ward-holding_a be_v indefinite_a service_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o superior_a and_o especial_o in_o war_n but_o that_o be_v now_o little_a in_o use_n the_o main_a effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 32._o ward_n land_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o proper_a feudal_n right_n may_v not_o be_v alienat_fw-la by_o the_o vassal_n grant_v any_o subaltern_a infeftment_n thereof_o otherways_o not_o only_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n be_v void_a but_o the_o vassal_n grant_a thereof_o his_o own_o infeftment_n become_v void_a by_o recognition_n yet_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o cap._n 72._o all_o feus_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n prelate_n baron_n or_o freeholders_n be_v allow_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o fall_v in_o ward_n as_o be_v but_o heritable_a assedation_n as_o the_o act_n bear_v pay_v to_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n the_o feu-duty_n provide_v the_o land_n be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v ordinary_o interpret_v to_o be_v the_o retoured_a duty_n the_o same_o be_v repeat_v par._n 1503._o cap._n 91._o and_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o subaltern_a infeftment_n feu_n but_o also_o of_o annualrent_n so_o that_o it_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a which_o in_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o secular_a man_n be_v the_o retoured_a mail_n and_o in_o the_o king_n property_n and_o in_o kirk-land_n be_v the_o full_a rental_a they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n which_o therefore_o the_o feus_n may_n not_o diminish_v and_o the_o annualrent_n may_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o exhaust_v the_o land_n that_o the_o rental_a remain_v not_o free_a this_o last_o act_n be_v temporal_a for_o that_o king_n life_n and_o therefore_o the_o extension_n as_o to_o annualrent_n cease_v though_o the_o first_o act_n express_v that_o the_o king_n will_v ratify_v all_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n yet_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o the_o king_n thereby_o will_v give_v good_a example_n to_o the_o rest_n viz._n to_o other_o superior_n and_o therefore_o a_o feu_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o a_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o a_o subject_a before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o be_v find_v valid_a though_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_n june_n 24._o 1668._o stuart_n of_o torrence_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o ernock_n this_o privilege_n be_v take_v away_o as_o to_o all_o superior_n and_o their_o vassal_n except_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n who_o only_o may_v grant_v subaltern_a infeftment_n of_o their_o ward_n land_n par._n 1606._o cap._n 12._o whereby_o all_o such_o subaltern_a infeftment_n of_o their_o ward-land_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n or_o reply_n unless_o the_o superior_n consent_v be_v obtain_v and_o therefore_o the_o superior_n consent_v in_o the_o disposition_n by_o a_o vassal_n to_o a_o sub-vassal_n be_v find_v to_o exclude_v the_o vassal_n ward_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o sub-vassal_n though_o it_o be_v a_o redeemable_a feu_fw-fr july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o greenock_n the_o same_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n who_o be_v thereby_o also_o exclude_v from_o set_v of_o feus_n of_o ward-land_n to_o sub-vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o but_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a privilege_n and_o the_o say_a act_n 1633._o whole_o repeal_v parliament_n 1641._o cap._n 58._o which_o now_o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o yet_o the_o land_n set_v in_o feu_n during_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a act_n now_o repeal_v be_v valid_a so_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n may_v not_o be_v set_v in_o feu_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o superior_n except_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n for_o these_o may_v set_v feus_n for_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o retour_fw-fr par._n 1621._o cap._n 9_o but_o this_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a for_o three_o year_n and_o therefore_o subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o vassal_n if_o of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ward-land_n infer_v recognition_n thereof_o
chapter_n in_o common_a be_v not_o proper_o patronat_n by_o presentation_n but_o by_o nomination_n and_o collation_n yet_o the_o incumbent_n be_v not_o stipendiaries_n but_o enjoy_v these_o kirk_n as_o benefice_n but_o after_o the_o reformation_n when_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n be_v suppress_v these_o common_a kirk_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n and_o to_o be_v confer_v by_o presentation_n of_o the_o lawful_a patron_n and_o collation_n whereby_o they_o become_v then_o patronate_a the_o king_n or_o these_o to_o who_o he_o give_v right_o be_v patron_n but_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 2._o these_o common_a kirk_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o ancient_a condition_n college_n kirk_n be_v benefice_n whereof_o the_o king_n be_v patron_n except_o some_o few_o which_o belong_v to_o subject_n chaplainry_n and_o altarage_n be_v under_o patronage_n of_o the_o founder_n or_o their_o successor_n before_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v but_o few_o inferior_a benefice_n below_o prelacy_n viz._n collegiat_n and_o common_a kirk_n parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n which_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o many_o be_v find_v by_o the_o stint_v roll_n whereby_o eveny_a parsonage_n and_o viccarage_n be_v tax_v apart_o as_o distinct_a benefice_n the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o teind_n of_o scotland_n do_v belong_v to_o prelacy_n such_o as_o bishopric_n and_o abbacy_n and_o all_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o be_v not_o distinct_a benefice_n but_o a_o part_n of_o their_o patrimony_n and_o be_v serve_v by_o themselves_o their_o viccar_n or_o their_o substitute_n without_o any_o fix_a maintenance_n but_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o patronage_n of_o all_o these_o kirk_n and_o the_o ordinar_n provision_n thereof_o be_v the_o viccarage_n or_o small_a teind_v and_o sometime_o vicar_n pension_n out_o of_o the_o parsonage_n teind_n after_o the_o reformation_n all_o monastery_n be_v suppress_v they_o return_v to_o the_o king_n jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o to_o their_o whole_a benefice_n both_o the_o teind_n or_o spitituality_n and_o land_n and_o barony_n or_o other_o temporal_a right_n but_o the_o king_n gift_v the_o most_o part_n of_o these_o benefice_n both_o spirituality_n and_o temporality_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n and_o erect_v the_o same_o in_o temporal_a barony_n and_o lordship_n but_o with_o burden_n of_o competent_a provision_n to_o the_o minister_n of_o all_o the_o kirk_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o say_n great_a benefice_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n come_v in_o place_n of_o these_o monastery_n have_v right_o to_o all_o the_o teind_n of_o the_o kirk_n which_o be_v the_o patrimony_n thereof_o and_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n do_v nominate_v their_o viccar_n in_o these_o kirk_n so_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n do_v nominate_v the_o minister_n to_o the_o same_o and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o churchman_n to_o be_v try_v and_o admit_v and_o thereupon_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o patron_n though_o proper_o they_o be_v not_o such_o because_o the_o minister_n have_v no_o benefice_n but_o be_v stipendary_n have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o fruit_n till_o the_o year_n 1587._o when_o the_o temporality_n of_o all_o benefice_n belong_v to_o archbishop_n bishop_n prior_n prioress_n or_o whatsoever_o ecclesiastical_a benefit_n belong_v to_o any_o abbey_n cloister_n friar_n monk_n channon_n common-kirks_a and_o collegiate_n kirk_n be_v annex_v unto_o the_o crown_n with_o several_a exception_n act_n 29._o par_fw-fr 1587._o and_o though_o that_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o annex_v the_o temporality_n then_o belong_v to_o these_o churchman_n and_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o the_o temporality_n already_o erect_v to_o secular_a person_n yet_o by_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o many_o erection_n therein_o contain_v it_o have_v be_v ever_o hold_v as_o a_o annexation_n of_o all_o the_o temporality_n that_o do_v belong_v to_o these_o benefice_n but_o the_o spirituality_n or_o teind_n be_v declare_v not_o to_o be_v annex_v but_o by_o the_o act_n 115_o parliament_n 1592._o erection_n either_o of_o kirk-land_n or_o teind_n in_o temporal_a lordship_n after_o the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n be_v declare_v null_n except_o such_o part_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n already_o erect_v in_o temporal_a lordship_n to_o such_o person_n as_o since_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o have_v sit_v and_o vot_v in_o parliament_n as_o temporal_a lord_n whence_o the_o question_n arise_v whether_o that_o exception_n derogate_v only_o from_o this_o act_n or_o also_o from_o the_o say_v general_a act_n of_o annexation_n but_o by_o the_o 195._o act_n parliament_n 1594._o all_o erection_n since_o the_o say_v general_a act_n of_o annexation_n not_o except_v in_o the_o say_a act_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o do_v also_o leave_v a_o doubt_n as_o to_o to_o the_o erection_n precede_v the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n and_o by_o the_o second_o act_n parliament_n 1606._o restore_a bishop_n it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o better_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n and_o faithful_a servant_n who_o his_o majesty_n have_v reward_v with_o erection_n feve_n patronage_n teind_n and_o confirmation_n of_o teind_n patronage_n and_o other_o right_n of_o abbacy_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v put_v in_o mistrust_n therefore_o ratify_v the_o hail_n erection_n infeftment_n confirmation_n patronage_n tack_n and_o other_o security_n of_o benefice_n not_o be_v bishopric_n give_v dispone_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o majesty_n during_o the_o parliament_n 1587._o before_n or_o sinsine_n agreeable_a to_o the_o say_n law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o faithful_o promit_v in_o verbo_fw-la principis_fw-la never_o to_o quarrel_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v to_o give_v further_a ground_n to_o erection_n though_o qualify_v with_o that_o provision_n that_o the_o say_n erection_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n and_o law_n make_v sinsine_n whereby_o the_o same_o may_v only_o extend_v to_o the_o erection_n except_v and_o warrant_v in_o the_o say_a act_n of_o annexation_n which_o except_v several_a erection_n former_o make_v and_o leave_v some_o kirk-land_n to_o the_o king_n dispose_n by_o subsequent_a erection_n in_o this_o case_n do_v king_n james_n leave_v the_o condition_n of_o kirk-land_n teind_n and_o patronage_n king_n charles_n the_o first_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a benefit_n his_o father_n may_v have_v make_v by_o suppress_v of_o popery_n and_o the_o popish_a benefice_n if_o he_o have_v not_o gift_v they_o away_o before_o he_o consider_v do_v resolve_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o make_v a_o very_a ample_a revocation_n of_o all_o deed_n do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o any_o of_o his_o royal_a progenitor_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1627._o there_o be_v a_o reduction_n intend_v of_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n teind_n patronage_n which_o do_v pertain_v to_o whatsoever_o abbacy_n priory_n or_o other_o benefice_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o same_o with_o all_o infeftment_n of_o heritable_a office_n or_o regality_n which_o revocation_n and_o process_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n the_o king_n give_v commission_n to_o several_a nobleman_n and_o other_o to_o endeavour_v a_o agreement_n with_o these_o who_o have_v right_a to_o erection_n or_o any_o right_n to_o kirklands_n or_o teind_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o submission_n make_v by_o many_o person_n who_o have_v right_a to_o kirk-land_n and_o teind_n contain_v a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n ad_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la of_o the_o superiority_n of_o all_o land_n and_o other_o temporal_a right_n pertain_v to_o whatsoever_o erection_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n reserve_v and_o except_v the_o property_n of_o all_o the_o say_n land_n and_o other_o whereunto_o they_o have_v right_a before_o or_o after_o the_o say_n erection_n pay_v the_o ancient_a feu-duty_n to_o his_o majesty_n that_o be_v payable_a to_o kirk-man_n and_o that_o such_o demain_v and_o mensal_n land_n of_o the_o say_n benefice_n as_o be_v never_o set_v in_o feu_n or_o rental_a by_o the_o ancient_a titular_o before_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n nor_o by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v then_o possess_v by_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n shall_v be_v feve_v to_o they_o and_o no_o other_o for_o such_o feu-duty_n as_o his_o majesty_n commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v they_o do_v thereby_o also_o submit_v to_o his_o majesty_n what_o satisfaction_n he_o shall_v give_v they_o for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o other_o constant_a rent_n of_o the_o superiority_n resign_v and_o all_o right_n of_o teithes_n that_o they_o have_v that_o his_o majesty_n may_v appoint_v the_o quantity_n rate_n and_o
contrary_a act_n of_o injury_n by_o do_v evil_a in_o stead_n of_o good_a three_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o anticipation_n of_o error_n and_o fraud_n and_o that_o evident_a probation_n may_v be_v have_v man_n do_v most_o profitable_o order_v deed_n to_o be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o palpable_a and_o plain_a form_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o injury_n see_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v these_o deed_n be_v free_a and_o in_o our_o power_n thus_o though_o the_o dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o proprietar_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alienate_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o and_o to_o constitute_v the_o right_n thereof_o in_o another_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n delivery_n or_o apprehension_n of_o possession_n for_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o good_n and_o seize_v be_v necessary_a for_o convey_v of_o the_o right_n of_o land_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n assignation_n be_v not_o effectual_a to_o transfer_v personal_a right_n till_o intimation_n follow_v our_o custom_n also_o appoint_v write_v to_o be_v make_v where_o it_o be_v easy_a and_o ordinar_n to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n thereof_o do_v exclude_v witness_n in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o admit_v only_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o party_n in_o case_n where_o write_n be_v accustom_v so_o the_o roman_n ordain_v that_o because_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o mere_a conference_n that_o word_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v by_o themselves_o or_o witness_n that_o therefore_o the_o party_n shall_v perfeit_v such_o contract_n by_o a_o solemn_a stipulation_n wherein_o the_o one_o party_n do_v interrogat_n if_o the_o other_o do_v agree_v to_o such_o term_n as_o he_o express_v and_o the_o other_o immediate_o repeat_v his_o answer_n close_v with_o he_o in_o term_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o do_v not_o so_o stipulate_v they_o refuse_v they_o action_n upon_o naked_a paction_n four_o nation_n for_o the_o flourish_a of_o their_o family_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n and_o their_o law_n do_v order_n they_o otherways_o than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v for_o in_o the_o most_o part_n the_o heretage_n and_o succession_n in_o the_o whole_a land-rights_a belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o stem_n and_o line_n of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o parent_n be_v presume_v to_o provide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n with_o competent_a portion_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o right_a of_o succession_n do_v belong_v to_o all_o and_o even_o in_o this_o positive_a law_n alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v its_o example_n from_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n by_o which_o the_o male_n exclude_v the_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v a_o double_a portion_n five_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o people_n man_n do_v lay_v the_o heavy_a penalty_n upon_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n thereunto_o which_o may_v be_v alter_v when_o these_o inclination_n alter_v and_o so_o the_o lord_n do_v frame_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o the_o humour_n of_o that_o people_n in_o some_o thing_n permit_v without_o punish_v the_o transgression_n of_o the_o most_o palpable_a and_o weighty_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n and_o also_o extend_v the_o proportion_n of_o equality_n observe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o restitution_n and_o retribution_n as_o in_o theft_n hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v yetsure_o they_o be_v most_o happy_a who_o law_n be_v near_a to_o equity_n and_o most_o declaratory_a of_o it_o and_o lest_o alter_v of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o except_o in_o case_n eminent_o profitable_a like_a unto_o these_o now_o point_v at_o yea_o and_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o happy_a who_o law_n have_v enter_v by_o long_a custom_n wring_v out_o from_o the_o debate_n upon_o particular_a cause_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o fix_a and_o know_v custom_n for_o thereby_o the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n through_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v experimental_o see_v so_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o case_n convenient_a if_o in_o other_o case_n afterward_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o prove_v abortive_a in_o the_o womb_n of_o time_n before_o it_o attain_v the_o maturity_n of_o a_o law_n but_o in_o statute_n the_o lawgiver_n must_v at_o once_o balance_v the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n wherein_o he_o may_v and_o often_o do_v fall_v short_a and_o there_o do_v arise_v casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o the_o statute_n be_v out_o and_o recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o equity_n but_o these_o be_v best_a which_o be_v approbatory_n or_o correctory_n of_o experience_a custom_n and_o in_o a_o customary_a law_n though_o the_o people_n run_v some_o hazard_n at_o first_o of_o their_o judge_n arbitrament_n yet_o when_o that_o law_n be_v come_v to_o a_o fullness_n and_o consistence_n they_o have_v by_o much_o the_o advantage_n in_o this_o that_o what_o custom_n have_v change_v be_v throw_v away_o and_o obliterat_fw-la without_o memory_n or_o mention_v of_o it_o but_o in_o statutory_a write_a law_n the_o vestige_n of_o all_o the_o alteration_n remain_v and_o ordinary_o increase_v to_o such_o a_o mass_n that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v evidence_n and_o security_n to_o the_o people_n and_o become_v labyrinth_n wherein_o they_o be_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o right_n if_o not_o themselves_o and_o must_v have_v a_o implicit_a faith_n in_o these_o who_o can_v comprehend_v they_o without_o make_v it_o the_o work_n of_o their_o life_n 15._o our_o custom_n as_o they_o have_v arisen_a main_o from_o equity_n so_o they_o be_v also_o from_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal_n law_n from_o which_o the_o term_n tenor_n and_o form_n of_o they_o be_v much_o borrow_v and_o therefore_o these_o especial_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v great_a weight_n namely_o in_o case_n where_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o form_v but_o none_o of_o these_o have_v with_o we_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v only_o receive_v according_a to_o their_o equity_n and_o expediency_n secundum_fw-la bonum_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o some_o narrative_n of_o our_o statute_n that_o the_o parliament_n do_v own_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o in_o the_o revocation_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o parliament_z 1493._o c._n 51._o where_o it_o be_v say_v and_o since_o it_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n civil_a and_o canon_n that_o minor_n may_v revoke_v par._n 1540_o cap._n 80._o so_o likewise_o nottar_n forger_n of_o false_a writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v after_o the_o disposition_n of_o common_a law_n par._n 1551._o cap._n 22._o and_o in_o the_o act_n establish_v religion_n all_o act_n contrair_a or_o constitution_n canon_n civil_a or_o municipal_a be_v abrogate_a par._n 1567._o cap._n 31._o yet_o these_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o then_o that_o these_o law_n be_v a_o example_n after_o the_o similitude_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n proceed_v and_o though_o in_o the_o case_n of_o falsehood_n the_o punishment_n be_v assume_v as_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o will_v make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o in_o so_o far_o it_o be_v our_o law_n before_o much_o less_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o the_o abrogation_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n at_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n because_o in_o the_o popish_a church_n it_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o authoritative_a law_n but_o since_o it_o be_v only_o a_o law_n as_o to_o these_o case_n that_o be_v act_v by_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n and_o in_o the_o rest_n only_o as_o our_o custom_n assume_v some_o particular_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o for_o the_o full_a evidence_n of_o the_o contrair_a there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o special_a statute_n declare_v this_o kingdom_n subject_n only_o to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o no_o other_o sovereign_n law_n par._n 1425._o cap._n 48._o par._n 1503._o cap._n 79._o yea_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n regulat_v the_o succession_n and_o right_n of_o scottish_a man_n in_o scotland_n though_o die_v abroad_o be_v resident_a there_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o colonel_n henderson_n child_n who_o have_v die_v in_o holland_n legat_v upon_o heritable_a bond_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n there_o yet_o they_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v by_o testament_n but_o belong_v to_o his_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n dury_n 9_o decemb._n 1623._o the_o
appear_v that_o such_o case_n have_v be_v of_o purpose_n omit_v by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n will_v not_o extend_v the_o same_o as_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o cap._n 6._o composition_n to_o superior_n for_o receive_v appriser_n be_v appoint_v and_o the_o same_o in_o the_o next_o act_n omit_v as_o to_o adjudger_n therefore_o the_o lord_n presume_v thence_o from_o the_o propinquity_n of_o these_o act_n that_o such_o composition_n be_v omit_v of_o purpose_n they_o will_v not_o extend_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o a_o composition_n in_o adjudication_n dury_n 21._o of_o july_n 1636._o greirson_n contra_fw-la closburn_n but_o now_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o adjudication_n that_o in_o these_o superior_a have_v a_o composition_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 23._o decemb._n 1669._o how_o far_o the_o civil_a common_a or_o feudal_n law_n have_v place_n with_o we_o have_v be_v already_o say_v but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v our_o proper_a law_n as_o craig_n relate_v lib._n 1._o dig_v 8._o sect_n per._n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n as_o a_o common_a feudal_n law_n but_o it_o be_v local_a and_o customary_a to_o every_o place_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o half_a of_o our_o right_n craig_n do_v very_o well_o observe_v near_o that_o place_n that_o these_o book_n call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la be_v no_o part_n of_o our_o law_n but_o be_v compile_v for_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n in_o 13._o book_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o by_o some_o unknown_a and_o inconsiderate_a hand_n steal_v thence_o and_o resarcinate_v into_o these_o four_o book_n which_o pass_v among_o we_o which_o though_o they_o be_v mention_v to_o be_v revise_v and_o reform_v with_o our_o former_a ancient_a law_n par._n 1425._o cap._n 54._o par._n 1487._o cap._n 115._o yet_o these_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v they_o as_o already_o become_v our_o law_n but_o as_o such_o as_o by_o alteration_n thereof_o may_v become_v our_o law_n the_o law_n of_o scotland_n in_o its_o nearness_n to_o equity_n plainness_n and_o facility_n in_o its_o custom_n tenor_n and_o form_n and_o in_o its_o celerity_n and_o dispatch_n in_o the_o administration_n and_o execution_n of_o it_o may_v be_v well_o parrallele_v with_o the_o best_a law_n in_o christendom_n which_o will_v more_o plain_o appear_v when_o the_o proportion_n and_o propinquity_n of_o it_o to_o equity_n shall_v be_v see_v 16._o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n this_o question_n will_v be_v resolve_v whether_o law_n may_v or_o shall_v be_v handle_v as_o a_o rational_a discipline_n have_v principle_n from_o whence_o its_o conclusion_n may_v be_v deduce_v most_n lawyer_n be_v for_o the_o negative_a part_n common_o esteem_v law_n especial_o the_o positive_a and_o proper_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n incapable_a of_o such_o a_o deduction_n as_o be_v dependent_a upon_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o lawgiver_n and_o introduce_v for_o utility_n sake_n and_o so_o frequent_o alterable_a that_o they_o can_v be_v draw_v from_o prior_n common_a principle_n and_o keep_v the_o artificial_a method_n of_o rational_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o they_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o any_o order_n whereby_o the_o particular_a head_n and_o title_n may_v be_v find_v whereunto_o the_o confuse_a order_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v the_o great_a blemish_n in_o it_o have_v be_v instrumental_a for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n for_o learned_a man_n than_o to_o maintain_v their_o author_n and_o through_o their_o respect_n to_o they_o not_o to_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o tolerable_a error_n there_o be_v little_a to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o commentars_n and_o treatise_n upon_o the_o civil_a law_n argue_v from_o any_o know_a principle_n of_o right_a but_o all_o their_o debate_n be_v a_o congestion_n of_o the_o context_n of_o the_o law_n which_o exceed_o nauseate_v delicate_a engine_n find_v much_o more_o work_n for_o their_o memory_n than_o judgement_n in_o take_v up_o and_o retain_v the_o lawgiver_n will_v rather_o than_o search_v into_o his_o reason_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o want_v of_o late_a of_o the_o learnede_a lawyer_n who_o have_v think_v it_o both_o feasible_a and_o fit_a that_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v form_v as_o a_o rational_a discipline_n and_o have_v much_o regret_v that_o it_o have_v not_o be_v effectuate_v yea_o scarce_o attempt_v by_o any_o as_o duarrenus_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la discendi_fw-la docendique_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o grotius_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la for_o which_o there_o be_v many_o peregnant_a reason_n first_o as_o we_o have_v hint_v before_o equity_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n stand_v whole_o in_o these_o practical_a principle_n which_o be_v create_v in_o and_o with_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o arise_v in_o he_o without_o reason_v or_o debate_n as_o natural_o as_o the_o heat_n do_v from_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o these_o rule_n of_o righteousness_n which_o be_v deduce_v thence_o by_o evident_a reason_n so_o that_o law_n be_v reason_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v versant_a about_o the_o right_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o call_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o can_v there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o congruous_a to_o a_o natural_a discipline_n than_o reason_n itself_o and_o its_o principle_n second_o god_n in_o his_o goodness_n have_v give_v man_n more_o radiant_a ray_n of_o reason_n and_o preserve_v it_o more_o after_o his_o fall_n about_o his_o right_n meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la than_o in_o any_o other_o science_n or_o knowledge_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v dubious_a and_o conjectural_a and_o attainable_a only_a with_o great_a pain_n but_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o right_a a_o man_n of_o reason_n though_o without_o education_n if_o not_o blind_v or_o bias_v with_o affection_n or_o interest_n or_o mar_v with_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o man_n which_o be_v but_o as_o their_o contract_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o discern_v right_a from_o wrong_n though_o he_o can_v be_v so_o distinct_a as_o by_o reflect_v on_o his_o own_o knowledge_n to_o take_v up_o and_o hold_v forth_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o he_o do_v proceed_v or_o to_o reach_v matter_n of_o intricacy_n or_o difficulty_n which_o require_v 〈◊〉_d judgement_n and_o long_a experience_n three_o 〈◊〉_d expostulate_v and_o argue_v with_o man_n even_o for_o moral_a duty_n from_o their_o common_a principle_n of_o righteousness_n which_o their_o conscience_n can_v reject_v as_o be_v evident_a every_o where_o in_o his_o word_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o law_n have_v such_o principle_n it_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v hold_v forth_o as_o it_o be_v deduce_v from_o they_o as_o to_o the_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o variety_n and_o multiplication_n of_o positive_a law_n it_o will_v say_v nothing_o for_o see_v positive_a law_n be_v only_o to_o declare_v equity_n or_o make_v it_o effectual_a and_o in_o some_o case_n to_o lay_v aside_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n now_o in_o his_o lapse_v estate_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o order_v by_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o part_n of_o equity_n whereunto_o it_o do_v relate_v and_o as_o a_o man_n body_n may_v well_o be_v describe_v though_o it_o be_v not_o naked_a and_o in_o its_o pure_a natural_n and_o have_v its_o hair_n cut_v and_o order_v and_o ornament_n upon_o it_o all_o which_o will_v fall_v to_o be_v describe_v as_o appendicles_a to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o they_o adorn_v for_o equity_n be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o man_n be_v but_o as_o the_o ornament_n and_o vestiture_n thereof_o and_o in_o the_o explanation_n of_o every_o part_n of_o it_o it_o will_v most_o fit_o fall_v in_o but_o the_o best_a demonstration_n of_o this_o will_v be_v ocular_a by_o delineation_n of_o equity_n and_o positive_a law_n together_o 17._o the_o principle_n of_o law_n be_v such_o as_o be_v know_v without_o argue_v and_o to_o which_o the_o judgement_n upon_o apprehenosin_n thereof_o will_v give_v its_o ready_a and_o full_a assent_n such_o as_o god_n be_v to_o be_v adorn_v and_o obey_v parent_n to_o be_v obey_v and_o honour_v child_n to_o be_v love_v and_o entertain_v and_o such_o be_v these_o common_a precept_n which_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o live_v honest_o to_o wrong_v no_o man_n and_o to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n but_o here_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a principle_n which_o have_v influence_n upon_o all_o the_o right_n of_o man_n leave_v the_o more_o particular_a one_o to_o the_o right_n flow_v therefrom_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o equity_n be_v these_o
to_o do_v what_o he_o will_v not_o restraint_n be_v exercise_v by_o imprisonment_n and_o captivity_n or_o in_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n as_o meat_n drink_v sleep_v etc._n etc._n constraint_n be_v exercise_v by_o beat_v wound_v or_o the_o like_a force_n upon_o the_o body_n or_o the_o fear_n of_o it_o whereby_o any_o thing_n be_v extort_a 5._o though_o liberty_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a right_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_a but_o limit_v first_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o our_o obediential_a obligation_n to_o he_o and_o to_o man_n by_o his_o ordinance_n and_o so_o though_o man_n have_v power_n of_o his_o own_o person_n yet_o have_v he_o no_o power_n of_o his_o own_o life_n or_o his_o member_n to_o dispose_v of_o they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n either_o by_o take_v away_o of_o his_o life_n or_o amputation_n or_o hurt_v of_o any_o member_n by_o himself_o or_o by_o give_v power_n to_o any_o other_o so_o to_o do_v unless_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o preserve_v the_o whole_a but_o he_o be_v natural_o oblige_v to_o god_n to_o maintain_v his_o life_n so_o likewise_o man_n may_v be_v restrain_v or_o constrain_v by_o other_o without_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o liberty_n in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o other_o obediential_a obligation_n as_o a_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o restrain_v his_o wife_n from_o her_o liberty_n of_o go_v where_o she_o will_v and_o may_v keep_v she_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o conjugal_a society_n so_o may_v parent_n restrain_v their_o child_n and_o also_o constrain_v they_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o without_o any_o engagement_n or_o law_n we_o may_v also_o without_o any_o injury_n restrain_v a_o furious_a person_n or_o one_o who_o be_v infer_v violence_n to_o himself_o in_o his_o life_n or_o limb_n because_o this_o be_v not_o against_o any_o act_n of_o his_o lawful_a liberty_n and_o be_v do_v as_o a_o duty_n in_o we_o of_o love_n and_o mercy_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o utility_n and_o profit_n where_o the_o natural_a liberty_n be_v not_o hem_v in_o with_o a_o obligation_n there_o unless_o by_o his_o own_o delinquence_n or_o consent_n man_n can_v just_o be_v restrain_v much_o less_o constrain_v upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o utility_n or_o profit_n for_o liberty_n as_o far_o preferable_a to_o profit_v and_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o utility_n every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n and_o can_v without_o injury_n to_o god_n and_o man_n be_v hinder_v to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v or_o be_v compel_v to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v not_o in_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v free_a as_o grotius_n say_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 22._o pag._n 2._o non_fw-la enim_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la alicui_fw-la ntile_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la statim_fw-la mihi_fw-la licet_fw-la ei_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o imponere_fw-la nam_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la rationis_fw-la habent_fw-la usum_fw-la libera_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la utilium_fw-la multilinimve_fw-la electio_fw-la nisi_fw-la alterijus_fw-la quodam_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la quaesitum_fw-la sit_fw-la 6._o liberty_n may_v be_v diminish_v or_o take_v away_o by_o our_o delinquence_n in_o the_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o see_v it_o be_v a_o right_n in_o our_o own_o power_n as_o good_n and_o debt_n may_v be_v forfault_v by_o our_o delinquence_n so_o may_v our_o liberty_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n 7._o three_o our_o engagement_n do_v common_o import_v a_o diminution_n of_o our_o personal_a liberty_n but_o much_o more_o of_o that_o natural_a liberty_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n allow_v personal_a execution_n or_o restraint_n and_o incarceration_n of_o the_o debtor_n person_n until_o he_o do_v all_o the_o deed_n that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n for_o the_o satisafction_n of_o his_o creditor_n 8._o liberty_n be_v diminish_v by_o subjection_n unto_o authority_n for_o as_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v a_o free_a creature_n in_o his_o own_o power_n he_o do_v then_o become_v in_o the_o power_n of_o other_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o society_n where_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o plurality_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o natural_a and_o free_a choice_n of_o particular_a person_n or_o whether_o the_o authority_n be_v state_v in_o a_o few_o person_n or_o in_o one_o sovereign_a 9_o five_o liberty_n be_v whole_o take_v off_o by_o bondage_n slavery_n or_o servitude_n which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a to_o liberty_n for_o as_o liberty_n be_v that_o power_n by_o which_o man_n be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la so_o by_o servitude_n they_o become_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o unto_o who_o they_o become_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o good_n in_o their_o patrimony_n and_o be_v possess_v by_o they_o and_o may_v be_v gift_v legated_a sell_v and_o otherways_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la hominis_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la in_o servitute_fw-la ff_n deregulis_fw-la juris_fw-la so_o that_o master_n have_v among_o the_o roman_n and_o almost_o every_o where_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n of_o their_o slave_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la svi_fw-la vel_fw-la alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la though_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n do_v restrain_v that_o power_n to_o moderate_a chastisement_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a law_n §_o 2._o and_o next_o ensue_a servant_n be_v whole_o their_o master_n they_o can_v have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o l._n acquiritur_fw-la de_fw-la acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la so_o that_o their_o peculium_fw-la which_o their_o master_n commit_v to_o they_o to_o negotiate_v with_o be_v whole_o in_o their_o master_n power_n and_o may_v be_v take_v away_o at_o his_o pleasure_n l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr peculio_fw-la neither_o can_v they_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o obligation_n l._n nec_fw-la servus_n 41._o ff_n de_fw-fr peculio_fw-la neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o civil_a action_n for_o or_o against_o they_o l._n in_o personam_fw-la ff_n 22._o de_fw-la regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la neither_o can_v they_o be_v witness_n procuratoss_n or_o arbiter_n l._n cum_fw-la seru._n ff_n de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la yea_o and_o they_o be_v account_v as_o no_o body_n or_o as_o dead_a man_n l._n 32._o de_fw-fr reg._n jur._n l._n 7._o the_o testib_n l._n 6._o cod._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la l._n 7._o the_o recep_n qui_fw-fr arb_n 10._o bondage_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o it_o be_v among_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n settle_v by_o common_a consuetude_n and_o it_o take_v first_o place_n in_o the_o these_o who_o be_v take_v in_o war_n who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o enemy_n sword_n do_v loss_n their_o liberty_n in_o lieu_n of_o their_o life_n such_o also_o be_v these_o who_o sell_v their_o liberty_n and_o give_v it_o up_o and_o be_v content_a to_o be_v perpetual_a slave_n as_o be_v the_o jewish_a bondman_n who_o ear_n be_v pierce_v with_o a_o awl_n as_o the_o solemnity_n of_o their_o perpetual_a and_o willing_a servitude_n the_o offspring_n of_o servant_n remain_v in_o their_o servile_a condition_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o follow_v the_o mother_n and_o not_o the_o father_n partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la and_o in_o some_o case_n both_o by_o the_o judicial_a law_n and_o the_o roman_a law_n free_a parent_n may_v sell_v and_o give_v their_o child_n into_o bondage_n 11._o bondage_n though_o contrair_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o liberty_n yet_o it_o be_v lawful_a liberty_n be_v a_o right_n alienable_a and_o in_o our_o disposel_n so_o that_o the_o natural_a law_n constitute_v we_o free_a but_o put_v no_o necessity_n on_o we_o so_o to_o continue_v and_o therefore_o servitude_n be_v both_o approven_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o in_o the_o new_a it_o be_v clear_v against_o that_o obvious_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v free_a by_o christ_n we_o shall_v not_o become_v the_o servant_n of_o man_n to_o which_o the_o apostle_n answer_v be_v thou_o call_v be_v a_o servant_n or_o slave_n continue_v so_o for_o nevertheless_o thou_o be_v christ_n freeman_n but_o yet_o christian_a lenity_n and_o mercy_n have_v almost_o take_v away_o bondage_n except_o among_o the_o spaniard_n portugal_n and_o other_o christian_a nation_n border_v upon_o the_o turk_n where_o because_o the_o turk_n do_v extreme_o exercise_v slavery_n especial_o upon_o christian_n their_o neighbour_n do_v the_o like_a that_o they_o may_v have_v slave_n to_o exchange_v with_o slave_n little_a of_o slavery_n remain_v elsewhere_o among_o christian_n except_o the_o ascriptitii_n who_o be_v not_o absolute_o slave_n but_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v bind_v to_o several_a service_n to_o ferm_n and_o village_n to_o which_o by_o reason_n thereof_o only_o they_o be_v in_o bondage_n and_o their_o master_n can_v apply_v they_o to_o other_o
the_o mother_n nou._n 117._o the_o haer_v cap._n 10._o 12._o the_o custom_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n do_v follow_v more_o close_o the_o natural_a law_n as_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o netherlands_o as_o be_v record_v by_o gudel_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nou._n cap._n 13._o and_o mathias_n stephanus_n 〈◊〉_d the_o like_a of_o the_o custom_n of_o germany_n oecon_fw-mi juris_fw-la civilis_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 67._o §_o 4._o the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n also_o keep_v close_a to_o what_o be_v express_v before_o of_o the_o natural_a law_n as_o to_o the_o interest_n and_o obligation_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n and_o thereby_o aliment_n be_v frequent_o decern_v to_o child_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o their_o father_n if_o they_o expel_v they_o from_o their_o family_n and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n provide_v aliment_n to_o heir_n of_o land_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o liferenter_n but_o a_o father_n though_o his_o son_n have_v no_o land_n be_v find_v conveenable_a super_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la alendi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d july_n 21._o 1636._o laird_n of_o ramorney_n contra_fw-la law_n so_o also_o by_o our_o custom_n a_o father_n be_v tutor_n of_o law_n to_o his_o son_n be_v pupil_n and_o therefore_o a_o father_n be_v find_v liable_a to_o the_o son_n for_o annualrent_a of_o his_o mother_n three_o of_o movable_n remain_v in_o the_o father_n hand_n february_n 4._o 1665._o beg_v contra_fw-la beg._n but_o a_o father_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v for_o annualrent_a of_o a_o legacy_n belong_v to_o his_o son_n uplift_v by_o he_o see_v he_o aliment_v the_o son_n december_n 15._o 1668._o margaret_n winram_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n ellies_n a_o father_n be_v also_o curatour_n to_o his_o child_n special_o when_o in_o his_o family_n unless_o other_o curatour_n be_v choose_v by_o his_o consent_n and_o so_o a_o father_n discharge_v the_o rent_n of_o his_o son_n land_n set_v by_o the_o father_n though_o he_o be_v only_o life-rent_a and_o the_o son_n the_o pupil-fiar_n be_v find_v valid_a for_o year_n after_o the_o father_n decease_n in_o respect_n he_o be_v lawful_a administrator_n young_a rosyth_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n but_o a_o father_n be_v poor_a be_v not_o allow_v to_o lift_v his_o son_n money_n without_o find_v caution_n to_o make_v it_o forthcoming_a february_n 12._o 1636._o givan_n contra_fw-la richardson_n neither_o may_v a_o father_n be_v lapsis_fw-la bonis_fw-la assign_v a_o tack_v acquire_v by_o he_o to_o his_o son_n though_o he_o may_v uplift_v the_o duty_n as_o administrator_n january_n 29._o 1629._o land_n contra_fw-la dowglas_n so_o deed_n do_v by_o such_o minor_n without_o their_o father_n consent_n as_o lawful_a administrator_n be_v find_v null_n george_n stuart_n contra_fw-la home_n of_o rentoun_n after_o pupilarity_n a_o father_n be_v no_o more_o tutor_n to_o his_o child_n and_o so_o may_v not_o discharge_v for_o his_o daughter_n be_v past_a pupilarity_n but_o only_o consent_v with_o she_o as_o curatour_n june_n 26._o 1610._o john_n forrest_n contra_fw-la forrest_n a_o father_n be_v lawful_a administratour_n both_o as_o tutor_n and_o curatour_n honorarie_a of_o himself_o without_o any_o cognition_n or_o solemnity_n and_o be_v not_o liable_a for_o omission_n neither_o be_v he_o exclusive_a of_o other_o curatour_n but_o deed_n do_v without_o a_o father_n consent_n by_o a_o son_n be_v find_v null_n albeit_o the_o son_n reside_v not_o in_o his_o family_n but_o follow_v the_o law_n have_v no_o call_v or_o patrimony_n to_o maintain_v himself_o but_o live_v on_o his_o father_n charge_n neither_o be_v his_o father_n subscribe_v with_o he_o find_v a_o sufficient_a authorise_v of_o he_o see_v he_o subscribe_v with_o his_o father_n as_o cautioner_n for_o he_o december_n 7_o 1666._o sir_n george_n mckenzie_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n fairholme_n 13._o as_o to_o the_o father_n power_n to_o keep_v his_o child_n within_o his_o family_n and_o to_o apply_v their_o work_n for_o his_o use_n though_o controversy_n in_o that_o point_n have_v seldom_o be_v move_v but_o the_o matter_n transact_v by_o consent_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o child_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o remain_v with_o their_o parent_n and_o to_o employ_v their_o service_n for_o their_o use_n even_o after_o their_o majority_n unless_o they_o be_v forisfamiliat_a by_o marriage_n or_o by_o education_n in_o a_o distinct_a call_v from_o their_o parent_n unless_o their_o parent_n deal_v unnatural_o with_o they_o either_o by_o attrocity_n or_o unwillingness_n to_o provide_v they_o with_o a_o competent_a marriage_n in_o due_a time_n and_o with_o mean_n suitable_a to_o their_o condition_n for_o that_o obligement_n to_o provide_v for_o they_o will_v be_v a_o ground_n of_o exception_n against_o they_o if_o he_o will_v unjust_o detain_v they_o in_o these_o case_n or_o if_o the_o father_n countenance_n or_o allow_v the_o child_n to_o live_v by_o themselves_o and_o to_o manage_v their_o own_o affair_n apart_o from_o whence_o his_o tacit_n consent_n to_o their_o emancipation_n may_v be_v infer_v in_o which_o case_n also_o zas_n 19_o in_o lib._n utrum_fw-la turp_v etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr verb._n oblige_v and_o math._n steph._n oecon_fw-mi juris_fw-la civilis_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o do_v declare_v that_o the_o consuetude_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o custom_n before_o express_v the_o english_a account_n child_n to_o be_v emancipat_v so_o soon_o as_o they_o pass_v their_o minority_n cowell_n institut_n jure_fw-la anglicani_n tit._n 12._o §_o 4._o title_n vi_o obligation_n of_o tutor_n and_o curator_n pupil_n minor_a and_o person_n interdict_a 1._o the_o rise_n of_o tutory_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 2._o order_n of_o tutory_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 3._o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o tutor_n 4._o pupil_n obligation_n to_o their_o tutor_n 5._o kind_n of_o tutor_n by_o the_o common_a law_n 6._o tutor_n testamentar_n 7._o tutor_n testamentar_n exclude_v all_o other_o 8._o tutor_n of_o law_n who_o 9_o how_o tutor_n of_o law_n be_v enter_v 10._o the_o time_n within_o which_o they_o must_v enter_v 11._o tutor_n dative_n 12._o pro-tutor_n 13._o factor_n for_o tutor_n 14._o contutor_n 15._o tutor_n custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n 16._o tutor_n authorise_v their_o pupil_n 17._o tutor_n or_o their_o factor_n right_n relate_v to_o the_o pupil_n accress_n to_o they_o 18._o tutor_n can_v only_o do_v necessary_a not_o free_a arbitrary_a deed_n but_o may_v not_o sell_v land_n sine_fw-la authoritate_fw-la judicis_fw-la 19_o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_a for_o their_o pupil_n mean_n 20._o tutor_n be_v conveenable_a with_o their_o pupil_n and_o liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la intus_fw-la habent_fw-la 21._o tutor_n account_n 22._o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o exact_a diligence_n both_o for_o intromission_n and_o omission_n 23._o tutor_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la 24._o tutory_a how_o finish_v 25._o tutor_n of_o idiot_n and_o furious_a person_n 26._o gesta_fw-la tutorum_fw-la accrescunt_fw-la pupillis_fw-la 27._o remove_v of_o suspect_a tutor_n 28._o duty_n of_o pupil_n to_o their_o tutor_n 29._o rise_v of_o curator_n 30._o curator_n ad_fw-la light_n &_o negotia_fw-la 31._o minor_n may_v at_o their_o option_n choose_v or_o not_o choose_v their_o curator_n 32._o minor_n deed_n have_v curator_n without_o their_o consent_n be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n nisi_fw-la in_o quantum_fw-la â—â—erantur_fw-la 33._o curators_n consent_n not_o requisite_a to_o latter_a wi_n 34._o restitution_n of_o minor_n upon_o enorm_a lesione_n 35._o minor_n non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la placitare_fw-la super_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la paternam_fw-la 36._o difference_n betwixt_o tutor_n and_o curator_n 37._o duty_n of_o curator_n 38._o curator_n or_o interdictor_n for_o prodigal_n or_o lavish_a person_n 39_o interdictor_n constitute_v causa_fw-la cognita_fw-la 40._o interdiction_n by_o parent_n consent_n 41._o publication_n and_o registration_n of_o interdiction_n 42._o interdiction_n only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a right_n not_o movable_n not_o to_o personal_a execution_n 43._o interdiction_n be_v only_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o reduction_n 44._o interdiction_n can_v be_v take_v off_o but_o by_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n tutor_n and_o curator_n succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o parent_n and_o their_o obligation_n have_v a_o near_a resemblance_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v here_o fit_o subjoin_v though_o in_o the_o constitution_n and_o duty_n of_o tutor_n and_o curator_n the_o positive_a law_n predomine_v yet_o that_o without_o any_o positive_a law_n or_o contract_n there_o be_v a_o duty_n of_o tuition_n and_o protection_n of_o orphan_n and_o special_o upon_o these_o who_o by_o relation_n of_o blood_n be_v their_o near_a kinsman_n and_o in_o place_n of_o their_o parent_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o ensue_v and_o what_o be_v superad_v either_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o party_n in_o curator_n or_o by_o the_o law_n in_o tutor_n with_o the_o condition_n and_o interest_n of_o
but_o of_o all_o these_o he_o may_v take_v the_o best_a of_o such_o as_o offer_v or_o be_v willing_a see_v with_o we_o all_o tutor_n be_v free_a to_o accept_v or_o refuse_v yea_o and_o may_v renounce_v not_o have_v intromet_v with_o the_o pupil_n mean_n though_o several_a action_n be_v pursue_v in_o their_o name_n as_o tutor_n spot_n de_fw-fr tut_o duff_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n chalmer_n but_o tutory_a be_v a_o public_a office_n it_o can_v not_o be_v refuse_v among_o the_o roman_n unless_o the_o tutor_n have_v excuse_n allow_v of_o the_o law_n tit._n de_fw-fr excus_fw-la tut_o ff_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la tutor_n dative_n must_v both_o make_v faith_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la administratione_fw-la and_o find_v caution_n the_o sufficiency_n whereof_o be_v in_o the_o magistrate_n trust_v and_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o ordinar_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n or_o his_o heir_n be_v liable_a pro_fw-la dolo_fw-la aut_fw-la lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la if_o the_o caution_n take_v by_o they_o be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a tit._n ff_n de_fw-fr magistratu_fw-la conveniendo_fw-la but_o not_o the_o great_a magistrate_n as_o the_o praetor_n or_o precedent_n who_o through_o the_o eminency_n of_o their_o office_n can_v not_o so_o particular_o know_v but_o be_v necessitat_fw-la to_o trust_v to_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o l._n 1._o ff_n tit._n eodem_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o we_o but_o the_o dative_n not_o make_v faith_n or_o find_v caution_n though_o his_o office_n there_o to_o compel_v he_o or_o repel_v he_o from_o authorise_v or_o act_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o annual_a his_o office_n or_o work_v to_o his_o profit_n as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o tutor_n of_o law_n 12._o these_o that_o act_n as_o tutor_n not_o know_v but_o that_o they_o be_v such_o or_o otherways_o fraudulent_o know_v they_o be_v not_o such_o be_v therefore_o call_v pro-tutor_n and_o be_v liable_a for_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o real_a tutor_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o act_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v up_o his_o interest_n who_o by_o fraud_n they_o have_v deceive_v by_o act_v as_o tutor_n tit._n ff_n quod_fw-la falso_fw-la tut_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o act_n be_v void_a but_o if_o the_o person_n have_v be_v long_o hold_v and_o repute_v tutor_n the_o deed_n will_v be_v sustain_v unless_o annul_v because_o of_o the_o pupil_n lesion_n there_o have_v no_o decision_n occur_v with_o we_o to_o show_v whether_o pro-tutor_n be_v oblige_v for_o their_o intromission_n only_o or_o also_o for_o their_o omission_n but_o a_o case_n late_o occur_v the_o lord_n think_v that_o upon_o some_o few_o act_n this_o will_v not_o be_v infer_v but_o upon_o a_o universal_a act_n or_o express_v under_o the_o name_n of_o tutor_n but_o decide_v not_o till_o they_o hear_v the_o party_n in_o praesentia_fw-la whereupon_o after_o long_a debate_n they_o find_v that_o a_o overseer_n act_v under_o the_o name_n of_o tutor_n but_o by_o a_o false_a designation_n contrair_v the_o testament_n shall_v be_v liable_a only_o for_o such_o kind_n of_o thing_n and_o for_o the_o annualrent_n thereof_o as_o he_o intromet_v with_o for_o see_v he_o have_v no_o law_n or_o custom_n regulate_v the_o case_n the_o defender_n can_v be_v only_o condemn_v according_a to_o equity_n but_o they_o declare_v by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la that_o whosoever_o in_o time_n come_v meddle_v with_o pupil_n mean_n or_o minor_n as_o pro-tutor_n or_o procurators'_a shall_v be_v liable_a from_o henceforth_o as_o tutor_n or_o curator_n for_o intromission_n and_o omission_n june_n 10._o 1665._o swintoun_n contra_fw-la notman_n 13._o tutor_n do_v use_v ordinary_o to_o name_v factor_n who_o do_v not_o exoner_o the_o tutor_n of_o any_o of_o their_o obligation_n but_o both_o the_o tutor_n and_o they_o as_o the_o tutor_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o pupil_n therein_o if_o they_o be_v factor_n general_o march_v 28._o 1635._o laird_n of_o ludqhuairn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o haddo_n july_n 18._o 1635._o edmonstoun_n contra_fw-la edmonstoun_n 14._o if_o there_o be_v more_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la or_o dative_n and_o no_o quorum_n express_v if_o some_o of_o they_o die_v the_o office_n be_v not_o void_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o may_v act_v and_o so_o it_o be_v find_v in_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la hope_v executour_n stuart_n contra_fw-la kirkwood_n and_o moor._n the_o like_a though_o some_o of_o the_o tutor_n accept_v not_o hope_v tutor_n ruthven_n contra_fw-la ibid._n george_n faside_n contra_fw-la edmonstoun_n february_n 14._o 1672._o mr._n john_n eleis_fw-la contra_fw-la mr._n john_n scot._n but_o a_o tutory_a to_o two_o bear_v to_o they_o joint_o be_v find_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o either_o january_n 17._o 1671._o drummond_n of_o ricartoun_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o bothkennet_n and_o where_o there_o be_v many_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la they_o may_v be_v either_o with_o or_o without_o a_o quorum_n and_o either_o definite_o or_o by_o a_o distinct_a division_n in_o which_o case_n each_o be_v but_o liable_a for_o their_o own_o division_n l._n 2._o cod._n de_fw-fr dividen_n tut_o 15._o as_o to_o the_o duty_n of_o tutor_n they_o be_v alike_o in_o they_o all_o and_o the_o first_o be_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n wherein_o a_o tutor_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o pupil_n mother_n offer_v to_o entertain_v he_o gratis_o though_o the_o person_n near_o to_o succeed_v be_v marry_v upon_o the_o tutor_n sister_n here_o the_o tutor_n be_v nominat_fw-la and_o the_o mother_n marry_v july_n 4._o 1629._o laird_n of_o longshaw_n contra_fw-la moor._n the_o like_a where_o both_o the_o tutor_n and_o the_o mother_n offer_v to_o aliment_n the_o pupil_n gratis_o but_o the_o mother_n second_o husband_n have_v apprize_v the_o pupil_n land_n and_o the_o pupil_n be_v a_o lass_n only_o of_o five_o year_n old_a february_n ult_n 1632._o gordoun_n contra_fw-la corsan_fw-la a_o tutor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o pupil_n who_o be_v a_o heretrix_fw-la and_o not_o her_o mother_n though_o she_o offer_v to_o entertain_v she_o gratis_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o second_o husband_n february_n 5._o 1675._o foullartoun_n contra_fw-la lady_n boyne_n yea_o a_o tutor_n obtain_v his_o pupil_n person_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o her_o mother_n though_o unmarried_a at_o the_o pupil_n age_n of_o eleven_o year_n albeit_o the_o pupil_n be_v valitudinary_a and_o she_o be_v appoint_v to_o remain_v with_o one_o of_o her_o father_n friend_n to_o the_o effect_n that_o she_o may_v not_o be_v influence_v as_o to_o her_o marriage_n by_o her_o mother_n or_o her_o friend_n february_n 6._o 1666._o laird_n of_o dury_n contra_fw-la lady_n dury_n but_o if_o the_o tutor_n be_v immediate_o to_o succeed_v to_o the_o pupil_n he_o have_v not_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o person_n which_o be_v to_o be_v with_o his_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o person_n at_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o a_o modification_n for_o the_o pupil_n aliment_n according_a to_o his_o mean_n nic._n ubi_fw-la pupulli_fw-la marry_o foulis_n contra_fw-la mcmath_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o immediate_a successor_n though_o the_o tutor_n be_v next_o he_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n ibid._n forrester_n contra_fw-la smith_n of_o old_a tutor_n be_v exclude_v by_o the_o donator_n of_o ward_n from_o custody_n of_o the_o ward_n pupil_n person_n january_n 15._o 1549._o laird_n of_o achname_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o elphingstoun_n and_o lethingtoun_n march_n 16._o 1565._o weir_n contra_fw-la lockart_n and_o july_n 1566._o george_n weir_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lee._n spot_n hic_fw-la hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o gaustoun_n since_o the_o tutor_n and_o the_o pupil_n mother_n have_v licence_n from_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n to_o the_o donator_n of_o his_o ward_n nic._n ubi_fw-la pupulli_fw-la morari_fw-la mr._n james_n chalmers_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n houstoun_n the_o next_o duty_n of_o tutor_n be_v to_o authorise_v the_o pupil_n in_o action_n of_o law_n which_o though_o it_o be_v do_v ordinary_o by_o all_o the_o tutor_n when_o they_o be_v more_o yet_o one_o of_o three_o be_v admit_v to_o authorise_v a_o pupil_n in_o a_o pursuit_n against_o the_o other_o two_o to_o accept_v or_o renounce_v though_o they_o be_v all_o name_v joint_o march_v 8._o 1628._o moor_n and_o thomson_n contra_fw-la kincaid_n tutor_n or_o their_o factor_n be_v presume_v to_o do_v that_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o pupil_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v do_v proprio_fw-la nomine_fw-la it_o accresce_v to_o the_o pupil_n july_n 18._o 1635._o edmonstoun_n contra_fw-la edmonstoun_n and_o so_o a_o tack_v of_o the_o pupil_n rent_n take_v by_o the_o tutor_n factor_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o wife_n in_o liferent_a be_v find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o pupil_n except_o as_o to_o the_o wife_n liferent-land_n march_v
recompense_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o obediential_a or_o natural_a obligation_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o our_o obedience_n to_o he_o grotius_n l._n 2._o cap._n 10._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n §_o 8._o do_v not_o own_o this_o obligation_n as_o natural_a but_o as_o arise_v exit_fw-la lege_fw-la civili_fw-la nullum_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o habet_fw-la eorum_fw-la fundamentorum_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la natura_fw-la obligationem_fw-la inducit_fw-la but_o the_o contrary_n appear_v not_o only_o from_o what_o be_v say_v but_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o which_o reckon_v the_o obligation_n negotiorum_fw-la gestorum_fw-la not_o among_o contract_n or_o obligation_n or_o action_n ex_fw-la lege_fw-la but_o among_o these_o which_o be_v ex_fw-la quasi_fw-la contractu_fw-la that_o this_o obligation_n be_v effectual_a if_o it_o be_v profitable_o carry_v on_o though_o the_o success_n answer_v not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o law_n and_o set_v forth_o by_o a_o excellent_a species_n by_o ulpian_n l._n 10._o §_o 1._o f._n de_fw-fr negotiis_fw-la gestis_fw-la it_o justify_v say_v he_o if_o the_o negotiator_n do_v profitable_o act_v although_o the_o affair_n have_v not_o the_o effect_n as_o if_o he_o have_v cure_a a_o sick_a servant_n if_o not_o with_o stand_v the_o cure_n the_o servant_n die_v he_o have_v this_o action_n 3._o from_o this_o obligation_n there_o arise_v mutual_a action_n the_o one_o direct_v whereby_o he_o who_o affair_n be_v manage_v crave_v account_n and_o restitution_n of_o the_o negotiator_n and_o reparation_n of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o and_o the_o contrair_a action_n to_o the_o negotiator_n whereby_o he_o crave_v recompense_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o what_o he_o have_v profitable_o expend_v and_o for_o his_o labour_n and_o pain_n but_o the_o action_n be_v valid_a on_o either_o part_n whether_o intend_v directe_v or_o utiliter_fw-la l._n actio_fw-la ff_n 47._o de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la gestis_fw-la 4._o the_o negotiator_n be_v hold_v not_o only_o to_o answer_v for_o fraud_n but_o pro_fw-la culpae_fw-la levi_fw-la for_o his_o fault_n though_o light_n yea_o if_o any_o other_o negotiator_n offer_v who_o he_o exclude_v for_o the_o light_a he_o may_v be_v make_v also_o to_o follow_v forth_o his_o negotiation_n according_a to_o that_o precept_n susceptum_fw-la perfice_fw-la munus_fw-la but_o this_o and_o the_o exactness_n of_o diligence_n be_v induce_v by_o positive_a law_n equity_n leave_v the_o negotiator_n free_a if_o he_o have_v act_v profitable_o though_o he_o may_v have_v act_v more_o profitable_o in_o make_v his_o party_n liable_a to_o he_o according_a to_o his_o act_n 5._o the_o other_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n be_v for_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v enrich_v by_o another_o mean_n without_o purpose_n of_o donation_n which_o be_v only_o presume_v in_o few_o case_n even_o he_o who_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la build_v upon_o another_o man_n ground_n or_o repair_v unnecessar_o his_o house_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o do_v it_o animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la but_o have_v recompense_n by_o the_o owner_n in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la l._n 38._o ff_n de_fw-fr haereditatis_fw-la petitione_n this_o remuneration_n be_v a_o most_o natural_a obligation_n as_o cicero_n l._n 3._o de_fw-la officiis_fw-la say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n for_o a_o man_n of_o another_o damnage_n to_o increase_v his_o profit_n and_o again_o justice_n suffer_v not_o that_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o other_o we_o shall_v augment_v our_o riches_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o positive_a law_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v hold_v in_o quantum_fw-la locupletior_fw-la factus_fw-la sit_fw-la so_o pupil_n though_o they_o can_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o contract_n yet_o if_o they_o receive_v that_o which_o be_v another_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o recompense_n in_o quantum_fw-la locupletiores_fw-la facti_fw-la l._n sed_fw-la mihi_fw-la ff_n commodati_fw-la minor_n also_o though_o by_o positive_a law_n they_o be_v not_o liable_a for_o what_o they_o borrow_v and_o receive_v and_o misspend_v yet_o they_o be_v liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la locupletiores_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la 6._o hence_o arise_v the_o action_n in_o law_n the_o in_o rem_fw-la verso_fw-it whereby_o whatsoever_o turn_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o any_o make_v he_o thereby_o liable_a though_o without_o any_o engagement_n of_o his_o own_o we_o be_v enrich_v either_o by_o accession_n of_o gain_n or_o prevention_n of_o loss_n whence_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o contribution_n for_o make_v up_o good_n throw_v out_o to_o lighten_v ship_n whereby_o shipwreck_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o be_v prevent_v lege_fw-la rodia_n de_fw-la jactu_fw-la ff_n l._n 2._o by_o which_o whatsoever_o be_v throw_v out_o to_o lighten_v a_o ship_n for_o prevent_v shipwreck_n be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o contribution_n of_o all_o who_o enjoy_v that_o common_a benefit_n of_o safety_n from_o shipwreck_n proportional_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o what_o be_v thereby_o save_v wherein_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n bear_v their_o share_n l._n 2._o §_o 2._o eodem_fw-la wherein_o not_o only_a jewel_n though_o of_o small_a weight_n but_o even_o the_o clothes_n and_o ring_n of_o passenger_n bear_v a_o share_n ibidem_fw-la and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n may_v detain_v their_o good_n till_o their_o share_n be_v pay_v l._n 2._o §_o 1._o codem_fw-la which_o hold_v also_o when_o there_o be_v hazard_n of_o naufrage_fw-la by_o enter_v a_o shallow_a river_n or_o port_n if_o a_o part_n of_o the_o good_n be_v put_v in_o a_o boat_n and_o perish_v the_o value_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o contribution_n contribution_n be_v also_o make_v for_o what_o be_v pay_v for_o redemption_n of_o ship_n from_o pirate_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o thing_n take_v away_o by_o pirate_n or_o robber_n out_o of_o ship_n l._n 2._o §_o 3._o eodem_fw-la this_o lex_fw-la rodia_n be_v now_o become_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o common_o receive_v by_o all_o for_o its_o expediency_n to_o prevent_v shipwreck_n and_o to_o encourage_v merchant_n to_o throw_v out_o their_o good_n see_v thereby_o they_o will_v but_o bear_v their_o share_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o this_o law_n be_v not_o declaratory_a of_o pure_a equity_n and_o do_v hold_v by_o custom_n otherways_o what_o any_o party_n do_v for_o his_o own_o profit_n though_o it_o have_v a_o consequential_a advantage_n to_o other_o it_o will_v not_o oblige_v they_o to_o bear_v a_o share_n of_o the_o expense_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v interpret_v as_o negotium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d for_o he_o who_o improve_v aright_o though_o it_o become_v simple_o void_a and_o other_o right_n beside_o his_o be_v preferred_n yet_o he_o be_v do_v his_o own_o business_n not_o they_o and_o can_v claim_v no_o share_n from_o they_o of_o his_o expense_n it_o be_v find_v that_o to_o evite_v captor_n by_o a_o privateer_n a_o skipper_n have_v by_o consent_n of_o some_o merchant_n aboard_o and_o of_o the_o company_n make_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o he_o may_v run_v near_o the_o shoar_n at_o a_o creik_v and_o open_v the_o hole_n make_v the_o ship_n so_o far_o sink_v that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o privateer_n yet_o that_o privateer_n have_v reach_v she_o near_o the_o shoar_n but_o before_o the_o hole_n be_v open_v and_o have_v agree_v for_o a_o ransom_n for_o which_o the_o merchant_n contribute_v the_o ship_n have_v be_v wrack_v five_o day_n after_o by_o a_o storm_n which_o she_o may_v have_v prevent_v by_o go_v off_o before_o the_o storm_n arise_v the_o merchant_n and_o passenger_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o contribution_n of_o their_o share_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o ship_n july_n 15._o 1680._o lesly_n and_o miller_n contra_fw-la logan_n weir_n and_o other_o 7._o from_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o recompense_n do_v arise_v the_o obligation_n of_o relief_n whereby_o when_o many_o person_n be_v oblige_v in_o solidum_fw-la and_o thereby_o liable_a conjunct_o and_o several_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o one_o for_o more_o than_o his_o own_o share_n do_v oblige_v all_o the_o rest_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la although_o there_o be_v no_o conventional_a clause_n of_o relief_n nor_o any_o law_n nor_o statute_n but_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o recompense_n for_o he_o who_o pay_v not_o only_o for_o himself_o but_o for_o other_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o do_v it_o animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o co-principals_a june_n 19_o 1662._o mr._n john_n wallace_n contra_fw-la fork_n june_n 28._o 1665._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la anderson_n it_o be_v so_o find_v before_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o haddingtoun_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la hunter_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n relief_n be_v competent_a among_o cautioner_n without_o clause_n of_o relief_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o one_o liberat_o all_o june_n 27._o 1675._o monteith_n contra_fw-la roger._n yea_o relief_n be_v find_v
general_o in_o know_v and_o not_o restrain_v the_o common_a and_o know_a inclination_n of_o the_o actor_n towards_o delinquence_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o when_o a_o master_n keep_v outrageous_a and_o pernicicious_a servant_n or_o beast_n and_o therefore_o in_o many_o case_n even_o by_o natural_a equity_n the_o master_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o damnage_n do_v by_o his_o beast_n as_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o the_o judicial_a law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o push_a ox_n which_o if_o it_o be_v accustom_v that_o he_o push_v before-time_n the_o owner_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o damnage_n thereof_o as_o be_v oblige_v to_o restrain_v but_o if_o not_o he_o be_v free_a so_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o mastiff_n and_o other_o dog_n if_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o assault_v man_n their_o good_n or_o cattle_n and_o be_v not_o destroy_v or_o restrain_v their_o owner_n be_v liable_a hence_o also_o be_v that_o famous_a edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n nuntae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularii_fw-la quod_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la receperunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la restituant_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la judicium_fw-la dabo_fw-la by_o which_o the_o master_n of_o tavern_n stable_n or_o ship_n be_v liable_a for_o restitution_n of_o what_o be_v bring_v in_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o employment_n of_o the_o damnage_n that_o may_v be_v sustain_v by_o their_o servant_n or_o any_o other_o that_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v there_o for_o the_o time_n concomitant_a accession_n be_v when_o the_o accessory_n be_v not_o equal_o concurrent_a in_o the_o act_n but_o countenance_n or_o otherways_o assist_v abett_o cherish_v praise_n or_o connive_v at_o the_o delinquence_n posterior_n accession_n be_v by_o ratihabition_n approbation_n praise_n 〈◊〉_d defence_n or_o support_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o order_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d all_o these_o 〈◊〉_d in_o our_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o part._n as_o to_o the_o question_n then_o who_o of_o these_o co-operants_a be_v oblige_v and_o how_o far_o first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o where_o the_o delinquence_n be_v commit_v by_o many_o alike_o there_o all_o of_o they_o be_v liable_a alike_o but_o whether_o in_o equity_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la or_o for_o the_o whole_a reparation_n it_o be_v not_o so_o 〈◊〉_d positive_a law_n have_v make_v they_o all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la for_o the_o repress_v such_o concurrence_n and_o that_o the_o injure_a be_v not_o put_v to_o the_o trouble_n of_o seek_v in_o by_o part_n from_o the_o several_a delinquent_n yet_o equity_n will_v rather_o lay_v the_o reparation_n of_o every_o man_n part_n upon_o himself_o and_o in_o case_n of_o his_o not_o be_v find_v solvent_a or_o sufficient_a upon_o the_o rest_n make_v up_o with_o all_o the_o trouble_n of_o obtain_v reparation_n from_o many_o by_o refound_v the_o expense_n in_o obtain_v thereof_o and_o the_o labour_n and_o pain_n and_o content_a of_o the_o injure_a as_o to_o the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n of_o many_o concur_v delinquent_n if_o a_o army_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o a_o mutiny_n all_o shoot_n at_o on_o person_n if_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v just_a for_o that_o one_o life_n to_o take_v the_o life_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o because_o it_o can_v be_v know_v who_o ball_n kill_v the_o man_n it_o be_v accustom_v and_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n by_o lot_n to_o single_a out_o who_o be_v to_o suffer_v and_o the_o rest_n be_v free_a from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v as_o in_o the_o punishment_n so_o in_o reparation_n fellow_n delinquent_n socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la be_v to_o concur_v in_o the_o reparation_n as_o they_o concur_v in_o the_o action_n though_o as_o have_v be_v say_v positive_a law_n do_v well_o to_o make_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o one_o or_o more_o liberat_o the_o rest_n second_o as_o to_o the_o accessary_a delinquent_n though_o delinquent_n by_o command_n be_v number_v among_o they_o yet_o as_o we_o say_v he_o do_v that_o cause_v do_v therefore_o such_o be_v proper_a efficient_n though_o mediate_v and_o therefore_o no_o less_o liable_a than_o concurrent_n three_o other_o accessory_n albeit_o by_o positive_a law_n they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d all_o or_o many_o of_o they_o make_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la yet_o as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o concurrent_n in_o equity_n they_o be_v liable_a but_o according_a to_o the_o influence_n they_o have_v in_o the_o delinquence_n but_o in_o these_o the_o obligation_n may_v be_v much_o more_o to_o the_o punishment_n where_o the_o will_n come_v in_o to_o be_v consider_v with_o the_o act_n then_o in_o the_o reparation_n where_o the_o damnage_n which_o be_v the_o outward_a and_o more_o conspicuous_a thing_n be_v main_o consider_v but_o in_o these_o we_o shall_v insist_v no_o further_o but_o come_v to_o the_o obligation_n by_o delinquence_n which_o be_v civil_o cognoscible_a by_o our_o custom_n according_a to_o their_o know_a name_n and_o title_n in_o law_n which_o though_o they_o do_v rather_o signify_v the_o act_n or_o action_n whereby_o such_o obligation_n be_v incur_v or_o prosecute_v than_o the_o obligation_n themselves_o yet_o will_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o hold_v out_o both_o 6._o these_o be_v either_o general_a have_v no_o particular_a name_n or_o designation_n and_o such_o be_v pursue_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n which_o have_v as_o many_o branch_n and_o specialty_n as_o there_o can_v be_v valuable_a and_o reparable_a damnage_n beside_o these_o of_o a_o special_a name_n and_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o these_o assythment_n extortion_n circumvention_n spuilzie_n intrusion_n ejection_n molestation_n breach_n of_o arrestment_n deforcement_n contravention_n 7._o assythment_n as_o it_o signify_v the_o reparation_n make_v so_o it_o insinuat_v the_o obligation_n to_o repair_v damnage_v sustain_v by_o slaughter_n mutilation_n or_o other_o injury_n in_o the_o member_n or_o health_n of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o pursue_v by_o the_o wife_n or_o bairn_n or_o near_a of_o kin_n of_o party_n slay_v in_o other_o case_n it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o party_n mutilat_fw-la or_o hurt_v or_o otherways_o prejudge_v by_o the_o muti_fw-la the_o mutilation_n or_o hurt_v and_o though_o the_o private_a interest_n be_v only_o for_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n and_o loss_n yet_o our_o custom_n apply_v much_o of_o that_o which_o be_v penal_a therein_o to_o the_o injure_v and_o therefore_o consideration_n be_v have_v of_o the_o ability_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o the_o assythment_n be_v according_o modify_v all_o circumstance_n be_v consider_v and_o that_o either_o against_o the_o principal_a offender_n or_o the_o accessory_n so_o be_v it_o find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o patrick_n and_o isobel_n greer_n for_o the_o assythment_n and_o slaughter_n of_o their_o brother_n against_o thomas_n horn_n baxter_n nic._n de_fw-fr siccariis_fw-la this_o action_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o it_o be_v sustain_v though_o there_o be_v no_o particular_a quantity_n of_o damnage_n libel_v but_o the_o same_o refer_v to_o the_o lord_n spot_n summons_n and_o libel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o one_o of_o many_o brethren_n his_o part_n be_v decern_v reserve_v the_o right_n of_o the_o rest_n january_n 8._o 1577._o ker_n contra_fw-la yea_o it_o be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o some_o of_o the_o kin_n though_o not_o of_o the_o near_a degree_n and_o though_o there_o be_v not_o some_o concur_v of_o the_o four_o branch_n of_o the_o slay_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n in_o this_o action_n if_o the_o defender_n have_v take_v remission_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o greer_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v january_n 25._o 1611._o draw_v contra_fw-la home_n in_o montrose_n where_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o free_v though_o he_o have_v a_o acknowledgement_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n and_o that_o he_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o wound_n and_o therefore_o quit_v the_o wrong_n assythment_n be_v a_o privilege_a action_n as_o recent_a spulzie_n par._n 1528._o cap._n 7._o 8._o extortion_n signify_v the_o act_n of_o force_n or_o other_o mean_a of_o fear_n whereby_o a_o person_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v that_o which_o of_o their_o proper_a inclination_n they_o will_v not_o have_v do_v it_o do_v also_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o injurer_n to_o the_o injure_v to_o repair_v his_o loss_n and_o damnage_n by_o such_o act_n thing_n so_o do_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v vi_fw-la majori_fw-la or_o metus_fw-la causa_fw-la by_o force_n or_o fear_n deed_n or_o obligation_n extort_a be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o equity_n efficacious_a because_o they_o have_v true_o the_o consent_n or_o act_v of_o the_o will_n by_o which_o such_o right_n be_v constitute_v and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o civil_a remeid_v in_o their_o ancient_a
be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o infant_n who_o father_n die_v in_o possession_n and_o have_v a_o old_a infeftment_n albeit_o a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v be_v obtain_v against_o the_o mother_n they_o not_o be_v call_v nor_o be_v the_o ejecter_fw-la allow_v in_o hoc_fw-la 〈◊〉_d to_o dispute_v the_o infant_n right_o but_o spoliatus_fw-la be_v find_v instant_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o possession_n february_n 19_o 1663._o scot_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o home_n 27._o ejection_n or_o intrusion_n be_v exclude_v by_o allege_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi relinquish_v the_o possession_n or_o do_v voluntary_o remove_v especial_o if_o he_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d tennant_n july_n 2._o 1678._o laird_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o write_n or_o oath_n of_o party_n if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o fact_n from_o whence_o the_o dereliction_n do_v evident_o appear_v as_o transport_v of_o the_o party_n good_n june_n 19_o 1634._o colonel_n ruthven_n contra_fw-la gairn_n this_o be_v also_o find_v prove_v by_o instrument_n and_o the_o witness_n insert_v though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi libel_v violence_n contrair_a to_o the_o instrument_n hope_n ejection_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la mcculloch_n and_o also_o find_v prove_v by_o a_o renunciation_n attest_v by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o defender_n court_n and_o other_o circumstance_n hope_v ejection_n laird_n of_o monyntusk_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n the_o like_a upon_o voluntary_a remove_n and_o renunce_v in_o the_o pursuer_n master_n court_n june_n 15._o 1610._o brown_n contra_fw-la 〈…〉_z it_o be_v also_o find_v probable_a by_o witness_n viz._n that_o the_o key_n be_v deliver_v though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi offer_v to_o prove_v violence_n nicol._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la bon_fw-fr rapt_a home_n contra_fw-la dickson_n and_o it_o be_v elide_v by_o voluntar_n remove_v or_o renunce_v after_o the_o defender_n entry_n but_o ejection_n be_v not_o elide_v by_o a_o personal_a obligement_n to_o possess_v the_o ejector_n or_o a_o decreet_a arbitral_n see_v the_o entry_n thereto_o be_v not_o by_o order_n of_o law_n or_o consent_n to_o possess_v spot_n arbiter_n wood_n contra_fw-la scot._n violent_a profit_n in_o ejection_n and_o intrusion_n within_o burgh_n be_v ordinary_o sustain_v for_o the_o double_a mail_n but_o in_o landward_o the_o violent_a profit_n be_v account_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o land_n can_v sow_v and_o the_o increase_v such_o land_n can_v yield_v deduce_v the_o expense_n of_o seed_n and_o labourage_n and_o the_o profit_v the_o sum_n can_v yield_v which_o the_o land_n can_v hold_v wherein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o calf_n and_o milk_n of_o cow_n and_o the_o wool_n lamb_n and_o milk_n of_o sheep_n deduce_v the_o expense_n of_o hirding_n in_o ejection_n and_o intrusion_n the_o defender_n must_v find_v caution_n for_o his_o violent_a profit_n at_o the_o first_o term_n after_o litiscontestation_n or_o otherways_o decreet_a be_v to_o be_v give_v against_o he_o parl._n 1594._o cap._n 217._o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o intrusion_n but_o because_o it_o be_v ordinary_o consequent_a upon_o remove_v it_o be_v speak_v to_o title_n tack_n 28._o molestation_n be_v the_o trouble_v of_o possession_n chief_o in_o and_o about_o march_n of_o land_n whereby_o the_o party_n injurer_n be_v oblige_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o the_o march_n be_v cognosce_v he_o will_v be_v decern_v to_o desist_v and_o cease_v from_o trouble_v in_o time_n come_v whereupon_o all_o execution_n personal_n be_v competent_a it_o be_v also_o competent_a when_o possession_n be_v trouble_v otherways_o and_o there_o be_v no_o special_a remeid_v at_o the_o heretors_n instance_n as_o upon_o take_v away_o the_o tenant_n corn_n upon_o the_o march_n november_n 30._o 1596._o laird_n of_o dalgety_n contra_fw-la the_o constable_n of_o dundee_n this_o be_v ordinary_o a_o mutual_a action_n and_o probation_n allow_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o roman_a action_n finium_fw-la regundorum_fw-la and_o in_o case_n of_o further_a trouble_n lawborrow_n and_o contravention_n will_v be_v sustain_v after_o the_o march_n be_v cognosce_v which_o otherways_o can_v have_v no_o effect_n while_o the_o march_n and_o possession_n be_v dubious_a the_o process_n whereby_o molestation_n be_v determine_v be_v call_v a_o cognition_n the_o whole_a course_n whereof_o be_v clear_o order_v and_o set_v down_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o session_n ratify_v in_o parl._n 1587._o cap._n 42._o whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o molestation_n be_v of_o old_a decide_v by_o sheriff_n bailiff_n of_o regality_n and_o other_o judge_n ordinar_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v by_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o assize_n or_o inquest_n of_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a of_o the_o country_n and_o they_o may_v be_v still_o so_o pursue_v but_o if_o before_o the_o session_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o cause_n themselves_o but_o to_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o judge_n ordinar_n or_o in_o case_n they_o be_v suspect_v to_o name_v other_o as_o judges_z delegat_v for_o that_o act_n except_o only_o in_o those_o molestation_n which_o do_v concern_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n which_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o themselves_o the_o say_v judge_n ordinar_n or_o delegat_v be_v first_o to_o hear_v party_n debate_v and_o to_o make_v litiscontestation_n and_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o be_v find_v probable_a by_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o inquest_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v landed-man_n worth_a three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o rent_n and_o above_o in_o the_o paroch_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v or_o fail_v they_o in_o the_o next_o adjacent_a paroch_n as_o be_v full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n in_o these_o cognition_n the_o superior_a must_v be_v call_v in_o all_o the_o diet_n of_o process_n hope_n cog_v calden_n contra_fw-la purvess_n of_o corfindie_n and_o if_o the_o cognition_n be_v pursue_v by_o a_o liferenter_fw-la â—or_a other_o the_o heretor_fw-la must_v be_v call_v or_o otherways_o the_o cognition_n be_v null_a ibid._n lord_n lothian_n contra_fw-la traquair_n 29._o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n be_v by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n in_o all_o thing_n equiparat_fw-la both_o be_v violation_n of_o legal_a act_n and_o concern_v both_o it_o be_v statute_n par._n 1581._o cap._n 117._o that_o breaker_n of_o arrestment_n or_o the_o deforcer_n of_o poind_v or_o any_o other_o legal_a execution_n shall_v escheat_n all_o their_o whole_a movable_n and_o the_o party_n injure_v shall_v be_v first_o pay_v of_o his_o debt_n and_o damnage_n for_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v ready_a execution_n against_o the_o injurer_n which_o be_v further_o extend_v par._n 1592._o cap._n 150._o that_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o escheat_n of_o the_o movable_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v if_o the_o executer_n of_o the_o process_n or_o letter_n be_v deforce_v or_o molest_v in_o the_o execution_n which_o yet_o shall_v stand_v as_o a_o valid_a execution_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v in_o execution_n of_o summons_n or_o charge_n of_o horning_n though_o the_o latter_a act_n be_v more_o favourable_a to_o the_o injure_a yet_o be_v in_o his_o favour_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o first_o which_o will_v infer_v a_o personal_a obligement_n upon_o the_o deforcer_n or_o breaker_n of_o arrestment_n to_o pay_v the_o sum_n due_a to_o the_o injure_v whereupon_o the_o arrestment_n or_o execution_n do_v proceed_v with_o the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n july_n 25._o 1633._o mitchel_n contra_fw-la law_n and_o stuart_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o deforcement_n of_o a_o caption_n and_o that_o the_o pursuer_n have_v insist_v criminal_o ad_fw-la vindi_fw-la i_o be_o publicam_fw-la do_v not_o hinder_v he_o to_o insist_v civil_o for_o private_a interest_n december_n 13._o 1672._o murray_n contra_fw-la french_a of_o frenchland_n which_o take_v no_o place_n where_o the_o arrestment_n be_v not_o for_o debt_n but_o upon_o conravert_v right_n and_o possession_n which_o hinder_v not_o continuation_n of_o possession_n but_o only_a innovation_n as_o when_o tenant_n continue_v to_o pay_v controvert_v ferm_n to_o the_o former_a possessor_n june_n 10._o 1579._o king_n advocate_n and_o kirkaldy_n contra_fw-la tenant_n or_o the_o take_v away_o corn_n sow_v upon_o controvert_v ground_n the_o first_o year_n by_o the_o sour_a july_n 30._o 1566._o seaton_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o william_n foulis_n neither_o be_v it_o competent_a against_o any_o but_o those_o to_o who_o intimation_n of_o the_o arrestment_n or_o citation_n thereon_o be_v make_v ibid._n february_n 1574._o dawson_n contra_fw-la bairdie_n deforcement_n of_o a_o poynd_n be_v elide_v because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o do_v in_o lawful_a time_n of_o day_n but_o before_o the_o sun_n but_o not_o elide_v because_o the_o good_n be_v attest_v to_o pertain_v to_o another_o party_n who_o oath_n have_v
be_v make_v thereon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n neither_o when_o keep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o master_n rent_n by_o his_o servant_n see_v they_o express_v not_o that_o cause_n nor_o crave_v not_o security_n therefore_o from_o the_o poynder_n february_n 1._o 1628._o laird_n of_o halkertoun_n contra_fw-la kadie_n and_o grieves_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o for_o the_o rent_n rest_v it_o will_v not_o infer_v deforcement_n if_o such_o be_v true_o rest_v neither_o do_v resistance_n of_o poind_v of_o plough-goods_a in_o labour_v time_n where_o there_o be_v other_o good_n sufficient_a infer_v deforcement_n february_n last_o 1561._o abbot_n of_o kilwinning_n contra_fw-la tenant_n stop_v of_o poind_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o groundor_n landlord_n of_o a_o house_n for_o that_o year_n rend_v infer_v not_o deforcement_n december_n 7._o 1630._o dick_n contra_fw-la land_n or_o that_o he_o hinder_v entry_n unless_o there_o be_v special_a warrant_n in_o the_o letter_n to_o make_v open_a door_n 30._o contravention_n as_o it_o signify_v any_o act_n do_v against_o lawborrow_n so_o it_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contraveen_a and_o the_o personal_a right_n which_o the_o user_n of_o the_o lawborrow_n have_v thereby_o and_o likewise_o the_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v pursue_v for_o the_o uptake_n of_o all_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o lawborrow_n be_v which_o the_o word_n itself_o insinuat_v to_o be_v caution_n find_v to_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n for_o a_o burrow_n or_o burgh_n in_o our_o ancient_a language_n be_v a_o cautioner_n and_o lawborrow_n be_v caution_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n who_o in_o equity_n have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n they_o sustain_v through_o delinquence_n or_o illegal_a act_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o and_o terrify_v evil_a doer_n a_o great_a penalty_n than_o reparation_n be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o injurer_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 166._o the_o half_a of_o the_o penalty_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v public_a par._n 1581._o cap._n 117._o by_o the_o narrative_a of_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o before_o lawborrows_n be_v grant_v only_o for_o safety_n against_o bodily_a harm_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o complainer_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n therein_o express_v the_o same_o be_v extend_v that_o the_o complainer_n their_o wife_n bairn_n 〈◊〉_d and_o servant_n shall_v be_v harmless_a and_o skaithless_a in_o their_o body_n land_n tack_n possession_n good_n and_o gear_n and_o no_o way_n molest_v or_o trouble_v therein_o by_o the_o person_n complain_v on_o nor_o no_o other_o of_o their_o cause_v send_v hound_v out_o ressetting_n command_n assistance_n and_o ratihabition_n who_o they_o may_v stop_v or_o let_v direct_o or_o indirect_o otherways_o then_o by_o order_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o lawborrow_n be_v grant_v upon_o the_o supplication_n of_o party_n fear_v harm_n who_o without_o cite_v the_o other_o party_n but_o make_v faith_n upon_o their_o complaint_n have_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o to_o charge_v the_o party_n complain_v on_o to_o find_v caution_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o if_o caution_n be_v find_v the_o action_n of_o contravention_n do_v proceed_v upon_o and_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n but_o if_o obedience_n be_v not_o give_v the_o complainer_n may_v proceed_v to_o denunciation_n or_o caption_n but_o the_o contravention_n will_v proceed_v though_o there_o be_v no_o caution_n find_v but_o only_o a_o charge_n upon_o the_o letter_n without_o denunciation_n unless_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v as_o use_n to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o penalty_n charge_v for_o be_v exorbitant_a and_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n january_n 8._o 1628._o john_n semple_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n contravention_n may_v proceed_v upon_o any_o delinquence_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n or_o letter_n of_o lawborrow_n which_o though_o very_o comprehensive_a yet_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o act_n do_v without_o order_n of_o law_n be_v matter_n of_o inconsiderable_a moment_n as_o the_o tilling_n up_o of_o some_o furrow_n in_o a_o march_n the_o same_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o the_o damnage_n to_o be_v repair_v nic._n hic_fw-la nicolson_n contra_fw-la hay_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o any_o illegal_a deed_n when_o the_o matter_n of_o right_o be_v dubious_a as_o in_o matter_n of_o molestation_n before_o the_o cognition_n or_o before_o that_o the_o march_n be_v clear_a spot_n contravention_n laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n do_v by_o a_o colourable_a title_n though_o afterward_o reduce_v as_o enter_v in_o possession_n by_o a_o nats_n decreet_a hope_n hic_fw-la george_n moorhead_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barskub_n neither_o upon_o pasture_v upon_o bound_n controvert_v or_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o unlawfulness_n in_o pasturage_n upon_o clear_a march_n july_n 14._o 1626._o laird_n of_o grange_n contra_fw-la lesly_n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n of_o spuilzie_n against_o the_o pursuer_n tenant_n not_o complain_v though_o the_o lawborrow_n bear_v men-tennant_n and_o servant_n to_o be_v harmless_a which_o be_v esteem_v stilus_fw-la curiae_fw-la january_n 28._o 1632._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_v and_o february_n 9_o 1633._o lindsay_n contra_fw-la dennistoun_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o defender_n tenant_n without_o allege_v command_n or_o ratihabition_n unless_o the_o deed_n be_v manifest_a or_o know_v to_o their_o master_n as_o in_o conveen_v daily_o and_o cut_v another_o wood_n july_n 9_o 1611._o vauns_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balnagown_n neither_o upon_o deed_n do_v by_o servant_n without_o warrant_n unless_o they_o be_v menial_a servant_n hope_v bic_n john_n galbraith_n contra_fw-la william_n anderson_n yet_o contravention_n be_v sustain_v upon_o hurt_n do_v to_o the_o pursuer_n servant_n though_o he_o be_v then_o rebel_n be_v afterward_o relax_v hope_n horning_n bruce_n of_o clackmannan_n contra_fw-la bruce_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o attempt_n of_o injury_n though_o there_o be_v no_o hurt_n as_o a_o stroke_n on_o the_o clothes_n and_o one_o offer_v to_o strike_v with_o a_o whinger_n december_n 21._o 1609._o greenyard_n contra_fw-la clackmannan_n and_o also_o upon_o a_o violent_a trouble_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi without_o order_n of_o law_n though_o without_o damnage_n spot_n hic_fw-la laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o a_o delinquence_n though_o there_o be_v another_o action_n competent_a therefore_o as_o for_o molestation_n november_n 29._o 1609._o dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n or_o for_o violent_a possession_n after_o warn_v hope_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la cuthbert_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la but_o if_o the_o other_o ordinar_n action_n be_v insist_v in_o and_o decreet_a obtain_v contravention_n also_o can_v be_v pursue_v though_o the_o other_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v renounce_v hope_n contro_fw-la johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n charter_n contravention_n be_v elide_v by_o grant_v a_o factory_a after_o the_o deed_n libel_v to_o do_v the_o like_a reserve_v only_a damnage_n and_o interest_n february_n 19_o 1633._o dennistoun_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n contravention_n on_o several_a deed_n sustain_v separatim_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la and_o against_o many_o contraveener_n contraveen_v in_o one_o act_n but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v modify_v and_o lesten_z the_o penalty_n within_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n novemb_n 29._o 〈◊〉_d dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n nic._n contro_fw-la sir_n john_n scot_n contra_fw-la barns_n contravention_n be_v not_o find_v pursuable_a before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n otherways_o the_o decreet_a thereof_o will_v be_v null_a by_o exception_n july_n 6._o 1611._o kennedy_n taylzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la kennedy_n of_o garriehorn_n yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v where_o the_o matter_n be_v small_a and_o the_o party_n poor_a march_v 12._o 1622._o blair_n contra_fw-la marshel_n in_o contravention_n the_o king_n advocate_n must_v concur_v for_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o he_o can_v insist_v alone_o as_o when_o the_o private_a party_n have_v discharge_v the_o deed_n even_o after_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o cause_n hope_v entro_fw-la forrest_n contra_fw-la malcolm_n turnbul_n title_n x._o obligation_n conventional_a by_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o conventional_a obligation_n 2._o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n desire_v resolution_n and_o engagement_n and_o their_o effect_n 3._o pollicitation_n or_o offer_n and_o its_o effect_n 4._o promise_n 5._o contract_n in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n valid_a 6._o paction_n and_o how_o word_n be_v obligatory_a 7._o naked_a paction_n 8._o
call_v in_o law_n facere_fw-la ut_fw-la des_fw-fr or_o otherways_o may_v be_v exchange_v for_o the_o like_a use_n profit_n or_o work_v neither_o have_v this_o a_o proper_a name_n but_o be_v call_v facere_fw-la ut_fw-la facias_fw-la but_o if_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o thing_n deed_n or_o industry_n of_o person_n be_v exchange_v for_o money_n or_o other_o fugible_n it_o be_v call_v location_n and_o conduction_n and_o last_o if_o the_o contract_n be_v not_o to_o exchange_v total_o thing_n use_n or_o work_v for_o the_o like_a but_o to_o communicate_v they_o together_o where_o there_o be_v a_o exchange_n in_o part_n there_o arise_v the_o contract_n of_o society_n in_o which_o sometime_o money_n or_o thing_n by_o the_o society_n be_v communicate_v and_o the_o property_n constitute_v in_o the_o society_n without_o division_n or_o sometime_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n or_o money_n be_v by_o the_o society_n communicate_v on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o money_n on_o the_o other_o so_o that_o the_o property_n of_o the_o one_o money_n remain_v his_o own_o and_o the_o profit_n become_v common_a or_o there_o may_v be_v communication_n of_o work_n with_o money_n or_o work_v with_o work_n though_o these_o be_v the_o most_o ordinar_n contract_n among_o man_n yet_o there_o be_v as_o many_o variety_n as_o the_o conjunction_n or_o variety_n of_o these_o thing_n in_o the_o various_a use_n or_o humour_n of_o man_n can_v make_v up_o as_o the_o contract_n of_o assurance_n where_o money_n or_o thing_n be_v give_v for_o the_o hazard_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n whether_o it_o be_v good_n or_o person_n we_o shall_v only_o then_o touch_v the_o common_a requisite_n first_o of_o all_o contract_n and_o next_o the_o specialty_n of_o the_o prime_n unto_o which_o law_n or_o custom_n have_v give_v a_o special_a nature_n that_o by_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o agreement_n therein_o all_o the_o obligation_n interest_n and_o consequence_n thence_o arise_v be_v know_v common_o and_o presume_v and_o as_o effectual_a as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o express_v without_o necessity_n to_o dispute_v precise_o what_o reason_n and_o equity_n will_v conclude_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v do_v or_o say_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o only_a profitable_a distinction_n betwixt_o contract_n nominate_v and_o innominate_v for_o in_o all_o contract_n not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v express_v must_v be_v perform_v but_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_o consequent_a and_o employ_v but_o in_o nominate_v contract_n law_n have_v determine_v these_o implication_n we_o shall_v therefore_o speak_v special_o of_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n commission_n custody_n pledge_v excambion_n sale_n location_n and_o contract_n usurary_n and_o society_n transaction_n may_v well_o be_v number_v among_o mutual_a onerous_a contract_n for_o thereby_o either_o party_n quit_v a_o part_n of_o what_o he_o claim_v for_o shun_v the_o hazard_n and_o expense_n of_o law_n which_o be_v a_o useful_a mean_n to_o terminat_fw-la plea_n the_o law_n of_o this_o and_o most_o nation_n observe_v the_o same_o unviolable_o and_o will_v not_o admit_v the_o recall_v thereof_o upon_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v pretend_v from_o new_a discovery_n of_o the_o party_n right_n as_o find_v of_o write_v or_o witness_v but_o if_o nothing_o be_v abate_v there_o be_v no_o transaction_n and_o therefore_o a_o bond_n for_o a_o sum_n for_o which_o the_o party_n be_v under_o caption_n be_v without_o any_o abatement_n be_v find_v no_o transaction_n july_n 13._o 1668._o thomas_n rew_n contra_fw-la houstoun_n neither_o be_v payment_n make_v pendent_fw-la processu_fw-la without_o abatement_n find_v a_o transaction_n january_n 8._o 1673._o sir_n james_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la robison_n neither_o be_v transaction_n infer_v by_o grant_v a_o bond_n for_o account_n for_o which_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o bond_n be_v arrest_v unless_o a_o lesser_a sum_n have_v be_v accept_v than_o what_o be_v claim_v by_o the_o account_n here_o the_o instructinos_fw-la of_o the_o account_n be_v not_o give_v up_o nor_o a_o discharge_v thereof_o but_o a_o obligement_n to_o give_v a_o general_n discharge_v upon_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n contain_v in_o the_o bond_n february_n 18._o 1680._o mr._n andrew_n burnet_n contra_fw-la john_n ewing_n 13._o for_o the_o common_a requisite_n and_o property_n of_o contract_n first_o they_o must_v be_v deed_n of_o the_o rational_a appetitte_n or_o will_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v can_v only_o constitute_v right_n therefore_o the_o consent_n of_o infant_n can_v work_v nothing_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o though_o equity_n keep_v not_o one_o time_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o reason_n but_o take_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o true_o it_o be_v which_o in_o some_o be_v much_o soon_o and_o in_o some_o much_o late_a yet_o positive_a law_n follow_v that_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o stability_n sake_n fix_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o pupilarity_n which_o in_o man_n be_v fourteen_o and_o in_o woman_n twelve_o year_n of_o age_n so_o neither_o infant_n idiot_n nor_o furious_a person_n except_o in_o their_o lucide_n interval_n can_v contract_v this_o be_v to_o be_v cognosce_v by_o a_o inquest_n upon_o a_o brief_a of_o the_o chancellary_n call_v the_o brief_a of_o idiotry_n which_o be_v main_o for_o appoint_v the_o near_a agnat_n to_o be_v tutor_n to_o such_o and_o the_o deed_n of_o idiot_n be_v not_o only_o void_a after_o this_o inquest_n but_o after_o their_o idiotry_n or_o furiosity_n when_o ever_o it_o begin_v which_o therefore_o must_v be_v cognosce_v yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v by_o reduction_n without_o a_o brief_a at_o the_o furious_a person_n instance_n convalesce_v february_n 21._o 1531._o elizabeth_n alexander_n contra_fw-la kinneir_n and_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o furious_a person_n heir_n for_o anull_v a_o assignation_n july_n 28._o 1638._o james_n loch_n contra_fw-la william_n dyke_n but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v competent_a by_o exception_n spot_n idiot_n crawford_n contra_fw-la kinneir_n furiosity_n take_v away_o the_o escheat_n of_o these_o as_o self-murtherer_n be_v then_o furious_a hope_n horn_v robert_n ripe_v contra_fw-la william_n wauchop_n second_o these_o also_o who_o through_o fear_n or_o drunkenness_n or_o disease_n have_v not_o for_o the_o time_n the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o contract_n three_o these_o who_o err_v in_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v do_v contract_v not_o we_o shall_v not_o here_o debate_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o extortion_n error_n or_o circumvention_n what_o influence_n they_o have_v upon_o contract_n but_o refer_v that_o to_o the_o former_a title_n these_o who_o be_v deaf_a or_o dumb_a may_v contract_v if_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n if_o it_o appear_v they_o understand_v what_o be_v do_v and_o express_v their_o consent_n by_o their_o ordinary_a know_a sign_n and_o last_o positive_a law_n for_o utility_n sake_n have_v disable_v minor_n have_v curator_n to_o contract_n without_o their_o consent_n like_o unto_o these_o be_v person_n interdict_a of_o which_o before_o this_o much_o for_o requisite_a in_o the_o person_n contract_n second_o in_o the_o act_n of_o contract_n it_o must_v be_v of_o purpose_n to_o oblige_v either_o real_o or_o presumptive_o and_o so_o must_v be_v serious_a so_o that_o what_o be_v express_v in_o jest_n or_o scorn_n make_v no_o contract_n three_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o contract_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n in_o our_o power_n in_o their_o kind_n and_o so_o contract_v of_o impossibility_n be_v void_a and_o contract_v in_o thing_n unlawful_a be_v also_o void_a but_o though_o the_o particular_a thing_n be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n and_o be_v not_o manifest_o impossible_a the_o contract_n be_v obligator_n and_o albeit_o it_o can_v obtain_v its_o effect_n upon_o that_o thing_n it_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o equivalent_a as_o damnage_v and_o interest_n contract_n may_v intervene_v where_o there_o intercee_v a_o natural_a and_o obediential_a obligation_n where_o it_o have_v this_o use_n to_o declare_v and_o express_v the_o natural_a obligation_n to_o avoid_v debate_n thereupon_o but_o the_o proper_a matter_n of_o contract_n be_v thing_n free_a and_o the_o declaration_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o necessary_a duty_n may_v be_v free_a though_o the_o duty_n itself_o be_v necessary_a yet_o where_o obediential_a and_o conventional_a obligation_n be_v concur_v they_o be_v both_o obligator_n 14._o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o permutative_a contract_n that_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o contracter_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o equality_n in_o the_o worth_n and_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n fruit_n or_o work_n interchange_v the_o value_n be_v regulate_v according_a to_o the_o common_a esteem_n and_o custom_n of_o man_n in_o every_o place_n and_o its_o liquidat_n or_o know_v by_o money_n or_o some_o fungible_a like_a unto_o money_n as_o suggar_n
that_o no_o hurt_n follow_v and_o that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v it_o up_o february_n 14._o 1665._o town_n of_o edinburgh_n contra_fw-la sir_n william_n thomson_n but_o a_o office_n of_o a_o sheriff_n clerk_n be_v not_o find_v extinct_a by_o his_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o a_o debt_n or_o be_v sometime_o out_o of_o the_o country_n have_v power_n of_o deputation_n february_n 6._o 1666._o archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la commissar_n clerk_n of_o dumsreis_n the_o office_n of_o a_o commissar_n do_v also_o import_v as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n that_o the_o commissar_n be_v qualify_v to_o discharge_v the_o office_n in_o his_o own_o person_n though_o he_o have_v depute_n see_v he_o must_v answer_v for_o and_o over-rule_v his_o depute_n february_n 14._o 1666._o arch._n bishop_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la commissar_n of_o glasgow_n where_o it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o by_o the_o commissar_n instruction_n they_o must_v reside_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o commissariot_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o deprivation_n notwithstanding_o the_o common_a custom_n in_o the_o contrary_a which_o only_o excuse_v from_o by-gone_a fault_n 45._o trust_n be_v also_o among_o mandate_n or_o commission_n though_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o depositation_n see_v the_o right_o be_v in_o custody_n of_o the_o person_n entrust_v mandatar_n in_o the_o law_n can_v not_o oblige_v the_o mandator_n or_o direct_o acquire_v to_o he_o but_o they_o can_v only_o oblige_v themselves_o and_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o and_o thereafter_o transmit_v to_o the_o mandator_n and_o that_o because_o in_o most_o contract_n thereby_o the_o person_n contracter_n behove_v immediate_o to_o act_n and_o no_o person_n interpose_v which_o our_o custom_n regard_v not_o and_o therefore_o mandatar_n may_v act_v in_o their_o own_o name_n in_o which_o case_n the_o right_a whether_o real_a or_o personal_a stand_v in_o their_o person_n as_o he_o who_o by_o commission_n acquire_v land_n or_o good_n in_o his_o own_o name_n the_o real_a right_o thereof_o be_v in_o his_o person_n and_o there_o lie_v a_o obligation_n upon_o he_o if_o he_o be_v commissionat_a to_o transmit_v they_o to_o his_o constituent_n but_o he_o may_v also_o acquire_v transact_v or_o contract_n in_o name_n of_o the_o constituent_a in_o which_o case_n the_o real_a right_n stand_v immediate_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o mandator_n and_o the_o obligation_n constitute_v he_o creditor_n and_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n betwixt_o the_o mandatar_n and_o the_o three_o party_n nor_o be_v the_o mandatar_a oblige_v to_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v commission_n but_o that_o be_v upon_o his_o hazard_n who_o act_v with_o he_o unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o his_o oath_n or_o write_v and_o therefore_o a_o servant_n though_o by_o a_o ticket_n he_o acknowledge_v he_o have_v take_v off_o such_o furniture_n for_o his_o master_n use_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o pay_v or_o to_o instruct_v his_o warrant_n especial_o after_o his_o master_n death_n but_o the_o warrant_n be_v presume_v as_o know_v to_o the_o merchand_n november_n 17._o 1665._o howison_n contra_fw-la cockburn_n trust_v in_o the_o right_n of_o land_n sum_n or_o good_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o another_o do_v frequent_o occur_v and_o because_o fraud_n be_v ordinary_o in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a by_o write_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o trustié_fw-fr but_o witness_n be_v examine_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n february_n 22._o 1665._o viscount_n of_o kingstoun_n conira_o colonel_n fullertoun_n february_n 6._o 1669._o rule_n contra_fw-la rule_n february_n 24._o 1669._o earl_n of_o annandale_n contra_fw-la young_a june_n 19_o 1669._o scot_n contra_fw-la langtoun_n and_o trust_n be_v find_v probable_a by_o presumption_n only_o january_n 12._o 1666._o executor_n of_o william_n stevinson_n contra_fw-la james_n crawford_n january_n 22._o 1673._o janet_n watson_n contra_fw-la mr._n 〈◊〉_d bruce_n but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v prove_v by_o a_o declaration_n upon_o deathbed_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n november_n 26._o 1674._o william_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la stirling_n of_o airdoch_n but_o a_o person_n entrust_v in_o a_o disposition_n of_o land_n have_v compon_v for_o the_o intrusters_n debt_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o interest_n to_o burden_v the_o intruster_n with_o more_o than_o what_o he_o true_o pay_v out_o november_n 15._o 1667._o james_n maxwel_o contra_fw-la adam_n maxwel_n neither_o be_v a_o person_n entrust_v for_o payment_n of_o the_o intrusters_n creditor_n find_v to_o have_v power_n to_o prefer_v they_o to_o the_o more_o timeous_a diligence_n of_o other_o by_o inhibition_n or_o apprize_v though_o only_o do_v against_o the_o intruster_n july_n 24._o 1669._o crawford_n contra_fw-la anderson_n and_o a_o person_n receive_v money_n to_o buy_v good_n for_o another_o but_o have_v buy_v and_o receive_v they_o in_o his_o own_o name_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o truster_n the_o property_n thereof_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o person_n entrust_v and_o his_o creditor_n arrest_v be_v prefer_v january_n 24._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la robertson_n and_o fleming_n yet_o trust_v in_o sum_n or_o personal_a right_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n entrust_v be_v find_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v confirm_v as_o in_o bonis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o entrust_v person_n but_o that_o the_o trust_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o the_o debtor_n and_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n of_o the_o person_n entrust_v june_n 9_o 1669._o william_n streit_n contra_fw-la home_n of_o bruntfield_n but_o trust_v in_o a_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n find_v not_o to_o make_v the_o person_n entrust_v liable_a for_o omission_n but_o only_o for_o intromission_n december_n 18._o 1666._o charles_n cass_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n wat._n the_o like_a in_o a_o assignation_n in_o trust_n which_o be_v not_o find_v to_o infer_v a_o obliegment_n to_o do_v diligence_n if_o the_o assignay_n be_v not_o require_v either_o to_o do_v diligence_n or_o denude_v but_o he_o have_v transfer_v without_o warrant_n be_v find_v liable_a for_o the_o sum_n albeit_o he_o offer_v to_o procure_v a_o reposition_n july_n 18._o 1672._o janet_n watson_n contra_fw-la mr._n walter_n bruce_n and_o a_o assignay_n in_o trust_n that_o the_o sum_n may_v be_v include_v in_o his_o apprize_a give_v back-bond_n to_o be_v comptable_a in_o case_n of_o payment_n have_v dispone_v the_o apprize_a without_o reservation_n be_v find_v liable_a for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o sum_n entrust_v as_o may_v have_v be_v recover_v january_n 5._o 1575._o earl_n of_o northesk_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o pitarro_n trust_v be_v infer_v by_o a_o grandfather_n deliver_v of_o a_o disposition_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o his_o grandchild_n the_o disponer_n at_o the_o delivery_n have_v not_o express_v the_o term_n of_o the_o trust_n or_o his_o design_n and_o have_v recall_v and_o receive_v back_o the_o disposition_n and_o dispone_v the_o half_a of_o the_o land_n therein_o to_o another_o it_o be_v thence_o find_v that_o the_o disposition_n be_v not_o absolute_a and_o irrevockable_a but_o be_v entrust_v to_o that_o three_o party_n to_o be_v recall_v if_o the_o disponer_n please_v or_o otherways_o to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o oye_n january_n 25._o 1677._o janet_n ker_n contra_fw-la niman_n ker._n when_o trust_n be_v refer_v to_o party_n oath_n whether_o such_o a_o right_o stand_v in_o their_o person_n be_v in_o trust_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o another_o they_o use_v common_o to_o depone_n that_o it_o be_v to_o their_o own_o behoof_n which_o be_v find_v dubious_a and_o fallacious_a what_o the_o meaning_n of_o such_o word_n be_v special_a interrogator_n be_v allow_v to_o expiscat_fw-la the_o truth_n and_o party_n use_v to_o reexamined_a thereupon_o as_o whether_o the_o deponent_n mean_v by_o these_o word_n that_o the_o right_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n and_o not_o to_o another_o be_v only_a that_o he_o give_v no_o promise_n or_o back-bond_n to_o apply_v the_o right_n or_o benefit_n thereof_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n to_o another_o or_o whether_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o design_n be_v that_o the_o other_o put_v he_o upon_o acquire_v that_o right_n be_v a_o gift_n of_o nonentry_n of_o land_n buy_v by_o that_o other_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a benefit_n shall_v not_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o acquirer_n himself_o for_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o he_o will_v put_v another_o upon_o take_v gift_n of_o nonentry_n of_o the_o land_n himself_o have_v buy_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o the_o full_a extent_n which_o be_v so_o acknowledge_v the_o gift_n be_v find_v so_o far_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o buyer_n that_o the_o seller_n by_o the_o warrandice_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o for_o the_o nonentry_n than_o the_o acquir_a of_o the_o nonentry_n give_v true_o for_o it_o see_v the_o buyer_n have_v commune_v with_o the_o superior_a and_o bring_v the_o nonentry_n to_o
law_n reject_v pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la which_o we_o call_v a_o clause_n irritant_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o the_o debt_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o such_o a_o time_n the_o reversion_n shall_v be_v void_a our_o custom_n do_v not_o annul_v such_o clause_n but_o by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la november_n 27._o 1592._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o lord_n will_v decide_v in_o all_o clause_n irritant_fw-la in_o infeftment_n bond_n and_o tack_n according_a to_o the_o express_a word_n and_o meaning_n thereof_o precise_o yet_o the_o lord_n allow_v such_o clause_n to_o be_v purge_v by_o performance_n before_o sentence_n declare_v the_o clause_n irritant_fw-la commit_v in_o which_o process_n though_o it_o be_v commit_v long_o before_o yet_o by_o payment_n at_o the_o bar_n it_o will_v be_v purge_v even_o though_o the_o party_n after_o the_o irritancy_n get_v possession_n hope_n clause_n irritant_fw-la john_n edgar_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o earlestoun_n yea_o though_o the_o wodsetter_n have_v obtain_v a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v two_o year_n after_o the_o failzie_a against_o which_o reposition_n be_v grant_v pay_v all_o damnage_n and_o interest_n july_n 8._o 1636._o cleghorn_n contra_fw-la ferguson_n and_o albeit_o the_o money_n be_v not_o ready_a to_o purge_v at_o the_o bar_n so_o that_o the_o failzie_n be_v declare_v yet_o it_o be_v supercee_v extract_n for_o a_o time_n that_o it_o may_v be_v purge_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n february_n 7._o 1628._o pringle_n contra_fw-la ker._n but_o where_o the_o requisition_n be_v on_o nine_o score_n day_n there_o be_v no_o time_n grant_v after_o the_o decreet_a to_o purge_v july_n 19_o 1625._o nairn_n contra_fw-la naper_n this_o clause_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o it_o be_v elide_v by_o the_o wodsetters_n possession_n of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o thereby_o get_v a_o part_n of_o the_o annualrent_a march_v 18._o 1629._o barcley_n contra_fw-la stevinson_n the_o like_a by_o accept_v of_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a after_o failzie_n hope_n clause_n irritant_fw-la nasmith_n contra_fw-la kinloch_n the_o like_a by_o payment_n of_o annualrent_n or_o by_o compensation_n therewith_o ibid._n barns_n contra_fw-la barcley_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n and_o our_o custom_n be_v because_o impignoration_n be_v a_o permutative_a contract_n wherein_o equality_n be_v mean_v and_o require_v and_o clause_n irritant_fw-la be_v redact_v to_o equality_n respect_n be_v not_o have_v to_o the_o term_n and_o expression_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o to_o the_o thing_n true_o do_v and_o therefore_o though_o sale_n of_o land_n with_o reversion_n be_v express_v yet_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o competent_a equivalent_a price_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o real_a and_o proper_a sale_n but_o only_o a_o wodset_n under_o that_o conception_n the_o clause_n irritant_fw-la have_v no_o further_a effect_n than_o be_v before_o express_v but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o true_a sale_n and_o competent_a price_n the_o clause_n irritant_fw-la be_v not_o penal_a but_o have_v its_o full_a effect_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v still_o purgeable_a till_o declarator_n which_o therefore_o be_v necessary_a even_o though_o the_o clause_n irritant_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o reversion_n shall_v be_v null_a without_o declarator_n for_o the_o remee_n of_o the_o exorbitancy_n of_o such_o clause_n irritant_fw-la 61._o impignoration_n be_v either_o express_a by_o the_o explicit_a consent_n of_o party_n or_o implicit_a which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n without_o consent_n of_o party_n of_o such_o tacit_a hypothecation_n there_o have_v be_v many_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o in_o the_o ware_n for_o the_o price_n in_o house_n for_o expense_n in_o preservation_n or_o melioration_n or_o for_o money_n lend_v for_o that_o use_n to_o a_o wife_n in_o the_o good_n of_o her_o husband_n for_o her_o tocher_n to_o pupil_n and_o minor_n in_o the_o good_n of_o their_o tutor_n and_o curator_n for_o their_o duty_n and_o administration_n to_o pupil_n in_o the_o good_n of_o their_o mother_n be_v their_o tutrix_n or_o in_o the_o good_n of_o her_o second_o husband_n if_o she_o do_v not_o make_v a_o account_n and_o procure_v a_o new_a tutor_n before_o her_o marriage_n to_o legator_n in_o the_o good_n of_o executor_n to_o the_o fisk_n for_o their_o tribute_n or_o their_o contract_n to_o city_n in_o the_o good_n of_o their_o administrator_n but_o our_o custom_n have_v take_v away_o express_a hypothecation_n of_o all_o or_o a_o part_n of_o the_o debtor_n good_n without_o delivery_n and_o in_o the_o tacit_a legal_a hypothecation_n have_v only_o allow_v a_o few_o allow_v ordinary_o party_n to_o be_v prefer_v according_a to_o the_o priority_n of_o their_o legal_a diligence_n that_o commerce_n may_v be_v the_o more_o sure_a and_o every_o one_o may_n more_o easy_o know_v his_o condition_n with_o who_o he_o contract_v and_o therefore_o good_n sell_v be_v not_o find_v under_o any_o hypothecation_n for_o the_o price_n june_n 14._o 1676._o thomas_n cushney_n contra_fw-la john_n crystie_n yet_o with_o we_o there_o remain_v the_o tacit_a hypothecation_n of_o the_o fruit_n on_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o they_o not_o satisfy_v the_o good_n on_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o possessor_n for_o the_o term_n or_o the_o year_n when_o the_o crop_v be_v on_o the_o ground_n but_o not_o for_o prior_n or_o past_a year_n and_o therefore_o all_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o their_o assigney_n have_v right_o to_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n have_v interest_n to_o recover_v the_o rent_n thereof_o from_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o fruit_n rent_n or_o profit_n thereof_o though_o upon_o a_o title_n unless_o their_o title_n be_v preferable_a or_o at_o least_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n this_o be_v extend_v to_o intromettor_n though_o they_o buy_v the_o corn_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o public_a mercat_n at_o zule_n albeit_o the_o heretor_fw-la have_v poynd_v a_o part_n of_o the_o crop_n for_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o prior_n year_n unless_o at_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n candlemas_n there_o be_v sufficient_a fruit_n on_o the_o ground_n to_o satisfy_v the_o rent_n march_v 29._o 1639._o da_z marry_o hay_o contra_fw-la archibald_n elliot_n second_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o intromettor_n with_o the_o crop_v and_o good_n of_o the_o ground_n though_o they_o lawful_o poynd_v the_o same_o from_o the_o tenant_n for_o their_o just_a debt_n nic._n in_o quibus_fw-la causis_fw-la pignus_fw-la etc._n etc._n earl_n of_o wintoun_n contra_fw-la barcley_n unless_o they_o leave_v as_o much_o upon_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v satisfy_v the_o rent_n beside_o the_o household_n stuff_n july_n 25._o 1623._o february_n 3._o 1624._o hay_o contra_fw-la keith_n the_o like_a wherein_o the_o present_a crop_v be_v not_o account_v but_o leave_v for_o the_o subsequent_a rent_n of_o which_o the_o term_n be_v not_o come_v june_n 29._o 1624._o polwart_n contra_fw-la three_o it_o be_v extend_v that_o thereby_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v summary_o stop_v poind_v unless_o sufficient_a good_n be_v leave_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n beside_o the_o plenish_n of_o the_o house_n february_n 3._o 1624._o arrocks_n bairn_n contra_fw-la keith_n four_o this_o be_v extend_v against_o the_o donatar_n of_o the_o tenant_n escheat_n intromet_v thereby_o who_o be_v find_v liable_a though_o no_o action_n be_v move_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o seven_o year_n in_o the_o say_a case_n hay_o contra_fw-la keith_n the_o like_a be_v sustain_v as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o the_o possessor_n of_o house_n invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la for_o house-maile_n for_o all_o intromettor_n therewith_o be_v liable_a and_o the_o good_n may_v be_v stop_v from_o poind_v for_o the_o possessor_n debt_n without_o deforcement_n be_v invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la but_o this_o extend_v only_o to_o one_o year_n or_o two_o term_n mail_n december_n 7._o 1630._o dick_n contra_fw-la land_n but_o the_o hypothecation_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v great_a then_o of_o the_o tenant_n other_o good_n for_o the_o fruit_n be_v liable_a according_a to_o the_o value_n thereof_o for_o the_o rent_n though_o there_o remain_v other_o good_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v the_o rent_n on_o the_o ground_n see_v there_o remain_v not_o sufficient_a fruit_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o march_z ult_n 1624._o lady_n down_o and_o her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o down_n this_o hypothecation_n of_o the_o fruit_n for_o the_o rent_n be_v extend_v to_o a_o town_n set_v their_o custom_n even_o against_o the_o sub-tacksman_a not_o bind_v to_o the_o town_n who_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o tacksmans_n creditor_n in_o a_o double_a poynd_n january_n 31._o 1665._o anderson_n and_o proven_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n it_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o the_o seller_n of_o fish_v against_o the_o donatar_n of_o the_o tacks-mans_n escheat_n who_o be_v find_v liable_a to_o restore_v
find_v in_o a_o charge_n to_o the_o cautioner_n behoove_v against_o the_o cocaution_a july_n 27._o 1672._o joseph_n brodie_n contra_fw-la alexander_n keith_n june_n 28._o 1665._o monteith_n contra_fw-la anderson_n a_o cautioner_n in_o a_o suspension_n of_o a_o bond_n wherein_o there_o be_v five_o cautioner_n be_v distress_v and_o have_v pay_v and_o obtain_v assignation_n from_o the_o creditor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v access_n against_o the_o first_o four_o cautioner_n allow_v only_o his_o own_o five_o part_n febr._n 23._o 1671._o arnold_n of_o barncaple_n against_o gordoun_n of_o holm_n 97._o as_o caution_n so_o oath_n be_v accessary_a to_o all_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n not_o these_o declaratory_a oath_n which_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o discuss_n of_o right_n whereby_o all_o person_n be_v bind_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n upon_o oath_n as_o witness_n or_o as_o party_n against_o themselves_o in_o civil_a cause_n but_o promissory_a oath_n whereby_o they_o promise_v to_o observe_v or_o fulfil_v any_o thing_n active_a or_o passive_a never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o concern_v which_o oath_n there_o be_v no_o small_a matter_n of_o debate_n among_o lawyer_n what_o effect_n they_o have_v all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o so_o far_o as_o any_o promise_n can_v be_v effectual_a a_o promissory_a oath_n be_v valid_a and_o have_v this_o much_o of_o advantage_n that_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o more_o secure_a because_o he_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o debtor_n will_v be_v more_o observant_a of_o his_o oath_n then_o of_o his_o ordinary_a paction_n see_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n deserve_v a_o more_o attrocious_a judgement_n than_o any_o other_o god_n be_v call_v as_o a_o witness_n and_o judge_n which_o effect_v it_o have_v though_o adhibit_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o matter_n have_v a_o anterior_a obligation_n as_o obligation_n betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n in_o these_o thing_n in_o which_o they_o be_v mutual_o oblige_v or_o where_o there_o have_v precede_v or_o be_v conjoin_v a_o obligator_n contract_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v bind_v without_o a_o oath_n 2._o all_o do_v also_o agree_v that_o oath_n interpose_v in_o thing_n unlawful_a not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o obligator_n so_o no_o man_n justify_v herod_n for_o take_v john_n baptist_n head_n without_o cause_n upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o oath_n 3._o all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o matter_n free_a and_o in_o our_o own_o power_n as_o contract_n be_v obligator_n so_o also_o be_v oath_n the_o question_n than_o remain_v whether_o in_o act_n civiliter_fw-la inefficacious_a the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v give_v efficacy_n or_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o debito_fw-la modo_fw-la become_v valid_a by_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o impunge_v it_o and_o if_o that_o efficacy_n will_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o the_o swearer_n but_o to_o his_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o this_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o case_n and_o example_n debate_v among_o civilian_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n naked_a paction_n be_v not_o efficacious_a to_o ground_v any_o action_n upon_o quaeritur_fw-la whether_o if_o the_o paction_n be_v with_o a_o oath_n the_o creditor_n may_v not_o effectual_o pursue_v thereupon_o by_o law_n likeways_o the_o deed_n of_o minor_n have_v curator_n not_o consent_v be_v null_n but_o if_o the_o minor_n swear_v not_o to_o quarrel_v they_o quid_fw-la juris_fw-la minor_n laese_v have_v by_o law_n the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o if_o they_o do_v the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o quarrel_v it_o whether_o if_o they_o pursue_v to_o reduce_v it_o will_v they_o be_v exclude_v by_o their_o oath_n or_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v oblige_v personal_o for_o debt_n and_o swear_v to_o perform_v it_o or_o never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n whether_o yet_o she_o may_v defend_v herself_o with_o her_o privilege_n or_o if_o a_o woman_n land_n give_v she_o for_o security_n of_o her_o tocher_n donatione_fw-la propter_fw-la nuptias_fw-la be_v sell_v by_o her_o husband_n with_o her_o consent_n which_o the_o law_n declare_v null_a whether_o her_o oath_n interpose_v will_v validate_v it_o or_o if_o pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n will_v be_v valid_a or_o if_o a_o oath_n for_o performance_n will_v exclude_v the_o common_a exception_n of_o fear_n force_n or_o fraud_n and_o innumerable_a such_o case_n whereby_o positive_a law_n prohibit_v any_o act_n to_o be_v do_v or_o declare_v it_o void_a simple_o or_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o with_o such_o solemnity_n for_o clear_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n we_o be_v chief_o to_o consider_v quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la or_o what_o be_v the_o judge_n his_o duty_n in_o decide_v case_n wherein_o oath_n be_v interpose_v rather_o than_o what_o concern_v the_o party_n and_o the_o obligation_n upon_o their_o conscience_n by_o these_o oath_n in_o foro_fw-la poli_fw-fr and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v up_o the_o matter_n distinct_o in_o these_o ensue_a point_n first_o if_o a_o action_n be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o ground_n ineffectual_a in_o law_n albeit_o the_o defender_n have_v interpose_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o that_o which_o will_v not_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o judge_n though_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o object_n which_o be_v ineffectual_a of_o itself_o in_o that_o case_n the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v no_o effect_n as_o if_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o action_n be_v intent_a upon_o a_o promise_n or_o a_o naked_a paction_n with_o a_o oath_n interpose_v the_o action_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v albeit_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o appear_v shall_v not_o object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o naked_a paction_n or_o if_o a_o declarator_n shall_v be_v intent_a to_o declare_v pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la to_o be_v valid_a and_o effectual_a though_o it_o be_v libel_v that_o the_o other_o party_n do_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o the_o judge_n can_v not_o sustain_v such_o a_o action_n nor_o general_o can_v sustain_v any_o action_n which_o be_v unjust_a or_o irrelevant_a albeit_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v oppose_v but_o consent_v to_o simple_o or_o with_o a_o oath_n never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o because_o in_o such_o case_n pactis_fw-la privatorum_fw-la non_fw-la derogatur_fw-la juri_fw-la communi_fw-la the_o consent_n or_o oath_n of_o no_o party_n can_v make_v that_o just_a which_o be_v unjust_a nor_o can_v make_v that_o sufficient_a or_o effectual_a that_o be_v deficient_a in_o its_o essential_o as_o if_o any_o party_n shall_v grant_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v effectual_a for_o poind_v the_o ground_n without_o infeftment_n and_o shall_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a thereof_o if_o thereupon_o the_o obtainer_n shall_v pursue_v poind_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v sustain_v because_o these_o right_n be_v defective_a in_o their_o essential_o want_v infeftment_n and_o yet_o in_o these_o case_n if_o the_o party_n shall_v object_v or_o any_o way_n hinder_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o oath_n they_o contraveen_v the_o same_o but_o the_o judge_v not_o sustain_v the_o same_o do_v no_o wrong_n because_o his_o not_o sustain_v proceed_v upon_o a_o defect_n of_o a_o essential_a requisite_a and_o not_o because_o of_o any_o exception_n or_o objection_n of_o the_o party_n from_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v pursue_v or_o charge_v upon_o a_o bond_n for_o debt_n subscribe_v by_o she_o bear_v express_o she_o to_o be_v design_v a_o wife_n though_o it_o be_v condescend_v on_o that_o she_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o pursuit_n or_o charge_n because_o by_o the_o very_a action_n itself_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o summons_n or_o charge_n be_v irrelevant_a and_o contrair_a to_o law_n which_o declare_v a_o wife_n bond_n for_o debt_n ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n and_o therefore_o though_o she_o may_v be_v faulty_a in_o suspend_v or_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o engagement_n of_o her_o oath_n the_o lord_n do_v just_o reject_v such_o a_o irrelevant_a libel_n or_o charge_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o and_o catharine_n douglas_n feb._n 18._o 1663._o where_o her_o band_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la as_o be_v express_o grant_v by_o a_o wife_n though_o she_o judicial_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a or_o if_o the_o husband_n shall_v suspend_v and_o allege_v that_o such_o a_o obligation_n or_o oath_n can_v not_o be_v effectual_a against_o his_o good_n or_o the_o person_n
of_o his_o wife_n in_o his_o prejudice_n there_o can_v be_v neither_o wrong_n on_o his_o part_n nor_o on_o the_o judge_n part_n 2._o if_o either_o action_n or_o exception_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v not_o defective_a in_o essential_o but_o in_o circumstantial_o ordain_v and_o command_v by_o law_n the_o defect_n thereof_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o the_o other_o party_n consent_n much_o more_o by_o their_o oath_n and_o in_o that_o case_n quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la facta_fw-la valent_fw-la for_o every_o prohibition_n of_o law_n do_v not_o annul_v the_o deed_n do_v contrair_a thereto_o but_o infer_v the_o penalty_n of_o law_n upon_o the_o doer_n as_o tack_n of_o teind_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v set_v by_o prelate_n for_o long_a than_o nineteen_o year_n parl._n 1617._o cap._n 4._o yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o tack_v grant_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v not_o thereby_o null_a novemb_n 9_o 1624._o mr._n thomas_n hope_n contra_fw-la the_o minister_n of_o craighall_n so_o likeways_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n be_v prohibit_v to_o buy_v plea_n yet_o the_o right_o acquire_v thereto_o be_v not_o find_v thursday_n or_o process_n refuse_v thereupon_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o ground_n of_o deprivation_n june_n 5._o 1611._o adam_n cunningham_n advocate_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o drumcoultroun_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n be_v prescribe_v in_o law_n and_o all_o prohibit_v to_o proceed_v any_o other_o way_n so_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v public_o solemnize_v by_o a_o minister_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o paretn_n be_v require_v yet_o the_o want_n of_o these_o will_v not_o annul_v the_o marriage_n because_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a obligation_n which_o can_v receive_v its_o essential_o from_o positive_a law_n or_o statute_n whence_o it_o be_v just_o say_v mult_fw-la a_o impediunt_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la contrahendum_fw-la que_fw-la non_fw-la dirimunt_fw-la contractum_fw-la it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o prohibition_n of_o law_n that_o anull_v a_o act_n but_o the_o law_n must_v express_o annul_v it_o or_o at_o least_o declare_v such_o point_n as_o the_o essential_a requisite_n to_o such_o deed_n or_o right_n some_o deed_n be_v declare_v null_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o other_o be_v only_a anullable_n open_v exceptionis_fw-la or_o by_o way_n of_o restitution_n or_o at_o least_o where_o something_o in_o fact_n must_v be_v allege_v and_o prove_v which_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o right_n or_o deed_n itself_o and_o so_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o advert_v to_o but_o must_v be_v propon_v by_o the_o party_n in_o these_o a_o oath_n interpose_v do_v debar_v the_o swearer_n from_o propose_v or_o make_v use_n of_o such_o exception_n and_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o neither_o may_v the_o party_n just_o propone_v the_o same_o nor_o the_o judge_n just_o sustain_v the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n of_o themselves_o relevant_a and_o competent_a in_o law_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v exclude_v by_o a_o personal_a objection_n against_o the_o proponer_n for_o in_o many_o case_n allegeance_n competent_a to_o party_n may_v be_v renounce_v so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v relevant_a that_o personal_a objection_n will_v exclude_v the_o proponer_n but_o his_o oath_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o his_o renunciation_n and_o therefore_o see_v such_o point_n be_v not_o part_n judicis_fw-la nor_o consistent_a in_o any_o intrinsic_a nullity_n or_o defect_n though_o the_o law_n allow_v or_o prescribe_v they_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o mention_n or_o express_v that_o though_o the_o party_n in_o who_o favour_n they_o be_v introduce_v renunce_v they_o simple_o or_o with_o a_o oath_n that_o these_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v just_o to_o be_v repel_v be_v in_o detrimentum_fw-la animae_fw-la of_o the_o proponer_n this_o ground_n solve_v most_o of_o the_o case_n before_o proponed_a for_o if_o a_o minor_a pursue_v restitution_n upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n his_o oath_n to_o perform_v or_o not_o to_o quarrel_v the_o deed_n in_o question_n exclude_v he_o both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n by_o the_o authentic_a sacramenta_fw-la puberum_fw-la spontefacta_fw-la super_fw-la contractibus_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la non_fw-la retractandis_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la vend_fw-mi it_o be_v so_o decide_v in_o a_o obligement_n by_o a_o minor_a to_o quit_v twenty_o chalder_n of_o victual_n provide_v in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n january_n 15._o 1634._o sir_n robert_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n seatoun_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o oath_n be_v valide_fw-la though_o not_o judicial_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o a_o minor_a have_v give_v a_o bond_n for_o his_o father_n debt_n who_o he_o represent_v not_o and_o be_v swear_v not_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n the_o same_o be_v not_o reduce_v upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n february_n 10._o 1672._o mr._n george_n waugh_n contra_fw-la bailzie_n of_o dunraget_n upon_o this_o same_o ground_n a_o minor_a have_v curator_n not_o consent_v swear_v to_o perform_v his_o obligation_n or_o never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n his_o exception_n of_o its_o be_v null_n because_o it_o consist_v in_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v minor_a and_o that_o he_o have_v curator_n may_v just_o be_v repel_v and_o he_o exclude_v from_o propon_v thereof_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o oath_n see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o part_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o know_v or_o advert_v thereto_o but_o his_o curator_n who_o have_v not_o swear_v may_v yea_o must_v propone_v that_o nullity_n because_o they_o have_v not_o swear_v on_o this_o ground_n likeways_o the_o exception_n or_o reason_n of_o reduction_n upon_o force_n or_o fear_n be_v exclude_v if_o the_o party_n have_v swear_v to_o perform_v or_o not_o quarrel_v the_o deed_n which_o be_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n not_o only_o as_o to_o wife_n consent_n to_o the_o alienation_n of_o land_n give_v to_o they_o donatione_fw-la propter_fw-la nuptias_fw-la which_o be_v both_o null_n and_o presume_v to_o be_v grant_v upon_o her_o fear_n or_o reverence_n of_o her_o husband_n c._n licet_fw-la mulieris_fw-la l._n 6._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la c._n cum_fw-la continget_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la whereby_o such_o consent_n and_o oath_n be_v interpose_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v valide_fw-la but_o general_o that_o no_o deed_n have_v a_o oath_n interpose_v can_v be_v recall_v upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o force_n and_o fear_n c._n 3_o &_o 4._o de_fw-fr iis_fw-la quae_fw-la vim_o metumve_fw-la albeit_o the_o pope_n assume_v to_o himself_o liberty_n to_o absolve_v from_o such_o oath_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o fear_n yet_o they_o be_v declare_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v valide_fw-la which_o our_o custom_n follow_v and_o be_v so_o decide_v parl._n 1481._o cap._n 83._o and_o be_v so_o decide_v by_o the_o lord_n july_n 4._o 1642._o agnes_n grant_v contra_fw-la balvaird_n where_o a_o wife_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o reduction_n of_o the_o alienation_n of_o her_o liferent_a land_n super_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o metu_fw-la because_o she_o have_v judicial_o ratify_v the_o same_o and_o swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a neither_o be_v it_o respect_v that_o the_o oath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o disposition_n be_v by_o force_n and_o fear_n this_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o all_o public_a transaction_n betwixt_o different_a party_n and_o nation_n where_o ofttimes_o the_o one_o party_n be_v induce_v through_o fear_n to_o that_o which_o otherways_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o and_o yet_o both_o party_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n interpose_v so_o the_o oath_n of_o israel_n to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n be_v bind_v upon_o they_o though_o thereby_o the_o people_n of_o god_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o heathen_a king_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v accuse_v by_o jeremiah_n for_o breach_n thereof_o and_o likewise_o for_o break_v the_o oath_n to_o their_o servant_n who_o they_o manumit_v upon_o mere_a necessity_n for_o their_o defence_n from_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o exception_n or_o reason_n of_o reduction_n upon_o deception_n fraud_n or_o circumvention_n be_v exclude_v if_o a_o oath_n be_v interpose_v whereof_o we_o have_v the_o most_o eminent_a example_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o purposely_o deceive_v and_o circumveen_v they_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v a_o people_n far_o off_o though_o they_o be_v of_o the_o hivites_n who_o israel_n be_v command_v utter_o to_o destroy_v against_o which_o judicial_a precept_n they_o be_v induce_v through_o error_n and_o deceit_n to_o swear_v the_o oath_n be_v bind_v on_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n and_o be_v punish_v upon_o saul_n for_o breach_n thereof_o from_o this_o instance_n we_o have_v occasion_n to_o return_v to_o the_o
last_o case_n whether_o oath_n be_v only_o personal_a obliege_v the_o swearer_n and_o so_o inherent_a to_o their_o person_n that_o they_o bind_v not_o their_o heir_n wherein_o some_o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a that_o even_o heir_n be_v oblige_v as_o be_v fictione_n juris_fw-la eadem_fw-la persona_fw-la cum_fw-la defuncto_fw-la which_o be_v also_o fortify_v by_o the_o punishment_n in_o the_o successor_n of_o israel_n in_o the_o day_n of_o saul_n but_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o the_o negative_a that_o heir_n be_v not_o oblige_v but_o only_o the_o person_n who_o swear_v which_o be_v the_o more_o common_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n civilian_n and_o canonist_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n infer_v the_o contrary_a because_o oath_n by_o society_n and_o incorporation_n continue_v not_o as_o to_o their_o heir_n but_o because_o the_o society_n die_v not_o and_o be_v ever_o the_o same_o especial_o in_o contract_n betwixt_o nation_n where_o the_o party_n intend_v not_o to_o oblige_v particular_a person_n then_o live_v but_o the_o nation_n neither_o do_v the_o fiction_n of_o law_n operate_v in_o this_o case_n for_o no_o position_n or_o fiction_n of_o law_n can_v either_o extend_v or_o abriege_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v alterius_fw-la &_o superioris_fw-la juris_fw-la there_o remain_v yet_o this_o objection_n that_o if_o oath_n be_v so_o effectual_a great_a inconvenience_n will_v follow_v a_o door_n be_v open_v to_o force_n and_o fraud_n for_o the_o same_o facility_n that_o party_n be_v induce_v to_o act_n they_o will_v be_v induce_v to_o confirm_v it_o by_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v answer_v in_o commodum_fw-la non_fw-la solvit_fw-la argumentum_fw-la which_o therefore_o be_v not_o regard_v in_o the_o case_n of_o agnes_n grant_n contra_fw-la balvaird_n but_o there_o may_v be_v a_o remeid_v by_o severe_a punishment_n upon_o party_n who_o shall_v induce_v other_o to_o swear_v to_o their_o own_o hurt_n which_o the_o prince_n may_v inflict_v and_o repair_v the_o damnage_n of_o the_o laesed_a it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o fear_n be_v such_o as_o stupifi_v and_o take_v away_o the_o act_n of_o reason_n there_o be_v nothing_o do_v because_o there_o can_v no_o contract_n in_o its_o substantial_o consist_v without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o party_n or_o if_o the_o deceit_n be_v in_o substantialibus_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v by_o mistake_n marry_n one_o woman_n for_o another_o there_o be_v nothing_o do_v but_o when_o a_o act_n of_o reason_n be_v exercise_v but_o upon_o motive_n by_o fear_n error_n or_o mistake_v the_o deed_n be_v in_o itself_o valid_a but_o annullable_n by_o the_o fear_n or_o fraud_n which_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o oath_n against_o which_o they_o can_v be_v allege_v by_o the_o party_n who_o have_v swear_v but_o may_v be_v propon_v by_o his_o heir_n executor_n or_o cautioner_n or_o any_o other_o have_v interest_n have_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o obligation_n before_o we_o go_v over_o to_o real_a right_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o touch_v the_o common_a consideration_n that_o fall_v into_o all_o or_o most_o obligation_n as_o to_o the_o implement_n or_o performance_n thereof_o viz._n delay_n interest_n profit_n time_n place_n and_o manner_n of_o performance_n 98._o delay_z or_o mora_fw-la be_v not_o that_o time_n which_o by_o the_o adjection_n of_o a_o day_n or_o condition_n or_o by_o law_n be_v allow_v to_o perform_v but_o that_o time_n which_o run_v after_o lawful_a delay_n be_v past_a and_o be_v the_o debtor_n fault_n in_o not_o perform_v his_o obligation_n so_o that_o it_o seldom_o make_v any_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n whereupon_o the_o obligation_n arise_v except_o penalty_n be_v adject_v in_o case_n of_o delay_n or_o a_o estimation_n make_v of_o the_o interest_n delay_n be_v incur_v in_o pure_a obligation_n by_o interpellation_n or_o requisition_n for_o when_o no_o term_n be_v prefix_v the_o option_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v the_o time_n of_o performance_n and_o though_o requisition_n be_v most_o clear_a and_o secure_a by_o instrument_n of_o a_o nottar_n and_o therefore_o verbal_a requisition_n by_o a_o merchant_n to_o a_o skipper_n to_o loose_v after_o the_o ship_n be_v loaden_v be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a without_o a_o instrument_n where_o the_o charter_n party_n have_v no_o definite_a term_n but_o to_o do_v diligence_n to_o transport_v the_o fraught_v february_n 14._o 1678._o david_n calderwood_n contra_fw-la james_n angus_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n that_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o be_v only_a emission_n of_o word_n it_o will_v only_o be_v probable_a by_o the_o debtor_n oath_n or_o write_v in_o obligation_n to_o a_o day_n delay_n be_v incur_v by_o the_o pass_n of_o the_o term_n nam_fw-la dies_fw-la interpellat_n pro_fw-la homine_fw-la in_o obligation_n conditional_a delay_n can_v be_v till_o the_o condition_n be_v purify_v and_o even_o then_o either_o requisition_n or_o a_o term_n be_v requisite_a for_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o obligation_n conditional_a to_o add_v a_o term_n also_o so_o that_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o condition_n make_v the_o conditional_a obligation_n to_o become_v pure_a and_o so_o requisition_n be_v to_o be_v use_v before_o delay_n if_o no_o term_n be_v express_v but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o party_n who_o can_v require_v or_o be_v require_v delay_n be_v incur_v if_o performance_n be_v not_o make_v so_o soon_o as_o it_o can_v be_v as_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o restitution_n of_o thing_n find_v or_o come_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o without_o contract_n which_o be_v seldom_o know_v to_o the_o owner_n so_o also_o in_o obligation_n due_a to_o pupil_n delay_n be_v incur_v without_o requisition_n l._n 1._o §_o ult_n de_fw-fr ujuris_fw-la and_o in_o obligation_n by_o delinquence_n delay_n be_v without_o requisition_n and_o run_v from_o the_o first_o time_n performance_n can_v be_v make_v till_o delay_v legal_a execution_n be_v not_o competent_a ordinary_o because_o none_o shall_v be_v pursue_v till_o he_o have_v fail_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o debtor_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o term_n to_o pay_v at_o the_o term_n as_o si_fw-la vergat_fw-la adinopiam_fw-la yea_o in_o remove_v it_o seem_v very_o expedient_a to_o pursue_v the_o party_n warn_v even_o before_o the_o term_n to_o remove_v at_o the_o term_n otherways_o the_o land_n can_v be_v safe_o set_v the_o tennent_n not_o know_v if_o other_o will_v remove_v willing_o and_o may_v not_o be_v uncertain_a in_o that_o point_n which_o be_v a_o public_a interest_n for_o set_v land_n and_o prevent_a waist_n but_o upon_o all_o obligation_n which_o be_v true_o contract_v the_o legal_a diligence_n of_o arrestment_n or_o inhibition_n may_v be_v use_v even_o before_o requisition_n or_o the_o term_n of_o performance_n the_o ordinar_n effect_n of_o delay_n be_v that_o when_o the_o obligation_n be_v to_o give_v or_o deliver_v any_o thing_n if_o it_o perish_v even_o without_o the_o debtor_n fault_n it_o perish_v to_o the_o debtor_n and_o must_v be_v make_v good_a to_o the_o creditor_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v have_v so_o perish_v with_o the_o creditor_n which_o seldom_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v because_o it_o be_v ordinary_o presume_v that_o if_o the_o thing_n have_v be_v deliver_v the_o creditor_n will_v have_v dispose_v of_o it_o and_o so_o be_v free_a of_o the_o hazard_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n for_o sale_n not_o for_o keep_v and_o if_o a_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o have_v dispose_v thereof_o 99_o the_o next_o effect_n of_o delay_n be_v the_o interest_n or_o damnage_n of_o the_o creditor_n for_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v perform_v within_o the_o due_a time_n and_o in_o due_a manner_n there_o be_v no_o interest_n if_o not_o after_o the_o delay_n incur_v by_o requisition_n or_o term_n it_o be_v in_o the_o creditor_n option_n to_o pursue_v for_o performance_n or_o for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n but_o in_o some_o case_n delay_n may_v be_v purge_v which_o be_v much_o in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la and_o be_v always_o grant_v in_o thing_n penal_a where_o the_o penalty_n be_v great_a and_o exceed_v the_o true_a interest_n as_o in_o nonpayment_n of_o few_o duty_n which_o infer_v loss_n of_o the_o few_o and_o in_o clause_n irritant_fw-la in_o wodset_n when_o delay_n be_v purge_v the_o hazard_n return_v upon_o the_o creditor_n and_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_a if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v deliver_v perish_v but_o if_o the_o creditor_n do_v again_o equire_v after_o the_o former_a delay_n be_v purge_v delay_n be_v again_o incur_v by_o that_o new_a requisition_n this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n 〈◊〉_d factiimprestabilis_fw-la subit_fw-la damnum_fw-la &_o interest_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n if_o the_o delay_n be_v wilful_a or_o fraudulent_a that_o the_o thing_n may_v become_v imprestable_a all_o personal_a execution_n by_o escheat_n and_o caption_n will_v proceed_v interest_n may_v either_o be_v
before_o show_v intrusion_n be_v where_o the_o entry_n be_v make_v in_o possession_n without_o violenc_n but_o without_o warrant_n or_o consent_n as_o ejection_n be_v by_o violence_n but_o these_o contrary_a act_n though_o unwarrantable_a yet_o they_o take_v away_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o mind_n 20._o possession_n then_o be_v lose_v by_o a_o contrary_a possession_n and_o it_o be_v interrupt_v by_o contrary_a act_n and_o attempt_n of_o possession_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o attain_v the_o effect_n to_o expulse_v it_o it_o be_v call_v also_o a_o trouble_a or_o disquiet_v possession_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v possess_v in_o solidum_fw-la by_o more_o than_o one_o either_o simple_o or_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o same_o right_n as_o there_o can_v be_v more_o proprietar_n than_o one_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n though_o one_o be_v superior_a and_o another_o vassal_n so_o more_o liferenter_n can_v possess_v in_o solidum_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o entry_n to_o possess_v that_o which_o be_v already_o possess_v must_v expulse_v the_o prior_n or_o else_o introduce_v a_o partial_a and_o common_a possession_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o contrary_a attempt_n or_o every_o act_n that_o expel_v a_o prior_n possession_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v violent_a the_o prior_n possessor_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o possessory_a judgement_n and_o may_v lawful_o use_v violence_n to_o continue_v possession_n which_o afterward_o he_o may_v not_o for_o recovery_n thereof_o when_o it_o be_v lose_v though_o unwarrantable_o or_o violent_o thus_o possession_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o but_o possession_n be_v simple_o lose_v when_o it_o be_v forsake_v and_o relinquish_v it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v when_o possession_n be_v detain_v by_o the_o mind_n and_o when_o relinquish_v wherein_o there_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o dereliction_n be_v not_o presume_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o evident_a declaratory_a act_n or_o circumstance_n as_o when_o it_o be_v throw_v away_o in_o any_o public_a place_n where_o it_o can_v but_o be_v take_v up_o or_o when_o another_o be_v suffer_v to_o possess_v without_o contradiction_n or_o when_o possessory_a act_n have_v be_v long_o abstain_v from_o all_o which_o conjecture_n be_v in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la 21._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o ordinary_a distinction_n of_o possession_n may_v be_v easy_o understand_v as_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a continue_v quiet_a and_o peaceable_a or_o interrupt_v and_o disturb_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a under_o which_o distinction_n be_v comprehend_v possessio_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la which_o may_v be_v call_v innocent_a possession_n and_o malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la or_o fraudulent_a and_o possession_n public_a and_o clandestine_v and_o long_a possession_n momentany_a or_o precarious_a 22._o to_o come_v to_o the_o right_o employ_v in_o possession_n it_o be_v main_o in_o two_o point_n first_o in_o the_o right_a to_o continue_v it_o against_o all_o illegal_a contrary_a act_n second_o the_o right_a of_o appropriation_n of_o the_o fruit_n consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la both_o these_o be_v introduce_v by_o positive_a law_n for_o utility_n sake_n for_o by_o equity_n any_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n recover_v the_o possession_n of_o that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o by_o force_n and_o all_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o whether_o extant_a or_o consume_v but_o civil_a society_n and_o magistracy_n be_v erect_v it_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o preservation_n thereof_o that_o possession_n may_v not_o be_v recover_v by_o violence_n but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o more_o allow_v to_o private_a force_n then_o to_o continue_v possession_n against_o contrary_n violent_a and_o clandestine_v act_n immediate_o after_o act_v of_o the_o former_a or_o notice_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o a_o violent_a clandestine_v and_o unlawful_a possession_n may_v not_o be_v trouble_v though_o there_o be_v a_o evident_a right_n much_o less_o may_v possession_n be_v enter_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_n in_o a_o party_n himself_o or_o his_o predecessor_n to_o who_o he_o be_v heir_n in_o that_o thing_n for_o as_o they_o be_v account_v as_o one_o person_n in_o law_n so_o their_o possession_n be_v account_v as_o one_o possession_n like_o unto_o this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o appearand_a heir_n to_o possess_v their_o predecessor_n rent_n though_o they_o be_v not_o infeft_v which_o will_v not_o only_a exoner_n the_o possessor_n but_o if_o the_o appearand_a heir_n die_v uninfeft_v his_o near_a of_o kin_n will_v have_v right_a to_o the_o rent_n rest_v from_o his_o predecessor_n death_n to_o his_o own_o death_n and_o these_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o high_a own_o proper_a debt_n albeit_o they_o will_v not_o affect_v the_o land_n itself_o but_o the_o next_o appearand_a heir_n must_v enter_v to_o the_o defunct_a last_o infeft_v and_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n will_v only_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o who_o he_o enter_v 23._o the_o other_o possessory_a right_n be_v that_o which_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la l._n certum_fw-la 22._o cod._n de_fw-fr rei_fw-la vindicatione_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o they_o who_o enjoy_v that_o which_o they_o think_v their_o own_o do_v consume_v the_o fruit_n thereof_o without_o expectation_n of_o repetition_n or_o account_n else_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o reserve_v they_o or_o employ_v they_o profitable_o for_o restitution_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quiet_a nor_o security_n to_o man_n mind_n who_o can_v call_v nothing_o secure_o their_o own_o if_o the_o event_n of_o a_o dubious_a right_o may_v make_v they_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o innocent_a possessor_n so_o it_o be_v in_o hatred_n of_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o other_o party_n not_o pursue_v his_o right_n 24._o this_o right_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o possessor_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la who_o do_v true_o think_v that_o which_o they_o possess_v to_o be_v their_o own_o and_o know_v not_o the_o right_a of_o any_o other_o but_o private_a knowledge_n upon_o information_n without_o legal_a diligence_n or_o other_o solemnity_n allow_v in_o law_n at_o least_o the_o private_a knowledge_n be_v certain_a be_v not_o regard_v nor_o do_v constitute_v the_o knower_n in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la march_v 14._o 1626._o nisbit_n contra_fw-la williamson_n but_o a_o mother_n be_v not_o find_v to_o enjoy_v this_o benefit_n in_o prejudice_n of_o her_o child_n there_o be_v several_a presumption_n of_o her_o knowledge_n of_o their_o right_n november_n 20._o 1662._o child_n of_o wolmet_n contra_fw-la lady_n wolmet_n and_o dankeith_n her_o husband_n in_o some_o case_n a_o citation_n and_o production_n of_o any_o other_o evident_o preferable_a right_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o possessor_n have_v no_o probable_a title_n but_o where_o he_o have_v a_o doubtful_a title_n mala_fw-la fides_fw-la be_v only_o induce_v by_o litiscontestation_n or_o sentence_n as_o in_o reduction_n whether_o the_o defender_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o by-gone_a profit_n from_o citation_n litiscontestation_n or_o decreet_a be_v in_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n july_n 11._o 1627._o pitmedden_n and_o the_o lord_n elphingstoun_n contra_fw-la smith_n the_o like_a in_o a_o tack_v reduce_v upon_o a_o failzie_a hope_n reduction_n seatoun_n contra_fw-la seatoun_n the_o like_a june_n 2._o 1610._o mr._n robert_n hunter_n contra_fw-la lord_n sanquhar_n the_o like_a as_o to_o a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v reduce_v and_o the_o violent_a profit_n find_v due_a only_o after_o litiscontestation_n in_o the_o reduction_n january_n 24._o 1611._o jousie_n contra_fw-la mortimer_n and_o find_v only_o to_o take_v effect_n after_o sentence_n in_o reduction_n of_o a_o apprize_a because_o the_o half_a of_o the_o of_o the_o sum_n be_v pay_v hope_n poind_v james_n lamb_n contra_fw-la smeatoun_n hepburn_n and_o though_o the_o possessor_n right_o be_v but_o a_o tack_v which_o fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o the_o setter_n 〈◊〉_d reduce_v in_o parliament_n yet_o the_o tacks-mans_n possession_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la be_v sustain_v though_o he_o need_v not_o to_o be_v call_v to_o the_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n see_v that_o on_o that_o decreet_a there_o be_v nothing_o do_v to_o make_v he_o know_v it_o or_o put_v he_o in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la july_n 19_o 1664._o elizabeth_n dowglas_n and_o longformacus_n her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburn_n upon_o this_o ground_n a_o adjudger_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o by-gone_a duty_n uplift_v by_o he_o to_o a_o prior_n appryzer_n who_o charge_v the_o superior_a to_o infeft_v he_o before_o the_o adjudication_n december_n 1._o 1632._o laird_n of_o kilkerran_n contra_fw-la ferguson_n this_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o profit_v uplift_v by_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o disposition_n though_o
any_o thing_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n as_o to_o the_o competition_n of_o infeftment_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n with_o prior_n base_a infeftment_n nor_o of_o the_o competition_n of_o one_o base_a infeftment_n with_o another_o yet_o custom_n since_o that_o statute_n have_v clear_v and_o determine_v the_o competition_n of_o public_a and_o base_a infeftment_n and_o have_v restrict_v this_o statute_n in_o some_o point_n and_o extend_v it_o in_o other_o first_o custom_n have_v prefer_v all_o public_a infeftment_n upon_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n or_o upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n to_o base_a infeftment_n though_o prior_n if_o the_o base_a infeftment_n have_v lie_v out_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o possession_n and_o likewise_o have_v prefer_v posterior_n base_a infeftment_n first_o clede_n with_o possession_n to_o prior_n base_a infeftment_n without_o possession_n especial_o in_o consideration_n that_o such_o base_a infeftment_n be_v fraudulent_a or_o simulat_fw-la retenta_fw-la possessione_n for_o the_o retain_v of_o possession_n be_v a_o pregnant_a ground_n of_o simulation_n not_o only_o of_o infeftment_n but_o many_o other_o right_n as_o when_o movable_n be_v dispone_v and_o deliver_v but_o present_o take_v back_o and_o the_o natural_a possession_n continue_v in_o the_o disponer_n though_o instrument_n be_v take_v upon_o the_o delivery_n yet_o other_o disposition_n or_o legal_a diligence_n attain_v and_o retain_v possession_n be_v preferable_a because_o the_o other_o disposition_n be_v presume_v fraudulent_a and_o simulat_fw-la and_o gift_n of_o single_a escheat_n or_o liferent_a escheat_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v simulat_fw-la if_o the_o rebel_n or_o his_o conjunct_a and_o confident_a person_n be_v long_o suffer_v to_o retain_v the_o possession_n and_o therefore_o base_a infeftment_n retenta_fw-la possessione_n be_v also_o presume_v fraudulent_a and_o simulat_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a presumptione_n juris_fw-la by_o this_o and_o other_o statute_n but_o presumptione_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la admit_v no_o contrary_a probation_n for_o certain_o base_a infeftment_n may_v be_v and_o oftentimes_o have_v be_v without_o simulation_n and_o for_o onerous_a cause_n and_o yet_o these_o have_v never_o be_v sustain_v or_o admit_v to_o probation_n to_o validat_n such_o base_a infeftment_n and_o albeit_o long_a retention_n of_o possession_n may_v raise_v presumptionem_fw-la hominis_fw-la that_o public_a infeftment_n be_v simulat_fw-la or_o without_o cause_n onerous_a yet_o that_o presumption_n have_v not_o be_v own_v by_o law_n second_o custom_n have_v prefer_v posterior_n base_a infeftment_n attain_v possession_n or_o use_v diligence_n to_o attain_v it_o to_o prior_n base_a infeftment_n not_o attain_v possession_n nor_o use_v diligence_n to_o attain_v it_o and_o albeit_o the_o superveen_a statute_n for_o registration_n of_o seasine_n be_v design_v for_o publication_n thereof_o that_o purchaser_n thereafter_o may_v not_o be_v ensnare_v or_o disappoint_v whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o private_a or_o base_a infeftment_n and_o public_a infeftment_n may_v have_v be_v lay_v aside_o since_o the_o act_n for_o registration_n of_o seasines_n whereby_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o real_a right_n by_o prove_v base_a infeftment_n clad_v with_o possession_n by_o witness_n wherein_o our_o law_n be_v so_o just_o jealous_a and_o cautious_a that_o they_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o case_n where_o write_v use_n to_o be_v adhibit_v may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o the_o preserence_n of_o public_a infeftment_n to_o prior_n base_a infeftment_n not_o clad_v with_o possession_n be_v fix_v by_o custom_n from_o this_o statute_n before_o the_o act_n for_o registration_n of_o seasines_n by_o the_o space_n of_o threescore_o seventeen_o year_n have_v be_v still_o continue_v and_o such_o infeftment_n as_o be_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o order_n of_o law_n have_v still_o retain_v the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o base_a infeftment_n and_o albeit_o the_o alledgeance_n use_v sometime_o to_o be_v propon_v against_o base_a infeftment_n that_o they_o be_v null_a not_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o simple_a nullity_n but_o only_o a_o preference_n of_o a_o more_o solemn_a right_n for_o pursuit_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n remove_n yea_o and_o reduction_n be_v sustain_v thereupon_o and_o will_v not_o be_v exclude_v upon_o pretence_n of_o want_n of_o possession_n as_o thereby_o be_v null_n though_o they_o have_v lie_v long_o out_o of_o possession_n so_o a_o base_a infeftment_n without_o possession_n be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a title_n in_o a_o reduction_n to_o enforce_v production_n of_o all_o other_o infeftment_n base_a or_o public_a albeit_o the_o superior_a do_v not_o concur_v spot_n kirk-man_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o home_n and_o such_o infeftment_n do_v always_o exclude_v posterior_n arrestment_n they_o do_v also_o exclude_v the_o terce_n of_o the_o granter_n relict_n january_n 27._o 1669._o bell_n of_o belford_n contra_fw-la lady_n rutherford_n but_o base_a infeftment_n do_v not_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a escheat_n of_o their_o author_n unless_o they_o attain_v possession_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la march_v 19_o 1633._o laird_n of_o rentoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o blackiter_n february_n 21._o 1667._o robert_n milne_n contra_fw-la clerkson_n where_o there_o be_v no_o further_a ground_n of_o simulation_n than_o the_o want_n of_o possession_n very_o little_a possession_n or_o diligence_n for_o possession_n will_v prefer_v base_a infeftment_n to_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n or_o to_o posterior_n base_a infeftment_n clad_v with_o possession_n as_o the_o lift_n of_o one_o term_n rend_v do_v prefer_v a_o base_a infeftment_n to_o a_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n clad_v with_o many_o year_n possession_n hope_n alienation_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la mcadam_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o annualrent_n far_o within_o a_o term_n annual_a be_v sustain_v to_o prefer_v a_o base_a infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n and_o it_o be_v also_o prefer_v because_o there_o be_v a_o decreet_a of_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n though_o not_o put_v to_o execution_n february_n 26._o and_o 27._o 1662._o creditor_n of_o kinglassie_n competing_n and_o a_o citation_n for_o attain_v possession_n be_v find_v sufficient_a february_n 13._o 1624._o corse_n contra_fw-la july_n 2._o 1625._o raploch_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o lethem_n june_n 26._o 1662._o wilson_n contra_fw-la thomson_n january_n 24._o 1679._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la seatoun_n yea_o a_o base_a infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n be_v prefer_v to_o a_o posterior_n base_a infeftment_n of_o property_n which_o interveen_v before_o the_o first_o term_n at_o which_o the_o annualrent_n be_v payable_a and_o clad_v with_o possession_n before_o that_o term_n so_o that_o the_o annualrenter_fw-la do_v not_o lie_v out_o of_o possession_n but_o can_v attain_v none_o july_n 26._o 1676._o captain_n alison_n contra_fw-la bailzie_n carmichael_n and_o a_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n be_v out_o of_o discontiguous_a land_n in_o several_a shire_n be_v prefer_v as_o to_o both_o tenement_n by_o get_v payment_n of_o annualrent_n from_o the_o heretor_fw-la or_o tenant_n of_o either_o tenement_n november_n 6._o 1673._o mr._n alexander_n miln_n contra_fw-la mr._n thomas_n hay_o and_o possession_n by_o a_o infeftment_n for_o corroboration_n of_o a_o annualrent_a do_v prefer_v the_o principal_a infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n have_v no_o other_o possession_n july_n 9_o 1668._o alexander_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o infeftment_n of_o principal_a land_n and_o warrandice_n land_n be_v clad_v with_o possession_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n these_o be_v evict_v be_v find_v to_o make_v the_o infeftment_n of_o the_o warrandice_n land_n effectual_a from_o its_o date_n and_o prefer_v to_o a_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n of_o the_o warrandice_n land_n though_o clad_v with_o long_a possession_n january_n 9_o 1666._o elizabeth_n brown_n contra_fw-la john_n scot._n yea_o base_a infeftment_n to_o wivesupon_o their_o contract_n of_o marriage_n 〈◊〉_d prefer_v to_o all_o posterior_n infeftment_n and_o the_o husband_n possession_n be_v account_v the_o wife_n possession_n though_o he_o be_v common_a author_n to_o both_o november_n 23._o 1664._o elizabeth_n nisbet_n contra_fw-la patrick_n murray_n and_o though_o the_o husband_n do_v not_o 〈◊〉_d himself_o but_o wodsetter_n derive_v right_o from_o he_o june_n 18._o 1667._o lady_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la sir_n john_n strachan_n and_o where_o the_o husband_n mother_n do_v 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o liferent_a flow_v from_o the_o husband_n father_n to_o who_o 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v heir_n it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o clothe_v his_o wife_n infeftment_n with_o possession_n february_n 21._o 1672._o mr._n james_n reid_n contra_fw-la countess_n of_o dundee_n but_o a_o base_a infeftment_n of_o a_o wodsett_n with_o a_o back-tack_n to_o the_o grant_a be_v not_o hold_v clad_v with_o possession_n by_o the_o granter_n possession_n as_o tacks-man_n till_o some_o further_a possession_n be_v attain_v where_o there_o be_v any_o further_a ground_n of_o suspicion_n or_o simulation_n there_o must_v be_v a_o clear_a
out_o a_o terce_n of_o wodset_a land_n wherein_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v be_v not_o find_v ely_v because_o the_o husband_n require_v or_o charge_v for_o the_o money_n not_o be_v denude_v before_o his_o death_n feb._n 16._o 1642._o veich_n contra_fw-la veich_n of_o dawick_n but_o the_o wife_n three_o continue_v as_o to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o land_n redeem_a by_o the_o heir_n after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n terce_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o ward_n non_fw-fr entry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o title_n superiority_n 18._o terce_n be_v burden_v proportianal_o by_o all_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la affect_v the_o whole_a tenement_n as_o annualrent_n thirlage_n pasturage_n but_o with_o no_o other_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v personal_a though_o they_o be_v heritable_a and_o have_v provision_n of_o infeftment_n 19_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n or_o curiliaty_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o liferent_a competent_a to_o the_o husband_n of_o the_o wife_n land_n and_o hereditament_n it_o be_v introduce_v by_o our_o common_a law_n which_o be_v our_o most_o ancient_a custom_n wheroef_n no_o beginning_n be_v know_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o terce_n of_o the_o survive_a wife_n whereby_o without_o any_o paction_n or_o provision_n 〈◊〉_d enjoy_v the_o three_o of_o her_o decease_a husband_n heritable_a right_n wherein_o he_o 〈◊〉_d invest_v as_o of_o fee_n during_o her_o life_n so_o the_o husband_n liferent_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o hereditament_n of_o the_o wife_n wherein_o she_o die_v infeft_v in_o fee_n and_o that_o without_o any_o service_n or_o ken_n as_o in_o terce_n but_o summary_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o have_v be_v husband_n to_o the_o defunct_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n whether_o the_o defunct_a wife_n have_v a_o prior_n husband_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o her_o hereditament_n be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi feu_fw-fr or_o burgage_n the_o original_n of_o this_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o diege_n 22._o be_v from_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n whereby_o the_o father_n have_v the_o usufruct_v of_o the_o heretage_n of_o his_o child_n befalling_a to_o they_o as_o heir_n to_o their_o mother_n and_o therefore_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n but_o where_o there_o be_v child_n of_o the_o marriage_n one_o or_o more_o which_o attain_v that_o maturity_n as_o to_o be_v hear_v cry_n or_o weep_v for_o then_o the_o law_n regard_v not_o how_o long_o the_o child_n live_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v survive_v their_o mother_n but_o hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o be_v bear_v at_o maturity_n they_o be_v heir_n appearand_a of_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o liferent_a be_v establish_v in_o their_o father_n in_o this_o the_o courtesy_n of_o husband_n differ_v from_o the_o terce_n of_o wife_n for_o the_o wife_n have_v her_o terce_n if_o either_o the_o marriage_n continue_v undissolved_a year_n and_o day_n or_o though_o it_o continue_v not_o so_o long_o if_o a_o child_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o marriage_n hear_v cry_v and_o weep_v though_o the_o child_n have_v be_v beget_v before_o the_o marriage_n yea_o though_o it_o have_v be_v bear_v before_o the_o marriage_n be_v legitimat_fw-la by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n how_o short_a soever_o it_o endure_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v her_o terce_n but_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n unless_o a_o ripe_a child_n beborn_a though_o the_o marriage_n shall_v continue_v for_o many_o year_n so_o that_o the_o be_v of_o child_n procreate_v and_o bear_v to_o maturity_n be_v the_o chief_a motive_n introductory_n of_o this_o law_n skeen_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n upon_o the_o word_n curialitas_fw-la limit_v the_o courtesy_n to_o the_o land_n or_o hereditament_n into_o which_o wife_n succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o their_o predecessor_n whether_o before_o or_o during_o the_o marriage_n which_o craig_n in_o the_o foresay_a place_n do_v likewise_o follow_v and_o do_v exclude_v the_o husband_n from_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o wife_n land_n to_o which_o the_o wife_n have_v right_a by_o any_o contract_n as_o titulo_fw-la emptionis_fw-la which_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o husband_n where_o the_o wife_n predecessor_n infeft_n she_o per_fw-la praeceptionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la if_o a_o father_n shall_v infeft_v his_o daughter_n reserve_v his_o own_o liferent_a with_o power_n ro_o dispose_v she_o be_v not_o thereby_o heir_n active_a nor_o be_v that_o estate_n account_v heretage_n but_o conquest_n yet_o she_o be_v heir_n passive_a and_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n that_o the_o husband_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o liferent_a of_o that_o estate_n then_o if_o his_o wife_n have_v be_v therein_o heir_n of_o provision_n or_o tailzie_n whereby_o fail_v she_o and_o her_o issue_n another_o branch_n not_o near_o of_o blood_n to_o she_o may_v ready_o succeed_v so_o that_o if_o her_o child_n be_v dead_a before_o herself_o her_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n will_v have_v much_o more_o reason_n to_o question_v her_o husband_n liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n than_o his_o own_o child_n as_o heir_n of_o line_n will_v have_v to_o contravert_v his_o liferent_a of_o the_o estate_n wherein_o she_o be_v infeft_v by_o her_o father_n or_o any_o of_o her_o predecessor_n to_o which_o she_o be_v appearand_a heir_n but_o there_o have_v be_v few_o debate_n or_o decision_n or_o limitation_n thereof_o which_o will_v clear_v this_o and_o other_o point_v thereanent_a the_o law_n have_v well_o fix_v the_o maturity_n of_o the_o child_n by_o their_o cry_n or_o weep_v and_o have_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o witness_n whether_o the_o child_n be_v ripe_a or_o not_o both_z as_o to_o the_o courtesy_n terce_n and_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o the_o year_n in_o all_o which_o case_n the_o law_n allow_v woman_n witness_n as_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o child_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o birth_n liferenter_n be_v find_v free_a of_o the_o reparation_n of_o minister_n manse_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1662._o cap._n ordain_v heretor_n to_o build_v or_o repair_v manse_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o pound_n whereof_o no_o share_n of_o relief_n be_v find_v due_a by_o the_o liferenter_n they_o not_o be_v express_v november_n 14._o 1679._o minister_n of_o contra_fw-la laird_n and_o lady_n beanstoun_n yet_o if_o the_o whole_a estate_n be_v liferent_v by_o conjunctfee_n the_o conjunctfiar_n may_v be_v liable_a as_o fire_n in_o that_o case_n when_o the_o heretor_fw-la have_v no_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o the_o whole_a be_v affect_v with_o a_o separate_a liferent_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o see_v what_o the_o heretor_fw-la will_v be_v liable_a to_o will_v diminish_v his_o aliment_n which_o behove_v to_o be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o liferenter_fw-la liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n have_v the_o same_o extension_n and_o limitation_n sa_o terce_n it_o affect_v all_o the_o wife_n land_n not_o acquire_v by_o a_o singular_a title_n it_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n but_o it_o be_v exclude_v during_o the_o nonentry_n or_o by_o liferent-escheat_n and_o also_o by_o the_o ward_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n either_o of_o the_o superior_a or_o wife_n it_o be_v burden_v with_o all_o real_a burden_n by_o infeftment_n or_o tack_v and_o with_o the_o aliment_n of_o the_o wife_n heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o aliunde_fw-la it_o be_v also_o exclude_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o year_n and_o day_n by_o divorce_n or_o by_o the_o husband_n desertion_n of_o the_o wife_n though_o divorce_n follow_v not_o or_o by_o his_o adultery_n or_o other_o atrocious_a crime_n 20._o among_o personal_a servitude_n may_v be_v number_v public_a burden_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n for_o public_a use_n such_o as_o taxation_n which_o by_o the_o act_n impose_v they_o be_v declare_v real_a affect_v the_o ground_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v poind_v and_o so_o consequent_o do_v affect_v singular_a successor_n the_o extraordinary_a burden_n of_o mentainance_n and_o sess_z impose_v by_o the_o parliament_n during_o the_o trouble_n have_v not_o that_o clause_n therein_o of_o poind_v the_o ground_n and_o so_o be_v not_o find_v debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la but_o debita_fw-la fructuum_fw-la nor_o do_v they_o affect_v singular_a successor_n july_n 13._o 1664._o grahame_n of_o hiltoun_n contra_fw-la the_o heretor_n of_o clackmannan_n title_n xvii_o servitude_n real_a 1._o requisite_n to_o constitute_v real_a servitude_n by_o consent_n 2._o how_o prescription_n constitute_v servitude_n 3._o how_o far_o servitude_n be_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 4._o extinction_n of_o servitude_n 5._o kind_n of_o servitude_n 6._o servitude_n of_o support_n 7_o stillicide_n 8._o sink_n
prescription_n but_o when_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v by_o prescription_n the_o knowledge_n even_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v presume_v who_o though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o full_a right_n yet_o may_v have_v interrupt_v 4._o servitude_n be_v extinct_a by_o the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o tenement_n dominant_a his_o renunciation_n or_o contrary_a consent_n in_o write_v without_o any_o other_o solemnity_n and_o there_o need_v here_o no_o other_o possession_n than_o that_o possession_n the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n have_v of_o his_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v make_v free_a use_n thereof_o for_o he_o who_o possess_v naturally_n or_o corporeal_o possess_v to_o all_o effect_n and_o use_n unless_o there_o be_v impediment_n by_o any_o opposite_a stand_n right_o servitude_n be_v also_o extinct_a by_o prescription_n of_o liberty_n for_o as_o servitude_n by_o prescription_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n or_o free_a use_n of_o the_o tenement_n seruient_fw-fr so_o liberty_n be_v recover_v in_o the_o same_o way_n for_o though_o in_o the_o short_a prescription_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n simple_a forbearance_n of_o the_o servitude_n will_v not_o import_v prescription_n unless_o some_o contrary_a act_n that_o may_v hinder_v the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o proprietar_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n yet_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n simple_a forbearance_n of_o the_o use_n may_v suffice_v as_o presume_v the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n to_o be_v to_o relinquish_v the_o servitude_n and_o to_o suffer_v liberty_n to_o be_v recover_v and_o when_o the_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v by_o write_v the_o same_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n see_v the_o write_n and_o obligement_n prescrive_v not_o be_v use_v or_o acclaim_v forty_o year_n 5._o to_o descend_v now_o to_o the_o kind_n of_o servitude_n there_o may_v be_v as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v way_n whereby_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o house_n or_o tenement_n may_v be_v restrain_v in_o favour_n of_o another_o tenement_n for_o liberty_n and_o servitude_n be_v contrary_n and_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o be_v or_o enlargement_n of_o the_o other_o servitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v either_o in_o reference_n to_o city-tenement_n such_o as_o house_n for_o habitation_n not_o for_o the_o use_n of_o agriculture_n or_o pasturage_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o town_n or_o village_n or_o not_o and_o in_o countrey-tenement_n such_o as_o field_n and_o ground_n and_o all_o house_n for_o the_o use_n thereof_o as_o stable_n barn_n byers_n kilns_n wheresoever_o situate_a in_o town_n or_o country_n servitude_n upon_o city-tenement_n be_v very_o many_o whereof_o we_o shall_v point_v at_o the_o prime_n they_o be_v either_o positive_a or_o negative_a a_o positive_a servitude_n be_v that_o whereby_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v not_o only_o restrain_v of_o its_o liberty_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v some_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n contrary_a to_o its_o liberty_n negative_a servitude_n be_v whereby_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v only_o restrain_v 6._o the_o prime_a positive_a servitude_n of_o city-tenement_n be_v the_o servitude_n of_o support_n whereby_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v liable_a to_o bear_v any_o burden_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dominant_a and_o that_o either_o by_o lay_v on_o the_o weight_n upon_o its_o wall_n or_o other_o part_n thereof_o or_o by_o put_v in_o jeest_n or_o other_o mean_n of_o support_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o same_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v servitutem_fw-la tigni_fw-la immissi_fw-la or_o otherways_o this_o servitude_n may_v be_v by_o bear_v the_o pressure_n or_o put_v of_o any_o building_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n as_o of_o a_o vault_n or_o pend_n or_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o servitude_n of_o superstructure_n whereby_o any_o building_n may_v be_v build_v upon_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n like_v unto_o which_o be_v now_o frequent_a in_o edinburgh_n when_o one_o tenement_n be_v build_v above_o another_o at_o divers_a time_n or_o divers_a story_n or_o contignation_n of_o the_o same_o tenement_n be_v buy_v by_o divers_a proprietar_n and_o thereby_o the_o upper_a become_v a_o distinct_a tenement_n and_o have_v a_o servitude_n upon_o the_o low_a tenement_n whereby_o they_o must_v support_v it_o the_o question_n use_v to_o be_v move_v here_o whether_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n be_v oblige_v to_o uphold_v or_o repair_v his_o tenement_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o support_v the_o dominant_a tenement_n there_o be_v opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o probable_a reason_n upon_o both_o part_n for_o the_o affirmative_a make_v the_o common_a rule_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v grant_v all_o thing_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v grant_v therewith_o that_o be_v necessary_a thereto_o so_o he_o who_o constitute_v upon_o his_o tenement_n a_o servitude_n of_o support_n must_v make_v it_o effectual_a and_o for_o the_o negative_a servitude_n be_v odious_a and_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o what_o be_v express_o grant_v or_o accustom_a to_o which_o we_o incline_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v advert_v how_o the_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v that_o if_o it_o appear_v the_o constituent_n have_v grant_v this_o servitude_n so_o as_o to_o uphold_v it_o or_o if_o by_o custom_n he_o have_v be_v make_v to_o uphold_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o own_o tenement_n but_o of_o the_o dominant_a he_o must_v so_o continue_v and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o personal_a obligation_n but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o servitude_n pass_v with_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n even_o to_o singular_a successor_n but_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o so_o constitute_v it_o will_v import_v no_o more_o than_o a_o tolerance_n to_o lay_v on_o or_o impute_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n upon_o the_o seruient_fw-fr which_o therefore_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr neither_o can_v hinder_v nor_o prejudge_v but_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v any_o positive_a deed_n by_o reparation_n of_o his_o own_o tenement_n to_o that_o purpose_n but_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o dominant_a tenement_n have_v right_a to_o repair_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o servitude_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n can_v hinder_v it_o yet_o in_o what_o he_o thereby_o advantage_v the_o seruient_fw-fr tenement_n he_o have_v upon_o the_o owner_n thereof_o the_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o within_o burgh_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o inferior_a and_o support_a tenement_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o superior_a tenement_n the_o owner_n whereof_o may_v legal_o enforce_v reparation_n yet_o it_o infer_v not_o this_o to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o servitude_n but_o a_o positive_a statute_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o burgh_n for_o the_o public_a good_a thereof_o which_o be_v concern_v in_o uphold_v tenement_n but_o main_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v because_o when_o divers_a owner_n have_v part_n of_o the_o same_o tenement_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a division_n because_o the_o roof_n remain_v roof_n to_o both_o and_o the_o ground_n support_v both_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o communion_n there_o be_v mutual_a obligation_n upon_o both_o viz._n that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o low_a tenement_n must_v uphold_v his_o tenement_n as_o a_o foundation_n to_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o upper_a tenement_n must_v uphold_v his_o tenement_n as_o a_o roof_n and_o cover_n to_o the_o low_a both_o which_o though_o they_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o servitude_n and_o pass_v with_o the_o thing_n to_o singular_a successor_n yet_o they_o be_v rather_o personal_a obligation_n such_o as_o pass_v in_o communion_n even_o to_o singular_a successor_n of_o either_o party_n 7._o the_o next_o positive_a city-servitude_n be_v of_o stillicide_n or_o sink_n stillicide_n be_v the_o easing-drop_n which_o fall_v off_o any_o house_n or_o building_n or_o the_o rain_n turn_v off_o a_o tenement_n either_o by_o drop_v or_o by_o spout_n concern_v which_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v do_v free_o without_o any_o servitude_n for_o thereby_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v what_o servitude_n be_v competent_a herein_o the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o the_o owner_n of_o any_o ground_n may_v build_v house_n or_o building_n close_o to_o the_o march_n of_o his_o own_o ground_n whereby_o his_o easing-drop_n will_v fall_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n or_o if_o by_o spout_n he_o may_v make_v the_o rain_n that_o fall_v upon_o his_o own_o tenement_n run_v over_o upon_o his_o neighbour_n and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o that_o common_a rule_n cujus_fw-la est_fw-la solum_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la
of_o most_o part_n of_o prebender_n be_v necessary_a not_o reckon_v the_o prebender_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n this_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o haddingtoun_n march_v 10._o 1612._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la the_o consent_n of_o the_o chapter_n be_v find_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o prelate_n but_o to_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o chapter_n and_o so_o a_o tack_v set_v by_o a_o dean_n though_o of_o teind_n mortify_v to_o a_o college_n whereof_o the_o principal_a be_v dean_n be_v find_v null_n for_o want_v of_o the_o chapter_n consent_n spot_n kirkman_n college_n of_o aberdene_n contra_fw-la lord_n frazer_n where_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v twice_o before_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o find_v necessary_a to_o the_o tack_n of_o the_o several_a member_n of_o the_o new_a erect_v chapter_n of_o st._n andrews_n whereof_o many_o minister_n be_v of_o laic_a patronage_n hope_n teind_n tenant_n of_o craighal_o contra_fw-la mr._n walter_n kinninmont_n but_o the_o old_a privilege_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n which_o be_v yet_o ccontinue_v be_v that_o the_o append_v of_o his_o seal_n be_v sufficient_a both_o for_o he_o and_o the_o chapter_n without_o necessity_n of_o their_o subscription_n par._n 1606._o cap._n 3._o 18._o second_o benefice_v person_n be_v restrain_v from_o set_v tack_n of_o their_o teind_n even_o with_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o diminution_n of_o their_o rental_a and_o therefore_o minister_n provide_v to_o benefice_n grant_v pension_n tack_n or_o feve_n of_o their_o benefice_n with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a they_o find_v at_o their_o entry_n the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n and_o they_o to_o be_v deprive_v par._n 1581._o cap._n 101._o and_o also_o all_o benefice_a person_n be_v ordain_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o leave_v their_o benefice_n in_o as_o good_a case_n as_o they_o find_v they_o and_o all_o tack_n provision_n or_o change_v of_o victual_n in_o money_n in_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a which_o be_v at_o their_o entry_n declare_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o but_o by_o act_n of_o par._n 1606._o cap._n 3._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o bishop_n to_o set_v as_o many_o tack_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o duty_n belong_v to_o their_o benefice_n either_o short_a or_o long_a tack_n as_o they_o please_v and_o for_o as_o many_o year_n as_o they_o think_v expedient_a which_o may_v subsist_v of_o the_o law_n without_o restraint_n or_o limitation_n of_o any_o time_n which_o tack_v be_v once_o set_v shall_v be_v account_v the_o rental_a not_o to_o be_v diminish_v thereafter_o but_o there_o be_v no_o restriction_n in_o relation_n to_o any_o rental_a precede_v the_o say_a act_n but_o it_o be_v only_o recommend_v to_o the_o bishop_n to_o set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n near_o the_o worth_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1617._o cap._n 4._o bishop_n be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v tack_n for_o long_a space_n than_o nineteen_o year_n and_o all_o pension_n or_o tack_n of_o the_o three_o of_o benefice_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n set_v in_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a pay_v at_o the_o first_o assumption_n of_o the_o benefice_n be_v declare_v null_n par_fw-fr 1597._o cap._n 240._o 19_o three_o inferior_a benefice_a person_n can_v set_v no_o long_o tack_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o benefice_n than_o three_o year_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n par_fw-fr 1594._o cap._n 200._o which_o be_v extend_v to_o deed_n do_v by_o provest_n and_o prebendar_n though_o have_v a_o resemblance_n with_o prelacy_n see_v the_o patron_n have_v so_o great_a interest_n hope_n patron_n laird_n of_o drumlanrig_v contra_fw-la cowhil_fw-la and_o other_o and_o benefice_a person_n below_o prelate_n be_v discharge_v to_o set_v tack_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o benefice_n long_o than_o their_o life_n and_o five_o year_n after_o and_o if_o these_o tack_n be_v not_o registrate_n in_o a_o book_n keep_v by_o the_o clerk-register_n for_o that_o effect_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o they_o be_v null_a par_fw-fr 1617._o cap._n 4._o yet_o in_o these_o long_a tack_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n be_v still_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o a_o tack_v of_o teind_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n be_v only_o find_v valid_a as_o to_o three_o year_n and_o null_a as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n contain_v therein_o july_n 18._o 1668._o mr._n george_n johnstoun_n contra_fw-la of_o howdoun_n and_o a_o tack_v of_o teind_n for_o more_o than_o three_o year_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n be_v sustain_v by_o his_o subsequent_a consent_n have_v accept_v a_o right_n to_o the_o tack_v and_o obtain_v prorogation_n thereupon_o january_n 19_o 1669._o earl_n of_o athol_n contra_fw-la rohertson_n of_o strovan_n 20._o a_o tackofteind_n set_v by_o a_o university_n for_o a_o definite_a time_n with_o a_o obligement_n to_o renew_v the_o same_o in_o all_o time_n thereafter_o be_v find_v not_o effectual_a after_o the_o definite_a time_n though_o the_o same_o rent_n be_v receive_v for_o year_n after_o which_o be_v not_o sustain_v as_o homologation_n but_o as_o tacit_a relocation_n july_n 13._o 1669._o old_a college_n of_o aberdeen_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o aberdeen_n 21._o to_o come_v to_o the_o condition_n of_o teind_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heretor_n to_o who_o the_o stock_n belong_v a_o part_n also_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o titular_o and_o lord_n of_o erection_n and_o tacksman_n have_v right_o to_o other_o heretors_n teind_n who_o have_v ordinary_o prorogation_n of_o their_o tack_n the_o rest_n belong_v to_o minister_n or_o royal_a burgh_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o minister_n college_n or_o hospital_n of_o these_o teind_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o heretor_n own_o hand_n some_o be_v draw_v in_o kind_n ipsa_fw-la corpora_fw-la some_o be_v in_o old_a stock_v rental_a bolls_n some_o be_v in_o tack_n or_o use_v of_o payment_n and_o other_o under_o valuation_n we_o need_v to_o say_v nothing_o as_o to_o teind_n that_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o heretor_n to_o who_o the_o stock_n belong_v about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v little_a controversy_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o new_a erection_n or_o augmentation_n for_o teind_n through_o whatsoever_o hand_n they_o pass_v carry_v always_o along_o with_o they_o as_o a_o burden_n affect_v they_o competent_a stipend_n for_o the_o minister_n who_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v erect_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o debate_n concern_v teind_n orderly_o value_v be_v thereby_o liquidate_a and_o clear_a nor_o concern_v these_o teind_n which_o be_v in_o tack_n during_o the_o tack_n further_o than_o have_v be_v say_v before_o of_o the_o requisite_n for_o set_v such_o tack_n it_o remain_v to_o consider_v draw_v teind_n and_o rental_v teind_v bolls_n and_o conclude_v with_o the_o present_a interest_n of_o minister_n and_o patron_n 22._o as_o to_o the_o draw_a teind_n the_o manner_n thereof_o be_v prescribe_v par._n 1617._o cap._n 9_o that_o the_o possessor_n may_v require_v the_o teind-master_n once_o for_o teind_v of_o croft_n or_o in-sield_a corn_n next_o for_o teind_a barley_n three_o for_o out-field_n corn_n within_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o shear_n of_o these_o three_o several_a kind_n of_o corn_n or_o at_o least_o when_o the_o same_o be_v shear_v till_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n to_o come_v and_o teind_v the_o same_o within_o four_o day_n and_o the_o teind-master_n if_o he_o dwell_v not_o within_o the_o paroch_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v a_o servant_n for_o teind_v and_o to_o intimate_fw-la his_o name_n public_o the_o last_o sabbath_n of_o july_n or_o first_o sabbath_n of_o august_n so_o that_o upon_o requisition_n to_o the_o teind-master_n personal_o or_o at_o his_o dwelling-place_n in_o the_o paroch_n or_o to_o his_o servant_n so_o design_v the_o possessor_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o teind_n of_o his_o own_o corn_n and_o if_o the_o teind-master_n reside_v not_o in_o the_o paroch_n nor_o have_v any_o servant_n design_v or_o if_o upon_o intimation_n they_o appear_v not_o the_o possessor_n may_v before_o witness_n teind_v his_o own_o corn_n and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o teind_v skaithless_a for_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o separation_n but_o if_o any_o meddle_v with_o the_o teind_n any_o other_o way_n he_o be_v liable_a for_o wrongous_n intromission_n 23._o spuilzie_n of_o teind_n be_v only_o competent_a in_o the_o case_n of_o violence_n where_o the_o teind-master_n be_v in_o present_a possession_n and_o use_n of_o draw_v the_o teind_v do_v orderly_o come_v to_o teind_v and_o be_v debar_v by_o force_n or_o when_o the_o teind-master_n be_v in_o use_n that_o same_o year_n or_o the_o former_a year_n to_o draw_v the_o
power_n 〈◊〉_d detain_v the_o whole_a fruit_n of_o the_o benefice_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o be_v clear_a in_o the_o say_v last_o act_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 115._o three_o patron_n be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n to_o their_o church_n without_o who_o consent_n the_o incumbent_n can_v set_v no_o tack_v long_o then_o for_o three_o year_n par._n 1594._o cap._n 200._o patron_n have_v also_o a_o indirect_a interest_n in_o their_o own_o benefice_n where_o the_o minister_n have_v a_o ordinary_a stipend_n settle_v to_o they_o by_o long_a custom_n or_o modification_n yet_o far_o within_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o benefice_n the_o patron_n use_v to_o present_v they_o to_o the_o benefice_n but_o withal_o take_v tack_v of_o they_o to_o confident_a person_n to_o their_o own_o behoof_n carry_v the_o superplus_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n over_o and_o above_o the_o accustom_a stipend_n of_o their_o predecessor_n which_o have_v not_o be_v quarrel_v as_o a_o symoniacal_a paction_n or_o dilapidation_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o patron_n for_o resemblance_n of_o personal_a patronage_n ought_v to_o be_v aliment_v out_o of_o the_o benefice_n if_o they_o come_v to_o necessity_n according_a as_o their_o benefice_n may_v bear_v though_o there_o have_v occur_v no_o occasion_n to_o question_n or_o try_v this_o point_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n july_n 23._o 1644._o session_n 1._o c._n 20._o the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o vacant_a benefice_n or_o stipend_n be_v take_v from_o the_o patron_n and_o state_v in_o the_o presbytrie_n and_o paroch_n to_o be_v dispose_v upon_o for_o pious_a use_n and_o by_o act_n of_o par_fw-fr 1949._o c._n 39_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n be_v also_o take_v away_o yet_o thetitle_v 〈◊〉_d unsit_o design_n that_o act_n a_o abolution_n of_o patronage_n for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o there_o take_v away_o but_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a where_o the_o patron_n can_v have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o benefice_n of_o teind_n but_o indirect_o as_o aforesaid_a that_o declare_v the_o heritable_a right_n of_o the_o teind_n over_o and_o above_o the_o stipend_n to_o be_v in_o the_o patron_n but_o with_o necessity_n to_o dispone_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heretor_n for_o six_o year_n purchase_n but_o these_o act_n be_v now_o rescind_v and_o patron_n return_v to_o their_o ancient_a right_n but_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o fruit_n in_o the_o vacancy_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o pious_a use_n for_o seven_o year_n and_o thereafter_o during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n par_fw-fr 1661._o cap._n 52._o and_o the_o vacancy_n for_o seven_o year_n after_o the_o year_n 1672._o be_v apply_v to_o university_n par_fw-fr 1672._o cap._n 20._o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n be_v so_o ordinary_o patronat_fw-la that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o free_a but_o all_o be_v presume_v o_o be_v patronat_fw-la and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o patronage_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o other_o the_o pope_n be_v presume_v patron_n before_o the_o reformation_n and_o after_o the_o reformation_n the_o king_n be_v presume_v patron_n jure_fw-la corona_n where_o the_o right_a of_o another_o patron_n appear_v not_o there_o be_v other_o patronage_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n jure_fw-la privato_fw-la as_o when_o the_o king_n or_o his_o predecessor_n acquire_v any_o right_n of_o patronage_n from_o any_o private_a person_n or_o when_o the_o king_n or_o his_o predecessor_n found_v or_o dote_v the_o benefice_n or_o when_o any_o land_n or_o barony_n fall_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o superior_a by_o recognition_n or_o forefaulture_n all_o such_o have_v annex_v thereto_o or_o comprehend_v therein_o the_o advocation_n donation_n and_o right_n of_o patronage_n of_o any_o kirk_n the_o king_n do_v thereby_o become_v patron_n all_o those_o patronage_n be_v at_o the_o king_n dispose_n and_o transmissible_a to_o any_o subject_a by_o the_o king_n proper_a deed_n either_o annex_v or_o incorporate_n the_o same_o in_o barony_n or_o lordship_n or_o by_o distinct_a gift_n for_o the_o patronage_n do_v ordinary_o pass_v as_o annex_v to_o land_n charter_n of_o burgh_n barony_n or_o lordship_n yet_o they_o may_v pass_v without_o infeftment_n as_o jura_fw-la incorporalia_fw-la but_o there_o be_v other_o patronage_n which_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n either_o express_o or_o when_o barony_n lordship_n or_o benefice_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n if_o therein_o patronage_n of_o any_o benefice_n be_v comprehend_v they_o be_v annex_v though_o not_o express_v for_o barony_n or_o benefice_n be_v nomina_fw-la universitatis_fw-la be_v unite_v and_o erect_v and_o therefore_o the_o barony_n or_o benefice_n without_o express_v patronage_n do_v carry_v the_o same_o by_o resignation_n apprize_a adjudication_n recognition_n or-forefaulture_a as_o well_o as_o salmond_n fish_v or_o milns_n but_o these_o patronage_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o annex_v patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v dispose_v by_o the_o king_n without_o a_o public_a law_n or_o by_o a_o special_a act_n of_o dissolution_n for_o particular_a reason_n of_o public_a good_a anterior_a to_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o ratification_n in_o parliament_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n and_o be_v account_v but_o private_a right_n which_o will_v not_o establish_v the_o same_o though_o in_o the_o ratification_n there_o be_v a_o clause_n of_o dissolution_n which_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v as_o a_o private_a right_n and_o not_o a_o public_a law_n the_o patronage_n of_o all_o bishopric_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n who_o design_n the_o person_n to_o be_v bishop_n and_o though_o the_o chapter_n may_v use_v the_o formality_n of_o election_n they_o do_v not_o refuse_v the_o king_n designation_n the_o order_n of_o this_o election_n be_v prescrive_v parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 1._o where_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n be_v ordain_v to_o choose_v the_o person_n who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o nominat_fw-la and_o recommend_v he_o always_o be_v a_o uctual_a minister_n of_o the_o kirk_n who_o be_v elect_v have_v sufficient_a right_n to_o the_o spirituality_n of_o his_o benefice_n but_o not_o to_o the_o temporality_n till_o he_o have_v a_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_v obedience_n to_o he_o but_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saint_n andrews_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o dunkel_n aberdene_n brichen_n dumblane_n ross_n murray_n orknay_n caithness_n the_o principal_a of_o saint_n leanard_n college_n the_o archdean_n of_o saint_n andrews_n the_o viccar_n of_o saint_n andrews_n leuchers_n and_o couper_n or_o most_o part_n of_o they_o parliament_z 1617._o cap._n 2._o and_o by_o the_o same_o act_n the_o archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o galloway_n argile_n and_o isles_n and_o the_o ordinar_n chapter_n of_o glasgow_n or_o most_o of_o they_o the_o bishop_n of_o galloway_n be_v conveener_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o now_o the_o bishop_n of_o edinburgh_n since_o that_o bishopric_n be_v erect_v be_v by_o the_o erection_n make_v a_o elector_n and_o conveener_n the_o king_n be_v also_o patron_n of_o many_o laic_a patronage_n and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o laic_a patronage_n belong_v to_o subject_n ecclesiastic_a patronage_n belong_v now_o only_o to_o the_o bishop_n to_o who_o some_o kirk_n be_v patrimonial_a or_o mensal_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o bishop_n benefice_n and_o the_o several_a paroch_n kirk_n be_v not_o distinct_a benefice_n but_o part_n beneficii_fw-la but_o most_o be_v serve_v by_o the_o bishop_n himself_o or_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v a_o stipendiary_a and_o by_o the_o 19_o act_n parl._n 1633._o all_o minister_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v provide_v with_o sufficient_a stipend_n be_v eight_o chalder_n of_o victual_n or_o eight_o hundred_o mark_n at_o least_o except_o in_o singular_a case_n refer_v to_o the_o commissioner_n for_o plantation_n of_o kirk_n who_o be_v authorize_v as_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n to_o value_v teind_n modify_a stipend_n and_o grant_v locality_n for_o fix_v thereof_o upon_o particular_a land_n the_o bishop_n have_v the_o patronage_n of_o some_o kirk_n without_o their_o diocy_n and_o do_v present_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o diocie_n but_o if_o the_o bishop_n shall_v acquire_v any_o patronage_n of_o a_o kirk_n within_o his_o own_o diocie_n that_o kirk_n can_v be_v patronat_n but_o become_v free_a and_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o bishop_n pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o he_o can_v present_v to_o himself_o yet_o by_o the_o collation_n the_o person_n collate_v be_v not_o a_o stipendiar_n but_o be_v parson_n or_o vicar_n and_o have_v the_o full_a benefit_n of_o the_o fruit_n except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v restrict_v by_o tack_n set_v lawful_o by_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n the_o common_a kirk_n which_o be_v to_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o their_o
price_n thereof_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o heretor_n to_o the_o said_n titular_o of_o erection_n with_o a_o burden_n of_o annuity_n to_o the_o king_n except_v the_o teind_n of_o the_o surrenderer_n own_o proper_a land_n be_v always_o subject_a to_o his_o majesty_n annuity_n which_o submission_n his_o majesty_n accept_v and_o there_o follow_v thereupon_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n at_o whitehall_n may_v 14._o 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o all_o teind_n belong_v to_o they_o or_o their_o patrimonial_a kirk_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o damnify_v in_o their_o benefice_n as_o they_o be_v then_o possess_v either_o in_o quantity_n or_o quality_n whether_o the_o examine_v be_v pay_v in_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v so_o that_o the_o submission_n do_v only_o reach_v to_o teind_n that_o be_v in_o tack_v or_o other_o use_n of_o payment_n and_o whereof_o the_o bishop_n or_o benefice_a person_n be_v not_o then_o in_o possession_n by_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v this_o submission_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n by_o the_o burrows_n of_o their_o teind_n in_o the_o same_o year_n and_o a_o four_o submission_n by_o several_a person_n have_v right_o to_o teind_n in_o anno_fw-la 1629._o the_o king_n do_v pronounce_v his_o decreet_a arbitral_n upon_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n upon_o the_o second_o of_o september_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o whereby_o he_o ordain_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o have_v ten_o year_n purchase_v for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o all_o their_o constant_a rent_n consist_v of_o victual_n or_o money_n the_o victual_n be_v reckon_v at_o a_o hundred_o mark_n the_o chalder_n deduce_v so_o much_o of_o the_o feu-duty_n as_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o blensh-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o infeftment_n of_o erection_n for_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o allow_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o retain_v the_o feu-duty_n until_o they_o be_v redeem_v his_o majesty_n do_v also_o decern_v that_o each_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v his_o own_o teind_n that_o such_o as_o have_v right_a to_o other_o man_n teind_n shall_v after_o valuation_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o constant_a rent_n which_o each_o land_n pay_v in_o stock_n and_o teind_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o teind_v and_o where_o the_o teind_v be_v value_v several_o that_o the_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n thereof_o deduce_v for_o the_o king_n ease_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_v teind_v for_o a_o heritable_a right_n be_v make_v nine_o year_n purchase_v and_o for_o other_o right_n of_o teind_n inferior_a to_o heritable_a right_n proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n thereof_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o commission_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o that_o both_o for_o tack_n of_o teind_n and_o patronage_n there_o be_v also_o decreet_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o the_o other_o submission_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o by_o the_o ten_o and_o fourteen_o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o superiority_n of_o all_o kirk-land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n except_o these_o belong_v to_o bishop_n with_o the_o feu-duty_n of_o the_o say_a superiority_n reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o titular_o of_o erection_n who_o subscribe_v the_o general_a surrender_n of_o submission_n their_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v at_o ten_o year_n purchase_n and_o reserve_v to_o they_o the_o property_n hold_v of_o his_o majesty_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o feu-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o old_a infeftment_n precede_v the_o annexation_n by_o the_o 12._o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o king_n restrict_v his_o general_a revocation_n in_o october_n 1625._o registrate_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n february_n 9_o 1626._o in_o a_o proclamation_n then_o emit_v and_o another_o july_n 21._o 1626._o to_o the_o annul_v all_o pretend_a right_n to_o the_o property_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o well_o annex_v as_o not_o annex_v whereof_o a_o account_n have_v be_v make_v in_o exchequer_n and_o of_o the_o principality_n unlawful_o dispone_v by_o his_o predecessor_n against_o the_o law_n and_o act_n then_o stand_v and_o to_o the_o annul_n of_o erection_n and_o other_o disposition_n of_o whatsoever_o land_n teind_n patronage_n and_o benefice_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o since_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o any_o other_o land_n and_o benefice_n mortify_v to_o pious_a use_n and_o of_o regality_n and_o heritable_a office_n and_o the_o change_n from_o ward_n to_o blensh_fw-mi or_o taxt-ward_n since_o the_o year_n 1540_o upon_o this_o progress_n it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o patronage_n that_o former_o belong_v to_o churchman_n and_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o land_n burrows_n or_o benefice_n and_o thereafter_o be_v erect_v in_o temporal_a estate_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o erection_n and_o next_o whether_o these_o more_o improper_a patronage_n of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n come_v in_o the_o abbot_n place_n do_v claim_v the_o right_n of_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n of_o stipendiary_a minister_n to_o these_o kirk_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o or_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o seem_v less_o difficulty_n that_o the_o patronage_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o abbot_n of_o kirk_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o patrimony_n but_o whereof_o they_o have_v only_o jus_o presentandi_fw-la do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n because_o such_o patronage_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o mention_v patronage_n yet_o the_o barony_n or_o benefice_n wherein_o such_o patronage_n be_v comprehend_v be_v express_o annex_v and_o barony_n or_o benefice_n be_v nomina_fw-la universitatis_fw-la will_v comprehend_v patronage_n incorporate_v therein_o or_o annex_v thereto_o so_o that_o without_o dissolution_n no_o subject_n can_v pretend_v right_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n who_o fall_v under_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n they_o have_v submit_v and_o surrender_v all_o their_o title_n of_o erection_n to_o the_o king_n and_o particular_o their_o patronage_n and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n ratify_v in_o parliament_n reserve_v only_o to_o they_o their_o property_n land_n and_o teind_n and_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v and_o the_o superiority_n be_v again_o annex_v which_o be_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o these_o ecclesiastical_a barony_n the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o the_o abbot_n comprehend_v in_o nomine_fw-la barroniae_fw-la do_v therewith_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v dispone_v after_o dissolutlon_n or_o a_o subject_n title_n to_o the_o advocation_n donation_n or_o right_o of_o patronage_n of_o such_o kirk_n be_v perfect_v by_o prescription_n for_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n 1617._o have_v no_o exception_n of_o the_o king_n right_o to_o which_o the_o prior_n act_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o that_o interruption_n within_o the_o forty_o year_n be_v requisite_a even_o for_o the_o king_n the_o form_n whereof_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o approven_v by_o parliament_n 1633._o cap._n 12._o but_o there_o be_v much_o more_o difficulty_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n concern_v the_o patronage_n of_o these_o kirk_n that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o abbot_n which_o before_o the_o reformation_n be_v not_o kirk_n patronat_fw-la but_o patrimonial_a but_o thereafter_o be_v dissolve_v and_o declare_v distinct_a paroch_n kirk_n the_o abbot_n power_n of_o nomination_n of_o viccar_n in_o these_o kirk_n become_v to_o be_v exercise_v by_o presentation_n to_o the_o kirk_n which_o presentation_n be_v give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o some_o kirk_n even_o where_o there_o be_v erection_n but_o in_o most_o erection_n the_o lord_n of_o erection_n do_v present_a as_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o do_v in_o their_o original_a or_o subsequent_a right_n insert_v the_o patronage_n of_o some_o or_o all_o of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o these_o abbacy_n and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o patronage_n be_v not_o express_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n have_v but_o small_a ground_n to_o pretend_v to_o these_o and_o where_o they_o be_v express_v and_o perfect_v by_o prescription_n they_o be_v secure_a so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v remain_v as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n to_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n where_o prescription_n have_v not_o clear_v the_o question_n but_o that_o sometime_o the_o king_n sometime_o the_o
cheislie_n feb._n 21._o 1666._o lord_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la his_o wodsetter_n feb._n 21._o 1666._o ogilvie_n contra_fw-la 10._o but_o where_o in_o wodset_n there_o be_v a_o condition_n of_o the_o neversion_n that_o a_o tack_v shall_v be_v grant_v for_o year_n after_o redemption_n that_o tack_v be_v not_o find_v take_v away_o by_o the_o act_n debtor_n and_o creditor_n but_o that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o old_a act_n par._n 1449._o cap._n 19_o far_o within_o the_o true_a avail_n it_o be_v usurary_a and_o null_a february_n 15._o 1666._o lord_n lie_v contra_fw-la porteous_n february_n 17._o 1672._o douglass_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la and_o verner_n in_o which_o case_n the_o tack_v be_v sustain_v if_o it_o be_v not_o much_o within_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n as_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o grant_v the_o wodset_n albeit_o it_o be_v much_o within_o the_o worth_a the_o time_n of_o the_o redemption_n because_o there_o be_v a_o just_a design_n in_o such_o tack_n to_o encourage_v the_o wodsetter_n to_o meliorat_a the_o wodset_a land_n and_o be_v at_o expense_n therefore_o see_v he_o will_v retain_v the_o same_o after_o the_o redemption_n for_o the_o old_a rent_n they_o be_v worth_a when_o wodset_n and_o the_o rend_v express_v in_o the_o tack_v will_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o true_a rent_n unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v but_o such_o a_o wodset_n grant_v to_o a_o brother_n for_o his_o portion_n wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v exclude_v from_o possession_n during_o a_o liferenters_n life_n the_o tack_v be_v sustain_v jan._n 21._o 1662._o laird_n of_o polwart_n contra_fw-la home_n 11._o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o back-tack_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v by_o the_o wodsetter_n to_o the_o reverser_n or_o for_o his_o behoof_n or_o a_o provision_n to_o count_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n or_o to_o hold_v the_o land_n at_o such_o a_o rent_n it_o be_v a_o improper_a wodset_n 12._o a_o public_a wodset_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o constituent_v superior_a require_v beside_o the_o reversion_n a_o regress_n which_o be_v a_o obligement_n upon_o the_o superior_a to_o receive_v and_o enter_v the_o reverse_a his_o vassal_n again_o upon_o the_o redemption_n the_o necessity_n whereof_o be_v because_o by_o the_o infeftment_n though_o of_o wodset_n the_o constituent_n be_v denude_v and_o the_o superior_a have_v a_o new_a vassal_n in_o who_o place_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o accept_v any_o other_o but_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n craig_n lib._n 2._o diege_n 6._o move_v this_o question_n whether_o a_o public_a wodset_n be_v redeem_v and_o the_o reverse_a reseased_n therein_o it_o will_v be_v account_v heretage_n or_o conquest_n and_o though_o it_o seem_v conquest_n because_o it_o be_v a_o new_a infeftment_n and_o not_o the_o old_a yet_o he_o well_o resolve_v that_o if_o it_o return_v to_o the_o person_n or_o heir_n of_o he_o who_o be_v first_o infeft_v if_o it_o be_v heretage_n before_o it_o remain_v so_o but_o if_o a_o assignee_n to_o the_o reversion_n and_o regress_n be_v inse_v it_o be_v true_o conquest_n 13._o it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o destitution_n of_o wodset_n and_o how_o they_o cease_v and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o consent_n or_o by_o law_n by_o consent_n either_o when_o the_o reversion_n be_v discharge_v whereby_o the_o infeftment_n become_v irredeemable_a and_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o wodset_n which_o discharge_v of_o the_o reversion_n be_v not_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n unless_o registrat_n conform_v to_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parl._n 1617._o cap._n 16._o or_o otherways_o by_o voluntary_a redemption_n of_o the_o wodset_n which_o must_v be_v registrat_n by_o the_o say_a act_n or_o else_o it_o prejudge_v no_o singular_a successor_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o effectual_a to_o denude_v the_o wodsetter_n unless_o if_o the_o wodset_n be_v base_a there_o be_v a_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la in_o the_o reversers_n hand_n as_o superior_a or_o if_o it_o be_v public_a that_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodset_n be_v reseased_n and_o a_o renunciation_n without_o a_o new_a infeftment_n be_v not_o sufficient_a hope_n alienation_n kinross_n contra_fw-la durie_n november_n 23._o 1627._o dumbar_n contra_fw-la wilson_n but_o if_o the_o reverser_n or_o his_o predecessor_n be_v infeft_v a_o renunciation_n may_v exclude_v the_o renucer_n right_o but_o will_v not_o establish_v it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o reverser_n but_o he_o must_v brook_v by_o his_o own_o right_n hope_n alienation_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la mcaddam_n where_o wodset_n be_v take_v hold_v of_o the_o superior_a regress_n be_v also_o take_v from_o the_o superior_a and_o new_a infeftment_n thereupon_o to_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodset_n but_o when_o neversion_n be_v carry_v by_o assignation_n apprising_n or_o adjudication_n to_o these_o who_o be_v never_o infeft_v they_o must_v not_o only_o have_v a_o renunciation_n from_o the_o wodseter_n but_o a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v infeft_v in_o which_o case_n the_o wodset-right_a be_v not_o extinct_a but_o convey_v and_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v their_o author_n and_o may_v not_o resuse_v procuratory_n of_o resignation_n or_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n upon_o the_o redemption_n and_o if_o the_o wodset-land_n be_v not_o ward_n he_o must_v grnt_a precept_n of_o seasine_n for_o infeft_v the_o reverser_n hold_v of_o the_o wodsetter_n and_o if_o infeftment_n follow_v thereupon_o and_o the_o seasine_a be_v registrate_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o registrate_n the_o renunciation_n or_o grant_n of_o redemption_n so_o that_o a_o renunciation_n or_o grant_n of_o redemption_n be_v registrate_n exclude_v posterior_n deed_n of_o the_o wodsetter_n who_o yet_o continue_v in_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o casuality_n will_v fall_v by_o his_o death_n or_o deed_n voluntar_n redemption_n be_v not_o so_o safe_a be_v use_v against_o pupil_n and_o minor_n who_o tutor_n and_o curator_n ought_v to_o proceed_v legal_o in_o infeftment_n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o wodset_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o their_o heir_n a_o voluntar_n redemption_n by_o the_o husband_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a to_o to_o prejudge_v the_o wife_n who_o consent_v not_o july_n 14._o and_o 17._o 1610._o lord_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 14._o wodset_n be_v take_v off_o legal_o when_o the_o reversion_n be_v legal_o annul_v as_o by_o declarator_n of_o expyre_v thereof_o for_o thereby_o the_o infeftment_n become_v irredeemable_a but_o be_v chief_o by_o a_o legal_a redemption_n which_o do_v require_v a_o order_n of_o redemption_n and_o a_o declarator_n thereupon_o which_o must_v be_v diverse_o use_v in_o legal-reversion_n and_o in_o conventional-reversion_n 15._o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n of_o apprizing_n and_o adjudication_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o legal_a reversion_n be_v valide_fw-la by_o premonition_n and_o consignation_n and_o instrument_n take_v thereupon_o wherein_o there_o be_v not_o appoint_v a_o determinat_fw-la time_n upon_o which_o the_o premonition_n must_v be_v make_v or_o a_o determinate_a place_n where_o the_o consignation_n must_v be_v make_v nor_o the_o person_n of_o the_o consignator_n but_o the_o premonition_n may_v be_v upon_o any_o number_n of_o day_n sufficient_a for_o the_o consignation_n yea_o though_o it_o be_v the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o premonition_n as_o craig_n observe_v but_o if_o the_o creditor_n be_v personal_o apprehend_v the_o consignation_n must_v be_v in_o the_o way_n most_o to_o his_o advantage_n which_o therefore_o he_o may_v prescrive_v be_v either_o near_o the_o place_n of_o premonition_n or_o the_o land_n wodset_n or_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n where_o they_o lie_v which_o craig_n account_v competent_a place_n or_o if_o he_o choose_v any_o other_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o consigner_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a but_o if_o he_o choose_v none_o the_o premonisher_n must_v either_o consign_v that_o day_n where_o he_o find_v the_o creditor_n or_o if_o not_o that_o day_n or_o if_o he_o use_v premonition_n at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n he_o must_v consign_v either_o at_o the_o appryzers_n dwellinghouse_n or_o paroch_n kirk_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v as_o say_v be_v if_o the_o creditor_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n or_o have_v no_o certain_a abode_n letter_n of_o premonition_n will_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la for_o premonition_n upon_o sixty_o day_n at_o the_o cross_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o for_o consignation_n to_o be_v make_v in_o edinburgh_n yea_o the_o order_n be_v sustain_v for_o redemption_n of_o a_o apprize_a near_o expyre_v albeit_o the_o consignation_n be_v only_o at_o edinburgh_n and_o not_o at_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n where_fw-mi the_o land_n lay_v or_o at_o the_o debtor_n dwellinghouse_n he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n feb._n 22._o 1631._o murray_n contra_fw-la lord_n yester_n but_o where_o the_o party_n be_v in_o the_o country_n this_o order_n by_o summons_n of_o
acquire_v by_o a_o just_a title_n though_o for_o a_o cause_n onerous_a and_o a_o equivalent_a price_n and_o by_o continuation_n of_o possession_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la yet_o prescription_n take_v no_o effect_n because_o of_o the_o inherent_a vitiosity_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o rapine_n or_o violent_a possession_n yet_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o such_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n rather_o by_o that_o right_n that_o follow_v possession_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la of_o which_o former_o in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n then_o by_o prescription_n three_o it_o run_v not_o against_o pupil_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n though_o some_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o movable_n yet_o it_o run_v against_o other_o minor_n but_o they_o may_v be_v restore_v if_o they_o pursue_v for_o restitution_n in_o the_o time_n and_o manner_n prescribe_v in_o law_n 11._o to_o come_v now_o close_o to_o our_o law_n concern_v prescription_n our_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n be_v by_o the_o course_n of_o forty_o year_n both_o in_o movable_n and_o immovables_n obligation_n action_n act_n decreet_n and_o general_o all_o right_n as_o well_o against_o these_o absent_a as_o present_v we_o have_v not_o these_o difference_n which_o we_o have_v show_v be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o because_o our_o prescription_n be_v so_o long_o there_o be_v little_a question_n with_o we_o de_fw-fr bona_fw-la fide_fw-la but_o there_o must_v be_v continual_a possession_n free_a from_o interruption_n and_o in_o land_n and_o other_o fee_n a_o title_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 12._o by_o our_o ancient_a custom_n there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o prescription_n in_o any_o case_n which_o have_v be_v correct_v by_o our_o statute_n both_o as_o to_o long_a and_o short_a prescription_n first_o as_o to_o personal_a right_n in_o par._n 1469._o cap._n 28._o &_o par_fw-fr 1474._o c._n 54._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o as_o to_o all_o obligation_n that_o shall_v be_v pursue_v thereafter_o and_o that_o be_v not_o then_o depend_v in_o law_n before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n that_o if_o the_o creditor_n do_v not_o follow_v or_o pursue_v the_o obligation_n within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o year_n and_o take_v document_n thereupon_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v prescrive_v and_o of_o no_o avail_n which_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v only_a obligation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v simple_a obligation_n be_v also_o extend_v to_o other_o as_o contract_n of_o marriage_n whereupon_o no_o marriage_n follow_v as_o may_v be_v infer_v argumenta_fw-la a_o contrario_fw-la from_o the_o decision_n february_n 26._o 1622._o sir_n george_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la lord_n sinclar_n and_o afterward_o it_o have_v be_v ordinary_o extend_v even_o to_o contract_n of_o marriage_n wherepon_n marriage_n follow_v november_n 27._o 1630._o lauder_n contra_fw-la colmiln_n december_n 23._o 1630._o ogilbie_n contra_fw-la lord_n ogilbie_n it_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o testament_n june_n 19_o 1627._o lundie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balgoum_n and_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o pursuite_n for_o tutor_n count_n hope_n prescription_n it_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o all_o decreet_n though_o in_o foro_fw-la contradictorio_fw-la and_o this_o ordain_v to_o stand_v as_o a_o constant_a practic_n july_n 26._o 1637._o laird_n of_o lawyer_n contra_fw-la dumbar_n 13._o prescription_n of_o forty_o yeay_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o constitute_v the_o right_n to_o a_o bell_n in_o a_o kirk-steeple_n against_o another_o kirk_n pursue_v therefore_o without_o instruct_v a_o title_n whereby_o they_o have_v the_o bell_n which_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v instruct_v but_o be_v presume_v from_o possession_n in_o movable_n december_n 7._o 1633._o minister_n and_o session_n of_o aberchirdo_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n and_o kirk_n of_o chanrie_n 14._o prescription_n be_v odious_a the_o forty_o year_n be_v account_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o run_a but_o the_o complete_n of_o the_o forty_o year_n that_o make_v prescription_n and_o therefore_o a_o write_v blank_a in_o the_o month_n and_o day_n express_v the_o year_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o last_o of_o december_n that_o year_n and_o because_o there_o be_v three_o quarter_n want_v of_o forty_o year_n before_o insist_v upon_o the_o pursuit_n thereupon_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o not_o prescribe_v sep._n 23._o 1630._o ogilbie_n contra_fw-la lord_n ogilbie_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o length_n of_o this_o prescription_n it_o be_v account_v ex_fw-la tempore_fw-la continuo_fw-la &_o non_fw-la utili_fw-la and_o so_o no_o abatement_n for_o the_o time_n of_o trouble_n or_o surcease_v of_o justice_n even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o mortification_n to_o beadman_n june_n 30._o 1671._o beadman_n of_o magdalen_n chapel_n contra_fw-la gavin_n drysdale_n after_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v no_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a and_o real_a right_n and_o therefore_o not_o of_o a_o decreet_a of_o poind_v the_o ground_n hope_v prescription_n sir_n george_n currier_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o louristoun_n only_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o produce_v procuratory_n or_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la or_o other_o precept_n of_o seasine_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n whereof_o the_o heretor_n and_o their_o author_n or_o liferenter_n have_v liferent_n reserve_v in_o their_o infeftment_n be_v in_o possession_n forty_o year_n together_o their_o charter_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o precept_n the_o want_v whereof_o shall_v make_v no_o reduction_n the_o charter_n and_o seasine_n be_v extant_a par._n 1594._o cap._n 214._o 15._o but_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n be_v introduce_v of_o all_o heritable_a and_o other_o right_n par._n 1617._o cap._n 12._o where_o the_o heretor_n their_o predecessor_n and_o author_n possess_v land_n annualrent_a or_o other_o heritage_n by_o themselves_o their_o tenant_n or_o other_o have_v their_o right_n as_o by_o liferenter_n for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o year_n together_o follow_v the_o date_n of_o their_o infeftment_n without_o lawful_a interruption_n that_o such_o shall_v not_o be_v trouble_v pursue_v or_o unquiet_v by_o hismajesty_n and_o other_o superior_n &_o author_n their_o heir_n and_o successor_n uponany_n ground_n whatsoever_o except_o upon_o falsehood_n provide_v such_o heretor_n show_v a_o charter_n to_o they_o or_o their_o author_n precede_v the_o say_n forty_o year_n possession_n with_o the_o instrument_n of_o seasine_n follow_v thereupon_o or_o otherways_o instrument_n of_o seasine_n one_o or_o more_o continue_v and_o stand_v together_o for_o the_o say_a space_n of_o forty_o year_n either_o proceed_n upon_o retour_n or_o precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la where_o by_o stand_v together_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v unreduce_v but_o that_o either_o the_o vassal_n live_v and_o brook_v by_o one_o seasine_n forty_o year_n or_o if_o he_o die_v that_o the_o seasine_a be_v renew_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o continue_v not_o only_o the_o possession_n but_o the_o seasine_a forty_o year_n in_o which_o the_o continuation_n of_o seasine_n can_v be_v reckon_v de_fw-fr diein_fw-fr diem_fw-la because_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n first_o cease_v and_o the_o service_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o law_n give_v annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la to_o consider_v whether_o the_o heretage_n will_v be_v beneficial_a or_o hurtful_a and_o according_o whether_o he_o will_v enter_v or_o not_o february_n 15._o 1671._o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la lord_n of_o mcnaughtoun_n and_o also_o all_o action_n upon_o heritable_a bond_n reversion_n contract_n or_o other_o whatsoever_o except_o reversion_n incorporat_a within_o the_o body_n of_o infeftment_n use_v by_o the_o heretor_n for_o their_o title_n or_o registrat_n in_o the_o register_n of_o reversion_n which_o general_a clause_n be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o action_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n though_o if_o no_o other_o heir_n have_v be_v retour_v the_o right_a of_o blood_n prescrive_v not_o but_o any_o person_n may_v enter_v heir_n to_o his_o predecessor_n who_o die_v hundred_o of_o year_n before_o yet_o if_o any_o other_o be_v enter_v he_o can_v after_o forty_o year_n quarrel_n or_o reduce_v the_o same_o by_o the_o general_a act_n of_o prescription_n though_o the_o retour_fw-fr be_v anterior_a to_o the_o special_a act_n of_o prescription_n of_o retour_n par._n 1617._o cap._n 13._o whereby_o retour_n thereafter_o be_v irreducible_a if_o not_o quarrel_v within_o twenty_o year_n november_n 28._o 1665._o young_a contra_fw-la johnstoun_n in_o the_o former_a statute_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o action_n of_o warrandice_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bond_n or_o infeftment_n whereupon_o warrandice_n be_v seek_v but_o only_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o distress_n 16._o but_o this_o prescription_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v against_o superior_n upon_o their_o vassal_n possession_n
town_n of_o kilcudbright_n prescription_n as_o to_o the_o king_n be_v find_v sufficient_o interrupt_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n publish_v at_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o land_n in_o question_n lie_v without_o citation_n or_o charge_n march_v 30._o 1630._o earl_n of_o monteith_n contra_fw-la 27._o there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la of_o the_o penult_n of_o march_n 1630._o upon_o a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n bear_v that_o in_o respect_n by_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n 1617._o all_o heritable_a right_n clad_v with_o forty_o year_n possession_n be_v declare_v irreducible_a unless_o they_o have_v be_v quarrel_v within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o year_n 〈◊〉_d that_o act_n and_o liberty_n grant_v to_o intent_n action_n within_o he_o space_n of_o thirteen_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a act_n to_o interrupt_v prescription_n albeit_o there_o have_v be_v no_o interruption_n sor_n forty_o year_n before_o the_o say_a act_n and_o his_o majesty_n resolve_v to_o use_v interruption_n within_o the_o space_n of_o thirteen_o year_n of_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o preservation_n of_o his_o majesty_n right_o and_o action_n competent_a to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o that_o effect_n see_v a_o multitude_n that_o may_v be_v concern_v therein_o can_v commodiouslie_o be_v summon_v personal_o or_o at_o their_o dwelling-place_n within_o the_o say_n thirteen_o year_n which_o be_v to_o expire_v in_o june_n 1630._o and_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o some_o solemn_a act_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o testify_v the_o king_n will_v and_o resolution_n to_o prosecute_v action_n in_o his_o own_o time_n which_o can_v not_o be_v more_o proper_o and_o convenient_o do_v nor_o by_o insert_v and_o publish_v as_o follow_v therefore_o his_o majesty_n appoint_v his_o declaration_n for_o prosecute_a his_o right_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o publication_n thereupon_o direct_v to_o be_v publish_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o other_o place_n needful_a and_o desire_v the_o lord_n to_o declare_v the_o 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o legal_a and_o lawful_a interruption_n which_o the_o lord_n enact_v to_o be_v do_v according_o as_o to_o the_o particular_n thereincontained_n and_o 〈◊〉_d letter_n of_o publication_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o other_o mercat_n cross_v of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o land_n and_o barony_n lie_v or_o where_o the_o person_n interress_v therein_o reside_v and_o at_o the_o say_a mercat_n cross_a of_o edinburgh_n and_o peer_n of_o leith_n for_o these_o without_o the_o kingdom_n which_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la be_v ratify_v par._n 1633._o cap._n 12._o which_o letter_n and_o acts._n extend_v to_o his_o majesty_n annex_v and_o non-annexed_n property_n whereof_o the_o ferm_n duty_n and_o feu-ferms_a be_v count_v for_o in_o exchequer_n since_o the_o month_n of_o august_n 1455._o and_o to_o the_o principality_n and_o to_o the_o erection_n of_o benefice_n spirituality_n or_o temporality_n patronage_n of_o kirk_n pertain_v to_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n regality_n and_o heritable_a office_n any_o of_o the_o said_n particular_n be_v unlawful_o dispone_v against_o the_o law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o likewise_o against_o change_v of_o ward_n in_o blensh_fw-mi or_o taxt-ward_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o predecessor_n in_o their_o minority_n and_o not_o ratify_v by_o any_o king_n or_o prince_n in_o their_o minority_n and_o but_o prejudice_n to_o any_o person_n of_o their_o lawful_a defence_n in_o action_n to_o be_v intent_a by_o his_o majesty_n thereupon_o in_o prescription_n this_o be_v a_o general_a exception_n contra_fw-la non_fw-la valentem_fw-la agere_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la and_o therefore_o bond_n prescrive_v not_o from_o their_o date_n but_o from_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n february_n 17._o 1655._o james_n butter_n contra_fw-la grace_n june_n 23._o 1675._o david_n bruce_n contra_fw-la james_n bruce_n and_o inhibition_n prescrive_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o last_o execution_n and_o not_o from_o the_o registration_n february_n 19_o 1680._o lutefoot_n contra_fw-la prestoun_n so_o a_o obligement_n by_o a_o cautioner_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n obliege_v to_o impoly_n a_o sum_n for_o the_o wife_n use_n find_v only_o to_o run_v from_o her_o husband_n death_n july_n 5._o 1665._o mckie_n contra_fw-la stuart_n and_o likewise_o prescription_n be_v not_o find_v to_o run_v against_o a_o party_n to_o take_v away_o his_o infeftment_n see_v he_o have_v give_v a_o liferent-right_a which_o will_v have_v exclude_v he_o from_o any_o action_n that_o can_v have_v attain_v possession_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o use_v declarator_n or_o reduction_n in_o this_o case_n more_o than_o in_o the_o prescription_n of_o bond_n from_o their_o date_n february_n 1668._o earl_n of_o lauderdail_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o oxinfoord_n the_o like_a january_n 17._o 1672._o young_a contra_fw-la thomson_n february_n 15._o 1680._o brown_a of_o colstoun_n contra_fw-la hepburn_n of_o bear-foord_n yea_o prescription_n be_v find_v not_o to_o run_v against_o a_o party_n forefault_n and_o sequestrate_v by_o the_o usurper_n who_o possess_v his_o right_n in_o question_n for_o eight_o year_n which_o year_n therefore_o be_v deduce_v january_n 15._o 1678._o duke_n of_o lauderdail_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o tweedale_n but_o where_o a_o party_n be_v not_o forefault_n but_o dare_v not_o appear_v during_o the_o usurpation_n he_o be_v not_o find_v non_fw-la valen_n agere_fw-la see_v he_o may_v pursue_v by_o a_o procurator_n or_o assigney_n july_n 24._o 1678._o colonel_n whitefoord_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o kilmarnock_n yea._n prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o liferent_a of_o a_o wife_n in_o a_o sum_n payable_a to_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n the_o long_a liver_n though_o the_o stock_n be_v prescrive_v against_o the_o husband_n who_o neither_o insist_v nor_o get_v annual_a for_o forty_o year_n but_o not_o against_o the_o wife_n interest_n in_o the_o annualrent_n though_o the_o sum_n bear_v no_o annualrent_n yet_o the_o wife_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o uplist_a the_o sum_n and_o to_o re-imploy_a it_o for_o her_o liferent_a use_n july_n 22._o 1675._o janet_n gaw_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o weims_n our_o statute_n have_v introduce_v several_a short_a prescription_n as_o the_o right_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v do_v require_v which_o we_o shall_v short_o represent_v not_o according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o be_v introduce_v but_o according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o their_o endurance_n most_o of_o they_o occur_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n with_o the_o right_n whereto_o they_o relate_v 28._o and_o first_o our_o law_n have_v introduce_v the_o annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o heir_n because_o if_o once_o they_o enter_v or_o immix_v themselves_o in_o their_o predecessor_n heretage_n they_o become_v liable_a for_o their_o whole_a debt_n though_o far_o exceed_v the_o worth_n of_o their_o heretage_n and_o therefore_o the_o heir_n appearand_n have_v a_o year_n to_o deliberate_v whether_o the_o heretage_n will_v be_v profitable_a during_o which_o he_o may_v not_o only_o inquire_v but_o may_v pursue_v action_n of_o exhibition_n ad_fw-la deliberandum_fw-la and_o if_o they_o forbear_v they_o be_v free_a of_o all_o action_n against_o they_o or_o the_o heretage_n during_o that_o year_n and_o therefore_o that_o privilege_n prescrive_v in_o a_o year_n and_o day_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n 29._o second_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o cap._n 24._o there_o be_v a_o preference_n grant_v to_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n prefer_v they_o to_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o appearand_a heir_n so_o that_o all_o diligence_n by_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n against_o the_o defunct_n estate_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o diligence_n for_o debt_n contract_v by_o appearand_a heir_n provide_v the_o say_n diligence_n of_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n be_v complete_a within_o three_o year_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n albeit_o the_o be_v complete_a be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o statute_n yet_o by_o the_o design_n thereof_o it_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v for_o if_o diligence_n inchoat_fw-la in_o these_o three_o year_n though_o prefected_a thereafter_o will_v be_v sufficient_a the_o preference_n will_v not_o be_v for_o three_o year_n but_o may_v come_v to_o be_v for_o thirty_o year_n complete_a diligence_n be_v appryzing_n or_o adjudicrtion_n with_o infeftment_n or_o a_o charge_n against_o the_o superior_a to_o infeft_v poind_v and_o decreet_n for_o make_v arrest_v sum_n or_o good_n forthcoming_a and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n disposition_n by_o heir_n or_o appearand_a heris_fw-la of_o the_o defunct_n eltate_n be_v declare_v not_o to_o be_v valid_a against_o the_o predecessor_n creditor_n unless_o make_v a_o
contra_fw-la fleming_n the_o like_a find_v of_o a_o liferent_a which_o carry_v the_o right_n of_o a_o reversion_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o liferenters_n life_n decem._n 5._o 1665._o beg_v contra_fw-la beg._n 2._o there_o be_v no_o question_n of_o this_o accression_n when_o the_o disponer_n disponeth_n for_o all_o right_n he_o have_v have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v which_o be_v a_o general_a assignation_n or_o disposition_n of_o any_o right_a superveen_n if_o the_o debate_n fall_v betwixt_o the_o disponer_n and_o successor_n there_o be_v also_o little_a question_n if_o the_o right_o dispone_v have_v express_v or_o employ_v absolute_a warrandice_n as_o be_v for_o a_o cause_n onerous_a in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o question_n be_v betwixt_o the_o disponer_n and_o successor_n he_o who_o dispone_v for_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n import_v his_o acknowledgement_n of_o have_v a_o absolute_a right_n can_v clothe_v himself_o with_o any_o posterior_n right_o which_o will_v infer_v warrandice_n against_o he_o if_o it_o be_v in_o another_o person_n and_o therefore_o that_o personal_a objection_n exclude_v he_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n neither_o be_v it_o questionable_a that_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o assignation_n be_v limit_v as_o be_v only_o to_o a_o particular_a title_n or_o general_o for_o any_o right_n the_o disponer_n have_v or_o bear_v warrandice_n from_o his_o own_o fact_n and_o deed_n then_o if_o he_o acquire_v a_o posterior_n right_o he_o may_v make_v use_n thereof_o against_o that_o person_n to_o who_o he_o dispone_v much_o more_o may_v any_o singular_a successor_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n decide_v july_n 19_o 1664._o betwixt_o dam_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n and_o sir_n robert_n sinclar_a her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n anent_o the_o teind_n of_o kello_n and_o kimmergem_n whereof_o the_o earl_n of_o home_n common_a author_n give_v a_o tack_v to_o wedderburns_n predecessor_n with_o warrandice_n from_o his_o own_o deed_n and_o any_o right_n the_o earl_n then_o have_v be_v reduce_v he_o do_v thereafter_o acquire_v a_o new_a right_n from_o coldinghame_n and_o thereupon_o grant_v a_o right_n to_o william_n dowglas_n of_o eula_n to_o who_o the_o say_a dam_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n be_v heir_n which_o supperveen_v right_o be_v find_v not_o to_o accresce_fw-it to_o wedderburn_n to_o defend_v his_o tack_v see_v he_o have_v not_o absolute_a warrandice_n but_o from_o his_o own_o deed_n only_o but_o the_o main_a question_n be_v when_o the_o contraversie_n be_v not_o betwixt_o the_o author_n and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o dispones_fw-la but_o betwixt_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o that_o author_n and_o that_o party_n to_o who_o he_o have_v dispone_v before_o in_o which_o case_n the_o personal_a objection_n upon_o the_o warrandice_n have_v no_o place_n and_o ofttimes_o the_o right_a superveen_n require_v special_a solemnity_n and_o can_v be_v transmit_v without_o these_o as_o resignation_n confirmation_n seasine_n yet_o even_o in_o these_o case_n reason_n and_o the_o lord_n decision_n extend_v the_o rule_n so_o that_o the_o superveen_a right_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la accresces_fw-la without_o any_o new_a solemnity_n but_o if_o the_o necessary_a solemnity_n have_v precede_v when_o there_o be_v no_o right_a whensoever_o the_o right_a superveen_n it_o be_v draw_v back_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o former_a solemnity_n fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o so_o if_o a_o superior_a acquire_v the_o right_n of_o forefaultry_a of_o his_o superior_a the_o same_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la accresce_v to_o the_o sub-vassal_n and_o can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o they_o spot_n conjunctfee_n malcolm_n crawford_n contra_fw-la mordistoun_n the_o like_a be_v find_v feb._n 15._o 16._o 1665._o boid_n of_o penkil_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o carsluth_n in_o which_o case_n the_o vassal_n be_v ordain_v to_o pay_v their_o share_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o ward_n but_o where_o the_o superveen_a right_n befall_v to_o the_o author_n appearand_a heir_n and_o be_v by_o he_o dispone_v to_o another_o before_o he_o be_v enter_v heir_n in_o that_o case_n the_o author_n appearand_a heir_n obtain_v gift_n of_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o land_n dispone_v to_o vassal_n the_o say_v liferent_a be_v not_o find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o vassal_n because_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v denude_v thereof_o in_o favour_n of_o another_o before_o he_o be_v heir_n july_n 5._o 1611._o james_n skeen_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o athol_n this_o rule_n be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o a_o supervenient_a right_n by_o decreet_a of_o reduction_n and_o improbation_n acquire_v by_o swintown_n have_v right_o to_o the_o land_n of_o brimstoun_n be_v find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdail_n be_v restore_v july_n 13._o 1664._o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n contra_fw-la heretor_fw-la of_o wolmet_n but_o where_o a_o person_n have_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n do_v inse_v another_o in_o liferent_a himself_n never_o be_v infeft_v do_v assign_v the_o disposition_n to_o a_o three_o party_n who_o be_v thereupon_o infeft_v that_o disposition_n be_v not_o find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o annualrenter_fw-la because_o his_o author_n be_v never_o infeft_v thereupon_o june_n 29._o 1676._o james_n brown_n contra_fw-la smith_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o if_o a_o party_n grant_v infeftment_n before_o he_o be_v infeft_v himself_o and_o he_o thereafter_o infeft_v it_o accresce_v to_o that_o party_n who_o he_o infeft_v before_o if_o the_o question_n be_v betwixt_o they_o but_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o direct_o decide_v quid_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o these_o 〈◊〉_d if_o a_o person_n not_o infeft_v do_v give_v right_o to_o two_o party_n and_o thereafter_o be_v infeft_v to_o which_o of_o the_o two_o his_o superveen_a infeftment_n will_n accresce_fw-it or_o if_o he_o infeft_v one_o when_o he_o be_v not_o infeft_v and_o thereafter_o another_o when_o he_o be_v infeft_v which_o of_o these_o will_v have_v right_a but_o it_o seem_v the_o first_o infeftment_n in_o both_o case_n will_v be_v prefer_v because_o she_o common_a author_n right_o accresce_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o common_a author_n infeftment_n proceed_v upon_o the_o diligence_n of_o any_o party_n it_o may_v seem_v the_o same_o will_v only_o accresce_fw-it to_o he_o who_o be_v the_o procurer_n of_o it_o yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o first_o right_o with_o absolute_a warrandice_n june_n 21_o 1671._o john_n nielson_n contra_fw-la menzies_n of_o enoch_n but_o now_o to_o return_v to_o what_o be_v special_a in_o disposition_n 3._o a_o disposition_n be_v the_o transmission_n or_o conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n from_o the_o disponer_n to_o his_o singular_a successor_n not_o in_o contemplation_n of_o the_o disponer_n death_n for_o such_o be_v comprehend_v among_o succession_n from_o the_o dead_a as_o legacy_n donation_n mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o disposition_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o conveyance_n and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v not_o for_o the_o dispositive_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o but_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v requisite_a to_o complete_a the_o conveyance_n as_o tradition_n resignation_n possession_n though_o a_o disposition_n be_v ofttimes_o take_v as_o distinct_a from_o these_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a uptake_n of_o conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n consider_v first_o what_o be_v requifite_n to_o transmit_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n without_o any_o positive_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o next_o what_o by_o these_o be_v requisite_a to_o transmit_v the_o several_a right_n as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n how_o far_o dominion_n and_o property_n be_v competent_a by_o the_o law_n of_o rational_a nature_n and_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o though_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n nor_o custom_n that_o the_o rational_a creature_n be_v natural_o instruct_v how_o to_o dispone_v and_o alienate_v his_o own_o the_o power_n of_o disposal_n be_v the_o characteristic_a of_o dominion_n which_o be_v natural_a to_o man_n be_v create_v lord_n of_o the_o creature_n the_o question_n than_o be_v by_o what_o act_n man_n may_v natural_o exercise_v the_o power_n of_o disposal_n which_o can_v be_v no_o act_n of_o the_o understanding_n that_o be_v only_o contemplative_a and_o nothing_o active_a nor_o operative_a for_o constitute_v or_o transmit_v of_o right_n but_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o will_n for_o by_o it_o right_n be_v both_o acquire_v relinquish_v and_o alienate_v there_o may_v be_v three_o act_n of_o the_o will_n about_o the_o disposal_n of_o right_n a_o resolution_n to_o dispone_v a_o paction_n contract_n or_o obligation_n to_o dispone_n and_o a_o present_a will_n or_o consent_n that_o that_o which_o be_v the_o disponer_n be_v the_o acquirer_n resolution_n terminat_n within_o the_o resolver_n and_o may_v be_v dissolve_v by_o a_o contrary_a resolution_n
during_o these_o three_o year_n shall_v satisfy_v apprysing_n which_o be_v deduce_v since_o jan._n 1652._o be_v expyre_v according_a to_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v and_o dispone_v to_o other_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o that_o point_n in_o the_o say_a act_n the_o lord_n decide_v affirmative_a january_n 20._o 1666._o clappertoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o torfonce_n 41._o four_o the_o benefit_n of_o redemption_n be_v competent_a to_o creditor_n against_o the_o appearand_a heir_n of_o their_o debtor_n acquire_v right_a to_o expyre_v compryzing_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o appearand_a heir_n even_o during_o his_o father_n life_n june_n 19_o 1668._o burnet_n contra_fw-la naesmith_n or_o any_o person_n to_o their_o behoof_n acquire_v right_o to_o appryzing_n within_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o acquirer_n right_a for_o such_o sum_n only_o as_o they_o pay_v for_o acquire_v thereof_o and_o they_o be_v find_v extinct_a by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n intromission_n by_o exception_n which_o be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o it_o reach_v a_o apprize_a assign_v to_o a_o appearand_a heir_n though_o the_o assignation_n be_v before_o this_o statute_n see_v the_o infeftment_n which_o make_v the_o appearand_a heir_n right_o real_a and_o effectual_a be_v after_o and_o though_o the_o apprize_a be_v redeemable_a when_o acquire_v but_o expire_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n july_n 21._o 1671._o sir_n george_n maxwel_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkconnel_n but_o the_o appearand_a heir_n get_v right_o to_o the_o apprize_a gratis_o it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o creditor_n but_o only_o to_o be_v redeemable_a within_o ten_o year_n after_o his_o right_n for_o the_o sum_n whereupon_o the_o apprize_a proceed_v feb._n 13._o 1673._o intereosdem_fw-la a_o apprize_a acquire_v by_o the_o husband_n of_o a_o appearand_a heir_n find_v not_o redeemable_a by_o what_o be_v pay_v unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o wife_n mean_n or_o upon_o her_o account_n june_n 13._o 1674._o william_n richardson_n con_v palmer_n feb._n 21._o 1673._o richardson_n contra_fw-la colline_n laumond_n and_o skeen_n of_o halyard_n jan._n 15._o 1679._o andrew_n mcdowgal_n contra_fw-la sir_n hendrie_n guthrie_n and_o his_o spouse_n but_o this_o ten_o year_n reversion_n be_v not_o find_v competent_a to_o the_o debtor_n himself_o to_o redeem_v from_o his_o appearand_a heir_n decem._n 3._o 1680._o sir_n michael_n naesmith_n contra_fw-la james_n naesmith_n but_o a_o second_o brother_n acquire_v a_o apprize_a upon_o easy_a term_n when_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n be_v not_o find_v redeemable_a by_o this_o act_n not_o be_v esteem_v as_o appearand_a heir_n alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la feb._n 17._o 1675._o john_n mclurg_n contra_fw-la john_n gordoun_n and_o a_o apprize_a come_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n find_v satisfiable_a by_o the_o sum_n payable_a therefore_o by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n summary_o without_o reduction_n feb._n 22._o 1671._o sir_n david_n dumbar_n of_o baldoon_n contra_fw-la david_n dick._n the_o like_a find_v by_o exception_n or_o reply_n where_o the_o apprize_a be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o debiror_n elder_a son_n july_n 4._o 1671._o laird_n of_o balfour_n contra_fw-la william_n douglas_n the_o like_a where_o the_o apprize_v acquire_v by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v find_v satisfy_v by_o intromission_n equivalent_a to_o what_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o apprize_a the_o say_a intromission_n be_v either_o within_o the_o ten_o year_n or_o after_o the_o intent_v a_o summons_n of_o declarator_n offer_v to_o pay_v what_o remain_v after_o count_n and_o reckon_n it_o be_v find_v to_o prorogate_v the_o ten_o year_n reversion_n without_o any_o other_o order_n june_n 26._o 1677._o mr._n john_n kincaid_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o abergeldie_n 41._o apprysing_n deduce_v against_o appearand_a heir_n special_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n be_v not_o redeemable_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n who_o be_v never_o infeft_v but_o by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o who_o debt_n the_o apprysiing_n be_v deduce_v who_o die_v last_o vest_n before_o the_o appryse_v february_n 6._o 1668._o january_n 19_o 1669._o mr._n john_n johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n charles_n erskine_n 42._o minor_n have_v a_o special_a privilege_n that_o the_o legal_a reversion_n of_o apprysing_n run_v not_o against_o they_o during_o their_o minority_n and_o how_o far_o this_o be_v extend_v to_o major_n succeed_v to_o minor_n vide_fw-la tit._n 6._o among_o privilege_n of_o minor_n vide_fw-la what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o appryse_v tit._n 13._o section_n 29._o and_o 30._o 43._o appryse_v while_o it_o be_v redeemable_a be_v but_o a_o legal_a diligence_n for_o security_n and_o the_o appryser_n may_v relinquish_v the_o same_o though_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n and_o may_v do_v any_o other_o diligence_n for_o recover_v his_o debt_n but_o if_o he_o continue_v to_o possess_v after_o the_o appryse_v become_v irredeemable_a the_o debt_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v and_o extinct_a which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o appryse_v prove_v ineffectual_a as_o to_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appryse_v the_o remnant_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o debt_n appryse_v for_o and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o a_o proportional_a part_n of_o the_o sum_n appryse_v for_o correspondent_a to_o the_o land_n that_o be_v evict_v shall_v remain_v due_a to_o the_o appryser_n june_n 18._o 1675._o laird_n of_o leys_n contra_fw-la forbess_n of_o blacktoun_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o procedure_n in_o apprysing_n will_v come_v in_o among_o legal_a execution_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 44._o adjudication_n be_v remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la introduce_v by_o custom_n where_o appryse_v can_v have_v no_o place_n as_o when_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v satisfy_v be_v not_o a_o liquidat_fw-la sum_fw-la or_o good_n ordinary_o liquidable_a but_o be_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n contain_v express_o or_o virtual_o a_o obligation_n to_o infeft_a the_o acquir_a or_o some_o other_o or_o a_o obligation_n consist_v in_o some_o fact_n to_o be_v perform_v or_o otherways_o where_o the_o debtor_n heir_n renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n whereby_o there_o be_v no_o party_n from_o who_o the_o land_n can_v be_v appryse_v therefore_o haereditas_fw-la jacens_fw-la be_v adjudge_v this_o remeid_v be_v introduce_v by_o the_o lord_n who_o have_v ample_a power_n to_o administrate_n justice_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v order_n for_o that_o effect_n do_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n or_o ancient_a custom_n by_o such_o new_a remeid_n as_o such_o new_a occur_v case_n do_v require_v among_o which_o adjudication_n be_v a_o prime_a one_o which_o craig_n testify_v to_o have_v be_v unknown_a to_o our_o predicessour_n and_o be_v but_o recent_a in_o his_o time_n and_o few_o decision_n thereupon_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v little_o know_v but_o be_v now_o by_o course_n of_o time_n further_o illustrate_v adjudication_n have_v place_n in_o two_o case_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ordinary_a be_v when_o the_o heir_n recounce_v to_o be_v heir_n in_o which_o case_n adjudication_n be_v competent_a whether_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v satisfy_v be_v liquidate_n or_o not_o the_o other_o be_v when_o the_o obligement_n to_o be_v satisfy_v consist_v in_o facto_fw-la and_o relate_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o particular_a thing_n which_o disposition_n or_o obligement_n not_o be_v fulfil_v by_o the_o debtor_n or_o disponer_n though_o all_o ordinary_a diligence_n be_v do_v than_o adjudication_n take_v place_n to_o make_v the_o same_o effectual_a as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n adjudication_n upon_o the_o appearand_a heir_n renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n proceed_v upon_o these_o way_n if_o he_o be_v pursue_v as_o lawful_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n for_o satisfy_v of_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o obligement_n he_o may_v renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o meddle_v either_o in_o the_o process_n against_o he_o as_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n or_o some_o time_n thereafter_o by_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n if_o he_o renunce_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n when_o the_o debt_n be_v not_o yet_o instruct_v and_o establish_v as_o when_o it_o proceed_v not_o upon_o a_o clear_a bond_n or_o write_v but_o abide_v probation_n by_o witness_n or_o otherways_o then_o before_o the_o process_n of_o adjudication_n there_o must_v be_v a_o process_n and_o sentence_n against_o the_o heir_n renunce_v cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o establish_v and_o prove_v the_o debt_n in_o which_o because_o there_o be_v necessity_n in_o all_o process_n to_o have_v a_o defender_n the_o appearand_a heir_n renunce_v be_v only_o call_v to_o supply_v that_o place_n cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o without_o any_o effect_n against_o he_o but_o only_o contra_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la jacentem_fw-la but_o if_o the_o appearand_a heir_n
his_o council_n in_o any_o matter_n to_o be_v inquire_v before_o they_o par._n 1564._o cap._n 129._o purchaser_n of_o benefice_n at_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v denunce_v as_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n par._n 1471._o cap._n 43._o par._n 1488._o cap._n 4._o par._n 1540_o cap._n 119._o so_o forger_n of_o the_o king_n coin_n and_o home-bringer_n thereof_o incur_v the_o lose_v of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1563._o cap._n 70._o say_v of_o mass_n reset_a of_o jesuit_n seminary_n priest_n and_o traffique_a papist_n and_o these_o themselves_o be_v liable_a to_o treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 120._o par._n 1607._o cap._n 1._o raise_v of_o fire_n wilful_o or_o burn_v of_o house_n or_o corn_n whither_o folk_n be_v therein_o or_o not_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 146._o land_a man_n commit_v or_o reset_a riot_n or_o robbery_n incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 50._o and_o general_o resetter_n maintainer_n and_o assister_n of_o declare_a traitor_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 144._o accuser_n of_o other_o of_o treason_n if_o the_o accuse_v be_v acquit_v commit_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 47._o 30._o forefaulture_n confiscate_v the_o forfaulted_a person_n whole_a estate_n without_o any_o access_n to_o his_o creditor_n yea_o without_o consideration_n of_o disposition_n infeftment_n or_o other_o real_a right_n grant_v by_o the_o forfaulted_a person_n since_o or_o before_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n for_o which_o he_o be_v forfault_v which_o fall_n and_o become_v null_n by_o exception_n hope_n forfaultur_n viscount_n of_o rochester_n contra_fw-la tevent_v of_o callaurock_n july_n 14._o 1610._o campbel_n contra_fw-la lifnories_n spot_n conjunctfie_n crawfoord_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o murdiestoun_n unless_o these_o right_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n as_o superior_a or_o consent_v to_o by_o he_o it_o only_o remain_v dubius_fw-la whether_o feu_n infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefault_n person_n before_o commit_v of_o the_o crime_n be_v also_o annult_v by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o feus_n parnell_n 155._o cap._n 72._o shall_v not_o only_o defend_v they_o against_o recognition_n and_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n but_o even_o against_o forfaultur_n itself_o it_o be_v therein_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n will_v ratify_v the_o say_n feus_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o other_o superior_n so_o that_o though_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la they_o be_v not_o confirm_v yet_o the_o declaration_n and_o obleigment_n of_o the_o statute_n stand_v as_o a_o confirmation_n thereof_o or_o at_o least_o as_o a_o obleigment_n upon_o all_o superior_n against_o which_o they_o nor_o their_o donator_n can_v come_v this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v while_o 〈◊〉_d be_v allow_v by_o law_n vide_fw-la title_n infefint_v 34._o sect._n it_o be_v so_o decide_v february_n 12._o 1674._o mark_n of_o huntlie_o contra_fw-la gordon_n cairnlorrow_n november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver_n craigs_fw-mi contra_fw-la land_n of_o auchinbreck_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n not_o only_o because_o the_o act_n of_o payliament_n 1587._o import_v a_o confirmation_n of_o feus_n grant_v thereafter_o but_o also_o because_o forefaulture_n be_v by_o penal_a statute_n and_o not_o by_o the_o feudal_n right_o like_v unto_o liferent_a escheat_n which_o return_v the_o fie_o to_o the_o superior_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o vassal_n whether_o feu_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o by_o annualrent_a or_o tack_v and_o therefore_o when_o any_o person_n be_v forefault_n that_o be_v not_o the_o king_n immediate_a ward_n vassal_n his_o estate_n both_o property_n and_o superiority_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o all_o real_a right_n constitute_v by_o the_o vassal_n yet_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o king_n immediate_a ward_n vassal_n proceed_v upon_o crime_n infer_v recognition_n and_o therefore_o return_v his_o ward_n land_n to_o the_o king_n as_o they_o come_v from_o the_o king_n free_a of_o all_o burden_n so_o that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o which_o unquestionable_o secure_v against_o ward_n and_o recognition_n must_v also_o secure_v feus_n against_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o feus_n but_o will_v not_o secure_v any_o other_o subaltern_a right_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n as_o a_o blensh_a infeftment_n jan._n 13._o 1677._o mark_n of_o huntlie_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o grant_n 32._o tack_n also_o be_v necessary_a and_o profitable_a be_v not_o exclude_v by_o forfaultur_n maitland_n december_n 14._o 1570._o home_o of_o manderstoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o oldhamstock_n leslie_n of_o wachtcun_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o like_o as_o to_o tack_n for_o a_o competent_a duty_n but_o not_o in_o tack_n for_o grassam_n january_n 28._o 1674._o general_n dalziel_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o caldwall_n 33._o but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1644._o forfaultur_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o all_o person_n not_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o the_o superior_a of_o the_o right_n of_o property_n of_o any_o land_n wodset_n or_o other_o hold_v by_o they_o of_o the_o forefault_n person_n or_o of_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o just_a debt_n or_o relief_n of_o their_o cautionry_n our_o of_o the_o forfaulted_a estate_n which_o be_v now_o rescind_v by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissary_n par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o 34._o forefaultur_n can_v not_o be_v pronunce_v in_o absence_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n by_o the_o justice_n gerneral_n but_o only_o by_o the_o parliament_n so_o that_o no_o certification_n of_o the_o justice_n can_v reach_v land_n but_o only_o movable_n so_o july_n 8._o 1662._o william_n yeoman_n contra_fw-la mr._n patrick_n oliphant_n neither_o can_v it_o extend_v to_o heritable_a band_n november_n 31._o 1671._o anthony_n hag_n contra_fw-la moscrop_a and_o rutherfoord_n but_o now_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o forefault_n absent_v in_o case_n of_o open_a rebellion_n and_o rise_v in_o arm_n par._n 1669._o cap._n 11._o 35._o because_o of_o the_o defficulty_n the_o king_n or_o his_o donatar_n may_v have_v in_o know_v the_o right_n of_o foresaulted_a person_n by_o labour_v the_o same_o with_o their_o own_o good_n set_v the_o same_o to_o tenant_n and_o up-lifting_a the_o mail_n and_o duty_n as_o their_o heritage_n and_o so_o be_v reput_fw-la heritable_a possessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n immediate_o precede_v the_o process_n of_o forefalture_n the_o land_n so_o labour_v or_o possess_v pertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o donatar_n though_o they_o can_v produce_v no_o heritable_a right_n or_o title_n thereof_o in_o the_o forefault_n person_n for_o trial_n whereof_o commission_n may_v be_v grant_v under_o the_o testimonial_a of_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o take_v cognition_n by_o a_o inquest_n what_o land_n be_v brook_v by_o the_o forefault_n person_n as_o heritable_a possessor_n thereof_o so_o common_o reput_n and_o esteem_v by_o the_o say_v five_o year_n space_n with_o power_n to_o call_v before_o they_o all_o party_n pretend_v interest_n which_o be_v reture_v to_o the_o chancelarie_n ad_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a right_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 2._o this_o right_n be_v sustain_v to_o a_o donatar_n though_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o presumeable_a to_o have_v his_o right_a july_n 11._o 1623._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la westeraw_n but_o here_o the_o donatar_n be_v make_v to_o depone_v that_o he_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o right_n be_v want_v hope_v possession_n inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la this_o right_n be_v not_o elide_v though_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o forefault_n person_n right_o be_v reduce_v in_o foro_fw-la contradictorio_fw-la upon_o recognition_n before_o his_o forefaulture_n feb._n 20._o 1611._o hairstons_n contra_fw-la ramebel_n so_o the_o say_v 5._o year_n possession_n be_v repute_n heritable_a possessor_n infer_v presumptionem_fw-la juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n right_o which_o admit_v no_o contrary_a probation_n as_o to_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n right_o if_o the_o quinquennial_n peaceable_a and_o lawful_a possession_n be_v prove_v but_o the_o probation_n thereof_o by_o inquest_n will_v not_o exclude_v a_o contrary_a probation_n by_o reduction_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o within_o the_o 5._o year_n and_o if_o the_o possession_n be_v not_o lawful_a and_o peaceable_a but_o interrupt_v or_o vicious_a the_o statute_n take_v no_o place_n for_o by_o possession_n lawful_a peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n must_v be_v understand_v and_o if_o any_o person_n have_v move_v action_n within_o the_o 5._o year_n for_o take_v away_o the_o rebel_n right_a and_o possession_n they_o will_v be_v hear_v after_o the_o forefaulture_n as_o
before_o yea_o citation_n before_o the_o 5._o year_n and_o inhibition_n in_o the_o 5._o year_n with_o a_o subsequent_a security_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o take_v off_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o act_n july_n 23._o 1666._o earl_n of_o southesk_n contra_fw-la marquis_n of_o huntlie_o this_o privilege_n be_v not_o competent_a by_o exception_n or_o reply_v offer_v to_o prove_v 5._o year_n possession_n but_o by_o a_o reture_n upon_o a_o commission_n serve_v by_o a_o inquest_n july_n 13._o 1666._o sr._n henry_n hoom_n contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n hoom._n in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o where_o there_o be_v tack_n or_o possession_n of_o land_n or_o teind_n possess_v by_o the_o forefault_n person_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o right_n thereof_o may_v also_o be_v abstract_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o donatar_n shall_v continue_v in_o that_o same_o possession_n for_o sieve_n year_n without_o any_o account_n for_o the_o profit_n thereof_o and_o long_o if_o a_o right_o be_v instruct_v of_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o if_o a_o few_o be_v forefault_n the_o land_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n precede_v the_o forefaulture_n because_o the_o discharge_v thereof_o may_v have_v be_v abstract_v possession_n for_o fever_n then_o 5._o year_n by_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v for_o 5_o year_n though_o no_o tack_v be_v instruct_v jannuary_n 24._o 1667._o sr._n henry_n hoom_n contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n hoom._n 36._o it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n carry_v therewith_o the_o right_n of_o the_o land_n to_o which_o he_o may_v succeed_v though_o he_o be_v never_o enter_v heir_n nor_o infeft_v whereof_o craig_n mention_n a_o case_n lib._n 2._o dieg._n 8._o that_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o laisindrum_fw-la be_v exclude_v from_o their_o succession_n to_o their_o goodsir_n because_o their_o father_n be_v forefault_n though_o he_o be_v never_o receive_v nor_o infeft_v in_o these_o land_n 37._o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n move_v but_o determine_v not_o this_o question_n whether_o the_o forefaulture_n inser_v a_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o all_o the_o descendants_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n whereby_o till_o they_o be_v restore_v they_o be_v incapable_a of_o any_o succession_n though_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o the_o maternal_a line_n this_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v frequent_o in_o fngland_n where_o person_n be_v special_o attaint_v and_o convict_v of_o treason_n and_o sometime_o with_o we_o it_o be_v call_v dishabilitation_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o doom_n or_o sentence_n that_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o person_n convict_v shall_v be_v incapable_a of_o land_n estate_n honour_n or_o office_n yea_o then_o fame_n and_o memory_n be_v sometime_o condemn_v and_o their_o surname_n abolish_v as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefalture_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gourie_n but_o it_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o our_o custom_n that_o forefaulture_n in_o other_o case_n shall_v infer_v this_o corruption_n of_o blood_n first_o because_o of_o the_o multiplication_n of_o case_n to_o which_o forefaulture_n be_v now_o extend_v as_o to_o th_a on_o 〈◊〉_d man_n and_o false_a coyn._n 2._o if_o none_o of_o the_o descendants_n of_o 〈◊〉_d person_n be_v capable_a of_o succession_n to_o any_o person_n that_o can_v not_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o any_o speciality_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o succession_n but_o of_o something_o in_o their_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o forefaulture_n exclude_v they_o thence_o which_o will_v not_o only_o take_v place_n in_o heritage_n but_o in_o movable_n yea_o the_o oye_n or_o far_a offspring_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n can_v not_o succeed_v to_o their_o ownimmediat_a parent_n which_o will_v infer_v that_o they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o no_o good_n or_o mean_n but_o the_o same_o will_v be_v instant_o confiscate_v 3._o though_o forefaulture_n in_o scotland_n have_v be_v very_o frequent_a the_o offpring_a of_o such_o have_v ordinary_o acquire_v land_n and_o good_n and_o their_o child_n succeed_v they_o therein_o without_o obtain_v restitution_n of_o their_o blood_n so_o that_o this_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v think_v a_o speciality_n in_o some_o attrocious_a treason_n by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o doom_n of_o forefaulture_n than_o a_o general_a consequence_n thereof_o 38._o but_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v forefault_v the_o king_n have_v right_a to_o the_o heritage_n to_o which_o he_o may_v succeed_v it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o that_o my_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o appearand_a heir_n if_o he_o be_v forefault_v during_o his_o predecessor_n life_n or_o if_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n that_o the_o heir_n apparent_a be_v forefault_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o predecessor_n where_o de_fw-fr presenti_fw-la he_o may_v be_v heir_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n if_o the_o person_n forefault_v shall_v be_v fugitive_n and_o survive_v his_o predecessor_n but_o the_o heritage_n accrese_v to_o he_o wherein_o he_o may_v de_fw-la presenti_fw-la infeft_v will_v fall_v under_o forefaulture_n though_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o infeft_v and_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o clear_a that_o be_v forefault_v if_o he_o shall_v die_v before_o his_o predecessor_n that_o his_o brother_n or_o collateral_n may_v succeed_v to_o their_o father_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n if_o he_o have_v survive_v they_o will_v have_v succeed_v it_o be_v more_o doubtful_a whether_o his_o descendants_n can_v if_o any_o be_v for_o these_o will_v exclude_v the_o collaterall_n and_o there_o seem_v no_o reason_n to_o exclude_v they_o from_o their_o grandfather_n heritage_n not_o be_v dishabilitat_fw-la and_o see_v i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o extend_v further_o i_o conceive_v it_o more_o favourable_a that_o the_o heir_n appearand_n die_v before_o his_o predecessor_n shall_v not_o hinder_v his_o descendants_n to_o succeed_v to_o that_o predecessor_n but_o unless_o the_o forefaulture_n do_v incapacitat_fw-la the_o predecessor_n to_o dispose_v upon_o his_o own_o estate_n the_o forefaulture_n in_o that_o case_n will_v be_v improfitable_a yet_o see_v we_o have_v no_o complaint_n of_o exhaeredatione_fw-la in_o scotland_n but_o that_o parent_n may_v free_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n at_o their_o pleasure_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o bind_v up_o the_o parent_n more_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o fisk_n then_o tohis_fw-la own_o child_n unless_o fraud_n to_o prevent_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o forefaulture_n without_o a_o rational_a cause_n do_v appear_v 39_o for_o the_o further_a security_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o denatar_n it_o be_v provyde_v par._n 1594._o cap._n 202._o that_o no_o letter_n of_o pension_n factory_a band_n or_o assignation_n grant_v by_o any_o forefault_n person_n shall_v be_v valid_a unless_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o authorize_v by_o decreet_a of_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n obtain_v before_o citation_n in_o the_o process_n of_o forefaulture_n which_o seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o creditor_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o forefault_n estate_n but_o it_o will_v reach_v no_o further_o than_o the_o movable_n fall_v by_o forefaultnre_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o fall_v by_o single-escheat_n the_o full_a dominion_n in_o both_o be_v the_o king_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o admit_v the_o diligence_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n before_o declarator_n but_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v this_o practise_v in_o moveable_n of_o forefault_n person_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o statute_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n immediate_o precede_v whereby_o a_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o vassal_n of_o forefault_n person_n be_v resoind_v and_o appoint_v to_o be_v delet_fw-la out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o parliament_n which_o rescinded_a act_n though_o it_o be_v not_o extant_a but_o delet_fw-la as_o aforesaid_a have_v affect_v forefault_n estate_n with_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o with_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefault_n person_n not_o confirm_v and_o therefore_o such_o right_n being_n constitute_v by_o a_o law_n then_o stand_v can_v not_o be_v derogat_n by_o a_o subsequent_a law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o caution_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 202._o that_o simulat_fw-la or_o antedate_a right_n may_v not_o affect_v estate_n forefault_v before_o the_o say_v rescissory_a act._n 40._o sentence_n of_o forefaulture_n be_v pronunce_v be_v declare_v irreducible_a upon_o any_o nullity_n in_o the_o process_n upon_o which_o it_o proceed_v till_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v remit_v by_o the_o king_n or_o the_o party_n try_v and_o acquit_v thereof_o but_o restitution_n shall_v only_o be_v grant_v by_o way_n of_o grace_n to_o the_o party_n forefault_v or_o their_o posterity_n par._n 1584._o
collation_n of_o the_o heritage_n january_n 12._o 1681._o catharine_n trotter_n lady_n craigleith_n contra_fw-la rochead_n lady_n prestoungrange_n 50._o in_o the_o division_n of_o executory_a respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o defunct_n death_n as_o to_o the_o relict_n and_o child_n though_o before_o confirmation_n or_o any_o one_o own_v of_o the_o succession_n for_o then_o if_o there_o be_v a_o wise_a survive_v and_o child_n the_o exeentory_n be_v tripartite_a whether_o the_o bairn_n be_v of_o the_o same_o marriage_n or_o some_o other_o marriage_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n june_n 17._o 1631._o chapman_n contra_fw-la gibson_n in_o which_o case_n there_o be_v but_o one_o bairn_n who_o if_o the_o father_n have_v be_v dead_a will_v have_v be_v heir_n the_o like_a july_n 18._o 1624._o henrieson_n contra_fw-la sanders_n so_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n survive_v transmit_v their_o part_n to_o their_o near_a of_o kin_n ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o legatar_n have_v right_o to_o and_o do_v transmit_v legacy_n to_o their_o executor_n though_o they_o have_v not_o insist_v or_o recover_v they_o in_o their_o own_o life_n unless_o the_o legatar_n die_v before_o the_o testator_n for_o then_o the_o legacy_n be_v not_o due_a or_o that_o the_o legacy_n be_v conditional_a and_o the_o legatar_n die_v before_o the_o condition_n be_v purify_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o child_n who_o survive_v the_o defunct_a die_v before_o confirmation_n they_o transmit_v 51._o yea_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n survive_v transmit_v their_o right_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1540_o cap._n 120._o whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n have_v a_o proper_a right_n and_o not_o sol_o by_o the_o office_n of_o executory_a but_o it_o be_v more_o clear_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 14._o which_o make_v jus_o agnationis_fw-la to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n due_a by_o the_o executor_n though_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v not_o confirm_v executor_n and_o so_o have_v interest_n only_o by_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o be_v find_v among_o the_o executor_n of_o umquhil_n patrick_n bell_n in_o glasgow_n who_o three_o sister_n have_v confirm_v his_o testament_n one_o of_o they_o be_v find_v to_o transmit_v her_o share_n to_o her_o child_n though_o she_o die_v before_o execution_n for_o the_o son_n of_o that_o sister_n be_v find_v to_o have_v his_o share_n albeit_o the_o office_n of_o executory_a accresce_v to_o the_o two_o sister_n survive_v and_o with_o the_o office_n the_o three_o of_o dead_n part_n feb._n 11._o 1662._o the_o like_a be_v find_v since_o betwixt_o dame_n agnes_n maxwel_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o wintoun_n and_o after_o full_a debate_n it_o have_v be_v determine_v that_o the_o jnterest_n of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v only_o extend_v to_o those_o who_o be_v existent_a near_o of_o kin_n the_o time_n of_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o defunct_n testament_n which_o be_v aditio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la mobilium_fw-la and_o the_o executor_n be_v haeres_fw-la fideicommissarius_fw-la who_o must_v restore_v to_o the_o relic_n and_o bairn_n their_o part_n of_o the_o free_a gear_n debt_n deduce_v and_o to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n whether_o bairn_n or_o any_o other_o in_o proximo_fw-la gradu_fw-la the_o time_n of_o confirmation_n the_o dead_v part_n the_o legacy_n deduce_v reserve_v to_o the_o executor_n nominat_fw-la if_o they_o have_v no_o proper_a interest_n a_o three_o of_o the_o dead_n part_n unexhausted_a by_o legacy_n so_o that_o the_o executor_n adit_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la not_o for_o himself_o only_o but_o for_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n in_o heritable_a right_n and_o whereby_o jus_o sanguinis_fw-la of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v not_o prejudge_v see_v immediate_o after_o the_o defunct_n death_n edict_n may_v be_v serve_v and_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n will_v be_v confirm_v executor_n if_o a_o nomination_n be_v not_o produce_v and_o though_o any_o of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n shall_v die_v before_o a_o confirmation_n can_v be_v expede_n it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a contingencie_n which_o law_n regard_v not_o and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1617._o which_o establish_v the_o right_a of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n by_o make_v executor_n comptable_a to_o they_o presuppose_v a_o confirmation_n before_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v establish_v but_o though_o the_o executor_n die_v before_o the_o testament_n be_v execute_v there_o must_v be_v a_o executor_n ad_fw-la non_fw-la executa_fw-la who_o will_v be_v comptable_a to_o those_o who_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o confirmation_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o die_v before_o they_o attain_v their_o share_n their_o bairn_n or_o near_a of_o kin_n will_v have_v no_o right_n till_o they_o confirm_v the_o testament_n of_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n decease_a and_o give_v up_o a_o inventary_a of_o what_o will_v be_v due_a to_o the_o defunct_n near_a of_o kin_n by_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o prior_n defunct_a neither_o will_v the_o share_n of_o any_o bairn_n or_o near_a of_o kin_n deceass_v without_o child_n belong_v to_o the_o survivor_n jure_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la who_o will_v not_o represent_v they_o passiuè_n and_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o debt_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v confirm_v as_o executor_n to_o they_o and_o thereby_o have_v both_o a_o active_a and_o passive_a title_n all_o which_o be_v find_v feb._n 14._o 1677._o duke_n and_o duchess_n of_o balcleugh_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o tweeddale_n 52._o by_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v evident_a how_o executory_a be_v to_o be_v divide_v what_o dead_a be_v part_n be_v and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v affect_v with_o legacy_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o defunct_a in_o testament_n or_o on_o deathbed_n for_o first_o all_o person_n who_o have_v no_o wife_n or_o child_n unforisfamiliat_v without_o husband_n and_o wife_n though_o they_o have_v child_n have_v the_o whole_a disposal_n of_o the_o executory_a and_o may_v leave_v legacy_n and_o donation_n of_o their_o movable_a estate_n and_o do_v other_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n equivalent_a to_o their_o free_a good_n so_o that_o dead_n part_n be_v the_o whole_a but_o if_o the_o defunct_a have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n unforisfamiliat_v than_o the_o executory_a be_v tripartite_a and_o dead_n part_n be_v a_o three_o the_o wife_n part_n be_v a_o three_o and_o the_o bairn_n part_v a_o three_o but_o if_o the_o defunct_a have_v a_o wife_n and_o no_o child_n unforisfamiliat_v the_o executory_a be_v bipartite_a the_o dead_n part_n be_v a_o half_n and_o the_o wife_n part_n another_o half_a or_o if_o he_o have_v child_n unforisfamiliat_v and_o no_o wife_n the_o executory_a be_v also_o bipartite_a and_o in_o either_o case_n his_o legacy_n or_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n may_v be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o half_n of_o his_o free_a gear_n and_o if_o the_o commissary_n by_o error_n or_o mistake_v make_v the_o division_n otherways_o none_o be_v prejudge_v thereby_o who_o be_v not_o call_v and_o compear_v but_o may_v summary_o without_o reduction_n of_o the_o confirmation_n be_v admit_v to_o claim_v their_o share_n which_o be_v so_o find_v feb._n 27._o 1627._o janet_n ross_n contra_fw-la marion_n kello_n child_n have_v a_o threefold_a interest_n in_o their_o father_n executory_a first_o their_o bairn_n part_v wherein_o their_o father_n can_v prejudge_v they_o second_o their_o interest_n in_o dead_n part_n whereby_o they_o have_v title_n to_o the_o office_n of_o executory_a if_o the_o defunct_a nominat_fw-la none_o or_o three_o if_o he_o die_v they_o have_v all_o that_o be_v free_a of_o dead_n part_n not_o exhaust_v by_o legacy_n or_o by_o the_o executor_n allowance_n for_o his_o administration_n which_o be_v the_o three_o of_o the_o dead_n part_n and_o that_o when_o he_o nominats_n executor_n unless_o they_o be_v also_o universal_a legatar_n or_o though_o the_o child_n appear_v not_o to_o claim_v their_o office_n when_o executor_n dative_a be_v confirm_v by_o the_o commissary_n 53._o this_o interest_n be_v common_a to_o all_o other_o near_a of_o kin._n this_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1617._o cap._n 14._o as_o to_o executor_n nominat_fw-la that_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n may_v pursue_v they_o for_o the_o free_a gear_n even_o for_o dead_n part_n except_z a_o third_z to_o the_o executor_n for_o their_o administration_n so_o that_o if_o they_o have_v any_o legacy_n it_o be_v impute_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o three_o and_o the_o executor_n nominat_fw-la have_v not_o both_o separatim_fw-la and_o he_o have_v but_o the_o three_o of_o dead_n part_n debt_n and_o legacy_n be_v deduce_v so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o universal_a legacy_n to_o another_o the_o executor_n nominat_fw-la have_v nothing_o november_n 29._o 1626._o forsyth_n contra_fw-la forsyth_n july_n 9_o 1631._o wilson_n contra_fw-la
creditor_n have_v only_a repetition_n against_o these_o 71_o executor_n after_o obtain_v bond_n or_o decreet_a be_v not_o in_o pleno_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o defunct_n good_n not_o do_v they_o fall_v under_o the_o executor_n escheat_n but_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n be_v preferable_a to_o the_o executor_n proper_a creditor_n 72_o executor_n may_v pay_v privilege_v debt_n at_o any_o time_n 73_o arrestment_n hinder_v the_o executor_n to_o prefer_v any_o creditor_n 74_o compensation_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o the_o defunct_n debtor_n upon_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o defunct_a assign_v after_o the_o defunct_n death_n 75_o exoneration_n of_o executor_n 76_o exhaust_v of_o executor_n how_o competent_a 77_o the_o diligence_n necessary_a to_o liberat_fw-la executor_n executor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o depone_v upon_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n except_o as_o to_o their_o own_o share_n 78_o how_o far_o co-executor_n be_v conveenable_a several_o 80_o executor_n survive_v be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o share_n of_o the_o decease_a in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o execute_v the_o testament_n and_o lift_v their_o part_n 81_o executor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o inventary_a without_o prove_v their_o intromission_n 82_o where_o testament_n be_v to_o be_v confirm_v title_n xxxi_o vicious_a intromission_n 1_o vicious_a intromission_n only_o a_o passive_a and_o no_o active_a title_n even_o against_o other_o vicious_a intrometter_n without_o assignation_n from_o the_o creditor_n 2_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v the_o most_o extensive_a palsive_a title_n reach_v not_o only_o those_o who_o may_v represent_v the_o defunct_a but_o all_o other_o intromet_n ter_n 3_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o this_o title_n 4_o all_o vicious_a intrometter_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o conveenable_a several_o 5_o whether_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v competent_a by_o exception_n 6_o vicious_a intromission_n sustain_v general_o without_o the_o pursuer_n condescendence_n 7_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o creditor_n 8_o how_o far_o vicious_a intromission_n must_v be_v universal_a 9_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v if_o executor_n be_v confirm_v before_o citation_n though_o after_o the_o intromission_n whether_o executor_n creditor_n be_v confirm_v exclude_v vicious_a intromission_n pursue_v thereafter_o 11_o how_o far_o confirmation_n of_o executor_n although_o after_o citation_n exclude_v vicious_a intromission_n 12_o superintromission_a 13_o vicious_a intromission_n how_o far_o exclude_v by_o gift_n of_o escheat_n and_o declarator_n 14_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v by_o any_o colourable_a title_n though_o defective_a 15_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n as_o to_o intromission_n 16_o vicious_a intromission_n sapit_fw-la delictum_fw-la and_o be_v only_o competent_a against_o intrometter_n themselves_o during_o their_o life_n 17_o how_o far_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v by_o acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la title_n i._n common_a principle_n of_o law_n 1._o description_n of_o law_n 2._o description_n and_o division_n of_o justice_n 3._o divine_a law_n 4._o reason_n 5._o conscience_n 6._o equity_n 7._o moral_a law_n 8._o positive_a law_n of_o god_n 9_o judicial_a law_n 10._o law_n of_o nation_n 11._o civil_a law_n 12._o feudal_n law_n 13._o cannon_n law_n 14._o the_o reason_n of_o humane_a law_n 15._o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n 16._o whether_o law_n may_v be_v handle_v as_o a_o rational_a discipline_n 17._o three_o common_a principle_n of_o equity_n and_o three_o of_o positive_a law_n 18._o obedience_n 19_o freedom_n 20._o engagement_n 21._o description_n and_o division_n of_o right_n 22._o method_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o method_n here_o propose_v my_o design_n be_v to_o give_v a_o description_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n such_o as_o may_v not_o only_o be_v profitable_a for_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n but_o may_v be_v pleasant_a and_o useful_a to_o all_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o discretion_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o raise_v my_o thought_n and_o they_o to_o a_o distinct_a consideration_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o peculiar_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n which_o common_a reason_n make_v intelligible_a to_o the_o judicious_a when_o plain_o and_o orderly_o propose_v and_o therefore_o have_v always_o in_o the_o first_o place_n set_v forth_o that_o common_a rule_n of_o material_a justice_n by_o which_o mankind_n ought_v to_o govern_v themselves_o though_o they_o have_v no_o positive_a statute_n or_o custom_n and_o then_o show_v how_o these_o be_v thence_o introduce_v i_o have_v therefore_o choose_v the_o method_n i_o think_v fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o the_o term_n most_o intelligible_a in_o common_a use_n and_o have_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v forbear_v the_o term_n of_o art_n no_o man_n can_v be_v a_o know_v lawer_fw-we in_o any_o nation_n who_o have_v not_o well_o ponder_v and_o digest_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o world_n from_o whence_o the_o interpretation_n extension_n and_o limitation_n of_o all_o statute_n and_o custom_n must_v be_v bring_v i_o have_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n and_o thence_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o method_n i_o follow_v and_o have_v explain_v the_o general_a term_n common_o make_v use_n of_o in_o law_n there_o be_v no_o term_n of_o which_o man_n have_v a_o more_o common_a but_o confuse_v apprehension_n than_o what_o law_n be_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v few_o term_n hard_a to_o be_v distinct_o conceive_v or_o describe_v the_o clear_a conception_n of_o it_o i_o can_v find_v be_v thus_o 1._o law_n be_v the_o dictat_fw-la of_o reason_n determine_v every_o rational_a be_v to_o that_o which_o be_v congruous_a and_o convenient_a for_o its_o nature_n and_o condition_n this_o will_v extend_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o indifferency_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n god_n almighty_a though_o he_o be_v accountable_a to_o and_o controllable_a by_o none_o and_o so_o have_v the_o absolute_a freedom_n of_o his_o choice_n yet_o do_v he_o unchangeable_o determine_v himself_o by_o his_o goodness_n righteousness_n and_o truth_n which_o therefore_o make_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_a divine_a law_n the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o law_n of_o all_o rational_a creature_n by_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o determine_v and_o rule_v their_o free_a action_n but_o the_o congruity_n and_o conveniency_n of_o their_o nature_n afford_v they_o other_o dictate_v of_o their_o reason_n which_o quadrat_fw-la not_o with_o the_o divine_a nature_n such_o as_o adoration_n obedience_n common_a to_o angel_n and_o men._n and_o reason_n do_v determine_v mankind_n yet_o further_o from_o the_o conveniency_n of_o his_o nature_n and_o state_n to_o be_v humble_a penitent_a careful_a and_o diligent_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o kind_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v sociable_a and_o helpful_a and_o to_o do_v only_o that_o which_o be_v convenient_a for_o mankind_n to_o be_v do_v by_o every_o one_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n whereof_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o gospel_n be_v a_o excellent_a test_n quodtibi_fw-la fierinon_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la thence_o also_o be_v the_o three_o common_a precept_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la ledere_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la all_o which_o be_v evident_o the_o common_a interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n this_o be_v that_o eternal_a law_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v be_v found_v upon_o a_o unchangeable_a ground_n the_o congruity_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n angel_n and_o man_n and_o therefore_o god_n can_v deny_v himself_o or_o act_v unsuitable_o to_o his_o divine_a perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v shall_v not_o the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n do_v just_o and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o god_n to_o lie_v not_o by_o any_o fatal_a necessity_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o power_n and_o freedom_n enough_o but_o because_o his_o goodness_n justice_n and_o truth_n be_v as_o certain_a by_o his_o free_a choice_n as_o be_v his_o omnipotency_n and_o sovereignty_n this_o be_v also_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o congruity_n or_o conveniency_n of_o nature_n and_o thence_o be_v know_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n 2._o correspondent_n to_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n wherein_o law_n consist_v which_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n there_o be_v a_o inclination_n in_o the_o will_n to_o observe_v and_o follow_v these_o dictate_v which_o be_v justice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v describe_v constans_n &_o perpetua_fw-la voluntas_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuendi_fw-la where_o by_o the_o will_n be_v not_o understand_v the_o faculty_n but_o the_o inclination_n thereof_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n to_o give_v every_o one_o that_o which_o the_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v due_a and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o distributive_a and_o commutative_a justice_n distributive_a justice_n be_v the_o inclination_n to_o retribute_v reward_n to_o
the_o virtuous_a and_o punishment_n to_o the_o vicious_a proportion_v to_o their_o act_n which_o be_v now_o almost_o whole_o devolve_v upon_o public_a authority_n little_a remain_v but_o encouragement_n and_o praise_n to_o the_o virtuous_a and_o discouragement_n and_o discountenance_n to_o the_o vicious_a commutative_a justice_n be_v the_o inclination_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n and_o though_o the_o name_n be_v take_v from_o the_o interchange_n of_o private_a right_n yet_o it_o reach_v to_o all_o prestation_n which_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o reward_n or_o punishment_n there_o be_v nothing_o here_o propose_v but_o the_o private_a right_n of_o man_n it_o be_v only_o requisite_a to_o consider_v the_o law_n by_o which_o private_a right_n be_v constitute_v convey_v or_o destitute_a and_o these_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a 3._o divine_a law_n be_v that_o main_o which_o be_v write_v in_o man_n heart_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n for_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n to_o wit_n write_v in_o the_o word_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o which_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n their_o conscience_n also_o bear_v they_o witness_n and_o their_o thought_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v one_o another_o this_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o be_v know_v natural_o either_o immediate_o like_v unto_o these_o instinct_n which_o be_v in_o the_o other_o creature_n whereby_o they_o know_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n so_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o this_o natural_a law_n be_v know_v to_o man_n without_o reason_v or_o experience_n without_o art_n industry_n or_o education_n and_o so_o be_v know_v to_o man_n every_o where_o through_o the_o world_n though_o they_o keep_v no_o communion_n nor_o intercourse_n together_o which_o be_v a_o unanswerable_a demonstration_n of_o the_o be_v of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n because_o law_n use_v to_o be_v write_v on_o pillar_n or_o table_n for_o certainty_n or_o conservation_n so_o this_o law_n be_v write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n upon_o man_n heart_n there_o to_o remain_v for_o ever_o such_o be_v the_o common_a practical_a principle_n that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v parent_n honour_v ourselves_o defend_v violence_n repulse_v child_n to_o be_v love_v educate_v and_o provide_v for_o 4._o with_o these_o common_a principle_n with_o which_o god_n have_v send_v man_n into_o the_o world_n he_o give_v they_o also_o reason_n that_o thence_o they_o may_v by_o consequence_n deduce_v his_o law_n in_o more_o particular_a case_n and_o this_o part_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v call_v the_o light_n or_o law_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v call_v by_o solomon_n the_o candle_n of_o the_o lord_n search_v the_o inward_a part_n proverb_n 20._o verse_n 27._o 5._o this_o law_n be_v also_o call_v conscience_n which_o be_v say_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n to_o bear_v witness_n and_o thereby_o our_o thought_n do_v either_o accuse_v or_o excuse_v one_o another_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o thought_n as_o good_a or_o evil_n consonant_a to_o or_o dissonant_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shine_v in_o the_o heart_n this_o natural_a law_n as_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o these_o principle_n the_o near_a it_o be_v thereto_o it_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o by_o the_o more_o immediate_a consequence_n it_o be_v derive_v it_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o as_o the_o body_n in_o its_o progressive_a motion_n from_o one_o step_n to_o another_o walk_v sure_a by_o the_o short_a step_n so_o do_v the_o mind_n in_o deduce_v this_o divine_a law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o equal_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n but_o the_o more_o of_o reason_n they_o have_v the_o more_o clearness_n they_o have_v of_o it_o which_o have_v make_v man_n of_o reason_n especial_o these_o who_o have_v exercise_v themselves_o in_o the_o inquiry_n of_o right_n to_o be_v have_v in_o high_a esteem_n and_o admiration_n among_o man_n who_o though_o their_o invention_n be_v not_o so_o eminent_a yet_o their_o judgement_n close_v and_o go_v along_o with_o that_o as_o have_v a_o native_a obligation_n in_o it_o and_o so_o many_o time_n these_o responsa_fw-la prudentium_fw-la have_v be_v receive_v with_o as_o much_o authority_n and_o more_o heartiness_n for_o law_n than_o the_o dictate_v of_o sovereign_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la milone_n do_v excellent_o set_v forth_o and_o distinguish_v this_o natural_a law_n from_o positive_a law_n for_o say_v he_o hac_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la didicimus_fw-la accepimus_fw-la legimus_fw-la verum_fw-la ex_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la arripuimus_fw-la hausimus_fw-la expressimus_fw-la ad_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la docti_fw-la sed_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la instituti_fw-la sed_fw-la imbuti_fw-la sumus_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la vita_fw-la nostra_fw-la in_o aliquas_fw-la insidias_fw-la si_fw-la in_o vim_o aut_fw-la in_o tela_fw-la aut_fw-la inimicorum_fw-la aut_fw-la latronum_fw-la inciderit_fw-la omnis_fw-la honesta_fw-la ratio_fw-la esset_fw-la expediendae_fw-la salutis_fw-la 6._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o call_v equity_n from_o that_o equality_n it_o keep_v in_o all_o person_n and_o be_v not_o frame_v or_o fit_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o as_o many_o law_n of_o man_n choice_n be_v from_o the_o rigour_n whereof_o recourse_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v to_o this_o natural_a equity_n for_o though_o man_n law_n may_v be_v profitable_a and_o ne_o cessar_n for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o frail_a man_n there_o occur_v many_o casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o they_o serve_v not_o but_o equity_n take_v place_n and_o the_o limitation_n and_o fallancy_n extension_n and_o ampliation_n of_o humane_a law_n be_v bring_v from_o equity_n though_o equity_n be_v take_v some_o time_n for_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o it_o do_v true_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o give_v remeid_v to_o the_o rigour_n and_o extremity_n of_o positive_a law_n in_o all_o case_n 7._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o term_v the_o moral_a law_n be_v the_o absolute_a and_o adequat_fw-la rule_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n for_o all_o time_n place_n and_o person_n and_o this_o denomination_n it_o have_v common_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o judicial_a and_o ceremonial_a law_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v sometime_o take_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o most_o strict_a sense_n as_o it_o exclude_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o as_o it_o be_v found_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v common_a with_o other_o animal_n and_o therefore_o they_o define_v it_o to_o be_v quod_fw-la natura_fw-la omne_fw-la animalia_fw-la docuit_fw-la as_o the_o conjunction_n of_o male_a and_o female_a or_o marriage_n the_o procreation_n or_o education_n of_o child_n etc._n etc._n but_o even_o in_o that_o law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v extend_v and_o distinguish_v into_o the_o original_a and_o primitive_a law_n and_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v thence_o such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n found_v in_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a and_o sociable_a creature_n and_o even_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o sensitive_a nature_n be_v true_o found_v in_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o proper_o communicable_a unto_o the_o beast_n who_o have_v no_o law_n but_o their_o natural_a instinct_n have_v only_o some_o resemblance_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v impress_v in_o our_o heart_n so_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n it_o be_v express_v in_o his_o word_n wherein_o he_o have_v not_o only_o hold_v forth_o these_o sacred_a mystery_n which_o can_v only_o be_v know_v by_o revelation_n as_o have_v no_o principle_n in_o nature_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v deducible_a but_o also_o because_o through_o sin_n and_o evil_a custom_n the_o natural_a law_n in_o man_n heart_n be_v much_o deface_v disorder_a and_o erroneous_o deduce_v he_o have_v therefore_o reprint_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o a_o viver_n character_n in_o the_o scripture_n not_o only_o have_v the_o moral_a principle_n but_o many_o conclusion_n thence_o flow_v particular_o set_v forth_o this_o analogy_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o heathen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o god_n evidence_v sufficient_o that_o both_o of_o they_o proceed_v
short_o after_o this_o great_a perfection_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n in_o the_o time_n of_o phocas_n the_o emperor_n who_o reign_v four_o after_o justinian_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 565._o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o longobard_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v also_o lie_v under_o ash_n above_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n until_o a_o new_a shape_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v set_v up_o in_o germany_n lothaius_fw-la the_o emperor_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o eleven_o century_n do_v again_o revive_v and_o restore_v the_o roman_a law_n which_o thence_o be_v every_o where_o teach_v in_o the_o school_n and_o enlarge_v with_o more_o vast_a heap_n of_o commentary_n and_o treatise_n than_o be_v these_o of_o the_o ancient_n lawyer_n though_o not_o claim_v the_o like_a authority_n 12._o in_o the_o interim_n do_v the_o feudal_n law_n or_o custom_n take_v rise_v among_o the_o longobard_n and_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v expulse_v out_o of_o italy_n the_o roman_a empire_n be_v willing_a to_o change_v their_o barbarity_n and_o to_o be_v successor_n to_o the_o roman_n in_o seat_n and_o civility_n and_o that_o they_o may_v maintain_v their_o conquest_n give_v out_o all_o their_o land_n to_o their_o soldier_n and_o assecl_n as_o benefice_n to_o they_o for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n in_o their_o war_n the_o example_n of_o which_o and_o the_o new_a interest_n it_o afford_v to_o sovereign_n to_o have_v all_o their_o territory_n to_o hold_v of_o themselves_o and_o most_o of_o their_o subject_n by_o that_o new_a relation_n to_o become_v their_o feudatar_n and_o vassal_n have_v give_v the_o feudal_n law_n wing_n whereby_o it_o have_v spread_v itself_o over_o most_o of_o the_o world_n 13._o in_o the_o decline_a also_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v mount_v himself_o unto_o the_o imperial_a eminence_n of_o universal_a bishop_n do_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o emperor_n cause_n compile_v the_o cannon_n law_n and_o first_o that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v decretum_fw-la which_o be_v perfeit_v by_o gratian_n the_o monk_n out_o of_o the_o father_n doctor_n and_o counsel_n though_o much_o throw_v and_o vitiat_fw-la towards_o the_o interest_n and_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o after_o the_o decretal_n be_v compile_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o nine_o out_o of_o the_o decretal_a epistle_n of_o the_o pope_n which_o boniface_n the_o eight_o augment_v by_o addition_n of_o the_o six_o book_n of_o the_o decretal_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o digest_v make_v of_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n and_o it_o out_o of_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o father_n doctor_n and_o council_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o latter_a in_o resemblance_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la compact_v of_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v improportional_a unto_o the_o noval_n constitution_n do_v answer_v the_o clementins_n and_o extravagant_n this_o pontifical_a law_n extend_v unto_o all_o person_n and_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o separate_v from_o the_o laity_n all_o thing_n that_o may_v relate_v to_o pious_a uses_n or_o which_o may_v be_v claim_v to_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o holiness_n as_o orphan_n the_o will_n of_o defunct_n the_o matter_n of_o marriage_n and_o divorce_n all_o which_o he_o have_v obtain_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o civil_a authority_n of_o these_o sovereign_n who_o be_v devote_v to_o that_o see_n these_o thing_n be_v holy_a be_v not_o to_o be_v temerat_fw-la by_o the_o profane_a hand_n of_o prince_n or_o free_a people_n and_o so_o deep_o have_v this_o canon_n law_n be_v root_v that_o even_o where_o the_o pope_n authority_n be_v reject_v yet_o consideration_n must_v be_v have_v to_o these_o law_n not_o only_o as_o to_o these_o by_o which_o church_n benefice_n have_v be_v erect_v and_o order_v but_o as_o to_o these_o which_o contain_v many_o equitable_a and_o profitable_a law_n which_o because_o of_o their_o weighty_a matter_n and_o be_v once_o receive_v may_v more_o fit_o be_v retain_v than_o reject_v 14._o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o scotland_n there_o lie_v this_o block_n in_o the_o way_n of_o all_o humane_a law_n that_o see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v equity_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n be_v perfect_a and_o perpetual_a all_o law_n of_o man_n constitution_n seem_v not_o only_o to_o be_v dangerous_a in_o that_o they_o may_v impinge_a upon_o the_o perfect_a law_n of_o god_n but_o also_o to_o be_v useless_a and_o unprofitable_a see_v man_n may_v live_v better_o and_o more_o safe_o by_o the_o divine_a dictate_v of_o god_n write_v in_o our_o heart_n than_o by_o the_o device_n of_o man_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o those_o who_o in_o stead_n thereof_o embrace_v the_o law_n of_o man_n may_v meet_v with_o the_o reproof_n of_o the_o israelite_n who_o be_v say_v to_o reject_v god_n from_o reign_v over_o they_o this_o reason_n be_v so_o press_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o reason_n be_v equal_o know_v to_o all_o man_n or_o that_o the_o dispenser_n thereofcould_n be_v find_v so_o know_v and_o so_o just_a as_o man_n will_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v full_a confidence_n and_o quietness_n in_o their_o sentence_n it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v a_o folly_n but_o a_o fault_n to_o admit_v of_o any_o other_o law_n but_o the_o prime_a interest_n of_o man_n be_v to_o enjoy_v their_o right_n not_o only_o in_o safety_n and_o security_n but_o in_o confidence_n and_o quietness_n of_o mind_n that_o they_o may_v clear_o know_v what_o be_v their_o right_n and_o may_v enjoy_v the_o same_o therefore_o humane_a law_n be_v add_v not_o to_o take_v away_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o reason_n but_o some_o of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n and_o therefore_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n man_n be_v a_o free_a creature_n yet_o so_o as_o he_o may_v engage_v himself_o and_o be_v engage_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o must_v perform_v so_o man_n law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o public_a sponsion_n of_o the_o people_n which_o therefore_o even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v and_o must_v perform_v and_o therefore_o be_v they_o introduce_v first_o for_o clear_v and_o condescend_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o reason_n such_o law_n can_v none_o quarrel_v because_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v but_o declare_v equity_n and_o that_o very_o necessary_o because_o though_o equity_n be_v very_o clear_a in_o its_o principle_n and_o in_o thesi_fw-la yet_o the_o deduction_n of_o reason_n further_o from_o the_o fountain_n through_o the_o bias_n and_o corruption_n of_o interest_n may_v make_v it_o much_o more_o dubious_a in_o hypothesi_fw-la when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o particular_a case_n in_o all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v so_o fix_v and_o clear_v by_o statute_n and_o custom_n suitable_a thereto_o that_o the_o people_n may_v be_v secure_v second_o there_o be_v many_o point_n of_o right_n competent_a to_o man_n in_o equity_n as_o it_o may_v be_v more_o profitable_a for_o the_o people_n to_o forbear_v the_o pursuance_n of_o they_o than_o to_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n and_o expense_n of_o the_o pursuit_n as_o when_o humane_a law_n do_v cut_v offmatter_n of_o less_o concernment_n and_o in_o they_o rathertake_v themselves_o to_o the_o honesty_n of_o their_o party_n than_o to_o compulsion_n by_o remeid_n of_o law_n such_o be_v the_o remuneratory_n obligation_n of_o gratitude_n and_o the_o inward_a obligation_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o of_o affection_n love_n kindness_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n we_o can_v poind_v for_o unkindness_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o there_o be_v more_o such_o obligation_n than_o be_v the_o obligation_n relate_v to_o outward_a performance_n of_o some_o palpable_a or_o sensible_a thing_n and_o it_o may_v easy_o appear_v what_o vexation_n it_o may_v breed_v if_o not_o only_o the_o latter_a but_o also_o the_o former_a may_v all_o be_v pursue_v and_o extort_a by_o compulsion_n of_o law_n and_o none_o can_v think_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n injure_v because_o of_o common_a consent_n man_n will_v spare_v themselves_o the_o labour_n to_o pursue_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o may_v easy_o dispense_v with_o and_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n though_o by_o the_o moral_a law_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o from_o whence_o arise_v duty_n of_o charity_n and_o mercy_n assistance_n and_o relief_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n do_v not_o compel_v for_o the_o negative_a of_o these_o command_n but_o only_o for_o the_o
campbel_n 18._o recognition_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o alienation_n to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n as_o by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n because_o the_o fee_n will_v befall_v to_o the_o son_n after_o the_o father_n deceass_n neither_o be_v it_o infer_v by_o a_o alienation_n grant_v by_o a_o grandfather_n with_o consent_n of_o his_o son_n to_o his_o oye_n who_o be_v alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n hope_v recognition_n adam_n rae_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kellie_n yet_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o vassal_n infeftment_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n his_o heir_n and_o assigney_n the_o son_n have_v dispone_v the_o major_a part_n to_o stranger_n see_v the_o father_n who_o be_v vassal_n do_v not_o bind_v up_o his_o son_n from_o dispone_v by_o a_o clause_n irritant_fw-la neither_o do_v the_o son_n purge_v the_o alienation_n make_v by_o he_o during_o his_o father_n life_n july_n 15._o 1674._o sir_n charles_n erskin_n contra_fw-la forbes_n of_o achintoul_n and_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o the_o infeftment_n of_o ward-land_n by_o a_o husband_n to_o his_o wife_n in_o fee_n fail_v heir_n ofhi_v body_n albeit_o the_o wife_n do_v not_o accept_v or_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o but_o brook_v by_o a_o prior_n conjunct_a infeftment_n february_n 14._o 1678._o knock_z contra_fw-la lady_n knock._n and_o recognition_n be_v find_v to_o be_v incur_v by_o a_o alienation_n by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o appearand_a heir_n but_o not_o necessary_o by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n see_v the_o vassal_n may_v have_v have_v child_n of_o his_o own_o and_o so_o his_o brother_n can_v not_o be_v call_v alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v by_o accident_n spot_n recognition_n king_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n the_o like_a july_n 29._o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n 19_o it_o be_v more_o questionable_a whether_o recognition_n be_v incur_v by_o a_o conditional_a alienation_n bear_v if_o the_o superior_a consent_n or_o save_v the_o superior_n right_a craig_n follow_v baldus_n in_o the_o say_v three_o diege_n l_o 3._o declare_v that_o if_o such_o clause_n be_v insert_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la they_o infer_v not_o recognition_n but_o contrariwys_o if_o they_o be_v do_v fraudulent_o as_o when_o the_o vassal_n seize_v and_o possess_v a_o powerful_a person_n who_o the_o superior_a can_v easy_o dispossess_v or_o his_o enemy_n concern_v who_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o superior_n will_v or_o if_o the_o superior_a have_v declare_v his_o will_n upon_o the_o contrary_n but_o for_o clear_v further_o of_o the_o point_n distinction_n will_v be_v make_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o tenor_n of_o the_o clause_n which_o may_v either_o be_v suspensive_a or_o resolutive_a of_o the_o property_n or_o fee_n in_o the_o former_a case_n tradition_n be_v only_o make_v of_o the_o possession_n but_o the_o property_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o superior_n will_v be_v know_v as_o if_o the_o vassal_n dispone_n and_o possess_v another_o without_o seasine_n there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n or_o though_o he_o possess_v he_o by_o a_o instrument_n ofpossession_n bear_v express_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o property_n till_o the_o superior_n consent_v be_v obtain_v this_o be_v a_o suspensive_a clause_n like_v to_o the_o addictio_fw-la in_o diem_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o which_o only_a possession_n and_o not_o the_o property_n be_v transmit_v for_o that_o time_n and_o so_o till_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o condition_n it_o can_v be_v no_o alienation_n but_o when_o the_o clause_n be_v only_o resolutive_a not_o hinder_v the_o transmission_n of_o the_o property_n but_o resolve_v or_o annul_v the_o same_o though_o transmit_v in_o such_o a_o case_n such_o clause_n do_v not_o exclude_v recognition_n because_o there_o be_v true_o there_o a_o alienation_n without_o the_o superior_a consent_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v disannul_v by_o his_o disassent_v much_o less_o can_v such_o general_a clause_n as_o salvo_n jure_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la or_o salvo_n jure_fw-la superioris_fw-la avoid_v recognition_n 20._o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o exclude_v or_o burden_v by_o inhibition_n against_o the_o ward-vassal_n before_o the_o gift_n and_o declarator_n of_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o creditor_n inhibit_v do_v not_o pursue_v reduction_n before_o declaratorof_o recognition_n december_n 16._o 1680._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la bethark_n and_o laird_n of_o balagarno_n 21._o neither_o be_v recognition_n exclude_v because_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n be_v do_v when_o the_o disponer_n be_v drink_v not_o be_v to_o stupidity_n impede_v reason_n july_n 29._o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n 22._o to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o superior_n consent_n it_o may_v be_v either_o antecedent_n concomitant_a or_o consequent_a to_o the_o alienation_n and_o it_o may_v be_v either_o express_a or_o tacit_a all_o which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o avoid_v recognition_n albeit_o many_o of_o they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o valide_fw-la infeftment_n if_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o be_v hold_v from_o he_o of_o the_o superior_a which_o by_o our_o custom_n be_v null_a till_o it_o be_v confirm_v whereunto_o a_o anterior_a consent_n or_o homologation_n in_o any_o way_n will_v not_o suffice_v craig_n in_o the_o forementioned_a dieg._n 3._o relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o feudist_n whereunto_o he_o agree_v that_o if_o the_o vassal_n fee_fw-mi be_v grant_v to_o he_o his_o heir_n and_o assigney_n whatsoever_o that_o thereby_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o general_a antecedent_n consent_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o his_o vassal_n to_o and_o assigney_n whatsoever_o that_o thereby_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o general_a antecedent_n consent_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o his_o vassal_n to_o alienat_fw-la or_o assign_v to_o who_o he_o please_v but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lady_n cranagie_n contra_fw-la lord_n cranburn_n feb._n 5._o 1633._o and_o that_o the_o disposition_n to_o assigney_n do_v only_o importa_fw-la power_n to_o assign_v the_o disposition_n before_o infeftment_n take_v thereupon_o 23._o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o superior_a confirmation_n be_v sufficient_a even_o the_o king_n confirmation_n though_o without_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la albeit_o it_o may_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o the_o knowledge_n &_o advertency_n of_o the_o recognition_n incur_v it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a be_v do_v before_o the_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n be_v infeft_v hope_v recognition_n rae_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kellie_n which_o confirmation_n do_v secure_a against_o recognition_n fall_v by_o thatinfeftment_n confirm_v but_o do_v not_o secure_a against_o recognition_n upon_o other_o subaltern_a infeftment_n not_o confirm_v which_o be_v not_o consider_v to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o officer_n without_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la and_o so_o import_v but_o a_o pass_n from_o recognition_n by_o the_o infeftment_n confirm_v but_o not_o to_o import_v a_o absolute_a ratification_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la february_n 6._o 1673._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o weims_n the_o like_a be_v find_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o murie_n and_o a_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n have_v grant_v precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o vassal_n right_a be_v find_v thereby_o exclude_v albeit_o the_o precept_n do_v bear_v to_o be_v in_o obedience_n of_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chanclery_n june_n 24._o 1668._o andrew_n grace_n contra_fw-la howison_n and_o grace_n but_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o grant_v charter_n for_o obedience_n upon_o apprize_a though_o before_o any_o infeftment_n of_o the_o donatar_n hope_v recognition_n laird_n of_o lugtoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lethendie_n 24._o the_o superior_a consent_n also_o by_o homologation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o avoid_v recognition_n as_o if_o it_o be_v express_a consent_n as_o if_o the_o superior_a require_v the_o new_a vassal_n or_o sub-vassal_n to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a out_o of_o the_o fee_n for_o thereby_o he_o acknowledge_v he_o vassal_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o craig_n in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o calderwood_n and_o maxwel_n of_o calderhead_n or_o if_o the_o superior_a shall_v pursue_v the_o new_a vassal_n for_o the_o avail_n of_o his_o marriage_n liferent-escheat_n or_o other_o casuality_n of_o the_o superiority_n 25._o recognition_n be_v incur_v so_o open_v and_o return_v the_o fee_n to_o the_o superior_a that_o no_o debt_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n do_v burden_n the_o same_o but_o these_o only_a which_o before_o that_o time_n be_v establish_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o authority_n of_o law_n
as_o appryzing_n adjudication_n feu-ferms_a conform_v to_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n but_o even_o such_o be_v constitute_v after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d whereby_o recognition_n be_v incur_v albeit_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o onerous_a cause_n before_o any_o diligence_n or_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n yet_o they_o fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o their_o author_n right_a february_n 8._o 1610._o earl_n of_o balcleugh_n contra_fw-la scot._n recognition_n exclude_v all_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_a consent_n whither_o prior_n or_o posteriour_a unless_o such_o as_o be_v set_v for_o the_o utility_n and_o profit_n of_o all_o party_n interress_v have_v no_o advantage_n therein_o as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n for_o though_o tack_n be_v establish_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n against_o purchaser_n yet_o not_o against_o superior_n 26._o recognition_n do_v also_o exclude_v servitude_n upon_o the_o fee_n by_o the_o vassal_n consent_v without_o the_o superior_n as_o thirlage_n etc._n etc._n yet_o this_o will_v not_o reach_v servitude_n introduce_v by_o long_a custom_n or_o possession_n and_o strengthen_v by_o prescription_n wherein_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n be_v presume_v that_o they_o can_v never_o come_v in_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o the_o vassal_n to_o look_v to_o his_o fee_n yet_o the_o superior_a doubtless_o may_v have_v interrupt_v which_o will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a for_o his_o own_o interest_n and_o prescription_n be_v introduce_v to_o secure_a property_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o pleye_n will_v not_o be_v infringe_v but_o upon_o evident_a ground_n 27._o see_v recognition_n be_v exclusive_a of_o all_o interest_n depend_v upon_o the_o vassal_n therefore_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n may_v compear_v and_o defend_v hope_v de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la in_o factum_fw-la laird_n of_o lugtoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lethendie_n but_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o call_v any_o save_o the_o vassal_n see_v all_o other_o right_n fall_v in_o consequentiam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o subaltern-rights_a in_o the_o say_a case_n earl_n of_o balcleugh_n contra_fw-la scot._n though_o recognition_n be_v ordinary_o by_o way_n of_o action_n declare_v the_o deed_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v incur_v yet_o a_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n be_v infeft_v thereupon_o be_v find_v to_o have_v sufficient_a interest_n to_o pursue_v succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o prior_n decreet_a of_o remove_v upon_o the_o donatar_n infeftment_n upon_o the_o gift_n of_o recognition_n without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n march_v 22._o 1623._o laird_n of_o hunthil_n contra_fw-la rutherfoord_n 28._o in_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n the_o superior_n gift_n be_v sufficient_a title_n without_o instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o unless_o he_o be_v disclaim_v or_o the_o vassal_n be_v singular_a successor_n but_o the_o king_n gift_n be_v absolute_o sufficient_a and_o there_o will_v be_v term_n assign_v for_o prove_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o major_a part_n and_o incident_a diligence_n against_o all_o haver_n for_o production_n of_o their_o infeftment_n ad_fw-la modum_fw-la probationis_fw-la feb._n 17._o 1671._o william_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n mcculloch_n and_o whereas_o gift_n of_o recognition_n bear_v the_o particular_a deed_n infer_v the_o vacancy_n and_o return_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n because_o general_a gift_n be_v not_o allowable_a the_o extract_n of_o seasine_n be_v sustain_v in_o initio_fw-la litis_fw-la to_o instruct_v these_o deed_n but_o warrant_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o improve_v the_o seasines_n or_o warrant_v thereof_o and_o thereby_o to_o call_v for_o the_o principal_n february_n 26._o 1681._o david_n edie_n contra_fw-la thores_fw-la and_o dun._n and_o diligence_n by_o horning_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o improbation_n for_o produce_v the_o seasines_n and_o warrant_n february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o murie_n and_o declarator_n be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o gift_n though_o the_o donatar_n be_v not_o infeft_v and_o though_o the_o heir_n who_o right_a be_v in_o question_n be_v minor_a and_o though_o his_o author_n bind_v in_o warrandice_n be_v not_o call_v for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o minority_n have_v no_o effect_n as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o the_o defender_n ought_v to_o intimate_fw-la the_o plea_n to_o his_o author_n january_n 28._o 1681._o laird_n of_o dun_n contra_fw-la scot._n 19_o disclamation_n be_v when_o the_o vassal_n deny_v his_o superior_a to_o be_v his_o superior_a which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a to_o that_o acknowledgement_n which_o be_v necessary_o employ_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o all_o fee_n as_o there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o great_a ingratitude_n and_o therefore_o disclamation_n as_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_a upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o odious_a upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vassal_n than_o recognition_n be_v not_o restrict_v to_o proper_a fee_n by_o ward-holdings_a but_o take_v place_n in_o all_o fee_n and_o that_o not_o only_a when_o the_o vassal_n disclaim_v the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o whole_a or_o great_a part_n but_o if_o he_o disclaim_v he_o to_o be_v superior_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n he_o lose_v the_o whole_a disclamation_n take_v no_o place_n if_o it_o proceed_v through_o ignorance_n of_o the_o vassal_n upon_o any_o probable_a ground_n which_o may_v several_a way_n occur_v first_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a fee_n when_o the_o case_n be_v not_o betwixt_o the_o first_o superior_a and_o the_o first_o vassal_n but_o betwixt_o their_o successor_n as_o if_o the_o vassal_n shall_v deny_v a_o person_n to_o be_v his_o superior_n heir_n in_o that_o superiority_n through_o any_o doubtfulness_n of_o his_o be_v lawful_a heir_n or_o of_o his_o be_v that_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o superiority_n be_v provide_v as_o be_v to_o heirs-mail_n or_o of_o tailzie_n but_o much_o more_o when_o the_o superior_a be_v singular_a successor_n to_o the_o first_o superior_a in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v frequent_a and_o probable_a ground_n of_o doubt_n and_o mistake_v second_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o doubt_n may_v be_v when_o the_o question_n be_v about_o some_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o this_o much_o more_o that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o ground_n of_o doubt_n whether_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o not_o as_o when_o the_o fire_n have_v several_a conterminous_a tenement_n hold_v of_o divers_a superior_n if_o he_o affirm_v any_o parcel_n not_o to_o be_v a_o part_n and_o pertinent_a hold_v of_o the_o superior_a acclaim_n but_o of_o the_o other_o in_o that_o case_n the_o vassal_n not_o acknowledge_v the_o superior_a will_v not_o be_v account_v disclamation_n and_o therefore_o though_o ordinary_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o a_o superior_a pursue_v his_o vassal_n for_o any_o duty_n or_o casuality_n need_v not_o instruct_v that_o he_o be_v superior_a or_o that_o the_o defender_n be_v his_o vassal_n but_o that_o it_o prove_v itself_o unless_o he_o disclaim_v as_o be_v find_v hope_v superior_a viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la andrew_n grant_v yet_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v when_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a and_o when_o he_o be_v direct_o disclaim_v he_o may_v choose_v either_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o disclamation_n or_o instruct_v his_o title_n and_o so_o proceed_v march_v 26._o 1628._o john_n stuart_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburn_n the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o disclamation_n can_v be_v otherways_o then_o judicial_o 〈◊〉_d answer_v the_o case_n as_o to_o extrajudicial_a word_n that_o these_o be_v not_o ordinary_o notice_v in_o most_o case_n as_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o the_o like_a but_o as_o to_o extrajudicial_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v take_v infeftment_n from_o any_o other_o than_o his_o superior_a it_o will_v be_v as_o real_a disclamation_n as_o any_o verbal_a one_o judicial_o can_v be_v but_o under_o the_o same_o limitation_n if_o it_o be_v do_v of_o knowledge_n and_o of_o contempt_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o in_o a_o dubious_a and_o contraverse_v right_a or_o in_o any_o case_n if_o the_o right_n be_v take_v with_o provision_n of_o double_a infeftment_n and_o thereby_o the_o grant_a not_o accept_v simple_o as_o superior_a but_o only_o in_o the_o interim_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v disclamation_n 30._o purpresture_n or_o purprysion_n be_v the_o vassal_n go_v without_o his_o bound_n and_o encroach_a upon_o the_o property_n of_o his_o superior_a for_o purpryse_n signify_v the_o precinct_n and_o march_n the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v from_o the_o fidelity_n and_o gratitude_n the_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o invade_v his_o inheritance_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o superior_n commontie_z as_o craig_n