know_v to_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n in_o all_o country_n more_o than_o they_o will_v of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o affect_v the_o king_n be_v own_o dominion_n only_o beside_o it_o appear_v more_o impertinent_a if_o you_o turn_v those_o word_n into_o a_o proviso_n and_o then_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o in_o plain_a english_a than_o this_o provide_v that_o this_o law_n shall_v continue_v except_o it_o be_v hereafter_o repeal_v which_o sure_o will_v be_v very_o ridiculous_a mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n both_o in_o their_o argument_n quote_v several_a record_n and_o precedent_n where_o the_o king_n in_o all_o time_n after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n do_v prohibit_v stranger_n from_o come_v in_o and_o do_v command_v they_o out_o when_o they_o be_v here_o at_o pleasure_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o record_n for_o they_o be_v many_o nay_o the_o king_n when_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v prohibit_v do_v grant_v safe-conduct_a and_o of_o that_o sort_n in_o roll_n prerogative_n 180._o you_o will_v find_v several_a instance_n and_o in_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o confirm_v the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o to_o safe-conduct_n it_o do_v appear_v syderfyn_n fol._n 441._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a good_n and_o whoever_o act_v against_o such_o prohibition_n forfeit_v his_o ship._n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o pleasure_n and_o recall_v they_o again_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o that_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o without_o give_v any_o reason_n the_o book_n of_o fitzherbert_n n._n b._n and_o register_n before-cited_n make_v this_o evident_a mr._n attorney_n indeed_o cite_v many_o instance_n wherein_o the_o king_n have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n council_n as_o 7_o ed._n 2._o m._n 10._o quadragesimo_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 24._o stat._n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o which_o confirm_v it_o 3._o inst._n 179._o vicesimo_fw-la quinto_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 10._o with_o many_o more_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o after_o a_o prohibition_n it_o be_v a_o offence_n admit_v of_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n for_o any_o subject_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n dyer_n 165._o and_o 296._o agree_v it_o and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o present_a purpose_n there_o be_v a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o charter_n in_o question_n to_o all_o person_n that_o be_v not_o there_o mention_v what_o influence_n the_o king_n prerogative_n must_v necessary_o have_v upon_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n appear_v by_o his_o frequent_a grant_v letter_n of_o mark_n and_o reprisal_n these_o be_v not_o allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n civil_a or_o common_a law_n for_o thereby_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o another_o act_n without_o his_o consent_n but_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n humana_fw-la necessitate_v exigente_fw-la the_o king_n only_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v league_n and_o truce_n with_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o which_o only_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v depend_v and_o those_o league_n be_v make_v upon_o such_o term_n and_o condition_n and_o under_o such_o limitation_n as_o both_o prince_n think_v fit_a many_o instance_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v also_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v myself_o and_o the_o difference_n that_o arise_v from_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o those_o league_n and_o can_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o foreign_a part_n four_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_o master_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n which_o he_o can_v not_o be_v in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o lay_v restraint_n upon_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o relation_n to_o foreign_a commerce_n since_o eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o war_n be_v proclaim_v all_o public_a commerce_n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o council_n that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n admit_v that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v his_o subject_n to_o go_v or_o trade_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n of_o war_n or_o plague_n how_o strange_o preposterous_a then_o will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o yet_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o one_o and_o prevent_v the_o other_o be_v not_o that_o therefore_o the_o great_a reason_n why_o the_o king_n be_v at_o so_o great_a expense_n in_o maintain_v ambassador_n and_o envoy_n in_o all_o the_o trade_n part_n of_o the_o world_n without_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a state_n of_o war_n will_v it_o not_o be_v monstrous_a that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v enter_v into_o league_n with_o any_o sovereign_a prince_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o trade_n very_o advantageous_a to_o his_o people_n to_o have_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o league_n between_o our_o king_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o morocco_n for_o a_o trade_n to_o tangier_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o no_o english_a ship_n come_v there_o for_o commerce_n shall_v be_v above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o a_o fleet_n of_o merchant_n ship_n within_o that_o condition_n be_v in_o port_n at_o tangier_n and_o mr._n sands_n with_o the_o same_o obstinacy_n as_o he_o seem_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n shall_v have_v go_v with_o a_o ship_n of_o above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n to_o tangier_n that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o absolute_a breach_n of_o the_o league_n we_o shall_v have_v be_v immediate_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o merchant_n good_n and_o ship_n absolute_o forfeit_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o they_o and_o their_o family_n thereby_o undo_v without_o any_o remedy_n till_o mr._n sands_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o return_v into_o england_n and_o also_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o estate_n sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o a_o recompense_n and_o then_o also_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o contrive_v such_o a_o action_n in_o our_o law_n to_o compel_v mr._n sands_n to_o do_v it_o beside_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o way_n if_o his_o ambassador_n and_o minister_n in_o foreign_a part_n can_v prevail_v that_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n or_o if_o mr._n sands_n interlope_a ship_n and_o all_o its_o cargo_fw-mi have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v away_o from_o he_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v of_o a_o war_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o make_v restitution_n by_o force_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v more_o than_o foreign_a trader_n will_v be_v then_o concern_v both_o in_o their_o person_n and_o purse_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o lie_v under_o the_o burden_n and_o charge_n and_o the_o profit_n and_o advantage_n accrue_v only_o to_o a_o few_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o objection_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n of_o the_o unreasonableness_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o this_o prerogative_n for_o as_o well_o as_o he_o may_v restrain_v person_n travel_v to_o the_o indies_n he_o may_v also_o restrain_v they_o from_o trade_n into_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world._n the_o very_a objection_n seem_v to_o carry_v a_o unsavoury_a as_o well_o as_o a_o unreasonable_a mistrust_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o prince_n for_o as_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o our_o law_n the_o king_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o do_v wrong_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o constant_a practice_n of_o our_o present_a king_n have_v not_o give_v we_o the_o least_o umbrage_n for_o such_o diffidence_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v we_o be_v as_o safe_a by_o our_o prince_n own_o natural_a inclination_n as_o we_o can_v be_v by_o any_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o king_n have_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o pardon_v all_o offender_n by_o his_o inherent_a prerogative_n which_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v deprive_v he_o of_o the_o case_n of_o murder_n be_v a_o full_a instance_n of_o that_o nor_o be_v that_o prerogative_n ever_o dispute_v in_o any_o age_n though_o never_o so_o troublesome_a save_v in_o that_o single_a case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o danby_n and_o that_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o i_o can_v ever_o hear_v of_o be_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v object_v and_o presume_v that_o the_o king_n will_v pardon_v all_o the_o traitor_n murderer_n and_o robber_n and_o
his_o reign_n lord_n chancellor_n finch_n be_v attorney_n and_o my_o lord_n keeper_n that_o now_o be_v solicitor_n he_o confirm_v this_o charter_n and_o grant_v to_o the_o east-india_n company_n other_o privilege_n by_o a_o other_o charter_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n at_o which_o time_n the_o lord_n keeper_n be_v attorney_n and_o sir_n william_n jones_n solicitor_n he_o confirm_v the_o former_a and_o grant_v more_o privilege_n and_o in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n pass_v with_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o present_a attorney_n and_o solicitor_n man_n of_o great_a ability_n in_o their_o profession_n and_o of_o who_o be_v they_o not_o present_a i_o shall_v say_v much_o more_o the_o charter_n to_o this_o company_n be_v confirm_v with_o additional_a privilege_n nor_o have_v this_o charter_n pass_v only_o the_o approbation_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o council_n since_o his_o happy_a restauration_n but_o the_o parliament_n have_v likewise_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o the_o statute_n 14_o car._n 2._o cap._n 24._o take_v notice_n of_o it_o to_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o public_a the_o stat._n of_o the_o 29_o of_o this_o king_n for_o pole-money_n tax_n they_o at_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o every_o hundred_o pound_n in_o stock_n in_o the_o great_a case_n between_o skinner_n and_o the_o east-india_n company_n the_o house_n of_o commons_o defend_v they_o even_o to_o a_o eruption_n between_o the_o two_o house_n mr._n jenks_n and_o some_o other_o linendrapers_n and_o tradesman_n of_o london_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o heat_n that_o too_o frequent_o possess_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o of_o late_a year_n especial_o against_o the_o point_n of_o prerogative_n do_v furious_o attack_v the_o east-india_n company_n but_o without_o any_o success_n and_o this_o company_n be_v never_o assault_v in_o westminster_n hall_n till_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n i_o can_v help_v therefore_o this_o observation_n that_o as_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n 1661._o take_v notice_n that_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n remain_v uninterrupted_a till_o the_o late_a rebellion_n so_o the_o interloper_n against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o particular_a and_o the_o horrid_a conspirator_n against_o the_o king_n life_n in_o this_o last_o hellish_a conspiracy_n first_o appear_v in_o westminster-hall_n about_o the_o same_o time_n as_o to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o give_v answer_n to_o i_o think_v they_o be_v but_o few_o my_o lord_n coke_n opinion_n cite_v by_o mr._n pollexfen_n 2_o instit._fw-la 540._o where_o my_o lord_n observe_v new_a thing_n which_o with_o fair_a pretence_n prove_v hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o among_o they_o reckon_v that_o new_a corporation_n trade_v into_o foreign_a part_n and_o at_o home_n which_o under_o the_o fair_a pretence_n of_o order_n and_o government_n in_o conclusion_n tend_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n and_o traffic_n and_o in_o the_o end_n produce_v monopoly_n do_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n for_o this_o charter_n that_o have_v continue_v for_o one_o hundred_o year_n without_o any_o interruption_n till_o of_o late_a can_v neither_o be_v think_v a_o new_a corporation_n or_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n when_o he_o be_v attorney_n general_n and_o past_o this_o charter_n be_v as_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n as_o he_o be_v when_o he_o publish_v that_o book_n and_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o be_v chief_a justice_n do_v not_o think_v this_o charter_n need_v that_o caution_n as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o canary_n patent_n between_o horn_n and_o ivy_n that_o can_v affect_v the_o case_n at_o the_o bar._n i._o for_o first_o the_o judgement_n in_o that_o case_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o plead_v and_o not_o upon_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o patent_n ii_o that_o patent_n be_v in_o perfect_a opposition_n to_o that_o statute_n 3_o jac._n that_o open_v a_o free_a trade_n to_o spain_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o objection_n to_o our_o case_n the_o council_n that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n seem_v to_o allow_v the_o charter_n to_o the_o virginia_n turkey_n and_o eastland_n company_n which_o be_v exclusive_a of_o other_o to_o be_v good_a because_o they_o be_v manage_v by_o a_o regulation_n and_o not_o a_o joint_a stock_n which_o sure_o can_v make_v no_o difference_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o a_o sole_a trade_n to_o they_o exclusive_a of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o get_v into_o the_o turkey_n company_n as_o it_o be_v into_o this_o and_o may_v be_v more_o chargeable_a for_o you_o can_v be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o turkey_n company_n but_o you_o must_v be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o make_v you_o liable_a to_o all_o the_o great_a office_n of_o charge_n in_o that_o government_n but_o a_o freedom_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n may_v be_v purchase_v at_o a_o much_o easy_a rate_n the_o member_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n be_v as_o visible_a as_o those_o of_o the_o turkey_n and_o though_o it_o be_v say_v the_o east-india_n company_n be_v sometime_o invisible_a yet_o be_v the_o turkey_n company_n infect_v with_o so_o many_o interloper_n as_o the_o east-india_n company_n have_v they_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o glorious_a and_o spendid_a as_o they_o now_o do_v and_o as_o i_o hearty_o wish_v they_o may_v long_o continue_v but_o the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n have_v reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o power_n to_o destroy_v and_o alter_v the_o whole_a charter_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o into_o a_o way_n of_o regulation_n instead_o of_o a_o joint-stock_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o he_o shall_v in_o his_o great_a wisdom_n think_v fit_a therefore_o it_o become_v we_o in_o duty_n and_o modesty_n to_o wait_v till_o we_o receive_v his_o further_a royal_a pleasure_n therein_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v object_v at_o the_o bar_n because_o the_o king_n can_v lay_v any_o imposition_n upon_o foreign_a trade_n therefore_o he_o can_v restrain_v it_o i_o do_v not_o know_v to_o what_o end_n that_o objection_n be_v make_v because_o it_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o question_n at_o the_o bar_n but_o lest_o it_o may_v obtain_v the_o effect_n that_o i_o presume_v be_v aim_v at_o i_o think_v not_o amiss_o to_o say_v that_o even_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v much_o more_o may_v be_v say_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o westminster-hall_n in_o that_o case_n than_o can_v be_v offer_v against_o his_o prerogative_n in_o this_o but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o that_o and_o several_a other_o objection_n against_o the_o charter_n proceed_v from_o unreasonable_a as_o well_o as_o unmannerly_a mistrust_v they_o have_v of_o the_o crown_n i_o can_v but_o remember_v that_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n be_v not_o so_o mistrustful_a of_o they_o for_o he_o since_o his_o restauration_n have_v bestow_v upon_o his_o subject_n more_o than_o all_o his_o predecessor_n put_v they_o all_o together_o since_o the_o conquest_n ever_o do_v nay_o he_o in_o a_o moment_n frank_o bestow_v upon_o we_o more_o than_o ever_o he_o desire_v he_o shall_v be_v trust_v with_o again_o for_o by_o his_o act_n of_o indemnity_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o subject_n their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n which_o be_v all_o just_o and_o legal_o forfeit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o late_a rebellion_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o will_v prevent_v all_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n and_o promote_v in_o all_o loyal_a heart_n a_o firm_a resolution_n to_o sacrifice_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n so_o free_o bestow_v upon_o we_o by_o he_o to_o maintain_v the_o crown_n and_o just_a prerogative_n thereof_o so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o perpetual_a continuance_n in_o that_o royal_a family_n in_o a_o lawful_a succession_n which_o i_o hearty_o pray_v may_v be_v so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n endure_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o hope_v it_o do_v plain_o appear_v that_o since_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n allow_v the_o power_n of_o make_v company_n to_o manage_v traffic_n exclusive_a to_o all_o other_o to_o be_v in_o the_o prince_n that_o this_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v inter_fw-la jura_n regalia_z that_o no_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v restrain_v this_o prerogative_n that_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o europe_n have_v be_v according_o that_o particular_o such_o company_n have_v be_v erect_v in_o england_n and_o those_o company_n have_v be_v in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o their_o privilege_n for_o such_o a_o number_n of_o year_n that_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o approbation_n of_o
so_o many_o learned_a man_n that_o they_o have_v be_v think_v for_o the_o public_a advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o council_n both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o parliament_n that_o all_o statute_n and_o authority_n of_o law_n that_o we_o can_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o book_n affirm_v it_o and_o none_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o oppose_v it_o that_o the_o east-india_n company_n have_v sole_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o be_v at_o great_a expense_n in_o discover_v place_n erect_v fort_n and_o keep_v force_n settle_v factory_n and_o make_v league_n and_o treaty_n abroad_o it_o will_v be_v against_o natural_a justice_n and_o equity_n which_o no_o municipal_a law_n can_v take_v away_o for_o other_o to_o reap_v the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o all_o this_o especial_o since_o all_o this_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o public_a and_o by_o the_o just_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n under_o which_o they_o claim_v so_o that_o now_o suppose_v the_o matter_n have_v be_v doubtful_a at_o the_o beginning_n as_o yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v evident_a yet_o after_o so_o many_o year_n undisputed_a and_o uniterrupted_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o company_n pursuant_n thereunto_o and_o yet_o the_o law_n have_v always_o be_v open_a to_o any_o subject_n who_o conceive_v themselves_o grieve_v that_o speech_n which_o josephus_n record_v of_o king_n agrippa_n to_o those_o jew_n who_o after_o many_o year_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o lose_a pretence_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o these_o clamorous_a interloper_n intempestivum_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la libertatem_fw-la concupiscere_fw-la olim_fw-la ne_fw-la amitteretur_fw-la certatum_fw-la oportuit_fw-la non_fw-la amantes_fw-la libertatis_fw-la dicendi_fw-la estis_fw-la sed_fw-la subditi_fw-la contumaces_fw-la and_o so_o the_o roman_n answer_v antiochus_n to_o show_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n that_o he_o require_v those_o city_n which_o his_o precessor_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v never_o enjoy_v and_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new-island_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n grandfather_n nor_o father_n have_v exact_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a cambden_n eliz_n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la 1600._o so_o that_o i_o conclude_v the_o first_o and_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o only_a point_n in_o this_o case_n that_o letter_n patent_n that_o give_v licence_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o exercise_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o grant_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n in_o law._n ii_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o defendant_n trade_v to_o the_o indies_n contrary_a to_o this_o charter_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o information_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o this_o action_n by_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v also_o well_o bring_v but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v detain_v you_o so_o long_o upon_o the_o first_o point_n i_o shall_v trespass_v upon_o your_o patience_n but_o a_o few_o word_n to_o this_o i._o therefore_o i_o conceive_v the_o plaintiff_n need_v not_o allege_v any_o special_a damage_n no_o more_o than_o the_o grantee_n of_o a_o fair_a market_n or_o any_o other_o franchise_n ii_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v and_o ground_v upon_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o sole_a and_o entire_a trade_n which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v a_o franchise_n the_o king_n may_v grant_v and_o be_v like_o the_o case_n of_o new_a invention_n upon_o which_o letter_n patent_n action_n be_v bring_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n and_o the_o prohibit_v clause_n be_v add_v only_o to_o make_v the_o thing_n more_o notorious_a and_o that_o interloper_n in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v prosecute_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n shall_v be_v more_o inexcusable_a and_o until_o you_o can_v imagine_v there_o may_v be_v as_o many_o east-india_n company_n as_o there_o be_v commoner_n and_o schoolmaster_n in_o england_n mary_n case_n cook_n 9_o can_v never_o be_v think_v a_o objection_n as_o to_o the_o objection_n in_o the_o 11_o rep._n 88_o roll_n abridgement_n part_n 106._o darcy_n case_n that_o admit_v the_o grant_n or_o disponsation_n to_o darcy_n have_v be_v good_a for_o the_o sole_a import_v of_o foreign_a card_n yet_o that_o be_v only_o a_o dispensation_n to_o the_o stat._n of_o e._n 4._o and_o do_v only_o exclude_v darcy_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o that_o act_n he_o can_v not_o maintian_a the_o action_n but_o if_o in_o case_n that_o grant_v have_v vest_v a_o interest_n as_o our_o grant_n at_o the_o bar_n do_v he_o may_v have_v bring_v a_o action_n as_o my_o lord_n roll_n say_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o darcy_n case_n the_o case_n upon_o patent_n of_o new_a invention_n be_v full_a authority_n in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o so_o be_v that_o case_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n re._n fol._n 107._o wherein_o upon_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o market_n for_o thirty_o day_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v particular_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o action_n and_o the_o salisbury_n man_n that_o bring_v cloth_n to_o london_n and_o sell_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o that_o charter_n be_v prosecute_v in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o the_o writ_n conclude_v suppose_v the_o grant_v good_a in_o nostri_fw-la contemptum_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la abbatis_fw-la grave_n damnum_fw-la ac_fw-la fr._n &_o libertatum_fw-la suarum_fw-la praedictarum_fw-la laesionem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o authority_n full_a as_o to_o this_o point_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o my_o brother_n and_o do_v conceive_v that_o that_o grant_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n and_o that_o the_o action_n be_v well_o bring_v and_o therefore_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n take_v his_o judgement_n finis_fw-la roll_n be_v ab._n 2._o foe_n 214._o commons_o pray_v leave_v to_o export_v and_o import_v foreign_a good_n at_o their_o pleasure_n except_o good_n of_o the_o staple_n notwithstanding_o any_o proclamation_n to_o the_o contrary_n resp._n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr voet_n estre_fw-fr advice_n parson_n council_n
the_o rest_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n will_v be_v deter_v from_o the_o like_a disobedience_n there_o be_v some_o other_o superfluous_a objection_n make_v against_o the_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n and_o against_o the_o formality_n of_o the_o plead_n which_o i_o think_v not_o necessary_a to_o remember_v and_o therefore_o have_v thus_o premise_v i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o those_o point_n i_o think_v only_o material_a in_o this_o cause_n i._o the_o first_o and_o great_a point_n in_o this_o cause_n be_v whether_o this_o grant_v of_o the_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n to_o the_o east-india_n company_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n in_o law_n or_o not_o and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o be_v and_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o make_v the_o same_o remark_n in_o this_o case_n as_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n make_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n in_o the_o exchequer_n lane_n fol._n 27._o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a grace_n and_o eminent_a act_n of_o condescension_n in_o the_o king_n to_o this_o defendant_n that_o he_o do_v permit_v this_o great_a point_n of_o his_o prerogative_n to_o be_v dispute_v in_o westminster-hall_n but_o by_o this_o he_o do_v sufficient_o signify_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v persist_v in_o nothing_o though_o it_o seem_v never_o so_o much_o for_o his_o advantage_n but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v invest_v with_o this_o prerogative_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o by_o the_o law_n i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v the_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o this_o nation_n which_o as_o mr._n attorney_n well_o observe_v be_v not_o adapt_v to_o this_o purpose_n but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o those_o case_n namely_o the_o general_n law_n of_o nation_n the_o law-merchant_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o better_a communicate_v my_o thought_n upon_o this_o subject_a i_o will_v proceed_v by_o these_o step_n 1._o i_o will_v very_o brief_o consider_v of_o the_o inland_a trade_n within_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o foreign_a trade_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o therein_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v concern_v in_o both_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o both_o allow_v by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o liberty_n of_o foreign_a trade_n may_v be_v restrain_v 3._o that_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o judge_v according_a to_o those_o law_n 4._o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o regulation_n and_o restraint_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la juris_fw-la regalia_z i._n e._n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n 5._o that_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n monopoly_n be_v prohibit_v yet_o society_n to_o trade_n such_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o certain_a place_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v no_o monopoly_n by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n but_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v erect_v both_o here_o and_o in_o other_o country_n and_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o usage_n and_o practice_n of_o both_o in_o all_o time_n 6._o i_o shall_v show_v the_o authority_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o our_o book_n together_o with_o such_o precedent_n reason_n both_o public_a and_o politic_a for_o as_o my_o lord_n fleming_n say_v that_o such_o reason_n be_v good_a direction_n for_o our_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n as_o these_o be_v demonstration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o antiquity_n and_o therein_o also_o observe_v the_o necessity_n and_o advantage_n of_o such_o society_n and_o by_o the_o way_n endeavour_n to_o answer_v the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n precedent_n and_o authority_n with_o all_o other_o the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v against_o my_o conclusion_n 1._o first_o then_o to_o consider_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o inland_a and_o the_o foreign_a trade_n allow_v of_o in_o our_o book_n and_o that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affect_v both_o as_o to_o manufacture_n under_o which_o all_o sort_n of_o artificer_n be_v concern_v i_o think_v they_o remain_v with_o the_o most_o liberty_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n observe_v the_o publick-weal_n be_v little_o concern_v therein_o only_o to_o preserve_v every_o one_o in_o the_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o own_o labour_n and_o industry_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v not_o be_v total_o exclude_v for_o as_o it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o book_n that_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v this_o day_n enjoy_v by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n have_v their_o commencement_n by_o royal_a grant_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v no_o artificer_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n can_v at_o this_o day_n use_v two_o trade_n i._n e_o a_o carpenter_n can_v use_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o joiner_n or_o a_o bricklayer_n of_o a_o plasterer_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n or_o inland_a commerce_n general_o speak_v it_o have_v the_o next_o freedom_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o be_v subject_a nevertheless_o to_o be_v limit_v or_o restrain_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o several_a particular_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o prevent_v all_o forestalling_a and_o engross_a so_o mr._n attorney_n do_v well_o observe_v that_o number_n of_o people_n can_v not_o meet_v to_o traffic_v or_o merchandise_n without_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v punish_v as_o unlawful_a assembly_n the_o crown_n therefore_o grant_v the_o liberty_n of_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o commerce_n and_o trade_n all_o which_o do_v original_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o by_o abuse_v those_o liberty_n may_v still_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o pass_v by_o all_o other_o instance_n i_o shall_v only_o instance_n one_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o book_n which_o well_o consider_v may_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n register_n fol._n 107._o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n and_o his_o successor_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v a_o fair_a at_o westminster_n thirty_o odd_a day_n together_o with_o a_o prohibition_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v or_o fall_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o that_o fair_a during_o that_o time_n and_o the_o king_n do_v there_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o london_n by_o his_o writ_n to_o seize_v the_o body_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o salisbury_n for_o sell_v clothes_n in_o london_n within_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fair_a now_o here_o be_v a_o charter_n grant_v to_o a_o particular_a person_n exclusive_a of_o other_o for_o a_o time_n subject_a to_o more_o objection_n than_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n yet_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o book_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o corporation_n be_v erect_v and_o trade_n confine_v to_o place_n and_o person_n exclusive_a of_o other_o for_o all_o such_o come_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o faiâ—s_n so_o i_o may_v now_o say_v in_o the_o case_n of_o corporation_n that_o though_o they_o claim_v liberty_n and_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n yet_o these_o original_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o be_v therefore_o forfeitable_a to_o the_o crown_n a_o eminent_a instance_n hereof_o be_v that_o great_a case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o abuse_v their_o liberty_n which_o they_o claim_v by_o prescription_n confirm_v by_o divers_a charter_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o judgement_n of_o this_o court_n their_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o therefore_o remain_v as_o a_o vill_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n till_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v please_v of_o his_o bounty_n to_o restore_v they_o now_o that_o the_o inland_a traffic_n be_v most_o concern_v either_o in_o corporation_n market_n or_o fair_n which_o all_o proceed_v from_o the_o crown_n do_v plain_o evince_v that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v a_o more_o immediate_a influence_n over_o deal_n in_o merchandize_n than_o it_o
about_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o bear_v any_o sort_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o interest_n of_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v necessitate_v they_o to_o contend_v for_o it_o will_v become_v we_o that_o be_v judge_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o the_o better_a determine_v this_o case_n to_o observe_v the_o method_n use_v by_o our_o predecessor_n in_o determine_v such_o like_a cause_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o several_a authority_n i_o cite_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o as_o the_o book_n of_o ed._n 4._o before_o cite_a say_v it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o leave_v the_o determination_n to_o be_v according_a to_o that_o law_n the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o before_o cite_v make_v a_o particular_a provision_n that_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n say_v non_fw-fr erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la hac_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v myself_o oblige_v more_o industrious_o to_o search_v into_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o better_a to_o enable_v i_o to_o give_v judgement_n in_o this_o case_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v the_o king_n subject_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_v mind_v thereof_o particular_o by_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n in_o the_o give_a judgement_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n about_o the_o imposition_n upon_o currant_n lane_n fol._n 27._o and_o do_v not_o only_o affirm_v it_o as_o necessary_a but_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o all_o judge_n in_o all_o age_n do_v not_o we_o leave_v the_o determination_n of_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n foreign_a matter_n matter_n of_o navigation_n league_n truce_n embassy_n nay_o even_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n the_o stop_n of_o the_o defendant_n ship_n by_o a_o admiralty_n process_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o this_o court_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o exchequer_n to_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o process_n out_o of_o that_o court_n his_o ship_n be_v detain_v to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o court_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o matter_n before_o specify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v control_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law._n and_o if_o custom_n make_v a_o law_n than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v sure_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o my_o next_o particular_a which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n upon_o which_o this_o cause_n will_v turn_v therefore_o 4thly_a i_o conceive_v that_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o regulation_n restraint_n and_o government_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la jura_n regalia_z i._n e._n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v his_o undoubted_a prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o abridge_v or_o control_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n now_o in_o force_n this_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o power_n or_o any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v thereupon_o because_o upon_o inconvenience_n arise_v the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v supplicate_v to_o redress_v they_o which_o i_o shall_v far_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o particular_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o grant._n commerciorum_fw-la jura_n sunt_fw-la privilegiata_n ac_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la iis_fw-la concessa_fw-la qui_fw-la exercendorum_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la principis_fw-la indultu_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la be_v the_o very_a express_a text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o so_o be_v carpzovire_n const._n n._n 5._o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-la republica_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o ses_fw-fr quae_fw-la tametsi_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la prohibere_fw-la tametsi_fw-la saepe_fw-la á_o principibus_fw-la videmus_fw-la and_o in_o cap._n 6._o quote_v by_o mr._n attorney_n that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n so_o salmasius_n pag._n 236._o mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la so_o carpzovire_v a_o famous_a german_a lawyer_n in_o his_o decision_n lib._n decis_n 105._o n._n 13._o &_o 14._o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la privilegio_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la certave_n loca_fw-la restringere_fw-la videmus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o principle_n assert_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n agree_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o law_n mr._n attorney_n in_o his_o argument_n in_o this_o cause_n cite_v many_o record_n and_o precedent_n to_o make_v good_a this_o assertion_n which_o i_o think_v he_o do_v with_o great_a clearness_n i_o therefore_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o as_o few_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v and_o only_o remind_v you_o of_o such_o as_o i_o think_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n which_o i_o will_v do_v by_o these_o step_n i_o conceive_v the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n to_o forbid_v foreigner_n whether_o merchant_n or_o other_o from_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n according_a to_o his_o royal_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n to_o come_v in_o in_o all_o age_n and_o at_o his_o pleasure_n command_v they_o out_o again_o by_o his_o proclamation_n or_o order_n of_o council_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o king_n reign_v without_o many_o instance_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 30._o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n be_v but_o a_o general_a safe_a conduct_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la ante_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v observe_v that_o mercatores_fw-la say_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o chapter_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o in_o those_o day_n any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a trade_n or_o at_o least_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o book_n or_o record_n that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n my_o lord_n coke_n 2._o institut_n fol._n 57_o do_v agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v and_o do_v prohibit_v stranger_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o conceive_v and_o with_o great_a respect_n be_v it_o speak_v to_o his_o memory_n i_o think_v without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n will_v make_v these_o word_n nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la to_o intend_v only_o a_o prohibition_n by_o parliament_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o whole_a realm_n now_o do_v the_o come_n in_o of_o stranger_n concern_v the_o realm_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o sure_o no._n do_v not_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o that_o of_o public_a concern_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v not_o the_o prohibition_n of_o stranger_n a_o natural_a dependent_a upon_o that_o prerogative_n if_o the_o word_n publicae_fw-la there_o have_v be_v out_o there_o have_v be_v no_o colour_n for_o that_o conceit_n and_o sure_o the_o king_n proclamation_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n as_o public_a as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v do_v nay_o and_o i_o may_v say_v more_o for_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_o be_v make_v public_a by_o proclamation_n for_o in_o our_o book_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n of_o writ_n direct_v to_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o cause_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v publish_v by_o proclamation_n and_o so_o be_v the_o constant_a and_o ancient_a usage_n and_o it_o be_v not_o more_o natural_a for_o stranger_n that_o be_v abroad_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v public_a edict_n which_o be_v
express_o say_v it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o staple_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o on_o this_o side_n ordain_v by_o king_n in_o time_n past_a etc._n etc._n mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n cite_v several_a record_n and_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o allow_v this_o to_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n absolute_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o name_v they_o have_v open_v the_o particular_n at_o large_a viz._n vicesimo_fw-la e_z 1._o plac._n parl._n roll_v abrid_n fol._n 108._o 130._o octavo_fw-la e_o 3_o numero_fw-la 20._o 27_o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o 43._o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o 47._o e._n 3._o n._n 17._o prim._n r._n 2._o n._n 98._o with_o many_o more_o which_o do_v not_o only_a licence_n merchant_n to_o repair_v to_o their_o several_a staple_n but_o prohibit_v they_o from_o carry_v their_o staple_n commodity_n to_o any_o other_o place_n and_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v touch_v the_o staple_n only_o inflict_v great_a forfeiture_n upon_o the_o person_n offend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n do_v inflict_v but_o neither_o add_v to_o or_o diminish_v any_o part_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o truth_n whereof_o will_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n plain_o declare_v in_o several_a statute_n follow_v viz._n 2_o hen._n 5._o cap._n 6._o 2_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 4._o 8_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 17_o and_o 27._o by_o which_o and_o several_a other_o instance_n both_o by_o mr._n solicitor_n and_o mr._n attorney_n i_o do_v conceive_v it_o do_v plain_o appear_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o of_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 9_o nono_fw-la l._n 3._o cap._n 1._o decimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o the_o stat._n of_o decimo_fw-la quinto_fw-la ed._n 3._o mention_v in_o the_o defendant_n plea_n decimo_fw-la 8._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 3._o which_o the_o defendant_n council_n have_v so_o much_o insist_v upon_o for_o the_o open_v the_o liberty_n of_o trade_n only_o concern_v merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v relate_v to_o that_o trade_n since_o particular_o mention_v by_o mr._n attorney_n stand_v now_o repeal_v and_o though_o the_o place_n of_o the_o staple_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commodity_n be_v ascertain_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o merchant_n licence_n to_o trade_n elsewhere_o which_o prerogative_n be_v allow_v of_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o authority_n in_o our_o book_n for_o instance_n among_o many_o other_o the_o stat._n 8_o hen._n 6._o 21._o 22_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 4._o 15_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 3._o 27_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 1._o 1_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 3._o a._n 13_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 3._o l._n 5_o e._n 4._o 33._o among_o other_o book_n make_v it_o appear_v and_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n before_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n mention_v order_v the_o merchandize_n of_o the_o staple_n so_o all_o other_o foreign_a trade_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v begin_v and_o absolute_o dispose_v of_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n for_o as_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o do_v true_o observe_v that_o by_o mercatores_fw-la there_o only_o be_v mean_v merchant-stranger_n for_o as_o i_o say_v i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o king_n meddle_v in_o foreign_a trade_n in_o many_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n the_o first_o instance_n i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o malin_n lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la fol._n 150._o of_o the_o society_n of_o merchant_n which_o be_v the_o staple_n adventurer_n make_v by_o a_o grant_n from_o king_n edw._n iii_o and_o be_v call_v the_o brotherhood_n of_o st._n thomas_n a_o becket_n of_o canterbury_n till_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 7._o who_o confirm_v their_o charter_n but_o change_v their_o name_n to_o that_o of_o merchant-adventurer_n by_o which_o name_n they_o continue_v a_o corporation_n â—_o and_o that_o the_o king_n do_v shut_v and_o open_v foreign_a trade_n at_o his_o pleasure_n by_o many_o instance_n mention_v by_o mr._n attorney_n and_o mr_n solicitor_n do_v far_a appear_v 33_o hen._n 3._o memb_v 1._o 2_o e._n 3._o pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la memb_v 35._o 3_o hen._n 3._o n._n 33._o roll_n prerogative_n 170._o and_o 214._o before-cited_n primo_fw-la hen._n 5._o 41._o decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la hen._n 6._o n._n 60._o and_o the_o stat._n of_o 12_o hen_n 7._o cap._n 6._o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v search_v and_o in_o plowden_n commentary_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o mines-royal_a it_o be_v set_v down_o as_o a_o rule_n that_o ancient_a charter_n and_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v the_o best_a evidence_n of_o the_o prerogative_n phil._n and_o mary_n erect_v the_o corporation_n of_o russia_n merchant_n by_o charter_n with_o a_o prohibition_n to_o other_o with_o the_o like_a condition_n within_o mention_v in_o the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o be_v afterward_o approve_v of_o in_o parliament_n in_o 8_o eliz._n and_o the_o forfeiture_n mention_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n make_v more_o effectual_a and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v true_o observe_v that_o when_o calais_n be_v take_v and_o thereby_o the_o staple_n unsettle_a queen_n eliz._n thought_n according_a to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o russia_n and_o other_o company_n it_o be_v most_o advantageous_a for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o trade_n and_o foreign_a commerce_n to_o erect_v society_n and_o corporation_n which_o be_v well_o approve_v of_o in_o those_o time_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o undisturbed_a until_o this_o present_a question_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o particular_o insist_v upon_o when_o i_o come_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o next_o head._n and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o shall_v only_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v many_o record_n and_o book_n cite_v by_o the_o council_n at_o the_o bar_n to_o prove_v the_o difference_n between_o alien_a enemy_n and_o alien_a army_n and_o how_o these_o infidel_n be_v in_o law_n look_v upon_o as_o perpetual_a enemy_n and_o the_o many_o case_n that_o be_v cite_v about_o the_o jew_n and_o other_o i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v far_o insist_v upon_o for_o i_o conceive_v they_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o question_n that_o be_v now_o before_o we_o for_o be_v not_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n in_o be_v it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n for_o mr._n sands_n to_o consider_v how_o far_o he_o may_v be_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o trade_v with_o infidel_n who_o be_v in_o law_n call_v perpetui_fw-la inimici_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v as_o penal_a for_o any_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o trade_n with_o infidel_n who_o be_v alien_a enemy_n without_o a_o royal_a licence_n as_o it_o be_v to_o trade_n with_o alien_a army_n contrary_a to_o a_o royal_a prohibition_n and_o i_o can_v conjecture_v how_o he_o will_v avoid_v this_o rock_n notwithstanding_o his_o pretend_a skill_n in_o navigation_n without_o make_v use_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o a_o safe-conduct_n to_o he_o by_o implication_n though_o he_o seem_v here_o so_o much_o to_o struggle_v against_o and_o how_o far_o that_o will_v prevail_v for_o his_o benefit_n may_v be_v also_o consider_v but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o iv._o the_o true_a question_n be_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o good_a grant_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n of_o a_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o christian_n or_o infidel_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v good_a or_o not_o be_v the_o true_a question_n and_o therefore_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o step_v that_o though_o unlawful_a engross_a and_o monopoly_n be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o and_o of_o other_o nation_n yet_o i_o do_v conceive_v that_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n of_o a_o sole_a trade_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v no_o such_o unlawful_a engross_n or_o monopoly_n but_o be_v support_v and_o encourage_v as_o conduce_v to_o public_a benefit_n by_o the_o law_n practice_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o and_o other_o country_n and_o herein_o by_o the_o way_n though_o the_o word_n monopoly_n or_o engross_a general_o speak_v of_o be_v odious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o law_n yet_o some_o engrossing_n and_o so_o some_o monopoly_n be_v allow_v of_o in_o our_o book_n and_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o i_o say_v a_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a monopoly_n or_o a_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a engross_a and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o this_o be_v the_o great_a and_o as_o i_o think_v the_o only_a objection_n that_o either_o have_v or_o can_v be_v make_v against_o the_o present_a charter_n i_o shall_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o give_v my_o opinion_n therein_o with_o the_o reason_n and_o authority_n that_o have_v induce_v i_o
sumptus_fw-la &_o ancipiti_fw-la eventui_fw-la initio_fw-la sunt_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la ergo_fw-la authoribus_fw-la talium_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la cavendum_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-fr quod_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la constitutum_fw-la magno_fw-la cum_fw-la periculo_fw-la &_o sumptu_fw-la sunt_fw-la alii_fw-la gratis_n intercipiant_fw-la ii_o ac_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la societates_fw-la privilegiatae_fw-la opibus_fw-la suis_fw-la reipub_fw-la exigente_fw-la necessitate_v felicius_fw-la possunt_fw-la quam_fw-la singula_fw-la succurrere_fw-la iii_o videntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la meliori_fw-la fide_fw-la commercia_fw-la tractari_fw-la ac_fw-la majorem_fw-la copiam_fw-la mercium_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la posse_fw-la advehi_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la tot_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la &_o compendiis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la necessum_fw-la habent_fw-la quorum_fw-la lucrum_fw-la in_o common_a velut_fw-la aerarium_fw-la redactum_fw-la aequalibus_fw-la portionibus_fw-la distribuitur_fw-la puffendorf_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la lib._n 5._o fol._n 655._o a_o learned_a author_n do_v more_o at_o large_a describe_v it_o it_o have_v be_v a_o question_n sometime_o debate_v whether_o the_o society_n enter_v into_o by_o the_o hanse_v town_n be_v not_o against_o law_n quip_n quod_fw-la speciem_fw-la monopolii_n prae_fw-la se_fw-la far_o videtur_fw-la ut_fw-la certis_fw-la locis_fw-la merces_fw-la emant_fw-la confaederati_fw-la quae_fw-la rursus_fw-la pretio_fw-la eo_fw-la quo_fw-la volunt_fw-la vendant_fw-la this_o be_v the_o same_o objection_n now_o make_v against_o the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar._n but_o the_o answer_v give_v be_v twofold_a and_o will_v come_v home_o to_o this_o case_n i._o that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv._o have_v give_v his_o approbation_n and_o make_v it_o lawful_a by_o his_o authority_n ii_o that_o they_o have_v continue_v in_o possession_n of_o this_o society_n so_o long_o that_o now_o the_o length_n of_o time_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n consent_n remove_v all_o doubt_n whatsoever_o carpsovirez_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la regius_fw-la germanorum_n cap._n 6._o sect_n 10._o and_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n and_o other_o charter_n of_o like_a nature_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o remember_v by_o and_o by_o remain_v undisturbed_a without_o the_o least_o interruption_n as_o long_o as_o this_o society_n do_v before_o this_o question_n be_v state_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o law_n such_o a_o length_n of_o time_n do_v not_o obtain_v the_o credit_n of_o a_o prescription_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n which_o be_v only_o adapt_v for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v otherwise_o praescriptio_fw-la enim_fw-la tam_fw-la longi_fw-la temporis_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinet_fw-la imo_fw-la tollit_fw-la omne_fw-la vitium_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la temporis_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la quae_fw-la privilegiata_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la vitioso_fw-la etiam_fw-la titulo_fw-la dominium_fw-la &_o jus_o tribuit_fw-la omnesque_fw-la solemnitates_fw-la etiam_fw-la extrinsecus_fw-la negotio_fw-la accessisse_fw-la praesumit_fw-la tanti_fw-la temporis_fw-la antiquitas_fw-la num_fw-la 10._o n._n atque_fw-la omnem_fw-la monopolii_n respectum_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la vel_fw-la caesarum_fw-la approbatio_fw-la excludit_fw-la n._n 10._o 26._o quia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la caesarum_fw-la scitu_fw-la &_o concessu_fw-la haec_fw-la antiqua_fw-la societas_fw-la fulcitur_fw-la omnis_fw-la monopolii_n respectus_fw-la etiam_fw-la minimus_fw-la laeserat_fw-la marg._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o n._n 50._o and_o as_o these_o hanse_v town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n of_o trade_n i_o have_v read_v of_o so_o be_v it_o think_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o support_v and_o encourage_v they_o i_o find_v above_o 60_o some_o say_v 80_o town_n and_o city_n unite_v their_o stock_n make_v lubeck_n brunswick_n dantzick_n and_o cullen_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o residence_n and_o so_o great_a be_v their_o trade_n and_o credit_n under_o that_o constitution_n that_o many_o prince_n grant_v they_o large_a privilege_n and_o they_o keep_v court_n by_o their_o deputy_n and_o counsel_n at_o bergen_n by_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n all_o monopoly_n be_v forbid_v and_o under_o the_o same_o penalty_n appoint_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o there_o also_o a_o right_n may_v be_v acquire_v to_o a_o sole_a trade_n by_o licence_n obtain_v from_o the_o king_n or_o by_o prescription_n quinta_fw-la partida_fw-la tit._n 7._o leg_n 2._o membris_fw-la hoc_fw-la commercium_fw-la maritimum_fw-la exclusis_fw-la caeteris_fw-la ad_fw-la 20_o annos_fw-la concederetur_fw-la neque_fw-la ulla_fw-la re_fw-la se_fw-la magis_fw-la prodidit_fw-la imperii_fw-la odium_fw-la batavicae_fw-la nostris_fw-la diebus_fw-la deo_fw-la ita_fw-la volente_fw-la constituti_fw-la magnitudo_fw-la &_o felicitas_fw-la quam_fw-la navigationum_fw-la in_o india_n orientales_fw-la susceptarum_fw-la constantia_n &_o successus_fw-la ad_fw-la quas_fw-la ut_fw-la aerario_fw-la parceretur_fw-la societates_fw-la institutae_fw-la cautumque_fw-la tandem_fw-la ut_fw-la sub_fw-la unam_fw-la societatem_fw-la omnes_fw-la coirent_fw-la quod_fw-la alioqui_fw-la experimento_fw-la constitisset_fw-la aromatum_fw-la pretia_fw-mi ab_fw-la insulanis_fw-la ob_fw-la emptorum_fw-la frequentiam_fw-la augeri_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la alii_fw-la aliis_fw-la praevertere_fw-la &_o lucrum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la aliorum_fw-la damno_fw-la derivare_fw-la satagerent_fw-la ubi_fw-la concordia_fw-la maxima_fw-la est_fw-la opus_fw-la aemulationum_fw-la &_o dissidii_fw-la semina_fw-la spargi_fw-la i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n warrant_v the_o like_a grant_n and_o restriction_n with_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n so_o i_o conceive_v this_o charter_n of_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n exclude_v other_o be_v neither_o oppose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o prohibit_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v support_v by_o both_o as_o will_n more_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o practice_n and_o constant_a usage_n in_o all_o time_n therefore_o though_o engross_a be_v a_o crime_n odious_a in_o the_o law_n and_o punishable_a yet_o all_o manner_n of_o engross_a be_v not_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o be_v only_o applicable_a to_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n 3._o instit._fw-la 196._o that_o merchant_n may_v buy_v beyond_o sea_n in_o gross_a and_o sell_v here_o again_o in_o gross_a also_o i_o say_v that_o all_o monopoly_n be_v not_o unlawful_a general_o speak_v they_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v admit_v the_o description_n of_o a_o unlawful_a monopoly_n make_v by_o my_o lord_n cook_n 3._o instit._fw-la 181._o a_o monopoly_n be_v a_o institution_n or_o allowance_n by_o the_o king_n by_o his_o grant_n commission_n or_o otherwise_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a of_o or_o for_o the_o sole_a buy_n sell_v make_v work_a or_o use_v any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a be_v seek_v to_o be_v restrain_v of_o any_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o or_o hinder_v in_o their_o lawful_a trade_n now_o if_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v not_o before_o this_o grant_v a_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n against_o the_o king_n royal_a pleasure_n the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar_n will_v be_v no_o monopoly_n within_o that_o rule_n now_o that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o liberty_n have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a prohibition_n mention_v before_o and_o the_o many_o more_o instance_n thereof_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v foreigner_n from_o come_v here_o into_o england_n and_o not_o prohibit_v his_o own_o subject_n from_o go_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v proclaim_v a_o war_n with_o the_o indian_n that_o then_o it_o will_v be_v a_o prohibition_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o have_v any_o commerce_n with_o they_o nay_o and_o he_o may_v continue_v that_o war_n as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v all_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v as_o well_o prevent_v of_o any_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n and_o also_o of_o export_v any_o of_o our_o commodity_n thither_o so_o that_o sure_o this_o charter_n with_o these_o restriction_n be_v much_o better_a than_o a_o total_a exclusion_n and_o therefore_o foreign_a trade_n be_v not_o like_o our_o home_n trade_n to_o which_o the_o word_n monopoly_n be_v proper_o applicable_a for_o that_o can_v be_v total_o exclude_v for_o any_o time_n though_o never_o so_o small_a by_o any_o act_n of_o prerogative_n object_n ay_o but_o say_v the_o defendant_n council_n though_o the_o king_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n prohibit_v all_o trade_n to_o any_o country_n upon_o such_o great_a emergency_n as_o war_n and_o plague_n etc._n etc._n yet_o to_o grant_v liberty_n to_o some_o and_o exclude_v other_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n at_o the_o bar_n be_v think_v a_o monopoly_n which_o be_v still_o beg_v the_o
and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o the_o 43_o and_o 44_o of_o the_o queen_n the_o parliament_n take_v notice_n of_o many_o patent_n of_o monopoly_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n cite_v at_o the_o bar._n townsend_n collection_n 244_o and_o 245._o the_o parliament_n seem_v to_o be_v as_o high_a as_o ever_o they_o be_v in_o any_o age_n before_o and_o particular_o be_v incense_v by_o those_o patent_n a_o list_n of_o all_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o mr._n secretary_n caecil_n that_o be_v think_v grievous_a or_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o catalogue_n of_o forty_o or_o fifty_o among_o who_o that_o of_o darcy_n be_v one_o yet_o the_o parliament_n nor_o none_o other_o complain_v of_o any_o charter_n grant_v to_o corporation_n but_o they_o continue_v undisturbed_a and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o darcy_n patent_n be_v not_o immediate_o damn_v in_o parliament_n but_o refer_v to_o take_v its_o fate_n in_o westminster-hall_n the_o great_a reason_n that_o guide_v that_o judgement_n be_v the_o restraint_n that_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o home-trade_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v in_o more_o be_v report_v 672._o and_o thus_o stand_v these_o charter_n the_o china_n charter_n the_o turkey_n company_n the_o barbary_n company_n the_o guiny_a company_n all_o charter_n of_o sole_a trade_n exclude_v other_o remain_v in_o trade_n during_o all_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n but_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n james_n be_v the_o first_o act_n make_v for_o open_v a_o general_a trade_n to_o spain_n portugal_n and_o france_n to_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v in_o westminster-hall_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n to_o that_o act_n nor_o do_v that_o act_n call_v those_o charter_n monopoly_n or_o open_v a_o free_a trade_n to_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o leave_v all_o charter_n of_o foreign_a trade_n save_v to_o spain_n portugal_n and_o france_n to_o remain_v as_o they_o do_v before_o and_o in_o the_o 4._o jac._n cap._n 9_o there_o be_v notice_n take_v particular_o of_o the_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o exeter_z merchant_n of_o the_o sole_a trade_n to_o france_n and_o because_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v damn_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n d._n 3._o yet_o it_o be_v there_o enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o patent_n neither_o do_v or_o shall_v dissolve_v annihilate_v or_o impeach_v the_o say_a charter_n or_o the_o say_a company_n in_o any_o of_o their_o privilege_n liberty_n or_o immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n any_o thing_n contain_v in_o that_o general_a act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o and_o from_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o observe_v two_o thing_n i._o that_o the_o parliament_n think_v that_o the_o charter_n to_o exeter_n for_o sole_a trade_n to_o france_n exclusive_a of_o other_o be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n and_o weal_n of_o that_o city_n ii_o that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v good_a in_o law_n and_o do_v not_o want_v the_o assistance_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o support_v they_o for_o that_o act_n do_v not_o confirm_v those_o letter_n patent_n but_o provide_v only_o that_o the_o statute_n 3_o jac._n shall_v not_o by_o general_a word_n be_v think_v to_o impeach_v or_o destroy_v they_o now_o have_v the_o parliament_n think_v the_o charter_n void_a or_o infirm_a they_o may_v have_v confirm_v or_o strengthen_v it_o as_o the_o russia_n patent_n be_v but_o they_o conclude_v that_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o statute_n of_o tertio_fw-la the_o charter_n be_v good_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o full_a authority_n in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar._n but_o to_o proceed_v the_o greenland_n patent_n for_o sole_a fish_n exclusive_a of_o other_o grant_v by_o queen_n eliz._n be_v hold_v good_a roll_v part_n 5._o fol._n 3._o taylor_n of_o ipswich_n his_o case_n and_o the_o case_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o westminster_n be_v agree_v to_o be_v law_n in_o darcy_n case_n moor_n 673._o by_o mr._n justice_n doderidge_n and_o by_o the_o way_n he_o give_v good_a advice_n to_o all_o person_n that_o dispute_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o for_o the_o friendship_n i_o bear_v to_o mr._n sands_n and_o other_o that_o be_v now_o in_o court_n and_o i_o think_v need_v the_o advice_n i_o shall_v read_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o book_n he_o that_o hew_v above_o his_o hand_n chip_n will_v fall_v into_o his_o eye_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la majestatem_fw-la serutatur_fw-la principis_fw-la opprimetur_fw-la splendore_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o king_n james_n time_n many_o grant_n like_o we_o be_v make_v but_o particular_o in_o 7._o jac._n the_o patent_n grant_v to_o the_o east-india_n company_n by_o queen_n eliz._n be_v the_o advice_n of_o all_o her_o council_n as_o well_o as_o by_o my_o lord_n hubbard_n then_o attorney_n general_n and_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n solicitor_n general_n confirm_v and_o allow_v with_o the_o same_o clause_n as_o the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o so_o remain_v undisturbed_a and_o uninterrupted_a all_o king_n james_n reign_n and_o be_v not_o think_v to_o be_v any_o whit_n touch_v or_o aim_v at_o by_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o statute_n 43_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o sect_n 9_o that_o act_n only_o point_v at_o the_o monopoly_n patent_n complain_v of_o in_o that_o parliament_n of_o 43_o of_o the_o queen_n which_o i_o mention_v before_o then_o come_v the_o statute_n so_o much_o insist_v on_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n common_o call_v the_o statute_n of_o monopoly_n stat._n 21_o jac._n cap_n 3._o which_o certain_o do_v not_o at_o all_o affect_v the_o case_n at_o the_o bar._n for_o first_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o a_o general_n grant_v for_o the_o sole_a buy_n sell_v make_v use_v of_o any_o thing_n within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o act_n nor_o do_v this_o charter_n give_v the_o east-india_n company_n licence_n or_o toleration_n to_o do_v use_v or_o exercise_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o tenor_n or_o purport_n of_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n provide_v against_o by_o that_o by_o act._n but_o the_o parliament_n than_o seem_v to_o take_v the_o same_o general_a care_n of_o all_o such_o charter_n as_o this_o at_o the_o bar_n as_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o 3._o jacob._n of_o that_o particular_a charter_n of_o exeter_n and_o therefore_o to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o word_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o act_n of_o monopoly_n may_v not_o be_v think_v to_o extend_v to_o charter_n to_o corporation_n for_o trade_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n sect_n 9_o that_o that_o act_n shall_v not_o extend_v to_o any_o corporation_n company_n or_o fellowship_n etc._n etc._n erect_v for_o the_o maintenance_n enlargement_n or_o order_v any_o trade_n or_o merchandise_n but_o leave_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v before_o that_o act_n without_o any_o immutation_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o parliament_n than_o think_v a_o general_n save_v sufficient_a to_o support_v those_o charter_n that_o be_v then_o in_o be_v to_o corporation_n for_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n but_o make_v particular_a proviso_n for_o the_o save_n of_o patent_n for_o inland_a commodity_n viz._n such_o as_o salt_n gunpowder_n ordinance_n shot_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o this_o company_n be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o their_o privilege_n of_o sole_a trade_n exclusive_a of_o other_o all_o king_n james_n and_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o his_o time_n till_o all_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v invade_v and_o the_o crown_a head_n too_o be_v take_v off_o by_o traitor_n and_o rebel_n but_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n have_v restore_v we_o our_o king_n and_o reinve_v he_o with_o all_o his_o undoubted_a prerogative_n as_o well_o as_o restore_v we_o to_o our_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o scarce_o as_o i_o may_v say_v warm_a in_o his_o throne_n but_o among_o the_o other_o consideration_n that_o he_o have_v for_o the_o public_a weal_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o consider_v the_o public_a advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n arise_v by_o trade_n and_o among_o they_o one_o of_o his_o first_o thought_n be_v fix_v upon_o this_o company_n for_o the_o three_o of_o april_n 1661._o he_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n grant_v to_o the_o east-india_n company_n and_o of_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v to_o they_o by_o the_o late_a trouble_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n and_o approbation_n of_o mr._n attorney_n palmer_n and_o my_o lord_n chancellor_n finch_n he_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o all_o their_o privilege_n the_o 27_o of_o may_n in_o the_o 20_o of_o
have_v over_o other_o mechanic_n craft_n and_o mystery_n and_o that_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v well_o observe_v to_o prevent_v fraud_n deceit_n and_o other_o abuse_n either_o in_o weight_n measure_n or_o otherwise_o which_o will_v certain_o interrupt_v such_o commerce_n but_o our_o law_n go_v yet_o a_o step_v further_o and_o allow_v further_a difference_n between_o inland_a merchandise_n and_o foreign_a and_o allow_v a_o different_a way_n of_o determine_v controversy_n that_o arise_v thereupon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n allow_v the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v decide_v such_o controversy_n to_o decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la h._n 4._o fol._n 19_o a_o complaint_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o council_n of_o some_o good_n take_v away_o from_o a_o merchant_n it_o be_v move_v in_o that_o case_n that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n say_v that_o the_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n to_o have_v his_o cause_n try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o other_o solemnity_n of_o our_o law_n but_o shall_v sue_v in_o chancery_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o universal_a law_n of_o the_o world._n and_o it_o be_v in_o that_o case_n agree_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o if_o foreign_a merchandise_n be_v steal_v or_o waive_v they_o can_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o other_o england_n merchandize_n may_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o waif_n and_o stray_v which_o show_v plain_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o law_n between_o foreign_a merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o other_o inland_a good_n and_o commodity_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v partner_n in_o merchandize_n one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n b._n 117._o d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v no_o merchandise_n the_o one_o can_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o if_o one_o of_o the_o merchant_n die_v the_o executor_n may_v bring_v his_o account_n against_o the_o survivor_n for_o his_o moiety_n reg._n 135._o f._n n._n b._n 117._o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o copartnership_n for_o other_o good_n it_o will_v survive_v per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n the_o defendant_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o contract_n about_o merchandise_n in_o lanes_n report_n bates_n case_n agree_v reg._n 260._o a._n at_o common_a law_n the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v excuse_v from_o toll_n but_o say_v the_o write_v dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la merchandizas_n aliquas_fw-la non_fw-la exercitat_fw-la de_fw-fr iisdem_fw-la it_o show_v that_o then_o they_o fall_v under_o another_o consideration_n if_o one_o man_n wrong_v another_o man_n of_o his_o good_n here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n will_v lie_v but_o if_o a_o merchant_n good_n be_v take_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o must_v be_v a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n to_o obtain_v satisfaction_n the_o parliament_n roll_n 3_o ed._n 1._o m._n 19_o in_o archivis_fw-la turris_n londini_fw-la where_o the_o bailiff_n of_o southampton_n be_v command_v by_o writ_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la leodienses_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n angliae_fw-la accident_n per_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o catalla_n sua_fw-la distringantur_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la florentinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a common_a law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consuetudo_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o foreign_a merchandize_n and_o trader_n differ_v from_o other_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o law_n even_o by_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n itself_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v also_o make_v for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n contract_v for_o merchandize_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o action_n burnel_n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n vicesimo_fw-la septimo_fw-la ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o for_o merchandize_n take_v away_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o speedy_a and_o ready_a process_n shall_v be_v against_o he_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o from_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o not_o at_o the_o common_a law._n so_o the_o statute_n for_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o insurance_n design_v for_o the_o speedy_a ease_n of_o merchant_n have_v leave_v the_o determination_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o therefore_o have_v order_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty's_n court_n always_o to_o preside_v in_o those_o commission_n by_o all_o which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v fair_o conclude_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n allow_v of_o between_o the_o inland_a and_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o that_o ii_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o liberty_n of_o foreign_a trade_n may_v be_v restrain_v and_o here_o i_o must_v premise_v that_o as_o at_o first_o all_o thing_n be_v promiscuous_o common_a and_o undivided_a to_o all_o so_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o this_o universal_a right_n be_v then_o instead_o of_o property_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o number_n of_o man_n increase_v and_o they_o find_v by_o experience_n the_o inconveniency_n of_o hold_v all_o thing_n in_o common_a thing_n be_v reduce_v into_o property_n by_o agreement_n and_o compact_n either_o express_v as_o by_o partition_n or_o imply_v by_o premier_n occupancy_n after_o this_o government_n be_v establish_v and_o law_n be_v make_v even_o for_o the_o order_n those_o thing_n to_o which_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n as_o for_o example_n desert_n place_n uninhabited_a island_n in_o the_o sea_n wild_a beast_n fish_n and_o bird_n the_o former_a be_v usual_o gain_v and_o dispose_v of_o by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o people_n the_o latter_a by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o the_o land_n and_o water_n who_o may_v forbid_v all_o other_o from_o hunt_v fish_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o universal_a law_n his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v always_o dispose_v of_o the_o several_a plantation_n abroad_o that_o have_v be_v discover_v or_o gain_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n and_o may_v do_v for_o the_o future_a in_o case_n any_o other_o be_v discover_v and_o acquire_v for_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v command_v nothing_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n forbid_v yet_o they_o may_v bound_v and_o circumscribe_v that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n leave_v free_a and_o forbid_v that_o which_o natural_o may_v be_v lawful_a now_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n mr._n williams_n quote_v that_o common_a say_n commercia_fw-la debent_fw-la esse_fw-la libera_fw-la from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n the_o sea_n and_o trade_n and_o traffic_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a as_o the_o air_n and_o for_o that_o he_o have_v cite_v grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la cap._n 3._o wellwoods_n abridgement_n of_o sea-law_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n grotius_n the_o mari_n libero_fw-la where_o he_o say_v mare_n &_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la sunt_fw-la communia_fw-la britton_n cap._n 33._o de_fw-fr perchase_n le_fw-fr mere_a &_o le_fw-fr air_n sunt_fw-la thores_fw-la common_n sir_n john_n burrough_n his_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n baldus_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la dominiis_fw-la but_o i_o think_v none_o of_o those_o book_n can_v warrant_v his_o conclusion_n for_o sure_o that_o expression_n commercia_fw-la sunt_fw-la libera_fw-la can_v possible_o be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o every_o man_n in_o every_o nation_n shall_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o trade_n either_o in_o what_o commodity_n or_o to_o what_o place_n or_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n that_o trade_n and_o commerce_n must_v be_v subject_a to_o some_o law_n and_o grotius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr mari_n libero_fw-la propose_v this_o main_a design_n to_o prove_v that_o any_o one_o nation_n have_v not_o power_n to_o hinder_v another_o nation_n from_o free_a commerce_n and_o that_o the_o spaniard_n therefore_o have_v no_o right_a to_o prohibit_v the_o
dutch_a from_o trade_v into_o such_o part_n of_o indies_n whereof_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o possess_v upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o have_v the_o dominion_n of_o those_o sea_n inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o hispanos_n say_v he_o heac_n controversia_fw-la est_fw-la sitne_n immensum_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la mare_fw-la regni_fw-la unius_fw-la nec_fw-la maritimi_fw-la accessio_fw-la populóne_fw-la unquam_fw-la jus_o sit_fw-la volentes_fw-la populos_fw-la prohibere_fw-la ne_fw-la vendant_fw-la ne_fw-la permutent_fw-la ne_fw-la denique_fw-la commeent_fw-la inter_fw-la sese_fw-la and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o countryman_n he_o do_v therefore_o assert_v licere_fw-la cuivis_fw-la genti_fw-la quamvis_fw-la alteram_fw-la adire_fw-la cumque_fw-la ea_fw-la negotiare_fw-la which_o take_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v certain_o otherwise_o yet_o nothing_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o thence_o but_o only_o the_o question_n of_o commerce_n between_o one_o nation_n and_o another_o and_o how_o that_o be_v before_o league_n and_o treaty_n be_v make_v little_o may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n attorney_n well_o observe_v beside_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n which_o do_v not_o give_v any_o demandable_a right_n but_o sure_o grotius_n there_o have_v no_o particular_a respect_n to_o particular_a subject_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n how_o far_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o any_o nation_n may_v erect_v a_o society_n of_o trade_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o for_o certain_a commodity_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o subject_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o plain_o appear_v both_o from_o the_o scope_n of_o his_o book_n as_o also_o for_o that_o for_o several_a year_n both_o before_o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o publish_v that_o treatise_n the_o dutch_a east-india_n company_n be_v establish_v which_o i_o shall_v have_v far_a occasion_n to_o discourse_v of_o by_o and_o by_o as_o for_o welwood_n epistle_n i_o have_v seldom_o observe_v that_o epistle_n have_v be_v cite_v in_o westminster-hall_n as_o authority_n yet_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o that_o all_o loyal_a subject_n shall_v have_v their_o petition_n grant_v to_o safety_n and_o security_n in_o their_o trade_n i_o suppose_v welwood_n little_o dream_v of_o interloper_n when_o he_o talk_v of_o loyal_a subject_n if_o it_o can_v be_v mean_v only_o of_o such_o who_o may_v trade_v by_o law_n that_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n as_o to_o that_o of_o britton_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a it_o be_v answer_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o and_o welwood_n page_n 66._o say_v that_o by_o common_a or_o publicum_fw-la be_v mean_v a_o thing_n common_a for_o the_o use_v of_o any_o one_o sort_n of_o people_n according_a to_o that_o say_n roma_fw-la communis_fw-la patria_fw-la est_fw-la but_o not_o for_o all_o of_o all_o nation_n welwood_n page_n 66._o that_o passage_n of_o burrough_n be_v only_o observe_v to_o prove_v the_o king_n prerogative_n within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o though_o mr._n william_n will_v have_v insinuate_v as_o the_o sturgeon_n and_o other_o great_a fish_n and_o wreck_n and_o the_o like_a have_v come_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 17._o e._n 3._o c._n 11._o that_o act_n be_v but_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o he_o have_v it_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o prerogative_n plowden_n commentary_n in_o the_o case_n of_o mine_n cook_n 5._o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n these_o thing_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o the_o treatise_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la on_o which_o mr._n williams_n so_o much_o rely_v be_v crafty_o write_v to_o overthrow_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o that_o beneficial_a part_n thereof_o relate_v to_o the_o fish_n on_o the_o english_a coast_n and_o contain_v a_o plain_a proclamation_n for_o all_o person_n of_o any_o nation_n indifferent_o to_o fish_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o sea_n for_o say_v cap._n 5._o fol._n 10._o quae_fw-la autem_fw-la navigationis_fw-la eadem_fw-la piscatus_fw-la habenda_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la ut_fw-la communis_fw-la maneat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la and_o herein_o though_o mr._n william_n intend_v to_o make_v good_a the_o premise_n i_o presume_v that_o mr._n pollexfen_n that_o argue_v on_o the_o same_o side_n have_v a_o great_a concern_v for_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o west_n than_o to_o join_v with_o he_o to_o make_v good_a that_o conclusion_n and_o before_o i_o go_v off_o from_o this_o point_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o the_o better_a to_o clear_v the_o way_n to_o my_o conclusion_n to_o give_v some_o instance_n wherein_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a for_o their_o several_a public_a advantage_n to_o put_v restriction_n upon_o trade_n and_o do_v not_o think_v it_o injurious_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o mankind_n so_o much_o discourse_v of_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o give_v some_o few_o instance_n videmus_fw-la jura_n commerciorum_fw-la say_v bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n lib._n 1._o chap._n 7._o non_fw-la solum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la populorum_fw-la principumque_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la conventis_fw-la verumetiam_fw-la singularum_fw-la statutis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v the_o compact_n for_o trade_n between_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o the_o hantz_n town_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n france_n spain_n and_o several_a other_o country_n illi_fw-la say_v he_o inter_fw-la se_fw-la commercium_fw-la multis_fw-la modis_fw-la personarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la locorum_fw-la temporum_fw-la atque_fw-la omni_fw-la aliâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la coarctarunt_fw-la so_o be_v marguardus_fw-la fol._n 155._o and_o buchanan_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o in_o all_o country_n the_o importation_n and_o exportation_n of_o some_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v as_o salt_n from_o france_n horse_n from_o other_o country_n wool_n from_o hence_o in_o whosoever_o that_o power_n of_o restraint_n do_v remain_v the_o power_n of_o licens_v some_o and_o restrain_v of_o other_o sure_o do_v also_o remain_v by_o parity_n of_o reason_n but_o of_o that_o more_o by_o and_o by_o and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v true_o observe_v upon_o perusal_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v now_o in_o print_n relate_v to_o trade_n the_o parliament_n have_v in_o all_o age_n even_o to_o this_o king_n reign_n since_o his_o restauration_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v more_o law_n to_o prohibit_v foreign_a trade_n than_o to_o increase_v it_o as_o look_v upon_o it_o more_o advantageous_a to_o the_o common-weal_n and_o thus_o have_v observe_v that_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o restraint_n of_o trade_n and_o thereby_o think_v they_o do_v no_o injustice_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o mankind_n iii_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o step._n i_o shall_v therefore_o three_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o judge_v according_a to_o those_o law_n and_o i_o do_v not_o know_v of_o any_o statute_n or_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o in_o print_n that_o do_v oppose_v this_o assertion_n coke_n 3_o inst._n fol._n 181._o in_o the_o margin_n cite_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n at_o the_o bar_n commercium_fw-la say_v he_o jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nay_o it_o be_v the_o express_a text_n of_o the_o law_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la commercia_fw-la sunt_fw-la instituta_fw-la which_o be_v lay_v down_o as_o undeniable_o true_a and_o so_o admit_v to_o be_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n i_o will_v infer_v from_o thence_o since_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n all_o controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o same_o law_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a and_o express_a law_n in_o that_o country_n where_o such_o controversy_n do_v arise_v to_o determine_v they_o by_o and_o mr._n williams_n seem_v to_o allow_v that_o these_o be_v no_o such_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o he_o think_v that_o the_o controversy_n now_o before_o we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v but_o by_o parliament_n all_o other_o nation_n have_v govern_v themselves_o by_o this_o principle_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n stand_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v uniform_a judgement_n give_v there_o to_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n in_o cause_n relate_v to_o commerce_n navigation_n and_o the_o like_a and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v too_o straight_o and_o narrow_a to_o govern_v and_o decide_v difference_n arise_v