Edinburgh and their Successors Ratifying their Rights and Priviledges in manner after-mentioned And accordingly his Majesties dearest Grandfather by His Letters past and expede under the said Privy Seal of the Date foresaid Ratified and for His Majesty and His Highness Successore perpetually Confirmed The saids Letters made and granted by the saids Provost and Baillies of Edinburgh and Council thereof under their said common Seal of Causes of the Date above-mentioned to and in Favours of the saids Chyrurgions and Barbars of the said Burgh of Edinburgh from all and sundry the foresaids Priviledges Freedoms Liberties and Immunities above-written at length specified in the said Seal of Causes and Ratified and Approved and for him and his saids Successors perpetually Confirmed the foresaid Letter of Ratification and Approbation made and granted by the said deceâ—â— King James the Fourth of most worthy Memory under the Privy Seal of the s id ant ent Kingdom of Scotland of the Date foresaid whereby the foresaids Rules Statutes and Priviledges contained in the said Seal of Causes are confirmed and in like manner Ratified and Approved and for Him and His said Successors perpetually Confirmed the said Letter of Exemption made and granted by the said deceast Queen Mary his dearest Mother of worthy Memory under the Privy Seal of the said Kingdom of t e Dare above-mentioned Exeeming the Chyrurgions from bearing of Armour passing in Battel and from Reads Hosts and Gatherings Assemblies Wars and Weapon-showings and from passing upon Assises and Inquests in Actions Criminal or Civil and containing the other Priviledges above mentioned together with all Acts and Decreets given by the saids Provost and Baillies of the said Burgh of Edinburgh in Favours of the Deacon and Brethren of the saids Chyrurgions and Barbars within the said Burgh of Edinburgh with all that has followed or may follow thereupon in all and sundry Heads Clauses Articles Conditions and Circumstances thereof after the Forms and Tenors of the samen in all Points as the saids Letters of Ratification of the Date foresaid containing a Dispensation anent the Validity of the foresaids Writs thereby Ratified and the not Inserting thereof and several other Heads and Clauses at more length proports And as the saids Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh by an Act made and granted by them of the Date the 20 Day of August 1575 years mentioning That after Advisement had by them with the Supplication given in to them by the Deacon and Brethren of the Chyrurgions and Barbar-Craft bearing That it is specially provided in the Seal of Causes and others Gifts and Priviledges that none should Occupy nor use the said Craft nor no Point thereof unless he were a Freeman of the said Craft within any part of the Priviledges of the Burgh Nevertheless the hail Apothecaries of the said Burgh daily use exerce the said Craft of Chyrurgery they neither being Freemen thereof nor priviledged thereto neither having Speculation nor Knowledge thereintill to the great hurt of the Leiges who in their Maladies may come to their hands Therefor the saids Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh Ratified and Approved the foresaid Gift under the Seal of Causes of the Date above-written and for more strengthning thereof and haill Causes therein contained they by their said Act Discharged the saids Apothecars and all others not Freemen Chyrurgions not tryed not admitted by them of all using and exercing the said Chyrurgion and Barbar-Craft in time coming under the Pain of 40 shillings so oft as they be apprehended in contraveening of the said Gift And ordained the Officers of the said Burgh of Edinburgh to concur with the saids Chyrurgions and Barbars and their Officer in Poynding for the saids Unlaws as the said Act at more length bears And further the saids Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh by another Act dated the 10th day of September 1641 years Considering that it is as well expedient for the good of the Leiges who Reside out with the Burgh of Edinburgh and not within the Liberties pertaining to the said Burgh That in the Maâ—ter belonging to the Art of Chyrurgery they be provided with skilful and honest men and not left to the Arbitriment and Imposture of Women and Ignorants Therefore the Provost Baillies and Council of the sa d Burgh of Edinburgh did inhibit and Discharge all and sundry persons whatsomever not being Free-Men of the Chyrurgions of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and who have not given sufficient proof of their qualification and knowledge in the said Art of Chyrurgery of all using and exercising of any point of the said Art within the Bounds and Priviledges pertaining to the said Burgh of Edinburgh and appointed the Magistrats of the said Burgh to be Judges in all Controversies which should arise betwixt the Inhabitants of the saids Bounds and the Brethren of the Chyrurgeons and Barbar Craft foresaid as in the said Act of Council of the Date foresaid at moâ—e length is contained Attour His Majesties deceast Father King Charles the First of ever blessed Memory and His Estates of Parliament conveened in Anno 164â— years by Act of Parliament Intituled Act and Ratification in Favours of the Chyrurgeons and Barbars of Edinburgh Dated at Edinburgh the 17 Day of November 1641 years ratified and approved for him his Successors perpetually confirmed all whatsoever Priviledges Liberties anâ— Immunitieâ— made given and granted by the Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh under the Common Seal of Causes of the Date the 1st Day of July 1505 years to and in Favours of the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and specified in the said Sale of Cause and also ratified and approved the Letters of Approbation and Ratification granted by K. James the Fourth of most worthy Memory under his Highness Privy-Seal of the Date Tenor and Contents above-mentioned And sicklike ratified and approved and for him and his saids Successors perpetually confirmed by Letters of Approbation and Confirmation made and granted by the Deceast K. James the sixth His Majesties said Grand Father under his Privy Seal at Greenwich of the Date above-written whereby his Deceast Grand Father willed and granted and for him and his Successors Decerned Ordained and Declared the foresaid Letter under the Common Seal of Causes of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and Letter of Ratification thereof made and granted by K. James the Fourth to be good valid and effectual to the saids Chyrurgion Barbars in all time coming together also with the said Act Dated the tenth Day of September 1641 years whereby the saids Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh did Inhibite and Discharge all and sundrie persons who were not Free-men Chyrurgion-Barbars from using or exercising any point or part of the Chyrurgion or Barbar Craft as well with out the Burgh of Edinburgh and Liberties thereof within the haill Bounds of the samen as within the said Burgh of Edinburgh it self and whereby the Magistrats of the said Burgh are
to the Council of the Good Town did desire that they would make choice of others to be their Captains and to Supplie their other Offices and Places of that sort and that the Chirurgeons might be Free thereof in all time coming and that they might have the full Imployment and peaceable Possession of all their several Rights Priviledges Immunities and Exemptions granted and Ratified to them and Ratified in manner above-mentioned The said Council of the Good Town of Edinburgh having taken the said Supplication to their consideration did find the samen Just and Reasonable and necessar for the Good of the Leidges and for the Incouragement of the Chirurgeons to the due Tyes of their Callings and therefore did grant to the saids Chirurgeons Free-men of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and their Successors in that Calling that they should be free of all the Offices or any Charge of that kind in all time coming As also that they should have the full Imployment and peaceable Possession of all their other several Rights Privilidges Immunities and Exemptions granted or Ratified to them by the Kings Queens and Parliaments of this said antient Kingdom of Scotland or by the Good Town heretofore in their Favours within the said Good Burgh of Edinburgh or Liberties thereof of whatsomever Date or Dates as if the samen had been Repeated and specially Insert in the said Act and that for them and their Successors Chirurgeons Free-men of the said Burgh in all time coming And did Statue and Ordain that none should Molest them thereintil nor prejudge them of the same in time coming under the Pains and Penalties notwithstanding of any Acts practices or any other thing else to the contrair as the said Act at more length bears Likeas in an Court of Justiciary of the said Kingdom of Scotland holden within the said Burgh of Edinburgh upon the ninth day of March 1674 years by the Right Trustie and well beloved Cousin and Counsellor John Earl of Athole now Marquiss of Athole His Majesties Justice-General of the said Kingdom for the time and Sir James Foulis of Collingtoun Knight Sir Robert Nairn of Strathurd Knight Sir John Baird of Newbyth Knight and Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie Knight Lords Commissioners of Justiciary John Joissie Deacon of the Chirurgeons of the said Burgh of Edinburgh for the time for himself and in Name behalf of the remanent Members of the Chirurgeons and Chirurgeon Apothecarie within the said Burgh of Edinburgh did present a Petition shewing that notwithstanding of the manifold Liberties Priviledges Immunities Exemptions granted to the said Incorporation of the Chirurgeons in manner above-written Exeemand them from passing upon Assizes and Inquisits Criminal and Civil yet nevertheless several Members of the said Incorporation were daily troubled and molested by the Officers of the Court of Justiciary and Summonds to compear upon Sizes without respect to their exemptions as the said Petition at more length bears The said Lord justice general and Lords Commissioners of Justiciarie having considered the foresaid Petition together with the several rights Exemptions and Ratifications produced for instructing thereof did discharge all Messengers at Arms Macers of Court of Justiciary and other Officers whatsomever from Citing and Summonding of any of the Cherurgeons of the said Burgh of Edinburgh to pass upon Assizes and Inquests in Actions Criminal in time coming and that conform to their Gifts and Rights above specified as an Act of adjournal made thereanent in favours of the saids Cherurgeons more fully bears and sicklike in an other Court of Justiciary holden within the said Burgh of Edinburgh by the said Sir James Foulis Sir Robert Nairn Sir John Lockhart of Castle-hill Sir John Baird and Sir Thomas Wallace above designed Lords Commissioners of Justiciary upon the 29 day of July 1674 years anent criminal Letters raised used and execute at the instance of Margaret Dalmahoy Relict of the deceast James Raâ—stone Glasier in the Cannongate James Margaret Kathrine Agnes and Helen Ralstone his children for themselves and in name and behalf of the remnant Kin and Friends of the said Defunct and his Majesties Trustee Counseller Sir John Nisbet of Dirltoun Knight then His Majesties Advocat for his Highness interest in that matter and William Mason Mason in the Cannongate then Prisoner in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh divers and sundry of the Freemen Cherurgeons of the said Burgh of Edinburgh being called to give their opinion whether the said deceast James Ralstone did die of wounds mentioned in the saids other criminal Letters and they having given in their opinion in Write thereanent it was alleged by the Advocats for the Pursuers that no respect could be had to the foresaid report unless the saids Cherurgeons were compearing personally and Deponing thereanent and therefor craved that the saids Chyrurgeons might be unlawed for their absence unto which it was answered that the Chyrurgeons could not be unlawed nor forced to Depone nor give their Oath anent their opinion they being jurati magistri and so the Oath given at their admission behoved to have credit as to what concerned the skill and faithfull discharge of their Employment the Lords Commissioners of Justiciary having considered the Premisses in respect that the Chyrurgeons cited in that case were not cited as Witnesses to the Fact but to give their opinion upon the quality of the wounds and therefore by their Interloquitor refuse to unlaw and amerciat the absent Chyrurgeons as in the Decreet and Proces led and deduced thereanent and extracted under the Signe and Superscription Manual of Mr. Robert Martine Clerk to the said justice Court at more length is contained and farder His Majestie and Estates of Parliament of this ancient Kingdom of Scotland being conveened in Anno 1670 years and taking to their consideration that the Art of Chirurgerie is an ancient worthy and free Art most necessary for the healths and Lives of the Subjects and that the said Incorporation of the Chirurgeons and Barbours of the said Burgh of Edinburgh are an able and famous incorporation whereby the Leidges have found large experience to their great advantage both in time of Peace and War and that Pharmacie is an ancient free and necessary Art for the health of the Leidges and that the Brotherhood of the Apothecary and Cherurgeon Apothecaries of the Burgh of Edinburgh are an able and famous Brotherhood and have given good proof thereof Therefore and for certain other good causes and considerations his Majestie and the Estates of Parliament by an Act of Parliament dated the 22 day of August 1670 years ratified and approved and for his Majestie and his Successors with advice and consent of the Estates of Parliament perpetually confirmed the whole Acts Gifts Grants Rights Priviledges Liberties Immunities above and after mentioned to wit the said Act made given and granted by the said Provost Baillies and Council of the Burgh of Edinburgh under their common Seal of cause to and in favours of the Chirurgeons and Barbours of
under the Respective Seals and Clerks hands the Major partie being an quorum and against any person or persons who contraveen any of the Respective Rights Liberties and Priviledges within the Bounds foresaids As also any persons amongst themselves Contraveeners of their own Acts and orders thereafter and to exact Fynes Unlawes and Penalties therefore from them and from other Transgressors as aforesaid and to search take apprehend pâ—ynd and waird them for the samen the one half of the saids Fines of unfreemen to belong to the Council of Edinburgh and the other half of the said Incorporation and the Brotherhood foresaid Respective and if any person should find apprehend themselves prejudged or wronged aither by the determination of the said Incorporation or Brotherhood Respective contrair to the Laws Rights and Liberties priviledges and power granted to them or either of them that then in that case they should have the recourse of the Magistrats and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh who may determine in these cases for both parties as in the said Ratification and Act of Parliament at more length is contained by vertue of the whilk Seal of Causes Ratifications thereof Letters of Exemption granted by Queen Mary Letters of Confirmation and Approbation granted by King James the sixth His Majesties Grandfather and Act and Ratification of Parliament granted by King Charles the first His Majesties Father of eternal Memory and hail other Acts Gifts Grants Decreets of Court and Town Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and His Majesties Ratification and Act of Parliament granted in manner Above-mentioned and be vertue of several other Acts Gifts Grants Acts of Town Council and Court of the said Burgh of Edinburgh Acts and Decreets of the Town Council and Court of the Cannongate and Acts and Decreets of the Sheriff Courts of the Sheriffdome of Edinburgh and Acts and Decreets of the Baillie Court of Leith Portsburgh and Poterraw and Acts and Statutes made by the said Incorporation of Chyrurgeons and Barbars of the said Burgh of Edinburgh amongst themselves and by the said Brotherhood of the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries and Apothecaries among themselves not above exprest nor set down and whilks are all holden as hereintill insert and exprest as a part of this principal Lybel brevitatis causa The said Incorporation of the said Chyrurgeons and Barbars of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries Pursuers above-nominate for themselves and in name and behalf of the said Incorporation and their saids Predecessors the Freemen Chyrurgeon Barbers and Chyrurgeons-Apothecaries of the said Burgh of Edinburgh have been in peaceable Possession of the foresaid Rights and Priviledges contained in their said Seal of Causes Gifts Grants Acts Decreets and others particularly and generally above-mentioned past all memory of Man. And they and their said Successors Freemen Chyrurgeons and Barbers of the said Incorporation they ought and should have the only Right and Priviledge to use and exerce the haill Operations and Applications contained in their saids Gifts Grants and others Writs and Rights and particularly the haill Operations and Applications contained in the said Act of _____ December 1643 upon the living dead Bodies of Men Women Children and the Curing of their Diseases specially in their saids Rights as Tumors Wounds Ulcers Luxations Fractures curing of Verrols and others above-written and their Accidents by Operations Applications Diet Medicaments and what else belongs thereunto properly appertains to the Freemen Masters Chyrurgeons of the said Burgh of Edinburgh being tryed in Theory and Practice sworn and admitted to the Degrees of Mastership in Chyrurgery by the foresaid Incorporation allanerly and to no other person or persons whatsomever Nevertheless It is of Verity that the persons after nominate simple Apothecaries Unfreemen Chyrurgeons Unfreemen Barbers Perewig-makers Gardiners Country Leiches Women Ignorants and Impostures after designed al 's well who have their actual Residence Dwelling and Abode within the said Burgh of Edinburgh and Liberties thereof and bounds contained in the Gifts Grants and Priviledges abovewritten as these who Lurk Skulk Haunt and sometimes come within and sometimes without the Bounds foresaid and who are Vagrants viz. John Kennedy Apothecary Burges of E inburgh John Fowlis Elder Robert Campbel Hugh Nielson James Aickenhead James Laudin Patrick Cunninghame John Hepburn Mr. James Mackmath Mr. Alexander Hay John Fowlis younger Thomas Dalrymple and Patrick Hepburn Apothecaries Burgesses of the said Burgh of Edinburgh Walter Porterfield Apothecary in the Cannongate George Mackala Apothecary in Leith Edward Cunninghame Peiriwigmaker in Edinburgh James Robertson Barber there John Brown Gardiner in the Abbay of Holy-Rood-House Andrew Jackson Gardiner in West-ports burgh James Heughson Gardiner in the Pleasants George Bell pretended Chirurgeon in Edinburgh Euphane Barton indweller in Edinburgh and John Bigle her Husband for his Interest _____ Wilson Relict of the Deceast Hary Burn and Johanni Baptista Quarantini and Johannes Michael Philo Montibanks and certain other persons unfree Women Gardiners and Montibanks within the said Burgh of Edinburgh and Liberties thereof who are holden as herein repeated brevitatis causa dayly and continually take upon them to use and exerce the Practice of Chirurgerie and all other Points and Practices used and exerced by the Chirurgeon Barbers and Chirurgeon Apothecaries within the said Burgh of Edinburgh and al 's to use and exerce the hail Rights Liberties Immunities Priviledges belonging to the saids Pursuers Freemen foresaids albeit they have neither Right nor Interest to the same And therefore it ought and should not only to be found and declared by Decreet and Declarator of the Lords of Council and Session that the said Pursuers and their Successors the Freemen Masters Chirurgeons and Barbers of the said Burgh of Edinburgh being tryed in Theory and practice Sworn and admitted to the Degrees of Mastership in Chirurgerie by the said Incorporation and the Chirurgeon Apothecaries of the said Burgh of Edinburgh have the only good and undoubted Right to bruick enjoy and possess use and practice the hail Rights Liberties Freedoms Priviledges Operations Applications and others contained in their Acts Seals of Cause Exemptions Ratifications Decreets and other Writes particularly and generally abovementioned granted in their Favours and to use and exerce the hail Operations and Applications upon the Living and Dead Bodies of Men Women and Children and the cureing of all Deseases Incident and Accident to them particularly and generally above-mentioned and their Accidents by Operations Applications Dyet Medicaments and others whatsomever belonging thereunto and that the samen properly appertains to the saids Pursuers Free-men and Masters foresaid and to their Successors Free-men and Masters being tryed in Theory and Practice and Sworn and Admitted to the Degrees of Mastership in time coming in manner above-written and to no other person or Persons and farder it ought and should be found and declared by the Decreet and Declarator of the saids Lords of Council and Session that the saids Pursuers may by themselves their
of Causes to be discust and accordingly the said Action being inrolled and having come in by the course the Roll of Causes to be discust was called in presentia at which time both the saids Parties having likewise compeared by their respective Procurators above-named the Procurators for the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries repeated the foresaid Summonds of Declarator raised at their instance and for instructing thereof repeated the production formerly made by them of the particular Writs above-mentioned which are of the several dates tenors and contents respectivè libelled upon in the foresaid Summonds As also they repeated the foresaid Action before the Baillies of Edinburgh against the said Patrick Cunninghame for the particular Contraventions condescended on and craved he might be holden as confest in respect he refused to depone Which Action being Advocat They then insisted in the same as likewise in the foresaid Action of Declarator of the Chyrurgeons their privilidges upon the several priviledges contained in the Seal of Cause and other Rights granted to them by the Town of Edinburgh who by their Erection have power from the King to grant the same and which Seal of Cause is ratified by King James the 4th under the privy Seal upon the 13 day of October 1506 and by King James the 6th likewise under the privy Seal upon the 6th of June 1613 years and the Act of Town-Council dated the 10th of February 1641 years and ratified in Parliament the 17th of November the same year and several other Acts of the Town-Council in their favours for the better exercising their Calling which are all ratified in parliament upon the 22 day of August 1670 years and whereof they have been in the controverted possession as is instructed by several Sentences before the Town-Court of Edinburgh against the Contraveeners wherein they craved it might be declared that the saids Chyrurgeons have the sole priviledge of the exercising of Chyrurgery and that all others Unfreemen might be declared and that they might call the Contraveeners before the Magistrats and use all legal probation against them and that summarly conform to their Rights and Customs of Burgh and the above-named Procurators for the saids Apothecaries likewise Repeated the foresaid Summonds of Reduction and Declarator raised at their instances by way of Defence In which they insisted Primo Upon that Conclusion of the foresaid Summonds that they cannot be obliged to depone for thir Reasons 1. That it might involve the persons alledged Contraveeners in Perjury seing it cannot be imagined that they can remember every individual Act. 2. It would oblige them to discover the Diseases Conditions of their Patients which were absurd contrary to that Secrecy which their Calling obliges them to Tertio all the other Trades within the Town and in all other places that have as great Priviledges as the Chrurgeons can pretend to are not allowed to call them Freemen upon Oath as to their Encroachments upon their several Trades but all that is allowed them is to Sease the Work and if they can deprehend them in the Act to punish them Secundo they Insisted in the second Ground of Declarator viz. That the Chyrurgeons might hold them by their own Trade and might not exercise the Art of both Chyrurgery and Pharmacy for thir Reasons Primo in no well governed City one and the same Person is allowed to Exerce distinct Trades Secundo if the same were allowed here the Chyrurgeons being both Chyrurgeons and Apothecaries would render the Apothecaries Employment as de facto They do altogether insignificant seing they as Burgesses can be Apothecaries when they please and the Apothecaries cannot be Chyrurgeons without they serve an Apprentiship or Marry a Chyrurgeons Daughter albeit they were never so well qualified and the Art of Pharmacy being the nobler Art as being conversant about the Inside of the Man ought to have rather greater as less Encouragements as Chyrurgeons Tertio they Insisted on the third Ground of their Declarator viz. That the Liberty of making and applying of Searcloths to dead Bodies should be declared proper to them in respect that the Searcloth is a Drug and is not made use of for any Chyrurgical Operation being applyed only to dead Bodies And Insisted likewise upon the fourth Ground of Declarator viz. That it should be Declared that the Apothecaries has the only Priviledge of Administrating of Physick inwardly and that Phlebotomy common to them is the Chyrurgeons in respect that Phlebotomy is often requisit in Inward Distempers with which the Chyrurgeons does not meddle and sometimes must be so speedily Administrat as cannot admit of so much time as to send for a Chyrurgeon without eminent Danger of the Patients Life as in Plurasies and other violent Diseases To which it was Replyed for the Chyrurgeons That notwithstanding of the Defence Patrick Cuninghame must Depone or be holden as confest nor cannot be Declared that the Contraveeners of the Chyrurgeons Priviledges shall not be obliged to Depone in respect that by the Pursuers their Seal of Causes it is expresly provided that they may use all legal Probation against the Contraveeners and that the Oath of Party is a legal Probation cannot be contraverted Secundo They have been in constant Possession of this manner of Probation the Deeds of Contravention being always within closs Doors and often under silence of night perfected in a sudden and leaves not Work behind it that may be apprehended as other Manual Trades does And it is of no Weight to pretend that it would be the Occasion of discovering Patients Diseases for any that has a mind to conceal their Diseases may employ a Freeman and so not incur the hazard But to take off all Caval the Pursuers do Declare that they are content it be Declared that Unfreemen should not be obliged to Depone upon Contraventions in general but where the Acts are particularly lybelled as is particularly â—one in Patrick Cuninghames case here which is a Confession more as in Law can be required seing Oaths in general are frequently taken in things of less concern as Mulâ—â—â—-Oâ—ths cutting of Wood killing of Fish c. As to the second Ground of the Declarator viz. Chyrurgeons should not be Apothecars It is answered That the same is absurd for thir Reasons Primo For Erecting of the Fraternity produced for they are no Trade and have no Seal of Cause as other Trades have any Burgess of Edinburgh if he were a Black Smith if free to be an Apothecary if he be able to undergo a Tryal and it were strange to allow it to all Burgesses to deny it to the Chyrurgeons who of all Burgesses are presumed to understand it best Secundo By the Erection of that Fraternity it appears that the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries were the great Procurers And that they taking to their Consideration that the Leiges were abused by unskilful Persons taking upon them to sell and prepare Drugs did procure the said Erection of a Fraternity excluding unskillful persons that could not bide a Tryal
the said Burgh of Edinburgh dated the 1. day of july 1505 years and whole Rights Priviledges and Liberties and Immunities therein contained and al 's the said Letter of Ratification and approbation made and granted by King James the fourth of worthy memory under his Highness Privy Seal of the date the said 13 day of October 1506 years and sicklike the said Letter of Exemption made and granted by the said deceast Queen Mary of the date above mentioned eximand the Chirurgeons from bearing of Armour passing in battle in any Host Reads gatherings Wars Weapon showing and from all compearing and passing upon Inquests and Assizes in any Action criminal or civil and in like manner the said Letter of confirmation and approbation made and granted by King James the sixth his Majesties Grand Father of most blessed Memory under his Highness privy Seall of the Date at Greenwitch abovespecified confirmed to the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars the said Act and Seall of Causes Letters of Ratification granted be King James the Fourth and Letter of Exemption foresaid granted be the said Deceast Queen Mary and likeas the foresaid Act of Parliament made and granted be his Majesties Dearest Father of Eternal Memorie with advice and consent of his saids Estates of Parliament to and in favours of the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars of Edinburgh of the Date the 17th day of November 1641 years And farder his Majestie with advice and consent of the saids Estates of Parliament Ratified and approved and for his Majestie and his said Successors perpetually confirmed to the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars of the said Burgh of Edinburgh that the Acts following viz. Ane Act granted be the Provost Baillies and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh against Unfreemen Dated the said 10th day of August 1649 years Item ane other Act granted be the saids Provost Baillies and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh in their favors anent their Rights Priviledges Liberties and Immunities and Prohibiting of Unfreemen Dated the 22 day of June 1655 years And also ane other Act anent the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars their Rights Previledges Liberties and Immunities and Exemption of the said Chyrurgeons fra Watchings Wardings and others mentioned in the said Act granted to them be the said Town Council of Edinburgh Dated the said 9th day of November 1660 years And farder his Majestie for himself and his saids Successors with advice and consent of the saids Estates of Parliament Ratified Approved and Confirmed the foresaid Act granted be the saids Provost Baillies and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh under the Seal of Causes in favours of the Appothecars and Chyrurgeon Appothecaires anent Visitors Examination of intrants and Prohibiting of Unfreemen to Compone Drugs and others therein mentioned of the Date the said 25th day of February 1657 years and one other Act granted by the said Provost Baillies and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh for conveening Regulating and ordering of the said Brother-Hood Dated the first day of April 1659 years As also an other Act containing ane Oath tendered be the said Town Council of Edinburgh to the saids Intrants at their Admissions Dated the 18th day of March 1664 year and the haill Rights Priviledges Liberties and Immunities respective contained in any of the saids Gifts Grants and Acts gaanted in favours of the Incorporation of the saids Chyrurgions and Barbars and of the said Brotherhood of the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries and Apothecaries or that may be any ways interpret or conceaved in any of their Favours His Majesties with advice and consent of the Estates of Parliament Ratified and approved and for his Majestie and his said Successors perpetually Confirmed all other Gifts grants Decreets made and granted be his Majesties Royal Predecessors and all Acts of Parliament Acts of Borrows and all and every one of the Acts of Courts and Town Council of Edinburgh and others and any Ratifications thereof in favours of the said Incorporation of the Chyrurgions and Barbars and Brotherhood of the Apothecarie Chyrurgeons and Apothecars of the said Burgh and every one of them their Successors Children Prentices respective anent their Rights Liberties Immunities and Priviledges of the said Incorporation and Brother-hood respective of whatsomever Date or dates Tenor or Contents the samen be or bear with all that has followed or may follow thereupon in all and sundry the haill Heads Points Articles Clauses provisions circumstances and conditions of all the saids Acts Gifts grants Decreets Ratifications and others particularlie and generallie abovementioned granted in favours of the said Incorporation and Brother-hood or any of them after the Forms and Tenors of the samen in all Points dispensand with the Generality of the said Ratification And his Majestie with advice and consent of the saids Estates of Parliament Decerned and ordained the said Ratification and Confirmation to be alse Valid effectual and sufficient to the fornamed Persons and their Successors respective as if all the saids Gift grants Acts of Parliament Acts of Borrows Decreets and Acts of Court and Town Council of Edinburgh and others and Ratifications foresaids were all and every one of them at length and verbatim speciallie and particularlie Insert ingrossed and contained in the said Ratification Whereanent and anent all other defects and imperfections that could be proponed or alleadged in all Objections of Law that could be moved against the samen His Majestie with advice and consent foresaid not only Dispenced But also Renunced and Discharged the samen for ever and gave full power to the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars and Brother-hood foresaid of the said Chyrurgion Apothecaries and Apothecaries of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and their said Successors to make use of all the saids Acts or any of them without prejudice of one to other to their best behoofe and advantage as they shal think fit and for effectuating better of the haill Premisses and ends foresaids His Majesty with advice and consent of the Estates of Parliament ordains the Magistrats and Council of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and their Successors to maintain the saids Chirurgeons aforesaid their Children Apprentices and Servants in their hail Rights Liberties Immunities and priviledges whatsomever granted in their favours notwithstanding that any of them should exerce any other thing besides as Burgesses and Gild-brethren and as if they did not the samen And sicklike ordained the saids Magistrats of the saids Burgh of Edinburgh and other Judges Sheriffs and Magistrats of the said Burgh of Edinburgh and Sheriffdome thereof and their Officers to assist and concurr with the Deacon and Brethren of the said Incorporation of the saids Chyrurgeons and Barbars and with the visitors and Brethren of the Brotherhood of the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries or any of them and their said Successors Respective against any Person or Persons who should exerce or practise any poynt or part of the said Art Respective within the Liberties of Edinburgh or any other place within the Sheriffdome thereof without licence or freedome from them
Deacon officier and others not only apprehend any of the saids Defenders if they can take them flagranti delicto but that they may also cause cite them before the saids Provost Baillies and Town Council of Edinburgh or other Magistrats thereof for contraveening any of the foresaids Priviledges Liberties Freedoms and others above-written and refer the Contraventions foresaid to the Oaths of the said simple Apothecaries and others Contraveeners and Defenders above nominat if the said Pursuers think fit or to use all other manner of Probation against the said Defenders and Contraveenrrs foresaids pro ut de jure and it ought and should be found and declared that the saids Defenders and all others concerned shall be holden bound and oblidged to depone upon all the matters of Fact that shall be particularly referred to their said Oaths in their respective Pursuits that shall be intented for the Contraventions before the said Magistrats of Edinburgh and al 's it ought and should be found and declared that the Provost Baillies and Council of Edinburgh are the only Judges competent in the first instance to the saids Pursuits to be intented against all Contraveeners for contraveening any of the saids Pursuers Priviledges above-specified and to discuss the same Summarly according to the Custom of Burgh And the Pursuers thier contraverted Practice in vindicating the Priviledges but also the saids Defenders above-mentioned and all other Unfreemen Gardiners Women and others whatsoever ought and should be decerned by Decreet of the saids Lords of Council and Session to desist and cease from all using and practiseing and exerciseing of any Point Part or Prctaice belonging to the saids Pursuers and ought and should be discharged by Decreet foresaid from taking upon them to Use Exerce or Enjoy any of the Rights Liberties Priviledges Immunities and Exemptions given and granted to the saids Pursuers and properly belonging to them and their Successors after the form and Tenor of the saids Acts Seals of Causes Ratifications Exemptions Gifts Grants Acts of Parliament Decreets and other Writs particularly and generally above-mentioned in all Points as is alledged as the said last Summonds and Execution thereof likewise more fully bears the said Mr. James Nisbet for himself and in Name and behalf of the remnanent Brethren of his said Trade pursuers of the foresaid Lybel as likewise pursuers in the foresaid Action of Declarator raised at their instance and Defenders in the other Acton raised against them Compearing be Sir George MackenÈie his Majesties Advocat Sir John Lauder Mr. Colen MackenÈie his Majesties Advocats their Procurators who for instructing the foresaid libel produced in presence of the saids Lords ane Condescendence made by the Chirurgeons upon the several acts of Contraventions done by the said Patrick Cunninghame whereby he had usurped upon the priviledges only belonging to the free-men Masters of the Art and Trade of Chyrurgery within the said Burgh and Liberties thereof 1. The said Patrick Cunninghame within this half year or thereby did cure Barbara Hastie daughter to umquhil Heastie Stabler in Edinburgh of an broken Head by applying Plasters thereto and otherways 2. The said Patrick Cunninghame did open an Vein to and let Blood of the Lady Lee younger within these five or six Months or thereby 3. The said Patrick Cunninghame applyed Plasters to the said Lady Lee her Arme the same being strained or hurt by some Accident or other at or about the time foresaid 4. The said Patrick Cunninghame opened an Vein to and let Blood of _____ Servitrix to the said Lady Lee within five or six Months or thereby 5. The said Patrick Cunninghame opened a Vein to and let Blood of the Earl of Carnwath and applyed Lochletches one or moe and Cauters one or moe to the said Earl within the space of three years or thereby 6. The said Patrick Cunninghame opened a Vein to and let Blood of _____ Semple daughter to umquhil John Semple of Balgone and applyed two Couters to her within the space of this half year or thereby 7. The said Patrick Cunninghame did frequently pance and dress _____ within the house of _____ at the head of the Cannongate who had a wound in his Breast within these three or four yeass or thereby 8. The said Patrick did apply several Plaisters and that frequently to umquhil William Cunninghame elder Merchant in Edinburgh his fore-foot within these three years or thereby the said Patrick Cunninghame opened an Vein to and let Blood of umquhile Henry Cunninghame and his Spouse and applyed Couters Plasters and Oyntments to them within these three years or thereby as the said Condescendence extent in process more fully bears as also for verefying and instructing the Points and Articles of the foresaids Summonds of Declarator and the Rights of priviledges of the said Incorporation adduced in presence of the saids Lords the particular Writs under-written conform to an Inventar thereof whereof the Tenor follows viz. The Seal of Cause dated the 1. of July 1505 erecting the Chyrurgeons into an Incorporation under the Town of Edinburgh their Seal of Cause Item Letters of Ratification thereof by King James the Fourth under his Privy Seal dated the 13 day of October 1506 years Item Letters of Exemption by Queen Mary under her Privy Seal dated 13 May 1567. years Item Signatur by King James the 6th subscribed by the Lords of Thesaury ordaining an Letter of Ratification to the above-written Rights to be exped under his Privy Seal dated 6 June 1613 years Item the Ratification following thereupon by King James the 6th under his Privy Seal dated the 6 of June 1613 years foresaid Item An Act of the Council of Edinburgh in favours of the Chyrurgeons dated 10 of September 1641 years Item An Ratification in Parliament of the above-written Rights in favours of the Chyrurgeons dated the 17 day of November 1641 years Item An other Act of the Council of Edinburgh in favours of the Chyrurgeons dated the 8 of December 1643 years Item An other Act of the Council of Edinburgh against unfree-men in the Cannongate Leith and other Suburbs dated the 20 of April 1649 years Item An other Act of the Council of Edinb against the Barbers in the Cannongate dated the 27 of June 1649 years Item An other Act of the Council of Edinburgh against the Barbers in the Cannongate dated 18 day of July 1649 years Item An Act of the Council of the Cannongate against their Barbers there dated 22 day of August 1649 years Item an Act of the Council of Edinburgh against the Unfreemen in the Cannongate dated 12 day of August 1649 years Item Two Acts of the Council of the Cannongate against Unfreemen there the one dated the 2d of August 1649 the other dated the 7 of September 1649 years both upon one Parchment Item An Act of the Council of the Cannongate in favours of the Apprentices of Barbers there dated 10 of Feb. 1654 years An Act and Decreet of the Council of Edinburgh in favours of the
Liberties thereof as to which Bounds this Declarator extends and no furder Thereafter there was an Supplication given in to the saids Lords at the instance of the said Chyrurgeon Apothecaries with the concurse of all the other fourteen Deacons shewing That where King James the sixth of Blessed Memory having debarred all Tradesmen from the Magistracy in which the Petitioners had then an equal share He did in recompense thereof allow the Petitioners the Benefit of Gildry by vertue where of it was free for the saids Petitioners or any of them who were comprehended in any maner of way under the fourteen Deaconries to be free not only to keep Shops as Gild-Brethren but likeways to exerce any of these Trades which were pendicles of the Gildrie And it cannot be denyed but that the Apothecary Trade was not comprehended under any of the fourteen Deaconries but was simply a pendicle of the Gildrie and consequently any of the fourteen Deaconries were free to be of it to which the Petitioners desired a Spesifick and formal Answer it never having been answered yet in these Processes and all that the Petitioners heard insinuated as an answer being that the Apothecaries Trade is not a meer selling but a Compounding of Druggs which Composition is no part of the Gildrie To which the Petitioners reply is that this is a mistake in the Fundamental Constitutâ—â—n of this Burgh whereby even the compounding of Drugs is no part of the fourteen Deac nries and consequently as before the year 1657 any man whatsomever might have been without tryal set up to compound Druggs if he was Burges so after the year 1657 all the priviledges given to the Apothecaries was only that none should exerce their Trade till they were found able by the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries and Apothecaries and therefore if that the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries can show that they were sufficiently able to understand their Trade why may not they be admitted al 's well as any other Burgesses since no Burges can be debarred that being his Birthright by the set and to press that they may be free of all the Supplicants Trade as they are of theirs was expresly contrair to the foundamental Constitutions of this Burgh who by no means can be free in any of the fourteen Deaconries but these who have either served in an Apprentiship to any of them or have married one of their Daughters when they have gotten a sufficient Answer to that point never as yet answered then it will be time to Debate whether the Apprentice which the Petitioners have received and may receive during our Lifetimes ought to be free of both Trades their being jus quaesitum to the Petitioners them thereto prior to this Decision and all statutes such as this of the saids Lords seems to be having only tractum futuri temporis though made by a Parliament especially when they are correctory of Priviledges bona fide acquired prior thereto and the Petitioners being admitted to both Fraternities in both which the Petitioners have given their Oaths de fideli and by their Constitution there can be no meeting except where the two Visitors are present and one of the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries must be Visitor So that either they must have a new Erection which the Petitioners humbly conceive none can give them but the Magistrats of Edinburgh or else the Petitioners must of necessity be present with them and the Petitioners humbly craved that the Apothecaries Advocats would show us which way and by what Arguments any Society could meet in Edinburgh without an Erection from the King or the Town or how men that have a Priviledge and are in Possession of it can be deprived and forfeited without a Fault As also how the Petitioners Apprentices who have payed in their Prentice-fees in Contemplation of both Trades before the saids Lords their Act can Forfeit their Fault upon which and several other Points never yet debated before the Lords The Petitioners desires to be heard in the saids Lords their own Presence which was never refused to any Subject whose Cause was once heard in presentia as the said Supplication and desire thereof more fully bears To which it was answered for the Apothecaries and Chyrurgeon Barbers viz. That neither the tumultary Caballs of the Trades nor the tumultuary Petitions which are given in name of the hail Trades tho' thirteen of them are not in the least concerned ought to have no other influence upon the Losds but to deserve a Censure and Reprimand that after they have taken so much pâ—ins and trouble and has determined the point upon unanswerable Grounds of Law and Reason with all possible Tenderness and Allowance to the present Chyrurgeon Apothecaries They should in an indiscreet Way and Manner Caball and run up and down and amuse ignorant people with Stories of Government and Priviledges which is not in the least concerned The case being a single Debase of privat Rights and a Controversy betwixt the Apothecaries and Chyrurgeons which is no other but directly the same with the Debates and Controversies which have and may arise betwixt other Trades And as to the Prentices in the Petition That the Apothecaries are none of the Pendicles of the fourteen Deaconries and that any Gild-Brother might have exerced the Employment of an Apothecary before the Erection in a Fraternity and may do the same since their undergoing the Tryal and being Qualified It was answered the Interlocutor is opponed and Grounds whereupon it proceeded and the Petitioners do strangely forget themselves if they disremember that the said Pretence was both Founded upon in the Declarator and fully answered and satisfied And again to refresh their Memory the Answer then made was that albeit the Decreet Arbitral pronounced by His Majesties Grandfather King James the Sixth had settled the fourteen Deaconries in order to the Government of the Burgh and that the Apothecaries were none of these Deaconries yet without the least impinging upon the Decreet Arbitral it was lawful and competent to the Apothecaries to crave by their Declarator that Pharmacy and Chyrurgery might be declared distinct Employments and separately exercised as such just as the several Pendicles of one and the same Deaconry might pursue a Declarator of this nature against the other As for Instance if the Bakers of Pyes should transgress and bake Loaves which is a distinct Employment though belonging to the same Deaconry or if a Lock-smith should pursue a Black-smith if he should use both Trades though under the same Deaconry of Hammermen and fourty others which might be instanced by which the saids Lords may plainly perceive that the Decreet Arbitral or the Settlement of the fourteen Deaconries is not in the least concerned and besides it is certain and undenyable that the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries are none of the fourteen Deaconries or so much as mentioned in the Sett but only the simple Chyrurgeons the most part of whom do concur with the simple Apothecaries in the foresaid Declarator And as to
of the Chirurgeon Apothecaries but have appointed the two persons whom the Lords formerly discharged to Officiat to be again received viz. John Baillie and Mr. James Mackmath And therefore humbly craving that seing the Lords by their Deliverance in March one thousand six hundred and eighty six years declared if the Town-Council would proceed to nominat an Chyrurgeon-Apothecary to be the Petitioners Visitor in time-coming the Lords would allow the Petitioners to nominat their own Visitor and likewise they have refused to produce their Patent to the Lords in December last though they founded their Answers thereupon to the Petitioners Petition that therefore the Lords would be pleased upon the Considerations foresaid in the first place to discharge John Baillie Mr. James Mackmath to Officiat in the said Office as the saids Lords did formerly in December last and to Nominat one of the Petitioners number according to the List given in or to free the Lords of this perpetual trouble that the Lords would allow the Petitioners the Nomination of their own Visitor in all time-coming as the saids Lords declared by their Deliverance in March one thousand six hundred and eighty six years Whilk Petition and desire thereof being read in Audience of the saids Lords and they being therewith well and 〈◊〉 â—â—vised The Lords of Council and Session have discharged and hereby discharges 〈…〉 â—â—â—sons Nominat Visitors by the Town-Council of Edinburgh to Officiat and have Nomâ—â—â—â—â—â— and Appointed and hereby Nominats and Appoints Hugh Neilson to be Visitor of the 〈…〉 â—â—â—ternity of the Apothecaries for this year Extractum ex libro actorum per me sic subscâ—â—bitur Al Gibson One other Act in Favours of the Fraternity of Apothecaries of Edinburgh AT Edinburgh the Ninteen day of July 1683 years Anent the Petition given in and presented to the Lords of Council and Session be the Fraternity of the Apothecaries within the Burgh of Edinburgh Shewing that whereas the Lords having by their Decreet several years ago upon very rational and Important Grounds separat the two Callings of Pharmacy and Chyrurgerie and for makeing the said Separation effectual did appoint them to Sit at two different Tables and the Lords having afterwards appointed the Town of Edinburgh by several Acts and diliverances to nominat one of their Fraternity to be Visitor of the Calling and the Town having always complyed with the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries who are one of their Trads to nominat one of their Number to be Visitors to the Apothecaries which the Lord did find so unreasonable and Inconsistent with the ends of the separation that now for these four years by past when they did nominat an Chyrurgeon-Apothecarie the Lords did most justly rescind the said Nomination and in respect of their Contimacie and disobedience did themselves nominat ane simple Apothecarie for these several years by past and did so far resent the disobedience that in March 1685 years Sir Patrick Hume the Towns Assessor for the time was called in before the Lords and publickly rebuked for giving the Town so unreasonable an advice and particularlie in March 1686 years the Lords by their Act in the Apothecaries favours which is produced in Proces sand that the Nomination of David Pringle a Chyrurgeon-Apothecarie was void and null and in his place appoint John Joisie a simple Apothecarie to be sole Visitor for that year and farder declared that if the Magistrats and Town Council of Edinburgh should at an time thereafter nominate ane Chyrurgeon-Apothecarie to be Visitor of the Apothecaries Fraternity that the Lords would allow the Petitioners to name their own Visitor in all time coming likeas the Town Council of Edinburgh having in December 1686 years upon pretence of a Patent lately obtained from his Majesty in favours of the Chyrurgeons-Apothecaries taken upon them to Nominat a Visitor to the Petitioners Fraternity notwithstanding that John Joisie was at the time Visitor be the Lords own appointment and that this year was not expired the Lords were pleased by their Interloquitor upon the eighteen of December the said year to Discharge the Visitor appointed be the Town Council and to continue the said John Joisie Visitor of the Petitioners Fraternity until the expiring of the year for which he was nominat by the Lords And farder in Anno 1687 the Petitioners did apply to the Town Council to nominat a Visitor which they having delayed the Petitioners were necessitat again to mean themselves to the Lords and after hearing all the answers given in by the Town Council the Lords did appoint Hugh Nilson to be Visitor for that year as is evident by the Act produced in Proces and now the Petitioners having again applyed to the Magistrats and Town Council to appoint a Visitor to the Petitioners Fraternity for this year they have after their usual manner delayed to give any answer and since the Petitioners have no otherways of Redress against so frequent and reiterated Acts of contempt and disobedience to the Lords Authority and incroachments upon just Priviledges but to make a new Complaint and Representation of the saids abuses and therefore humbly Craving the Lords would consider the former Acts for these several years by past and particularly that in March 1686 whereby the Lords nominate John Joisie for that year and declaired that if the Town did nominat in any time thereafter a Chyrurgeon-Apothecarie that the Lords would allow the Petitioners to choise and nominat their own Visitor as the last Act in June 1687. appointing Hugh Neilson to be Visitor for that year ensueing and to save the Lords from all furder trouble to declair that in all time coming that the Petitioners shall have liberty to Choise and nominat their own Visitor as in the said Petition at more length is conteained whilk Petition being Read in Audience of the saids Lords they ordained the Procurators of the Town of Edinburgh to see the said Petition and answer the same the next day peremptorie according whereinto the Procurators of the said Town of Edinburgh having got up the Petition to see they reproduced the samen and gave in the answers 〈…〉 as follows viz. It is answered that their being a Petition given in to the Town â—â—â—â—cil of Edinburgh by the simple Apothecaries the beginning of this Moneth of July â—â—ving that the Magistrats would nominat one of their Number to be Visitor for this enâ—â—eing year the Town Council of Edinburgh did most warrantably and Moderatly carie â—â—erein by ordaining the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries to see and answer the foresaid Petition â—ut before their answers could be given or the Magistrats could medle with it the Convenâ—â—on of Burrows and the Lord Provost his going to Court so Interveened that the Town Council could give no answer to the foresaid Petition while that now after mature deliberation and takeing his Majesties Royal Gift restoring the Chyrurgeon-Apothecaries to their former Priviledges notwithstanding of ane previous Decreet of Separation with a Letter from the Secretary of State direct to the Lord High Chancellour bearing his Majesties Inclinations that his Lordship and the President of the Session should consider both Patents Decreets of Separation and all other differences betwixt the Physitians Chyrurgeons-Apothecaries and simple Apothecaries that the same Might be reported to his sacred Majestie and the determination might be made by his Majestie as might end these Debats betwixt them and in the mean time Stopping all Process relating thereunto until his Majesties further pleasure should be known therein they have upon such unquarrellable grounds and his sacred Majesties Pleasure and Command so often repeated to them declared that they can do no Deed prejudicial thereto until the will of the said Letter be fulfilled or the new Gift in favours of the Chyrurgeon Apothecaries be reduced as the Double of the said Letter from the Secretary of State direct to the Lord High Chancellor with the double of the simple Apothecaries Petition to the Town Council of Edinburgh and their Deliverance on the back thereof produced testified by all which it appears that the Magistrats of Edinburgh have not been in mora as is falsly suggested but they as all their Predecessors have still given ready Obedience to his Majesties Commands and did not think it fit after so full and ample a Gift to such a distinct clear Letter to meddle with either Parties therein but the Truth is this Affair is managed by a Company of some head-strong People who make it their Business to creatâ— Division and make Parties in all the Societies and Incorporations of the Town and who being sworn Burgesses thereto for which calumnious Petitions as they have given in these several years bygone against the Magistrats of Edinburgh their Patrons they ought not only to be severly punished therefore but in all time coming be discharged to give in such Petitions or at least while the Lords gave their final Sentence in the whole matter as his Majesty requires otherways this may be an incouragement to the meanest Inhabitant of the Town to misrepresent the Magistrats who are acting and doing nothing but by his Majesties Command especially seing the whole Affair is managed but by two or three discontented Apothecaries the major part refusing to comply therein as the said Answers bears which Petition and Answers made thereto being all at length heard read seen and considered by the saids Lords and the Copy of the Secretaries Letter given in theirwith they therewith being well ripely advised The Lords of Council and Session have Nominat and Appointed and thereby nominats and appoints John Joisie simple Apothecary Visitor to the Fraternity of Apothecaries for that ensuing year Extractum de libro actorum per me Sic subscribitur Al. Gibson