look_v on_o tithe_n in_o general_a as_o due_a to_o the_o church_n as_o appear_v by_o very_a many_o of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n 436._o but_o they_o think_v they_o do_v very_o well_o when_o they_o appropriate_v they_o to_o monastery_n of_o their_o own_o erection_n 81._o or_o other_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o this_o humour_n take_v so_o much_o among_o the_o norman_a nobility_n and_o serve_v so_o many_o purpose_n of_o honour_n and_o devotion_n as_o they_o think_v beside_o reason_n of_o state_n that_o the_o parochial_a clergy_n be_v reduce_v to_o so_o poor_a a_o condition_n that_o alexander_n iv._o appropr_fw-la complain_v of_o it_o as_o the_o bane_n of_o religion_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o church_n and_o as_o a_o poison_n which_o have_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o it_o must_v be_v very_o scandalous_a indeed_o when_o the_o pope_n complain_v of_o it_o for_o the_o monk_n that_o be_v able_a general_o get_v their_o appropriation_n confirm_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o competency_n to_o be_v settle_v on_o the_o parochial_a clergy_n by_o the_o bishop_n consent_n which_o be_v require_v in_o order_n to_o the_o confirm_v a_o appropriation_n 399._o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o multitude_n of_o they_o in_o the_o monasticon_fw-la 881._o beside_o those_o which_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o church_n register_n 36._o sometime_o the_o endowment_n be_v express_v and_o at_o other_o time_n it_o be_v reserve_v in_o the_o bishop_n power_n to_o do_v it_o as_o he_o see_v cause_n but_o the_o bishop_n be_v either_o so_o remiss_a in_o those_o time_n or_o the_o monk_n so_o powerful_a at_o rome_n that_o the_o poor_a vicar_n fare_v so_o hardly_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o alexander_n iii_o monachis_fw-la send_v a_o reprimand_n to_o the_o bishop_n for_o favour_v the_o monk_n too_o much_o and_o the_o clergy_n too_o little_a and_o therefore_o require_v the_o bishop_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o vicar_n have_v a_o competent_a subsistence_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o burden_n of_o his_o place_n and_o to_o keep_v hospitality_n this_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o long_o since_o the_o poor_a vicar_n here_o be_v hardly_o provide_v for_o and_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v several_a form_n of_o appropriation_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n here_o after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salvo_n one_o for_o the_o bishop_n right_n and_o another_o for_o a_o sufficient_a maintenance_n for_o the_o curate_n although_o the_o church_n be_v appropriate_v ad_fw-la communem_fw-la usum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la as_o of_o wolstan_n roger_n and_o of_o william_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n ii_o when_o alexander_n iii_o live_v and_o of_o walter_n de_fw-fr grey_n sylvester_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o seem_v where_o a_o competent_a subsistence_n have_v be_v decree_v avar._n the_o monk_n take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o lessen_v it_o which_o occasion_v another_o decretal_a in_o the_o canon_n law_n wherein_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v forbid_v without_o the_o bishop_n consent_n extirp_v in_o other_o place_n they_o plead_v custom_n for_o it_o thence_o come_v another_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n to_o void_a all_o such_o custom_n by_o whosoever_o introduce_v where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o competent_a subsistence_n for_o he_o that_o serve_v the_o cure_n the_o monk_n be_v still_o refractory_a in_o this_o matter_n supra_fw-la and_o because_o the_o bishop_n have_v power_n to_o refuse_v any_o person_n present_v by_o the_o monk_n unless_o they_o do_v consent_n to_o such_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n as_o the_o bishop_n think_v fit_a therefore_o they_o grow_v sullen_a and_o will_v not_o present_v nobis_fw-la in_o which_o case_n another_o decretal_a be_v make_v to_o give_v the_o bishop_n power_n to_o present_v and_o after_o all_o clement_n v._o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la patron_n c._n 1._o reinforce_v the_o former_a decretal_n and_o enjoin_v the_o diocesan_n in_o the_o strict_a manner_n not_o to_o admit_v any_o person_n present_v to_o a_o cure_n where_o the_o church_n be_v appropriate_v unless_o sufficient_a allowance_n be_v make_v by_o the_o bishop_n consent_n and_o approbation_n and_o all_o custom_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o contrary_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v void_a but_o how_o far_o do_v this_o hold_n among_o we_o now_o since_o the_o appropriation_n be_v become_v lay-fee_n and_o the_o bishop_n power_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o clear_a answer_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o satisfactory_a to_o all_o party_n concern_v for_o as_o necessity_n and_o power_n so_o some_o man_n interest_n and_o reason_n live_v very_o near_a one_o another_o 1._o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n leave_v all_o matter_n of_o right_a as_o to_o person_n interest_v just_a as_o they_o be_v before_o for_o by_o the_o surrender_n the_o king_n be_v to_o have_v the_o monastery_n and_o tithe_n in_o as_o large_a and_o ample_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o abbot_n than_o have_v they_o in_o right_o of_o their_o house_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n and_o condition_n as_o they_o then_o be_v or_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v and_o so_o res_fw-la transit_fw-la cum_fw-la svo_fw-la onere_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o there_o be_v a_o express_a salvo_n for_o all_o right_n claim_n interest_n etc._n etc._n of_o all_o person_n and_o body_n politic_a so_o that_o if_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v such_o a_o antecedent_n right_o in_o the_o vicar_n to_o his_o allowance_n and_o in_o the_o bishop_n to_o assign_v it_o it_o be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o this_o statute_n nor_o any_o other_o 2._o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o bishop_n have_v a_o right_a to_o provide_v a_o competent_a maintenance_n for_o supply_v the_o cure_n upon_o a_o appropriation_n we_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o unquestionable_a authority_n in_o point_n of_o law_n that_o 9_o car._n 1._o this_o point_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n bench_n 337._o in_o the_o case_n of_o thornburgh_n and_o hitchcot_n the_o vicar_n complain_v that_o the_o church_n be_v appropriate_v and_o that_o he_o want_v a_o competent_a maintenance_n a_o prohibition_n be_v pray_v but_o deny_v upon_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o vicar_n have_v reason_n for_o his_o suit_n and_o that_o the_o ordinary_n may_v compel_v the_o impropriator_n to_o make_v it_o great_a because_o in_o all_o appropriation_n that_o power_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o ordinary_a and_o so_o in_o the_o year-book_n it_o be_v allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_n may_v increase_v or_o diminish_v the_o vicar_n portion_n 40_o e._n 3._o cas._n 15._o f._n 28._o quoniam_fw-la by_o our_o provincial_a constitution_n the_o bishop_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o vicar_n have_v a_o competent_a allowance_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v set_v at_o five_o mark_n but_o lyndwood_n observe_v that_o as_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n rise_v so_o the_o allowance_n be_v increase_v and_o in_o stipendiaries_n it_o be_v then_o advance_v to_o eight_o or_o ten_o mark_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n h._n spelman_n computation_n 153._o come_v to_o above_o sixty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la but_o some_o have_v tell_v we_o that_o by_o some_o old_a statute_n 183._o even_o benefice_v person_n be_v not_o by_o law_n to_o have_v above_o six_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n allow_v to_o parish_n priest_n which_o be_v so_o gross_a a_o mistake_n in_o any_o that_o pretend_v to_o law_n or_o antiquity_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v how_o they_o can_v fall_v into_o it_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n be_v this_o the_o parochial_a chaplain_n or_o priest_n be_v complain_v of_o 36_o e._n 3._o n._n 23._o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v get_v to_o attend_v after_o the_o plague_n 42._o but_o at_o excessive_a rate_n upon_o this_o a_o provincial_a constitution_n be_v make_v extant_a in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n wherein_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o demand_v no_o more_o than_o six_o mark_n beneficiatus_fw-la but_o who_o be_v these_o parish-priest_n not_o such_o as_o have_v the_o legal_a endowment_n but_o those_o who_o depend_v on_o the_o goodwill_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o people_n and_o be_v hire_v to_o officiate_v in_o chapel_n of_o ease_n or_o to_o perform_v office_n for_o the_o dead_a which_o be_v so_o frequent_a at_o that_o time_n and_o these_o be_v call_v annual_a chaplain_n or_o mass_n chaplain_n and_o be_v distinguish_v from_o domestic_a chaplain_n who_o officiate_v in_o great_a man_n house_n in_o their_o private_a oratory_n 1_o and_o from_o benefice_a person_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o constitution_n but_o whatever_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n then_o it_o be_v repeal_v 21_o jac._n 1._o 28._o 3._o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o to_o a_o competent_a subsistence_n for_o the_o vicar_n or_o
right_n because_o the_o fee-simple_n abide_v in_o he_o and_o his_o chapter_n 645._o and_o so_o may_v a_o dean_n and_o master_n of_o a_o hospital_n 413._o and_o these_o be_v call_v body_n politic_a by_o littleton_n that_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o bishop_n power_n may_v be_v restrain_v by_o ancient_a composition_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o two_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a body_n of_o st._n paul_n and_o litchfield_n concern_v which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o composition_n be_v extant_a both_o party_n be_v equal_o bind_v to_o observe_v their_o part_n thus_o by_o the_o remissness_n and_o absence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o litchfield_n from_o their_o see_n by_o go_v to_o chester_n and_o then_o to_o coventry_n the_o dean_n have_v great_a power_n lodge_v in_o they_o as_o to_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n there_o after_o long_o contest_v the_o matter_n come_v to_o a_o composition_n a._n d._n 1428._o by_o which_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o visit_v they_o but_o once_o in_o seven_o year_n and_o the_o chapter_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o their_o own_o peculiar_o so_o in_o the_o church_n of_o sarum_n the_o dean_n have_v very_o large_a jurisdiction_n even_o out_o of_o the_o bishop_n diocese_n which_o make_v it_o probable_a to_o have_v be_v very_o ancient_a but_o upon_o contest_v it_o be_v settle_v by_o composition_n between_o the_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n a._n d._n 1391._o but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o composition_n it_o depend_v upon_o custom_n which_o limit_n the_o exercise_n although_o it_o can_v deprive_v the_o bishop_n of_o his_o diocesan-right_a 4._o the_o delegate_n jurisdiction_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o several_a officer_n of_o the_o bishop_n court_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v found_v upon_o immemorial_n custom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o find_v no_o delegation_n of_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n for_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o person_n in_o the_o county-court_n and_o there_o hear_v ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o h._n 1._o when_o he_o pretend_v to_o restore_v the_o saxon_a law_n c._n 7._o but_o william_n i._o have_v settle_v the_o consistory-court_n by_o as_o good_a a_o law_n as_o any_o be_v make_v at_o that_o time_n distinct_a from_o the_o county-court_n and_o require_v all_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n to_o be_v there_o hear_v and_o his_o son_n h._n 1._o do_v but_o make_v a_o show_n of_o restore_v the_o saxon_a law_n and_o the_o former_a law_n come_v to_o be_v general_o receive_v and_o so_o mr._n selden_n yield_v 413._o that_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o general_a law_n which_o show_v that_o it_o obtain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n by_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o by_o authority_n the_o consistory-court_n be_v thus_o settle_v and_o number_n of_o cause_n there_o depend_v and_o the_o bishop_n be_v then_o by_o h._n 2._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n strict_o tie_v to_o attendance_n upon_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n with_o other_o baron_n there_o come_v a_o necessity_n of_o take_v in_o other_o person_n with_o a_o delegated_a power_n to_o hear_v cause_n and_o to_o do_v such_o other_o act_n of_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o bishop_n shall_v appoint_v for_o it_o be_v still_o allow_v that_o jure_fw-la communi_fw-la 69._o the_o jurisdiction_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n but_o jure_fw-la speciali_fw-la &_o in_o auxilium_fw-la episcopi_fw-la it_o may_v be_v delegated_a to_o other_o and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v here_o receive_v and_o not_o only_o here_o but_o it_o have_v be_v the_o general_a practice_n of_o christendom_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o part_n and_o build_v on_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o those_o of_o our_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o admiralty_n which_o be_v as_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o common_a law_n 5._o the_o settle_v parochial_a right_n or_o the_o bound_n of_o parish_n depend_v upon_o a_o ancient_a and_o immemorial_n custom_n for_o they_o be_v not_o limit_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n nor_o set_v forth_o by_o special_a commissioner_n but_o as_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n and_o person_n do_v happen_v to_o make_v they_o great_a or_o lesser_a in_o some_o place_n parish_n seem_v to_o interfere_v when_o some_o place_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o another_o parish_n belong_v to_o one_o that_o be_v distant_a but_o that_o have_v general_o happen_v by_o a_o unity_n of_o possession_n when_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o erect_v a_o new_a church_n and_o make_v a_o distinct_a parish_n of_o his_o own_o demesn_n some_o of_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o another_o parish_n but_o now_o care_n be_v take_v by_o annual_a perambulation_n to_o preserve_v those_o bound_n of_o parish_n which_o have_v be_v long_o settle_v by_o custom_n but_o the_o bound_n of_o parish_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n ii_o the_o next_o foundation_n of_o law_n be_v a_o general_n practice_n and_o allowance_n i.e._n when_o thing_n of_o themselves_o do_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o make_v they_o yet_o be_v general_o receive_v and_o allow_v they_o thereby_o become_v law_n to_o we_o this_o we_o have_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o wherein_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v only_o bind_v to_o such_o law_n as_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o no_o foreign_a legislative_a power_n but_o be_v not_o many_o thing_n here_o receive_v for_o law_n which_o be_v enact_v by_o a_o foreign_a authority_n as_o the_o papal_a and_o legatine_n constitution_n true_o say_v they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o authority_n but_o by_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o use_n and_o allowance_n of_o they_o and_o so_o they_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o the_o law_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n potentate_n or_o prelate_n but_o as_o the_o custom_a and_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n original_o establish_v as_o law_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n and_o no_o otherwise_o so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v a_o full_a and_o express_a declaration_n by_o parliament_n that_o such_o canon_n as_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o allow_v by_o ancient_a custom_n make_v a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n and_o continue_v to_o oblige_v provide_v that_o they_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n nor_o to_o the_o law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o another_o act_n of_o the_o same_o parliament_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n say_v my_o lord_n coke_n 344._o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o according_a to_o such_o law_n the_o ordinary_a and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n do_v proceed_v in_o cause_n within_o their_o conusance_n so_o that_o by_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o common_a law_n there_o be_v law_n ecclesiastical_a in_o force_n among_o we_o and_o cause_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o those_o law_n and_o officer_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o they_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o ordinance_n be_v own_v by_o the_o statute_n 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 20._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o 35_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o after_o the_o commission_n appoint_v for_o the_o review_n of_o they_o 1_o e._n 6._o c._n 2._o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o king_n authority_n and_o process_n to_o be_v issue_v out_o in_o his_o name_n in_o all_o suit_n and_o cause_n of_o instance_n between_o party_n and_o party_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v particular_o mention_v which_o belong_v to_o those_o court_n and_o no_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o they_o as_o to_o their_o power_n but_o only_o that_o the_o process_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n name_n but_o some_o person_n in_o our_o age_n who_o love_n to_o be_v always_o start_v difficulty_n to_o humour_v such_o as_o bear_v ill_o will_v to_o our_o constitution_n have_v 〈…〉_z although_o this_o act_n be_v 〈…〉_z m._n 2._o yet_o that_o repeal_n 〈…〉_z â—ac_fw-mi 25._o n._n 48._o therefore_o 〈…〉_z stat._n 1_o e._n 6._o be_v 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o plain_a and_o short_a answer_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o debate_n about_o the_o repeal_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o e._n 6._o after_o the_o first_o of_o q._n eliz._n because_o then_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 20._o be_v express_o revive_v wherein_o the_o bishop_n be_v impower_v to_o act_v as_o before_o they_o may_v have_v do_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o
any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o another_o place_n that_o the_o ancient_a canon_n law_n receive_v in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o such_o case_n 132._o in_o a_o three_o that_o a_o lawful_a canon_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 327._o as_o well_o as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o thing_n viz._n the_o power_n of_o make_v canon_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n this_o be_v found_v on_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o the_o word_n be_v that_o no_o canon_n constitution_n and_o ordinance_n provincial_a or_o synodal_n shall_v be_v make_v promulge_v and_o execute_v without_o the_o king_n be_v royal_a assent_n or_o licence_n canon_n so_o make_v and_o authorize_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v say_v by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n 327._o to_o be_v canon_n warrant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o such_o he_o affirm_v the_o canon_n of_o a._n d._n 1603._o to_o be_v but_o some_o have_v object_v that_o these_o be_v only_o negative_a word_n 10._o and_o be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n but_o a_o declaration_n of_o what_o the_o law_n be_v before_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n with_o far_o great_a judgement_n 323._o limit_n that_o expression_n that_o what_o be_v then_o pass_v be_v declaratory_a of_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o clause_n that_o no_o canon_n shall_v be_v in_o force_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o as_o to_o the_o make_n of_o new_a canon_n he_o only_o say_v that_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n be_v much_o limit_v because_o they_o must_v have_v licence_n to_o make_v they_o and_o the_o king_n be_v royal_a assent_n to_o allow_v they_o before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o he_o never_o imagine_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o be_v that_o no_o canon_n can_v be_v make_v but_o in_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o confirm_v new_a canon_n make_v by_o the_o convocation_n as_o to_o the_o law_n as_o it_o stand_v before_o we_o must_v distinguish_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o convocation_n call_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o assemble_v without_o it_o but_o the_o writ_n for_o the_o convocation_n to_o sit_v with_o the_o parliament_n not_o together_o in_o place_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o begin_v with_o the_o clause_n praemunientes_fw-la and_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o it_o begin_v on_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o the_o attendance_n of_o burgess_n do_v viz._n that_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n they_o ought_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o a._n r._n 39_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n complain_v 356._o that_o they_o be_v tax_v without_o their_o consent_n 2._o convocation_n call_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o in_o this_o province_n the_o archbishop_n send_v his_o mandate_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n who_o be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n etc._n etc._n to_o appear_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n and_o to_o act_v as_o they_o receive_v authority_n from_o the_o king_n the_o not_o distinguish_v these_o two_o writ_n have_v cause_v so_o much_o confusion_n in_o some_o man_n mind_n about_o the_o right_n of_o the_o convocation_n for_o they_o imagine_v that_o the_o convocation_n as_o it_o treat_v of_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o first_o writ_n which_o be_v in_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n but_o that_o relate_v to_o they_o as_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o consent_n be_v then_o require_v to_o their_o own_o subsidy_n which_o be_v distinct_o grant_v but_o confirm_v by_o the_o other_o estate_n but_o the_o other_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o archbishop_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v strict_o require_v to_o appear_v and_o then_o to_o understand_v the_o king_n further_a pleasure_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a writ_n for_o a_o convocation_n which_o show_v that_o the_o convocation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v a_o occasional_a assembly_n for_o such_o purpose_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v direct_v they_o when_o they_o meet_v and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a foundation_n upon_o which_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o be_v build_v for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o in_o fact_n there_o have_v be_v convocation_n for_o ecclesiastical_a purpose_n call_v without_o the_o king_n writ_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o archbishops_n legatine_n power_n which_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v exercise_v here_o although_o it_o be_v a_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v right_a so_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o although_o there_o be_v a_o convocation_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n yet_o cardinal_n wolsley_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o legatine_n power_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o archbishop_n removed_z the_o convocation_n to_o another_o place_n and_o preside_v in_o it_o which_o be_v as_o great_a a_o affront_n to_o the_o king_n be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o archbishops_n authority_n as_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v but_o this_o be_v then_o patient_o bear_v wherefore_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o legal_a and_o not_o of_o legatine_n convocation_n but_o when_o h._n 8._o be_v sufficient_o provoke_v by_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n he_o resolve_v to_o resume_v the_o ancient_a and_o legal_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n how_o soever_o disuse_v by_o modern_a usurpation_n and_o among_o these_o he_o claim_v this_o of_o summon_v the_o convocation_n and_o direct_v the_o proceed_n therein_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o writ_n will_v best_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o convocation_n a._n d._n 1640._o in_o the_o year_n 1639._o about_o the_o first_o of_o february_n the_o parliament_n writ_n be_v issue_v out_o to_o the_o bishop_n for_o call_v their_o clergy_n to_o parliament_n and_o this_o be_v only_o ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la contigerint_fw-la ordinari_fw-la the_o other_o write_v for_o the_o convocation_n to_o the_o archbishop_n be_v issue_v out_o the_o twenty_o of_o february_n and_o have_v this_o clause_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la &_o concludendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la clarius_fw-la exponentur_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la meâ_fw-la the_o parliament_n at_o that_o time_n be_v dissolve_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o convocation_n sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n must_v fall_v with_o it_o but_o a_o great_a question_n arise_v whether_o the_o convocation_n sit_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o archbishop_n be_v dissolve_v or_o not_o and_o the_o great_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o that_o time_n be_v of_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o but_o those_o be_v not_o time_n to_o venture_v upon_o such_o point_n when_o people_n be_v dispose_v to_o find_v fault_n as_o they_o do_v to_o purpose_v when_o the_o next_o parliament_n meet_v who_o make_v use_v of_o the_o sit_v of_o this_o convocation_n and_o the_o canon_n then_o pass_v as_o one_o of_o the_o popular_a theme_n to_o declaim_v upon_o against_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o inflame_v the_o nation_n against_o the_o whole_a order_n the_o great_a objection_n in_o point_n of_o law_n be_v that_o the_o commission_n have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o convocation_n sit_v in_o parliament-time_n which_o begin_v 13_o april_n 1640._o and_o the_o commission_n bear_v date_n april_n 15._o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v may_n 5._o and_o the_o 12_o of_o may_v a_o new_a commission_n be_v grant_v which_o make_v void_a that_o of_o the_o fifteen_o of_o april_n and_o so_o what_o be_v do_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o must_v be_v do_v out_o of_o parliament_n and_o so_o not_o in_o convocation_n according_a to_o 25_o h._n 8._o 19_o although_o these_o canon_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o thirty_o of_o june_n the_o same_o year_n after_o the_o king_n restoration_n a_o act_n of_o parliament_n pass_v for_o restore_a the_o bishop_n ordinary_a jurisdiction_n 12._o wherein_o a_o clause_n be_v add_v that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o confirm_v those_o canon_n of_o 1640._o but_o leave_v the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n as_o they_o stand_v 1639._o which_o act_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o king_n assent_n it_o void_v the_o former_a confirmation_n of_o they_o and_o so_o leave_v they_o without_o force_n but_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n by_o the_o act_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o lay_v not_o in_o this_o that_o
the_o convocation_n by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n can_v not_o sit_v but_o in_o parliament-time_n although_o that_o in_o all_o respect_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a time_n for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n tend_v that_o way_n in_o the_o statute_n but_o provincial_a council_n have_v be_v frequent_o hold_v here_o without_o any_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n and_o therein_o treat_v of_o matter_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o legatine_n power_n there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o the_o king_n to_o resume_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o so_o william_n i._o declare_v it_o in_o eadmerus_n 6._o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o provincial_a council_n without_o his_o authority_n but_o afterward_o we_o find_v hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z hold_v a_o provincial_a council_n against_o the_o king_n prohibition_n 806._o and_o several_a writ_n be_v send_v to_o they_o to_o prohibit_v their_o meddle_v 123._o in_o matter_n of_o state_n in_o prejudice_n to_o the_o crown_n 18_o h._n 3._o under_o penalty_n of_o the_o bishop_n forfeit_v their_o barony_n and_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n 35_o e._n 1._o 15_o e._n 2._o 6_o e._n 3._o which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tacit_n permission_n of_o these_o provincial_a council_n provide_v they_o do_v nothing_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o from_o such_o council_n come_v our_o provincial_a constitution_n which_o lyndwood_n have_v digest_v according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o canon-law_n and_o have_v therein_o show_v what_o part_n of_o the_o canon-law_n have_v any_o force_n here_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o papal_a or_o legatine_n power_n but_o by_o the_o general_n consent_v of_o the_o nation_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v among_o we_o but_o my_o business_n be_v not_o now_o with_o canon_n so_o receive_v but_o with_o canon_n make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o 19_o for_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o imagine_v those_o be_v only_o negative_a word_n for_o than_o they_o exclude_v the_o king_n power_n of_o call_v a_o convocation_n as_o well_o as_o confirm_v the_o act_n of_o it_o for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o call_v they_o together_o if_o be_v assemble_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n opinion_n that_o the_o canon_n make_v a._n d._n 1603._o be_v warrant_v by_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o grove_n and_o eliot_n 42._o 22_o carol._n 2._o that_o no_o canon_n can_v alter_v the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v say_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o these_o canon_n have_v be_v always_o allow_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n one_o of_o the_o judge_n say_v that_o the_o king_n and_o convocation_n can_v make_v canon_n to_o bind_v the_o laity_n but_o only_o the_o clergy_n but_o vaughan_n say_v that_o those_o canon_n be_v of_o force_n although_o never_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o no_o canon_n be_v and_o yet_o say_v he_o they_o be_v the_o law_n which_o bind_v and_o govern_v in_o ecclesiastic_a affair_n the_o convocation_n with_o the_o licence_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n may_v make_v canon_n for_o regulation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o that_o as_o well_o concern_v laic_n as_o ecclesiastic_n and_o so_o be_v lyndwood_n there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n in_o lyndwood_n time_n but_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n be_v think_v to_o bind_v all_o that_o be_v concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n which_o continue_v in_o force_n by_o custom_n and_o consent_n bind_v all_o the_o only_a question_n than_o be_v about_o make_v new_a canon_n and_o the_o power_n to_o make_v they_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o nation_n consent_v and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n in_o convocation_n and_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o moor_n 755._o for_o the_o judge_n declare_v the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o canon_n to_o be_v legal_a but_o they_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bird_n and_o smith_n f._n 783._o the_o chancellor_n and_o three_o chief_a judge_n declare_v that_o the_o canon_n make_v in_o convocation_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n without_o parliament_n do_v bind_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o proceed_v to_o show_v ii_o in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o canon_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v premise_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o such_o canon_n as_o be_v alter_v by_o law_n for_o all_o grant_n that_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o moral_a duty_n their_o force_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o there_o be_v some_o canon_n where_o the_o general_a disuse_n in_o matter_n of_o no_o great_a consequence_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o church_n or_o the_o right_n of_o other_o person_n may_v abate_v the_o force_n of_o the_o obligation_n especial_o when_o the_o disuse_n have_v be_v connive_v at_o and_o not_o bring_v into_o article_n of_o visitation_n as_o can._n 74._o about_o gown_n with_o stand_a collar_n and_o cloak_n with_o sleeve_n but_o the_o general_a reason_n continue_v in_o force_n viz._n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o decent_a and_o comely_a habit_n for_o the_o clergy_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v know_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o people_n and_o for_o this_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n be_v allege_v but_o here_o a_o very_a material_a question_n arise_v how_o far_o custom_n be_v allow_v to_o interpret_v and_o alter_v the_o force_n of_o canon_n make_v by_o a_o lawful_a authority_n for_o where_o a_o custom_n prevail_v against_o a_o stand_a rule_n it_o amount_v to_o this_o whether_o practice_n against_o law_n be_v to_o have_v more_o force_n than_o the_o law_n and_o how_o can_v there_o be_v a_o reasonable_a custom_n against_o a_o law_n build_v upon_o reasonable_a ground_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o custom_n have_v no_o power_n in_o this_o case_n than_o all_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n do_v still_o bind_v in_o conscience_n and_o so_o we_o must_v not_o kneel_v at_o our_o prayer_n on_o sunday_n nor_o between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o good_a reason_n at_o first_o and_o so_o many_o other_o canon_n which_o have_v long_o grow_v into_o a_o disuse_n so_o that_o if_o we_o do_v strict_o oblige_v person_n to_o observe_v all_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n make_v by_o lawful_a authority_n we_o run_v man_n into_o endless_a scruple_n and_o perplexity_n 13._o and_o gerson_n himself_o grant_v that_o many_o canon_n of_o general_a council_n have_v lose_v their_o force_n by_o disuse_n and_o that_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o now_o will_v be_v useless_a and_o impossible_a but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o mere_a disuse_n be_v sufficient_a what_o will_v become_v of_o any_o canon_n and_o constitution_n where_o person_n be_v refractory_a and_o disobedient_a this_o be_v a_o case_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v state_v and_o clear_v and_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v three_o sort_n of_o custom_n 1._o custom_n general_o obtain_v upon_o alter_v the_o reason_n of_o ancient_a canon_n 2._o custom_n allow_v upon_o the_o general_a inconveniency_n of_o modern_a canon_n 3._o custom_n take_v up_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o canon_n for_o they_o 1._o as_o to_o general_a custom_n against_o ancient_a canon_n where_o the_o reason_n be_v alter_v i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o any_o to_o set_v up_o those_o canon_n as_o still_o in_o force_n among_o we_o for_o this_o must_v create_v confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o those_o canon_n be_v design_v to_o prevent_v and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v certain_o supersede_n ancient_a canon_n wherein_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o religion_n be_v not_o immediate_o concern_v for_o we_o must_v have_v a_o care_n of_o set_v up_o ancient_a canon_n against_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o law_n which_o can_v be_v consistent_a with_o our_o national_a obligation_n nor_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n 2._o as_o to_o custom_n relate_v to_o modern_a canon_n if_o it_o have_v any_o force_n as_o to_o alter_v the_o obligation_n 1._o it_o must_v be_v general_a not_o take_v up_o by_o particular_a dissaffected_a person_n to_o our_o constitution_n for_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o man_n only_o show_v their_o wilful_a disobedience_n and_o contempt_n of_o authority_n and_o all_o casuist_n be_v agree_v that_o contempt_n of_o lawful_a authority_n be_v a_o wilful_a sin_n which_o suppose_v a_o wilful_a neglect_n upon_o
will_v be_v the_o diligent_a labour_n and_o the_o exemplary_a life_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o it_o but_o if_o man_n will_v not_o regard_v their_o own_o or_o the_o church_n interest_n in_o this_o matter_n if_o they_o will_v break_v their_o rule_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o dishonour_n god_n and_o the_o church_n and_o themselves_o by_o it_o than_o you_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_v to_o speak_v to_o which_o be_v ii_o what_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o we_o for_o the_o punish_a offender_n in_o our_o diocese_n by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n for_o this_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o our_o authority_n herein_o be_v not_o derive_v from_o any_o modern_a canon_n or_o constitution_n of_o this_o church_n although_o due_a regard_n ought_v to_o be_v show_v to_o they_o but_o from_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n ecclesiastical_a in_o this_o realm_n which_o still_o continue_v in_o force_n for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o common_a law_n with_o respect_n to_o civil_a right_n which_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o feudal_n constitution_n although_o in_o many_o thing_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o but_o upon_o ancient_a practice_n and_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n from_o age_n to_o age._n so_o i_o say_v there_o be_v a_o common_a law_n ecclesiastical_a which_o although_o in_o many_o thing_n it_o may_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o book_n yet_o it_o have_v not_o its_o force_n from_o any_o papal_a or_o legatine_n constitution_n but_o from_o the_o acceptance_n and_o practice_n of_o it_o in_o our_o church_n i_o can_v easy_o show_v if_o the_o time_n will_v permit_v that_o papal_a and_o legatine_n constitution_n be_v not_o receive_v here_o although_o direct_v hither_o that_o some_o provincial_a constitution_n never_o obtain_v the_o force_n of_o ecclesiastical_a law_n 632._o but_o my_o business_n be_v to_o show_v what_o do_v obtain_v and_o continue_v still_o to_o have_v the_o force_n of_o such_o ecclesiastical_a law_n among_o we_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o such_o canon_n constitution_n ordinance_n and_o synodal_n provincial_a be_v already_o make_v which_o be_v not_o contrariant_n nor_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n nor_o to_o the_o damage_n or_o hurt_v to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a shall_v now_o still_o be_v use_v and_o execute_v as_o they_o be_v afore_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v true_a a_o review_n be_v appoint_v but_o such_o difficulty_n be_v find_v in_o it_o as_o to_o the_o shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n here_o that_o nothing_o be_v ever_o legal_o establish_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o this_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n in_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o realm_n recognise_v no_o superior_a under_o god_n but_o the_o king_n have_v be_v and_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o any_o man_n law_n but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v devise_v make_a and_o observe_v within_o this_o realm_n for_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o other_o as_o by_o the_o sufferance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o people_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v take_v at_o their_o free_a liberty_n by_o their_o own_o consent_n to_o be_v use_v among_o they_o and_o have_v bind_v themselves_o by_o long_a use_n and_o custom_n to_o observance_n of_o the_o same_o not_o as_o to_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n potentate_n or_o prelate_n but_o as_o to_o the_o custom_n and_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n original_o establish_v as_o law_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n custom_n and_o none_o otherwise_o all_o that_o i_o have_v now_o to_o do_v be_v to_o show_v what_o authority_n the_o bishop_n have_v over_o the_o clergy_n by_o the_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o what_o censure_v they_o be_v liable_a to_o for_o some_o particular_a offence_n i._o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fitness_n of_o any_o clerk_n present_v to_o a_o benefice_n this_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n in_o these_o word_n 632._o and_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o person_n present_v belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n and_o in_o the_o examination_n he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o not_o a_o minister_n and_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o refuse_v the_o person_n present_v if_o he_o be_v not_o persona_fw-la idonea_fw-la but_o this_o be_v plain_a to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o articul_n cleri_fw-la in_o edw._n ii_o time_n de_fw-fr idoneitate_fw-la personae_fw-la praesentatae_fw-la ad_fw-la beneficium_fw-la ecclesiasticum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la examinatio_fw-la ad_fw-la judicem_fw-la ecclesiasticum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la est_fw-la hactenus_fw-la usitatum_fw-la &_o fiat_fw-la in_o futurum_fw-la by_o the_o provincial_a constitution_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o 71._o the_o bishop_n be_v require_v to_o admit_v the_o clerk_n who_o be_v present_v without_o opposition_n within_o two_o month_n dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la idoneus_fw-la sit_fw-la if_o he_o think_v he_o fit_a so_o much_o time_n be_v allow_v propter_fw-la examinationem_fw-la say_v lyndwood_n even_o when_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_n about_o right_n of_o patronage_n the_o main_a thing_n he_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v upon_o be_v his_o ability_n to_o discharge_v his_o pastoral_n duty_n as_o coke_n call_v it_o or_o as_o lyndwood_n say_v whether_o he_o be_v commendandus_fw-la scientia_fw-la &_o moribus_fw-la as_o to_o the_o former_a the_o bishop_n may_v judge_v himself_o but_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a he_o must_v take_v the_o testimonial_n of_o other_o and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v the_o clergy_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a in_o give_v they_o by_o look_v on_o it_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o conscience_n and_o not_o mere_o of_o civility_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o avoid_v the_o pester_v the_o church_n with_o scandalous_a and_o ignorant_a wretch_n if_o the_o bishop_n refuse_v to_o admit_v within_o the_o time_n which_o by_o the_o modern_a canon_n be_v limit_v to_o twenty_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o presentation_n deliver_v he_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o duplex_fw-la querela_fw-la in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 95._o and_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la at_o common_a law_n and_o then_o he_o must_v certify_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o refusal_n in_o specot_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o 15_o hen._n 7._o 7_o 8._o all_o the_o judge_n agree_v 57_o that_o the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o examination_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n give_v faith_n and_o credit_n to_o his_o judgement_n but_o because_o great_a inconvenience_n may_v otherwise_o happen_v the_o general_a allegation_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o he_o must_v certify_v special_o and_o direct_o and_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v and_o it_o be_v so_o resolve_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o all_o such_o as_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n of_o deprivation_n of_o a_o incumbent_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o refuse_v a_o presentee_n but_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n cleric_n more_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o constitution_n of_o othobon_n the_o bishop_n be_v require_v particular_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o life_n and_o conversation_n of_o he_o that_o be_v present_v and_o afterward_o that_o if_o a_o bishop_n admit_v another_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o fault_n for_o which_o he_o reject_v the_o former_a 63._o his_o institution_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a officii_fw-la by_o the_o canon_n law_n if_o a_o bishop_n malicious_o refuse_v to_o admit_v a_o fit_a person_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o provide_v another_o benefice_n for_o he_o but_o our_o ecclesiastical_a law_n much_o better_a put_v he_o upon_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o refusal_n but_o if_o the_o bishop_n do_v not_o examine_v he_o the_o canonist_n say_v it_o be_v a_o proof_n sufficient_a that_o he_o do_v it_o malitiosé_fw-fr malitiose_fw-la if_o a_o bishop_n once_o reject_v a_o man_n for_o insufficiency_n he_o can_v afterward_o accept_v or_o admit_v of_o he_o as_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n case_n if_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o presentation_n to_o a_o benefice_n 27._o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o bare_o to_o examine_v he_o as_o to_o life_n and_o ability_n but_o he_o must_v be_v satisfy_v that_o he_o be_v in_o order_n how_o can_v he_o be_v satisfy_v unless_o the_o other_o produce_v they_o how_o can_v he_o produce_v they_o when_o it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v lose_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n 39_o the_o canon_n be_v express_v that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v institute_v any_o to_o a_o benefice_n
be_v there_o say_v that_o all_o these_o new_a thing_n as_o saffron_n hemp_n woad_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o small_a tithe_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o material_a circumstance_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n of_o that_o and_o what_o proportion_n change_v small_a tithe_n into_o great_a but_o what_o if_o the_o endowment_n be_v so_o express_v that_o only_a tithe_n of_o corn_n and_o hay_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o parson_n then_o roll_n think_v all_o the_o rest_n fall_v to_o the_o vicar_n by_o construction_n of_o law_n 331._o by_o the_o word_n altarage_v it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_v 21_o eliz._n and_o after_o confirm_v in_o the_o case_n of_o wood_n and_o greenwood_n not_o mere_a oblation_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v but_o whatever_o custom_n have_v comprehend_v under_o it_o 244._o 135._o and_o i_o find_v in_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o altarage_n of_o cockerington_n by_o rob._n grosthead_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n not_o only_o oblation_n and_o obvention_n but_o the_o tithe_n of_o wool_n and_o lamb_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o 604_o ii_o the_o next_o discharge_v of_o tithe_n be_v by_o the_o privilege_n of_o particular_a order_n allow_v by_o our_o law_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o bull_n of_o pope_n make_v a_o legal_a discharge_n but_o in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o law_n allow_v they_o and_o my_o lord_n coke_n think_v it_o can_v be_v insist_v upon_o without_o danger_n of_o a_o praemunire_n 653._o for_o when_o the_o cistertian_n have_v procure_v new_a bull_n to_o enlarge_v their_o privilege_n as_o to_o their_o land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o farmer_n a_o law_n be_v pass_v against_o it_o 2_o h._n 4._o c._n 4._o which_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n show_v the_o novelty_n and_o mischief_n of_o it_o 41._o 511._o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o our_o great_a lawyer_n 578._o that_o the_o pope_n act_n in_o dissolve_v the_o body_n of_o the_o templar_n which_o be_v do_v 5_o e._n 2._o have_v no_o effect_n here_o till_o the_o 17_o e._n 2._o when_o the_o parliament_n give_v their_o land_n to_o the_o hospitaller_n 1325._o and_o that_o the_o pope_n can_v not_o by_o his_o bull_n dissolve_v a_o vicarage_n after_o they_o be_v make_v perpetual_a by_o the_o statute_n 222._o so_o that_o our_o own_o law_n be_v to_o govern_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o what_o order_n have_v exemption_n from_o tithe_n by_o our_o law_n at_o first_o most_o of_o the_o order_n of_o monk_n have_v it_o for_o land_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n this_o by_o hadrian_n iv._o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o cistertian_n templar_n and_o hospitaller_n which_o be_v own_v in_o the_o canon_n law_n by_o a_o decretal_a of_o alexander_n iii_o 10._o who_o declare_v it_o not_o to_o be_v intend_v for_o land_n let_v out_o to_o farm_n innocent_a iii_o restrain_v it_o to_o such_o land_n as_o they_o be_v then_o in_o possession_n of_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n make_v the_o grant_n to_o be_v from_o innocent_a iii_o 652._o in_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n 17_o john_n but_o he_o add_v that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o the_o land_n which_o they_o have_v before_o which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v do_v then_o but_o he_o say_v that_o this_o privilege_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o realm_n however_o that_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o lateran_n council_n make_v no_o restriction_n to_o the_o three_o order_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o the_o praemonstratense_n of_o who_o he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v discharge_v by_o a_o bull_n of_o innocent_a iii_o this_o point_n be_v dispute_v in_o the_o case_n of_o dickenson_n and_o greenhow_n â—56_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o bull_n but_o it_o be_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o receive_v here_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v say_v that_o their_o bull_n be_v confirm_v which_o do_v not_o appear_v nor_o that_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o case_n there_o be_v a_o bull_n extant_a in_o the_o collection_n of_o innocent_n epistle_n to_o exempt_v the_o praemonstratense_n from_o the_o tithe_n of_o land_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n but_o this_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o innocent_a iii_o sometime_o before_o the_o lateran_n council_n 331._o and_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o cistertian_n if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o be_v as_o general_o receive_v which_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o cistertian_n themselves_o there_o be_v considerable_a limitation_n of_o their_o privilege_n 1._o they_o must_v relate_v to_o land_n in_o their_o possession_n before_o the_o lateran_n council_n a._n d._n 1215._o 17_o of_o king_n john_n and_o in_o matter_n against_o common_a right_n the_o proof_n in_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v on_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o particular_a privilege_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o cistertian_n order_n have_v have_v many_o land_n in_o england_n since_o that_o time_n and_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v they_o out_o but_o suppose_v they_o be_v actual_o discharge_v at_o the_o dissolution_n and_o the_o proprietary_n be_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o the_o state_n they_o find_v they_o be_v not_o this_o a_o sufficient_a discharge_n yes_o if_o it_o be_v a_o legal_a discharge_n for_o the_o statute_n only_o put_v they_o into_o the_o same_o legal_a capacity_n they_o be_v in_o before_o but_o if_o they_o be_v land_n give_v since_o the_o lateran_n council_n they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v discharge_v by_o law_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o receive_v 2._o this_o privilege_n do_v not_o exclude_v ancient_a composition_n as_o to_o their_o demesn_a land_n for_o these_o privilege_n do_v not_o go_v down_o so_o easy_o but_o where_o there_o be_v rector_n able_a to_o contest_v it_o they_o bring_v even_o the_o cistertian_n to_o composition_n and_o the_o pope_n himself_o appoint_v commissioner_n here_o to_o compound_v the_o matter_n as_o between_o the_o monastery_n of_o pipewel_n and_o hugh_n patesbul_n rector_n of_o eltyndon_n which_o end_v in_o a_o composition_n of_o six_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o the_o tithe_n of_o their_o demesn_n and_o another_o between_o the_o vicar_n of_o dunchurch_n and_o the_o same_o monastery_n and_o between_o the_o rector_n of_o wynswick_n for_o the_o tithe_n of_o ten_o yard-land_n in_o colds-abbey_n all_o which_o i_o have_v peruse_v in_o the_o register_n of_o that_o monastery_n ms._n 3._o the_o privilege_n do_v not_o hold_v where_o the_o monastery_n be_v under_o value_n 47._o and_o come_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n 27_o h._n 8._o unless_o they_o be_v continue_v 420._o and_o come_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n 424._o 31_o h._n 8._o and_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o they_o continue_v separate_v for_o if_o their_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o great_a monastery_n they_o do_v not_o retain_v the_o privilege_n upon_o dissolution_n but_o there_o be_v a_o much_o hard_a point_n concern_v the_o hospitaller_n who_o have_v the_o land_n of_o the_o templar_n after_o 17_o e._n 2._o their_o land_n be_v not_o give_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o dissolution_n 31_o h._n 8._o but_o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 24._o and_o the_o clause_n of_o exemption_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o grant_n upon_o which_o a_o great_a question_n have_v rise_v whether_o their_o land_n be_v exempt_a or_o not_o and_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o they_o in_o the_o case_n of_o cornwallis_n 58._o or_o quarles_n and_o spurling_n 913._o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o whiston_n and_o weston_n 186_o it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n which_o the_o hospitaller_n have_v but_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o other_o land_n give_v to_o the_o king_n after_o that_o act_n have_v not_o those_o privilege_n as_o chantery_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v not_o regular_a ecclesiastical_a body_n 33._o which_o be_v a_o strange_a answer_n consider_v what_o sort_n of_o ecclesiastical_a body_n the_o hospitaller_n make_v 89._o when_o only_o the_o grand_a master_n and_o two_o chaplain_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v ecclesiastic_n 40_o and_o in_o foreign_a judicature_n they_o be_v deny_v to_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o clergy_n 12_o be_v only_o a_o order_n of_o knight_n under_o some_o particular_a regulation_n but_o suppose_v they_o capable_a of_o appropriation_n of_o tithe_n yet_o when_o the_o body_n be_v dissolve_v the_o appropriation_n fall_v of_o itself_o unless_o continue_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o those_o of_o the_o templar_n be_v to_o they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o monastery_n by_o 31_o h._n 8._o but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n to_o continue_v the_o appropriation_n it_o must_v be_v
nothing_o else_o but_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n pref._n my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hales_n say_v ms._n that_o the_o common_a usage_n custom_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a constituent_n of_o our_o law_n b._n coke_n quote_v bracton_n '_o be_v authority_n to_o prove_v that_o custom_n obtain_v among_o we_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o approve_v by_o long_a use._n and_o of_o every_o custom_n he_o say_v there_o be_v two_o essential_a part_n time_n and_o usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o continual_a and_o peaceable_a usage_n without_o interruption_n but_o in_o case_n of_o prescription_n or_o custom_n he_o say_v that_o a_o interruption_n of_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n hinder_v not_o the_o title_n b._n but_o a_o interruption_n in_o the_o right_n the_o other_o be_v only_o a_o actual_a suspension_n for_o a_o time_n it_o may_v be_v ask_v how_o time_n and_o usage_n come_v to_o make_v law_n since_o time_n have_v no_o operation_n in_o law_n 1_o say_v grotius_n not_o of_o itself_o as_o grotius_n there_o say_v but_o with_o the_o concurrence_n of_o other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v bracton_n say_v 3._o long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la and_o by_o a_o long_a and_o peaceable_a possession_n dominion_n be_v transfer_v without_o either_o title_n or_o delivery_n which_o he_o find_v on_o this_o good_a reason_n 1._o that_o all_o claim_n of_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v a_o certain_a limitation_n of_o time_n 40._o and_o length_n of_o time_n take_v away_o any_o proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n littleton_n say_v 170._o that_o time_n out_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v say_v to_o give_v right_o because_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v bring_v beyond_o it_o and_o this_o he_o call_v prescription_n at_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o prescription_n by_o the_o several_a statute_n of_o limitation_n but_o whence_o be_v it_o then_o that_o a_o immemorial_n possession_n give_v right_o be_v it_o from_o the_o mere_a silence_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v to_o claim_v it_o no_o silence_n give_v no_o consent_n where_o ignorance_n or_o fear_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o be_v it_o a_o punishment_n upon_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v so_o bracton_n say_v time_n do_v it_o per_fw-la patientiam_fw-la &_o negligentiam_fw-la very_fw-la domini_fw-la but_o mere_a neglect_n do_v not_o overthrow_v right_o unless_o there_o be_v a_o antecedent_n law_n to_o make_v that_o neglect_v a_o forfeiture_n be_v it_o from_o a_o presumptive_a dereliction_n but_o that_o suppose_v not_o bare_a continuance_n of_o time_n but_o some_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a act_n which_o imply_v a_o sort_n of_o consent_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n in_o those_o who_o think_v there_o be_v no_o presumptive_a dereliction_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o full_a consent_n for_o it_o may_v be_v where_o there_o be_v the_o consent_n of_o a_o mix_a will_n i.e._n partly_o voluntary_a and_o partly_o involuntary_a when_o the_o circumstance_n be_v such_o as_o the_o person_n rather_o choose_v to_o leave_v his_o right_n than_o submit_v to_o the_o lawful_a condition_n of_o enjoy_v it_o as_o if_o a_o man_n will_v rather_o quit_v his_o fee_n than_o perform_v the_o service_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v it_o from_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o some_o bound_n be_v fix_v to_o all_o claim_n of_o right_a because_o otherwise_o that_o man_n will_v be_v liable_a to_o perpetual_a disturbance_n if_o the_o right_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v claim_v beyond_o any_o possibility_n of_o proof_n or_o be_v it_o last_o that_o in_o such_o nation_n where_o immemorial_n custom_n obtain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n it_o seem_v agreeable_a to_o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n that_o a_o long_a continue_a possession_n shall_v carry_v right_o along_o with_o it_o and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n here_o in_o england_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v by_o what_o bracton_n have_v say_v prol._n but_o glanvil_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o law_n to_o consist_v of_o reasonable_a custom_n of_o long_a continuance_n and_o st._n german_a affirm_v ancient_a general_a custom_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a foundation_n of_o our_o law_n 7._o and_o that_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n to_o perform_v they_o and_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o observe_v what_o general_a custom_n he_o do_v instance_n in_o as_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o law_n the_o hundred_o court_n the_o sheriff_n turn_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o depend_v not_o upon_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n which_o he_o call_v the_o common_a law_n and_o among_o these_o ancient_a custom_n he_o reckon_v up_o right_n of_o descent_n escheat_n the_o different_a sort_n of_o tenor_n freehold_n and_o the_o law_n of_o property_n as_o they_o be_v receive_v among_o we_o we_o be_v now_o to_o inquire_v how_o far_o any_o of_o our_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o this_o foundation_n and_o upon_o immemorial_n custom_n general_o receive_v 1._o i_o place_n 1._o the_o distribution_n of_o this_o national_a church_n into_o two_o province_n in_o each_o whereof_o there_o be_v a_o archbishop_n with_o metropolitical_a power_n which_o lie_v chief_o in_o these_o thing_n 1._o the_o right_n of_o consecration_n of_o his_o suffragans_fw-la 2._o the_o right_n of_o visitation_n of_o every_o diocese_n in_o such_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o custom_n have_v settle_v it_o 3._o the_o right_n of_o receive_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n 4._o the_o right_n of_o preside_v in_o provincial_a council_n of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la of_o his_o province_n which_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o a_o year_n so_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o council_n under_o theodore_n 153._o a._n d._n 673._o but_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o time_n they_o be_v discontinue_v and_o so_o the_o authority_n of_o examine_v thing_n through_o the_o province_n come_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o devolution_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o his_o court_n 5._o the_o custody_n of_o vacant_a see_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n fall_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o custom_n or_o composition_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v upon_o solemn_a 322._o debate_n resolve_v in_o our_o court_n of_o common_a law_n 176._o coke_n think_v that_o of_o common_a right_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n 43._o but_o by_o custom_n to_o the_o archbishop_n 91._o but_o panormitan_n say_v olim_fw-la there_o be_v no_o pretence_n of_o common_a right_n for_o they_o till_o the_o time_n of_o boniface_n viii_o 2._o the_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o every_o bishop_n over_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o own_o diocese_n this_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n among_o we_o for_o no_o soon_o be_v church_n plant_v but_o there_o be_v bishop_n set_v over_o they_o who_o have_v from_o the_o beginning_n so_o much_o authority_n that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v either_o receive_v or_o quit_v his_o benefice_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o approbation_n and_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o behaviour_n at_o their_o visitation_n and_o in_o case_n of_o contempt_n or_o other_o misdemeamour_n they_o be_v to_o proceed_v against_o they_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n i_o do_v not_o say_v the_o diocese_n be_v at_o first_o all_o model_v alike_o or_o with_o the_o same_o bound_n which_o they_o now_o have_v which_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v consider_v the_o gradual_a conversion_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o at_o first_o there_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n except_o kent_n where_o be_v but_o one_o suffragan_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a for_o some_o time_n till_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v or_o the_o king_n consent_v to_o a_o increase_n of_o several_a diocese_n and_o unite_n they_o under_o one_o metropolitan_a which_o be_v a_o work_n of_o time_n but_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n but_o what_o be_v in_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o council_z cloveshoo_n can._n 1_o 4_o 5._o council_n cealchyth_n can._n 1._o egbert_n canon_n c._n 45_o 62._o the_o first_o who_o begin_v to_o seek_v for_o exemption_n be_v the_o abbot_n who_o be_v under_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n who_o be_v too_o near_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v under_o the_o pope_n immediate_a jurisdiction_n by_o charter_n of_o exemption_n which_o the_o great_a abbey_n either_o procure_v or_o make_v