and the Passage of Joshuah ought likewise to be understood of the whole Law To this may be added that in the other Books of the Old Testament they always consider the entire Pentateuch as the the Work of Moses In the first of Kings ch 2. v. 3. David speaking to Salomon tells him That the Ceremonies Precepts and Laws of the Jews were written in the Law of Moses Keep the Charge of the Lord thy God to walk in his Ways to keep his Statutes and Commandments and his Judgments and his Testimonies as it is written in the Law of Moses It is therefore believed that all the Pentateuch which contains these Ceremonies Precepts and Judgments was the Law of Moses All the Law is likewise attributed to Moses in the second Book of Kings ch 21 and 23. v. 8. v. 25. If they observe all the Law of Moses In the second Book of Chronicles ch 23. v. 18. To offer the Burnt-Offerings of the Law as it is written in the Law of Moses Is not Leviticus therefore Moses's Book That which is delivered in the 30th 31st and 35th Chapters of the same Book is taken out of Leviticus and Numbers are they not therefore the Books of Moses In the 25th Chapter Deuteronomy is cited as one of Moses's Books As it is written in the Law in the Book of Moses the Father shall not die for the Children Which Words are to be found in the 24th Chapter of Deuteronomy Leviticus quoted by Baruch ch 2. as a Book that was written by Moses As thou speakest by thy Servant Moses in the day when thou didst command him to write thy Law before the Children of Israel saying If ye will not hear c. Which words are in the 26th Chapter of Leviticus v. 14. In the second Book of Kings ch 22 and 23. as also in the second Book of Chronicles ch 34. it is said that Hilkiah found a Book of the Law of Moses's written perhaps with his own hand as these words seem to imitate Per manum Moysi This Book of the Law according to Josephus is all the Pentateuch according to others Deuteronomy However it is yet it follows from hence at least that Deuteronomy is his Now Deuteronomy supposes that the other Books of the Law were written because it is as it were an Abridgment and upon that acccount is called Deuteronomy or The Second Law In the ninth Chapter of Daniel it is said that the Curse which is written in the Book of Moses is fallen upon the Jews and in the tenth Verse the words of Deuteronomy and Exodus are particularly cited The Prophet Malachi ch 4. exhorts the Jews to remember the Law of Moses Raguel in the 7th Chapter of Tobit says He will give his Daughter in Marriage to Tobias to obey the Law of Moses The Law of Moses is frequently repeated in the Psalms the 77th 104th 105th 135th Psalms contain the History of the Israelites which is plainly taken out of the Pentateuch The Law of Moses is often cited in Ezrah Ez. 9. 10. 23. the Passages cited in these places are to be found in the Books of the Pentateuch In the 10th Chapter of Nehemiah v. 29. the Israelites oblige themselves by a new kind of an Oath to keep the Law and Precepts of Moses Now among these Precepts there are several that are taken out of the Books of the Pentateuch In the second Book of Maccabees ch 7. Eleazar saith I will not obey the King's Commandment but that of the Law which was given unto Our Fathers by Moses Lastly whatever is taken out of the Pentateuch in the New Testament is always cited under the name of the Law of Moses St. James in the 15th Chapter of the Acts says The Jews read Moses every Sabbath day in their Synagogues Moses of old time hath in every City them that Preach him being read in the Synagogues every Sabbath day And St. Paul in his Epistles says That the Jews did not understand Moses although they read him Usque in hodiernum diem cum legitur Moses Therefore they did not in the least doubt that the Pentateuch was written by Moses since they tell us that those who read that Book read Moses All these Passages make it very evident in the first place that Moses wrote the Law of the Jews Secondly That by the name of the Law we ought to understand the Pentateuch Thirdly That not only Deuteronomy but also all the other Books of the Pentateuch have been cited in Scripture for the Books and Law of Moses Fourthly That this has ever passed for a constant truth of which no body doubted Fifthly That they not only believed Moses to be the Author of the things contained in these Books but of the Books themselves so that when they read them one might say they read Moses as when we read the Aeneids we say we read Virgil. c By the Authority of Jesus Christ. In St. John ch 5. There is one one that accuseth you saith our Saviour even Moses in whom ye trust For had you believed Moses you would have believed me for he wrote of me 'T is plain therefore that Moses wrote and that he wrote those Books which the Jews read for his Now who doubts that these Books were the Pentateuch And indeed since our Saviour does always distinguish the Prophets from the Law of Moses by the Law he can mean only the Pentateuch In the first Chapter of St. John Philip saith to Nathaniel We have found him of whom Moses in the Law and the Prophets did write There are many other places where our Saviour cites the Books of the Pentateuch under the name of the Law and consequently we ought not to doubt that he has assured us that these Books were written by Moses St. Luke in the 24th Chapter of his Gospel saith That our Saviour beginning with Moses and continuing with the Prophets Expounded to his Disciples who were going to Emmaus the Things that were said concerning himself in the Scriptures Therefore Moses was the most ancient Author of the Jews and the Pentateuch was acknowledged to be written by him as they owned the Books of the Prophets to be written by the Prophets d The Consent of all Nations 'T is certain that not only the Jews were always of opinion that these Books were written by Moses but also that all People have considered Moses as the Author of the Law and Religion of the Jews 'T is the unanimous Consent of all Nations and all Men no one ever questioning the Truth of it before these last Ages Huetius maintains that all Religions have borrowed their Theology out of the Books of Moses whose History they have purposely altered and disguised to accommodate it the better to their Fables He pretends for Instance That Adonis of the Phaenicians that Mercury Osiris Serapis Anubis and the other Gods of the Aegyptians that Zoroaster of the Persians and the Divinities of the Western Nations that Cadmus Apollo Priapus
German BISHOP A Genuine Work The Life of S. Hâ—nnegonda A Nameless AUTHOR A Genuine Work The History of the Translation of the Body of S. Epiphanius Bishop of Pavia WOLSTAN Monk of Winchester Genuine Works The Life of S. Ethelwold A History in Verse of the Translation of S. Swithin's Body FRIDIGOD Monk of Corby Genuine Works The Lives of S. Wilfrid and S. Owen LANFRID Monk of Winchester Genuine Works The Life of S. Swithin An History of the Miracles upon the Translation of that Saint's Body OSBORN Chanter of the Church of Canterbury A Genuine Work The Life of S. Dunstan ALFRIC or AELFRIC Archbishop of Canterbury His Genuine Works still extant A Sermon Two Letters A Canonical Letter Works lost or yet in Manuscript Divers Sermons in the Saxon Tongue An History of the Jews and Christians till the taking of Jerusalem A Penitential A Letter about the Monastical Life A Letter against the Marriage of Clergy-men A Saxon Chronicle Certain Lives of the Saints Translations of some Works of the Fathers NICEPHORUS the Philosopher A Genuine Work Funeral Orations for Antony Patriarch of Constantinople MOSES BAR-CEPHA Bishop of Syria A Genuine Work A Treatise of the Terrestrial Paradise OTHLO Monk of Fulda A Genuine Work The Life of S. Pyrmin A Suppositious Work The Life of S. Boniface ODILO Abbot of Cluny Genuine Works still extant The Lives of S. Maiol and S. Adelaida Letters to S. Fulbert Three other Letters Fourteen Sermons HIPPOLYTUS THEBANUS Genuine Works A Fragment of a Chronicle The Lives of the Apostles LAURENTIUS Monk of Liege and afterward of S. Vito at Verdun A Genuine Work A Continuation of the History of the Bishops of Verdun A TABLE of the Acts Letters and Canons of the COUNCILS held in the Tenth Century Councils Years Acts Letters Petitions and Canons A Council at Rome 904 Acts divided into Twelve Capitularies A Council at Ravenna 904 Ten Capitularies A Council at Canterbury ib. Acts are lost An Assembly in England under King Edward 906 Laws A Council at Trosly Constantinople Trosly Coblentz Rheims 909 Acts divided into Fifteen Articles 920 Acts lost 921 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 922 Eight Canons of which only four remain 923 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard An Assembly in England under King Ethelstan 923 Laws A Council at Trosly Trosly Erfurdt Chateau-Thierry Fismes Soissons 924 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 927 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 932 A Preface and Five Canons 934 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 935 A Decree against Usurpers of Ecclesiast Revenues 941 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard An Ecclesiastic Assembly in England under K. Eâ—…und 944 Laws Ecclesiastical and Civil A Council at Constantinople Near the River Cher Verdun Mouzon Ingelheim Mouzon Trier or Treves London Rome Augsburg S. Thierry 944 Acts lost 947 Acts lost 947 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 948 An Eâ—…ract of the Acts in the same Author 948 Acts and Ten Canons 948 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 948 Acts in Flodoard 948 Laws lost The Charter of a Donation to the Monastery of Croyland 449 Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 952 Eleven Canons 953 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard A Council held in the Diocess of Meaux 961 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard and in Hugh de Flavigny A Council at Rome 963 Acts. A Council at Rome 964 Acts. A Council at Rome 964 A Dec. about Investitures Acts lost A spurious Decree A Council at Ravenna 967 Acts and Let. of the Pope An Assemb in Engl. under K. Edgar S. Dunstan 967 Laws and Constitutions A Council at Constantinople under Nicephorus Phocas 967 Acts lost A Council at Mount S. Mary 972 Acts. A Coâ—nc at Ingelheim 970 An Extract of the Acts in the Life of S. Ulric A general Council in England 973 Acts. A Council at Canterbury under S. Dunstan Rheims Winchester Charroux Rheims Senlis Rheims Rheims Rome Mouzon Rheims St. Dennis Ravenna Rome Poitiers Rome Aix-la-Chapelle 974 An Extract of the Acts in S. Dunstan's Life 975 An Extract of the Acts in Flodoard 975 Acts. 989 Three Canons 989 Acts. 989 Acts. 992 Acts and Discourses of Arnoul of Orleans digested by Gerbert 993 An Admonition of the Bishops Gerbert's Letter 995 An Act for the Canonization of S. Ulric 995 Acts. 995 An Extract â—f the Acts in Aimoin's Appendix 995 An Extract of the Acts in Aimoin 997 Three Canons 998 Eight Canons or Constitutions 999 Three Canons 1002 Acts lost 1003 Acts lost A TABLE of the WORKS of the Ecclesiastical Authors of the Tenth Age of the Church disposed according to the Subjects they treat of Dogmatical Works A Dissertation against the Anthropomorphites by Ratherius Nico's Tract concerning the Religion of the Armenians Ratherius's Treatise of the Eucharist Heriger Abbot of Lobes's Treatise on the same subject A Sermon and two Letters on the Eucharist by Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury Moses Bar-Cephas's Treatise of the Terrestrial Paradise Books of Church-Discipline Pope Stephen the Fifth's Letters referr'd to Flodoard Certain Letters by Pope Formosus Fulcus Archbishop of Rheims's Letters Ecclesiastical Constitutions by Gauterius Archbishop of Sens. Hervaeus Archbishop of Rheims's Letter to Guy Arch-bishop of Rouen Letters written by Pope John IX Hatto and Theotmar's Letters to Pope John IX Pope Benedict the Fourth's Letters Pope John the Tenth's Letters Edward King of Englands Laws in 906. King Ethelstan's Laws in 923. Letters by Nicolas Patriarch of Constantinople to the Popes Pope Leo the Seventh's Letters Pope Agapetus the Second's Letters Ratherius Bishop of Verona's Book of Perpendiculars His deliberative Conclusion made at Liege His Writings about the Contest between him and his Clergy His Apologetical Treatise Discourse to the Clergy of Verona His Character and Synodal Ordinance His Five Letters His Synodal Letter His Itinerary to Rome His Six Sermons Odo Archbishop of Canterbury's Ecclesiastical Constitutions and Pastoral Letter Atto Bishop of Verceil's Capitulary His Treatise of Persecutions raised against the Clergy His Eleven Letters His two Letters to Pope John XII Edgar King of England his Laws His Discourse of S. Dunstan Abbo Abbot of Fleury's Apology His two Letters His Collection of Canons Pope John the Thirteenth's Letters Pope Benedict the Seventh's Letters S. Dunstan's Letter to Wulfin Bishop of Worcester Pope Gregory the Fifth's four Letters Pope Sylvester the Second's Discourse of the Episcopal Functions Mancion Bishop of Châlons's Letter to Fulcus Arch-bishop of Rheims Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury's Canonical Letter Historical Works Pope Stephen the Fifth's Letters referr'd to Flodoard Pope Formosus's Letters produc'd by the same Author Letters written by Fulcus Archbishop of Rheims Notger the Stammerer's History of Charlemagne Pope John IX and Benedict IV's several Letters Pope John the Tenth's Letters Charles the Simple King of France his Letter to the Bishops of that Kingdom and to Pope John X. about the Affair of Hilduin's being intruded upon the Bishoprick of Liege A Fragment
Stability of the Monastick Life Two Dialogues concerning Religion A Relation of certain Miracles Divers Works printed among those of other Authors THIERRY Abbot of St. Trudo Genuine Works still in our Possession The Lives of St. Bavo St. Trudo St. Rumoldus and St. Landrada Works lost The Life of St. Benedict An Account of the Translation of his Body The Life of St. Amelberga The Histories of the Old and New Testament in Verse PETER Chartophylax or Keeper of the Records of the Church of Constantinople Genuine Pieceâ— that we have Answers to certain Cases relating to Church-Discipline INGULPHUS Abbot of Croyland A Genuine Work An History of the Abbey of Croyland GEORGIUS CEDRENUS a Greek Monk A Genuine Piece His Annals or Epitome of History from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1057. ROSCELIN a Clerk of the Church of Compiegne A Piece that is lost A Treatise of the Holy Trinity PAUL Provost of Benrieden Genuine Works An History of the Actions of Pope Gregory VII The Life of St. Herlucia CONRAD Monk of Bruvilliers A Genuine Piece The Life of St. Wolphelin Abbot of Bruvilliers GEFFRY de MALTERRE a Monk of Normandy A Genuine Work still extant An History of the Conquests of the Normans BERTULPHUS or BERNULPHUS a Priest of Constance His Genuine Works A Continuation of Hermannus Contractus's Chronicle Some other small Tracts WILLIAM of Apulia A Genuine Piece A Poem on the Conquests of the Normans NALGOD a Monk of Cluny Genuine Works The Lives of St. Odo and St. Mayol OTHLO Monk of St. Boniface A Genuine Piece The Life of St. Boniface GREGORY Cardinal A Manuscript Work A Collection of Canons call'd Polycarp PETER de HONESTIS a Clerk of Ravenna A Genuine Piece still extant A Constitution for Canons THIBAUD or THEOBALD a Clerk of the Church of Etampes A Genuine Piece A Letter to Roscelin inserted in the Third Tome of the Spicilegium by Father Luke Dachery EADMER a Monk of Canterbury and the Pupil of St. Anselm Genuine Works The Life of St. Anselm An History of Novelties divided into 6 Books A Treatise of the Excellency of the Virgin Mary Another of her Cardinal Virtues A Discourse on Blessedness A Collection of Similitudes taken out of Saint Anselm's Works Manuscript Works A Treatise of Ecclesiastical Liberty The Lives of St. Wilfrid and St. Dunstan Divers Letters GISLEBERT or GILBERT a Monk of Westminster A Dialogue about Religion between a Christian and a Jew BERNARD a Monk of Cluny A Manuscript Work Customs of the Order of Cluny BERNARD a Clerk of the Church of Utrecht A Work that is lost A Commentary on the Eclogues of Theodulus ADAM Abbot of Perseme Genuine Pieces still extant Letters publish'd by M. Baluzius Works lost Sermons and Commentaries on the Holy Scripture ALBERT a Benedictin Monk of Mets. A Piece that is lost An History of his Time ERARD a Benedictin Monk Works lost A Commentary on the Pentateuch Divers Homilies BERTHORIUS Abbot of Mount Cassin Works lost Several Treatises of Philosophy and Physick A Discourse to his Monks GONTHIER or GONTHERIUS a Monk of St. Amand. A Work that is lost A Relation of the Martyrdom of St. Cyricius in Verse ANASTASIUS a Monk of St. Sergius at Anger 's A Genuine Piece still extant A Confession of Faith BAUDRY Bishop of Dol. A Genuine Piece The Epitaph of Berenger GAUNILON an English Monk A Genuine Work A Treatise of the Demonstration of the Existence of God NICETAS SERRON Archbishop of Heraclea Genuine Works A Commentary on St. Gregory Nazianzen's Homilies A Commentary on the Poems of the same Saint A Supposititious Work A Catena on the Book of Job SAMUEL of Morocco a Converted Jew A Genuine Piece A Treatise to shew that the Messiah is come ALGER a Deacon of Liege and afterwards Monk of Cluny His Genuine Works still extant Three Books of the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of JESUS CHRIST A Preface to his Treatise of Mercy and Justice A Manuscript Work A Treatise of Mercy and Justice Works lost An History of Liege Divers Letters NICOLAS Bishop of Methone A Genuine Piece A Treatise of the Eucharist Manuscript Works Several Treatises of the Procession of the Holy Ghost against the Latins SAMONAS Archbishop of Gaza A Genuine Piece A Dialogue between a Christian and a Saracen about the Eucharist A TABLE of the Acts Letters and Canons of the COUNCILS held in the Eleventh Century Councils Years Acts Letters Petitions and Councils A Council at Compiegne 1000 Mention made of that Council in the first Letter of Pope Sylvester II. A Council at Dortmund 1005 Mention made of that Council by Dithmar A Council at Francfurt 10â—6 Acts. A Council at Eenham in England 1010 Acts containing divers Constitutions A Council at Leon 1012 Seven Canons and forty Constitutions An Assembly in England 1012 King Ethelred's Laws A Council held at Pavia Orleans Selingenstadt Arras Bourges Limoges 1014 1024 A Discourse against the Incontinence of Clergy men Eight Decrees against Clerks who keep Concubines The Emperor's Edict for the Confirmation of those Decrees 1017 The History of that Council 1023 Twenty Canons and a Form for the holding of Synods 1025 Acts with the Letter of Gerard Bishop of Cambray and Arras 1031 XX Canons A Declaration that Saint Martial should bear the Name of an Apostle 1031 Acts. An Assembly in England 1032 King Canui's Laws Councils held in divers Provinces of France 1040 Mention made of those Councils by the Contemporary Authors Councils at Rome 1046 Mention'd by the Contempory Authors A Council held at Rome against Simony Rome Pavia Mentz Rome against Berenger Brione Verceil Paris 1047 Mention made of it by Peter Damian 1049 Mention'd by Peter Damian and Hermannus Contractus 1049. Mention made of that Council by Hermannus Contractus 1049 Referr'd to by Hermannus Contractus and Adam of Bremen 1050 The History of that Council referr'd to by Lanfranc 1050 The History of it cited by Durandus Abbot of Troarn 1050 The History of it referr'd to by Lanfranc Letters by Ascelin and Berenger concerning that Council 1050 The History of it by Durand Abbot of Troarn A Council held at Coyaco Rouen Siponto Rome Mantua Rome Narbonne Florence Lyons Tours Lisieux Toulouse Rome Rome Melfi Benevento Tours Rome Rouen Challon Mantua Rome Another Council at Rome in the same year Elna Mentz Windsor Mentz Winchester Rouen Erfurdt 1050 XIII Canons 1050 A Letter containing 19 Rules 1050 Mention'd in the Life of Pope Leo IX by Guibert 1051 Mention made of that Council by Peter Damian and Herminnus Contractus 1052 Mention'd in the Life of Pope Leo IX by Guibert 1053 Referr'd to by Herminnus Contractus and in a Letter by Pope Leo IX 1054 An Ecclesiastical Constitution 1055 The History of that Council by Leo of Ostia 1055 Acts. 1055 The History of that Council referr'd to by Guirmond and Lanfranc 1055 The History of that Council 1056 XIII Canons 1057 Mention'd in a Letter by Pope Stephen IX 1059 Berenger's
Oppression of the Poor Wherefore Constantine says wisely in this Edict That it was just the Rich should maintain the heavy Expences of the State and that the Poor should be fed with the Riches of the Church We have this Law in the Theodosian Code B. XVI Tit. 2. l. 6. Besides this there is also another Edict publish'd in the Month of July in consequence of the former altho' it bears the Names of the Consuls for the Year 320 which forbids the disturbing of those that had taken Holy Orders before the preceeding Law was publish'd and commands at the same time that such as had taken Orders since its publication on purpose to avoid the publick Taxes should be remov'd from the Clergy and sent back into the World and left liable to publick Taxes This Edict is related in the same place B. III. After all by another Edict of the first of September the same Year 326 it is ordain'd That Clergy-men who were Hereticks and Schismaticks should not enjoy this Privilege of Exemption but should be subject to Taxes and Impositions This Edict is in the Justinian Code B. I. Tit. de Heret and in the Theodosian He treats the Novatians with more moderation than the other Hereticks permitting them by an Edict of the Month of September in the same Year 326 to keep their Churches their Coemeteries and the Goods which they had purchas'd after their Separation from the Church In the Code of Theodosius Tit. 5. B. II. In the Year 330 he publish'd an Edict against the Hereticks in which he forbids their Assemblies It is related in Euseb. B. III. of the Life of Constantine Ch. 63 c. There is in the Theodosian Code another Edict of the same Year in favour of the Clergy that were accus'd or evil treated by Hereticks The Laws concerning the Jews are the last which Constantine made in the favour of the Christian Religion By an Edict September 27th 330 He grants to the Patriarchs of the Jews i. e. to those that presided in their Assemblies Exemption from the publick Taxes He renews the same favour by another Edict December 1st in the Year following It is probable that he granted these favours to the Jews for no other reason but because they Worship the same God with the Christians and to leave them some kind of Consolation as he says in one of his Laws because their's was once the only true Religion For at the same time he made very severe Laws against the Jews that should purchase or detain Christian Slaves and condemn'd those to death that circumcis'd them There are many other Laws in the Theodosian Code upon this Subject of the Years 330 331 and 336. I do not place among the Number of Constantine's Edicts the Donation which bears his Name in which he is suppos'd to give to the Bishop of Rome and his Successors the Soveraignty of the City of Rome and of the Provinces of the Western Empire because this Act has so many signs of Forgery that 't is impossible it can be attributed to Constantine I shall here subjoin some of those Reasons which clearly prove that it is an Impostor 1. Not one of the Ancients mentions this pretended Liberality of Constantine to the Church But who can believe that Eusebius and all the other Ancient Historians who have exactly describ'd all the Benefits of this Emperour to Christians and especially to the Bishops should pass over in silence one so considerable as this of the Western Empire to the Bishop of Rome 2. Not one of the Popes who mention the Benefits of Kings and Emperours to the See of Rome or who dâ—â—â—nd their Temporal Patriâ—ony did ever alledge this pretended Donation tho' it had been very much for their Advantage so to do 3. The Date of this Act is false for it bears the Names of the Consuls Constantine for the fourth time and Gallicaâ—â—s Now Constantine in his fourth Consulship had not Gallicaâ—â—s but Licinius for his Collegue And this Consulship answers to the Year 315 at which time Constantine was not baptiz'd even in the Opinion of those that believe he was baptiz'd at Rome by St. Sylvester and yet mention is made of his Baptism in this Edict of Donation We must add to this Argument another Error in Chronology Byzantium is there call'd Constantinople tho' it had not that Name till Ten Years or thereabouts after the Date of this Edict 4. The Stile of it is barbarous and very different from that of the Genuine Edicts of Constantine It is full of new Modes of speaking the Expressions are affected and the Terms such as were never us'd in any publick Acts till after the time of Constantine 5. Who can believe that Constantine should give the City of Rome all the Provinces and Cities of the West that is to say one half of his Empire to the Bishop of Rome and that this should never be known till the Eleventh Age of the Church 6. There are infinite Numbers of Falsities and Absurdities in this Edict which demonstrate that it was compos'd by an ignorant Impostor take some of them as follows In it the Pope is permitted to wear a Crown of Gold like that of Kings and Emperours whereas in those times Kings and Emperours did not wear a Crown at all but a Diadem The Fabulous History of Constantine's Baptism by Sylvester and the miraculous Cure of his Leprosy is reported there as a thing Certain There are reckon'd up in this Edict five Patriarchal Churches and that of Constantinople is put in the second place whereas it had not this Honour till a long time after And yet it is suppos'd That Sylvester had already acknowledg'd it for a Patriarchal See These Falfities and many others that occur in this Edict do plainly prove That it is a Forgery In short to destroy entirely this pretended Edict it is sufficient to observe That while Constantine liv'd and a long time after his Death the City of Rome and the Empire of the West were always subject to the Power of the Emperours That the Popes themselves acknowledg'd them as their Sovereigns without pretending that the City of Rome or Italy or any part of the Western Empire belong'd to them That all the Temporal Power they have obtain'd since is owing to King Pepin and the Emperour Charlemaigne The Account of this deserves a little Digression which will not be tedious to the Reader and will not carry us too far from our present Subject 'T is certain that the City of Rome Italy and all the other Provinces of the Western Empire were under the Power of Constantine and the Emperours that succeeded him History informs us That they were absolute Masters of it That they sent Governours thither That the City of Rome depended upon their Laws upon their Power and the Magistrates whom they should appoint That they made such Changes there as they pleas'd In a word That they were no less Masters of it than of all the
seen in Facundus Ch. 3. of his 4th Book But in the following Ages Men did not give so favourable a Judgment of this Man's Doctrine for he was accus'd of Teaching in his Writings the Errors of Nestorius as they were afterwards call'd It may be for this Reason that none of his Works are preserv'd We have nothing but a very considerable Extract out of his Treatise of Destiny produced by Photius in Volume 223 of his Bibliotheca and the Argument of another Trearise of the Holy Spirit produced by the same Person in Volume 102. Theodoret also in his Commentaries upon Genesis Quest. 20. p. 22. and Quest. 21. p. 25. produces two other Fragments of this our Diodorus St. Basil in Letter 167 speaks of Two Books of this Author's writing against the Hereticks whereof the Second was compos'd by way of Dialogue St. Jerom mentions his Commentary upon St. Paul Socrates and Sozomen assure us that he made Commentaries upon almost all the Books of the Bible Leontius in his Third Book quotes a Book of this Author written against the Sunousiasts that is against the Apollinarists Suidas has given us a Catalogue of his Works taken out of Theodorus which is as follows An Explication of all the Old Testament of Genesis Exodus and upon the Psalms and upon the Four Books of Kings upon the Chronicles upon the Proverbs a Treatise of the Difference between Allegory and Contemplation a Commentary upon Ecclesiastes upon Canticles upon the Prophets a Chronicle wherein he has corrected some Faults of Eusebius Commentaries upon the Four Gospels upon the Acts upon the Epistle of St. John a Treatise to prove that there is but One God in the Trinity a Book against the Melchisedecians a Treatise against the Jews concerning the Resurrection of the Dead one of the Soul against several Errours a Treatise of Destiny against the Astrologers where he speaks of the Globe of the World and of Providence and a Treatise wherein he proves that Invisible things were made at the same time with the Elements tho' they were not made of them a Tract to Euphronius by way of Question and Answer against Aristotle's System He says nothing in this Catalogue of the Book of the Trinity nor of the Treatise against the Apollinarists The Treatise of Distiny was divided into Eight Books and 53 Chapters There he refutes all the Follies of Judicial Astrology and shows that the World had a Beginning and was Created that Man was endow'd with Free-will that God was not the Author of Evil and that the World is govern'd by Divine Providence Photius makes a particular enumeration of the Subject of each Chapter in this Work wherein he produces some part of his Reasonings He had reason to ridicule the Proposition which this Author had advanc'd That the Heaven was not round supposing that if it were so the Astrologers would have some good Ground for their Opinion of Fatality For as he observes the Figure of the Heaven has nothing in the World to do with this Question Photius observes that the Stile of this Author is pure and clear but St. Jerom says that it is not lofty and that he could never reach the Eloquence of Eusebius Emisenus tho' he endeavour'd to imitate it because he was not skill'd enough in humane Learning Facundus who quotes this Passage of St. Jerom says only Eusebius without adding Emisenus Now if one should thus read the Text of St. Jerom it would be more convenient to understand the Writings of Eusebius of Caesarea whom Diodorus rather imitated than those of the Bishop of Emesa because the Works of Diodorus have no great relation to his Books whereas they had a great affinity to those of Eusebius of Caesarea either for the Matters which he treated of or for the Manner or Stile wherein he treated of them For the Extracts which Photius has produced out of his Treatise of Destiny are very like to some Books of the Evangelical Preparation or Demonstration of Eusebius of Caesarea The Judgment which St. Basil has given of this Author's Stile may be seen in Letter 167 of which we have given an Abridgement in St. Basil's Life As to what concerns his Doctrine of the Incarnation we could better judge of it if we had his Books but there is no great probability that one who was prais'd esteem'd and cherish'd by Meletius St. Basil St. Gregory Nazianzen St. Epiphanius and even by St. Athanasius and his Successors Peter and Timothy of Alexandria who was also consider'd in a General Council as one of the most Learned and most Orthodox Bishops of all the East and in short who was Master to St. Chrysostom should be guilty of so gross an Errour as that of Nestorius 'T is true that he had for his Scholar Theodorus of Mopsuestia and that he was Accus'd of the same Errour with Nestorius and that he was Condemn'd as Convicted of this Errour after his death in the 5th Council But besides that there have been some Persons who have undertaken to justify him Yet if it should be granted that he was guilty of this Errour it would not follow that he learn'd it of his Master since we dayly see Heretical Disciples who have had Orthodox Masters Should not the Faith of St. Chrysostom rather serve to justify Diodorus than the Errour of Theodorus to condemn him HILARY the Deacon HILARY of Sardinia Deacon of the Church of Rome was deputed by Pope Liberius together with Lucifer Bishop of Calaris and the Priest Pancratius to go to the Emperour Constantius Hilary the Deacon after the Synod of Arles in the Year 353. He was banish'd after the Council of Milan and afterwards he join'd with Lucifer's Party whereof he was one of the most zealous Defenders 'T is this Hilary who is call'd in St. Jerom's Dialogue against the Luciferians The Deucalion of the World because he would Regenerate and Renew by a Second Baptism those that had been baptiz'd by Hereticks Tho' there has been no Book printed under the Name of this Hilary yet the Learned have attributed to him the Commentary upon the Epistles of St. Paul which bears the Name of St. Ambrose and the Questions upon the Old and New Testament which are at the end of the 4th Tome of St. Austin These are the Reasons which have mov'd them to attribute to him the Commentary upon St. Paul's Epistles First St. Austin in Ch. 4. of the 4th B. to Boniface cites under the Name of St. Hilary an Explication of this Passage of St. Paul 'T was from him that all Men sinn'd which is taken Word for Word out of this Commentary Now this Hilary whom St. Austin quotes could neither be Hilary of Syracuse nor St. Hilary of Arles since they were after St. Austin No more can it be said that the Author of these Commentaries was Hilary of Poictiers because the Stile and the Version which he makes use of are no ways like to the Stile and Version of these Commentaries
the Fifth in his order is the last there the Sixth is the last but one and the Book concerning Fasting is immediately after that dedicated to Nicolas the Monk That against the Melchisedechians is lost This Author attributeth much to the Faith and Grace of Jesus Christ and very little to the good Works and free Actions of Men differing therein from most of the Ascetical Writers He likewise ascribeth much to the vertue and efficacy of Baptism and pretends that it delivers us not only from Death but also from Lust and puts us in a condition of doing either good or evil So that they who have received Baptism are as free either to good or evil as the first Man was His Opinion is That a perfect Christian is free from Temptations and from Passions and maintains that many of the Gospel-admonitions have the nature of Precepts An ordinary excess of spiritual Men. In short it cannot be denied that among many true Maxims there may be some stretched and contrary to Truth and right Reason which is but too common in the most part of Books of a Spiritual Life both Ancient and Modern The Original Greek of these Homilies is not only among the MSS. of the King's Library and in some others as Oudin hath observed but also in the First Volume of the Greek and Latin Bibliotheca Patrum Printed at Paris 1624. I say nothing of another Mark a Deacon of Gaza in Palaestine who is reckoned to be the Author of the Acts of S. Porphyrius of Gaza related by Metaphrastes and by Surius because I resolved not to ingage in writing any Account of the Acts of the Martyrs being unwilling to lanch into a Sea where it is difficult to avoid being often Shipwrackt SIMPLICIANUS Bishop of Milan SIMPLICIANUS Bishop of Milan Successor to S. Ambrose exhorted S. Austin by his Letters to exercise his Parts and apply himself to expound the Holy Scripture So that he may be said to Simplicianus Bishop of Milan have been to S. Austin what Ambrose was to Origen We have several Expositions of hard places of Scripture which S. Austin dedicated to him He also wrote a Letter wherein he asked Questions as if he had been to learn and yet instructed by his questioning This is what Gennadius observes of this Author S. Ambrose writ several Letters to him and we have two Letters of S. Austin wherein he answered several Questions of Simplicianus concerning some obscure Passages of the Holy Scripture This Bishop held the See of Milan but a little while for he died towards the latter end of the Year 400 or in the beginning of the Year 401. VIGILIUS of Trent THere were several of this Name a THere were several of this Name This is the ancientest There was another of Africa who writ upon the Revelations mention'd by Cassiodorus in the 9th Chap. of his Institutions Gennadius Chap. 51. speaketh of a Deacon called Vigilius who wrote a Rule for the Monks Vigilius Bishop of Tapsus in Africa famous for his Writings against Nestorius and Eutyches is a different Person from all these There was one Vigilius the Seventh Bishop of Brescia after Philastrius One Vigilius a Bishop subscribed in the Council of Agatha or Agde But these Names cannot be taken one for the other without mistaking the Chronology and History He that we speak of is the Bishop of Trent b Bishop of Trent It is certain that Vigilius Bishop of Trent lived at the latter end of the 4th Century because the 24th Letter of S. Ambrose is directed to him Usuardus saith that he suffered Martyrdom under the Consulate of Stilichon who was Consul in 400 and 405. There is more probability that it was in 400 because in that very Year Sifinnius suffered Martyrdom who suffered Martyrdom under the Consulship of Stilichon in the Year 400 or 405 of Jesus Vigilius of Trent Christ to whom S. Ambrose wrote a Letter which is the 24th amongst his Letters Gennadius affirmeth that this Vigilius Bishop of Trent wrote a Letter or small Book in commendation of Martyrs dedicated to Simplicianus which contained the Acts of those who suffered Martyrdom in his time by the Cruelty of the Barbarians Surius mentions this Letter May 23. And it is believed that that Simplicianus to whom it is dedicated is the Successor of S. Ambrose in the Church of Milan c 'T is believ'd that that Simplicianus to whom it is dedicated is the Successor to S. Ambrose in the Church of Milan This Conjecture of Miraeus is indeed probable this Letter is directed to one Simplicianus a Bishop He of Milan lived at that time and Paulinus observes in the Life of S. Ambrose that the Reliques of Sisinnius were sent to Milan It is true that Gennadius having spoken of Simplicianus as of an Author and Bishop known to him and then speaking of Vigilius his Letter he doth not say that it was directed to him but only ad quemdam Simplicianum to one Simplician which makes it doubtfull Whether it was to the Bishop of Milan that this Letter was directed But perhaps Gennadius did not think upon it However Vigilius Bishop of Trent both lived and wrote at the same time that Simplicianus was Bishop of Milan There he gives an Account of the Martyrdom of Sisinnius and his Companions PRUDENTIUS QUintus Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was born in Saragossa a City of Spain in the Year 348 a IN the Year 348. He saith in the Preface to the Cathemerinon that he was born under the Consulship of Salia for so we are to read and understand that Place Oblitum veteris me Saliae Consulis arguens Sub quo prima dies mihi Most Authors understood not the meaning of it as Aldus Sixtus Senensis Possevinus and even Labbée who believed that he was Consul in a City called Messalia which is thought by Labbée to be Marseilles That 's a mistake They took the Name of the Consul Salia who was Consul with Philippus in the Year 348 for the Name of a Town and so they ascribed to Prudentius the Consular Dignity that belonged to Salia under whose Consulship Prudentius came into the World In the same place he says that he was 57 Years old when he began to write which shews that it was in the Year 405. and being called to the Bar was afterwards made a Judge in two considerable Prudentius Towns and then promoted by Honorius the Emperor to a very honourable Office But at the Age of 57 Years he resolved to mind the things of his Salvation and to spend the rest of his life in composing of Hymns to the praise of God and the honour of the Saints with some Poems against the Pagan Religion and touching the Duties of Christians These particulars of his Life are set forth by himself in a Preface to one of his Poems The Catalogue of his Poetical Works to the most whereof he gave Greek Titles is as follows Psychomachia or The
Antioch was the First who in the Year 413 inserted the Name of S. Chrysostom into the Diptychs and who by that means was re-admitted to communicate with Pope Innocent Acacius of Beraea likewise received Letters of Communion from the Pope upon condition that he should not shew any hatred against S. Chrysostom afterwards About the Year 428. Attiâ—â—s Bishop of Constantinople inserted the Name of S. Chrysostom into the Diptychs and exhorted S. Cyril of Alexandriâ— to do the same This Bishop scrupled it at first But at last 〈◊〉 Isâ—odore Pelusiota persuaded him to do it Thus all the Churches did right to the Memory of S. Chrysostom and Peace 〈◊〉 â—estored The Number of S. Chrysostom's Works is 〈◊〉 great that the Ancient Criticks durst not pretend to make a Catalogue of them S. Isâ—odore and 〈◊〉 look'd upon it as almost impossible George and Nicephorus say that he composed above a Thousand Volumes Suidas and â—â—ssâ—â—dorus affirm that he wrote Commentaries upon the â—… From all which it is evident that how many soever of S. Chrysostom's Works are â—… they are fewer than they have been and so much the rather because among those that we have some are none of his though they bear his Name The 65 Homilies upon Genesis are the First of S Chrysostom's Commentaries of the Bible according to the Order of the sacred Books the Thirty two first were preached in Lent in the third Year of his being Bishop This Subject was â—â—terrupted by the Festivals for he was to preach upon the Passion of Jesus Christ. After Easter he undertook to expound the Acts of the Apostles and was near a Year about that Work Afterwards he betook himself to his former Task and finished his Exposition of Genesis in Thirty four Homilies These Homilies are Commentaries upon Genesis rather than Sermons And he applies himself particularly to explain the Text of Scripture literally The Examples of Vertues or Vices spoken of in the Text which he expounds are commonly the Subject of his Homilies The Style is plain and without those Figures and Ornaments which are to be found in his other Sermons The Nine Sermons of S. Chrysostom upon single passages of Genesis are more florid and contain more moral Thoughts The First is upon the first Words of Genesis In the Beginning God created the Heavens and the Earth in it he treats of Fasting and Alms-deeds The Second is upon these Words of the first Chapter v. 26. Let us make Man after our own Image There he gives the reason why Moses speaking of the Creation of Man uses the Expression God said Let us make whereas he said of the Creation of other things God said Let them be And there he shews wherein this Resemblance with God consists In the Third he makes some further Reflexions upon Man being like God and upon the Dominion given to him over other Creatures and there he answers the Question Why Beasts fall upon and kill Man and confesses that it is because Man by Sin has lost the Empire he had over them S. Austin quotes this Homily in his First Book against Julian and produces a passage out of it to prove Original sin In the Fourth the three kinds of servitude which Mankind is fallen into by sin are discoursed of which are the Subjection of the Wife to her Husband that of one Man to another and that of Subjects to their Princes He insists much upon this last and occasionally speaks of the Attention Men ought to give to Sermons In the Fifth he shews that those who live well purchase their Liberty and declaims against those that refuse to assist the Poor The Sixth Seventh and Eighth are concerning the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. In the First he shews that Adam knew Good and Evil before he tasted the Fruit of that Tree In the Second he says that it is so called because Evil is more perfectly known after Commission there he also explains those Words of our Saviour to the good Thief This Day shalt thou be with me in Paradise The Third is about God's forbidding Man to eat of the Fruit of the Tree The Ninth is upon the Names of Abraham and Noah where he discourses of brotherly Correction The Tenth Homily upon Genesis in the English Edition is not genuine it has the same Preface with the Third Homily upon David and Saul it is written in a swelling Style and full of Metaphors and quite different from the first Part. The following Sermons are upon the History of Hannah Samuel's Mother in the first Book of Samuel but it treats of several Subjects The Preface to the First is upon the Fast of the last Lent and upon the Sermons which he had made since against the Gentiles and after Flavianus his return upon the Feasts of the Martyrs and against swearing After this he resumes the Subject of Providence which he was entred upon he demonstrates That it is God who gave unto Man the knowledge of the things which he ought to know That sickness and death have their use He takes notice that the Love which Parents have for their Children is an effect of Providence and that Mothers are not less concerned in the Education of their Children than Fathers And upon occasion of this last Reflection he relates the History of Hannah and he speaks of it in the following Sermon and thereupon he Discourses of Moderation of Modesty and the Reverence due to Priests and of Grace before and after Meat In the Third he speaks of the Obligation which lies upon Men to give their Children good Education In the Fourth upon the second Part of Hannah's Song he reproves those who neglect Divine Service to go to Plays and publick Shows and discourses of the usefulness of Prayer In the Fifth he shews their Errour who go to Church only upon great Festival Days He expounds the rest of Hannah's Hymns and he speaks of the Advantage of Wealth above Poverty These five Discourses were preached by S. Chrysostom in Antioch about Whitsuntide after Flavianus his Return In this last Sermon he mentions a Discourse upon the first Part of Hannah's Hymn not extant There are three Sermons about David and Saul In the first after a Declamation against those that frequent Plays to the neglect of Holy Worship and a Declaration that they should be excommunicated he treats of patience and forgiving of Enemies proposing for an Example David's Action who would not kill Saul though God had delivered him into his Hands In the second that Action is commended and preferred before all the other great Actions of that King He prosecutes the same Argument in the third Discourse where he also complains of those that were given to Plays He observes that it is as great an Act of Vertue to bear an Injury patiently as to give Alms. At the End of these there is another Sermon against Idleness which hath no relation to the Rest. The Homilies upon the Psalms are Commentaries rather
Books of Compunction of heart to Stelechius Ed. Eton v. 6. p. 151. P. v. 4. p. 121. Three Books of Divine Providence to Stagirius Ed. Eng. v. 6. p. 84. P. v. 4. p. 1. 7. A Treatise of Virginity Ed. Eng. v. 6. p. 244. P. v. 4. p. 275. Two Discourses against Womens dwelling with Clergymen Ed. Eng. v. 6. p. 214. and 230. P. v. 4. p. 225. and 247. Another Discourse shewing That a Clergyman ought not to use jesting Ed. Eng. v. 6. p. 963. P. v. 6. p. 594. Two Discourses to a Young Widow Ed. Eng. v. 6. p. 296. and 304. P. v. 4. p. 456. and 469. A Treatise to shew that no man can be offended but by himself Edit Eng. v. 7. p. 36. P. v. 4. p. 498. Two Letters to Pope Innocent Ed. P. v. 4. p. 593. and 599. A Letter concerning his Persecution to the Priests and Bishops cast into Prison Edit P. p. 600. Two hundred forty two Letters to Olympias and others Ed. Eng. v. 7. p. 51. to p. 205. P. v. 4. p. 603 c. to p. 834. A Letter to Caesarius a Monk Printed by it self Spurious Book Liturgy Edition Eton v. 6. p. 983. P. v. 4. p. 522. Edit Eng. and Eton signifies Sir Henry Savile's Edition in Greek P. is Paris Edition in Greek and Latin L. is the Lions Edition only in Latin ANTIOCHUS Genuine Books A Fragment produced by Theodoret in his Second Dialogue Other Fragments produced by Gelasius in the Book of the two Natures Books Lost. A Discourse against Covetousness A Sermon upon the Parable of the Man that was Born Blind and several other Homilies SEVERIANUS Genuine Books A Sermon on the Seals another upon the brazen Serpent several others which are found among St. Chrysostom's Six Sermons of the Creation of the World Two Fragments produced by Gelasius and some others drawn from the Catenae upon the Scripture Books Lost. A Commentary upon the Epistle to the Galatians A Treatise upon the Feast of the Baptism and Epiphany of Jesus Christ. A Discourse against Novatus and several Sermons ASTERIUS Genuine Books Eleven Sermons on different Subjects Extracts of several others related by Photius Three Homilies upon the Psalms published by Cotelerius if they are really his Books Lost. Several other Sermons ANASTASIUS Genuine Book A Letter to John of Jerusalem Books Lost. A Synodical Letter against Origen A Letter to Rufinus A Letter to Venerius A Treatise of the Incarnation Supposititious Books Two Letters one to the Bishops of Germany and Burgundy and the other to Nectarius CHROMACIUS Genuine Book A Discourse upon the Beatitudes Books Lost. Commentaries upon the whole Gospel of St. Matthew Several Sermons Supposititious Book Letter of Chromacius to St. Jerom upon the Martyrology GAUDENTIUS Genuine Books Nineteen Sermons Four small Treatises The Life of St. Philastrius JOHN of Jerusalem Book Lost. An Apologetick against his Enemies Supposititious Book Treatise to Caprasius of the Institution of Monks THEOPHILUS of Alexandria Genuine Books Three Paschal Letters among the Works of St. Jerom. Three other Letters ibid. Some Greek Fragments of other Paschal Letters related by Theodoret and the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon Another Fragment of his Treatise against Origen and two Fragments of a Treatise addressed to the Monks of Scitha Five Canonical Letters Books Lost. A Treatise against Origen A Treatise against the Anthropomorphites A Cycle of the Feast of Easter A Treatise to the Monks of Scitha written against St. John Chrysostom Two first Paschal Letters and the Sixth THEODORUS of Mopsuestia * Vide the Catalogue of his Works in his Life PALLADIUS Genuine Books Historia Lausiaca Life of St. John Chrysostom written perhaps by another Palladius INNOCENT I. Genuine Works Thirty four Letters whereof the Thirtieth is Supposititious St. JEROM Genuine Books still Extant Forty nine Letters of Exhortation Instruction or Commendation with the Lives of St. Paul the Hermit St. Hilarion and Malchus contained in the first Tome of his Works A Treatise against Helvidius Two Books against Jovinian An Apology for those Books addressed to Pammachius An Apologetical Letter to Domnion and Pammachius A Letter and Treatise against Vigilantius A Letter to Marcella against Montanus A Letter to Riparius against Vigilantius A Letter to Apronius against the Origenists Two Letters to Damasus upon the Hypostases A Dialogue against the Luciferians A Letter to Avitus concerning the Errours of Origen A Translation of the Letter of St. Epiphanius to John of Jerusalem A Letter to Pammachius against the Errours of John of Jerusalem A Letter to Theophilus against the same A Letter to Rufinus Three Books of Apology against Rufinus A Letter to Ctesiphon and Three Books of Dialogues against the Pelagians Three Letters to Theophilus A Letter against Vigilantius Some other Letters on divers Subjects of Doctrine particularly to St. Augustin A Treatise of the best manner of Transâ—ating Fifty Critical Letters or thereabouts upon the Holy Scriptures A Book of the Names of Countries and Cities mentioned in the Bible An Explication of the Proper Names of the Hebrews An Explication of the Hebrew Alphabet and Jewish Traditions Letters to Minerius and Paulinus A Treatise of Illustrious Men or of Ecclesiastical Writers A Latin Version of the Text of the Bible from the Septuagint A New Version from the Hebrew Text. Eighteen Books of Commentaries upon Isaiah Six Books upon Jeremiah Fourteen Books upon Ezekiel One Book upon Daniel A Commentary upon Ecclâ—siasâ—es and upon the Twelve minor Prophets A Harmony of the Four Gospels Four Books of Notes upon the Gospel of St. Matthew Commentaries upon the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians to the Ephâ—sians to Titus and to Philemon A Translation of the Book of Diâ—ymus concerning the Holy Ghost A Translation of some Homilies of Origer A Translation of Eusebius's Chronicon Books Lost. Annotations upon the Psalms A Commentary upon the Tenth Psalm and upon the Six following A Treatise upon the Book of Job A Treatise of Heresies A Treatise of the Resurrection A Letter to Antius Annotations upon the Prophets Supposititious Books Questions upon the Chronicles and upon the Books of Kings An Explication of the Names of Countries and Cities spoken of in the Acts of the Apostles A Commentary upon the Lamentations of Jeremiah A Book of Annotations upon St. Mark A Commentary upon the Psalms A Commentary upon the Epistles of St. Paul A Letter to Demetrias Letters and Treatises in the last Tome upon which there is a Censure past at the end of the Account of St. Jerom's Works in this Volume RUFINUS Genuine Books Translations of the Works of several Authors of which there is a Catalogue in Rufinus's Life Two Books of Ecclesiastical History A Discourse concerning the Falsification of the Books of Origen A Book of Invectives against St. Jerom. An Apology to Pope Anastasius An Explication of the Creed An Explication of the Benedictions of Jacob. A Commentary upon the Prophets Hosea Joel and Amos. Books Lost. Several Letters
have put in this place because the following action informs us that the 28th Canon was made the Day before As for my self I much doubt whether this Collection of Canons was made in any Session of the Council and do rather believe that they were composed since and taken out of the several Actions 'T is easie to find the places Nov. 1. For though this Action be ordinarily dated Octob. 28 't is a fault which is not in the MS of Dijon which is an Original the Pope's Legates complain'd that after they and the Commissioners were departed the Bishops had made several Orders contrary to the Canons and Discipline of the Church They required that they should be read over again Before they were read Aetius the Archdeacon said That the Custom of Synods was to make other Constitutions after they had decided what concerns the Faith that being about to do it for the Church of Constantinople they had prayed the Legats to be present but they refused with which having acquainted the Commissioners they had ordered the Council to do what they thought convenient that they had deliberated freely and had done nothing clancularly They then read the Canon concerning the Patriarch of Constantinople Pascasinus in the first place said that they had surprized the Bishops by making them Subscribe the Decrees which they had no knowledge of All the Bishops said That it was not so that no body was compelled and every one knew what he did Lucentius then complain'd that they had dispised the Canons of the Council of Nice by preferring the Decrees of a Council held 150 years after before them He caused the Order to be read which they had received from S. Leo commanding to oppose those Bishops who took too much upon them upon the account of the Splendor of their Sees and hinder them from attempting any thing The Commissioners ordered the Canons to be read on both sides Pascasinus read the 6th Canon of Nice with an Addition prefixed which asserted That the Church of Rome hath always had a Primacy Aëtius read it without the Addition with the Canon of the Council of Constantinople They demanded if the Bishops of Asia and Pontus had voluntarily signed the Decree in question and they answered Yes and that the Bishop of Constantinople was in possession of the Right of Ordinations among them But Eusebius Bishop of Ancyra answered That although he had Signed it and was not willing to oppose the general consent yet it is true that he was Ordained at Gungra That he did not seek to perform those Ordinations That all that he desired was that nothing should be exacted of the Bishops at their Ordinations They made answer That it was forbidden by the Canons that the Altars were pure Eusebius answered That he did not fear any such thing of Anatolius but no Man was Immortal Anatolius asked him who ordained him He said That by misfortune he was at Constantinople and Proclus had Ordained him Lastly The Commissioners published the Result of the Acts and Depositions which had been made that the Bishop of Rome should have the Primacy and chief Honour That the Bishop of Constantinople should enjoy the same Prerogatives of Honour and had right to Ordain in the Sees of the Metropolis's in the Dioceses of Thrace Asia and Pontus such Persons as should be chosen by the Clergy People and Nobles That they were to give him Notice of this Election and know whether he desired the Person that was chosen should come to him to be Ordained at Constantinople or whether he would allow him to be Ordained in the Province That it was also likely that the Metropolitans had a Right to Ordain the Bishops of the Province according to the Custom without the leave of the Bishop of Constantinople All the Bishops approved of this Resolution The Legats of the Pope were the only Persons which said That they ought not to debase the Holy See so much in their presence They demanded that they would put out of the Acts that which had passed the day before to the prejudice of the Ecclesiastical Constitutions or if they would not their Opposition might be annexed to the Acts that they might make their report of it to him that Governs the Apostolick See who is the first Bishop of the World who may judge himself of the Injury done to his See and of the Subverting of the Canons Notwithstanding this Opposition the Bishops declared That they would go on and the Commissioners without any regard to what was said by the Pope's Legats said That all the Synod had given their Approbation to their Determination All things being thus decreed the Fathers of the Council made a long discourse to the Emperor in which having commended his Zeal and Piety as well as S. Leo's Doctrine and Holiness they related what had passed in the Council they Explained the Faith of the Church about the Incarnation approved S. Leo's Letter and opposed the Doctrine of Eutyches They wrote also to S. Leo what had been done in the Council and prayed him to consent to what they had decreed in favour of the Church of Constantinople The Emperor made two Edicts to prevent all Opposition to the Synod He confirmed the Council of Chalcedon and invallidated by an Edict all that had been done against Flavian He gave a check to the boldness of the Monks of Alexandria and Palestine who would have thrust out Juvenal from his See and put one Theodosius in his place He gave order to punish this last I do not pursue the Story of the Troubles raised after the Death of Martian about the Council of Chalcedon because it would draw me too far from my Subject I shall only observe that the Emperor Leo having consulted the Church about this Difference they held several Councils in the Provinces who wrote those Letters to the Emperor which make up that Collection called Codex Encyclicus which is reckoned the Third Part of the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Of the COUNCIL of RIES Held in 439. WE were not willing to interrupt the Connexion of the History of the Councils of The Council of Ries Chalcedon and Ephesus because these two Councils have a near Relation one to another We will now resume our discourse of the private Councils The Council of Ries in France and not Rhegium in Italy was called to Examine the Ordination of Armentarius who had been Ordained Bishop of Ebredunum This Armentarius was a Young Man but a Person of Quality who being led by the Advice of his Friends was Ordained Bishop of Ebredunum by two Bishops without the consent of the Bishops of the Province or of the Metropolitan but afterward acknowledging his fault withdrew himself renounced his Episcopal Charge and desired that his Name might be rased out of the number of the Bishops of Ebredunum Hilarius Bishop of Arles and twelve other Bishops of France were present at this Council They declared That the Ordination of
He govern'd the See of Arles from the Year 501 to the Year 543. He is mention'd in Gennadius's Book of Ecclesiastical Writers but 't is certain that this place was added For besides that it is not found in some Editions and many Manuscripts of Gennadius 't is evident that Caesarius was not yet Bishop of Arles when Gennadius wrote this Book Yet this Chapter being written by an ancient Author we may give credit to what he says in it that Caesarius composed some Books very useful for Monks Sigibert of Gemblours calls them Homilies proper for the Monastical Life We have many Homilies which go under his Name which are publish'd in the Bibliotheque of the Fathers in the Collection of M. Baluzius and among the Sermons of St. Austin Some of them perhaps are none of his and 't is certain that several places are added in them But these Homilies are not Discourses to Monks but Sermons to the People He compos'd a very great number of them not only to serve for Preaching in his own Church which he did very often Morning and Evening but also to send them to his Brethren of France Italy and Spain that they might use them for the Instruction of their People From hence it is that a great number of them are restor'd to him in the last Edition of St. Austin's Sermons He often-times transcribed the Sermons of others and chiefly those of St. Austin He founded a Monastery of Nuns at Arles whereof his Sister Caesaria was Abbess He drew up a Rule for them which is in the Collection of Benedict of Aniane where is found also a Discourse exhorting them to Chastity a Letter which he wrote to the Abbess about the manner of governing her Nuns and the Testament of this Bishop His Life was written by his Disciple Cyprianus by the Priest Messianus and by the Deacon Stephen These Lives are extant in the first Benedictine Age but I question whether they be altogether genuine and such as they were made by their first Authors The Author who plac'd his Name in Gennadius attributes to him a Collection of Passages out of the Holy Scripture and the Fathers about Grace which is approv'd by Pope Felix which is to be understood of the Canons of the second Council of Orange at which Caesarius assisted PONTIANUS THis Bishop wrote a Letter to Justinian wherein he praises his Zeal and Piety and remonstrates to him that he thought he could not condemn Theodorus the Writings of Theodoret and the Letter of Ibas because he had not seen their Writings and tho he should see them and find in Pontianus them things worthy of Condemnation yet he could not condemn the Authors that died in the Communion of the Church That he was afraid lest under the pretence of condemning these Authors they should revive the Heresie of Eutyches Lastly he informs him that he could not make war with the dead who are judg'd by a Judge from whose Judgment there lies no Appeal and prays him not to persecute and put to death those who are alive to force them to condemn some that Leo Arch-bishop of Sens. are dead This Letter is in the Councils Tome 5. p. 324. LEO Archbishop of Sens. THe Bishops have always been jealous of their Jurisdiction and vigorously oppos'd the Dismembrings which the Princes would make of the Parts of their Diocese This Archbishop of Sens may serve for an example of this King Childebert would establish a Bishop in the City of Melodunum which was in his Kingdom tho it belong'd to the Diocese of Sens. Leo wrote to him a Civil Letter in defence of his Rights and to hinder the Erection of this Bishoprick He represents to him that this could not be done without the consent of King Theodebert that it was contrary to the Ecclesiastical Canons that he ought not to suffer the Peace which was among the Bishops to be disturbed by his Order and that some of the People should be withdrawn from under the Jurisdiction of their Bishop that he could not alledge as a Pretence for erecting this new Bishoprick of Melodunum that the Bishop of Sens could not make his Visitation there because the ways were stopp'd up since there was nothing to hinder the Bishop of Sens to go thither or send his Deputy Lastly he declares that whosoever shall Ordain a Bishop at Melodunum without his Consent unless it were order'd by the Pope or in a Synod shall be excluded from his Communion as well as he who shall be Ordain'd This Letter is written under the Reign of Theodebert which begun in 535 and ended in 548. TROJANUS Bishop of Santones THis Bishop wrote a Letter to Evemerus or Eumerius Bishop of Nantes who had consulted him Whether he ought to Baptize a Person who did not remember that he was baptiz'd He answers Trojanus Bishop of Santones him That he ought to baptize all those who did not remember that they were baptiz'd or had no proof that they had been baptiz'd NICETIUS Bishop of Treves FAther Luc Dachery has given us in the third Tome of his Spicilegium two small Tracts of Piety written by this Bishop The one is concerning the Watchings of the Servants of God and the Nicetius Bishop of Treves other concerning the Usefulness of singing Psalms There are also two Letters of this Bishop's one to Justinian wherein he exhorts him to renounce Heresie and another to Chlosdoinda Queen of the Lombards exhorting her to labour after the Conversion of her Husband Tome fifth of the Councils p. 381. AURELIANUS AUrelianus Bishop of Arles and Successor to Caesarius whom Vigilius made his Vicar in Gaul made two Rules one for the Monks and another for the Nuns They are both related in the Aurelianus Code of the Rules of Benedict Abbot of Ancona This Bishop assisted at the Council of Lyons held in the Year 549. TERRADIUS Terradius TErradius or Terridius a Kinsman of Caesarius Bishop of Arles passes for the Author of a Rule made for Monks and Nuns ARATOR ARator born in Liguria was Intendant of the Finances to King Athalaricus and afterwards Sub-deacon of the Church of Rome he turn'd into Verse the History of the Acts of the Apostles under Arator the Pontificat of Pope Vigilius Altho this Work was much esteem'd in his own time yet it has not the like Approbation at present having nothing in it that 's sublime or agreeable The same Author wrote a Letter in Elegiack Verse to Count Parthenius which was publish'd by Father Sirmondus at the end of Ennodius JUSTINIANUS and JUSTUS Bishops of Spain ISidore of Sevil observes it as a thing extraordinary that there were in Spain under the Reign of Theodius i. e. toward the Year 535 four Brethren born of the same Mother all four Bishops Justinianus and Justus Bishops of Spain and all four Writers The first is Justinian Bishop of Valentia who wrote a Treatise containing divers Answers to the
The third fourth fifth sixth and seventh Letters and some Decrees Supposititious Works The first second eighth and ninth Letters EULOGIUS Works lost Six Books against Novatus Two Books of Apology for the Letter of St. Leo against Timotheus and Severus Another Defence of the same Letter Invectives against Theodosius and the Caianites JOHN the younger Genuine Works A Homily of Penance Two Penitential Books Works lost A Letter to Leander JOHN of Biclarum A genuine Work A Chronicle from the year 566 to 590. A Book lost A Rule for his Monks of Biclarum ANASTASIUS SINAITA Genuine Works The Guide of the true Way against the Acephali Books II of Anagogical Considerations about the Creation of the World Five Dogmatical Discourses Six Sermons Divers Manuscript Treatises Supposititious Works 154 Questions upon the Scripture EVAGRIUS Genuine Works Six Books of Ecclesiastical History St. JOHN CLIMACUS Genuine Works A Scale of the Cloister containing thirty Degrees A Letter to John Abbot of Raithu JOHN of Raithu Genuine Works A Letter to St. John Climacus A Commendation and Commentary upon his Scale St. GREGORY I. Genuine Works Twelve Books of Letters which are in number 840 or thereabouts The Questions of St. Austin and the Answers of St. Gregory Morals upon Job divided into five and thirty Books and distributed into six parts Homilies upon Ezechiel Two Books of Homilies upon the Gospels A Dialogue divided into three Books Commentaries upon the Book of Kings and Canticles collected by the Abbot Claudus Supposititious Works The Letter 54 of the seventh Book The 31st Letter of the tenth Book The Memorial about the Affair of Phocas The Priviledges granted to the Churches of Autun The Priviledge of St. Medard An Exposition of the seven Penitential Psalms The Antiphonary and the Sacramentary PATERIUS Genuine Works Two Books of Collections of Passages out of St. Gregory upon the Scripture A Book lost A third Book St. LEANDER Bishop of Sevil. Genuine Works A Letter to his sister Florentina A Discourse about the Conversion of the Goths Works lost Two Books against Hereticks A Treatise against the Arians An Edition of the Psalms Letters to St. Gregory A Letter about Baptism address'd to his Brother Many familiar Letters LICINIANUS and SEVERUS Bishops of Spain Works lost Letters of Licinianus A Treatise of Severus against Vincentius Bishop of Saragosa Another Treatise of the same about Virginity DINAMIUS A genuine Work The Life of St. Marius an Abbot EUTROPIUS A genuine Work A Letter concerning the Reformation of Monks A Work lost A Letter about the Unction of those who are biptiz'd MAXIMUS Bishop of Saragosa Works lost The History of Spain and some other Treatises in Prose and Verse EUSTRATIUS A genuiue Work A Treatise of the Souls of the Dead ANDRONICIANUS Works lost Two Books against the Eunomians LUCINIUS CHARINUS Works lost The Journeys of the Apostles METRODORUS A Work lost A Paschal Cycle HERACLIANUS Bishop of Chalcedon Works lost Twenty Books against the Manicheans LEONTIUS Bishop of Arabissa A Work lost A Homily of the Creation and of Lazarus A TABLE of the CANONS and ACTS of the COUNCILS held in the Sixth Age of the Church The first Council of Rome under Symmachus THe Acts and three Canons for preventing the usual Canvassings at the Election of Popes The second Council of Rome under the same The Acts of the Absolution of Symmachus Two Letters of Theodoric to the Council A Relation about King Theodoric made by the Council The Answer of Theodoric A Memorial of Instructions from the Council to the King The third Council under Symmachus Acts and a Canon of this Council concerning the Alienations of the Possessions of the Church Council of Agda 47 Canons and 25 added which are none of this Council's Council I. of Orleans One and Thirty Canons Council of Tarraco Thirteen Canons Council of Gerunda Ten Canons Council of Epaone Forty Canons Council I. of Lyons Six Canons Council of Lerida Sixteen Canons Council of Valentia in Spain Six Canons Council IV. of Arles Four Canons Council of the Bishops of Afric under Boniface Bishop of Carthage Acts concerning the restoring of Discipline and the Exemptions of Monks Council II. of Orange Eight Articles concerning Grace confirm'd by passages of Scripture and a Collection of some Sentences out of the Fathers Council II. of Vasio Five Canons Council of Rome under Boniface II. Acts about the Affair of Stephen Bishop of Larissa A Conference at Carthage between the Catholicks and Severians Acts of what was said there Council II. of Orleans One and twenty Canons Council of Clermont in 535. Sixteen Canons A Letter to King Theodebert Council III. of Orleans Three and Thirty Canons Council of Barcelona Ten Canons Council IV. of Orleans Eight and thirty Canons Council V. of Orleans Four and twenty Canons Council of Arvernia under King Theodoret. A Repetition and Confirmation of sixteen Canons in the preceding Council Council of Tutella A Letter of Mappinius Bishop of Rhemes about this Council Council of Constantinople under Mennas Acts of this Council Council II. of Constantinople called the fifth General Council Acts of this Council Council V. of Arles Seven Canons Council II. of Paris Acts lost Council III. of Paris Ten Canons Edict of Clotarius Council I. of Bracara Two and twenty Canons Council held at Santones Acts lost Council II. of Lyons Six Canons Council II. of Tours Seven and twenty Canons One Letter Council II. of Bracara Ten Canons Council V. of Paris Acts lost Synod of Antisiodorum Five and forty Constitutions Council I. of Mascon Nineteen Canons Council III. of Lyons Six Canons Council II. of Valentia Act confirming Donations made to the Church Council II. of Mascon Twenty Canons Edict of Gontranus Council III. of Toledo Acts of this Council Three and twenty Canons Edict of the King Council of Narbo Fifteen Canons Council I. of Sevil. A Letter to Pegasus Bishop of Astigis Council in Arvernia Acts lost A TABLE OF THE WORKS OF THE Ecclesiastical Writers Of the Sixth Age According to the Order of their Subject Matter TREATISES IN GENERAL about the Doctrines of Religion A Treatise of Faith address'd to Peter compos'd by St. Fulgentius A Treatise on the same Subject address'd to Felix Confessions of Faith by Maxentius A Confession of Faith of Giles the Abbot A Confession of Faith by Justinian A Treatise by the same against Origen A Treatise of Zacharias against the Manichees A Treatise of the Creation of the World by the same A Letter of Agnellus concerning the Faith Treatises about the Trinity A Letter of Avitus Fragments of some of his Books against the Arians A Conference of his with Gondebaud An Answer to the Objections of the Arians by St. Fulgentius Three Books of the same to King Thrasimund The Answer of Fulgentius to the second Question of Monimus and the last Book of his to Monimus A Treatise of the Faith by the same A Fragment of the Books of St. Fulgentius against Fabianus an Arian Heretick A
of none of his Works in particular nay he does not say he had written any Wherefore we shall say nothing of his Life APOLLONIUS Presbyter of Novara THIS Presbyter hath composed a Poem of the Destruction and Ruin of Jerusalem by Vespasian His Expressions are Noble his Terms Poetical and his Verses have a very Apollonius sweet Cadence This Work is divided into Four Books he is one of the best Christian Poets we have He makes no difficulty of calling upon the Muses and to use the Names of Prophane Gods JOHN IV. THIS Pope did not enjoy the Roman See long for he was raised to it in 640 and Died in 1641. Anastasius hath preserved in his Collections an Apology which he made for his John IV. Predecessor Honorius in which he pretends that that Pope was not in the Error of the Monothelites who acknowledged but one will in Jesus Christ and that when he said there was not Two wills in Christ he understood it of Two contrary wills or of the inferior and superior part that is of Concupiscence which is contrary to the rational will but he never meant that there was but one will only in Christ consisting of the Divine and the Humane will united into one We have yet Two Letters of this Pope the First is written to the Irish Abbots in the Name of Hilarius Arch-Priest of the Church of Rome holding the See during the vacancy in the place of John who was Elected but not Consecrated yet and of Two other Officers of the Roman Church the one having the Title of Secretary of State the other of Councellor They reprove them for not keeping Easter at the same time with other Churches and for retaining some Relicks of Pelagianism among them The Second Letter is to Isaac of Syracuse He declares therein That Monks ought to be permitted to chuse and put into the Churches given them such Priests as they will yet with this Proviso That if they do any thing against the Bishop they shall be punished by the Synod THEODORUS I. AFter John IV's Death THEODORUS was chosen in his room in November the Year 641. He wrote two Letters and a Memoir against Pyrrhus Patriarch of Constantinople Theodorus I. who had been depriv'd and Paul put in his room 'T is to this last Theodorus's first Letter is directed He sends him Word That Pyrrhus ought to be condemned and deposed in a Synod for commending Heraclius and going about to make a new Profession of Faith He tells him That in case he could not get him condemned in his Country he must only pray the Emperor to cause him to be brought to Rome and that he will get him judg'd in a Council The Second Letter is directed to the Bishops who had ordain'd Paul He finds Fault with them for ordaining him before they had deposed Pyrrhus and for giving him the Title of Most Holy He takes notice of the Reasons why he should be condemned 1. Because he had commended Heraclius and 2. Because he had made a new Profession of Faith contrary to the Apostolick Doctrine against the Prohibition of the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon In the Memoir he exhorts the Eastern Bishops to preserve the Ancient Faith of the Church and to reject the Novelties brought in by Pyrrhus and his Confession of Faith MARTIN I. MARTIN I. being ordain'd Bishop of Rome in July 649. held in October following Martin I. a Council of 105. Bishops against the Monothelites in which he condemned Sergius and Pyrrhus who had been formerly Bishops of Constantinople and Paul then in Possession of it At that Time the Emperor Constans sent the Exarch Olympius into Italy with an order to force the Bishops of Italy to receive the * An Edict put out by the Emperor Constans at the Desire of Paulus Bishop of Constantinople a Monothelite whereby it was prohibited to dispute about the Operations and Wills of Christ. Type published by him Olympius found the Pope the Bishops and the Clergy of Italy in a very contrary Disposition and was forc'd to enter into Agreement with Martin but this Exarch being dead a while after in Sicily where he had the Command of an Army against the Saracens the Emperor sent Theodorus sirnamed Calliopas who caused Pope Martin to be taken away by Force in July 653. He remained a whole Year in the Isle of Naxos and came not to Constantinople till towards the end of 654. from whence he was banish'd into Chersona where he died in 656. in June We have Seventeen Letters of his The First is a Circular Letter to all Bishops to let them know He had condemned the Error of the Monothelites The Second is directed to Amandus Bishop of Utrecht who had written to him That he was so much grieved to see the Disorder of certain Clergymen who committed the Sin of the Flesh after their Ordination that he had a mind to leave his Bishoprick to live in Peace and Quietness He disswades him from that Design and advises him to deal with those Sinners with all the Severity that the Canons allow declaring That all those that are fallen after their Ordination shall remain suspended for ever and be for ever disabled from performing any Sacerdotal Function That they shall pass their whole Life in Penance for the Expiation of their Fault For saith he if we chuse persons of innocent Life to be promoted to Orders with how much greater Reason should we hinder those who are fallen after their Ordination from medling with the Holy Mysteries with defiled Hands and polluted with Crimes Let them therefore be deposed for ever according to the Decrees of the Councils to the end that the Searcher of Hearts who will not suffer any of his Sheep to perish seeing the sincerity of their Repentance may forgive them at the Day of Judgment Then he exhorts that Bishop to undergo any manner of Pains Torments and Toil for the Salvation of his Sheep and the Service of God Lastly he gives him notice that he hath condemned the Monothelites in a General Council of his Brethren and sends him the Acts themselves to the end he may publish them and cause them to be received in his Country He prays him to persuade King Sigebert to send some Bishops to the Holy See that they may carry home the Acts of that Council and joyn with him in the Defence of the Faith The Third is directed to the Emperor Constans in the Name of the whole Synod He acquaints him That he hath condemned the Error of the Monothelites in a Synod of which he sends him the Acts. The Fourth is to the Bishop of Carthage and to all the Bishops of Africa He approves the Confession of Faith they had sent him and sends them the Acts of the Council In the Fifth he makes John Bishop of Philadelphia to whom he writes his Vicar in all the East giving him Power to make Bishops and Priests in the Churches of the
their Sins and mortified in themselves the Vices of the Flesh. He lets them know they are to understand That altho' they be 〈◊〉 to receive the Imposition of Hands nevertheless they ought to be persuaded they shall not receive the absolution of their Crimes if the divine Goodness do not pardon them giving them the Grace of Contrition because as S. Gregory saith the Bishop's Absolution is then only true when it is agreeable with the Judgment of him who judges the Secrets of the Hearts which is figured by the Resurrection of 〈◊〉 whom Christ raised to Life first before he ordered his Disciples to loose him and thus all Pastors must have a care to loose and absolve none but such whose Souls Christ hath quickened again by his Grace After these words he invites them to shew some Marks of their Conversion which they having done by lifting up their Hands to Heaven he went on in his Discourse setting forth the effects of true Repentance which are to satisfy God to lament their Sins past and to commit them no more The 12th Homily is upon Charity on Holy Thursday The 13th for the same day He exhorts all Christians to purge themselves from their daily Sins by Prayer and Almsgiving and he advertiseth them in the end That they should not abhor publick Penitents as being great Sinners because among those that are not doing Penance there may be some guilty of more grievous Sins He deploreth the misery of those who do not confess them nor do Penance for them In the 14th he exhorts Christians diligently to prepare themselves for the worthy receiving of the Eucharist at Easter In the 15th he speaks again very earnestly of the real Presence Know ye my dear Brethren says he and firmly believe That as the * Vid. Note w Flesh which Jesus Christ took in the Virgins Womb is his true Body which was offered up for our Salvation so likewise the Bread which he gave to his Disciples and which the Priests consecrate daily in the Church is the true Body of Christ. They are not two Bodies 't is the same Body which is broken and sacrificed This is Jesus Christ which is broken and sacrificed tho' he remains sound and whole Then he exhorts all Christians Clerks Laicks and Religious who perceive themselves guilty of the Sins of Envy Calumny Hatred Fornication and Perjury to purifie themselves on this day confessing their Iniquity to God And as to those that have committed greater Crimes and are doing Penance publickly he warns them to fall no more into those Sins He adds That there be grievous Offenders whose Crimes are so secret that they cannot be admitted to do publick Penance That those Offenders are to be excluded from the Church for a while because that altho' they be not reconciled by the Imposition of Hands and receive not Absolution they ought to mortifie their Bodies by Works of Repentance and heal their Souls by good Deeds This would make one think That publick Offences only were then liable to publick Penance and as to them whose Crimes were altogether secret and hidden they did only advise them to separate themselves from the Church Assemblies and to do Penance secretly and privately This appears yet by the 16th Homily for having exhorted all Christians generally to Repent and to abstain from grievous Crimes for the future he directs his Speech to two Persons whom a publick Offence had obliged to do publick Penance He exhorts them sincerely to lament their Sins and to commit them no more In that Homily there is an unwarrantable Proposition related under the name of the Wise Man That it is as great a Crime for a Man to lie with his Wife as to eat Flesh in Lent Besides these Homilies we have a Letter of S. Eligius's among those of Desiderius Bishop of * Of Cadurcum Cahors S. Eligius was an able and learned Man for his time he had read S. Cyprian S. Austin S. Gregory and some other Latin Fathers and imitated them He was a Lover of Ecclesiastical Discipline and a Follower of the Tradition of those Fathers as near as the Age he lived in could permit His Sermons are better than those of several other Latin Preachers both for Matter and Stile AGATHO POPE Agatho may deservedly be rank'd among Ecclesiastical Authors because of the long Letter he writ to the Emperor Constantine inserted in the Acts of the 6th Council in Agatho which he does largely confute the Error of the Monothelites But we ought not to value much another Letter ascribed to this Pope directed to Ethelred King of the Mercians to Theodorus of Canterbury and to the Abbot Sexulphus which seems to be a Supposititious Piece made by some English Monk and contains nothing remarkable We shall speak of this Pope's first Letter when we come to treat of the Acts of the 6th Council and of another Letter written upon the same Subject and the same Occasion by Datian Bishop of Pavia in the name of Mansuetus Bishop of Milan which is also among the Acts of this Council This Pope died the 10th of January in 682. after he had governed the Church of Rome 3 years 6 Months and 25 days LEO II. AFTER Agatho's death Leo II. was chosen in his Room Constantine the Emperor hearing of his Election did immediately write a Letter to him set down in the end of Leo II. the 6th Council but Leo was not ordained till August in the year 682. After the return of John Bishop of Porto one of the Legates whom Agatho had sent to the Council And some believe his Ordination was put off till August in the year following But it is not likely for in May of this year he did examine and approve in a Synod the Acts of the 6th Council and in the end of the same year sent them into Spain He died the year after viz. June 28. 684. The Emperor's Letter directed to Leo wherein he acquaints him That the Council hath confirmed Pope Agatho's Doctrine and what was done in the 6th Council is in the Acts of that Council Baronius pretends That these two Letters are Supposititious but his Conjectures are grounded only upon false dates a False dates In the Title of the 1st Letter it is said That it was sent in December Indict X. Agatho was then living but they must set down some other Month for it was delivered in June Indict X. It is known That these Titles before the true Inscriptions are added The second Letter hath no date in the Greek and the date in the Latin is visibly false In the Body there is mention made of the X. Indict of June before which agreeth very well with our Hypothesis Leo was chosen in the beginning of 682. Indict X. In June he receiveth the Acts of the Council and the Emperor's Letter he was ordained in August following and he writes an Answer in the beginning of the next year Indict XI Aâ—â—stasius hath turned
Publick and Civil Employments and Offices that they might with the greater Care and Diligence attend the Service of God which this Council endeavours to preserve The 6th orders That the Revenues given to maintain the Church Fabricks shall be managed by the Bishops Presbyters and other Clerks serving those Churches according to the Intention of the Donor and that whosoever shall take away any part of them he shall be cut off from the Church till he hath made Restitution By the 7th all sorts of Persons are forbidden to seize either by an Order from the Prince or by Authority from a Judge or in any other manner whatsoever on the Estate left by the Bishops or other Clerks whether they belong to the Church or be their own It is ordered They shall be kept and preserved by the Arch-deacon and the Clergy They are excommunicated that shall seize on them and it is said They are to be looked upon as Murderers of the Poor The 8th forbids Arch-deacons yea and the Bishops themselves to appropriate to themselves after the Death of Abbots Presbyters and other Clerks ministring in the Churches the Moveables belonging to them under pretence of taking them for the Bishop or the Church The 9th forbids Bishops to challenge to themselves the Goods Churches or Clerks of other Bishops although the Kingdom or Province had been divided and those that shall do so it deprives them of those charitable Duties which their Brethren use to pay them till they have restored what they have taken and made Restirution of the Fruits The 10th renews the Constitution made in the second Council of Lyons held in 570. whereby it was ordered That the last Wills of Bishops Presbyters and other Clerks who bequeath Legacies to Churches shall be executed tho' their Testament were not in due Form The 11th Canon renews the Constitution whereby a Bishop being at Variance with another Bishop is bound to apply himself to the Metropolitan and he that applieth himself to a Secular Judge is deprived of Communion with the Metropolitan until he give an account of his Proceeding in the next Synod The 12th separateth from the Communion until the Point of Death such Monks and Nuns as go out of the Monastery which they had chosen for their Abode if being warned of it they refuse to return But if they return to it and make an humble Satisfaction the Eucharist may be given them The 13th Canon excommunicates the Virgins or Widows who do marry after having put off the Secular Habit to lead a Religious Life at home The 14th prohibits Marriage with the Brother's Widow the Wife's Sister the Daughters of two Sisters the Uncle's Widow by the Father's and Mother's Side and with a Maiden that hath taken a Religious Habit. It excommunicates those that contract such Marriages till they separate themselves The 15th imports That the Jews are not to sue for the Costs of Recovery of Money from Christians and if any of them should obtain them he ought to be baptized with all his Family To this Council is annexed Clotharius's Edict containing the Confirmation of the foregoing Canons Nevertheless there be some of them to which he hath subjoyned Modifications and particular Conditions To the Canon concerning Bishops's Ordinations it adds that if the Person elected be found worthy of it he shall be confirmed by Order from the Prince and that a Court-Officer may be chosen if he be a deserving and learned Man To the Canon forbidding Bishops to go to Court it adds They may go thither to obtain some Favour and upon what account soever they shall go thither if they return with the Prince's Letters they are to be excused As for the Inhibition of Clerks applying themselves to Secular Judges it excepts from it Criminal Matters into which Secular Judges are appointed to enquire calling the Bishops to them It excepts likewise Matters concerning the Publick which the Bishop and the Secular Magistrate are appointed Judges of It adds some other Ordinances about Civil Matters Council held in France about the same Time as the former of which the Place is unknown THE same Manuscript where this Council of Paris is found contained the Canons of another Council of which we know neither the Place nor the Year Council in France c. The 1st orders the Execution of the Canons of the Council of Paris The 2d prohibits consecrating Altars in the Places where Corps are buried The 3d. orders That Monks shall observe their Rule and live in common under the Government of an Abbot or a Superior The 4th prohibits baptizing in Monasteries celebrating Masses for Secular Persons deceased and burying the Dead without the Bishop's Leave The following Canons to the 8th are wanting the Manuscript being defective in that Place The 8th forbids Clerks to have Women in their Houses excepting their Sister or Aunt The 9th confirms the Right of Sanctuaries for Churches and prohibits taking away by force those that fly into Churches The 10th Canon is wanting The 11th prohibits depriving Abbots or Arch-priests of their Ecclesiastical Function unless they be guilty of some Fault that deserveth it as also advancing them to those Dignities with the Prospect of some Reward It prohibits moreover making a Layman Arch-priest The 12th forbids Presbyters and Deacons to marry upon pain of being turned out of the Church The 13th prohibits entertaining those that are excommunicated by their Bishop and that they may be known it orders the Bishops that excommunicated them to acquaint the neighbouring Towns and Churches with it The 14th decrees That Freemen having sold or engaged themselves out of necessity shall be restored again to their former state giving back the Price they had taken for their Engagement The 15th Canon is imperfect The next are lost nay it is not known how many there were of them Council II. of Sevil. THIS Council was held under King * Al. Sisebulus a King of Spain of the Gotâ—ish Race Sisebut in November 619. and made up of seven Bishops of the Province of Batica the president whereof was Isidore Bishop of Sevil. Several Council II. of Sevil Ecclesiastical Affairs were treated of there which are related in the Acts of this Council In the 1st Action was received the Petition presented by Theodulphus Bishop of Malaga wherein he complain'd That his Diocess having been spoiled by the Wars was become a Prey to the neighbouring Bishops who had invaded it It is ordered That all the Churches formerly belonging to him shall be restored to him all Right of Prescription notwithstanding because none such is to be alledged when Hostilities are the Ground of the Possession In the 2d Action they named Deputies to compose the Difference between the Bishop of Astigi and that of Corduba about a Church which they both claimed to belong to their Jurisdiction and to be within the Limits of their Diocess The Council orders That Deputies shall first of all examine the Limits of the Diocess and
in Arles and from receiving the Church Revenues till he receive his tryal before the Bishops Council VIII of Toledo THIS Council of 52 Bishops of Spain was called by an order from King * Receswinthe in the year 653. Its Constitutions are in the form of Acts very obscure written in a Council VIII of Toledo barbarous Stile and full of false Notions They begin with King Receswinthe's Letter to the Bishops of the Synod wherein he exhorts them to follow the Faith of the first 4 general Councils to provide against the Disorders that would happen if they should execute the Oath they had taken of putting all those to death that should be found to be concerned in At Recesuind any Conspiracy against the Prince or State to re-establish the discipline of the ancient Canons and to regulate those Matters that shall be brought before them The Bishops obeying the King's Order professed themselves to hold the Decisions of the Councils and the Fathers they read the Creed which was then recited in the solemn Service of the Churches of Spain which is that of the Council of Constantinople to which they had super-added That the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Father and the Son Then they made a long Discourse upon Oaths and cited many Places of the Scripture and the Fathers to shew that Men ought not to keep nor execute the Oaths wherewith they have sworn to commit wicked Actions and prejudicial to the State The third Canon is against those that use Intreaties and Prayers to obtain the Priesthood They are declared Excommunicate and those that do confer or receive Orders thus are deprived of their Dignity these last are likewise put to Penance in a Monastery The three next Canons are made to keep the Clergy pure and chaste The 7th is against an Abuse by which some Persons ordained Bishops or Presbyters did think themselves free to leave the Priesthood under pretence that in their receiving it they had said that they would not receive it The Council declares That this cannot be done and that as Baptism conferred on Persons unwilling to receive it and on Children who know nothing of it is valid so likewise Ordination ought to subsist being as indelible as Baptism the Holy Chrisme and the Consecration of the Aâ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who after theiâ— Ordination shall 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—e 〈◊〉 out of 〈◊〉 Church and shut up in a Monastery to dâ—â—enanâ—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉 The 8 〈◊〉 Constitution prohibiâ—â— ordaining hereafter any Clâ—â—â— that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Pâ—… the Anthems the Hymns in use and the Ceremonies of Baptism and that if any oâ— them that are ordained be ignorant of these things they shall be constrained to learn them The 9th forbids eating Flesh in Lent and orders That those that have need of eating of it shall ask the Bishop's Leave The 10th Constitution is concerning the Election of Kings and the Qualifications they ought to have The 11th confirms the ancient Canons of Councils The 12th confirms the Decree of the Council of Toledo held under King Sisenand about the security of Kings They conclude with pious Wishes for King Receswinthe and with a general Confirmation of the preceeding Constitutions The Acts are subscribed not only by 52 Bishops but by 9 Abbots besides and 10. Presbyters or Deacons Deputies of Bishops and 16 Lords Moreover there is another Decree of this Council about the disposing of Kings Revenues which is confirm'd by an Edict of King Receswinthe The Jewish Converts presented a Petition to this Council wherein they bound themselves sincerely to renounce the Jewish Doctrine and Ceremonies Council IX of Toledo TWO Years after the same King Receswinthe called a Provincial Council the Bishops whereof willing to renew the ancient Discipline and to publish the Canons of the Councils Council IX of Toledo thought they ought to begin by making Laws to reform themselves for say they in the Preface It would not become Superiors to go about to judge their Inferiors before they have judged themselves by the Laws of Justice itself Judgments are more just by far when the Life of the Judges is well ordered and when their Vertue is known their Judgment is better submitted to Therefore they 1st forbid the Bishops and others of the Clergy to appropriate to themselves the Lands given to Churches and give leave to the Relations and Heirs of the Legatees to apply themselves to the Bishop or Metropolitan to hinder the Lands given by their Relations from being converted to private uses Secondly to prevent the ruine of Parish-Churches and Monasteries they give leave to those that built them to take care of them and to recommend to the Bishops some Persons to govern them whom he shall be bound to ordain if he finds them capable of that Office This was one beginning of Lay-Patrons Thirdly It is ordered That if the Bishop or any other of the Clergy to pay the Churches Debts alienates some part of his Church-Lands under the Titles of Patrimony he shall be bound to set down in the Deed the cause of his doing so to the end that it may appear whether it be done justly or fraudulently Fourthly they decree That if Bishops have but a small Patrimony the Purchases they make ought to be for the Profit of the Church but if the Revenue of their own Patrimony be found to be as great as that of their Bishoprick their Heirs shall divide their Estate in half or according to the proportion of their own and the Church Patrimony Lastly that they may during their Life dispose of what falls to them by Donation but if they do not dispose of it after their Decease those Donations shall belong to the Church In the Fifth they declare That the Bishop that will build a Monastery in his Diocess shall endow it only with the fiftieth part of the Revenue of his Bishoprick and with the hundredth if it be but a Church only In the Sixth That he may forgive Parochial Churches the third part of the Revenues which they owe him and that such Release shall be perpetual and irrevocable For the more punctual execution of these Canons by the Seventh Constitution they forbid the Heirs of the Bishop to enter upon their Inheritance without the Consent of the Metropolitan or if he be a Metropolitan before he hath a Successor or there be a Council assembled And likewise they forbid the Heirs of Presbyters and Deacons to take possession of their Inheritance without the Cognizance of the Bishop In the Eighth Canon they declare That the Prescription of thirty Years shall not be reckoned against the Church as to the Lands alienated by any Bishop but from the Day of that Bishop's Death and not from the Day of the Date of the Deed. In the Ninth they forbid a Bishop who cometh to bury his Brother to take above the value of a Pound of Gold if the Church be rich or of half a Pound if
the Virgin DEMETRIUS CYZICENUS A genuine Work A Memoir of the Original of the Jacobites Works without Name A Memoir concerning the Schism of the Armenians A Memoir about the Nativity of Jesus Christ. S. OWEN A genuine Work The Life of S. Eligius BEDA His genuine Works I. About Arts and Sciences His Books of Grammar Arethmetick Astronomy Physick Chronology and Morality Two Treatises of the Tropes and Figures of the Scripture His Books of the Lunar Cycles A Treatise of Times II. Of History The History of England in five Books A Treatise of the Holy Land A Treatise of the Hebrew Names III. Upon the Bible An Explication of the three first Chapters of Genesis A Commentary upon the Pentateuch Four Books of allegorical Explications upon the two first Books of Kings Some Questions upon these Books An allegorical Explication of the Books of Esdras and Tobit Three Books of Commentaries upon the Proverbs and seven upon the Canticles An Allegory upon the Ark of the Testimony A Commentary upon the Gospels of S. Matthew S. Mark and S. Luke the Acts the Catholick Epistles and the Revelation Homilies and Sermons Several Questions and Treatises upon the Scripture see p. 87 88. A Martyrology in Verse published by Dacherius Some Letters Works lost or in Manuscript only Commentaries upon the Proverbs Ecclesiastes and S. Paul's Epistles A Martyrology and Penitential Supposititious or uncertain VVorks The Lives of several Saints A Martyrology A Penitential Collections out of the Fathers An Exposition of Job A Commentary upon S. Paul's Epistles Several Sermons JOHN Patriarch of Constantinople A genuine Work A Letter to Pope Constantine AGATHO the Deacon A genuine Work A Memoir composed by this Deacon GERMANUS the Patriarch A genuine Work A Treatise upon the Burial of our Lord in Verse published by Gretzer Works lost A Treatise about lawful Retaliation of which Photius gives us some extracts A Treatise of Synods Supposititious Works made by another later German A Book called Theoria or Speculation Four Sermons upon the Virgin Two Sermons upon the Cross. A Sermon upon the Virgin 's Girdle BONIFACE of Mentz A genuine Work Several Letters Dubious or supposititious Works The Life of S. Livinus The Statutes of Boniface A Work last A Treatise upon the Unity of the Faith GREGORY II. Genuine Works Fifteen Letters A Memoir containing diverse Instructions GREGORY III. A genuine Work Seven Letters A spurious Work A Collection of Canons ZACHARY A genuine Work Sixteen Letters A supposititious Work The seventeenth and eighteenth Letters ANDREAS CRETENSIS Genuine Works Seventeen Panegyricks An Homily upon the Nativity of the Virgin and another upon the beheading of S. John Dubious Works A Commentary upon the Revelation Odes and Proses for Festivals ANASTASIUS A supposititious Work A Treatise against the Jews EGBERT Archbishop of York A Genuine Work His Penitential Spurious Works Several extracts of his Penitential A Treatise of the Life of Clergymen S. JOHN DAMASCENE Genuine VVorks Four Books of the Orthodox Faith Other dogmatical Treatises of which we have a Catalogue p. 102. Three Orations concerning Images A discourse about Prayer for the Dead A Treatise upon this Question Wherein consisteth the Likeness of Man with God A Treatise of the Last Judgment A Treatise of Heresies Parallels Sermons Several Hymns Such of them as are in Greek see p. 103. VVorks lost See a Catalogue of them p. 104. Supposititious VVorks Two Letters about the Mass and Consecration The History of Barlaam Some Hymns CHRODEGAND Bishop of Metz. A genuine VVork A Rule for the Regular Clergy STEVEN II. Genuine VVorks Six Letters His Answers to the Questions of the Monks of Bretigny WILLIBALD A genuine VVork The Life of S. Boniface of Mentz JOHN Patriarch of Jerusalem A dubious VVork The Life of S. John Damascene GOTTESCHALLCUS A genuine VVork The Life of S. Lambert Bishop of Leige AMBROSIUS AUTPERTUS Genuine VVorks A Commentary upon the Revelation attributed to S. Ambrose and perhaps his Commentary upon the Psalms and Canticles The Book of the Opposition between Virtues and Vices in S. Austin The Lives of S. Paldon Taton and Tason Works lost A. Treatise of Concupiscence Several Homilies PAUL I. A genuine Work Several Letters inserted in the Caroline Code STEVEN III. A genuine Work Three Letters ADRIAN I. Genuine Works Several Letters to the Kings of France which are in the Caroline Code Letters about Images in the Acts of the Council of Nâ—ce relating to the Caroline Book A Letter to Tilpin related by Flodoardus A Collection of Canons dedicated to Ingilram Bishop of Metz. PAUL of Aquileia Genuine Works The History of the Lombards The History of the Bishops of Metz. The Lives of S. Arnoldus the Martyr S. Cyprian S. Benedict S. Maurus and S. Scholastica and S. Gregory Lessons for all the Days of the Year The Hymn Ut queant Laxis Works lost A Commentary upon S. Benedict's Rule Some Homilies CHARLES the Great Genuine Works Several Capitularies made by his Orders Several Letters written by his Command The four Caroline Books about Images A Letter against the Error of Felix Urgelitanus ALCUINUS Genuine Works Questions upon Genesis An Exposition upon the Penitential and 118 Psalms A treatise of the Use of the Psalms A Liturgy A Letter upon the Canticles A Commentary upon Ecclesiastes and the Gospel of S. John A treatise of the Trinity A Letter about Time and Eternity A treatise of the Soul Seven Books against Felix Orgelitanus A Letter to Elipandus and a Reply to his Answer divided into four Books Several Letters A Confession of Faith An Homily upon the Purification Twenty six Letters A spurious Work His Book of Divine Service ETHERIUS A genuine Work Two Books against Elipandus PAULINUS Genuine Works A small Tract and three other Books against Elipandus A treatise of wholesome Instructions among S. Austin's Works Works lost A Letter to Heistulphus of which we have only a Fragment A Fragment of another Treatise in M. Baluzius's Vol. 1. of Miscell THEODULPHUS Bishop of Orleans A Capitulary for the Instruction of the Priests of his Diocess containing forty six Articles A treatise about Baptism to Magnus Some Poems LEO III. A genuine Work Thirteen Letters TARASIUS Genuine Works An Apology for his Election Three Letters ELIAS CRETENSIS A genuine Work A Commentary upon the Orations of S. Gregory Nazianzen GEORGIUS SYNCELLUS A genuine Work His Chronicon A Table of the Acts Letters and Canons of the Councils held in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries The Conference at Worcester THe Acts related by Bede in the second Book of his History The Council of Challon Some Memoirs The Council of Toledo under Gondemar An Act to make Toledo a Metropolis The Council of Egara A Decree made in it about Celibacy Council V. of Paris Fifteen Canons confirmed by the Edict of Clotarius A Council held in France about the same time Fifteen Canons The Council of Sevil. Some Acts containing twelve Decrees The Council of Rheims under Sonnatius 25
Canons the Extracts of which are related by Flodoardus Council IV. of Toledo A Confession of Faith and 74 Canons Council V. of Toledo 9 Canons Council VI. of Toledo A Confession of Faith and 18 Canons Council VII of Toledo 6 Canons A Council in the Lateran under Martin I. 5 Actions or Sessions in Greek and Latin A Circular Letter of this Popes Council III. of Constantinople which was the Sixth General The Emperor's Letter to Dionysius and George The Letter of Mansuetus Bishop of Milan and a Confession of Faith The Acts containing 17 Acts or Sessions The Council's Letters to Agatho The Emperor's Edict and His Letter to Leo II. and the Bishops of the Roman Council The Council of Challon 39 Canons Council VIII of Toledo King Recesuind's Letter The Acts which contain 12 Canons A Decree about the King's Revenue Recesuind's Edict The Jews Petition and Remonstrance Council IX of Toledo A Preface and 17 Canons Council X. of Toledo 7 Canons and a Decree against a Bishop who had Married A Conference in Northumberland The Acts of this Conference The Council of Merida 22 Canons The Council of Autun A Constitution concerning Monks A Council at Hereford 10 Canons Council XI of Toledo 15 Canons Council IV. of Braga 8 Canons Council XII of Toledo 13 Canons Council XIII of Toledo 13 Canons Council XIV of Toledo The Acts of the Council containing an Exposition of the Faith Council XV. of Toledo The Acts about the difficult Places in the preceeding Confession The Council of Sarragosa 5 Canons Council XVI of Toledo A Memoir of King Egica and 13 Canons Council XVII of Toledo A Memoir of Egica and 8 Canons The Council called Quinisext or in Trullo 102 Canons The Council of Barkamsted 25 Ecclesiastical Constitutions Councils held about the Business of Wilfrid The History of the Acts of these Councils recited by divers Authors The Council of Rome under Gregory II. 17 Canons A German Council under Carlomannus 7 Canons The Council of Lessines 4 Canons and Form of Abjuration A Memoir or Instruction about prohibited Marriages The Council of Rome under Zachary 13 Canons The Council of Soissons 10 Canons Council II. of Rome under Zachary The Acts of this Council The Council of Cloveshaw 30 Canons The Council of Verbery 21 Canons The Council of Verneuil 30 Canons The Council of Metz. 9 Canons The Council of Compaigne 21 Canons Several other Councils of France under Charles the Great The Constitutions of this Council are in the Capitularies of this Prince The Councils of Constantinople against Images The Acts of this Council are inserted in the sixth Action of the second Council of Nice Council II. of Nice The Acts of this Council in Greek and Anastasius's Translation 22 Canons The Council of Norhumberland 20 Canons The Council of Aquileia 14 Canons The Council of Ratisbone We have nothing of this Council A Council in Italy against Felix A Letter of this Council The Council of Frankfort A Letter of this Council against Felix 56 Canons The Council of Rome under Leo III. Some Fragments of these Acts. The Council at Aix-la-Chapelle We have none of its Acts. A Table of the Works of the Ecclesiastical Writers of the Seventh and Eighth Centuries disposed according to the Order of the Matters contained in them Treatises of Religion against the Pagans Jews and Sarazens TWO Books of S. Isidore against the Jews A Treatise of Julian of Toledo against the Jews A Dialogue between a Christian and a Sarazen by S. John Sarazen Upon the whole Body of Divinity Isidore's Origens A Manuscript Treatise of Taio S. J. Damascene's treatise of the Orthodox Faith Upon the Trinity Five Dialogues of S. Maximus S. J. Damascene's Trisagion A treatise of Alcuin upon the Trinity Upon the Incarnation and particularly upon the two wills Honoâ—ius Letters to Sergius Sophronius's Letter Honorius's Apology for John IV. Some of S. Martin's Letters Several Treatises of S. Maximus Some of his Letters Theodorus of Ratthu's Treatise upon the Incarnation Agatho's Letter S. Leo II. and S. Benedict II. Letters Several Treatises of S. John Damascene The Acts of the Councils of Lateran Constantinople and Toledo Of the Incarnation against Felix Orgelitanus Charles the Great 's Letter 7 Books of Alcuin against Felix Orgelitanus His Letter to Elipandus Four Books of Reply to that Bishop's Answer 2 Letters of Etherius against Elipandus A small Tract of Paulinus of Aquileia Three Books against the same Person The Council of Frankfort Upon the Soul and Man's End S. Maximus's Treatise of the Soul Julian of Toledo's Prognosticks in 3 Books A treatise of Prayer for the Dead by S. John Damascene as also of the last Judgment Alcuin's treatise of the Soul Upon Images Pope Gregory II's Letters Damascene's Orations of Images Adrian Germanus and Tarasius's Letters The Acts of the Council of Constantinople against and of Nice for Images The Caroline Books The Council of Frankfort The Council of Paris and Letters in their Name Of the perpetual Virginity of Mary A treatise made by Ildephonsus of Toledo Works of Discipline Isidore's two Books of Offices Some of his Letters S. Columbanus's Penitential and Letters Cuminus's Penitential and paschal Letter Philoponus's treatise of Easter S. Maximus's Mystagogy His Calandar for Easter Vitalian's Letters Marculphus's Formula's Theodorus of Canterbury's Capitula Ceolfridus's Letter to Naitan about Easter Adelmus's treatise Cresconius's Collection of Canons Paul of Aquileia's Book of Lessons Charles the Great 's Capitularies Letters and Laws Alcuin's Letters His Liturgy of the Church Two Books of Divine Services falsly attributed to him A Fragment of Paulinus's Letter Theodulphus of Orleans's Capitulary A Treatise upon Baptism Canons of Councils Popes Letters Critical Works upon the Bible S. Isidore of Sevil's Prolegomena John of Thessalonica Gregory and Modesius's Homilies upon the Women who embalmed Jesus Christ. Bede's Treatise of the Hebrew Names His Questions upon the Scripture German's Treatise upon our Lord's Burial Alcuin's Treatise upon the use of the Psalms Commentaries upon Scripture S. Isidore's Notes upon the Octateuch His allegorical Notes upon the same Philoponus's Book upon the Hexameron Bede's Explication of the first 3 Chapters of Genesis and Comment on the Pentateuch Hesychius's Commentary on Leviticus His Allegory upon the Ark. Alcuin's Comment on Genesis S. Maximus's Questions to Thalassius's 79 Answers to the same His Exposition of Psalm 19. Bede's Questions on the Books of Kings His allegorical Explications of the Books of Kings and Tobit His Commentary on the Psalms and Proverbs Alcuin's Exposition of the 118th and the Penitential Psalms His Commentary on Ecclesiastes Upon the Canticles S. Isidore's allegorical Comment Aponius and Bede's Commentary Alcuin's Letter Upon the New Testament Bede's Commentary on the Gospels Canonical Epistles and Revelation Alcuin's Comment on S. John's Gospel Andreas Cretensis's upon the Revelation Ambrose Autpertus on the same Book Historical Works Isidore's Chronicon and History of the Gothâ— His Abridgment of the History of the Goths and Vandals
reserved to the Holy See which maintains the Rights of other Churches without lessening its own This Letter of Pope Nicholas's is dated April 2. Indict 14. anno 866. Hincmarus at the same time wrote a Letter to Herard Arch-Bishop of Tours and to other Arch-Bishops that were to be at that Council and prayed King Charles the Bald to call it together This Prince answered that he would cause the Council to be holden but withall that he had designed to make Wulfadus Arch-Bishop of Bourges in the place of Rodolphus who was lately dead that he had been chosen by the Bishops and People of the Diocess but that he dare not let him be Ordained before his restoration till he had written to him about it that he desired he might be Ordained Priest and then Bishop or if he would not do it till the Synod was met that he would permit the Government of that Church to be left to him The Pope wrote to this Prince that he should not do any thing concerning Wulfadus till his Cause was Examined and Judged in the Synod This Synod therefore met in Aug. 866. Hincmarus Arch-Bishop of Reims presented Four Petitions The Council of Soissons 866. or Memoirs to it in his own defence In the first he shews that Wulfadus and those that had been Ordained by Ebbo after his Deposition were declared deprived of their Holy Orders by the Judgment of a Council of 5 Provinces and by the Judges they themselves had pitched upon That afterward he had himself by the Order of the Council given an Account of the Matter at Rome and that the Judgment of the Synod had been confirmed there by Pope Benedict and also Nicolas That he did not envy the Happiness of these Clerks in the least That he was troubled they were degraded after such a manner and wished they might be restored but he neither dare nor could do it after the Judgment of the Synod it being expressly forbidden by the Canons and Decretals of the Popes who had several times declared that they could not themselves annul the Canons made by the Councils and approved by their Predecessors The Second Memoir concerns the Person of Ebbo Hincmarus proves by the Popes Letters that Ebbo owned his Crime and was deposed by 44 Bishops whose Judgment was afterward confirmed and approved by Pope Sergius who had ordered him to content himself with a Lay-Communion and since he was not afterward Canonically restored he ought not to be looked upon as a Bishop after his Condemnation and that at this time it ought not in the least to be questioned because this Judgment being passed in 835 he had a prescription of above 30 years against him They alledged that notwithstanding his Deposition he had continued to execute his Episcopal Function to his Death Hincmarus replies that this unwarrantable Action was of no use to him and that the number of those that approved it could not justifie his Carriage which was so opposite to the Laws of the Church That it was contrary to all the Canonical Rules for him to exercise all the Offices of a Bishop in the Church of Maience for the Canons do not permit in any case whatsoever a Bishop who is deprived of his own Diocess to exercise the Expiscopal Function in another Hincmarus then shews that his own Ordination was Canonical and Lawful saying that after the Deposition of Ebbo Fulcus took care of the Church of Reims for 9 years in which time Ebbo did not claim his Dignity again nor make any opposition to him That Noto had done the same for a year and a half without any demand of restoration from Ebbo That as for himself he was afterward Ordained in the Synod of the Province of Reims held at Beauvais being desired by the People and Clergy of the City and by the Bishops of the Province and that he was Consecrated by his Arch-Bishop Bishop and by the Bishops of the Province with the consent of the Abbot and Monks of the Monastery of which he was a Member That he was put in possession of it without any opposition from any Man That his Ordination was approved by the Bishops of France who wrote about it to Pope Sergius and confirmed by an Edict of King Charles the Bald. That all these Acts were sent to Leo IV. Sergius being dead in the mean time That Lotharius himself having in vain sollicited Pope Sergius to have Ebbo restored agreed to his Ordination That the Holy See had allowed it and Leo IV. had granted him the Pall and had writ to him several Letters That Pope Benedict and Pope Nicolas had confirmed him by granting him his Priviledges Lastly That he was not obliged to enter into any dispute about it with any Man since Nicolas had not required of him an Account of his Ordination of him Lastly having confirmed that which had passed in the Affair of the Clerks Ordained by Ebbo it belonged to the Bishops to direct what they thought just and regular to satisfie the Pope That as for himself he would not oppose what they did That if it were necessary he would explain the Business more at large and would shew them the Reasons why they suspended these Clerks at the Synod of Meaux and degraded them quite in the Council of Soissons Then he presented to the Synod the Acts of the Council of Soissons with those of the Synod of Bourges and the Priviledges of the Popes Benedict and Nicolas Hincmarus also presented a 3d Petition in which after he had set down such Canons and Passages in the Popes Letters as made it appear that sometimes Clemency had been used towards them whose Ordinations were dubious he consented for Peace sake and to satisfie the Pope that some gentle Method might be found out to receive and promote to Holy Orders those who had been Ordained by Ebbo yet with a due care that this fact might not prejudice the Canons of the Church nor the Judgment given against them and against Ebbo The Fourth Memoir of Hincmarus was presented to the Council but not read for fear of offending some Persons in the Council It shews That it was against his will that he was forced to declare that Wulfadus after he had been condemned by the Council of Soissons without the consent of the Bishops of that Council without any authority from the Holy See and without consulting the Church of Reims had left the Province wherein he was Baptized had received the Tonsure of a Clerk and had executed the Office of a Reader to go into the Church of Langres which was then vacant that he might be Ordained a Bishop there That he had possessed himself of the Revenues of that Church which according to the Council of Chalcedon ought to have been kept by the Stâ—ward for the next Bishop That having been removed by the Order of the Synod he had made an Oath that he would never attempt the like again nor undertake any Ecclesiastical
Function for the future That he had delivered this Declaration in Writing in the presence of Pardulus Bishop of Laon Gontbertus Bishop of Eureux and Aeneas Bishop of Paris before the King and several Judges chosen by the Synod That an Oath and Declaration had been required of him as the Popes had decreed to prevent a change of his resolution And that it was for the same cause that he had desired Pope Nicolas to confirm the Judgment given against him in the Council of Soissons which had been already confirmed by his Predecessor Benedict That he did not say this out of Malice or with a design to do Wulfadus any Injury nor to hinder the effect of the Popes good will towards him but only to inform the Council fully of what had passed in that Affair After so full an Information the Bishops of the Council were of the Opinion that the Synod of Soissons had judged rightly That Hincmarus had good reason not to restore these Clerks in contempt of the Decrees of that Council That they might nevertheless be restored without injuring the Authority of the Council of Soissons confirmed by the Holy See by granting them to continue in their Orders by Favour and Dâ—spensation and so succeed the Bishops when they died But they thought it not convenient for them to do it by their own Authority and judged it best for the Pope to do it by his Wherefore they wrote to him and assured him that they had followed and executed his Orders and that it might not be thought that they had revoked what was decreed in the Council of Soissons Herardus Arch-Bishop of Tours made a solemn Protestation in the Council in all their Names that they would never alter their Opinion but only would consent that the Judgment which had been given in strictness of Justice might by a merciful Charity be moderated and sweetned Seven Archbishops were at this Council viz. Hincmarus of Reims Remigius of Lyons Trotarius of Bourdeaux Herardus of Tours Wenilo of Rouen Egilo of Sens and Liutbert of Maience and 28 Bishops of France among whom was Rothadus Bishop of Soissons who Subscribed the Letter sent to the Pope about the Affair of Wulfadus and his Fellows Hincmarus wrote in his own Name to Pope Nicolas to excuse himself that he had not immediately restored those Clerks because he dare not Disannul what had been done in a Synod of five Provinces but that he had submitted to the Synod as he order'd him and had consented to the Accommodation that his Brethren had found out agreeable to the Canons of the Council of Nice made concerning those who had been Ordained by Meletius That he did not conceive it necessary for him to send a Deputy in his stead since Egilo went in the Name of the Council and the Pope had not enjoined him to come to Rome or send his Deputies unless there were an Appeal from the Judgment of the Synod either on his own part or Wulfadus's He beseeches him to confirm what the Council had done and assures him that he wished no ill to Wulfadus and other Clerks Ordained by Ebbo who were but nine in all as well Canons and Monks as City and Country Clergymen Charles the Bald wrote also a Letter to the Pope in which he commends Hincmarus for his Obedience approves the Method which the Council had taken to refer the Restoration of Wulfadus to the Pope and gives him notice that he had in the mean time left the Care of the Church of Bourges to him The King also desired of the Bishops of this Council to Crown his Queen Hermintruda which was granted him and the Ceremony was performed by them at the same time in the Church of S. Medardus Egilo Archbishop of Sens was sent with these Letters the Acts of the Council and a Petition sent by Hincmarus which is not met withal among his Works in which he gives the Sum of all that he had alledged in the Council concerning the Deposition of Ebbo and recites several Authorities out of the Popes Letters to shew that he ought not to blame or condemn what has been done against that Archbishop nor Annul the Judgâ—ment given against Wulfadus or the Clerks Ordained by Ebbo but only restore them by an Act of Grace Pope Nicolas being desirous to Disannul all that had been done in the first Council of Soissons was P. Nicolas's Letter about the Judgment of the Council of Soissons not at all pleased with this Judgment but returned a large Answer to the Bishops in which he much blames the Transactions of that Council and says That the Acts of it are full of Falsities and that they were never Confirmed at Rome after a full knowledge of the Cause That Pope Leo his Predecessor had ordered that the Matter should be re-examined and for that end sent his Legat to be present at the Tryal but it was never Executed and Pope Benedicts Confirmation was obtain'd by surprize by Hincmarus and by a false relation of it and besides 't was not Definitive or without a Reserve That he had advised Hincmarus to receive those Clerks and in case he would not he commanded that a Synod should do it That he was mightily pleased that there was no difference in the Council but they had unanimously agreed to restore Wulfadus and the other Clerks That all he complained of was that since they had left their Restoration to him they had not given him a full account of that Affair and all that concerned it That they ought to have made a Declaration at large of all the circumstance of Ebbo's Deposition and Restoration of his second Deprivation and Translation to another Church That he wished they had done it in that Cause and would do it in all others about which he should order a Council to be held He approved of Hincmarus's submission but could not but smile at his assertion That 't was not he that had suspended them or declared them fallen from the Orders since he knew what he had done in his Province against them and how eagerly he had Prosecuted that Affair at Rome He subjoins That the Matter being not sufficiently cleared or examined he could not pass his definitive Sentence upon it but because these Clerks were Deposed contrary to the Canons they ought to be restored and resettled for the present till Hincmarus can produce what he hath against them and prove that they have been lawfully Deposed He complains That they had made one of those Clerks a Bishop at the same time that they pretended to leave the Judgment of the Matter to him and declares That he will not yield to his Ordination till the thing is ended Lastly In the Business of Ebbo he says That 't is no wonder that Pope Sergius would not receive him to his Communion because he was Condemned and had not Appealed to the H. See about his Condemnation nor had his Cause been fully discovered to him or
the Pope subscribed by Ignatius and the other under the Pope's Name to Photius Whence he took occasion to Impeach Ignatius for keeping Correspondence in the West and Writing thither against the Emperour Whereupon Ignatius was Apprehended who remained in Custody till the Letter-bearer was manifestly proved to be an Ill Man and an Impostor After this he had some Respit till Bardas frighted by a Dream in which he saw the Patriarch imploring the Pope's Assistance against him kept him under so strict a Guard that he could not so much as say Mass or speak to any Man At last Bardas was slain in April Anno 866. by the Emperour's Order who set up Basilius Caesar in his place the 26th following being Whitsunday Photius resolved to be revenged of the Pope exasperated as much as in him lay the Emperour The Council of Photius against the Pope against him and perswaded him to call a Council in order to Condemn the Pope as the Pope had Condemned him He Summoned to Constantinople all the Bishops of his Patriarchate and set up others who pretended themselves to be sent as Deputies from the other Patriarchs Pope Nicholas was Accused before this Council his Deposition pronounced and his Person Excommunicated This done Photius sollicited the Emperour Lewis King of Italy and the Princess Ingelberg to declare themselves against the Pope promising to procure him the Imperial Crown of the East should they but Expel that Pope from his See The Acts of this Council he sent into the West by Zachary But soon after this Michael the Emperour was slain by Basilius his Order who thereupon was Declared Emperour Sept. 23d 867. The first Thing Basilius did after he had settled himself upon the Throne was the Explusion of Ignatius Re-instated Photius and Restauration of Ignatius He sent Orders for Zachary to Return banished Photius into a Monastery sent for Ignatius to Constantinople and Reinstated him in his See Novemb. 23d in the same Year This is Observable in the Life of this Patriarch that he came now into his Church whilst the Priest Offering the Sacrifice was Singing these Words in the Quire Giving Thanks unto the Lord. Ignatius being in Possession of his See Excommunicated presently Photius those that had been Ordained by him all his Followers and such as held Communion with him He likewise begged of the Emperour that he would Summon a General Council to remedy those Evils the Church did lie under And several Deputies were immediately dispatched to the Pope at Rome John Bishop of Pergos from Ignatius Peter of Sardis from Photius and an Officer Named Basilius from the Emperour Peter of Sardis perished by a Ship-wrack in the Gulf of Dalmatia the other two had better luck and came safe to Rome Where they found Pope Nicholas dead and Adrian raised into his Place who received them very graciously They shewed him the Acts of the Councils held by Photius against Ignatius and Pope Nicholas I. Adrian called a Synod which Condemned them to be Burnt and Excommunicated Photius a second time Next he presented to them two Bishops by Name Donatus and Stephen for his Legates to Act in his Name in the Council to be held at Constantinople This Council was Summoned by Basilius the Emperour in the Third year of his Reign and the Second of that of Constantine Ind. 3. Anno 869. of the Common Account They met in the The Council of Constantinople being the VIII General Council Church of S. Sophia on the right side where the Catechumeni were commonly instructed In the midst of the Assembly were placed the Holy Gospels with a Cross. It began the Fifth of October and ended the last day of February following During which time they had Ten distinct Sessions As to the Number of Bishops assisting thereat it vary'd very much At first it consisted onely of the Pope's Legates viz. Donatus Bishop of Ostia Stephen Bishop of Nepi and Marinus a Deacon Thomas Arch-bishop of Tyre representing the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Ignatius Patriarch of Constantinople With them did 12 Bishops sit by their Order who had firmly adhered to Ignatius his Cause and Interest In the Second Session they admitted Ten Bishops who begged Pardon for having sided with Photius The Third consisted onely of 23 Bishops and the Fourth of 21. In the Fifth there was Two Metropolitans to wit of Ephesus and Cyzicus who had not been in the former but on the other side some of the Bishops that had been in the former did not appear in this The Sixth consisted of Thirty seven Bishops their Number increasing as the Bishops that had stood for Photius came in and subscribed a Writing whereby they rejected him and owned Ignatius The next Two were not more numerous But the Ninth at which Joseph was present as Deputy from the Patriarch of Alexandria was composed of above 60 Bishops and the last of above â—00 who all subscribed to the Decisions of the Council At all their Sittings there were Senators Noblemen and Officers of the Emperour with Bahanes at the head of them who spoke to the Bishops in the Name of all The Emperour was there in Person at the Sixth Seventh and Eighth Sessions Constantine came thither with him at the Ninth at which were present also Anastasius the Library-Keeper and Eberard as Ambassadors from Lewis Emperour of Italy besides Two Ambassadours from the King of Bulgaria Almost all the Bishops were of Asia Thracia and Greece The first time they sat was October the 5th The Pope's Legates Ignatius Patriarch of Constantinople a Deputy from the Patriarch of Jerusalem Thomas Metropolitan of Tyre representing the Patriarch of Antioch that See being then Vacant and the Noblemen being met they sent for the Bishops in who had been persecuted for the Cause of Ignatius being 12 in Number viz. Five Metropolitans of Greece and Seven Bishops who accordingly took their places in the Council Then Bahanes the Chief of the Noblemen Read aloud the Emperour's Exhortation to the Council wherein he declared That having purposed to put an end to the Differences that troubled the Peace of the Church he had sent for Legates from the Bishop of Rome and Deputies from the other Patriarchs to hold an Oecumenical Council that he exhorted the Bishops to come with a Spirit of Peace and to seek out Remedies for the present Evils Whereupon Bahanes turning to the Pope's Legates desired them in the Bishop's Name to declare unto them whence they came and what Power they had They answered That it was never done before in any Synod to examine the Power of the Pope's Legates To which Bahanes reply'd That what he did was not for want of Respect to the Holy Apostolick See but because the late Legates Radoaldus and Zachary had deceived them by abusing their Power This Reason being allowed of they presented the Pope's Letter to the Emperour which was Read in Latin by Marinus the Deacon one of the Legates and turned into Greek by Damian
Ferrara as he himself tells us in the Preface to his Collection of Maxims and Things remarkable taken out of the Holy Fathers and other ancient Writers dedicated to Hildebald Bishop of Auxerre of which we have only the Preface in Tom. 7. of Mabillon's Analect Besides this Work he composed two Books in Prose concerning the Miracles of S. German Bishop of Auxerre printed by F. Labbe in the first Tome of Biblioth MSS. Six Books also in Verse containing the Life of Caesarius undertaken by the order of Lotharius the younger and dedicated to Carolus Calus printed at Paris in 1543. Octavo with the Poem of Marius Victorinus upon Genesis He undertook to compose an History of the Bishop of Auxerre with Rainogalus and Alogius Canons of that Church He made also many Homilies of which we have three among the Homilies of Paulus Diaconus Anscharius a Monk of Corby the Apostle of Denmark and those Northern Countries and after made Bishop of Hamburg and Breme hath written the Life of Willihadus first Bishop of Anscharius a Monk of Corby Breme which was printed at Antwerp in 1642. and in the 2d part of F. Mabillon's Saec. Bened. III. Anscharius went into Denmark in 836. and was made Bishop of Hamburg in 842. and the Bishoprick of Breme was added to it in 849. He died in 865. Anscharius's Psalter is extant in Cranzius Metrop l. 1. c. 42. but his Epistles of which he wrote many are lost Rudulphus or Rudolphus a Scholar of Rabanus a Priest and Monk of Fulda the Preacher and Confessor to Lewis King of Germany passed for a very learned Man for his time In the Annals Rudolphus a Monk of Fulda of Fulda he hath given him the Title of an excellent Historian and Poet and of a Man very well vers'd in all humane Sciences He writ the Lives of Rabanus and S. Lioba Abbesni of Priscofhten which are in F. Mabillon's Saec. Benedict and in Surius and Bollandus's Acts of the Lives of the Saints The last of these Lives was composed out of the Records and Collections of a Priest named Mago who had conversed with four of the Scholars of S. Lioba viz. Agatha Thecla Nana and Eoliba This Author died in 865. Iso a Monk of S. Gallus Alfridus Bishop of Munster and Orthegrinus a Monk of Werthin Ermentarius Abbot of Noicmantier Iso a Monk of S. Gallus wrote about the year 860. two Books containing the Lives and Miracles of S. Othmarus Abbot of S. Gallus which are also put out in Tom. II. Saec. Ben. III. He died in 871. Alfridus and Orthegrinus of which the first was Bishop of Munster and the other a Monk of Werthin have each of them written the Life of S. Ludgerus the first Bishop of Munster They are both printed in the Saec. Benedict Alfridus was the third Bishop of Munster after Ludgerus succeeding to Jeffrey the Nephew of this Saint in 839. and died in 849. Orthegrinus or Hildegrinus wrote before him Ermentarius Abbot of Noicmontier wrote an History of the Translation of the Body of S. Philibert which the Monks of that Abbey were forced to carry into several places to keep it from the burning of the Normans 'T is published by F. Chiffletius and since by F. Mabillon Milo called Sigebert a Monk of S. Amandus hath composed in Verse the Life of that Milo a Monk of S Amandus Saint and a Treatise of Sobriety dedicated to King Charles We have this Life of Amandus divided into 4 parts with a Supplement to another Life of the same Saint and the History of the Translation of his Relicks in the Acts of Bollandus Surius hath published an Homily under his Name upon the Life of Principius Bishop of Soissons F. Audin hath published a piece in Verse of this Author's which is a Dialogue between the Spring and Winter He died in 872. Voss. de Hist Lat. and is buried in his Monastery His Epitaph celebrates him for the Author of his Treatise of Sobriety and Life of Amandus Aimonius of whom we are speaking in this Paragraph is a different Person from the Author Aimonius a Monk of S. German de Prez of the History of France This last was a Monk of S. German de Prez the other was the Abbot of Fleury The one wrote at the end of the 9th Age and the other at the beginning of the 11th This of whom we are speaking hath described the Finding and Translation of the Body of S. Vincent and made two Books upon the Miracles of S. German Bishop of Paris A Book upon the Translation of the Martyrs S. George the Monk S. Aurelius and S. Natalia and two Books of their Miracles These Works are printed by F. Mabillon in Saec. Benedict 33 and 4. and in other Collections viz. Surius July 25. c. We must distinguish the two Abbo's as well as the two Aimonius's The first was a Monk Abbo a Monk of S. German de Prez of S. German de Prez or de Pratis as well as the first Aimonius and lived at the same time with him the other was co-temporary with the second Aimonius and a Monk of the same Abby of Fleury This last is the Author of a Poem divided into two Books containing the History of the Siege of Paris by the Normans in 886 and 887. This Work is dedicated to Goscelinus not the Bishop of Paris but a Deacon of the same name and hath been printed several times in the Collections of the French Historians He hath a third Book which is not yet printed This Author hath made some Sermons which are in MS. at S. German de Prez of which F. Dacherius hath chosen out 5. and printed them in Tom. 9. Spicil with an Advertisement to the Reader in which he says That he made these Sermons at the request of Frotarius Bishop of Poictiers and Fulradus Bishop of Paris That the Clergy might make use of them to instruct the ignorant Laity Four of these Sermons are upon Holy Thursday In them Abbo observes That this was the day on which Jesus Christ celebrated the Passover with his Disciples and gave them the sacred Memorials of his Body and Blood That the Bishops consecrate the Holy Oyl and the Altars and the Pavements of the Churches are washed and those Penitents absolved and received to Communion who had been excommunicated at the beginning of Lent And upon this last Point it is that he chiefly enlarges in those Sermons exhorting the Penitents to turn unto God with all their Hearts that they may receive the benefit of Absolution to renounce their Sins and lead a Christian Life for the future The third is addressed to the Penitents before their Asolution He comforts them under the delays of Absolution telling them That the Bishop can't absolve them till they have performed their Pennance and shewed a real sorrow for their Sins Nullus est certe Episcopus qui possit absolutionem dare nisi post poenitentiam factam
the account of his being a Retainer to the King Lotharius his Uncle he had engag'd himself for the Fidelity of Arnulphus that he might be made Archbishop of Rheims in hopes that he would not let him suffer any prejudice for this Act of Kindness That Arnulphus was so far from making his due acknowledgments that he had begun to persecute his Friends and had put him in danger of his Life that he had to no purpose warranted that he would not break the Oath of Fidelity which he had taken to King Hugh that there was sufficient Evidence of his Treachery because the Authors of that Rebellion were his most intimate Friends and such as he esteem'd very highly As to that which was alledg'd that care ought to be taken that the Offender should not lose his Life he answer'd that there was no need to fear any such thing under Princes so merciful as theirs were but that it was more to be fear'd whilst they endeavour'd after the Safety of one Man that the whole Ecclesiastical Order would be expos'd to danger At last it was concluded that the Priest who had deliver'd up the Gates of the City to Duke Charles should be brought in Whilst they staid for his coming they read over the Oath of Fidelity which Arnulphus had taken to King Hugh and King Robert Afterwards the Priest nam'd Adalger appearing declar'd that it was Arnulphus who gave him the Keys of the City Gates with orders to deliver them up to Duke Charles After this Evidence was given they read the Decree which Arnulphus had made against those who made an unlawful Seizure of the Revenue of the Church of Rheims which prov'd that himself was Excommunicated because he was the Author of that Depredation and went shares with thóse who committed it To this was joyn'd the Sentence of the Bishops of the Province of Rheims pass'd at Senlis much about the time wherein they began to suspect Arnulphus of Treason After the reading of these Papers and the Canons of the Council of Carthage against Persons Excommunicated who partake of the Sacrament and against Bishops who do any thing contrary to the Oath which they have taken in their Ordination leave was given to all who were minded to vindicate Arnulphus to say freely what they could in his behalf The Clergy of his own Church would neither accuse nor defend him But John Scholasticus of Auxerre Ranulphus Abbot of Sens and Abbo Superior of the Monastery of Flewry undertook to defend him and produc'd a great many Passages extracted out of the false Decretals of the Ancient Popes to prove that Arnulphus ought to be re-establisht before they proceeded to judge him and that they might not judge him till he had been cited several times and the Holy See made acquainted with the Business It was answer'd them that he had sufficient Notice given him That they ought not to re-establish him till he had receiv'd such a Sentence as declar'd him Absolv'd since he had been already Condemn'd That Hildemare Bishop of Beauvais and Abbo Archbishop of Rheims charg'd with the same Crime as Arnulphus was had been judg'd by the Synods of the Province That the Holy See had been already inform'd of this Affair by the Letters of King Hugh and of the Bishops of the Province of Rheims which had been carry'd to Rome by Deputies which the Pope at first had pretty well entertain'd but that since Count Hebert had presented his Holiness with a fine white Steed and several other things he deny'd to give them any further Audience The Deputies which Bishop Bruno had sent to Rome for his Releasment added that having requested the Pope to Anathematize those who were guilty of his Confinement the Clerks of the Pope had demanded Mâ—…y of them for it and that they not being willing to give them any on that account the Pope â—â—d told them as his final Answer That the Person for whom he had been Apprehended might release him if he thought fit from whence they concluded that the Holy See did not hinder them from proceeding upon the Spot to the Judgment and Determination of that Affair But they carried the Point higher yet and Arnulphus Bishop of Orleans remonstrated that they might go on in the Trial without waiting for what Rome should say in the Case And after he had made Protestation that all due Respect ought to be paid to the Holy See and its Decisions without offering prejudice to the Canons of the Councils he gave them to understand that there are two things of which great care ought to be taken which were not to permit that the Silence or the new Laws or Institutions of the Popes be any prejudice to the Ancient Laws of the Church Because this would be to overthrow all order and to make every thing depend on the Will and Pleasure of one single Man That this did not derogate any thing of the Privileges of the Pontifex Maximus because if the Bishop of Rome were a Man of Worth for his Learning and his Piety there was no fear of his Silence or of his Altering the Constitutions of the Church That if on the contrary either out of Ignorance or Fear or Passion he should swerve from Justice his Silence and his new Decrees were the less to be fear'd because he who acts contrary to the Laws cannot prejudice the Laws From thence he took an occasion to lament the sad Estate of the Church of Rome and gave a brief account of the Popes from Octavian to Boniface and shew'd his abhorrence of their Irregularities He asked whether Bishops noted for their Sanctity and Piery were oblig'd to submit themselves blindly to such Infamous Monsters who had no Learning neither Divine nor Prophane He complain'd that they should advance to the highest Post of the Church the meer Scuâ— and Refuse of the Clergy Pastors who more deserv'd the name of Walking Statues than of Reasonable Men. Upon default of excellent Popes he was for consulting Metropolitans and took notice that there were a great many such in Gallia Belgiea and in Germany very well skill'd in Matters of Religion and that it was more proper to ask their Opinion if the War which happens between Princes did not hinder it than to go to seek it in that City which at present declares in favour of him who gives most and weighs its Judgments by the Number of Crowns which are presented He adds that if any one should alledge with Pope Gelaâ—… that the Church of Rome is the Judge of all Churches and can be judg'd by none this is a Proposition which the African Bishops would not consent to and which could not be true at this tim wherein there was scarce one at Rome who had so much as studied Humane Learning if common Fame were to be credited therein That Ignorance was more excusable in other Bishops than in the Bishop of Rome who ought to be Judge of the Faith of the Life of the
and her Poetical Pieces were printed together at Nuremburg in 1501. by Conradus Celta REGINALDUS Bishop of Eichstadt REginaldus who in the year 975. succeeded Starband kill'd by the Hungarians at Augsburgh in the Reginaldus Bishop of Eichstadt Bishoprick of Eichstadt pass'd in his time for a very Learned Man as having attain'd to a considerable Knowledge in the Greek Latin and Hebrew Tongues and more especially in the Art of Musick He wrote the Lives of S. Wilbald and Unnebald with those of S. Nicolas and S. Blasius He was Bishop for the space of Twenty four years Another German Bishop of the same time has given us the Life of S. Hunegonda referr'd by Surius A German Bishop A nameless Author to Aug. 25. and a Nameless Writer made a Narrative of the Translation of S. Epiphanius Bishop of Pavia into Saxony THIERRY Archbishop of Triers THierry Provost of the Church of Mentz and afterwards Archbishop of Trier wrote sometime Thierry Archbishop of Triers before the preceding Authors for he dy'd in the year 970. the Life of S. Lutruda referr'd by Surius to Sept. 22. OTHLO Bishop of Metz. OThlo Monk of Fulda wrote the Life of S. Pyrmin who is suppos'd to have been Bishop of Meaux Othlo Bishop of Metz. or rather Metz. This Life is dedicated to Liudolphus Archbishop of Trier and was publish'd by Brouverus who caus'd it to be printed A. D. 1616. at Mentz with other Lives of the Illustrious Personages of Germany Liudolphus was made Archbishop of Trier in 999. and dy'd in 1008. Therefore Othlo compos'd his Work in the Ninth Century or in the beginning of the Tenth Canisius and Serrarius likewise attribute to him the Life of S. Boniface But Brouverus observes that it is of a different stile UFFING or UFFO Monk of Werthin AT the same time Uffing or rather Uffo of Friesland Monk of Werthin wrote the Life of S. Ludger Uffing or Uffo Monk of Werthin Bishop of Munster which was printed at Cologn the last Century with a Poem of the same Author some attribute to him the Life of S. Ida referr'd by Surius to Sept. 4. Suffridus says that he likewise left the Life of S. Lucius King of England which he affirms to be extant in Manuscript We have the Acts only of very few Councils of Germany in the Tenth Century altho' we have A Council at Coblentz in the year 922. just grounds to suppose that many more were held The first of which any Monument is remaining is a Council held at Coblentz in the year 922. by the order of Charles King of France and Henry King of Germany It was compos'd of Eight Prelates viz. Herman Archbishop of Mentz Heriger Arch-Bishop of Cologn and six other German Bishops and made Eight Canons of which only the First Fifth Sixth Seventh and Eighth remain in our Possession The first forbids Marriage between Relations to the Sixth Generation The Fifth prohibits Laymen who have Chappels from receiving the Tythes of them with their own hands on purpose to put them to profane uses and ordains that the Priests shall receive and use them to the advantage of the Churches and for the maintenance of Hospitals and poor People The Sixth brings the Monks under Subjection to the Jurisdiction and Government of the Bishop The Seventh condemns a Person who sells a Christian for a Slave as guilty of Murder The Eighth forbids those who give any Goods or Revenues to a particular Church to take away the Tythes due upon account of such Revenues to the Church to which they belong'd before The Canons of a Council held at Erfurdt in the year 932. in like manner are still extant with a A Council at Erfurdt A. C. 932. Preface which shews that it was conven'd by the Order of King Henry the First in the Fourteenth year of his Reign and that it was compos'd of the Archbishop of Trier and Twelve Bishops The First of these Canons imports that the Festivals of the Twelve Apostles shall be solemniz'd and that the Fast of the Vigils shall be observ'd according to the ancient Constitutions The Second that no Pleas shall be held in the Courts of Judicature on Sundays Holy-days or Fasting-days It is also added that King Henry prohibited the Judges to Cite any Person before them in the Week preceding the Festival of Christmas that of S. John Baptist and during the whole time of Lent till the Eighth day after Easter In the Third it is forbidden to deliver a Summons or Warrant to those Persons who are going to Church or are there already that they may not be disturb'd in their Devotions The fourth imports that if a Priest be suspected of any Crime and accused before his Bishop he shall be thrice admonish'd to acknowledge his Fault and shall undergo condign Punishment if he be found Guilty unless he prove his Innocence by clearing himself by his own Oath or by that of his Colleagues The Fifth forbids private Persons to impose Fasts without the Consent of the Bishop or his Vicar because many do it to carry on Superstitious Divinations or for other sinister ends rather than out of a Principle of Devotion We have already made mention of the Council of Ingelbeim held in the year 948. in treating of the Contests of Artaldus for obtaining the Archbishoprick of Rheims in regard that it was chiefly assembled upon that account In the year 952. the Emperor Otho the First held at Augsburgh an Assembly of the Bishops of Germany A Council at Augsburgh A. C. 952. France and Italy where the Archbishop of Mentz presided and publish'd Eleven Canons which were approv'd by the other Prelates The First ordains that the Priests Deacons and Subdeacons that marry shall be depos'd according to Chap. 25. of the Council of Carthage The Second is against Clergy-men who keep Dogs and Birds for Hunting and are addicted to that Exercise they are to be suspended from their Functions as long as they persist in such Practices The Third ordains that Bishops Priests and Deacons who spend their time in playing at Games of Chance shall incur the Penalty of being Depos'd unless they renounce such sort of Games The Fourth is against those Clergy-men who keep suspicious Women in their Houses The Fifth prohibits Monks from going our of their Cloisters without the permission of their Abbot The Sixth enjoyns Bishops to take care of the Monasteries of their Respective Diocesses and speedily to Reform the Disorders that are committed in them The Seventh and Eighth forbid them to hinder Clergy-men and Canonesses from embracing the Monastical Life The Ninth prohibits Lay-men from turning out of the Churches those Persons to whom the the Bishops have committed Care of them The Tenth attributes to the Bishop the right of taking Cognizance of the distribution of Tythes And the Eleventh imports that not only the Bishops Priests Deacons and Subdeacons shall lead a single Life but also that the other Clergy shall be
into Heaven or else that the Flesh of CHRIST should be brought down hither neither of which appear'd to be done Lanfrank answers them that this is a Mystery which we ought to believe without inquiring into the manner of it After Lanfrank had answer'd these two Objections he then raises two new Arguments against Berenger The first is that if the Eucharist were call'd the Flesh of JESUS CHRIST only because it is the Figure of it it would from thence follow that the Sacraments of the old Law were more excellent than those of the New because 't is more excellent to be the Type of Things future than to be the Figure of Things past And moreover that the Manna which fell down from Heaven was a more noble Figure than a little Bit of Bread could be The second Argument is the universal Opinion of the Church and the Consent of all Nations If says he to Berenger that which you believe and maintain be True it follows that what the whole Church believes and teaches in all the World must needs be False For all the Christians who are in the World are Persuaded that they receive in the Sacrament the real Body and the real Blood of JESUS CHRIST Ask the Latins the Greeks the Armenians and all the other Nations of the Christian World and they will all unanimously tell you that this is their Faith If the Faith of the universal Church be false you must say that there never has been a Church or else that it is lost But there is not any Catholick who dares to affirm either After he had prov'd this Truth by several Passages of Scripture he adds speaking still to Berenger You and those whom you have deceiv'd object against these plain Testimonies of our Lord and of the Holy Ghost concerning the Perpetuity of the Church that indeed the Gospel has been Preach'd to all Nations that the World has believ'd that the Church is Establish'd that it has increas'd and improv'd but that it afterwards fell into Error by the Ignorance of those who have put a false Gloss upon Tradition and that 't is to be found among you alone This is the usual Answer of Innovators which Lanfrank refutes in a few words The Statutes or Rules of the Order of S. Benedict made for the Monks of England go under Lanfrank's Name but Father Luke Dachery observes that they are not in his Style The Rules of the Order of S. Benedict that he is cited as a third Person in the second Section of the second Chapter and that there are some Rules which appear too Remiss this makes him believe that 't is a Collection of Rules of which Lanfrank is not the Author or which has been augmented by some other of a more modern Date Let the case be how it will it contains nothing but what relates to the Customs and Practices of Monks therefore we shall not insist any longer upon it Lanfrank's Letters are short and few but contain in them things very Remarkable Lanfranks Letters The three first are directed to Pope Alexander II. In the first he earnestly intreats him to give him leave to lay down his Arch-bishoprick which he had not taken upon him but by his Order that he might retire into a Monastery He likewise excuses himself for not being able to wait upon him at Rome In the second he gives him to understand that Herman a Bishop who had formerly quitted his Bishoprick under the Popedom of Leo IX and embrac'd a Monastick Life had a design to do it again and would have done it had not he hinder'd him He assures the Pope that that Bishop was no longer in a Condition by reason of his Age to discharge his Functions and that he is not forced to retire but does it voluntarily to give himself wholly up to the Service of God The English Historians tell us that this Herman was Flamand and that he had been Bishop of Winchester under the Reign of King Edward that he afterwards left both that Bishoprick and England and became a Monk of S. Berthin That he return'd some time after into England to be Bishop of Sarum and that he liv'd to the time of William the Conqueror which part of his Life he spent at the Bishoprick of Sarum 'T is about the end of his Life that he desir'd to retire the second time Lanfrank likewise consults the Pope about the Bishop of Litchfield This Bishop being accus'd of Incontinence and other Crimes before the Popes Legats in England would â—ot appear before the Synod which they held they had Excommunicated him and given â—he King liberty to put another in his place He afterwards came to Court and gave his Resignation to the King Lanfrank was not willing to ordain another in his place till he had receiv'd Permission from Rome he therefore desires it in this Letter The third is about the difference then on foot between the Sees of Canterbury and York about the Primacy and about several other Churches The Pope had referr'd the Examination of the Matter to an Assembly of Bishops of Abbots and of other Prelates of the Kingdom This Assembly was held at Winchester by the Order of the King of England and in his presence It was there prov'd by the Ecclesiastical History of Bede that from the time of S. Augustin the Apostle of England the Church of Canterbury had always enjoy'd the Right of Primacy over all England and Ireland and that the Bishops of the Places now in Question had been ordain'd cited to Synods and deposed by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury for above 140 years together This was likewise prov'd by the Acts of Councils and confirm'd by the Decretals of Pope Gregory I. Boniface IV. Honorius Uitalian Sergius I. Gregory IV. and Leo IX The Arch-bishop of York having nothing but weak Arguments to oppose these Authentick Testimonies yielded the Point and had desired the King to adjust Matters between Him and Lanfrank Afterwards by a general Consent an Act was prepar'd touching the Privileges of the Church of Canterbury which he sends to the Pope and desires him to confirm He thanks him for those Testimonies of Love which he had given him and for granting him two Palls He tells him at last that he sends him the Letter which he had writ formerly to Berenger whom he calls Schismatick The fourth is a Letter of Pope Alexander directed to Lanfrank wherein he confirms the Decrees of his Predecessors made in favour of the Monks who were in the Cathedral Churches of England in opposition to those who would dispossess them for to put secular Clerks into their Places The fifth is directed to Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome After he had return'd him Thanks for the good Will he bore to him he informs him that the Controversie about the Primacy of the Church of Canterbury was ended and that he had sent the Act of it to Rome The sixth is Hildebrand's who gives him to understand that he
Rome made upon that account by his Order A Dubious Work A Commentary on the seven Penitential Psalms A Manuscript Work A Commentary on St. Matthew's Gospel A Spurious Work A Piece call'd Dictatus Papae BENNO Cardinal Genuine Works that we have Two Books against Pope Gregory VII HUGH Bishop of Die and afterwards Arch-bishop of Lyons Genuine Works Divers Letters to Gregory VII about the Affairs of France which are among those of that Pope Two Letters to the Princess Mathilda against the Election of Pope Victor Two Letters concerning the Instalment of Lambert in the Bishoprick of Arras MANASSES Archbishop of Rheims Genuine Works A Letter to Pope Gregory VII An Apology or Manifesto in his favour THIERY or THEODORIC Bishop of Verdun A Genuine Work A Circular Letter against Pope Gregory VII FRANCO a Philosopher of Liege Works lost A Treatise of the Quadrature of the Circle Certain Treatises on the Holy Scripture One of the Calendar WARIN Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Mets. A Genuine Piece still extant A Letter to John sirnam'd Jeannelin MICHAEL PSELLUS a Senator of Constantinople His Genuine Works A Paraphrase in Verse with a Commentary on the Canticles Certain Questions about the Trinity and the Incarnation A Dialogue concerning the Operation of Demons Other Poetical and Philosophical Works Works that are in Manuscript or lost A Treatise against Eunomius An Epitome of the Pentateuch or Books of Moses Certain Theological Questions Divers Tracts Homilies Letters CONSTANTIN LICHUDES Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works His Constitutions and Synodal Decisions JOHN XIPHILIN Patriarch of Constantinople Genuine Works still extant An Homily on the Cross. Certain Decrees about Marriage ALBERIC a Monk of Mount Cassin Works lost A Piece against Berenger A Treatise of the Science of Musick A Book of the Forms of Saluting and Discoursing A Treatise against the Emperor Henry about the Election of Popes Another of the Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Divers Hymns Certain particular Discourses METELLUS Abbot of Tergensee Genuine Pieces Quirinales or Eclogues in honour of St. Quirinus DESIDERIUS Abbot of Mount Cassin and afterwards Pope under the Name of Victor III. A Genuine Piece A Dialogue about the Miracles of St. Benedict WILLIAM Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Mets. Genuine Works still extant Seven Letters and a Prayer ROBERT de TOMBALENE Abbot of St. Vigor at Bayeux Genuine Works A Commentary on the Canticles printed under the name of Radulphus Abbot of Fontanelle A Preface to that Commentatry MARIANUS SCOTUS A Genuine Work A Chronicle from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1083. LAMBERT of ASCHAMBURG a Monk of Hirsfeld A Genuine Work An Historical Chronology from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1077. ANSELM Bishop of Lucca Genuine Works Two Books against Guibert the Antipope A Collection of Sentences to shew that Kings are not the lawful Proprietors of Church-Revenues A Spurious Work A Collection of Canons THEOPHYLACT Archbishop of Acris Genuine Works still extant Commentaries on the Four Gospels on the Acts of the Apostles on St. Paul's Epistles and on four of the lesser Prophets LXXV Letters A Discourse on the Cross. An Instruction for Constantin Poâ—phyrogenneâ—a Manuscript Works Commentaries on the rest of the lesser Prophets A Treatise of the Controversies between the Greeks and Latins A Discourse to the Emperor Alexis Comâ—â—nus FOLCARD a Monk of St. Bâ—rthin Genuine Pieces The Lives of St. Beâ—thin and St. Omer GERARD Abbot of St. Vincent at Laon. A Genuine Piece The Life of St. Adelard WILLERAM Abbot of St. Peter at Mersburg A Genuine Work still extant An Epithalamium on the Marriage of JESUS CHRIST and the Church URSIO Abbot of Aumont A Genuine Work The History of the Life and Actions of Saint Marcelles Pope AMATUS a Bishop in Italy Works lost An History of the Normans Poems on St. Peter and St. Paul in commendation of Pope Gregory VII on the devout Prayers of the Rational and on the Heavenly Jerusalem ADAM Canon of Bremen Genuine Workâ— An History of the Church of Bremen A Treatise of the Situation of the Northern Kingdoms JOAN THRACESIUS SCYLITZES Curopalata A Genuine Work A Continuation of Theophanes's Chronicle from A. C. 813. to 1081. ENGELBERT Archbishop of Trier A Genuine Piece A Letter to Pope Gregory VII CONRAD Bishop of Utrecht A Genuine Piece still extant An Apology against Pope Gregory VII WENERIC Bishop of Verceil A Genuine Piece A Letter written in the Name of Thierry Bishop of Verdun to Pope Gregory VII ULRIC a Monk of Cluny Genuine Works Constitutions of the Abbey of Cluny BERNARD a Monk of Corbie in Saxony A Work that is lost A Tract against the Emperor Henry IV. WALERAN Bishop of Naumburg A Genuine Piece A Letter to S. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury URBAN II. Pope Genuine Works A Collection of XXI Letters Another Collection of XXXV Letters Another Collection of divers Letters about the Affair of Lambert Bishop of Arras DEUS-DEDIT Cardinal A Manuscript Work A Collection of Canons LAMBERT Bishop of Arras Genuine Pieces that we have Five Letters RAYNOLD Archbishop of Rheims Genuine Pieces Certain Letters which are inserted in the Second and Fifth Tomes of the Spicilegium by Father Luke Dachery NICOLAS sirnam'd the Grammarian Patriarch of Constantinople His Genuine Pieces A Letter to the Emperor Alexis Comnenus Decrees about Marriage SIMEON the Young Abbot of Xerocerce His Genuine Works XXXIII Orations A Treatise of Piety call'd Hymns of the Divine Love CCXXVIII Maxims Two small Treatises viz. one about the Impressions made by the Elements on the Bodies and Minds of Men and the other of the manner of God's Omnipresence Works in Manuscript or lost Divers Homilies and Hymns St. ANSELM Archbishop of Canterbury His Genuine Works still extant Two Treatises call'd Monologia and Proslogia A Reply to Gaunilon A Treatise of Faith the Trinity and the Incarnation Another of the Procession of the Holy Ghost Another of the fall of the Devil Another shewing why God was made Man Another of Original Sin Another of Truth of the Will and its Freedom Another of the Agreement between Free-will and Predestination A Letter to Waleran Bishop of Naumburg about the use of unleaven'd Bread A Treatise of the Restauration of Clerks who have committed Sins of Uncleanness Another of Marriages between near Relations Another of the Will of God Another of Peace and Concord Another of a Grammarian XVI Homilies An Exhortation to the Contempt of Temporal Things An Admonition to a dying Person XXI Meditations LXXIV Prayers Four Books of Letters to which are annex'd two others concerning the Eucharist Spurious Works A Poem on the Contempt of the World The Psalter of the Virgin Mary A Dialogue about Divinity Another concerning the Passion of JESUS CHRIST A Treatise of the Dimensions of the Cross. Another of the Conception of the Virgin Mary Another of the Festival of her Conception Another on the same Subject The History of the Passion of St. Guigner A Tract about the
to the Christians of the Holy-Land and renews to those that do so the Privileges and Immunities granted by Urban and Eugenius his Predecessors and puts their Estates Wives and Children under the protection of the Holy See The Sixtieth is directed to all the Bishops of Christendom on the same Subject to the end that they might publish the preceding Letter in their respective Diocesses and induce the Princes and People to so pious an Undertaking In the Three following Letters directed to certain Prelates of England he gives them an Account after what manner he concluded a Treaty of Peace with the Emperor at Venice These are the Letters of Pope Alexander III. that are contain'd in the first Collection to which three Additions have been since annex'd the first of those Additions comprehends Fifty six Letters publish'd by Father Sirmondus in the end of the Works of Peter Abbot of Celles In the first Eighteen which are almost all directed to Peter Abbot of St. Remy at Rheims he nominates him in a Commission with others to determine divers particular Affairs The Nineteenth directed to the Arch-bishop of Upsal in Sweden and his Suffragans contains several Constitutions against Simony and against the Privileges of Clergy-men taken out of the Councils and the Decretals of the Popes In the Twentieth he recommends to the Charity of the Northern Christians Fulcus Bishop of the Estons a People of Sweden In the Twenty first he exhorts the Northern Kings and Potentates to perform the Duties of Christian Princes to endeavour to procure the advancement of the Church by encountering its Enemies In the Twenty second directed to the Arch-bishop of Upsal and his Suffragans he specifies the Pennances that they ought to impose for the Crimes of Incest and Uncleanness and inveighs against two Abuses that prevail'd in their Country viz. the first That the Priests were wont to celebrate Mass with the Lees of Wine or with Crums of Bread steept in Wine and the second concerning clandestine Marriages that were contracted without the Benediction of the Priest The following relate to many particular Affairs of Churches or Monasteries which he himself decides or for the determination of which he grants a Commission to other Persons in the respective places In the second Addition are compris'd 109 Letters directed to Lewis VII King of France or to the Prelates of his Kingdom the greatest part of which relate to the Affairs of the Churches of France as also some to the Contest between Alexander and Victor and others are only recommendatory Letters or full of Compliments They are taken out of the Collection of the Historians of France by Du-Chesne The last Addition contains 22 Letters of which the six first are written on the Schism rais'd by Victor the two following treat of the Privileges of the Canons of Challon In the Ninth he acquaints Henry Arch-bishop of Rheims after what manner he was receiv'd in Rome The five following were written in favour of the Church of Vezelay In the Fifteenth he commends Hugh Bishop of Rhodez for establishing a general Peace in his Diocess The Seventeenth and Eighteenth are the Bulls for the Canonization of Edward King of England and St. Bernard The Twentieth Twenty firâ—… and Twenty second are Acts of Approbation of the Order of the Knights of St. James in Spain of that of the Monks of the Abbey of St. Saviour at Messina and of that of the Carthusians and of their Constitutions There are also in the Addition to the Tenth Tome of the Councils five other Letters attributed to Alexander III. of which the four first relate to the Immunities of the Schools and Chapter of Paris and the last to those of the Chapter of Anagnia Lucius III. having possess'd the See of Rome but a little while has left us only three Lucius III's Letters Letters By the First he takes off the Excommunication of William King of Scotland and the Suspension of his Kingdom denounced by the Arch-bishop of York in Pope Alexander's Life-time for opposing the Consecration of John elected Bishop of St. Andrew The Second Letter is directed to Henry II. King of England in which he exhorts that Prince to permit a Tax to be rais'd in his Kingdom for the Relief of the Holy-Land The Third is a Decree against the Hereticks of that time in which he pronounces a perpetual Anathema against the Cathari the Patarins those that style themselves the Humbled or the poor People of Lyons the Passagians the Josepins and the Arnoldists and prohibits all sorts of Persons to profess Divinity or to Preach publickly unless they have obtain'd a License from the Holy See or from the Diocesan Bishop He likewise condemns all those who presume to maintain any Doctrines or Practices different from those of the Church of Rome concerning the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ Baptism the Remission of Sins Marriage or the other Sacraments with their Abetters and Adherents He ordains That Clergy-men convicted of those Errors shall be depos'd and Laicks deliver'd up into the Hands of the Secular Judges to be punish'd unless they immediately abjure them without allowing any Pardon to Relapses He enjoyns the Arch-bishops and Bishops to make a Visitation every Year either Personally or by their Arch-deacons in order to discover such Miscreants He exhorts the Counts Barons Lords and Magistrates vigorously to aid and assist the Clergy-men in the Prosecution of those Hereticks under pain of Excommunication and Privation of their Dignities And in that Case he grants a peculiar Jurisdiâ—…n to the Arch-bishops and Bishops over such Persons as enjoy certain Immunities and are subject only to the Holy See provided they be obey'd as the Pope's Delegates notwithstanding all manner of Privileges Urban III. gave notice to all the Bishops of his Election by a circular Letter dated January Urban III's Letters 11. A. D. 1186. which is the first of his Letters The Second dedicated to William King of Scotland relates to the Contest between the Bishops of St. Andrew and Dunckell the Tryal of which was referr'd to the See of Rome in the time of his Predecessor but could not be deterâ—…d till the Popedom of Urban who entreats the King in this Letter to take the Bishop of Dunckell into his Protection and makes the same Request in the following to Jocelin Bishop of Glasco In the Fourth he writes to Baldwin Arch-bishop of Canterbury about the building of a new Church in Honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas In the last he approves the Foundation of a House of Hospitallers at Bononia and ratifies their Constitutions and Privileges Gregory VIII was no sooner advanc'd to the Papal Dignity but he wrote a Circular Letter Gregory VIII's Letters to all the Faithful to exhort them to relieve the Holy Land He gives a lively description of the most deplorable Calamities that befel the Christians when the City of Jerusalem was taken by Saladin and earnestly presses the Faithful to undertake
an Expedition for the recovery of it out of the Hands of that implacable Enemy of Christianity He grants Indulgences to those who shall take upon them the Cross for the Holy War and renews in their favour the special Privileges that were allow'd by his Predecessors in the like Case In the Second Letter he ordains That to deprecate the Wrath of God the Faithful should be oblig'd to fast during five Years on all Fridays from Advent to Christmass and that they should abstain from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays By a Third Letter he confirms the Orders that his Predecessors had given to all the Ecclesiastical Judges to determine the Law-suits of private Persons The Five first Letters of Clement III. relate to the Contest that arose between John and Hugh Clement III's Letters about the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland In the Sixth he confirms the Rights and Immunities of the Church of that Kingdom The Seventh is the Act for the Canonization of Otto Bishop of Bamberg The First Letter of Celestin III. is directed to the Prelates of England whom he orders to Celestin III's Letters excommunicate all those who shall refuse to obey William Bishop of Ely Legate of the Holy See and Regent of the Kingdom in the absence of King Richard who was engag'd in the Expedition to the Holy Land By the Second he takes off the Excommunication denounced by Geffry Arch-bishop of York against Hugh Bishop of Durham The Third is the Act for the Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio The Fourth is an elegant Exhortation to induce the Christian Princes to make Peace that they may be in a Condition to regain the Holy Land In the Fifth directed to the Bishop of Lincoln he gives him a Commission to take cognizance of the Misdemeanours and Crimes of which the Arch-bishop of York was accus'd The Sixth sent to the Dean and Arch-deacon of the Church of Lincoln is written on the same Subject In the Seventh he constitutes Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and in the Eighth orders the Bishops of England to acknowledge and obey him in that Quality The Ninth is a Fragment of a Letter directed to the Arch-bishop of Sens in which he declares null the Divorce that Philip King of France had made with Queen Batilda the Daughter of the King of Denmark under pretence of nearness of Kin and enjoyns him to re-take her In the Tenth he entreats Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to levy Recruits to be sent into the Holy Land to King Richard The Three following Letters are written about the Disorders caus'd in the Church of York by the Arch-bishop He commits the Care and Reformation of that Church to Simon Dean of the Chapter and forasmuch as the Arch-bishop had appeal'd to the Holy See before the Bishop of Lincoln exhibited an Information against him he allows him time to come to Rome till the Festival of St. Martin but in case he do not then appear he orders the Bishop of Lincoln to proceed against him and in the mean while suspends him from the Government of his Province In the Fourteenth he orders Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to oblige those who had taken upon them the Cross for the Expedition to the Holy Land to set forward on their Journey at least unless they were prevented by a lawful Impediment This Letter is follow'd by that of Philip Bishop of Beauvais written to Pope Celestin in which that Prelate complains That the King of England enter d the Territories of Beauvaisis with his Forces in a hostile manner and took him Prisoner The Pope return'd an Answer in the following Letter That he had no reason to make a Complaint of the Misfortune that befel him since he presum'd to take up Arms contrary to the Duty of his Profession besides that the Conduct of the King of England ought not to be blam'd in regard that the King of France had unjustly taken from him divers Towns contrary to the solemn Promise that he had made to that Prince not to commit any Hostilities against him 'till his return to his Dominions That instead of performing that Promise he determin'd to take the advantage of his Confinement And that the King of England being at last set at Liberty had good reason to oppose the Enterprizes of the King of France In the Sixteenth he enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbot of St. Edmund to re-establish in one of the Churches of England the Monks that were turn'd out under colour of the Pope's Bull got by surprize upon a false Exhibition In the last directed to William King of Scotland he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches of that Kingdom CHAP. X. A Relation of the several Contests that Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had with Henry II. King of England THOMAS BECKET was a Native of the City of London the Capital of England His Father was nam'd Gilbert and his Mother Matilda Gilbert in his Youth took The Life of Thomas Becket before he was Arch-bishop of Canterbury upon him the Cross for the Holy War but upon his arrival at Jerusalem he was taken Prisoner and made a Slave by the Saracens During his Imprisonment he found means to obtain the favour of the Admiral 's Daughter in whose House he was confin'd and she conceiv'd so great an Affection for him that Gilbert having at last made his Escape she travell'd to London on purpose to meet him was baptiz'd there and afterwards marry'd to Gilbert by whom she had our Thomas who was born A. D. 1119. Before his Birth Gilbert return'd to the Holy Land where he continu'd three Years and a half having left his Wife in England This Gentlewoman took great care of the Education of her Son who in the very first blooming of his Youth shew'd the marks of what might be expected from him in a riper Age. He began his Studies at London and after having lost both his Father and Mother compleated them at Paris Upon his return to England he was employ'd in the management of Affairs and put himself into the Service of Theobald Arch-bishop of Canterbury At that time Henry Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen was Legate in England who abus'd his Quality and Authority treating the other Bishops and even his Metropolitan with intolerable Arrogancy Thomas advis'd Theobald to shake off the Yoke and was sent by him to Pope Celestin II. to obtain a Revocation of Henry's Commission insomuch that being arriv'd at Rome he negotiated that Affair so successfully that the Pope depriv'd Henry of his Dignity and conferr'd it on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas was no sooner return'd to England but Theobald entrusted him with the management of the Affairs of his Church made him Arch-deacon of it some time after and bestow'd on him many Benefices Afterwards King Stephen dying and Henry II. Duke of Normandy succeeding him Thomas was constituted
not able to give Entertainment to the Bishop by reason of their Poverty he asserts That they ought to sell or pawn the Ornaments of their Church to exercise Hospitality towards their Diocesan In the Sixty second he recommends to a Widow who had devoted her self to God the giving of Alms to the Poor In the Sixty third he commends the Countess Adela in regard that after her Conversion instead of undertaking a Pilgrimage to the Holy Land she had embrac'd the Monastick Life In the Sixty fourth he censures the Custom of a Monastery where both the Species of the Eucharist were not administer'd separately but that of the Bread steept in the other of the Wine He maintains That the sopt Bread which our Saviour gave to Judas was not the Eucharist In the Sixty fifth written by Hildebert as well as the next after his Translation from the Bishoprick of Mans to the Arch-bishoprick of Tours he acquaints the Pope That he had taken a Journey to Bretagne where he held a Synod at Nantes A. D. 1127. for the Reformation of the Church chiefly as to what concerns incestuous Marriages and the Succession of Relations to Ecclesiastical Preferments That the Prince had remitted in that Synod the Right which was claim'd by the Lords to seize on the moveable Goods of deceased Persons and even his own Royal Prerogative by vertue of which all manner of Wracks at Sea belong to his demeans That it was also ordain'd That the Bishops should publish in their Synods and the Preists in their Churches That those who presume to contract unlawful Marriages for the future shall be excommunicated and that the Children born in such Wedlock were declar'd illegitimate That the Ecclesiastical Constitutions were reviv'd concerning the Qualities requisite in Persons who design to receive Orders That it was prohibited to ordain the Sons of Priests unless they turn'd Regular Canons or Monks and that as for those who were already ordain'd they were not allow'd to serve their Fathers Parishes in that Quality lest they should find means to succeed them And lastly That very strict Prohibitions were made that Benefices should be transmitted as it were by Succession He entreats the Pope to confirm what they had done more especially the Resignation that the Prince had made of his Right to the Shipwracks Pope Honorius II. grants him this Confirmation in the Letter which immediately follows that of which we have but now made mention In the Sixty seventh he complains to that Pope that the King of France had confiscated the Revenues belonging to his Church and would not suffer him to enter the Territories of his Kingdom because he refus'd to dispose of the Benefices according to the pleasure of that Prince He likewise wrote to him about the Contests that happen'd in the Church of Tours between the Dean and some of the Canons which was carry'd on to that height that one of the Canons was maimed by one of the Collegues and by the Dean's Friends The latter was accused of being accessory to the Fact but he deny'd it and no Proof being brought against him he clear'd himself by his own Oath and by that of seven other Priests In the Sixty eighth he tells the Pope that the had done what his Holiness requir'd of him having restor'd Bracerius to his Prebend which he deserv'd to lose by reason of the enormity of his Crimes and in sending to him Radulphus Dean of St. Maurice of whom mention is made in the preceding Letter He justifies the Innocence of that Dean and acquaints the Pope with the Judgment passed in his favour In the Sixty ninth he entreats the Pope to confirm a Donation that the King of England made to the Church of Fontevrault In the Seventieth he comforts the Queen of England for her Barrenness and gives her to understand that she ought not to look upon it as a disgrace but as the means of procuring her Salvation by adopting the Poor for her Children In the Seventy first he exhorts to perseverance a Countess who had quitted worldly Affairs to embrace the Monastick Life The Seventy fourth is a Reprimand given to a Clergy-man who did not lead a regular Course of Life In the Seventy fifth he complains that none of his Friends undertook to maintain the Interests of his Church in the Court of the King of France In the Seventy ninth he determines That Nuns who live in a Monastery ought not to go out of it alone but accompanied with one of their Matrons He reproves those who act otherwise on Holy-days and observes that about thirty Years were pass'd since he wrote a Treatise of Virginity Lastly he declaims against some Nuns who dwell in private Houses to lead a more dissolute Course of Life The Eightieth is a Letter by Marbodus Bishop of Rennes which we shall mention in its proper place The Eighty second is an excellent Letter directed to Pope Honorius in which he expresses himself with Submission and Freedom against the Appeals made to the See of Rome which were so frequent in that Age. He entreats him at first not to be offended at his Letter nor to attribute that to Presumption which he was oblig'd to do by necessity and lest the Church should be oppress'd by force of Arms the effects of which he himself knew by Experience He adds that he has reason to hope that his Remonstrance will not be unacceptable to him because it is written for the sake of Justice Afterwards he declares That that Custom was never approv'd on the hither side of the Alpes and that it is not an Article grounded on the Ecclesiastical Laws that all sorts of Appeals should be receiv'd at Rome That if that Innovation prevail the Authority of the Popes will be disannull'd and the whole vigour of Church-Discipline will be subverted For says he where is the Oppressor that does not enter an Appeal as soon as he is threaten'd with an Anathema Where is the Clerk who will not continue in his exorbitant Courses defending himself by a declinatory Appeal Or by what means can the Bishops inflict any Punishment for the least Act of Disobedience An Appeal will certainly put a stop to his Censure weaken his Constancy baffle his Resoluteness impose Silence upon him and cause all manner of Crimes to go unpunished However Hildebert owns that the Church on the hither side of the Alpes has acknowledg'd some Appeals and 't is but reasonable that those who have lawful Grievances should get them redress'd by that means as also that those Persons whose Judges are their Enemies or suspected or who fear the Outragiousness of the People should have the same liberty to secure themselves But he maintains that Appeals which are only enter'd on purpose to put a stop to the Course of Justice and to procrastinate Affairs ought not to be authoriz'd and therefore he entreats the Pope no longer to admit any of that Nature The Eighty third Letter which is the last of this
turned out by the Bishop of Chester under pretence of a Brief gained by a Trick from his Predecessor By the two hundred and forty sixth he commissioned the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and the Abbots of St. Cibar of Angouleme and of Nanteuil to be Judges in a Difference between the Bishop of Angouleme and the Archdeacon of Mairinac In the two hundred and forty seventh he committed to the Bishop of Nevers the examination of a Difference between the Bishop of Autun and the Abbot of Bussiere about the goods of an Archpriest who had desired to be made a Monk in this Abbey and had let them enjoy his Goods while he lived of which the Bishop of Autun stript them when he was dead pretending that when this Archpriest offered himself to the Monastry he was not well in his senses but as he answered the Monks who asked him Will you be a Monk Yes I will so he answered another who asked him Will you be an Ass Yes I will The Pope order'd that if the Bishop could prove that the Archpriest was beside himself at the time he made this Donation then the Monastry should be condemned to restore his Estate and the Use of it but if he could not prove that they belonged to the Monastry In the two hundred and forty eighth he entrusted the Abbot of St. Eucher the Dean and a Canon of Treves with the Judgment of a Suit about a Prebend of St. Mary Magdalen of Verdun In the two hundred and forty ninth he order'd Cardinal Rainier to oblige the Kings of Portugal and Castile to observe the Conditions of peace which they had agreed upon The six next Letters have nothing worth notice in them In the two hundred and fifty sixth he determin'd That the Acts of Judges are not authentick unless they are authorised by the Witnesses In the two hundred and fifty seventh he confirmed some Rules made by the Magistrates of Benevento about the dues of Officers of Justice By the two hundred and fifty eighth he order'd the execution of a Mandate granted by Pope Celestin for a Canonship of Benevento In the two hundred and fifty ninth he order'd the Archbishop and Chapter of Rouen to proceed according to the Resolution of the greatest and wisest part of the Chapter that every Canon should contribute out of his Revenue towards the repairing of the Church In the two hundred and sixtieth written to the same Archbishop he exhorts him not to yield to the agreement which the Kings of France and England had made together by which they resolved to appoint four Ecclesiasticks to examine whether the Judgments he had given or should give ought to be executed by them against their Subjects and in case they should not give Judgment that they ought to force them by seizing on their Estates to revoke their Judgment In the two hundred and sixty first he wrote to the Bishop of Winchester to punish the Simoniacks in his Diocess notwithstanding their appeal to the Holy See In the two hundred and sixty second to the Bishop and Chapter of Vesca he order'd them to turn a certain Clergyman out of his Living for having forged Letters by which he got his Living again after having left it In the two hundred and sixty third he gave leave to the Bishop of Amiens to put what Canons he pleased into a House which he had given the Abbot of St. Martin of the Twins to place his Canons in if the Abbot should neglect to do it after being put in mind by the Bishop In the two hundred and sixty fourth to the Archbishop of Rouen he determined That a person who hath the Patronage of a Living cannot present himself to it however fit he be for the Place In the two following to the same Person he declar'd That all the Diocesans as well Ecclesiasticks as Laicks are obliged to submit to the Sentences of Interdiction published by the Bishop In the two hundred and sixty seventh written to the Bishop Archdeacon and Sacrist of Maguelone about a Difference between this Bishop and the Provost of his Church concerning a Person nominated to the Archdeaconship of this Diocess after having related the reasons urged on one side and the other he declar'd That following the Footsteps of his Predecessors who were of opâ—nion that the Judgments of the See of Rome might be altered when it was found there had been a Trick he revoked the Donation of this Archdeaconship made by the Bishop although approved of by his Predecessor Pope Alexander and order'd the Chapter to proceed to a new Election By the five hundred forty and first he settled the Archdeaconship upon him who had had it conferred upon him by the Archbishop of Arles In the two hundred and sixty eighth he recommended the protection of the Monastry of St. Victor of Marseilles to the Archbishops of Arles Aix and Embrun and to the Bishops their Suffragans In the two hundred and sixty ninth he order'd the Bishop of Varadin to come to Rome to receive the Absolution of the Excommunication which he had incurred In the two hundred and seventieth he gave leave to the King of Hungary to keep back an Earl and some other Holy Soldiers to the number of twenty whom he had need of to keep himself firm in his Kingdom In the two hundred and seventy first he exhorted an Hungarian Lord to be loyal to his King In the two hundred and seventy second he confirmed a Judgment given by his Legate Cardinal Gregory in favour of the Bishop of Transilvania By the two hundred and seventy third he entrusted the Archbishop of Arles with the Reform of the Monastry of Lerins with leave to put in some of the Monks of Citeaux if he did not find any of that Order there In the two hundred and seventy fourth he gave leave to this Archbishop to put some of the Monks of Citeaux into an Island in the stead of the Canons which were there but had not subsistence In the two hundred and seventy fifth he order'd the Archbishop and Archdeacon of Narbonne to nullify all that the Abbot of St. Saviour of Lodeve had done against the Monks of his Monastry and other Persons to the prejudice of their Appeal put into the Holy See In the two hundred and seventy sixth he gave leave to the Canons of St. John of Besancon to settle another House with the consent of their Bishop By the two hundred and seventy seventh he discharged the Archbishop of Besancon from the accusation which his Canons had laid against him they not caring to prosecute it and he forbids them for the future to propose any thing against their Archbishop but in the mean while he sets the Bishop of Challon and the Abbot de la Fertè to inform him of the Conduct of this Archbishop By the two hundred and seventy eighth he commissioned the Abbots of Citeaux and de Toul to proceed against the Treasurer of Besancon to oblige him
things as they consumed 25 The Condemnation of the Errors of Petrus Joannes Oliva de Sorignan 27 A Dispute between the Emperor and Pope concerning the Property of the things consumed by the Grey-Friars Ibid The Question of the Happiness of the Saints immediately after their Death moved and debated by Pope John XXII Ibid The Letters of John XXII 28 The Election of Benedict XII 29 A Determination of the Question of the happiness of the Saints by Benedict XII Ibid Benedict XII confirms the Judgment of his Predecessors against Lewis of Bavaria and the Grey-Friars Ibid Rules made by Benedict XII and his Death 30 The Works of Benedict XII Ibid The Election of Clement VI. Ibid Rules made by Clement about the Affairs of Italy Ibid Lewis of Bavaria Excommunicated anew by Clement 31 The Election of Charles IV. to the Empire Ibid The Enterprize of Nich. Laurentius in Rome Ibid The Death of Clement VI. Ibid The Election and Actions of Innocent VI. Ibid The Election of Urban V. and his Actions 32 The Election and Actions of Gregory XI Ibid CHAP. IV. THE History of the Schism of the Popes of Rome and Avignon and what happened in Christendom on that Account until the holding of the Council of Pisa 33 The Election of Urban VI. made by force Ibid The beginning of the Papacy of Urban VI. 34 The Cardinals retire to make another Election Ibid The Election of Clement VII 35 The Division of the Christian Princes about the two Popes elected Ibid Clement VII goes to Avignon 36 Wars in Italy between Lewis Duke of Anjou and Charles de Duras Ibid Urban VI. arrested by Charles de Duras and constrained to fly to Genoa 37 Clement VII being acknowledg'd by the Kings of Castile and Arragon would raise a Tax in France 37 The Death of Charles de Duras and Urban VI. Ibid The Election of Boniface IX by the Roman Cardinals Ibid Lewis Duke of Anjou Crowned King of Sicily by Clement VII 38 The Contrivance of the University of Paris to remove the Schism Ibid The Death of Clement VII 39 The Election of Benedict XII at Avignon against the King of France's Will Ibid An Assembly of the Prelates of France which advised the way of Cession Ibid Benedict revokes the way of Cession Ibid An Act of Appeal of the University of Paris Ibid A withdrawing of Obedience from the two Contendants for the Papacy resolved and published in France 40 The Withdrawing agreed on upon certain Conditions 41 Proposals of Union made to Boniface 42 The Death of Boniface Ibid The Election of Innocent VII at Rome and his Actions Ibid Projects for Union among the Contendants 43 The University of Paris renewed the Substraction Ibid The Death of Innocent VII and the Election of Gregory XII Ibid Proposals of Peace between Gregory and Benedict 44 The King of France sends Ambassadors to procure the Peace of the Church Ibid Gregory and Benedict evade the Cession Ibid The Revolt of the Cardinals from Gregory 45 The Act of the Appeal of the Cardinals Ibid The Proceedings of Gregory against the Cardinals that revolted Ibid Abusive Bulls sent by Benedict to the King of France Ibid The Proceedings against Benedict and his Bulls Ibid The Publication of the Neutrality in France 46 Gregory and Benedict appoint Councils and the Cardinals order One at Pisa Ibid A Synod of French Bishops who made Rules for the time of the Neutrality 47 The Punishment of certain Couriers who brought Pope Benedict's Bulls into France Ibid CHAP. V. THE Lives and Writings of the Authors who flourished in the Fourteenth Century 48 Three Ages of the Schoolmen Ibid The Study of the Civil and Canon-Law in the Fourteenth Century Ibid Dinus de Mugello Professor of the University of Bononia Ibid Engelbert Abbot of Admont 49 Jacobus Cajetanus a Cardinal Ibid Stephanus de Salagnac a Dominican Ibid Andreas Novo-caâ—trensis a Dominican Ibid Rainerius de Pisâ a Dominican Ibid William de Nangis a Monk of S. Denys 49 Thomas Wicke a Canon-Regular Ibid Henry Stero a Monk of Altaich Ibid Eberardus Archdeacon of Ratisbonne Ibid Joannes de Joinville Governor of Champagne Ibid Suffridus a Priest of Misnia Ibid Haito a Canon-Regular of the Praemonstratenses 50 Joannes Le-Moine a Cardinal Ibid William of Paris a Dominican Ibid Joannes Parisiensis a Dominican Ibid Joannes Parisiensis a Canon-Regular 51 Thomas Joyce a Cardinal Ibid Joannes de Geminiano a Dominican Ibid Jacobus de Benedictis a Franciscan Ibid Justus an Abbot of the Cistertians 52 Joannes Duns Scotus a Grey-Friar Ibid Raimundus Lullus of the same Order Ibid Joannes de Friburg Bishop of â—…a 54 Aegidius Romanus Archbishop of Bourges Ibid William Durant Bishop of Menda Ibid Victor Porchet de Salvaticis a Carthusian 55 Malachias a Grey-Friar Ibid William le Maire Bishop of Anger 's Ibid William de Mandagot a Cardinal Ibid Berengarius de Fredol a Cardinal Ibid James de Thermes Abbot of Charlieu Ibid Antonius Andreas a Grey-Friar Ibid Harvaeus Natalis a Dominican Ibid Ptolomaeus Lucensis Bishop of Torcello Ibid Philip Bishop of Aichstat Ibid Hugo Pratensis a Dominican 56 Joannes de Neapoli a Dominican Ibid Petrus Aureolus Archbishop of Aix Ibid Nicholas Trivet a Dominican Ibid Augustinus Triumphus an Augustine Friar Ibid Albert of Padua an Augustine Hermit Ibid Joannes Bassolis a Grey-Friar Ibid Jacobus de Lausanna a Dominican Ibid Henry de Carret Bishop of Lucca 57 Dominicus Grenerius Bishop of Pamiez Ibid Petrus Alverniensis a Canon of Paris Ibid Vitalis è Furno a Cardinal Ibid Marinus Sanutus or Sanudo sirnamed Torsellus Ibid Alexander de S. Elpidio Archbishop of Ravenna Ibid Alvarez Pelagius Bishop of Silves Ibid William Ockam a Grey-Friar 58 Marsilius of Padua a Lawyer 60 Radulphus de Praelles 61 Philippus Maserius Ibid Ubertinus de Cassalis a Grey-Friar Ibid Michael Caesonas General of the Grey-Friars Ibid Joannes de Janduno or of Gaunt 62 Bernardus Guido Bishop of Tuy Ibid Guy de Perpignan Bishop of Elne Ibid Arnoldus de Terrenâ Sacrist of Perpignan Ibid Franciscus Maronius a Grey-Friar Ibid Bertrandus de Turre a Cardinal 63 Durandus de S. Porciano Bishop of Meaux Ibid Odericus de Port-naon a Grey-Friar Ibid Guido Abbot of S. Denys Ibid William of Nottingham Canon of York Ibid William Mount Canon of Lincoln Ibid Philip de Montcalier a Grey-Friar Ibid Astesanus of the same Order Ibid Nicolas de Lyra Ibid Peter Bertrandus a Cardinal 64 William de Rubion a Grey-Friar 66 Guido de Montrocher a French Divine Ibid Monaldus a Grey-Friar Ibid Ludolphus the Saxon a Carthusian Ibid William de Montledun Abbot of Monstierneuf Ibid Simon Boraston an Englishman 67 Bartholomew de S. Concordiá a Friar-Preacher Ibid Bartholomew Bishop of Urbin Ibid Bartholomew Albicius a Grey-Friar Ibid William Baldensel a German Knight Ibid Arnoldus
all the Tithes of my Kingdom for Five Years to make good the Charge I have been at in my War with Flanders The Fourth to blot out the Memory of Pope Boniface The Fifth to restore to the Dignity of Cardinals the two Colonni's As for the Sixth I reserve my self says the King to declare it to you in convenient time and place in regard it must be very Secret The Archbishop promised all these things with an Oath by the Body of JESUS CHRIST and gave him his Brother and two of his Nephews for Hostages The King on his part Swore That he would cause him to be chosen Pope They parted after they had said these words and the King wrote presently to the Cardinals of his Party that they should chuse the Archbishop of Bourdeaux The thing was done with so much Diligence that the Answer was returned to Perusia in Five Weeks As soon as it Arrived they proceeded to the Election and Bertrand Got was chosen Pope according to the Agreement made the 5th of June 1305. He accepted the Popedom gladly was named Clement V. and was Invested in the Month of August at Lyons whither the Cardinals came to meet him The King his Brother Charles of Valois and a great Number of Princes and Lords of France assisted at this Ceremony The King having for some Paces held the Reins of the Pope's Mule resign'd them to his Brother Charles and the Duke of Britain to mount on Horseback and ride by the Side of the Holy Father In the Cavalcade an old Wall loaden with a throng of People fell down crushed to Death John Duke of Britainy and a Brother of the Pope's dangerously Wounded the King's Brother and slightly the King himself and beat off the Pope's Mitre The first thing which Clement did was to confirm the Absolution that Benedict XI had given The Revocation of Boniface's Bulls by Clem. V. to the King to revoke the Bull of Boniface touching the Subsidies to be demanded from the Clergy and all that followed thereupon and to declare That the Bull Unam Sanctam should do no Prejudice to the King or Kingdom of France and that all things should remain in the same posture they were in before that Bull. In fine he re-established the Cardinals Colonni in their Dignities and thus acquitted him of Four of the Articles he had promised to the King It was more difficult to satisfie him in the Fifth which concerned the Memory of Pope Boniface The King observing that Clement did nothing in that point spake with him about it at Poictiers The preparing of the Process against the Memory of Boniface VIII in the Year 1307. and pressed him to proceed against the Memory of Boniface This Proposal gave the Pope much trouble and to shift off the performance of it he answer'd by advice of Cardinal Prat that this Business required the Meeting of a General Council which he ever since design'd to call Nevertheless being solicited by the King and his Creatures to set this Affair on foot he heard some Witnesses Summon'd the Accusers part whereof appeared and among others Nogaret and du Plessis The first boldly maintained his Accusation against Boniface and undertook to make it good Cardinal Francis Cajetan defended his Unkle's Memory Divers Writings there were on both Sides and the King daily pressed the Conclusion of this Affair on the contrary the Defenders of Boniface put off Judgment as much as possible The Pope considering the Importance of this Affair used his utmost endeavour to pacifie the King and to spin out the time and to bring it to Effect he wrote to the Earl of Anjou in a manner to cause the King his Brother to submit touching this Dispute to what should be Decreed by the Church and the Pope The King was sometime before he could resolve but at last being pressed by the great Ones of the Kingdom he declared by his Letters Patents given at Fontainbleau in the Month of February 1310. that he left the Judgment of this Affair to the Pope and a Council Lewis Earl of Evreux and Guy Earl of St. Paul did the like The Pope continued to carry on the Process received Petitions Writings Memoirs and Deeds named the Cardinals to Examine the Proceedings caused to be made thereof a tedious Verbal Process which contained all that had been said on both Sides from the 16th of March 1310. till toward the close of the said Year It contained likewise the Informations of Fourteen Witnesses who Swore horrid Crimes of Impiety Sodomy and Uncleanness against Boniface At last The Revocation of Boniface's Bulls by Clem. V. the Pope to rid himself of this Affair gave out a Bull the 17th of April in the Year 1311. wherein he revoked all the Sentences Decrees and Declarations of Boniface which were not inserted in the Sixth Book of the Decretals so far forth as they imported any prejudice to the Honour Rights and Liberties of the King of France the Kingdom and his Subjects except those two Extravagants Unam Sanctam and Rem non novam which were to stand according to the Modifications heretofore made by his Holiness He annuls likewise all the Revocations and Suspensions of Privileges Excommunications Interdicts Deprivations Depositions and all other Processes of Deed or Right made as well by Boniface as Benedict his Successor since All Saints Day in the Year 1300. as well against the King as his Children his Brothers and his Subjects even against Informers and Accusers by reason of any Informations Appeals Demands of a General Council Blasphemies Ill Language taking the Person invading the House of Boniface and other parts of the Difference the King had with this Pope he Abolisht the Spot of Infamy and the Mark of Reproach that might in these Cases stick upon the King his Posterity on the Accusers Prelates Barons or others Discharges them from all Condemnations sets them to Rights and restores them to their ancient State Ordains That the Sentences Suspensions and other Acts made against them should be rased out of the Registers of the Church of Rome but all this without prejudicing the principal Cause and the Prosecution which might be made thereupon He declares nevertheless That he comprises not in this Abolition and Remission William Nogaret nor Sciarra Colonni and some others which he Names As for Nogaret who had demanded to be Absolved ad cautelam the Pope grants it him upon condition he would undertake some Pilgrimage and upon the first Opportunity go into the Holy Land with Horse and Arms there for ever to remain at least till the Pope permit him to return By another Bull of the same Date he declares That the King nor his Successors shall not in any wise be molested nor involved in the Prosecution that shall be made in the Affair of Boniface By another Bull he extends the Absolution mentioned in the preceding Bull to the Inhabitants of Anagni except such as he has named And by the last he
it was presented to Lewis and seen in the Assembly held at Francfort in September 1344. it was declared contrary to the Interests of the Empire and the Assembly refused to permit that Lewis of Bavaria should Sign it and sent their Ambassadors to the Pope and Cardinals to perswade them not to require it The Pope seeing himself deceived renewed his Process against Lewis of Bavaria Condemns him in his Excommunication and Deposes him entirely and orders the Electors of the Empire to proceed to the Election of another King of the Romans to whom he might give the Title of Emperor unless the Holy See should provide one At the same time he deposed Henry Arch-bishop of Mayence and nominated in his Place Gerlacke the Count of Nassau's Brother who going into Germany joyned himself to the Electors of Cologne Treves Dukes of Saxony King of Bohemia and some other Princes of the Empire who being Assembled at the end of August at Rens chose Charles of Moravia the Son of the King of Bohemia Emperor his Election was solemnly Confirmed by the Pope and the War began between the two Competitors in Germany but it soon ended by the Death of Lewis of Bavaria which happened October 11. 1347. After his Death Charles got Possession of the greatest part of the Cities of the Empire But Henry the old Archbishop of Mentz the Marquess of Brandenburg the Count Palatin of the Rhine and the Duke of Saxony resolved to choose another Emperor and offered the Empire first to Edward the Third King of England and after to Frederick Marquess of Misnia but both of them having refused it they chose Gontherius Count of Thuringia who died the same Year and left Charles the Peaceable Possession of the Empire While the Princes of Germany were contending for the Empire a Roman named Nicholas Laurentius The Attempt of Nicholas Laurentius in Rome took upon him the Title of Tribune Augustus the Deliverer of the City of Rome and Defender of Italy He made himself Master of Rome seized upon the Capitol and made a League with the greatest part of the People of Italy He wrote to the Pope That if he did not come to Rome within a Year he would have another Pope chosen and stirred up Lewis and Charles the Competitors for the Empire and the Electors to appear before the Magistrates of the People of Rome declaring that the City of Rome was the Seat of the Empire That it belonged to him and that the Empire ought to be in Italy and not in Germany This Enterprize fell almost immediately for this pretended Deliverer being constrained by the Contrary Faction to fly from Rome and having the Boldness to go in Disguise to Charles's Court he was known Arrested there and carried from thence to Avignon where he was put into the Pope's hands who cast him into Prison but he escaped out of it as some say and returned to Rome where he was Killed Clement VI. died Decemb. 6. 1352. in the 11th Year of his Papacy This Pope had a great The Death of Clement VI. deal of Learning and a fine Wit to which he had joyned a bountiful Disposition much Meekness Affability and Liberality He loved Peace and took a great deal of Pains to unite the Christian Princes without siding with any Party In the Year 1344. he put forward an Expedition against the Turks of which the Dauphin was Captain but it had no good Effect He laboured to unite the Greek Church and accomplished it among the Armenians He made the Church of Prague in Bohemia into an Archbishoprick in the Year 1344. and made a Constitution in 1350. concerning the Conclave by which he allows all the Cardinals to have in the Conclave every one two Clergymen to wait on them their several Lodgings and a Dessert A little before his Death he made a Declaration by which he revoked all that he had delivered either in Disputation Teaching or Preaching or otherwise against the Catholick Truths and against Faith and good Manners A Protestation which his Successors Innocent VI. Urban V. and Gregory XI also made at the Point of Death Several Letters of Clement V. are found among the Annalists Bzovius ad an 1342. and Waddingus Tom. 3. ad an 1342. There is an Epistle of his against the Whipping-Monks in the 11th Tome of the Councils and Mr. Baluzius hath publish'd several sent to the Kings of France and Arragon in the Ancient Acts which he hath joyned to the Lives of the Popes of Avignon Innocent VI. was Chosen in the Room of Clement V. Decemb. 18. and Crowned the 23d or The Election and Actions of Innocent VI. 30th of the same Month. He was called before Stephanus Albertus and was a Native of Mont near Pampadour in the Diocess of Limoges He had been before Grand Seneschal of Tholouse and after was made Bishop of Noyon in 1338. and translated to the Bishoprick of Clermont in 1340. Clement VI. raised him to the Dignity of a Cardinal of the Title of St. John and St. Paul and made him Bishop of Ostia and Grand Penitentiary He began as soon as he was made Pope to revoke the Reservations and Commendams of Benefices which his Predecessor had two easily granted and took all the Care he could to fill the Dignities of the Church with Persons eminent for Virtue and Knowledge He sent into Italy Giles Alvarez a Spanish Cardinal of the Title of St. Clement to resume the Castles and Cities that belonged to the Church of Rome of which several small Lords had made themselves Masters This Legate found in all Italy only the Castles of Montefiascone and Montifalco willing to receive him but a little after he put the Pope in Possession of a part of his Dominion The City of Rome was troubled with some stirs by Francis Baroncellus who took upon him the Title of Tribune but the Pope set up Nicholas Laurentius whom he delivered out of Prison on purpose He destroyed Baroncellus and was himself Slain a little time after Under the Papacy of this Pope Charles King of the Romans went to Rome by the consent of his Holiness and was Crowned Emperor in 1355. by the Cardinals Petrus Bertrandus and Giles Alvarez after he had taken an Oath that he would not stay in Rome nor Italy Lewis Marquess of Brandenburg Son of Lewis of Bavaria was absolved of the Censures which he had incurred by maintaining his Father's Party Innocent VI. maintained the Decrees of his Predecessors against the Grey-Friars which rebelled against the Holy See and Burnt two of them at Avignon in 1353. because they obstinately maintained their Opinion concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST and Imprisoned one named John Roquetaillade of S. Flour because he took upon him to Prophesie and foretold that Wars should increase That the Earth should be desolate That the Clergy should be Abused and despoiled of their Goods and after this time of Affliction is passed there shall come an Angel the Deputy of
informed of the Death of Clement he called his Council The Election of Benedict XII at Avignon in spite of the King of France together who gave it as their Opinion That it was fit for the good of the Church the King should write to the College of Cardinals to Supersede the Election till they understood his Mind by a special Ambassador The King of Arragon wrote to the same Effect The University of Paris took this Opportunity to beseech the King to interpose for putting off the Election till it were Agreed on what Method might be taken to settle Union to call an Assembly of the most famous Universities in his Kingdom and the Magistrates of Cities to provide for it to write to Boniface then at Rome and to the Chief of his Party to oblige them to accept these Methods of Union and to give Leave to the University to write to other Universities The King yielded to their Requests and signified to them that he was displeased with the intermission of their Publick Lectures and Sermons and order'd them to begin them again which was done accordingly The same day the King called his Council together in which it was resolved that two Ambassadors should be sent to Avignon Nevertheless the Cardinals met to proceed to the Choice of a Pope and entred into the Conclave to the Number of One and Twenty on the 26th of September They received the King's first Letter before the Election but suspecting what were the Contents they resolved not to open it till the Choice were over Nevertheless before they entred upon it they drew up an Instrument which they all Subscribed whereby they Promised and Swore that they would all use their Endeavours for Union and that whoever of them were chosen Pope should procure it by all kinds of Ways even by that of Cession or Resignation if it were judged most convenient by the major part of the Cardinals After this Protestation they chose on the 28th of the same Month Peter de la Lune Native of Arragon Cardinal-Deacon of the title of St. Mary in Cosmedin Pope who was named Benedict XII or XIII ordain'd Priest by the Cardinal of Praeneste on the 3d. of October and crown'd by the Bishop of Ostia on the 11th of the same Month. He was no sooner advanced to this Dignity but he took a resolution to keep it and acted as one that would continue always Pope Nevertheless to shew that he desired Peace he sent to the King of France the Bishop of Avignon and Peter Plan to acquaint him with his Election and to add that he accepted the Papacy very unwillingly and that he was ready to procure the Peace of the Church by all Methods which should be judged reasonable The University sent Deputies to him to exhort him to Union to whom he made answer That he was as ready to resign as he was to put off his Cope which he immediately pull'd off He made the same answer to Peter d'Ailly Envoy from the King so that in all likelihood it would not be his Fault if the Schism were not soon ended Charles the VIth appointed a Meeting of the Prelates of his Kingdom It was there concluded The Assembly of the Prelates of France which were for the way of Cession unanimously that the Resignation of the two Antagonists was the best Expedient utterly to abolish the Schism and to effect this the King sent to Benedict an Honourable Embassy consisting of his Uncles John Duke of Berry and Philip Duke of Burgundy and his Brother Lewis Duke of Orleans accompanied with the Bishops of Senlis Poictiers and Arras and several Lords to whom it was given in Charge to demand this Resignation as the most proper way to settle the Peace of the Church Benedict received them with due respect but answer'd not their Proposal but in general terms and offer'd himself another Expedient which was Benedict rejects the way of Cession that the two Competitors should come to a safe place near the Kingdom of France under Protection of the King and there the two Colleges of Cardinals being Assembled should search into ways of Accommodation The Ambassadors rejected this Offer and insisted upon yielding up their Right All the Cardinals except Cardinal de Pampelune were for the Cession The Pope stood firm and after several Conferences set out a Bull by which he declared his Resolution to meet his Adversary and his College in an uninterested place to find out a way of Accommodation and in case this could not be done he was ready to embrace all reputable and just ways to terminate this Difference provided God and the Church be not therewith offended The Ambassadors not satisfied with this Answer had a meeting in the Convent of the Cordeliers or Grey-Friars at Avignon where Eighteen Cardinals met the Delegates of the University of Paris who all declared for the Cession The Cardinals exhorted Benedict thereto but he persisted in his Resolution and forbad them to Sign the Instrument which the French Ambassadors had presented or to hearken to any other Proposal than what he had made The Ambassadors and Cardinals made him yet fresh Petitions to bring him over to this way of yielding but 't was all to no purpose and the Ambassadors went away without obtaining it The King zealously desiring to procure the Union of the Church was not discouraged by this Refusal and resolved according to the Advice of the University to send Ambassadors to other Christian Kings and Princes that they would joyn with him to procure a Union The University very hot in this Quarrel publish'd an Act of Appeal concerning all which might be transacted by Benedict An Act of Appeal by the University and his Adherents to the next only true and universal Pope or to the Apostolick Holy See Benedict set forth a Bull against this Act notwithstanding which the University renewed their Appeal and answer'd to Benedict's Bull that many Popes had been rejected or deposed that Popes have corrected one the other and revoked the Decrees of their Predecessors as Clement V. had revoked the Decretal of Boniface VIII against which the King the Lords and Prelates of the Kingdom had likewise brought an Appeal This second Act of Appeal being come to the Cognisance of Benedict he published a new Bull wherein he Excommunicated all such as should appeal from him or his Successors The University continuing their Prosecution met at Mathunins and declared afresh the way by Cession to be the best Seventeen Cardinals wrote likewise to the King that they approved of this Expedient While these things passed in France the Ambassadors whom the King had dispatched to all the Courts of Christendom perswaded the greater part of the Princes that the way taken in France to put an end to the Schism was the best and the surest so that they joined their earnest Desires to those of the King of France to oblige the two Competitors to consent to it The
University finding Benedict to remain obstinate in his Opinion proposed to the King A Substraction from the Obedience of both the Contenders declared and publish'd in France the withdrawing of Obedience The King after he had waited a while Assembled the Prelates and Universities of his Kingdom to consult upon this Matter The Meeting was held the 22. of May in the Year 1398. The King falling Sick could not be present but the Dukes of Berri Burgundy Orleans and Bourbon in whose presence the Patriarch of Alexandria recounted the Story of the Schism from its beginning shewed that Benedict had Sworn before his Election that he would do his utmost for Peace coming even up to the way of Cession He set forth all the King had done to procure the Peace of the Church and the Opposition made by Benedict He declared That the way of Cession had been approved not only by the King of France but moreover by the Kings of Hungary Bohemia England Arragon Castile Navarre and Sicily and concluded That it was the Intention of the King to pursue this way and to procure Union by this means The Bishop of Mascon seconded by Six Doctors spake there for Benedict The Question was debated for Eight Hours and the Assembly adjourn'd to the Month of July The Opinions were divided Some gave it for a general Substraction others for a particular in i. e. Withdrawing Obedience to the Pope what concern'd the Donation of Benefices Some maintain'd That such as obeyed Boniface ought to do the same on his account The Princes propounded yet once more to give Benedict notice before they came to this Extremity The Archbishop of Tours the Bishop of Puy and the University of Tholouse were against the Substraction which nevertheless was followed by the greater Number The King being recovered made the Opinions to be counted up to him and judged they ought to comply with the Major part and gave order to the Chancellor to publish the Substraction The Chancellor made Report of the King's Resolution to the Assembly and declared That they should wholly withdraw themselves from the Obedience of Benedict till he accepted the way of Cession nevertheless that it was not the King's intent the Gallican Church should be deprived of her ancient Liberties The Sunday following there was a Solemn Procession to St. Genivieve where the Substraction was published by Giles de Champs who then Preach'd after that the Chancellor order'd Letters of Substraction Dated the 27th of July wherein the King after having laid open his earnest Endeavours to purchase the Peace of the Church and the refusal of Benedict to perform his Oath he declares That he ordered not the Substraction till he had Communicated it to the Christian Princes who had Agreed to the way of Cession That the King of Castile likewise had already put it in Execution That this Proceeding was neither extraordinary nor without Precedent That many Clergymen for less Cause had renounced Communion with Anastasius That Guy Archbishop of Vienna who was after Calixtus II. with his Prelates of the Council of Vienna had resolved to withdraw their Obedience from Pope Paschal II. That for greater Reason under the present Circumstances where there was a notorious Scandal a Schism formed and fomented by the Ambition of two Competitors it was seasonable to apply this Remedy Upon this Ground he declares That himself the Church the Clergy and the People of his Kingdom do wholly withdraw from the Obedience of Benedict and his Adversary of whom he said nothing because he never had obeyed him and enjoins his Subjects not to obey him nor pay any thing to him Orders that henceforward Benefices which are Elective shall be supplied by way of Election and others by the gift of the Ordinaries to whom the filling of them up does of right belong And as to the Benefices held by the Adherents or Partisans of the Competitors the Ordinaries should hold them in Commendam till they can be Canonically provided for The same day the King wrote to the Cardinals to inform them what he had done and to exhort them to join with him in the execution of this good Work He likewise published other Letters wherein he declared That he intended not during this Substraction to enrich himself with the Advantages Profits and other Dues which the Popes or their Officers are accustomed to take he Discharged the Collectors of them and order'd That the Elections Demands and Grants of Benefices should be gratuitous and without Charge He injoined the Apostolick Notaries to set down the Dates of Acts which should pass for the future in these words Ab electione Domini Benedicti ultimo in Papam electi anno c. and not Anno Pontificatus Domini nostri Papae c. The Abby of St. Denys becoming Vacant at this time the Monks Assembled by the King's Leave chose Philip de Villette whose Election was confirmed by the Bishop of Paris and the same thing was practised in other Elective Benefices The Kings of Castile and Navarre the Queen of Sicily and many other Princes and free Towns followed the Example of France and decreed likewise the Substraction and Eighteen Cardinals also made an Act of the like Substraction Benedict not being able to make them alter their Resolution by his Censures design'd to order them to be Arrested they withdrew to Villa-nova in the King's Dominions and called Mareschal Baucicant to their Aslistance who Besieged Benedict in his Castle of Avignon The Brother of Benedict defended himself Valiantly and at length the Siege was raised by a Treaty and the Prisoners on both Sides released The Cardinals of Poictiers Tury and Saluces came to wait on the King to desire him in the Name of the Sacred College to seize into his hands the Person of Benedict to cause that the Princes under the Obedience of Boniface might likewise make a Substraction and a General Council be held They besought him also to advise the King of Arragon not to afford any Succour nor retreat to Benedict to maintain them in their Rights to order their Pensions to be paid them to secure to their Followers the Benefices promised them before the Substraction not to dispose of the Dignities which should become Vacant till one only Pope were chosen and to reserve the Revenues of them for defraying the Charges which must arise in the Prosecution of the Union The Chancellor gave Answer to the Cardinals That the King had resolved to hold an Assembly on the 20th of February wherein he would take advice about their Demands But there was no further mention made of them and the King very backward in Arresting Benedict order'd Mareschal Baucicant not to prosecute the War against him and only to take care that he went not out of Avignon with the Treasure of the Church Nevertheless Cardinal Pampelune and another named Boniface who remained faithful to Benedict designing to make their Escape in Disguise were Arrested by Baucicant who put them
de Lyra. him the Hebrew Tongue but being converted he became a Monk in the Monastery of Grey-Friars at Verneuill in 1291. and having stayed some time there he went to Paris where he read Lectures several Years upon the Holy Scripture in the Great Covent of Cordeliers at Paris where he died Octob. 23. 1340. He made use of the Learning which he had gotten when he was a Jew to explain the Holy Scripture literally and made Postills upon all the Holy Books He began this Work in 1293. and ended it in 1330. In them he shews a great deal of Jewish Learning and makes a very good use of the Comments of the Rabbies and among others of Rabbi Solomon Isaac or Jarchi The first Edition of this Work was put out at Rome under the Papacy of Sixtus IV. in 1471. by the Care of John D' Allena It has been since printed at Basil in 1508. and at Lyons in 1529. But the most perfect Edition is that of Francis Feuardentius John Dadreus and James de Cuilly at Lyons in 1590. which they put out after they had compared it with the MSS. It is printed since in the Bible with Glosses at Doway in 1617. at Antwerp in 1634. and in the great Bible of Father Le Haye in 1660. He hath also Composed some Moral Comments upon the Holy Scripture which were printed at Venice in 1516. and in 1588. Large Postills or Explications upon the Gospels of all the Sundays in the Year We have also a Treatise of his concerning the Person that Administers and him that Receives the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper which has been printed in Germany without Date with a Work of S. Thomas upon the same Subject A Disputation against the Jews printed at Venice with his Commentaries A Book against a Jew who made use of the New Testament to oppose the Doctrine of Jesus Christ printed with the Edition of his Postills in 1529. Waddingus attributes to him a Writing of the Life and Actions of S. Francis but because no other Authors mention it I believe it is not his Trithemius makes mention of his Sermons and we meet with some Large Commentaries upon the Holy Scriptures in Libraries which bear his Name Some Authors say That he made some Comments upon the Books of the Sentences Some Quodlibetical Questions a Treatise upon the Beatifick Vision An Exposition upon the Ten Commandments and some other Works PETRUS BERTRANDUS a Native of Annonay in Vivarois the Son of Matthaeus Bertrand and Peter Bertrand Agnes the Empress after he had Professed the Civil Law with great Reputation in the Universities of Avignon Orleans and Paris was made in 1320. the Chancellor of Joanna Queen of France and Dutchess of Burgundy who made him Executor of her Will and a little time after was made Bishop of Nevers from whence he was translated in 1325. to the Bishoprick of Autun The Conference that he had in 1329. with Peter de Cuguieres in which he defended the Rights of the Church in the presence of Philip de Valois King of France got him Abundance of Reputation He was made Cardinal of the Title of S. Clement in 1331. by John XXII through the recommendation of the King and Queen of France He Founded the College of Autun at Paris in 1341. and died June 24. 1349. in the Priory of Monsault which he had built near Avignon He reduced into Writing the Acts of the Conference held in 1329. in the King's Presence between the Bishops of the Realm the Chief of whom was Roger then nominated to the Arch-bishoprick of Sens and Peter de Cuguieres the King's Advocate who spoke for the King's Officers and Judges about the extent of the Ecclesiastical and Civil Jurisdiction The occasion of this Conference were the Complaints which the Prelates Officials and all the Clergy made against the Judges and King's Officers and against the Barons pretending that they encroached upon their Jurisdiction The King to support them and maintain a good Intelligence among all his Subjects as well Ecclesiastick as Civil gave a Command by his Letters dated Sept. 1. as well to the Prelates as Barons of the Kingdom to meet at Paris upon the Octaves of the Feast of S. Andrew to propose whatever they had to alledge against one another that they might live orderly for the future The Archbishops of Bourges Ausche Rouen and Sens met accordingly together with the Bishops of Beauvais Chalons Laon Paris Noyon Chartres Coutances Angiers Poictiers Meaux Cambray S. Flour S. Brieu Chalon upon Saone and Autun The King being come also thither with his Council and some Barons Peter de Cuguieres Knight and Counsellor of State spoke for the Rights of the King taking for his Text these words Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's and to God the things that are Gods from whence he proved two things 1. That due Honour and Reverence ought to be paid to the King 2. That the Spiritual Authority ought to be separated from the Temporal of which the former belongs to the Prelates and the latter to the King and his Lords which he proved by several Reasons drawn from Fact and Right and in the end concludes That the Bishops ought to be contented with the Spiritual Power and the King ought to Protect them in Matters which are Subject to him This Discourse being finished he said in French That the intention of the King was to put himself in Possession of the Temporal Power and presented several Articles containing the Grievances and Attempts which he affirmed to be done by the Prelates and Clergy of the Realm of France or their Officers against the Temporal Jurisdiction of the King Barons and other Lords The greatest part of these Articles respect the Encroachments which the Ecclesiastical Judges had made upon Civil Justice in taking upon them the Cognizance of Civil and Real Causes under divers Pretences and presuming to forbid the Lay-Judges The Prelates desired time to consider before they gave their Answer and obtained till Friday following when Roger the Archbishop of Sens Elect carried word to the King who was at the Castle of S. Vincent and after he had protested that what he was about to say was not with an intention to submit himself to the Judgment of the King but only to instruct his Majesty and the Conscience of his Attendants he took for his Text these words of the First Epistle of S. Peter Fear God Honour the King and shewed from them that Fear and Love was due unto God which engage Men to give Liberally to him to Honour him reverently and give him all his Dues Secondly That all Men are obliged to obey their Prelates and that the Kings of France who had honour'd them more than other Princes have been always most happy Thirdly That we must render to God what is really his and in this Point he opposed what Peter de Cuguieres had said of the two Jurisdictions maintaining that though they were distinguished yet
Death of William Wilford 1398 A Substraction of Obedience from the two Contendants for the Papacy published in France and other places XXI VII  An Assembly of the Clergy in France which ordered the Substraction May 22. Henry Andernacus Blaisus Andernarius John de S. Bavon Rich. de Lavenham John de Werden flourished The Death of Gerhard de Zutphen Dec. 4. 1399  XXII Rich. II. K. of England is deprived of his Kingdom and Henry Earl of Lancaster chosen King VIII   The Death of Nicholas Eymericus Jan. 4. 1400  The Electors of the Empire depose the Emperor Wenceslaus Joseph Marquess of Moravia his Nephew was chosen in his room by the Archbishops of Mentz and Colen but dyed six Months after Robert Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine is chosen and crowned Emperour I. IX   Maximus Nilus Damilas Demetrius Cidonius John de Campscen Philip d'Otterburg flourished The Death of Simon of Cremoxa 1401  II. Robert goes into Italy with an Army and is beaten by Galeaccius Vicount of Milan and forced to return into Germany X.   The Death of Bartholomew Albicius December 10. 1402  III. XI Isa-Zelebis is slain by his Brother Soliman who is declared Emperour of the Turks    1403 The Subtraction of Obedience to Benedict XIII is taken off in France on certain Conditions IV. XII  An Assembly of the Clergy in France held at Paris May 28. which took off the Subtraction  1404 Benedict proposes ways of Union to Boniface who dyed Octob. 1. The Cardinals of his Party chose on the 12 of the same Month Cosmatus Melioratus de Sulmona who took the Name of Innocent VII Ladislaus King of Naples makes himself Master of Rome and drives out Innocent V. XIII   Lucius Colutius presents to the King of France a Petition for the Florentines against the Faction of the Gibelines 1405. Innocent VII is recalled to Rome and Ladislaus's party driven out VI. XIV    1406 A New Subtraction of the French from their Obedience to Benedict Innocent VII dyed and the Cardinals of his Party chose Angelus de Corario who took the Name of Gregory XII upon condition he should procure the Peace of the Church by way of Cession VII XV.  An Assembly of the Clergy of France held at Paris Dec. 21. which renewed the Subtraction The Death of Lucius Colutius May 12. 1407 A Neutrality published in France in regard of the two Contenders for the Papacy Divers Embassages by the two Contending Popes and King of France to heal the Schism but all to no purpose IX XVI    1408 King Ladislaus makes himself Master of Rome April 25. The Cardinals withdraw their Obedience from the two Contendants and retreat to Pisa to make a new Election Gregory excommunicates them Benedict sends abusive Letters to the King of France His Couriers are arrested Process made against them and they are put in Prison IX XVII  An Assembly of the Clergy of France held at Paris from Aug. 11. to Nov. 5. which prescribed the manner of Mens behaviour under the Neutrality so long as the Schism lasted The Death of Hen. Kalkar The Death of Antonius Butrio Octob. 7. as some say but as others in 1417. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE Ecclesiastical Authors Of the Fourteenth AGE and their WORKS BONIFACE VIII CHosen in 1294 dyed Octob. 12. 1303. His Genuine Works which we have A Composure of Decretals called Sextus divided into five Books Constitutions Letters and Bulls extant in the History of the Difference of this Pope with Philip the Fair. In the Collection of Bulls and in the Annalists JAMES CAYETAN Cardinal Nephew of Pope Boniface was made Cardinal in 1295. His Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the Hundredth Year of Jubilee DINUS de MUGELLO Professor of Law Flourished in the beginning of this Age and dyed about 1303. His Genuine Works c. Several Books of Civil Law A Commentary upon the Rules of the Canon Law ENGELBERT Abbot of Admont Flourished at the same time His Genuine Works c. A Treatise about the Rise Growth and Fall of the Roman Empire Works Lost. See the Catalogue of them p. 49. STEVEN de SALAGNAC a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His MS. Work A Treatise of the Original of the Friers Preachers ANDREW of New-Castle a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Works which we have A Commentary upon the first Book of the Sentences RAINERIUS de PISA a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Work Pantheologia or a Theological Dictionary WILLIAM de NANGIS a Monk of S. Dennis Flourished till 1301. His Genuine Works c. Part of his Chronicle His Chronicles of the Kings of France The Lives of S. Lewis and Philip the Hardy BENEDICT XI Pope Raised to the Papacy Octob. 22. 1303. dyed July 8. 1304. His Genuine Works c. Letters about the quarrel of Boniface and Philip the Fair In the Acts of Boniface and Philip the Fair. THOMAS WICKE An Englishman and Canon Regular His Genuine Work c. A Chronicle of England A Work Lost. A Treatise of the Abbots of Osney JACOBUS de BENEDICTIS Flourished in the beginning of the Age dyed in 1306. His Genuine Works c. Hymns and Proses JUSTUS a Cistercian Abbot Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Work c. A Sermon at a Chapter of his Order JOANNES DUNS Surnamed Scotus a Grey Frier Flourished in the end of the third and beginning of the fourth Age and dyed in 1308. His Genuine Works which we have See the Catalogue p. 52. RICHARD de SIENNA Cardinal Flourished in the beginning of the Age and was one of those whom Boniface employed to compose the sixth Book of the Decretals Works Lost. Some Treatises of Law PETRUS de DACIA Flourished about the same time A Work Lost. A Kalendar PETRUS de BOSCO an Advocate and a Nameless Author Flourished in the beginning of this Age. Genuine Works c. Two Treatises against the Pretended Authority of the Pope over the Temporalties of Kings HENRY STERO A Monk of Altaich flourished till 1306. Genuine Works c. The Annals of Germany The History of the Emperors Rodolphus c. EVERARDUS Arch-deacon of Ratisbonne flourished about 1310. A Genuine Work The Continuation of the Annals of Stero JOANNES de JOINVILLO Martial of Champeigne flourished till 1310. A Genuine Work The Life of S. Lewis SIFFRIADUS A Priest flourished about 1310. A Genuine Work Part of his Chronicle of Germany HAITO A Canon Regular of Praemonstre Entred the Order of Praemonstre in 1290 and flourished till 1310. A Genuine Work which we have The History of his Voyage into the H. Land JOANNES MONACHUS Cardinal was made a Cardinal in 1294 and died 1313. A Genuine Work An Apparatus to the Sextus CLEMENT V. Pope raised to the Papacy in 1305 and died
or no he would resign up his Papal Dignity at such time as the Council should prescribe unto him But when the Cardinal refus'd to accept of this Proposal the Bishop of Ferden appeal'd in the Name of King Robert and signify'd in his Act of Appeal That it belong'd to the King of the Romans to call the Council and declar'd That since the Council of Pisa was assembled against his Will and without his Order it could Decree nothing against Gregory This Appeal he caus'd to be fix'd upon the Gates of the Church and then retir'd suddenly and secretly The 25th of March which was the Day appointed for the meeting of the Council being come it was open'd in the Cathedral of Pisa by the Cardinals of Palestrina Albano Ostia Puy Tuzi Saluces and St. Angelo of the Obedience of Benedict and by the Cardinals of Naples Aquileia The Council of Pisa. Colonna Ursini of Brancacio Ravenna Landi and St. Angelo who were of the Obedience of Gregory The Bishop of Meaux was present there in the Quality of Ambassador from the King of France and the Bishop of Gap in the Name of the King of Sicily with two Knights and a Secretary One Knight one Doctor and one Clergy-man were present from the King of England The Cardinals were plac'd on high Seats at the right Hand of the Entry into the Quire the Bishops and Abbots on both sides of the Nave of the Church and the Deputies of Chapters and Monasteries underneath them and the Ambassadors who were not Prelats and the Doctors in the Body of the Church The Processions the solemn Mass and other usual Prayers being ended two Cardinal-Deacons two Archbishops and two Bishops together with some Doctors and Notaries went by Order of the Council to the Gate of the Church and ask'd with a loud Voice Whether Peter de Luna and Angelus Corarius Competitors for the Papal Dignity were present or any one for them And no Person appearing they made their Report to the Council who nominated some Managers or Proctors in the Name of the Universal Church to plead enquire and do whatever should be necessary or expedient for the Extirpation of Schism against the two Competitors for the Pontificat and for the Union of the Church These Officers nam'd by the Council presently accused them and requir'd that they should be declar'd Contumacious in the Matter of Schism and of Faith and that they should be prouounc'd in Contempt They caus'd to be read the Acts by which the two Competitors had been summon'd and the Verbal Process of the Citation But the Council notwithstanding the Affair was now ripe put off any further Consulation about it until the next Session which was to be held to Morrow And then the Council caus'd them to be cited again as they were at first and when no Body appear'd for them they put off this Affair until the 30th of the next Month. When this Day was come the Competitors being call'd again and no Body appearing for them they were declar'd Contumacious in Matters of Faith and of Schism and the Sentence was pronounc'd against them by the Cardinal of Palestrina otherwise call'd of Poitiers with the unanimous Consent of the Fathers of the Council and the further Prosecution of this Affair was deferr'd till the 15th of April On this Day it was ordain'd That the Cardinal of Todi should be cited as adhering to Gregory and the Cardinals of St. Sabine St. Adrian St. Mary in via lata of Flisque and Challont as adhering to Benedict and that if the two Competitors and the Cardinals should not appear at this time they should proceed further against them The Cardinals of Milan and Bar who had been at the Assembly of Frankfort arriv'd in Pisa at this Session and brought with him ninety partly Archbishops and Bishops partly Abbots and Doctors who had not been present at the preceding Sessions The Ambassadors of Robert Duke of Bavaria Elect King of the Romans appear'd at the Fourth Session and proposed several Objections against the Authority of the Council and requir'd that it should be remov'd and assembled in another place at which Gregory offer'd to appear Their Reasons were demanded in Writing and Time was given them till the 24th of the same Month to bring in their Answer Charles Malatesta of Rimini made the same Demand of the Council on behalf of Gregory and propos'd more Difficulties Two Cardinals of each Obedience were deputed to confer with him who gave him to understand that he could not hope to obtain what he demanded and answer'd his Objections Notwithstanding this Remonstrance they went on with the Process and after they had ask'd at the Church-gate if any of the two Competitors were come they were declar'd anew to be Contumacious and the next Session was put off to the 24th In this Session the Advocate of the Council alledg'd all the Facts concerning the Schism from its first beginning and from thence prov'd the Collusion the erroneous Proceedings and the unworthiness of the two Competitors in 57 Articles and requir'd in the Name of the Proctor of the Council That the Assembly should declare that the Union of the two Colleges was lawful and just that the Cardinals had Power to appoint the General Council and that the City of Pisa was a fit Place for holding the Assembly That the Citations given to the two Competitors should be confirm'd and that they should be reputed Contumacious and their Favourers and Adherents should be depriv'd of all their Dignities Benefices and Offices and that it should be lawful for the Secular Judges to punish and chastise them in case they should oppose the Decree that was to pass against them and that Kings and Princes should be absolv'd from their Oaths and from any Obligation of Obedience to the two Competitors He added That altho' the Facts alledg'd against them were notorious yet he requir'd that the Council should name Commissioners to inform themselves more fully about them The Council from this Day declar'd that the College of Cardinals being united had Power to call the Council and that in the present Circumstances they had the Right to do it That this General Council representing the Church Universal was lawfully assembled and had Power to proceed to a Definitive Sentence That the number of Prelats now assembled was sufficient That the City of Pisa was a place very commodious That Peter de Luna and Angelus Corarius had been sufficiently summon'd and cited to the Council The Remainder was put off to the next Session which was appointed to be held on the last Day of March Some time after Simon de Craâ—aut Patriarch of Constantinople the Deputies of the Universities the Ambassadors of the Dukes of Brabant Holland and Liege those of the King of England * Viz. Robert Hallum Bishop of Salisbury Henry Chichely Bishop of St. Davids and the Prior of Canterbury who were chosen Ambassadors in a Synod held as London the beginning of
the Year 1409 and arriv'd at Pisa April 25th with whom were sent also Thomas an Abbot the Earl of Suffolk John Colme Kt. and Richard Canyngston Doctor of the Laws Dachery's Spicileg Tom. 6. p. 346. the Archbishops of Mayence and Collen arriv'd at Pisa. In the 6th Session the Bishop of Salisbury Ambassador from the King of England made a Discourse to the Council taking for his Text the Words of the 83d Psalm Justice and Judgment are the preparation of your Throne from which he exhorted the Fathers of the Council to Peace and said he had full Power from the King his Master as to all things which were to be treated of in the Council Nothing else was done in this Session and the next was appointed to be May the 4th In the mean time the Cardinals of Bourdeaux and Spain arriv'd at Pisa. The Council being Assembled on the Day appointed Peter de Ancharano a Dr. of Bologne made a Discourse wherein he answered some Questions propos'd by the Ambassadors of the King of the Romans altho' they were absent for they had withdrawn themselves from the 21st of April after they had publish'd on the 9th of the same Month an Act of Appeal against all that the Council had done or should do and show'd That the Objections were of no Force That the Competitors had been lawfully Summon'd That the Council had Power to proceed against them That the Intention was to procure the Peace of the Church and on the contrary the Design of the Ambassadors of the Duke of Bavaria was to hinder it In this Session Commissioners were Nam'd to receive and examine the Depositions of Witnesses that should be produc'd by the Proctor of the Council who were the Cardinals of Landi and St. Angelo for the two Colleges the Bishops of Liseaux and the three Drs. for France and one Dr. for England It was also ordain'd That the Council should send Deputies to Laodislaus who call'd himself the King of Sicily to pacifie him The next Session was put off to the 10th of May. In a Congregation which was held before the General Assembly of the 8th Session the Council nam'd Deputies to assist in the Assemblies of the College of Cardinals that all things might be done by common Agreement The same Day the Cardinal of Albano told the Assembly That he was inform'd that the Ambassadors of Peter de Luna wou'd quickly come to Pisa and that they must consider how they should be receiv'd About this there was a Consultation the next Day being the 9th of May and on the Day following being that of the Session the Proctor of the Council requir'd That they should Decree that the Union of the two Colleges was lawfully made That they were now become but one College That they should declare the Calling of the Council to be Legal by them That the Council was held in a secure and fit place That it represented the Church Universal and that the Cognizance and Decision of what concern'd the Union and Peace of the Church and the Extirpation of the Schism belong'd to them When it was demanded If all of them were of this Opinion the greater part answer'd affirmatively But the Bishops of Salisbury and Evreux remonstrated as to the first Head of this Demand That there could not be an Union of the two Colleges as long as the Cardinals of Benedict obey'd him as they did while all the rest refus'd to acknowledge Gregory the 12th That it was necessary there should be a general withdrawing of Obedience from them Many more Things were said upon this Subject The Patriarchs of Alexandria the Germans and French were of this Opinion but the Cardinals of Benedict who had not yet withdrawn their Obedience from him could hardly be brought to any Resolution in this Case In fine the Proctor of the Council having mounted into a Pulpit demanded still That in consideration of the Contumacy of the two Competitors who were notoriously guilty of continuing a Schism in the Church by their Collusion contrary to the Oaths they had taken the Council would pronounce and declare That from the time it had been manifest the two Competitors had no mind to procure the Peace of the Church by the means they had sworn to make use of it had been lawful to subtract Obedience from them and that now they ought no more to be obey'd He ask'd if this was the Opinion of the whole Council and every one answer'd in the Affirmative with Joy except two Bishops the one of England and the other of Germany But notwithstanding their Opinion the Matter was determin'd according to the Demand of the Proctor and the Patriarch of Alexandria having mounted into a Pulpit together with the Bishop of Salisbury pronounc'd the Definitive Sentence by the Authority of the Council The Proctor demanded That it should be drawn up in the Form of an authentick Act which was granted him and the next Session was put off to the 8th Day that the Commissioners might have time to examine Witnesses The 9th Session was held the 17th of May and the Act of Subtraction which had been drawn up by some Doctors and review'd in private Congregations was then presented and the Proctor demanded that it should be read in full Council The Patriarch took the Act mounted into the Pulpit and read it with a loud Voice It contain'd That the Council judg'd it had been lawful to subtract Obedience from the two Competitors ever since it was evidently prov'd That they had no mind to procure Union by the way of Resignation as they had sworn to do That all Christians ought to subtract the Obedience from them That the Council did Null and make Void all Sentences which the Competitors might have given or should give against those that did subtract Obedience from them That those who were Judges in the Council might be Witnesses against them That the Commissioners might draw up Articles of Accusation and a Verbal process of Interrogatories as they should think convenient In the 10th Session which was held the 22d of the same Month the Proctor caus'd the Advocate to inform the Council That the Commissioners had heard Witnesses and put the Depositions in Order and that they were ready to make the Report of them to the Council by the Mouth of the Archbishop of Pisa. The Council agreed to this Proposal and Deputies were sent to the Church-gate to know if any of the two Competitors who had been cited to hear the Depositions of Witnesses would appear but they not being present nor any one for them they were declar'd Contumacious and it was ordain'd That the Prosecutors might proceed further to draw up a Process against them and publish the Depositions of the Witnesses After this the Arch-bishop of Pisa went up into the Pulpit and caus'd to be read the Articles propos'd against the Competitors in the 10th Session and observ'd upon each Article by how many Witnesses it was prov'd and of what
was resolv'd That some part of what they had to say should be heard but they could not endure that this King's Ambassadors should give him the Title of Pope Benedict the 13th And when the Archbishop of Tarragona and the other Ambassadors of Peter de Luna entred a great Tumult was made But John de Costa who had formerly been Bishop of Mende being their Orator did first of all remonstrate That there being an Agreement between the Florentines and Cardinals by which every one is forbidden to oppose any thing that had been done in a Council he could not propose what he had to say unless assurance were given him That he might speak with freedom notwithstanding this Agreement The Council answer'd him That they could not dispense with this Law yet he might say what he thought was to the purpose Hereupon the Ambassadors of the King of Arragon and of Peter de Luna desir'd to see the Articles of that Agreement and that this Matter might be delay'd till the Morrow which was granted them but the Ambassadors of Peter de Luna withdrew without demanding Audience On Saturday the 19th of the same Month of June the Bishop of Navarre having made a Discourse upon these Words in Ch. 10. of the 4th Book of Kings Choose ye one better and set him upon the Throne The Cardinals towards the Evening entred into the Conclave to the Number The Election of Alexander the V. of 24 and there continued until the 26th of the same Month in which time they chose Unanimously for Pope Peter Philaret of Candie the Cardinal of Milan of the Order of Friars Minors who assum'd the Name of Alexander the 5th and immediately appointed a Session of the Council on the first of July next He presided in Person at this Session being seated on a high Chair among the Five Patriarchs and having read the Decree of his Election he made a Discourse to the Council and then order'd the Cardinal of Bononia to read a Decree whereby First He approv'd and ratisied all the Processes Sentences and Regulations which had been made by the Cardinals for the Union of the Church since the 5th of May 1408. and all that had been done in the General Council provided the Errors either in Matter of Right and Fact were corrected if any such there were as much as was necessary Secondly He United the two Colleges of Cardinals into one only Thirdly He dissolv'd the Difficulty concerning the Benefices of Cardinal Challant who had continued longer with Peter de Luna than the rest by remitting to him any Impediment he might have contracted by his slowness in forsaking that Faction He added That he would so order Matters that the Prelats who had come to the Council should return with contentment that he would labour hard for the Reformation of the Church as he had promis'd and that he would chuse Persons of Probity and Vertue to consult with the Cardinals about it After this it was order'd That he should be Crown'd the next Sunday and then the Council adjourn'd till Wednesday the 10th of July In the 21st Session the Pope was Complemented in the Name of the Florentines and those of Siena and order'd a Decree to be publish'd wherein he declares to be Null and perfectly makes Void all the Sentences that had been given by the two Competitors during the time of the Schism against those that were not of their Obedience or who had embrac'd Neutrality while the Difficulty lasted of determining which of the two was the true Pope and Vicar of Jesus Christ. The next Session was put off to the Wednesday following and after that the Council was Prorogu'd to the 27th of July upon the account of the Arrival of Louis of Anjou King of Sicily In this Session the Pope caus'd the Cardinal Challant to publish a Decree wherein he approv'd and ratify'd all the Collations Provisions Promotions Translations of Bishopricks Dignities Benefices Ecclesiastical Offices all the Consecrations of Bishops Ordinations of Clergy-men and other Acts done by the two Competitors or their Predecessors or by their Order or their Authority in such Places where Obedience was freely paid them provided they were done Canonically and that those who were promoted had been in peaceable Possession excepting what had been done to the prejudice of the Union or of those that adhere'd to the Council particularly since the 3d of May in 1408. with respect to Angelus Corarius and since the 15th of July in the same Year with respect to Peter de Luna He confirm'd also all the Elections Postulations Presentations Institutions Collations c. made Canonically by the Electors Ordinaries Patrons c. to those who adher'd to the Council he maintain'd all those who were in peaceable Possession of Benefices to which they had been promoted by the ordinary ways yet without derogating from the Regulations which had been made at Paris in the last Assembly of The Council of Aquileia the Clergy of France or from the Rights of the Cardinals and particularly the Cardinal of Albano He declar'd That he would proceed against the Favourers of Peter de Luna and Angelus Corarius and ordain'd that he or his Successor shall appoint another General Council to meet in the Year 1412. in the Month of April at a convenient place which shall be fix'd a Year before their meeting He declar'd also That if the Cardinal de Flisque will return within two Months he shall be received in the Quality of Cardinal and enjoy the Benefices he had before the 15th of June 1408. He confirm'd also the Dispensations and Absolutions in Reserv'd Cases agreed upon by the Bishops during the Neutrality He caus'd the Archbishop of Pisa to publish That he remitted to all the Churches the Arrears of great and mean Services which were due to the Apostolick Chamber until the Day of his Election That he did not intend to heap up to himself the Spoils of dead Bishops nor the Profits which should arise out of vacant Benefices He pray'd the Cardinals to make the same Allowance to all the Churches and Ecclesiasticks which was approv'd by all the Prelats of the Council except the Cardinal of Albano who opposed it These Regulations being finish'd the next Session was deferred till the 7th of August This was the last Session of the Council of Pisa wherein the Pope ordain'd That the Revenues of the Church of Rome and other Churches should neither be alienated nor mortgaged by the Pope or other Prelats until the next Council That in the mean time the Archbishops and Bishops should call their Provincial Councils the Monks and Canons Regular should hold their General and Provincial Chapters That the Pope should make no Translation against the Will of the Parties concerned That Ambassadors should be sent to Kings and Christian Princes to notify the Acts of the Council and cause them to execute what had been ordained in it He granted a Plenary Indulgence and Absolution both from Pain and
Discourse which he spoke in the Council of Basil is printed in the Twelfth Tome of the Councils Trithemius assures us That he wrote also many Sermons of Time and of Saints and upon the Magnificat some Questions and Conferences We may also place in the Rank of Ecclesiastical Writers John Polemar Arch-deacon of Barcelona John Polemar Arch-deacon of Barcelona a Doctor of Vienna who open'd the Council of Basil and made there many Discourses among the rest one about the Temporal Dominion of the Clergy against the Discourse of Peter Payne an English-man which is printed in the Twelfth Tome of the Councils John Patriarch of Antioch who was present at the Council of Basil in the Year 1434. wrote John Patriarch of Antioch a Treatise of the Superiority of the Council above the Pope which is at the end of the Acts of this Council At the same time and in the same Council flourish'd John Archbishop of Taranto who John Arch-bishop of Taranto made an Harangue to the Fathers of the Council which is in the Acts of that Council where there is also a Discourse of Gerard Landrianus Bishop of Lodi Ambassador from the Council to the King of England and his Council and many other Discourses of the same Nature Gerard Landrianus Bishop of Lodi which are to be found 〈◊〉 the Acts of the Council of Basil. Jordan of Brice a Civilian Consistorial Advocate and Grand Judge of the Province in the Year 14â—3 wrote a Pâ—ece at the desire of the Cardinal of Foix to defend the Election of Eugeaius IV. against the Objections made by Cardinal Dominick of Capranica This Cardinal was Jordanus Brixius a Civilian Dominick of Capranica Cardinal advanc'd to his Dignity by Martin V. on the 24th of May in 1426. together with the Bishop of Lorida Prosper Colonna and Julian Caesarine but his Promotion was kept secret until the Death of Martin V. which happen'd six Years after at which time he had done no Office belonging to a Cardinal When this Pope died Capranica came to enter into the Conclave by Vertue of the Decree of Nomination Sign'd by the Cardinals importing That in Case Martin V. should die before the Publication of this Nomination the Cardinals chosen should be publish'd immediately after and admitted into the Conclave yet the College of Cardinals would not receive him and the Eâ—ection was made without him He was also cited before the Cardinals whom Eugenius appointed to judge of this Affair but he appeal'd from them to the Council of Basil whither he came in Person and there he was acknowledg'd for Cardinal Nevertheless he was Reconcil'd to Pope Eugenius and waited upon him at Florence where he receiv'd a Cardinals Hâ—t from his Hand and liv'd after that till the Year 1458. in great Credit at the Court of Rome While he was at the Council of Basil some would have made use of his Exclusion to nullifie the Election of Eugenius IV Upon which Question the Civilian of whom we are speaking wrote in favour of Eugenius IV. and proves First That the Decree of Nomination made by Martin V. is null Secondly That the Consent which the Cardinals gave Jordanus Brixius the Civilian to it is also null and does not oblige them at all Thirdly That tho' this Decree should be of some force yet the Eâ—ection of Eugenius would be valid and that the Exclusion of Capranica did not make it null These are the three Points which this Author handles after the method of the Canonists in his Consultation publish'd by Monsieur Baluzius in the third Tome of his Miscellanies together with the Funeral Oration of the Cardinal of Capranica made by Baptista Poggio his Son The Cardinal of Capranica wrote also some Treatises as an Introduction for the Administration Dominic of Capranica Cardinal of the Pontificat the Art of dying well a Discourse to Alphonsus King of Naples some Letters to Philelphus and some other Works Alphonsus Tostatus a Spaniard finish'd his Studies in the University of Salamanca at the Alphonsus Tostatus Bishop of Avila Age of 22 Years and made so great Progress in all Sciences that he was fit to Teach them at that Age and did it He was present at the Council of Basil and was afterwards made Bishop of Avila and advanc'd to the chief Offices in the Kingdom of Spain He died in the Year 1454 aged 40 Years and was inter'd in the Church of Avila with this Epitaph Hic stupor est mundi qui scibile diseutit omne In effect his Memory was burden'd with an infinite number of things and he was an able Man in all Sciences But what is most astonishing is this That in the time of a very short Life he could not only study so many different things but also write such a great number of Volumes upon all sorts of Subjects for there is scarce any Author whose Works amount to so great a Collection There are 27 Volumes in Folio of them whereof the first 24 are Commentaries upon the following Books of Scripture The first upon Genesis the second and third upon Exodus the fourth upon Leviticus the fifth and sixth upon the Book of Numbers the seventh upon Deuteronomy the eighth and ninth upon Joshua the tenth upon the Books of Judges and Ruth the eleventh and twelfth upon the first Book of Kings the thirteenth fourteenth and fifteenth upon the three other Books the sixteenth and seventeenth upon the Book of Chronicles the seven following Volumes upon the Gospel of St. Matthew The twenty fifth contains his Tracts which are the Defence of three Conclusions a Book of five figur'd Paradoxes a little piece of the Trinity another upon these Words A Virgin shall bring forth a Son a Work against Concubinary Priests a Treatise of the State of Souls after Death and another of Good Politicks the two last Tomes are Tables All these Works were printed at Venice in 1530. by the Order of Cardinal Ximenes at the same place in 1596. and at Collen in 1612. 'T is the last Edition which is in twenty seven Volumes Besides this there are also some other Treatises of Tostatus printed a-part by themselves as the Censure of the Conference at Ratisbonne printed in 1608. a Commentary upon the Chronicle of Eusebius in Spanish printed at Salamanca in 1506. fourteen Questions whereof the first four are an Abridgment of the History of Scripture and the rest of the Morality printed in Spanish at Antwerp in 1551. He wrote also many other Books as well upon Profane Sciences as Ecclesiastical Matters among the rest a Treatise of five Laws i. e. of the Law of Nature of the Law of Moses of the Laws of Pagans of those of Mahomet and the Laws of Christians A Treatise of the Origin and Distinction of Jurisdictions A Treatise of the Power of the Pope A Treatise of the Reformation of the Church A Treatise of Indulgences A Treatise of the Councils A Work against the Jews and
the Council from Florence to Rome by the Bull of Eugenius dated May the 3d. An Assembly at Frankfurt for the holding a New General Council Flavius Blondus John Ernest. Henry of Werlis Andrew of Utreckt Flourish'd Leonard Aretin died the 9th of March aged 74 Years The Death of Gerard of Stredam Augustine of Rome died in this Year or rather in 1445. 1443 XIII IV. XXI 1443. A Letter of the Eastern Patriarchs against Metrophanes Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Metrophanes on the 1st of August Gregory the Protosyncelle chosen in his room A Council at Jerusalem against Metrophanes the Patriarch of Constantinople held in the Month of April A Translation of the Council of Basil to Lausane by the Decree of May the 16th An Assembly at Nuremberg held about the Feast of St. Martin for the Peace of the Church  1444 XIV V. XXII 1444. Decrees of the Pope Eugenius for the Syrians Caldeans Nestorians Maronites and other Sects in the East  The Birth of Aelius Anthony le Brixa or Nebrissensis St. Bernardin of Siena died the 20th of May. The Death of Julian Caesâ—in a Cardinal 1445 XV. VI. XXIII The Death of the Emperor John Manuel Palaeologus on the 31st of October His Son Constantine succeeded him 1445. The Council of Roan The Death of John Tudeschus who was call'd Panormitanus 1446 XVI VII I. 1446.  St. Antonine is made Archbishop of Naples in the Month of February Albert of Sarciano wrote his Treatise about the Rebukes that were due to Insolent Men. Nicolas Cusanus was nominated Cardinal December 20th Bartholomew a Carthusian died the 12th of July The Death of William Lyndwood 1447 The Death of Eugenius IV. Febr. the 23d Nicolas V. is chosen in his room on the 6th of March. VIII II. 1447.   1448 II. IX III. 1448. The Council of Anger 's Gerard Machel died the 17th of July 1449 III. Felix Renounced the Papal Dignity and so put an end to the Schism X. IV. 1449.  Matthew Palmier finish'd his Chronicle John of Stavelo finish'd his Chronicle and died 1450 IV. XI V. 1450.  John of Turrecremata is promoted to the Bishoprick of Ozenle in Gallicia which he quitted for that of Albano in Italy Laurence Justinian is advanc'd to the Dignity of Patriarch of Aquileia John Capgrave John Canales Flourish'd The Death of Albert of Sarciano 1451 V. XII VI. Amirath the Emperor of the Turks dies in the Month of February and his Son Mahomet II. succeeded him 1451. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against two Propositions contrary to the Rights of Parish-Priests advanc'd at Roan by John Bartholomew of the Order of Friars Minors  John of Hagen or of Indagine James of Clusa of Paradise or Junterbuck Flourish'd 1452 VI. XIII VII 1452.  Henry Kaltesein is made Archbishop of Nidrosia or Dront in Norway and of Caesarea The Death of Peter of Jeremy 1453 VII XIV VIII The Taking of the City of Constantinople by the Turks under the Command of Mahomet II on the 29th of May. The Emperor Constantine was kill'd in it and the Empire of the Greeks at Constantinople ended in his Person 1453. The Pope imposes Tenths upon the Clergy for a War against the Turks   1454 VIII XV. John II. King of Castile died the 10th of July Henry IV. his Son succeeded him  1454.  The Death of Alphonsus Tostatus 1455 The Death of Nicolas V. on the 25th of March. Callistus III. is chosen in his room on the 8th of April XVI  1455. The beginning of the Contest between Sigismund Duke of Austria and the Cardinal of Cusa about the execution of the Cardinals Jurisdiction in his Bishoprick of Brixen The Duke is cited by the Pope  Laurence Justinian dies on the 8th of January The Death of John of Anagnia 1456 II.  XVII 1456. An Appeal made by the University of Paris from a Bull of Pope Nicolas V. against the Rights of Parish-Priests in favour of the Regulars Mendicants who are Expell'd the University A Revocation of that Bull by Calistus III. The Council of Soissons St. John Capistran dies the 3d of October aged 71 Years 1457 III.  XVIII 1457. The Regulars Mendicants renounce the Bull and are at last restor'd to the University The Pope imposes Tenths for a War against the Turks   1458 The Death of Callistus III. on the 6th of August Pius II. is chosen on the 19th of the same Month. I.  XIX Alphonsus King of Arragon dies at Naples on the 27th of June John his Brother succeeds him 1458. Pope Pius renews the Censures of his Predecessor against the Duke of Austria who appeals from him to a Council and Gregory of Heimburg draws up the Act of Appeal  Alphonsus Spina writes his Treatise entituled The Fortress of Faith The Death of Dominic Capranica The Death of Maphaus Vegius 1459 II.  XX. 1459. The Imposition of Tenths for a War against the Turks which Germany would not endure The Duke of Austria takes the Cardinal of Cusa Prisoner who could not obtain his Liberty without paying a great Ransom  St. Antonin finishes his Historical Sum and dies the 2d of May aged 70 Years The Death of John Baptista Poggio 1460 III. XXI Henry VI. K. of England is Conquer'd by Richard Duke of York who causes himself to be declar'd King This latter was overcome and slain by Queen Margaret the Daughter of Renatus Duke of Anjou 1460. Bulls of Excommunication by the Pope dated August the 2d against the Duke of Austria and his Adherents Another Bull of Excommunication of October 18th against Gregory of Heimburg who wrote Notes upon it and made a Reproachful Appeal against this Bull.   VVilliam of Vorilong Nicolas of Orbellis Gregory of Heimburg Theodore Laelius Henry Gorcome or Goricheme John Gobelin Henry Arnold Matthew Camaride George Codinus VVilliam Houpelande Flourish'd 1461 IV. XXII Charles VII K. of France dies on the 22d of July in the 30th Year of his Reign and Louis XI his Son succeeds him Edward IX Son of Richard drove away Henry VI. and Margaret his Wife and is declar'd King of England in the Month of June 1461   James Picolomini is made Cardinal Denis Rickel a Carthusian John of Grinstrode John Canneman John of Malines John of Nivelle James Zenus Flourish'd 1462 V. XXIII 1462.   The Birth of John Trithemeus on the 1st of February Ducas a Greek Author finish'd his Byzantine History 1463 VI. XXIV 1463.   St. Katharine of Bologne died the 9th of March and Flavius Blondus the 4th of June Leonicus Calchondylus finish'd his History of the Turks The Birth of John Picus of Mirandula 1464 Pius II. dies on the 14th of August Paul II. is chosen the 1st of September I. XXV  1464. The Institution of the Order of the Knights of the Moon by Renatus Duke of Anjou  John of Turrecremata exchang'd his Bishoprick of Albano
and published by Sir Henry Savil A. D. 1596. and at Francfurt in 1601. Father Mabillon has likewise set forth in the first Tome of his Benedictin Centuries the Life of St. Adelm Bishop of Salisbury compos'd by this Author who died A. D. 1143. JOHN OF HEXAM a Native of the County of Northumberland Monk and Provost of the John of Hexam Provost of Hagulstadt Sylvester Girald Bishop of St. Davids Monastery of Hagulstadt flourished about the Year 1160. He made a Continuation of Simeon of Durham's History of the Kings of England and Denmark from A. D. 1130. to 1154. This Work is extant among those of the other English Historians printed at London in 1652. SYLVESTER GIRALD born in Wales flourished in the end of the Reign of King Henry II. to whom he dedicated a Natural History a Topography of Ireland and a History in form of a Prediction of the Conquest of Ireland by that Monarch printed at Antwerp These Works were published by Mr. Camden and printed at Francfurt in 1602. He also wrote an Itinerary of Wales upon a Visitation there made by him with Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury to excite the People of that Country to undertake a Voyage to the Holy Land This last Work is extant among the others and was likewise printed at London in 1585. with a Description of the same Country of Wales Besides these Pieces he wrote the Lives of several Saints and died Bishop of St. Davids in the beginning of the following Century One of his Letters is contain'd in Archbishop Usher's Collection of the Letters of Ireland and divers other Works of this Author are found among the Manuscripts of the publick Libraries of England ROGER OF HOVEDEN an Officer under King Henry II. and afterwards Regius Professor Roger Hoveden Regius Professor of Divinity of Divinity in the University of Oxford compos'd the Annals of England from the Year 731. where Venerable Bede ends to 1202. This Work is among those of the English Historians published by Sir Henry Savil and printed at London A. D. 1595 as also at Francfurt in 1601. Historiographers of the Crusade THE History of the Famous Crusade instituted under Pope Urban II. and the Conquests which the Western People made in the Levant from the Year 1095. to 1099. have afforded Matter to many contemporary Historians the greater part of whom were Eye-witnesses of the Transactions related by them The First of these Historiographers is PETRUS THEUTBODUS who saw the most part of Petrus Theutbodus A Nameless Italian Author the memorable Actions which he has committed to Writing and from whom those that wrote after him took a considerable Part of their Relations The Second is a NAMELESS Italian Author who accompanied Boamond King of Sicily in the Expedition to the Holy Land His Work is known by the Title of The notable Exploits of the French and other Christians of Jerusalem and divided into Four Books The Third is ROBERT a Monk of St. Remy at Rheims who assisted in the Council of Clermont Robert Monk of S. Remy at Rheims in the Year 1095. and afterwards made a Voyage to the Holy Land At his return he wrote the History of the War of Jerusalem divided into Eight or Nine very short Books He excuses himself in the Preface upon account of the roughness of his Style The Fourth is BAUDRY Abbot of Bourgueil who was afterwards ordain'd Bishop of Dol A. D. Baudry Bishop of Dol. 1114 and died January 27. 1131. His History is divided into Four Books but he was not an Eye-witness of what he relates although he assisted in the Council of Clermont Therefore he contents himself only to follow and to supply the defects of an ancient nameless History which was ill written inserting such Accounts as he had receiv'd from others This Author likewise wrote the Life of St. Hugh Archbishop of Rouen and a Tract concerning the Monastery of Fescamp published in the Book called Neustria pia To him also is attributed the Life of Robert d'Arbrisselles which is in Surius and the History of the Translation of St. Valentin's Head which is extant in Bollandus's Collection in Febr. 14. Moreover it is observ'd that he is the Author of the Life of St. Samson and that he promises certain Notes on the Pentateuch in the Preface to his History Lastly 't is reported that there is a small Manuscript Tract of the same Bishop Baudry concerning the Visitation of the Sick in the Library of Vienna in Austria He was employ'd in writing his History near the end of his Life The Fifth is RAIMOND D'AGILES Canon of Puy and Chaplain to the Count of Thoulouse Raimond d'Agiles who was an Eye-witness He wrote this History at the Request of Peter Ponce de Baladin a particular Friend of the said Count who was kill'd in the Siege of Arache and dedicated it to the Bishop of Viviers The Sixth is ALBERT or ALBERIC Canon of Aix in Provence who compos'd his History Albert or Alberiâ— Canon of Aix Foucher Monk of Chartres Gautier the Chancellor from the Relations of others It is extended to the Second Year of the Reign of Baldwin II. that is to say to A. D. 1120. The Seventh is FOUCHER a Monk of Chartres who accompanied Robert Duke of Normandy in the Expedition to the Holy Land A. D. 1095. His History is carried on to the Year 1124. But Guibert of Nogent accuses him of having written fabulous Narrations GAUTIER or GAUTERIUS who assumes the Quality of Chancellor is the Eighth He published an History of the Advantages obtain'd by the Western Christians at Antioch A. D. 1115. and of the Misfortunes that befel them in 1119. He was an Eye-witness of those Occurrences and was taken Prisoner in the War but his History is not very accurate The Ninth is GUIBERT Abbot of Nogent an Author of great Note whose Works deserve Guibert Abbot of Nogent A Nameless Author Another Nameless Writer William Archbishop of Tyre to be specified in a separate Article The Tenth is a NAMELESS Writer who has only made an Abridgment of Foucher's History to the Year 1106. where he ended The Eleventh is another Anonymous Author who compos'd a Relation of the same Transactions under the Title of the History of Jerusalem It was divided into Two Parts but the Second is only extant which begins at the Year 1110. and ends in 1124. This Author has in like manner only follow'd Foucher The Twelfth and most considerable of the Writers of this History is WILLIAM Archbishop of Tyre who has deduc'd it from the beginning of the Crusade to the Year 1183. in XXIII Books It is probable that this Author was a Native of Syria however he passed very young into the Western Countries and having compleated his Studies return'd to the Levant where he was ordain'd Arch-deacon of the Church of Tyre A. D. 1167. Afterwards he was employ'd in the Negociations that were transacted between the Kings of Jerusalem
and the Greek Emperors and at last was advanc'd to the Dignity of Archbishop of Tyre in the Month of May 1174. In 1179. he assisted in the Council of Lateran the Acts of which were drawn up by him He return'd from Italy by Constantinople and after having resided some time at the Court of the Emperor Manuel Comnenus arriv'd at Tyre twenty Months after his departure The Patriarchal See of Jerusalem being then vacant William of Tyre was nominated to fill it up but a certain Clerk of Auvergne named Heraclius Archbishop of Coesarea was preferr'd before him nevertheless William refus'd to acknowledge his Election and cited him to Rome where he went incontinently and was kindly entertain'd by the Pope In the mean while Heraclius before he came thither sent a Physitian who poyson'd William of Tyre But the later foretold before his Death that the Christians should lose the City of Jerusalem and the real Cross under the Government of Heraclius which happen'd a little while after William of Tyre wrote his History by the Order of Amaury King of Jerusalem He makes use of the Memoires of other Historians to the Reign of Baldwin III. and afterward relates such Matters as felâ— within the compass of his own knowledge but the Twenty third Book is not finished His Style is plain and natural shewing much Sagacity of Judgment Modesty and Learning with respect to the time when he liv'd He likewise compos'd the History of the Levantine Princes from the Year 614. to 1184. but this Work is not as yet come to our Hands The Thirteenth Historiographer is JAMES DE VITRY who did not flourish till the following James de Vitry Cardinal Century This Author after having been Curate of Argenteuil became a Regular Canon in the Monastery of Oignies in the Diocess of Namur He preached up the Crusade against the Albigeois and afterwards against the Saracens and took upon him the Cross for the Holy War in Palestine He was ordain'd Archbishop of Ptolemais and at last by way of Recompence for the Services he had done the See of Rome was invited thither by Pope Honorius III. and created Cardinal He was also sent into France in Quality of Legate to preach up a new Crusade against the Albigeois and at his return to Rome died there A. D. 1244. after having order'd his Body to be convey'd to Oignies His History is divided into Three Books in the First of which he gives an Account of the State of the Eastern Churches in the Second of that of the Western and in the last of the Occurrences which happen'd in the Levant in his time There is also extant a Letter by the same Author about the taking of Damietta which follows his History and another Letter containing a Relation of the Transactions before Damietta which was written in 1219. to Pope Honorius III and published by Father Dachery in the Eighth Tome of his Spicilegium The Fourteenth is a NAMELESS Author who liv'd at that time and wrote the History of A Nameless Author Oliver of Colen Jerusalem from the Year 1177. to 1190. To these Histories may be added divers Letters written by several Kings Princes and Prelates to Lewes the Young King of France as also a Relation of the taking of Damietta by Oliver of Colen and some other Monuments gather'd together by Bongarsius in his Collection of the Historiographers of the Crusade call'd Gesta Dei per Francos printed at Hanaw A. D. 1611. in which all the Works but now recited are contain'd Some of them were printed separately as the History by Robert Monk of St. Remy of which there is an old Edition without the Printer's Name or the Date of the Year and another at Basil in 1533. There is only one part of Foucher's History in this Collection but M. du Chesne has published it entire among the Works of the French Historiographers Alberic's History was printed at Helmstadt in 1589. under the Title of the Chronicle of Jerusalem that of William of Tyre was published by Poisnot and printed at Basil in 1546. and afterward by Henry de Pantaleon printed at the same Place in 1560. And lastly James de Vitry's History was printed at Doway in 1597. Writers of Chronicles and particular Histories HUGH a Monk of Verdun and afterwards Abbot of Flavigny in the Dutchy of Burgundy Hugh Abbot of Flavigny composed a Chronicle of Verdun divided into Two Parts one of which begins at the Nativity of Jesus Christ and ends in the Year 1002. and the other continues the History to 1102. This Work was published by Father Labbé who gives a very great Character of it in the first Tome of his new Library of Manuscripts but the second Part is much more valuable than the first BAUDRY Secretary to Gerard I. Lietbert and Gerard II. Bishops of Cambray afterward Chanter Baudry Bishop of Noyon and Terouane Leo Cardinal and Canon of Terouane and at last Bishop of Noyon and Terouane wrote the History of the Churches of Cambray and Arras under the Title of the Chronicle of Cambray published by Colvenerius and printed at Doway A. D. 1615. This Author was ordain'd Bishop in the Year of our Lord 1097. and died in 1112. LEO OF MARSI a Monk and Library-Keeper of Mount Cassin was made Bishop of Sessa and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia by Pope Paschal II. A. D. 1101. He escap'd by flight from Rome with John Bishop of Frescati when that Pope was apprehended by the Emperor Henry V. and run all about Italy to excite the People to take up Arms in his defence He also sign'd a Bull of the same Pope Paschal II. in 1115. and died a little while after He wrote a Chronicle of the Abbey of Mount Cassin divided into Three Books which begins at the time of St. Benedict and ends in that of the Abbot Desiderius who was chosen Pope under the Name of Victor III. This Chronicle was printed at Venice A. D. 1513. at Paris with that of Aimoin in 1603. at Naples in 1616. and again at Paris in 1668. It is reported that there are some other Manuscript Tracts of this Author Another Cardinal Leo. particularly certain Sermons and Lives of the Saints c. In the Vatican Library are to be seen several Letters of another LEO in like manner Cardinal Deacon who was promoted to that Dignity by Urban II. and who made a Register of the Letters written by the same Pope HARIULPHUS a Monk of St. Riquier compos'd a Chronicle of his Abbey printed in the Hariulphus Monk of S. Riquier fourth Tome of Father Dachery's Spicilegium the Life of St. Arnoul of Soissons published by Surius a Treatise of the Miracles of St. Riquier and the Life of St. Maldegiâ—ilus set forth by Father Mabillon in his Benedictin Centuries This Author wrote in the beginning of the Twelfth Century RAINERIUS a Monk of St. Laurence at Liege who flourished A. D. 1130. is the Author of a Rainerius Monk