action_n at_o the_o laird_n of_o garthlands_n instance_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n ker_n upon_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v refuse_v to_o reduce_v a_o infeftment_n albeit_o a_o mere_a donation_n and_o make_v likewise_o by_o the_o grandfather_n to_o his_o own_o grandchild_n and_o that_o because_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o infeftment_n be_v neither_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v thereof_o bankrupt_a and_o non_fw-la solvendo_fw-la nor_o be_v he_o become_v such_o since_o neither_o have_v the_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n for_o his_o debt_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v have_v seem_v in_o reason_n that_o though_o disposition_n where_o there_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n may_v have_v be_v sustain_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o allow_v the_o same_o privilege_n in_o favour_n of_o confident_a person_n for_o mere_a donation_n and_o upon_o the_o 10._o february_n 1665._o the_o lord_n louvre_n have_v quarrel_v the_o lady_n craig_n infeftment_n as_o be_v a_o additional_a jointure_n grant_v betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n to_o his_o prejudice_n who_o be_v a_o creditor_n and_o have_v comprise_v the_o estate_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o disponer_n be_v neither_o bankrupt_a nor_o insolvendo_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o compriser_n sustain_v any_o prejudice_n see_v the_o lady_n be_v content_a that_o the_o lord_n louvre_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o his_o annualrent_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o comprise_v provide_v he_o will_v assign_v the_o lady_n to_o his_o comprise_v pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la that_o she_o may_v recover_v as_o much_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o her_o additional_a jointure_n which_o answer_v the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a the_o appriser_n prejudice_n be_v purge_v as_o say_v be_v but_o they_o ordain_v the_o compriser_n not_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o have_v access_n to_o the_o comprise_v land_n by_o assignation_n in_o manner_n foresaid_a during_o the_o legal_a but_o they_o likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o lady_n redeem_v not_o within_o the_o legal_a the_o land_n shall_v be_v irredeemable_a and_o the_o lady_n shall_v be_v total_o exclude_v which_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o try_a interloquetor_n do_v confirm_v the_o former_a opinion_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o a_o disposition_n be_v once_o valid_a when_o it_o be_v first_o grant_v can_v become_v thereafter_o null_a by_o the_o disponer_n become_v thereafter_o insolvent_a yet_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o many_o case_n in_o our_o law_n for_o we_o find_v that_o disposition_n of_o less_o than_o the_o half_a of_o ward-land_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a become_v thereafter_o null_a if_o as_o much_o of_o that_o barony_n be_v thereafter_o dispone_v as_o will_v amout_v to_o more_o than_o the_o half_a but_o in_o my_o opinion_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o our_o statute_n may_v found_v a_o presumptive_a argument_n for_o explicate_v the_o text_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o authoritative_a for_o the_o rubric_n be_v not_o read_v in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v add_v to_o the_o law_n after_o it_o be_v past_a careless_o without_o debate_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n the_o legislative_a power_n of_o scotland_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n and_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o some_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a in_o our_o law_n to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o the_o 18._o par._n ja_n 6_o then_o to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n etc._n etc._n yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o king_n statute_n and_o they_o but_o consent_n though_o their_o consent_n be_v necessary_a for_o his_o touch_v they_o with_o the_o sceptre_n and_o not_o the_o be_v vote_v make_v they_o law_n and_o in_o england_n the_o king_n statute_n with_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o their_o supplication_n and_o therefore_o i_o understand_v not_o craig_n who_o diagoras_n 8._o affirm_v statute_n to_o be_v constitutiones_fw-la trium_fw-la regni_fw-la ordinum_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la principis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v just_a to_o invert_v the_o statutory_a word_n of_o this_o and_o many_o other_o acts._n our_o old_a act_n be_v all_o past_a the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n do_v not_o express_v the_o statute_a power_n in_o every_o act_n for_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v all_o but_o branch_n of_o one_o act_n and_o run_v item_n that_o etc._n etc._n and_o many_o of_o these_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n forbid_v as_o acts._n 13._o 14._o 1_o par._n ja._n 1._o which_o intimat_n that_o though_o the_o parliament_n statute_n suffragando_fw-la &_o consentiendo_fw-la yet_o the_o king_n only_o do_v statute_n sanciendo_fw-la &_o prohibendo_fw-la sometime_o our_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o hail_n parliament_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v without_o mention_v either_o king_n or_o parliament_n sometime_o also_o they_o bear_v the_o determination_n of_o parliament_n without_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v either_o where_o the_o king_n be_v to_o perform_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o 23._o act_n par._n 1._o ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n shall_v gar_fw-mi mend_v his_o money_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o act_n 3_o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o estate_n have_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v ride_v through_o the_o realm_n or_o else_o when_o the_o estate_n be_v only_o to_o grant_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o in_o commission_n grant_v for_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n but_o i_o find_v one_o statute_n bear_v the_o king_n statute_v without_o mention_v the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n viz._n act_n 19_o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o but_o this_o be_v but_o mere_a inadvertance_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v a_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v original_o a_o act_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n when_o they_o do_v sit_v judicial_o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la such_o and_o such_o man_n do_v sit_v thus_o the_o hebrew_n disign_v the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n by_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o we_o still_o mark_v the_o law_n from_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n be_v call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la because_o they_o begin_v so_o his_o majesty_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n do_v allow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o conclude_v upon_o sick_a rule_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v by_o they_o expedient_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o proceed_v at_o all_o time_n as_o they_o devise_v conform_v to_o reason_n equity_n and_o justice_n his_o grace_n shall_v ratify_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o 43._o act_n 5._o par._n ja._n 5._o to_o the_o which_o act_n i_o think_v this_o act_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v appear_v both_o by_o that_o act_n and_o by_o the_o power_n as_o here_o repeat_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v only_a power_n to_o make_v order_n relate_v to_o the_o regulation_n of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o to_o the_o form_n of_o process_n for_o this_o be_v indeed_o necessary_a for_o explication_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o possible_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o very_a constitution_n without_o any_o express_a warrant_n arg_v l_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr jurisdict_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o general_a power_n can_v authorise_v they_o to_o make_v statute_n and_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o material_a distribution_n of_o justice_n such_o as_o that_o all_o writ_n shall_v be_v null_a except_o subscribe_v before_o witness_n though_o they_o may_v have_v ordain_v that_o paper_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o own_o clerk_n shall_v be_v so_o subscribe_v for_o if_o they_o can_v make_v statute_n as_o to_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o their_o own_o house_n there_o need_v no_o parliament_n for_o their_o statute_n may_v bind_v all_o the_o people_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o by_o this_o argument_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n can_v not_o have_v make_v this_o law_n declare_v contract_n among_o the_o liege_n to_o be_v null_a that_o touch_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_o of_o humane_a society_n albeit_o they_o may_v have_v declare_v such_o a_o nullity_n receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n for_o that_o concern_v only_o form_n of_o process_n but_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n in_o make_v this_o act_n do_v not_o introduce_v jus_o novum_fw-la a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o adapt_v to_o our_o practice_n the_o old_a roman_a or_o civil_a law_n which_o they_o may_v have_v follow_v in_o their_o decision_n without_o make_v any_o new_a
act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o they_o do_v in_o most_o case_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v found_v upon_o equity_n as_o here_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o either_o our_o former_a practice_n or_o constitution_n and_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n both_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n declare_v that_o their_o say_a act_n shall_v extend_v to_o cause_n depend_v or_o to_o be_v intent_a whereas_o statue_n regular_o be_v extend_v only_o to_o future_a case_n except_o where_o the_o act_n declare_v what_o be_v law_n former_o as_o in_o this_o case_n we_o may_v then_o conclude_v these_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la can_v only_o be_v make_v concern_v the_o form_n of_o procedure_n or_o to_o fix_v a_o constant_a decision_n for_o the_o future_a in_o case_n which_o they_o may_v have_v so_o decide_v before_o their_o own_o act_n and_o it_o be_v their_o prudence_n and_o our_o happiness_n that_o they_o shall_v rather_o decide_v in_o hypothesi_fw-la then_o in_o thesi_fw-la but_o act_n of_o parliament_n shall_v main_o be_v make_v to_o regulat_fw-la new_a substantial_a ground_n of_o justice_n and_o commerce_n but_o though_o this_o power_n of_o make_v order_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v proper_o and_o principal_o their_o province_n yet_o they_o have_v in_o this_o but_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o parliament_n who_o may_v and_o do_v likewise_o make_v such_o order_n but_o the_o parliament_n ought_v to_o do_v so_o spare_o since_o form_n be_v better_o know_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n then_o to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v act_n relate_v to_o form_n or_o of_o regulate_v form_n already_o make_v belong_v particular_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n both_o because_o of_o their_o constitution_n and_o experience_n the_o lord_n have_v be_v in_o use_n not_o only_o to_o regulat_fw-la their_o own_o court_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la but_o they_o have_v by_o the_o same_o power_n prescribe_v regulation_n to_o other_o court_n and_o thus_o as_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o year_n they_o make_v a_o act_n that_o woman_n and_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v witness_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v likewise_o regulate_v inferior_a court_n without_o any_o previous_a warrant_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 19_o act_n 23._o par._n ja._n 6._o where_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v a_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n and_o session_n which_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o no_o process_n shall_v be_v grant_v before_o inferior_a judge_n on_o the_o first_o summons_n but_o upon_o libel_v precept_n and_o citation_n of_o fifteen_o day_n warning_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1636._o they_o make_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la appoint_v that_o no_o consent_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n shall_v bind_v the_o consenter_n except_o it_o be_v subscribe_v by_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o shall_v this_o extension_n of_o their_o power_n seem_v unwarrantable_a for_o since_o they_o may_v reduce_v the_o decreet_n of_o inferior_a court_n it_o seem_v most_o consequential_a that_o they_o may_v regulat_fw-la their_o procedure_n but_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n pass_v the_o bill_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o advocate_n cause_n from_o before_o that_o court_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o make_v act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la for_o regulate_v that_o court_n the_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a be_v most_o distinct_a and_o different_a it_o may_v likeways_o seem_v both_o by_o the_o former_a act_n allow_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n this_o power_n and_o the_o ratification_n of_o their_o statute_n specify_v in_o this_o act_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o relate_v not_o mere_o to_o the_o regulate_v their_o own_o form_n shall_v be_v ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n though_o in_o the_o interim_n of_o parliament_n these_o act_n shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la we_o see_v very_o many_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la to_o have_v full_a vigour_n and_o force_n without_o any_o such_o confirmation_n before_o i_o begin_v to_o explain_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o shall_v offer_v this_o analysis_n of_o it_o either_o the_o creditor_n who_o be_v defraud_v be_v such_o creditor_n as_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o such_o as_o have_v do_v diligence_n if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o have_v not_o do_v diligence_n then_o either_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a person_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n either_o they_o be_v make_v for_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n they_o be_v valid_a though_o make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n 2._o if_o these_o disposition_n be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n then_o either_o they_o remain_v with_o the_o conjunct_a confident_a to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v or_o not_o if_o they_o remain_v with_o he_o they_o be_v reduceable_a either_o by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_v but_o if_o any_o three_o party_n no_o way_n partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n have_v lawful_o purchase_v any_o of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n for_o a_o just_a and_o true_a cause_n than_o the_o right_o be_v not_o quarrelable_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v only_o liable_a to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n 3._o the_o fraud_n be_v probable_a by_o writ_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n 4._o if_o the_o creditor_n have_v do_v diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o bankrupt_a can_v in_o prejudice_v of_o these_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n dispone_v voluntary_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o defraud_v that_o diligence_n in_o favour_n of_o another_o concreditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o posterior_n diligence_n or_o in_o favour_n of_o any_o interpose_a person_n to_o their_o behoof_n and_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n it_o be_v not_o consider_v whether_o the_o interpose_a person_n be_v a_o person_n conjunct_a or_o not_o 5._o the_o bankrupt_n the_o interpose_a person_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v assist_v they_o in_o advise_v or_o practise_v these_o fraud_n be_v declare_v infamous_a conform_v to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n etc._n etc._n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la bear_n that_o they_o have_v in_o this_o act_n follow_v the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n we_o may_v just_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v â—â—t_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n understand_v exact_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o our_o law_n and_o form_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o robert_n lesly_v heir_n be_v by_o the_o 69._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o ordain_v to_o be_v forefault_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n commit_v by_o their_o father_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o forfaultor_n in_o absence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o because_o it_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o falsehood_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n act_n 22._o par._n 5._o q._n m._n and_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o rule_n where_o our_o own_o statute_n and_o custom_n be_v silent_a or_o deficient_a be_v clear_a from_o our_o own_o lawyer_n as_o skeen_n annot._fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o r._n m._n c._n 7._o ver_fw-la 2._o and_o by_o craig_n l._n 1._o diagoras_n 2._o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o historian_n leslie_n l._n 1._o cap._n leg._n scotor_n boet._n l._n 9_o hist._n camer_n de_fw-fr scot._n doctr._n l._n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o same_o be_v record_v of_o we_o by_o the_o historian_n and_o lawyer_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o forâ—aâ—_n lib._n 7._o the_o gall_n imper_v polid._n lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n dâ—_n amitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi di_fw-it escosse_fw-la and_o duck_n the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o undecided_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n and_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collect_v as_o tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorâ—ens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o much_o in_o
they_o and_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n observe_v lib._n 5._o cap._n 13._o in_o officiis_fw-la apud_fw-la majores_fw-la ita_fw-la observatum_fw-la est_fw-la primum_fw-la tutela_fw-la deinde_fw-la hospiti_fw-la deinde_fw-la clienti_fw-la tum_fw-la cognato_fw-la postea_fw-la affini_fw-la and_o as_o dionis_fw-la halic_fw-mi lib._n 2._o ant_n rom._n observe_v the_o patron_n be_v obliedge_v clienti_fw-la jura_fw-la interpretari_fw-la &_o light_n pro_fw-la eo_fw-la suscipere_fw-la and_o this_o be_v common_a to_o both_o that_o they_o can_v never_o accuse_v nor_o bear_v witness_n against_o one_o another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o on_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n be_v patronus_fw-la si_fw-la clienti_fw-la fraudem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la sacer_fw-la esto_fw-la so_o sacrilegious_a a_o thing_n be_v it_o then_o hold_v to_o reveal_v the_o client_n secret_n but_o thereafter_o this_o mutual_a dependence_n and_o friendship_n become_v so_o suspect_v to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n that_o none_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v patron_n but_o lawyer_n who_o power_n the_o magistrate_n need_v not_o suspect_v and_o who_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v man_n so_o legal_a and_o of_o such_o integrity_n that_o they_o will_v advice_n nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o betwixt_o these_o continue_a the_o trust_n and_o mutual_a assurance_n that_o be_v require_v betwixt_o the_o old_a patron_n and_o their_o client_n though_o advocat_n be_v now_o know_v to_o antequary_n for_o distinction_n under_o the_o term_n of_o patroni_fw-la secundarii_fw-la whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o truth_n be_v discover_v to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v indeed_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o discover_v the_o truth_n as_o far_o as_o that_o can_v be_v do_v in_o a_o convenient_a and_o lawful_a way_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n not_o to_o unseal_v the_o secret_n of_o private_a person_n and_o thereby_o to_o render_v all_o trust_n and_o commerce_n suspect_v and_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o argument_n the_o law_n have_v exempt_v man_n from_o depon_v against_o themselves_o and_o against_o many_o other_o who_o be_v enumerat_a l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr testibus_fw-la and_o of_o which_o we_o have_v very_o many_o instance_n in_o our_o law_n rei_fw-la publicae_fw-la quidem_fw-la interest_n crimina_fw-la impunita_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la sed_fw-la rei_fw-la publica_fw-la quoque_fw-la interest_n pietatis_fw-la &_o necessitudinis_fw-la officia_fw-la sarta_fw-la tecta_fw-la conservari_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la nihil_fw-la sanctum_fw-la haberi_fw-la potest_fw-la nec_fw-la inviolatum_fw-la and_o cicero_n lib._n 3._o the_o offic_n do_v elegant_o affirm_v non_fw-la igitur_fw-la patria_fw-la prestabit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la officiis_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsi_fw-la patriae_fw-la conducit_fw-la pios_fw-la cives_fw-la habere_fw-la advocat_n be_v person_n who_o breed_n obliedge_v they_o to_o admire_v justice_n as_o musicians_z do_v music_n or_o as_o a_o man_n do_v that_o country_n in_o which_o he_o live_v and_o they_o have_v give_v their_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la at_o their_o admission_n to_o give_v their_o client_n advice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v advise_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v know_v that_o they_o offend_v in_o this_o so_o infrequent_o if_o at_o all_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v fite_a not_o to_o inquire_v into_o such_o case_n that_o seldom_o occur_v then_o by_o inquiry_n to_o introduce_v a_o jealousy_n betwixt_o party_n who_o need_v such_o strict_a intimacy_n and_o as_o no_o gentleman_n be_v desire_v to_o divulge_v his_o friend_n secret_n much_o less_o shall_v the_o law_n require_v this_o from_o advocat_n since_o it_o have_v obliedge_v they_o to_o employ_v advocat_n and_o to_o entrust_v they_o with_o their_o secret_n and_o though_o man_n may_v be_v suspect_v when_o they_o debate_v for_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o advantage_n yet_o what_o interest_n can_v advocat_n have_v here_o save_v that_o of_o their_o client_n for_o the_o client_n and_o not_o the_o advocate_n suffer_v by_o the_o discovery_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o a_o collective_a body_n of_o client_n in_o effect_n the_o commonwealth_n be_v prejudge_v because_o client_n be_v prejudge_v and_o though_o a_o decision_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n be_v common_o allege_v upon_o this_o point_n 18._o june_n 1580._o in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o barbine_n yet_o all_o that_o be_v there_o decide_v be_v que_fw-la l'advocat_n &_o conseil_fw-fr pourroit_fw-fr estre_fw-fr ovy_n par_fw-fr for_o i_o the_o tesmoinage_n so_o that_o the_o advocat_n have_v there_o be_v willing_a but_o be_v not_o force_v and_o the_o party_n objection_n be_v there_o reserve_v for_o the_o decision_n bear_v sauf_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr party_n ses_fw-fr reproach_n so_o that_o they_o be_v but_o examine_v before_o answer_n nor_o can_v a_o advocate_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o conceal_v truth_n since_o he_o be_v only_o say_v to_o conceal_v who_o may_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n and_o if_o client_n know_v that_o their_o advocat_n may_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n against_o they_o they_o will_v keep_v their_o secret_n or_o propose_v their_o doubt_n under_o borrow_a name_n and_o thus_o the_o design_n of_o find_v out_o truth_n will_v be_v disappoint_v and_o the_o argument_n altogether_o elude_v some_o urge_v that_o advocat_n may_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n upon_o the_o have_v of_o their_o client_n paper_n and_o that_o by_o many_o decision_n they_o have_v be_v oft_o force_v to_o give_v they_o up_o after_o full_a debate_n wherein_o a_o special_a privilege_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o employment_n have_v be_v pretend_v from_o which_o they_o infer_v that_o they_o may_v be_v also_o examine_v upon_o what_o past_a betwixt_o their_o client_n and_o they_o but_o to_o this_o the_o easy_a and_o just_a answer_n be_v that_o a_o advocate_n can_v be_v no_o further_o obliedge_v to_o deliver_v his_o client_n paper_n than_o the_o client_n himself_o can_v have_v be_v but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o can_v be_v force_v to_o deliver_v up_o any_o paper_n but_o such_o as_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v in_o law_n allow_v a_o interest_n in_o and_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v the_o pursuer_n paper_n nor_o be_v such_o paper_n as_o aught_o to_o be_v exhibit_v to_o be_v account_v secret_n and_o advocat_n be_v obliedge_v here_o not_o as_o advocat_n but_o as_o ordinary_a subject_n but_o i_o will_v not_o decide_v this_o weighty_a point_n act_z xxviii_o a_o ratification_n of_o a_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o counsel_n and_o session_n make_v in_o july_n 1620._o against_o unlawful_a disposition_n and_o alienation_n make_v by_o dyvour_n and_o bankrupt_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n convene_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n ratify_v approve_v and_o for_o his_o highness_n and_o his_o successor_n perpetual_o confirm_v the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o counsel_n and_o session_n make_v against_o dyvour_n and_o bankrupt_n at_o edinburg_n the_o 12._o day_n of_o july_n 1620_o and_o ordain_v the_o same_o to_o have_v and_o take_v full_a effect_n and_o execution_n as_o a_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a law_n for_o the_o weal_n of_o all_o his_o highness_n subject_n of_o the_o which_o act_n the_o tenor_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o counsel_n and_o session_n understand_v by_o the_o grievous_a and_o just_a complaint_n of_o many_o of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n that_o the_o fraud_n malice_n and_o falsehood_n of_o a_o number_n of_o divour_n and_o bankrupt_n be_v become_v so_o frequent_a and_o avow_v and_o have_v already_o take_v such_o progress_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n fortune_n and_o estate_n that_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o dissolve_v trust_v commerce_n and_o faithful_a deal_n among_o subject_n whereupon_o must_v ensue_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o whole_a estate_n if_o the_o godless_a deceit_n of_o those_o be_v not_o prevent_v and_o remedy_v who_o by_o their_o apparent_a wealth_n in_o land_n and_o good_n and_o by_o their_o show_n of_o conscience_n credit_n and_o honesty_n draw_v into_o their_o hand_n upon_o trust_n the_o money_n merchandise_n and_o good_n of_o well-meaning_a and_o credulous_a person_n do_v no_o way_n intend_v to_o repay_v the_o same_o but_o either_o to_o live_v riotous_o by_o waste_v of_o other_o man_n substance_n or_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o that_o subtle_a stealth_n of_o true_a man_n good_n and_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o and_o their_o good_n forth_o of_o this_o realm_n to_o elude_v all_o execution_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o that_o effect_n and_o in_o manifest_a defraud_n of_o their_o creditor_n do_v make_v simulate_v and_o fraudful_a alienation_n disposition_n and_o other_o security_n of_o their_o land_n reversion_n teynde_n good_n action_n debt_n and_o other_o belong_v unto_o they_o to_o their_o wife_n child_n kinsman_n alley_n and_o other_o confident_a and_o interpose_a person_n without_o any_o
a_o observation_n upon_o the_o 28._o act_n 23._o parl._n k._n james_n vi._n against_o disposition_n make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n etc._n etc._n by_o sir_n george_n m_o ckenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o his_o majesty_n printer_n anno_fw-la dom_fw-la 1675._o the_o preface_n the_o easy_a and_o plain_a part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v our_o statute_n for_o these_o be_v by_o print_v expose_v to_o all_o man_n view_n and_o be_v draw_v to_o instruct_v the_o vulgar_a in_o what_o they_o must_v obey_v and_o this_o statute_n against_o bankrupt_n must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v among_o the_o easy_a and_o most_o intelligible_a because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o evident_a principle_n of_o equity_n and_o reason_n and_o be_v first_o draw_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o after_o some_o year_n trial_n be_v renew_v by_o the_o parliament_n who_o will_v have_v plain_v what_o be_v obscure_a and_o supply_v what_o be_v defective_a and_o yet_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o albeit_o the_o statute_n be_v very_o full_a and_o my_o observation_n upon_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v convince_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o easy_a and_o that_o none_o shall_v pretend_v to_o it_o but_o such_o as_o have_v illuminate_v their_o excellent_a natural_a part_n with_o laborious_a learning_n and_o have_v polish_a that_o learning_n by_o a_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v not_o debate_v full_o the_o case_n here_o relate_v that_o be_v fit_a for_o plead_v then_o treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o set_v down_o all_o the_o case_n that_o occur_v lest_o the_o reader_n shall_v think_v i_o industrious_o design_v to_o confound_v he_o the_o more_o to_o magnify_v the_o necessity_n of_o lawyer_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o many_o now_o in_o my_o condition_n can_v have_v treat_v this_o subject_a both_o more_o profound_o and_o delicate_o but_o yet_o i_o may_v say_v that_o nothing_o here_o be_v against_o law_n since_o all_o these_o sheet_n have_v have_v the_o approbation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o able_a lawyer_n in_o our_o nation_n who_o can_v neither_o deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v in_o his_o own_o profession_n these_o sheet_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o great_a work_n wherein_o i_o resolve_v to_o clear_v 1._o what_o act_n be_v in_o desuetude_n or_o abrogate_a 2._o how_o each_o act_n be_v interpret_v by_o the_o lord_n decision_n 3._o what_o new_a doubt_n may_v arise_v from_o each_o act_n though_o not_o yet_o decide_v 4._o wherein_o our_o statute_n agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v all_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n intelligible_a and_o plain_a a_o explication_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o against_o bankrupt_n the_o word_n of_o the_o rubric_n or_o inscription_n of_o this_o act_n be_v a_o ratification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n make_v in_o july_n 1620._o against_o unlawful_a disposition_n and_o alienation_n make_v by_o dyvour_n and_o bankrupt_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o inscripon_n or_o rubric_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o the_o word_n bankrupt_a which_o be_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o latin_a banciruptor_n be_v in_o the_o original_a but_o a_o barbarous_a word_n either_o derive_v from_o the_o french_a word_n banque_n or_o the_o italian_a banco_n and_o the_o word_n rumpere_fw-la because_o when_o merchand_n become_v bankrupt_n they_o break_v either_o the_o seat_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v sit_v or_o the_o bank_n or_o table_n at_o which_o they_o do_v sit_v as_o salmas_n observe_v in_o pref._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr pag._n 511._o but_o now_o the_o word_n banciruptor_n be_v take_v not_o only_o pro_fw-la mensulario_fw-la foro_fw-la cedente_fw-la but_o for_o any_o merchand_n or_o any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v contract_v more_o debt_n than_o he_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v as_o vegnern_n observe_v pag_n 8._o they_o be_v call_v likewise_o decoctores_fw-la quia_fw-la rem_fw-la svam_fw-la coquendo_fw-la diminuunt_fw-la decoquere_fw-la signify_v diminuere_fw-la bud._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la hominem_fw-la §_o quoties_fw-la ff_n deposit_v in_o italy_n they_o be_v call_v falliti_n &_o cessantes_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 215._o but_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o true_a latin_a word_n be_v fraudatores_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr curate_n bon_fw-fr dand_v they_o be_v likewise_o by_o this_o rubric_n call_v dyvour_n or_o dyour_fw-mi from_o the_o irish_a word_n dyer_n as_o i_o conceive_v which_o signify_v a_o knave_n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o call_v bairman_n in_o our_o law_n l._n burg_n cap._n bairman_n 144._o &_o the_o jud_v cap._n bairman_n 46._o though_o our_o learned_a skeen_n do_v in_o the_o verb_n signif_n verb._n dyvour_n make_v bankrupt_a to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o he_o who_o have_v obtain_v a_o cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la bonis_fw-la cessit_fw-la yet_o these_o differ_v very_o much_o for_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v he_o only_o qui_fw-la foro_fw-la cessit_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la bonis_fw-la cessit_fw-la forum_n retinet_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la creditoribus_fw-la in_o solutum_fw-la dedit_fw-la hottoman_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n credere_fw-la caedere_fw-la forâ—_n est_fw-la facti_fw-la caedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la est_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o he_o only_o who_o have_v lose_v his_o estate_n by_o accident_n without_o his_o own_o â—ault_n be_v allow_v bonis_fw-la caedere_fw-la bancciruptor_n dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la dolo_fw-la casuve_fw-fr non_fw-la solvendo_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la venger_n ibid._n how_o the_o word_n bankrupt_a be_v take_v in_o this_o act_n may_v be_v just_o doubt_v for_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o against_o disposition_n which_o be_v make_v by_o person_n insolvent_a and_o who_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o reducer_n for_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v against_o disposition_n make_v by_o bankrupt_n or_o dyvour_n so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v make_v pares_fw-la termini_fw-la and_o therefore_o since_o a_o dyvour_n be_v a_o person_n who_o be_v insolvent_a it_o seem_v that_o this_o act_n must_v only_o strike_v against_o disposition_n make_v by_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la rubro_fw-la ad_fw-la nigrum_fw-la for_o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o where_o either_o the_o rubric_n be_v a_o entire_a sentence_n or_o where_o any_o term_n use_v in_o the_o rubric_n be_v explain_v by_o any_o equipolent_a or_o exegetick_a word_n that_o there_o the_o general_a term_n which_o be_v dubious_a be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o import_n of_o both_o these_o term_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o word_n dyvour_n be_v only_o applicable_a to_o person_n insolvent_a the_o word_n bankrupt_a must_v be_v likewise_o interpret_v only_o of_o these_o and_o so_o the_o rubric_n run_v only_o against_o disposition_n make_v by_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a it_o must_v follow_v that_o only_o such_o deed_n be_v reduceable_a as_o be_v do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o creditor_n by_o a_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a 2._o this_o seem_v likewise_o consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o if_o the_o creditor_n can_v recover_v his_o debt_n he_o be_v not_o prejudge_v and_o so_o the_o design_n of_o the_o act_n fail_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a to_o trouble_v a_o person_n who_o have_v get_v a_o disposition_n except_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n 3._o this_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n whereby_o nunquam_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la ad_fw-la remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la no_o more_o then_o in_o physic_n a_o member_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o where_o it_o can_v be_v cure_v and_o therefore_o a_o creditor_n who_o may_v recover_v payment_n by_o ordinary_a diligence_n such_o as_o by_o the_o comprise_v or_o arrest_v his_o debtor_n estate_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o reduce_v all_o disposition_n make_v by_o his_o debtor_n since_o omnes_fw-la actiones_fw-la rescissoriae_fw-la and_o particular_o actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la sunt_fw-la remedia_fw-la extraordinariae_fw-la whereby_o the_o magistrate_n have_v be_v by_o cheat_n of_o debtor_n and_o the_o fraudulent_a disposition_n of_o such_o as_o contract_v with_o they_o force_v to_o rescind_n and_o annul_v the_o private_a paction_n of_o party_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinar_n and_o general_a principle_n 4._o this_o seem_v to_o be_v further_o clear_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n which_o run_v only_o against_o disposition_n which_o elude_v all_o execution_n of_o justice_n whereby_o creditor_n be_v defraud_v of_o all_o payment_n and_o many_o honest_a family_n come_v to_o utter_v ruin_n neither_o of_o which_o expression_n be_v applicable_a to_o the_o case_n of_o creditor_n who_o may_v recover_v payment_n otherwise_o conform_v to_o which_o argument_n i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n upon_o the._n 6._o of_o march_n 1632._o in_o a_o
and_o belong_v to_o the_o fisk._n it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v if_o in_o these_o reduction_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v to_o restore_v what_o be_v dispone_v to_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o whether_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v they_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n or_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n or_o from_o the_o citation_n the_o civil_a law_n l._n 25._o §_o 4._o f._n h._n t._n ordain_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o be_v restore_v but_o the_o fruit_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o alienation_n and_o these_o which_o be_v reap_v after_o the_o action_n be_v intent_a non_fw-la solum_fw-la autem_fw-la rem_fw-la ipsam_fw-la restitui_fw-la oportet_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o fructus_fw-la qui_fw-la alienationis_fw-la tempore_fw-la terrae_fw-la eohaerent_fw-la quia_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o bonis_fw-la fraudatoris_fw-la item_n eos_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la recepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la medio_fw-la autem_fw-la tempore_fw-la preceptos_fw-la in_o restitutionem_fw-la non_fw-la venire_fw-la but_o the_o basilick_n differ_v somewhat_o for_o they_o say_v qui_fw-la post_fw-la litem_fw-la contestatem_fw-la percepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la as_o fabrot_n translate_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o these_o may_v be_v reconcile_v because_o though_o in_o our_o law_n litiscontestation_n be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o point_n in_o jure_fw-la and_o the_o assign_v a_o day_n to_o either_o party_n to_o prove_v whereupon_o a_o act_n be_v extract_v yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n litiscontestation_n be_v make_v how_o soon_o the_o defender_n deny_v the_o thing_n crave_v and_o so_o judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la differ_v little_a with_o they_o from_o litiscontestation_n our_o senate_n observe_v as_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o all_o reduction_n to_o decern_v fruit_n to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o possessor_n know_v that_o his_o right_n be_v not_o valid_a and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v palpable_o unjust_a they_o use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o not_o from_o the_o citation_n upon_o the_o first_o summons_n because_o these_o be_v but_o indorsation_n where_o copy_n be_v seldom_o true_o give_v and_o so_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o thereby_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la this_o be_v so_o decide_v howison_n contra_fw-la grace_n february_n 1672._o and_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o authorise_v the_o belief_n that_o citation_n upon_o first_o summons_n may_v be_v false_a whereas_o since_o the_o law_n command_v they_o it_o ought_v to_o believe_v they_o and_o so_o punish_v the_o forger_n rather_o than_o discredit_v the_o form_n if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o a_o debateable_a point_n they_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o that_o nullity_n be_v not_o clear_a till_o then_o v_o g._n if_o a_o disposition_n be_v quarrel_v as_o make_v to_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o brother_n in_o law_n if_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o statute_n to_o extend_v to_o brother_n in_o law_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o after_o that_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o nullity_n of_o his_o own_o right_n though_o before_o he_o may_v have_v doubt_v but_o if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o extrinsic_a probation_n which_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o know_v before_o sentence_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v deny_v by_o act_n of_o litiscontestation_n that_o the_o debtor_n become_v and_o be_v insolvent_a the_o defender_n can_v not_o be_v in_o malafide_fw-la till_o this_o be_v find_v prove_v and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v liable_a in_o fructus_fw-la till_o sentence_n i_o conceive_v that_o these_o general_n may_v be_v likewise_o particular_o apply_v to_o this_o statute_n by_o consider_v three_o different_a case_n relative_a to_o the_o three_o different_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n by_o which_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n in_o defraud_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n be_v so_o reduceable_a that_o the_o alienation_n be_v reduce_v the_o fruit_n extant_a be_v to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o by-gone_a profit_n or_o fruit_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o from_o the_o date_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o 1._o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n all_o such_o alienation_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_a from_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v but_o so_o it_o be_v if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v the_o possessor_n behove_v to_o have_v restore_v all_o the_o fruit_n whether_o extent_n or_o not_o and_o even_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o possession_n 2._o this_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a for_o the_o law_n have_v dicharge_v such_o alienation_n he_o who_o contract_v in_o spite_n of_o or_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o and_o if_o the_o debtor_n may_v thus_o prejudge_v his_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o prejudice_n to_o they_o to_o want_v the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o debtor_n estate_n from_o the_o alienation_n till_o the_o time_n of_o intent_v a_o action_n which_o poverty_n or_o absence_n ignorance_n or_o latency_n of_o the_o deed_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o intent_v and_o which_o may_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o be_v it_o not_o absurd_a that_o a_o gratuitous_a disposition_n of_o a_o estate_n often_o thousand_o mark_n by_o year_n shall_v carry_v the_o receiver_n to_o five_o or_o six_o year_n rent_n extend_v to_o 50000._o mark_n because_o these_o rent_n be_v intromet_v with_o prior_n to_o the_o intent_v of_o any_o action_n of_o reduction_n and_o yet_o the_o estate_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o many_o poor_a creditor_n who_o be_v pursuer_n of_o the_o reduction_n the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v to_o one_o who_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la and_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v even_o all_o the_o profit_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o alienation_n whether_o they_o be_v fruit_n occasion_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n or_o bring_v forth_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n possess_v for_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n and_o such_o be_v still_o discern_v to_o restore_v all_o fructus_fw-la extantes_fw-la rei_fw-la vindicatione_n &_o consumptos_fw-la conditione_n sine_fw-la causa_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr condict_v ex_fw-la leg_n nor_o ought_v he_o in_o reason_n to_o reap_v advantage_n by_o his_o own_o cheat_n and_o as_o he_o can_v blame_v the_o law_n for_o severity_n to_o he_o since_o he_o occasion_v his_o own_o loss_n so_o the_o creditor_n may_v complain_v that_o such_o as_o cheat_v the_o law_n and_o he_o be_v enrich_v by_o his_o loss_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v because_o he_o not_o know_v but_o these_o profit_n be_v his_o own_o think_v he_o may_v live_v according_o this_o reason_n be_v want_v in_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n for_o he_o know_v that_o these_o profit_n belong_v to_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v spend_v they_o and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n be_v reduceable_a by_o this_o act_n as_o fraudulent_a and_o therefore_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v call_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n in_o no_o case_n for_o nothing_o be_v so_o contrair_a to_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la as_o fraus_fw-la it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o disposition_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n who_o know_v neither_o that_o the_o disponer_n have_v creditor_n or_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o and_o fraus_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la as_o i_o observe_v former_o be_v not_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o creditor_n who_o get_v a_o disposition_n from_o the_o common_a debtor_n for_o payment_n of_o their_o debt_n but_o it_o be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n and_o these_o i_o think_v shall_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o reason_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o dispon_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n for_o since_o they_o be_v more_o