eris_fw-la it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a say_v aug._n and_o there_o be_v a_o right_n introduce_v by_o custom_n that_o they_o that_o flee_v to_o the_o altar_n for_o sanctuary_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v up_o until_o faith_n be_v give_v for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o life_n and_o that_o such_o as_o be_v for_o misdemeanour_n deliver_v to_o prison_n shall_v at_o easter_n be_v free_o release_v but_o he_o that_o thorough_o perpend_v these_o and_o such_o like_a custom_n shall_v find_v that_o they_o proceed_v rather_o from_o mind_n full_o fraught_v with_o christian_a charity_n which_o watch_v all_o opportunity_n and_o occasion_n to_o do_v good_a than_o from_o mind_n quarrel_v at_o the_o equity_n of_o capital_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n of_o those_o time_n and_o place_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a intercession_n themselves_o be_v moderate_v with_o some_o exception_n as_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o cassiodore_n but_o here_o some_o will_v object_v against_o we_o the_o 12_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a council_n lib._n 11._o c._n 40._o 12_o can._n of_o nicen_n council_n which_o sound_v to_o this_o sense_n if_o any_o be_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n call_v shall_v first_o express_v their_o faith_n by_o desert_v the_o war_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o vomit_n shall_v by_o money_n or_o favour_n seek_v to_o be_v readmit_v into_o the_o war_n these_o after_o the_o three_o year_n allow_v they_o to_o hear_v the_o word_n shall_v remain_v among_o the_o penitential_o for_o ten_o year_n but_o in_o this_o case_n a_o strict_a observation_n must_v be_v take_v how_o such_o person_n stand_v affect_v and_o what_o fruit_n of_o repentance_n they_o bring_v forth_o for_o whosoever_o among_o they_o shall_v show_v forth_o their_o sincere_a conversion_n by_o fear_n by_o tear_n by_o patience_n and_o good_a work_n without_o dissimulation_n these_o fulfil_n their_o three_o year_n of_o hear_v shall_v at_o length_n communicate_v in_o prayer_n and_o afterward_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o bishop_n to_o deal_v more_o tender_o with_o they_o but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v bear_v it_o but_o indifferent_o and_o shall_v think_v that_o their_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o church_n be_v sufficient_a these_o shall_v fulfil_v their_o whole_a time_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o by_o the_o time_n of_o 13_o year_n penance_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v neither_o small_a nor_o dubious_a for_o so_o great_a a_o punishment_n must_v needs_o be_v inflict_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o be_v both_o to_o god_n abominable_a and_o to_o all_o good_a man_n scandalous_a which_o without_o question_n be_v idolatry_n for_o the_o word_n precede_v in_o the_o elventh_fw-mi canon_n do_v manifest_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o time_n of_o licinius_n which_o give_v a_o very_a great_a light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o canon_n this_o licinius_n as_o eusebius_n relate_v in_o his_o war_n against_o constantine_n 8._o hist_o eccl._n â—_o 10._o c._n 8._o first_o turn_v all_o christian_n out_o of_o their_o house_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o their_o good_n then_o draw_v out_o all_o the_o christian_a soldier_n and_o officer_n both_o out_o of_o his_o army_n and_o city_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o then_o command_v that_o unless_o they_o will_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n sacrifice_n to_o devil_n they_o shall_v all_o of_o they_o be_v cashier_v from_o their_o office_n which_o fact_n of_o his_o be_v afterward_o imitate_v by_o julian_n whereupon_o many_o renounce_v their_o command_n and_o among_o they_o one_o victricius_n so_o do_v 1104_o more_o in_o armenia_n under_o dioclesian_n concern_v who_o there_o be_v honourable_a mention_n make_v in_o our_o martyrology_n and_o so_o in_o egypt_n do_v menna_n and_o hesychius_n so_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o licivius_fw-la do_v many_o renounce_v their_o command_n among_o who_o be_v arsacius_n mention_v among_o the_o confessor_n and_o one_o auxentius_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o mopsuestia_n now_o they_o that_o out_o of_o tenderness_n of_o conscience_n have_v former_o renounce_v their_o command_n have_v no_o possible_a mean_n to_o be_v readmit_v under_o licinius_n but_o by_o a_o public_a abjuration_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n wherefore_o as_o they_o that_o be_v so_o admit_v commit_v much_o the_o great_a sin_n be_v against_o knowledge_n and_o conscience_n so_o they_o deserve_v a_o much_o great_a punishment_n than_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o forego_n word_n of_o the_o canon_n namely_o that_o without_o any_o danger_n either_o of_o life_n or_o good_n have_v renounce_v their_o christianity_n but_o to_o interpret_v this_o canon_n so_o general_o as_o if_o it_o comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o go_v to_o war_n be_v infinite_o against_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o historian_n testify_v that_o many_o of_o they_o that_o under_o licinius_n have_v lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o whilst_o licinius_n reign_v do_v never_o reassume_v they_o because_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n be_v by_o constantine_n leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n be_v upon_o their_o request_n readmit_v there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v against_o we_o the_o epistle_n of_o pope_n leo_n where_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n to_o return_v into_o a_o secular_a war_n after_o the_o act_n of_o repentance_n but_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o from_o penitentiaries_n as_o well_o as_o from_o priest_n and_o monk_n there_o be_v require_v a_o more_o strict_a and_o austere_a course_n of_o life_n than_o what_o be_v require_v from_o other_o christian_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o great_a example_n to_o other_o of_o contrition_n and_o humiliation_n as_o they_o have_v be_v before_o of_o prevarication_n for_o as_o leo_n well_o observe_v illicitorum_fw-la veniam_fw-la postulantem_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la multis_fw-la licitis_fw-la abstinere_fw-la it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o he_o that_o beg_v pardon_n for_o his_o unlawful_a act_n shall_v abstain_v from_o some_o thing_n otherwise_o lawful_a so_o in_o a_o epistle_n write_v by_o some_o bishop_n to_o king_n lewis_n we_o read_v quilibet_fw-la tanto_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la licita_fw-la debet_fw-la abscindere_fw-la quantò_fw-la se_fw-la meminit_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la perpetrasse_fw-la every_o man_n ought_v so_o far_o to_o abridge_v himself_o of_o thing_n lawful_a by_o how_o much_o he_o remember_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v some_o thing_n unlawful_a so_o in_o those_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n which_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a reverence_n be_v commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o apostle_n canon_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o war_n so_o as_o to_o retain_v the_o dignity_n of_o both_o function_n both_o civil_a and_o sacerdotal_a but_o leave_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n they_o shall_v give_v unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v go_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v admit_v to_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n be_v not_o interdict_v those_o that_o be_v military_a with_o this_o also_o that_o none_o who_o after_o baptism_n have_v obtain_v any_o office_n civil_a or_o military_a can_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n as_o may_v also_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a epistle_n of_o syncius_n innocentius_n and_o from_o the_o toledan_a council_n for_o clergy_n man_n be_v not_o choose_v out_o of_o any_o sort_n of_o christian_n but_o out_o of_o such_o as_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v exemplary_a unto_o other_o in_o austerity_n of_o life_n and_o manner_n beside_o upon_o military_a officer_n as_o also_o upon_o some_o civil_a magistrate_n there_o lie_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n but_o such_o as_o put_v themselves_o into_o holy_a order_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v entangle_v with_o any_o other_o care_n nor_o divert_v by_o any_o other_o daily_a labour_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 6_o canon_n that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o any_o secular_a employment_n nor_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o any_o publiclk_n office_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o canon_n of_o the_o african_a council_n nepot_n can._n apost_n 6.8_o with_fw-mi ep._n hier._n ad_fw-la nepot_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v solicitor_n of_o other_o man_n affair_n or_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n cause_n but_o that_o which_o give_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o our_o opinion_n be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o arles_n which_o be_v hold_v under_o constantine_n the_o word_n sound_v thus_o concern_v those_o that_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o please_v the_o synod_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v debare_v from_o the_o communion_n
last_v until_o some_o new_a declaration_n of_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v rescind_v it_o for_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n that_o which_o be_v deem_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o right_n shall_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v it_o but_o yet_o not_o if_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v disable_v any_o long_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v dead_a for_o than_o whatsoever_o depend_v bare_o upon_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o will_n shall_v likewise_o cease_v as_o accident_n do_v when_o the_o substance_n fail_v xxii_o a_o pass_n imply_v protection_n a_o safe-pass_a be_v grant_v protection_n be_v due_a even_o beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o because_o it_o ought_v to_o protect_v we_o against_o all_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n dominion_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 4_o xxiii_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n be_v very_o much_o favour_v especial_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v a_o especial_a act_n of_o mercy_n commend_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n redemptio_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o praeclarum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la munus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o lactantius_n the_o redeem_n of_o prisoner_n be_v a_o great_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v from_o barbarian_n 28._o matt._n 25.36.39_o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2_o c._n 28._o it_o be_v by_o st._n ambrose_n reckon_v as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a liberality_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o apology_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o church_n for_o the_o break_n in_o piece_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v the_o captive_n he_o affirm_v that_o ornatus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la captivorum_fw-la the_o chief_a ornament_n to_o christian_a sacrament_n be_v the_o redeem_n of_o slave_n where_o also_o he_o have_v many_o other_o such_o excellent_a say_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n st._n aug._n follow_v the_o example_n of_o st._n ambrose_n do_v the_o like_a though_o contrary_a to_o the_o carnal_a sense_n of_o some_o who_o therein_o oppose_v he_o as_o possidius_n relate_v the_o very_a same_o be_v record_v by_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o remigius_n and_o adamus_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a british_a history_n make_v honourable_a mention_n of_o the_o like_a fact_n do_v by_o rimbertus_n archbishop_n of_o breme_n and_o we_o likewise_o find_v it_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o six_o general_a synod_n who_o decree_n be_v recite_v by_o gratian_n namely_o 2._o causa_fw-la 12._o q._n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v presume_v to_o alienate_v any_o of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o their_o church_n unless_o for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v of_o old_a approve_a of_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n and_o the_o like_a xxiv_o whether_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n may_v by_o any_o law_n be_v forbid_v be_v thus_o awe_v by_o so_o great_a authority_n i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o approve_v of_o those_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n without_o a_o distinction_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o may_v read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n nulli_fw-la civitati_fw-la viliores_fw-la captivi_fw-la quà m_fw-la nostrae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o regardless_o of_o captive_n as_o we_o say_v a_o wise_a roman_a in_o open_a senate_n for_o which_o cause_n rome_n be_v call_v in_o livy_n civitas_n captivis_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la a_o city_n show_v little_a favour_n to_o captive_n that_o ode_n of_o horace_n be_v very_o well_o know_v where_o he_o condemn_v the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n as_o a_o opprobrious_a act_n a_o example_n of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o be_v a_o execrable_a fact_n encourage_v with_o a_o reward_n but_o what_o aristotle_n blame_v in_o the_o laconian_a be_v also_o usual_o blame_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n namely_o that_o all_o their_o polity_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n as_o if_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n whereas_o if_o we_o will_v but_o due_o consider_v it_o as_o rational_a man_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o some_o grain_n of_o compassion_n it_o will_v seem_v much_o better_a to_o rebate_v somewhat_o of_o that_o rigour_n which_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v than_o to_o leave_v so_o many_o of_o perhaps_o our_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n in_o a_o everlasting_a slavery_n i_o can_v therefore_o conceive_v how_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v repute_v just_a unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o severe_a course_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prevention_n of_o far_o great_a and_o moral_o inevitable_a calamity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n fall_v upon_o we_o for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o the_o prisoner_n themselves_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n patient_o to_o bear_v their_o hard_a fortune_n so_o may_v this_o punishment_n be_v just_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v against_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a cowardice_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v concern_v any_o one_o citizen_n which_o for_o the_o public_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o xxv_o that_o a_o man_n may_v transfer_v his_o right_n in_o a_o captive_n true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o make_v slave_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n yet_o doubtless_o may_v that_o right_n of_o exact_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o that_o be_v so_o take_v by_o he_o that_o take_v he_o just_o be_v transfer_v to_o another_o for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n even_o incorporeal_a may_v also_o be_v alienate_v xxvi_o the_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o more_o than_o to_o one_o and_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o several_a person_n as_o in_o case_n a_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v by_o one_o the_o ransom_n not_o pay_v be_v apprehend_v by_o another_o and_o after_o that_o by_o another_o these_o must_v needs_o be_v distinct_a debt_n because_o they_o arise_v from_o distinct_a cause_n xxvii_o whether_o a_o agreement_n for_o a_o ransom_n be_v null_v his_o estate_n or_o quality_n be_v not_o then_o know_v the_o ransom_n agree_v upon_o shall_v bind_v the_o contractor_n though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v rich_a than_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v when_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v because_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a whereby_o we_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v no_o man_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v a_o great_a price_n than_o what_o be_v first_o agree_v on_o although_o undervalue_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o contract_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o agreement_n 26._o agreement_n lib._n 2._o c._n 26._o xxviii_o what_o good_n of_o captive_n be_v he_o that_o take_v they_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o captive_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o dominion_n that_o we_o have_v over_o their_o person_n do_v not_o give_v we_o a_o universal_a right_n to_o all_o that_o be_v they_o as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o for_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o particular_o lay_v hold_v on_o so_o that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v conceal_v any_o thing_n he_o have_v from_o he_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o get_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o thereof_o possess_v thus_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n plead_v against_o brutus_n and_o manlius_n he_o that_o take_v a_o field_n into_o his_o possession_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o treasure_n which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v there_o bury_v for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o of_o whence_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o prisoner_n can_v so_o conceal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o for_o his_o redemption_n xxix_o whether_o the_o ransom_n agree_v on_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n another_o question_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o ransom_n agree_v on_o the_o prisoner_n die_v before_o it_o be_v pay_v may_v be_v recover_v from_o his_o heir_n whereunto_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o if_o the_o captive_n die_v in_o prison_n doubtless_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o due_a because_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o liberty_n but_o on_o the_o
king_n serve_v god_n according_a to_o his_o command_n as_o king_n when_o they_o encourage_v virtue_n and_o depress_v vice_n not_o only_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o humane_a society_n but_o in_o thing_n appertain_v also_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n how_o say_v he_o do_v king_n serve_v the_o lord_n in_o fear_n 50._o ad_fw-la bonif._n ep._n 50._o unless_o it_o be_v in_o prohibit_v and_o by_o a_o religious_a austerity_n punish_v all_o manner_n of_o impiety_n for_o to_o serve_v god_n as_o a_o man_n be_v one_o thing_n but_o to_o serve_v he_o as_o a_o king_n be_v another_o and_o a_o little_a after_o herein_o do_v king_n serve_v god_n as_o king_n when_o in_o zeal_n to_o his_o service_n they_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o none_o can_v do_v but_o king_n arg._n 2_o the_o second_o argument_n whereby_o we_o prove_v that_o all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a be_v draw_v from_o that_o place_n of_o st_n paul_n before_o cite_v in_o the_o 13_o to_o the_o roman_n 13._o rom._n 13._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o high_a power_n and_o such_o be_v those_o of_o king_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o that_o power_n be_v therefore_o call_v god_n ordinance_n paul_n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o st._n paul_n from_o whence_o we_o infer_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n together_o with_o that_o honour_n and_o reverence_n we_o owe_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o fear_n regard_v the_o power_n they_o have_v to_o hurt_v and_o punish_v as_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o it_o be_v god_n ordinance_n and_o out_o of_o a_o strong_a persuasion_n that_o in_o resist_v it_o we_o resist_v god_n himself_o now_o if_o the_o thing_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n ordinance_n be_v only_o that_o which_o god_n permit_v and_o will_v not_o hinder_v as_o all_o action_n that_o be_v vicious_a then_o will_v there_o follow_v no_o obligation_n of_o honour_n or_o obedience_n especial_o that_o extend_v to_o the_o conscience_n and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n whole_a argument_n will_v instant_o fall_v to_o nothing_o who_o main_a scope_n be_v to_o extol_v this_o regal_a power_n which_o if_o wicked_a he_o can_v never_o do_v but_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v commend_v theft_n and_o robbery_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v then_o that_o by_o this_o ordain_a power_n we_o understand_v such_o a_o power_n as_o god_n do_v especial_o approve_v 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o we_o may_v safe_o infer_v that_o see_v that_o god_n can_v will_v thing_n contrary_a to_o â—â—mself_n that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o be_v reveal_v in_o the_o gospel_n and_o which_o oblige_v all_o man_n to_o honour_n and_o obedience_n neither_o do_v it_o at_o all_o weaken_v the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n that_o at_o that_o time_n when_o st._n paul_n write_v all_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o even_o at_o that_o time_n sergius_n paulus_n be_v propraetor_n of_o cyprus_n have_v give_v up_o his_o name_n to_o christ_n long_v before_o acts._n 13.12_o 13.12_o act._n 13.12_o beside_o this_o dispute_n be_v not_o concern_v person_n whether_o pious_a or_o impious_a but_o concern_v the_o kingly_a function_n whether_o it_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n or_o usurp_v by_o man_n which_o st._n paul_n seem_v here_o to_o determine_v plain_o assert_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v from_o god_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v honour_v and_o obey_v and_o that_o not_o outward_o only_o for_o fear_n but_o even_o in_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o the_o mind_n where_o god_n alone_o do_v proper_o reign_v christianity_n then_o do_v not_o abolish_v sovereignty_n nero_n and_o agrippa_n though_o they_o have_v receive_v this_o faith_n yet_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o one_o a_o emperor_n the_o other_o a_o king_n which_o necessary_o infer_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n for_o as_o under_o the_o law_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v repute_v holy_a citatum_fw-la see_v chrysost_n in_o locum_fw-la supra_fw-la citatum_fw-la though_o offer_v by_o hophni_n and_o phineas_n priest_n unholy_a so_o pia_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la imperium_fw-la quamvis_fw-la ab_fw-la impio_fw-la teneatur_fw-la the_o function_n be_v sacred_a 〈◊〉_d though_o the_o person_n be_v never_o so_o wicked_a saul_n be_v anoint_v king_n as_o well_o as_o david_n arg._n 3_o a_o three_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o word_n of_o st._n john_n the_o baptist_n who_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o jewish_a soldier_n what_o they_o shall_v do_v to_o flee_v from_o the_o wrath_n to_o come_v do_v not_o command_v they_o present_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o desert_n their_o call_n though_o they_o fight_v then_o under_o the_o roman_a banner_n as_o in_o all_o probability_n they_o will_v have_v do_v have_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o make_v war_n but_o allow_v their_o call_n he_o only_o labour_v to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o it_o exhort_v they_o to_o abstain_v from_o act_n of_o unlawful_a violence_n and_o from_o false_a accuse_v and_o to_o rest_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n luk._n 3.14_o 3.14_o luke_n 3.14_o but_o here_o some_o object_n that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n between_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o baptist_n that_o the_o baptist_n seem_v to_o preach_v one_o doctrine_n and_o christ_n another_o but_o this_o we_o can_v admit_v first_o because_o both_o of_o they_o declare_v the_o sum_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n they_o intend_v to_o preach_v in_o the_o same_o word_n repent_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v at_o hand_n so_o begin_v the_o baptist_n mat._n 3.2_o and_o so_o christ_n mat._n 4.17_o and_o christ_n himself_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n that_o be_v the_o new_a law_n for_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n kingdom_n the_o jew_n call_v their_o law_n kingdom_n to_o call_v their_o law_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n begin_v to_o suffer_v violence_n from_o the_o day_n of_o john_n the_o baptist_n mat._n 11.12_o john_n be_v say_v to_o preach_v repentance_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n mark_v 1.4_o so_o do_v the_o apostle_n in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n act_v 2.38_o john_n require_v fruit_n worthy_a of_o repentance_n and_o threaten_v destruction_n to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o produce_v they_o matth._n 3.8_o 10._o he_o require_v also_o work_v of_o charity_n beyond_o the_o law_n luke_n 3.11_o the_o law_n also_o be_v say_v to_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o john_n that_o be_v until_o the_o new_a and_o more_o perfect_a law_n shall_v with_o he_o begin_v mat._n 11.13_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o john_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prophetis_fw-la major_a great_a than_o the_o prophet_n mat._n 11.9_o luk._n 7.26_o and_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o give_v knowledge_n of_o salvation_n unto_o the_o people_n luk._n 2.77_o and_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n 3.16_o act_n 19.4_o joh._n 1.29_o mat._n 3.11_o mat._n 1.8_o luk._n 3.16_o luk._n 2.18_o neither_o do_v john_n ever_o distinguish_v jesus_n from_o himself_o by_o any_o difference_n that_o there_o be_v in_o their_o doctrine_n but_o only_o thus_o that_o what_o john_n declare_v general_o and_o confuse_o be_v more_o distinct_o deliver_v by_o christ_n who_o be_v the_o true_a light_n but_o by_o this_o that_o jesus_n be_v the_o messiah_n that_o be_v promise_v the_o king_n of_o a_o heavenly_a kingdom_n who_o shall_v give_v the_o power_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v believe_v on_o he_o the_o four_o argument_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o of_o no_o small_a force_n be_v this_o that_o if_o by_o the_o arg._n 4_o gospel_n alâ—_n power_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o magistrate_n to_o execute_v capital_a punishment_n follow_v a_o argument_n â—â—â—â—r_fw-mi â—â—om_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d conâ—â—ouâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d tâ—â—t_n â—ou_fw-mi â—_o follow_v together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o sword_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n from_o thief_n and_o robber_n how_o soon_o will_v the_o christian_a world_n be_v overrun_v with_o rapine_n and_o violence_n and_o what_o a_o deluge_n of_o wickedness_n of_o all_o sort_n will_v break_v in_o upon_o we_o that_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o consequence_n we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v if_o we_o either_o remember_v what_o sad_a effect_n this_o remissness_n bring_v upon_o the_o old_a world_n or_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v how_o hardly_o these_o sin_n of_o rapine_n cruelty_n and_o the_o like_a be_v restrain_v now_o even_o by_o capital_a punishment_n for_o the_o suppress_n whereof_o tribunal_n law_n and_o so_o many_o kind_n and_o degree_n of_o punishment_n be_v invent_v say_v chryso_v in_o serm_n ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la fidelem_fw-la wherefore_o if_o christ_n
into_o arm_n before_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o he_o that_o list_v himself_o after_o baptism_n for_o say_v he_o their_o condition_n be_v plain_o otherwise_o who_o be_v first_o soldier_n be_v afterward_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n as_o they_o who_o st._n john_n admit_v to_o his_o baptism_n or_o that_o faithful_a centurion_n who_o christ_n approve_v of_o and_o who_o st._n peter_n instruct_v provide_v that_o have_v once_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v seal_v up_o thereunto_o by_o baptism_n they_o either_o renounce_v the_o war_n present_o as_o some_o have_v do_v or_o take_v special_a care_n that_o they_o do_v nothing_o therein_o that_o may_v offend_v god_n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o some_o christian_n do_v or_o at_o least_o may_v continue_v in_o arm_n after_o baptism_n which_o certain_o will_v not_o have_v be_v permit_v have_v warfare_n be_v by_o christ_n absolute_o forbid_v no_o more_o than_o soothsayer_n magician_n and_o the_o professor_n of_o such_o like_a prohibit_v art_n be_v permit_v after_o baptism_n to_o persist_v in_o their_o diabolical_a profession_n tertullian_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o who_o profess_v such_o art_n as_o the_o christian_a discipline_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n 65._o de_fw-fr idol_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o open_a ep._n 65._o and_o st._n aug._n instance_n among_o other_o in_o common_a whore_n bawd_n and_o stage_n player_n none_o whereof_o until_o they_o have_v remove_v their_o profession_n observe_v 2_o will_v he_o admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n also_o be_v st._n cyprian_n do_v war_n decline_v not_o as_o in_o itself_o unlawful_a but_o to_o avoid_v acts._n repugnant_a to_o christianity_n as_o the_o jew_n do_v second_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n christian_n do_v either_o disapprove_v or_o avoid_v the_o war_n not_o because_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o unlawful_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o circumstance_n incident_a to_o those_o time_n which_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o exercise_n of_o war_n without_o the_o do_n of_o some_o act_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o christian_a religion_n thus_o tertullian_n forbid_v a_o christian_n to_o go_v to_o war_n not_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a but_o because_o the_o discipline_n of_o war_n do_v sometime_o enjoin_v such_o act_n as_o the_o discipline_n of_o christ_n can_v not_o allow_v of_o in_o the_o epistle_n of_o dolabella_n to_o the_o ephesian_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o josephus_n the_o jew_n desire_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o military_a expedition_n not_o simple_o as_o be_v unlawful_a but_o that_o be_v mix_v with_o stranger_n they_o can_v not_o sufficient_o perform_v the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o own_o law_n nor_o will_v their_o religion_n permit_v they_o to_o make_v long_a march_n or_o to_o perform_v act_n of_o hostility_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o the_o same_o josephus_n tell_v we_o that_o for_o these_o very_a reason_n the_o jew_n get_v leave_v of_o l._n lentulus_n to_o be_v discharge_v the_o army_n the_o same_o historian_n also_o relate_v that_o the_o jew_n be_v banish_v rome_n some_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o war_n other_o be_v punish_v for_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o reverence_n to_o their_o country_n law_n and_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v whereunto_o they_o sometime_o add_v a_o three_o namely_o because_o they_o think_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o make_v war_n against_o their_o own_o counrty-man_n especial_o be_v persecute_v for_o observe_v their_o own_o country_n law_n idol_n jos_n ant._n l._n 11._o lib._n the_o idol_n but_o be_v free_v from_o these_o inconvenience_n they_o refuse_v not_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o that_o under_o foreign_a king_n but_o still_o under_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n and_o worship_n god_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o forefather_n unto_o these_o danger_n that_o the_o war_n expose_v they_o unto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o which_o tertullian_n object_n that_o they_o be_v sometime_o command_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n of_o the_o gentile_n militis_fw-la de_fw-fr coron_n militis_fw-la mars_n jupiter_n etc._n etc._n which_o unto_o christian_n be_v a_o very_a great_a scandal_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o jew_n whereupon_o the_o same_o tertullian_n in_o another_o place_n thus_o apologize_v for_o they_o shall_v say_v he_o a_o christian_a watch_n to_o guard_v the_o temple_n of_o those_o god_n who_o he_o have_v renonunce_v shall_v he_o sup_v there_o where_o he_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v shall_v he_o defend_v those_o spirit_n by_o night_n which_o he_o exorcise_v by_o day_n and_o a_o little_a after_o how_o many_o other_o great_a offence_n may_v be_v see_v in_o military_a duty_n which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o interpret_v but_o as_o breach_n of_o our_o christian_a law_n observe_v 3_o a_o three_o thing_n observable_a be_v this_o that_o many_o christian_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n be_v inflame_v with_o so_o great_a a_o zeal_n to_o a_o holy_a life_n precept_n the_o father_n give_v it_o as_o their_o counsel_n but_o not_o as_o christ_n precept_n that_o they_o ofttimes_o embrace_v the_o godly_a counsel_n of_o wiseman_n with_o the_o same_o fervour_n of_o devotion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o command_n of_o christ_n christian_n say_v anaxagoras_n will_v not_o contend_v in_o judgement_n with_o those_o that_o rob_v they_o and_o salvianus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o command_n of_o christ_n that_o we_o shall_v rather_o yield_v up_o our_o own_o right_n than_o prosecute_v the_o law_n for_o it_o but_o this_o if_o take_v general_o may_v be_v embrace_v as_o good_a and_o fatherly_a counsel_n tend_v to_o evangelical_n perfection_n but_o be_v never_o digest_v into_o a_o christian_a precept_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o four_o council_n of_o carthage_n decree_v that_o a_o bishop_n though_o provoke_v shall_v never_o sue_v for_o thing_n transitory_a 58._o with_fw-mi amb._n de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 2._o c._n 21._o greg._n m._n l._n 2._o judict_n 11._o ep_n 58._o so_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n condemn_v all_o oath_n as_o unlawful_a without_o any_o exception_n whereas_o st._n paul_n himself_o to_o gain_v belief_n in_o a_o serious_a matter_n do_v swear_v a_o christian_a in_o tatian_n refuse_v the_o praetorship_n and_o tertullian_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o christian_n shall_v not_o affect_v magistracy_n lactantius_n 18._o lactantius_n lib._n 5._o c._n 18._o also_o deny_v that_o a_o just_a man_n and_o such_o he_o will_v have_v a_o christian_n to_o be_v ought_v to_o make_v war_n but_o deny_v also_o that_o he_o shall_v navigate_v the_o sea_n how_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n do_v dissuade_v christian_n from_o second_o marriage_n yet_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o any_o of_o these_o be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a for_o though_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o excellent_a ornament_n to_o our_o christian_a profession_n and_o very_o acceptable_a to_o god_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o any_o law_n nay_o far_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v some_o place_n of_o scripture_n which_o do_v seem_o restrain_v the_o political_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n yet_o since_o it_o have_v be_v account_v by_o all_o good_a man_n a_o mean_n sufficient_a for_o the_o avoid_n of_o personal_a inconvenience_n as_o mutilation_n etc._n etc._n to_o admit_v of_o any_o sense_n rather_o than_o the_o literal_a as_o of_o the_o pluck_n out_o of_o the_o right_a eye_n the_o cut_n off_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n etc._n etc._n much_o rather_o shall_v those_o place_n of_o scripture_n that_o be_v urge_v against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n admit_v of_o any_o sense_n than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o christianity_n shall_v destroy_v that_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o justice_n the_o only_a curb_n to_o vice_n and_o one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o world_n can_v subsist_v without_o government_n nor_o any_o government_n without_o law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n themselves_o signify_v but_o little_a without_o coercion_n than_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o that_o religion_n can_v be_v good_a that_o hold_v forth_o such_o doctrine_n who_o consequence_n will_v destroy_v all_o government_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o doctrine_n be_v to_o be_v suppress_v with_o all_o care_n and_o prudence_n as_o the_o great_a pest_n and_o nuisance_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o those_o very_a man_n that_o do_v first_o intend_v by_o this_o doctrine_n to_o exauctorate_v prince_n and_o magistrate_n will_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v be_v the_o very_a first_o that_o will_v take_v up_o arm_n to_o abett_v and_o establish_v their_o own_o wild_a and_o exorbitant_a fancy_n and_o those_o prince_n who_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
to_o prove_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n in_o require_v those_o city_n which_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o father_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n ever_o enjoy_v thus_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new_a island_n without_o leave_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v exact_v it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a see_v also_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v free_a for_o all_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n porphyry_n account_v thirty_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o herodian_a in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n what_o a_o age_n what_o account_v three_o age_n for_o a_o century_n philo_n also_o reckon_v in_o three_o hundred_o year_n ten_o king_n to_o reign_v in_o egypt_n so_o plutarch_n record_v fourteen_o king_n to_o have_v reign_v in_o lacedaemon_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n wise_o forbid_v that_o any_o title_n shall_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n that_o have_v be_v discontinue_v for_o four_o age_n viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o see_v that_o man_n do_v natural_o love_v themselves_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v they_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v cast_v away_o what_o be_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o such_o negative_a act_n though_o long_o continue_v can_v be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o conclude_v a_o dereliction_n but_o we_o ought_v also_o to_o believe_v so_o charitable_o of_o man_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v one_o another_o to_o live_v perpetual_o in_o a_o sin_n unrepented_a of_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v vain_a and_o perishable_a which_o can_v ofttimes_o be_v avoid_v unless_o we_o do_v grant_v such_o a_o dereliction_n as_o concern_v empire_n though_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n among_o man_n dejot_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la dejot_fw-la yet_o be_v they_o not_o without_o their_o burden_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o well_o administer_v they_o expose_v the_o governor_n to_o the_o wrath_n of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v sad_a when_o they_o that_o be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n shall_v waste_v the_o orphan_n estate_n with_o needless_a suit_n at_o law_n about_o the_o right_n of_o tutelage_n 1._o lib._n 1._o or_o to_o use_v plato_n similitude_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n when_o mariner_n in_o a_o storm_n shall_v contend_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o the_o ship_n whether_o of_o they_o can_v best_o steer_v she_o so_o they_o be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a patriot_n who_o can_v be_v content_a to_o sacrifice_v the_o public_a peace_n to_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n and_o not_o without_o the_o vast_a expense_n of_o innocent_a blood_n dispute_n which_o of_o they_o can_v best_o provide_v for_o the_o people_n safety_n high_o extol_v by_o our_o ancestor_n be_v that_o act_n of_o antiochus_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n by_o scipio_n and_o confine_v to_o that_o only_a which_o lie_v beyond_o mount_n taurus_n give_v hearty_a thanks_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o ease_v he_o of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n 1._o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o and_o for_o contract_v his_o dominion_n within_o moderate_a bound_n of_o the_o very_a same_o mind_n seem_v jonathan_n to_o be_v will_v rather_o to_o forego_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o to_o destroy_v his_o country_n with_o civil_a war_n so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v but_o next_o unto_o david_n who_o he_o love_v as_o his_o own_o soul_n 1_o sam._n 23.17_o it_o be_v say_v of_o otho_n the_o emperor_n that_o in_o his_o life_n he_o be_v as_o dissolute_a as_o nero_n finem_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi othon_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la but_o in_o his_o death_n as_o honourable_a as_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n for_o rather_o than_o harass_n his_o own_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n he_o choose_v to_o die_v resolute_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n among_o those_o many_o grave_a say_n bequeath_v unto_o we_o by_o lucan_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o the_o least_o cantone_n novorum_fw-la proventu_fw-la scelerum_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la uter_fw-la imperet_fw-la urbi_fw-la vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la fuerat_fw-la civilia_fw-la bella_fw-la movere_fw-la ut_fw-la neuter_n shall_v they_o my_o praise_n have_v who_o seek_v by_o broil_n which_o shall_v the_o state_n enslave_v it_o have_v scarce_o be_v so_o much_o worth_n to_o expect_v whether_o as_o to_o provide_v by_o civil_a war_n that_o neither_o but_o howsoever_o see_v that_o it_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o title_n to_o empire_n shall_v at_o length_n become_v fix_v and_o undoubted_a certain_a title_n to_o empirâ—s_n shall_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a therefore_o whatsoever_o proof_n though_o but_o conjectural_a shall_v be_v bring_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v embrace_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o favour_n for_o if_o aratus_n sicyonius_n think_v it_o severe_a to_o lose_v what_o for_o fifty_o year_n he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v how_o much_o more_o be_v that_o of_o augustus_n who_o esteem_v he_o for_o a_o good_a man_n and_o a_o true_a citizen_n alter_v the_o present_a state_n of_o government_n not_o to_o be_v alter_v who_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n alter_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o as_o alcibiades_n in_o thucydides_n speak_v will_v help_v to_o defend_v that_o form_n of_o government_n which_o be_v then_o in_o be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v isocrates_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o oration_n against_o calimachus_n and_o so_o be_v cicero_n who_o in_o his_o oration_n against_o rullus_n tell_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o it_o concern_v he_o that_o will_v preserve_v peace_n to_o defend_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v and_o livy_n also_o who_o say_v 35._o lib._n 35._o that_o every_o good_a subject_a aught_o to_o rejoice_v in_o the_o present_a government_n of_o public_a affair_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n defective_a in_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v yet_o against_o that_o presumption_n whereby_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o will_n to_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o there_o be_v another_o more_o strong_a that_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o any_o man_n that_o will_v so_o preserve_v what_o be_v his_o shall_v not_o in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n lie_v some_o manifest_a claim_n thereunto_o by_o some_o fit_a signification_n of_o his_o will._n ix_o dominion_n have_v be_v transfer_v by_o possession_n immemorial_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v say_v and_o haply_o not_o improbable_o that_o this_o depend_v not_o upon_o a_o bare_a presumption_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n introduce_v by_o the_o voluntary_a right_n of_o nation_n that_o a_o immemorial_n and_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n without_o any_o claim_n or_o appeal_v make_v to_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n to_o transfer_v a_o undoubted_a dominion_n and_o therefore_o when_o phocaea_n be_v give_v to_o the_o elder_n of_o catana_n by_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n gregoras_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n add_v that_o every_o of_o their_o successor_n shall_v declare_v in_o writing_n that_o they_o hold_v it_o under_o the_o title_n of_o administrator_n lest_o by_o a_o long_a continue_a omission_n the_o right_a of_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v exclude_v for_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v that_o what_o do_v so_o high_o conduce_v to_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o common_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n may_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n pass_v into_o a_o law_n but_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n that_o be_v 35._o lib._n 35._o as_o sulpitius_n in_o livy_n speak_v such_o a_o possession_n as_o be_v hold_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o perpetual_a form_n of_o right_n 34._o lib._n 34._o always_o continue_v and_o never_o intermit_v and_o as_o the_o same_o livy_n in_o another_o place_n express_v it_o a_o continue_a possession_n that_o be_v never_o controvert_v for_o if_o it_o be_v inconstant_a and_o desultory_a it_o avail_v nothing_o as_o the_o numidian_n sometime_o plead_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o sometime_o the_o numidian_a king_n and_o sometime_o the_o carthaginian_n hold_v the_o possession_n as_o opportunity_n and_o advantage_n offer_v themselves_o to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o at_o all_o time_n he_o that_o be_v strong_a hold_v it_o long_o x._o whether_o the_o right_a of_o those_o unborn_a may_v be_v thus_o lose_v but_o a_o more_o knotty_a question_n yet_o remain_v namely_o whether_o the_o right_a of_o such_o as_o be_v unborn_a may_v by_o such_o a_o dereliction_n tacit_o pass_v from_o they_o if_o we_o say_v it_o can_v than_o neither_o can_v a_o long_a uninterrupted_a possession_n add_v any_o certainty_n
of_o their_o promise_n not_o only_o among_o the_o roman_n but_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o against_o some_o they_o introduce_v the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o do_v no_o whit_n appertain_v to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o they_o be_v receive_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v contract_v with_o a_o citizen_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o city_n as_o if_o he_o be_v for_o that_o time_n a_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n such_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o some_o desert_a island_n or_o by_o letter_n between_o two_o person_n inhabit_v diverse_a nation_n for_o then_o such_o agreement_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o as_o be_v the_o agreement_n make_v between_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o they_o be_v such_o for_o in_o these_o what_o they_o do_v private_o may_v by_o their_o law_n be_v make_v void_a when_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n to_o those_o power_n but_o not_o when_o do_v to_o their_o punishment_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n how_o far_o natural_o it_o oblige_v concern_v a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o difficult_a for_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o that_o error_n which_o be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o that_o which_o concern_v not_o the_o substance_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o fraud_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o promise_n or_o not_o again_o whether_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fraud_n or_o not_o and_o last_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v strict_o due_a or_o bind_v only_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o case_n declare_v some_o act_n to_o be_v void_a and_o other_o valid_a but_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o be_v injure_v the_o promise_n may_v be_v either_o revoke_v or_o reform_v but_o most_o of_o these_o distinction_n proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o well_o from_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n as_o from_o the_o praetorian_a and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v either_o not_o altogether_o true_a or_o not_o well_o digest_v but_o yet_o it_o suffice_v to_o chalk_v out_o a_o way_n for_o we_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a truth_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o law_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o when_o a_o law_n be_v enact_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o be_v not_o real_o so_o do_v as_o be_v suggest_v and_o believe_v that_o law_n be_v not_o oblige_v because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fail_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o law_n fail_v with_o it_o but_o when_o a_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o such_o a_o presumption_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o law_n from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o other_o circumstance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o promise_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o indeed_o never_o be_v do_v that_o promise_v natural_o be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o promiser_n do_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n absolute_o to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o upon_o such_o a_o condition_n if_o not_o express_v yet_o presume_v as_o real_o be_v not_o as_o in_o that_o case_n mention_v by_o cicero_n of_o he_o who_o false_o believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a appoint_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n and_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o promiser_n be_v neglective_a either_o in_o his_o diligence_n to_o examine_v and_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o son_n death_n or_o in_o his_o care_n of_o express_v his_o own_o sense_n and_o do_v thereby_o occasion_n any_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o make_v that_o promise_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o promise_n make_v but_o for_o the_o damage_n which_o through_o his_o neglect_n be_v sustain_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v and_o yet_o that_o error_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o promise_v make_v the_o act_n shall_v be_v valid_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o a_o true_a consent_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v by_o any_o fraud_n of_o he_o direct_o or_o indirect_o occasion_n that_o error_n what_o damage_n soever_o shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o promiser_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o error_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o repair_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o in_o part_n occasion_v by_o a_o error_n then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n the_o promise_n shall_v stand_v good_a vii_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o fear_n oblige_v concern_v those_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n question_n do_v arise_v no_o less_o perpiext_n for_o herein_o they_o do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o fear_n which_o be_v either_o great_a and_o vehement_a or_o light_n and_o slender_a if_o great_a than_o they_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o or_o in_o respect_n only_o of_o the_o person_n fear_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v occasion_v just_o or_o unjust_o and_o whether_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o by_o some_o other_o as_o also_o they_o distinguish_v of_o the_o act_n whether_o free_a and_o generous_a or_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a and_o according_a to_o this_o diversity_n be_v some_o act_n say_v to_o be_v void_a other_o revocable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o promiser_n and_o other_o to_o be_v whole_o renew_v concern_v every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o opinion_n but_o i_o do_v whole_o incline_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o set_v aside_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o sometime_o take_v away_o and_o sometime_o moderate_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o such_o promise_n he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n through_o fear_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v because_o the_o consent_n he_o give_v be_v not_o conditional_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n but_o absolute_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o that_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v shipwrack_v throw_v his_o good_n overboard_o 3._o eth._n nic._n 3._o will_v willing_o preserve_v they_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v wreck_v but_o upon_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v that_o his_o good_n rather_o than_o himself_o shall_v perish_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v also_o crave_v this_o allowance_n that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v occasion_n not_o a_o just_a but_o a_o unjust_a fear_n though_o but_o slight_a and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v so_o make_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o discharge_v the_o promiser_n if_o he_o desire_v it_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v in_o itself_o void_a but_o for_o the_o damage_n that_o he_o sustain_v who_o make_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o 1._o see_v chap._n 17.6.19_o and_o p._n 3._o ch_n 19_o §._o 1._o but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v herein_o shall_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v hereafter_o explain_v but_o that_o some_o act_n be_v rescind_v which_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n be_v occasion_v not_o by_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v but_o by_o another_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v often_o either_o null_a or_o revoke_v act_n though_o free_o do_v if_o they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n seneca_n argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o necessity_n make_v we_o to_o grant_v 26._o lib._n 4._o cont_n 26._o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o that_o force_n or_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v but_o what_o say_v he_o be_v that_o to_o i_o what_o thou_o be_v compel_v or_o necessitate_v to_o do_v if_o not_o by_o i_o meam_fw-la culpam_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la poena_fw-la sit_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fault_n shall_v be_v my_o own_o
mercy_n for_o that_o divine_a law_n that_o command_v they_o to_o destroy_v the_o nation_n deut._n 7.4_o exod._n 23.33_o be_v compare_v with_o another_o charge_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v they_o deut._n 20.10_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o limitation_n that_o if_o they_o yield_v upon_o the_o first_o summons_n they_o may_v be_v receive_v to_o mercy_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o history_n of_o rahab_n who_o for_o secure_v the_o spy_n be_v save_v 16.10_o jos_n 16.10_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n who_o be_v suffer_v to_o live_v among_o the_o ephramite_n and_o to_o serve_v they_o of_o the_o gergezites_n of_o who_o st._n matthew_n record_v 8.28_o mat._n 8.28_o that_o there_o be_v some_o live_n even_o until_o his_o time_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v these_o ennumerate_v among_o those_o that_o be_v to_o have_v be_v extirpate_v as_o you_o may_v read_v deut._n 20.17_o jos_n 9.1_o and_o last_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o that_o act_n of_o solomon_n 1_o king_n 20.20_o 21_o whereby_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o canaanite_n who_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n can_v not_o destroy_v as_o his_o tributary_n and_o bond-servant_n unto_o that_o day_n yea_o and_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o severe_a charge_n give_v unto_o moses_n for_o their_o extirpation_n as_o it_o be_v express_v exod._n 23.33_o deut._n 7.4_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o case_n as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n observe_v they_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o commandment_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o pay_v tribute_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o extirpation_n be_v take_v away_o they_o may_v live_v now_o why_o joshua_n may_v not_o as_o well_o spare_v the_o gibeonite_n upon_o their_o dedition_n as_o he_o do_v rahab_n and_o the_o canaanite_n of_o gezer_n upon_o they_o no_o solid_a reason_n can_v be_v assign_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o gergezites_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n be_v spare_v and_o live_v as_o tributary_n to_o the_o israelite_n till_o christ_n time_n be_v most_o evident_a by_o the_o sacred_a story_n the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o canaanite_n be_v not_o any_o inexorable_a command_n give_v by_o god_n to_o moses_n for_o that_o leave_v they_o a_o possibility_n to_o live_v because_o a_o power_n to_o submit_v but_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o punishment_n for_o all_o their_o great_a provocation_n jos_n 11.19_o 20._o that_o so_o he_o may_v destroy_v they_o utter_o without_o any_o mercy_n as_o the_o lord_n command_v moses_n wherefore_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o gibeonite_n have_v deal_v plain_o with_o moses_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o have_v voluntary_o give_v themselves_o up_o as_o bond-servant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o will_v have_v spare_v their_o life_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o he_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n therefore_o valuit_fw-la juramentum_fw-la the_o oath_n be_v to_o remain_v inviolable_a yea_o and_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o oath_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o when_o saul_n either_o forget_v the_o oath_n of_o his_o forefather_n or_o out_o of_o a_o well-meant_a zeal_n slay_v some_o of_o these_o gibeonite_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o many_o thousand_o israelite_n 21.6_o 2_o sam._n 21.6_o in_o the_o three_o year_n famine_n which_o god_n bring_v upon_o israel_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v st._n ambrose_n who_o handle_v this_o question_n say_v joshua_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o break_v the_o peace_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n because_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o by_o oath_n ne_o dum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la perfidiam_fw-la arguit_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o svam_fw-la fidem_fw-la solveret_fw-la lest_o while_o he_o punish_v other_o for_o their_o perfidiousness_n he_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n neither_o do_v this_o fraud_n of_o they_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a for_o whereas_o have_v they_o deal_v plain_o they_o have_v be_v admit_v upon_o pay_v of_o tribute_n only_o now_o their_o corporal_a slavery_n be_v at_o once_o the_o price_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o just_a punishment_n of_o their_o craft_n and_o subtilty_n so_o be_v the_o brutiani_fw-la serve_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o loh_n 10._o c._n 3._o as_o gellius_n relate_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o extend_v neither_o shall_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v wrest_v to_o any_o other_o sense_n than_o the_o word_n do_v usual_o bear_v wherefore_o when_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v swear_v not_o to_o give_v their_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o benjamite_n do_v notwithstanding_o suffer_v the_o benjamite_n to_o take_v the_o daughter_n of_o shiloh_n by_o force_n and_o to_o enjoy_v they_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o give_v and_o another_o not_o to_o require_v what_o be_v already_o lose_v whereof_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o this_o indulgence_n of_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o punishment_n suitable_a to_o their_o intemperance_n while_o they_o be_v permit_v only_o to_o enjoy_v those_o who_o they_o have_v ravish_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n nec_fw-la hortabantur_fw-la israelitae_n nec_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la say_v joseph_n the_o israelite_n do_v neither_o encourage_v the_o benjamite_n nor_o forbid_v they_o now_o the_o law_n say_v seneca_n may_v punish_v he_o that_o succour_v a_o exile_n but_o not_o he_o that_o only_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v relieve_v not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o request_n which_o the_o achaian_n make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v high_o displease_v at_o some_o thing_n by_o they_o do_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n will_v be_v please_v to_o alter_v what_o they_o will_v but_o not_o to_o bind_v they_o by_o any_o religious_a vow_n to_o null_a those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v already_o establish_v by_o oath_n vi_o oath_n bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a second_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o refer_v to_o thing_n lawful_a for_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v upon_o oath_n be_v forbid_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n or_o interdict_v by_o humane_a law_n whereof_o more_o anon_o it_o have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o to_o oblige_v we_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v do_v be_v swear_v and_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v all_o oath_n have_v a_o tacit_a exception_n of_o the_o high_a power_n and_o of_o former_a oath_n now_o god_n be_v great_a than_o man_n and_o therefore_o have_v first_o bind_v ourselves_o unto_o he_o no_o oath_n make_v against_o he_o or_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o he_o aught_o by_o we_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o repent_v of_o no_o weapon_n form_v against_o he_o shall_v prosper_v say_v the_o prophet_n es_fw-ge 54._o it_o be_v good_a counsel_n that_o philo_n give_v in_o this_o case_n let_v he_o that_o go_v about_o to_o do_v a_o unjust_a act_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n know_v that_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o perform_v his_o oath_n but_o break_v it_o for_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o great_a care_n and_o devotion_n to_o preserve_v whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v to_o do_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o do_v but_o accumulate_v one_o sin_n upon_o another_o who_o to_o a_o wicked_a oath_n add_v a_o dishonest_a action_n wherefore_o let_v he_o that_o have_v ensnare_v his_o own_o soul_n by_o a_o rash_a vow_n yet_o refrain_v from_o do_v wicked_o that_o god_n who_o be_v rich_a in_o mercy_n may_v forgive_v he_o for_o wilful_o to_o contract_v a_o double_a guilt_n when_o we_o may_v be_v discharge_v from_o a_o single_a one_o be_v a_o incurable_a madness_n rash_n vow_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o sometime_o worse_o keep_v our_o tongue_n must_v not_o bind_v our_o hand_n to_o do_v wicked_o 25._o 1_o sam._n 25._o david_n be_v less_o sinful_a in_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o nabal_n who_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o kill_v than_o herod_n be_v in_o kill_v the_o baptist_n or_o agamemnon_n in_o sacrifice_v iphigenia_n for_o their_o oath_n sake_n sure_o oath_n be_v never_o invent_v to_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n praestare_fw-la fateor_fw-la posse_fw-la i_o tacitam_fw-la fidem_fw-la si_fw-la scelere_fw-la careat_fw-la interim_n scelus_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la my_o faith_n perform_v i_o can_v i_o do_v confess_v if_o void_a of_o sin_n else_o faith_n but_o wickedness_n some_o promise_n can_v be_v perform_v say_v ambrose_n nor_o some_o oath_n keep_v without_o the_o violation_n of_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n or_o man._n and_o if_o
fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v hereof_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o accident_n as_o usual_o happen_v in_o war._n chap._n xvi_o concern_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o interpretation_n of_o league_n and_o promise_n i._o how_o promise_n do_v outward_o bind_v ii_o the_o word_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o vulgar_o take_v unless_o strong_a conjecture_n lead_v we_o otherwise_o iii_o word_n of_o art_n according_a to_o art_n iu_o conjecture_n useful_a where_o the_o word_n be_v either_o ambiguous_a or_o seem_v to_o be_v repugnant_a or_o offer_v themselves_o free_o as_o v._o from_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o promise_n vi_o from_o the_o effect_n vii_o from_o thing_n conjoin_v either_o in_o beginning_n or_o in_o place_n also_o viii_o whereunto_o appertain_v that_o conjecture_n that_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o reason_n move_v and_o when_o and_o how_o that_o take_v place_n ix_o of_o the_o large_a and_o strict_a signification_n of_o word_n x._o the_o distinction_n of_o promise_n into_o favourable_a burdensome_a and_o mix_v or_o middle_a xi_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o king_n or_o people_n the_o difference_n of_o those_o contract_n which_o oblige_v in_o equity_n and_o of_o those_o that_o oblige_v in_o strictness_n of_o law_n reject_v xii_o out_o of_o these_o distinction_n some_o rule_n be_v form_v that_o will_v guide_v we_o in_o our_o interpretation_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_n xiii_o whether_o under_o the_o name_n of_o associate_n those_o in_o present_a or_o those_o also_o in_o future_a be_v comprehend_v and_o how_o far_o fourteen_o how_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o one_o party_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o other_o xv._o concern_v these_o word_n that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a xvi_o what_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v account_v personal_a and_o what_o real_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xvii_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n be_v in_o force_n though_o that_o king_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n xviii_o but_o not_o as_o to_o he_o that_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n xix_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o do_v a_o thing_n if_o that_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o many_o at_o once_o to_o who_o be_v it_o due_a xx._n a_o conjecture_n free_o offer_v itself_o may_v either_o be_v extend_v and_o in_o what_o case_n xxi_o concern_v the_o fulfil_n of_o a_o command_n not_o direct_o in_o kind_n but_o in_o another_o kind_n as_o good_a or_o better_a xxii_o or_o contract_v and_o that_o either_o from_o some_o original_a defect_n in_o the_o will_n which_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v either_o from_o the_o absurdity_n that_o will_v ensue_v xxiii_o or_o when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n exciting_a the_o will_n shall_v cease_v xxiv_o or_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o matter_n xxv_o observation_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a conjecture_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v either_o as_o be_v unlawful_a xxvii_o or_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o act_n some_o great_a damage_n or_o charge_n arise_v to_o he_o that_o promise_v xxviii_o or_o by_o some_o other_o sign_n as_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o writing_n do_v clash_v one_o against_o the_o other_o xxix_o by_o what_o rule_v then_o we_o be_v to_o steer_v our_o conjecture_n xxx_o that_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n a_o writing_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o perfect_v a_o contract_n xxxi_o that_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n xxxii_o who_o word_n be_v most_o to_o be_v observe_v his_o that_o offer_v a_o condition_n or_o his_o that_o accept_v of_o it_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n i._o how_o promise_v bind_v external_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o person_n alone_o that_o promise_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v that_o free_o whereunto_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v bind_v what_o cicero_n say_v in_o this_o case_n be_v true_a 1._o true_a de_fw-fr off_z l._n 1._o in_o fide_fw-la quid_fw-la senseris_fw-la non_fw-la quid_fw-la dixeris_fw-la cogitandum_fw-la in_o thing_n depend_v upon_o faith_n what_o thou_o mean_v be_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o what_o thou_o say_v but_o because_o our_o inward_a thought_n be_v not_o discernible_a and_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o by_o promise_n be_v every_o man_n leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o frame_v what_o interpretation_n he_o please_v of_o they_o therefore_o some_o certain_a rule_n must_v be_v agree_v upon_o whereby_o we_o may_v know_v to_o what_o our_o promise_n do_v bind_v we_o and_o sure_o natural_a reason_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v promise_v have_v a_o power_n to_o enforce_v the_o promiser_n to_o that_o which_o his_o promise_n right_o interpret_v do_v suggest_v for_o otherwise_o no_o treaty_n will_v have_v a_o end_n which_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o morality_n be_v hold_v impossible_a and_o perhaps_o in_o this_o it_o be_v â—hat_n isocrates_n treat_v of_o agreement_n in_o his_o prescription_n against_o calimachus_n say_v we_o man_n do_v all_o of_o we_o whether_o greek_n or_o barbarian_n dispatch_v affair_n use_v this_o common_a rule_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o ancient_a league_n this_o form_n be_v usual_a say_v livy_n without_o any_o evil_a fraud_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a sense_n and_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n here_o at_o this_o time_n thus_o do_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n upon_o the_o 30._o of_o number_n interpret_v vow_n in_o that_o sense_n as_o the_o word_n be_v common_o then_o understand_v the_o best_a rule_n of_o interpretation_n be_v that_o which_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n by_o the_o most_o probable_a sign_n now_o these_o sign_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n as_o word_n and_o other_o conjecture_n and_o these_o consider_v sometime_o a_o part_n and_o sometime_o conjoin_v ii_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n if_o other_o conjecture_n do_v not_o hinder_v if_o there_o be_v no_o conjecture_n that_o guide_v we_o otherwise_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o their_o propriety_n not_o that_o which_o be_v grammatical_a or_o primitive_a but_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a and_o most_o in_o use_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la which_o giu_v at_o pleasure_n rule_n and_o law_n to_o speech_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o procopius_n 1._o vand._n l._n 1._o long_a time_n do_v not_o always_o preserve_v word_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o give_v for_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o be_v turn_v in_o sense_n according_a to_o man_n pleasure_n without_o regard_n to_o those_o name_n that_o be_v original_o impose_v on_o they_o it_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a refuge_n that_o the_o locrian_o make_v use_v of_o against_o perjury_n when_o have_v put_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n earth_n into_o their_o shoe_n and_o carry_v some_o head_n of_o garlic_n covert_o on_o their_o shoulder_n they_o swear_v they_o will_v keep_v the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n which_o be_v very_o grievous_a so_o long_o as_o they_o carry_v those_o head_n on_o their_o shoulder_n and_o tread_v upon_o that_o earth_n but_o have_v cast_v away_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o their_o shoe_n and_o throw_v away_o those_o head_n of_o garlic_n from_o their_o shoulder_n they_o think_v themselves_o absolve_v from_o their_o oath_n which_o story_n we_o find_v in_o polybius_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o the_o boeotian_o in_o thucydides_n 12._o lib._n 12._o who_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o certain_a city_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n if_o they_o restore_v it_o not_o stand_v but_o demolish_a so_o sultan_n mahomet_n have_v take_v euboea_n cut_v the_o governors_n body_n asunder_o who_o head_n he_o have_v promise_v to_o preserve_v but_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v this_o be_v not_o a_o way_n to_o prevent_v perjury_n but_o to_o confirm_v it_o iii_o word_n of_o art_n according_a to_o art_n finitivum_fw-la referent_a ad_fw-la flatum_fw-la finitivum_fw-la if_o in_o a_o league_n there_o be_v a_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o term_n of_o art_n which_o the_o people_n understand_v not_o those_o term_n be_v to_o be_v define_v and_o explain_v by_o the_o most_o skilful_a in_o that_o art_n as_o what_o majesty_n be_v what_o parricide_n etc._n etc._n wherewith_o rhetorician_n use_v to_o limit_v the_o matter_n treat_v of_o for_o what_o cicero_n say_v be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o term_n of_o logic_n be_v not_o vulgar_a but_o proper_a to_o themselves_o only_o as_o indeed_o be_v the_o term_n of_o every_o art_n as_o when_o the_o word_n army_n be_v use_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n as_o dare_v open_o invade_v another_o dominion_n for_o historian_n do_v distinguish_v between_o those_o
vejentine_a ambassador_n that_o unless_o they_o depart_v the_o city_n they_o will_v show_v they_o no_o more_o mercy_n 10._o liv._o l._n 27._o id._n l._n 4._o lib._n 10._o than_o tolumnius_n their_o king_n have_v show_v to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n who_o he_o command_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o as_o the_o samnite_n declare_v to_o the_o roman_n namely_o that_o if_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o assembly_n in_o samninus_n they_o shall_v not_o depart_v in_o safety_n this_o law_n therefore_o reach_v not_o unto_o those_o through_o who_o territory_n ambassador_n presume_v to_o pass_v without_o licence_n for_o if_o they_o be_v go_v to_o their_o enemy_n or_o come_v from_o they_o or_o do_v otherwise_o attempt_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n they_o may_v be_v even_o kill_v thus_o do_v the_o athenian_n serve_v the_o ambassador_n pass_v between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o spartan_n so_o do_v the_o illyrian_n 2._o thucyd._n l._n 2._o those_o that_o go_v between_o the_o essians_n and_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o be_v take_v may_v they_o be_v bind_v and_o keep_v in_o prison_n as_o xenophon_n past_o judgement_n upon_o some_o and_o alexander_n against_o those_o which_o be_v send_v from_o thebes_n and_o lacedaemon_n unto_o darius_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o hannibal_n but_o if_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o the_o ambassador_n be_v evil_a treat_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v be_v not_o thereby_o violate_v but_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o prince_n either_o from_o who_o they_o come_v or_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v thereby_o wound_v and_o all_o friendship_n with_o they_o break_a thus_o write_v justine_n concern_v philip_n the_o latter_a king_n of_o macedon_n 29._o liâ—_n 29._o that_o he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o letter_n to_o contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n who_o be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o roman_a senate_n be_v dismiss_v with_o safety_n not_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n but_o lest_o of_o a_o doubtful_a friend_n they_o shall_v thereby_o make_v he_o their_o certain_a enemy_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n any_o prince_n shall_v lay_v in_o wait_n to_o surprise_v the_o ambassador_n of_o another_o prince_n without_o his_o own_o territory_n for_o this_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o thessalian_n against_o king_n philip_n record_v by_o livy_n vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v hereunto_o oblige_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o embassage_n be_v admit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n protect_v the_o person_n send_v even_o among_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n one_o against_o another_o much_o more_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bare_o enemy_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o herald_n enjoy_v peace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o kill_v the_o herald_n send_v from_o the_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n 1._o nation_n vide_fw-la §._o 1._o if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v say_v pomponius_n legatis_fw-la pomponius_n l._n ult_n d._n de_fw-fr legatis_fw-la as_o one_o that_o have_v violate_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n because_o their_o person_n be_v general_o hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o tacitus_n call_v this_o right_a 2._o right_a ann._n l._n 1._o verrin_n 1._o lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o right_a of_o enemy_n the_o sanctimony_n of_o embassy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n approve_v by_o god_n himself_o so_o likewise_o cicero_n nun_n legati_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n incolumes_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la ought_v not_o ambassador_n te_fw-la be_v secure_v though_o among_o troop_n of_o arm_a foe_n and_o seneca_n in_o his_o book_n of_o anger_n he_o offer_v violence_n even_o to_o ambassador_n thereby_o spurn_v at_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o villainous_a act_n a_o wicked_a cause_n a_o impious_a murder_n as_o livy_n call_v it_o in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o fidenates_n assassinate_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n when_o their_o ambassador_n be_v bring_v into_o great_a danger_n he_o say_v ne_o belli_fw-la quidem_fw-la jura_fw-la relicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la they_o have_v not_o leave_v among_o they_o so_o much_o as_o the_o right_n of_o war._n 4._o lib._n 4._o so_o curtius_n he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o peace_n who_o the_o tyrian_n kill_v and_o throw_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o even_o in_o war_n many_o thing_n fall_v out_o which_o can_v be_v transact_v but_o by_o ambassador_n and_o very_o hardly_o can_v peace_n at_o any_o time_n be_v make_v without_o they_o vii_o neither_o be_v ambassador_n liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n another_o question_n do_v usual_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o prince_n may_v retaliate_v the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o own_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o ambassador_n of_o he_o who_o do_v that_o wrong_n and_o sure_o we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n many_o example_n of_o revenge_n take_v in_o this_o way_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o historian_n do_v usual_o record_v not_o only_o thing_n that_o be_v just_o and_o pious_o do_v but_o those_o also_o that_o be_v do_v unjust_o in_o heat_n of_o anger_n rash_o and_o impotent_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o careful_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o person_n send_v but_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o person_n send_v so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a contract_n make_v between_o the_o ambassador_n send_v and_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o go_v and_o therefore_o though_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o injustice_n do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v his_o ambassador_n as_o have_v just_o deserve_v it_o for_o the_o affront_n give_v he_o in_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n yet_o to_o the_o person_n send_v there_o will_v be_v do_v a_o manifest_a injustice_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o tacit_a agreement_n he_o may_v just_o claim_v his_o indemnity_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o magnanimous_o but_o just_o do_v by_o scipio_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o though_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n have_v be_v very_o hardly_o use_v at_o carthage_n yet_o when_o the_o roman_n bring_v the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n unto_o he_o demand_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o make_v answer_n nihil_fw-la tale_n quale_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la à _fw-la carthaginensibus_fw-la nothing_o of_o that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n do_v unto_o the_o roman_n or_o according_a to_o what_o livy_n add_v nihil_fw-la se_fw-la facturum_fw-la institutis_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la indignum_fw-la that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o unworthy_a of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n whereunto_o diodorus_n add_v this_o reason_n lest_o what_o we_o blame_v in_o they_o we_o justify_v in_o ourselves_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v yet_o dismiss_v their_o ambassador_n in_o safety_n thus_o do_v constantius_n remit_v titianus_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o by_o magnentius_n though_o his_o own_o ambassador_n philip_n send_v unto_o magnentius_n have_v be_v hy_z he_o detain_v as_o zosimon_n testify_v and_o when_o long_o before_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n cornelius_n asina_n be_v put_v in_o chain_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o hanno_n the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o rome_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o like_a measure_n the_o consul_n stand_v up_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v he_o isto_fw-la te_fw-la metu_fw-la hanno_n fides_fw-la civitatis_fw-la nostra_fw-la liberet_fw-la let_v the_o faith_n of_o our_o city_n hanno_n free_v thou_o from_o this_o fear_n viii_o the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n extend_v to_o their_o retinue_n not_o only_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o his_o follower_n and_o good_n be_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o word_n use_v by_o ambassador_n and_o herald_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v these_o o_o king_n do_v thou_o admit_v of_o i_o as_o the_o royal_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o my_o good_n and_o follower_n and_o by_o the_o julian_n law_n not_o only_o they_o that_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o but_o they_o that_o injure_v any_o of_o their_o attendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi publiea_fw-mi of_o violence_n do_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n but_o this_o sanctimony_n belong_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v attendant_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o therefore_o no_o further_o due_a than_o he_o shall_v please_v
itself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o earth_n and_o grave_n be_v to_o all_o man_n common_a and_o alike_o due_a eusebius_n also_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n the_o law_n of_o mortal_n aristides_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o law_n common_a to_o all_o man_n papinius_n the_o law_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o general_a league_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n the_o great_a commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o lysias_n the_o orator_n the_o common_a hope_n of_o all_o he_o that_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o body_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v say_v in_o claudian_n to_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o humanity_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n to_o reproach_n nature_n herself_o and_o by_o isidore_n to_o profane_v that_o which_o be_v holy_a and_o because_o the_o ancient_n observe_v that_o what_o right_n soever_o be_v common_a to_o all_o civilise_v nation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v repute_v the_o more_o sacred_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n as_o their_o author_n as_o they_o do_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n so_o we_o find_v that_o they_o every_o where_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o this_o right_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o tragedy_n of_o euripides_n and_o in_o one_o also_o of_o sophocles_n you_o may_v find_v it_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ajace_n supplic_n ajace_n a_o divine_a law_n and_o in_o another_o antigone_n antigone_n you_o may_v find_v it_o reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o isocrates_n discourse_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n which_o theseus_n make_v against_o creon_n bring_v in_o adrastus_n have_v lose_v his_o army_n before_o thebes_n and_o by_o creon_n deny_v leave_v to_o bury_v the_o dead_a supplicate_v theseus_n then_o king_n of_o athens_n that_o he_o will_v commiserate_v those_o brave_a man_n that_o lay_v unbury_v before_o thebes_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v despise_v nor_o that_o common_a right_o violate_v which_o all_o mankind_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o as_o be_v institute_v not_o by_o a_o humane_a but_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n which_o when_o theseus_n hear_v he_o immediate_o send_v his_o ambassador_n to_o thebes_n the_o same_o author_n exceed_o blame_v the_o theban_n for_o prefer_v their_o own_o decree_n before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o not_o only_a isocrates_n in_o this_o place_n but_o herodotus_n in_o his_o calliope_n diodorus_n siculus_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o history_n xenophon_n in_o the_o six_o of_o his_o grecian_a history_n and_o many_o other_o historian_n do_v unanimous_o assert_v that_o this_o war_n of_o theseus_n be_v undertake_v for_o the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o every_o where_o in_o all_o author_n of_o the_o best_a account_n we_o read_v this_o office_n of_o bury_v the_o dead_a commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o most_o specious_a name_n of_o the_o best_a virtue_n 1._o orat._n pro_fw-la quintio_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 11_o 22._o lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o cicero_n and_o lactantius_n commend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n valerius_n maximus_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o courtesy_n quintilian_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o religion_n seneca_n as_o a_o act_n of_o compassion_n and_o humanity_n philo_n attribute_n it_o to_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n of_o common_a nature_n tacitus_n call_v it_o the_o commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o ulpian_n ascribe_v it_o to_o mercy_n and_o piety_n euripides_n and_o lactantius_n term_v it_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o piety_n 12._o lib._n 6._o c._n 12._o ultimum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o maximum_fw-la pietatis_fw-la officium_fw-la est_fw-la peregrinorum_fw-la &_o pauperum_fw-la sepultura_fw-la to_o bury_v the_o stranger_n and_o the_o poor_a be_v the_o last_o and_o great_a duty_n of_o piety_n say_v lactantius_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o donatist_n do_v the_o body_n of_o the_o catholic_n optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la condemn_v as_o impiety_n and_o in_o papinus_n we_o read_v bello_fw-la cogendus_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la in_o mores_fw-la hominemque_fw-la creon_n by_o war_n and_o arm_n must_v creon_n be_v enforce_v to_o custom_n and_o humanity_n spartianus_n brand_v such_o man_n with_o infamy_n callae_n vita_fw-la cara_fw-it callae_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o respect_n or_o reverence_n at_o all_o to_o humanity_n and_o livy_n call_v it_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o humane_a anger_n homer_n bring_v in_o jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o be_v offend_v at_o achilles_n for_o abuse_v the_o body_n of_o hector_n and_o lactantius_n condemn_v their_o wisdom_n as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o impiety_n who_o esteem_v all_o care_n in_o bury_v the_o dead_a superfluous_a ii_o whence_o this_o custom_n arise_v upon_o what_o ground_n this_o custom_n of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v at_o first_o introduce_v whether_o embalm_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o burn_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o inter_v as_o we_o now_o use_v which_o cicero_n approve_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a 54._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 54._o and_o after_o he_o pliny_n who_o make_v this_o difference_n between_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v sepultus_fw-la who_o body_n be_v by_o any_o mean_v keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o he_o only_o to_o be_v humatus_fw-la that_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o on_o all_o side_n moschion_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o savage_a cruelty_n of_o the_o giant_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o devour_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n cujus_fw-la abolitae_fw-la signum_fw-la est_fw-la sepultura_fw-la the_o abolish_n of_o which_o brutish_a custom_n be_v signify_v by_o sepulture_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n seem_v voluntary_o to_o pay_v that_o debt_n which_o nature_n will_v exact_v from_o we_o though_o we_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a for_o that_o all_o humane_a body_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o say_v by_o god_n only_o unto_o adam_n but_o all_o both_o greek_n and_o latin_n do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v cicero_n quote_v this_o out_o of_o euripides_n that_o reddenda_fw-la terrae_fw-la terra_fw-la earth_n must_v to_o earth_n return_v which_o also_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o solomon_n eccles_n 12.7_o 12.7_o eccles_n 12.7_o then_o shall_v the_o dust_n return_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v and_o the_o spirit_n shall_v return_v unto_o god_n that_o give_v it_o now_o on_o this_o subject_n what_o say_v solomon_n more_o than_o euripides_n who_o in_o the_o person_n of_o theseus_n say_v thus_o jam_fw-la sinite_fw-la terrae_fw-la mortuos_fw-la gremio_fw-la tegi_fw-la res_fw-la unde_fw-la quaeque_fw-la sumpserat_fw-la primordium_fw-la eo_fw-la recipitur_fw-la spiritus_fw-la coelo_fw-la redit_fw-la corpusque_fw-la terrae_fw-la jure_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la mancupî_fw-la sed_fw-la brevis_fw-la ad_fw-la aevi_fw-la tempus_fw-la utendum_fw-la datur_fw-la mox_fw-la terra_fw-la repetit_fw-la ipsa_fw-la quod_fw-la nutriverat_fw-la now_o let_v the_o dead_a be_v unto_o earth_n bequeath_v and_o each_o return_n from_o whence_o it_o once_o receive_v its_o be_v then_o will_v the_o spirit_n soon_o retire_v to_o heaven_n the_o flesh_n to_o dust_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v not_o give_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n lend_v that_o past_a and_o go_v the_o earth_n what_o it_o so_o lend_v soon_o seize_v on_o lucretius_n speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v she_o be_v of_o all_o the_o womb_n and_o common_a tomb._n pliny_n likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n receive_v we_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o be_v bear_v she_o nourish_v we_o and_o be_v bring_v up_o she_o always_o sustain_v we_o and_o at_o last_o be_v forsake_v by_o all_o the_o world_n she_o like_v a_o tender_a mother_n receive_v we_o into_o her_o own_o bowel_n again_o and_o there_o hide_v we_o flaccum_n see_v job_n 10.9_o in_o flaccum_n nature_n say_v philo_n have_v ordain_v the_o earth_n as_o man_n proper_a place_n not_o only_o while_o they_o live_v but_o be_v dead_a also_o ut_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la primos_fw-la suscepit_fw-la natales_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la exitum_fw-la that_o she_o that_o receive_v we_o from_o the_o womb_n may_v when_o dead_a afford_v we_o a_o tomb._n and_o yet_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v laudable_o do_v in_o man_n but_o what_o god_n have_v imprint_v some_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o some_o beast_n so_o also_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o very_a thing_n 30._o lib._n 11._o 30._o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o pismire_n that_o they_o only_o of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n beside_o man_n do_v bury_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o dolphin_n say_v 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o that_o
although_o the_o word_n follow_v do_v proper_o appertain_v to_o the_o repel_v of_o injury_n which_o licence_n they_o do_v at_o least_o in_o some_o measure_n restrain_v yet_o much_o more_o may_v we_o think_v their_o purpose_n be_v to_o prohibit_v revenge_n because_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o direct_a opposition_n to_o that_o permission_n which_o be_v ancient_o give_v they_o and_o so_o to_o imply_v a_o rejection_n of_o that_o licence_n as_o be_v agreeable_a only_o to_o moses_n more_o imperfect_a discipline_n not_o that_o a_o just_a revenge_n be_v evil_a 108._o non_fw-la quod_fw-la iniqua_fw-la est_fw-la justa_fw-la ultio_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la praestet_fw-la patientia_fw-la clem._n con._n stitut_o aug._n in_o ps_n 108._o but_o that_o christian_a patience_n be_v much_o better_o this_o revenge_n by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n st_n augustine_n call_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o unrighteous_a not_o that_o the_o vengeance_n which_o the_o law_n decree_n be_v unjust_a but_o that_o our_o thirst_n after_o revenge_n be_v sinful_a which_o better_o befit_v a_o judge_n to_o order_n than_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o exact_v for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n only_o concern_v which_o matter_n thus_o speak_v tertullian_n god_n by_o the_o prophet_n zachary_n command_v thus_o let_v no_o man_n be_v mindful_a of_o or_o remember_v a_o injury_n do_v he_o by_o his_o brother_n zach._n 7.10_o 7.10_o zach._n 7.10_o and_o not_o by_o his_o brother_n only_o but_o by_o his_o neighbour_n also_o as_o appear_v by_o another_o charge_n give_v by_o the_o same_o prophet_n zach._n 8.17_o 8.17_o zach._n 8.17_o let_v no_o man_n imagine_v evil_a against_o his_o neighbour_n no_o not_o in_o his_o heart_n whence_o tertullian_n infer_v multo_fw-la magis_fw-la patientiam_fw-la indixit_fw-la injuriae_fw-la qui_fw-la indixit_fw-la oblivionem_fw-la he_o that_o command_v we_o to_o forget_v injury_n do_v much_o more_o command_v we_o to_o bear_v they_o patient_o and_o he_o that_o cleanse_v the_o heart_n from_o think_v evil_a do_v much_o more_o restrain_v the_o hand_n from_o do_v evil_a and_o when_o he_o say_v vengeance_n be_v i_o i_o will_v repay_v it_o what_o do_v he_o but_o teach_v we_o that_o we_o shall_v wait_v with_o patience_n till_o god_n who_o prerogative_n it_o be_v to_o revenge_v will_v be_v please_v to_o take_v our_o cause_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o see_v that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v we_o so_o much_o as_o to_o remember_v injury_n or_o to_o imagine_v evil_a in_o our_o heart_n against_o our_o neighbour_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o do_v not_o require_v that_o we_o shall_v exact_v a_o eye_n instead_o of_o a_o eye_n or_o a_o tooth_n instead_o of_o a_o tooth_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n but_o rather_o by_o permit_v the_o second_o injury_n his_o main_a scope_n be_v to_o repress_v the_o first_o ut_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la recipiens_fw-la licentiam_fw-la secundae_fw-la injuriae_fw-la à _fw-la prima_fw-la semetipsum_fw-la contineret_fw-la that_o every_o man_n consider_v with_o himself_o that_o whatsoever_o he_o do_v unto_o other_o he_o must_v suffer_v the_o like_a from_o other_o may_v be_v the_o more_o fearful_a of_o do_v that_o wrong_n which_o he_o will_v not_o be_v content_a to_o suffer_v for_o the_o argument_n as_o to_o man_n be_v more_o forceable_a to_o restrain_v we_o from_o do_v violence_n by_o set_v before_o we_o the_o law_n of_o counter-passion_n than_o by_o assure_v we_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v avenge_v it_o and_o yet_o both_o these_o flame_a sword_n be_v set_v to_o restrain_v we_o from_o do_v wrong_n ut_fw-la qui_fw-la deo_fw-la crederet_fw-la ultionem_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la expectaret_fw-la qui_fw-la minus_fw-la fideret_fw-la leges_fw-la talionis_fw-la timeret_fw-la that_o he_o who_o believe_v that_o god_n be_v the_o avenger_n may_v fear_v to_o offend_v lest_o god_n shall_v avenge_v it_o and_o he_o who_o believe_v not_o may_v yet_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o law_n of_o man_n when_o he_o assure_o know_v that_o what_o wrong_v soever_o he_o do_v unto_o his_o neighbour_n he_o shall_v undoubted_o suffer_v either_o from_o he_o or_o other_o our_o saviour_n precept_n then_o of_o suffer_a injury_n patient_o and_o of_o forbear_v revenge_n be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o discipline_n of_o moses_n but_o rather_o strengthener_n and_o confirm_v it_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a patience_n that_o be_v require_v of_o we_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o there_o will_v be_v but_o little_a of_o equity_n in_o the_o precept_n if_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o he_o who_o be_v the_o righteous_a judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o who_o have_v engage_v himself_o by_o his_o word_n and_o promise_n that_o he_o himself_o will_v revenge_v our_o wrong_n for_o if_o he_o that_o impose_v on_o i_o this_o grievous_a burden_n of_o not_o only_o not_o return_v a_o blow_n that_o be_v give_v i_o but_o of_o offer_v my_o other_o cheek_n to_o the_o smiter_n and_o of_o not_o only_o not_o return_v reproach_n for_o reproach_n but_o of_o blessing_n those_o that_o curse_v i_o if_o i_o say_v he_o that_o restrain_v i_o thus_o from_o right_v myself_o do_v not_o right_v i_o in_o vain_a do_v he_o command_v i_o patience_n if_o he_o give_v i_o not_o the_o reward_n of_o that_o patience_n which_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o permit_v to_o i_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o himself_o and_o if_o he_o suffer_v not_o i_o to_o do_v it_o he_o himself_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o for_o disciplinae_fw-la interest_n injuriam_fw-la vindicari_fw-la it_o be_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o good_a discipline_n to_o help_v they_o to_o right_a that_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o metu_fw-la ultionis_fw-la omnis_fw-la refraenatur_fw-la iniquitas_fw-la the_o fear_n of_o a_o just_a revenge_n restrain_v all_o act_n of_o violence_n by_o this_o of_o tertullian_n we_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o unlawful_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o exact_v this_o law_n of_o retaliation_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o tolerate_v among_o the_o hebrew_n as_o a_o thing_n simple_o and_o in_o itself_o commendable_a but_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o a_o great_a evil_n thus_o also_o do_v st_n chrysostome_n expound_v that_o law_n of_o retaliation_n 4.13_o in_o eph._n 4.13_o therefore_o do_v christ_n urge_v that_o of_o moses_n a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n ut_fw-la illius_fw-la manus_fw-la cohibeat_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la tuas_fw-la excitet_fw-la contra_fw-la to_o restrain_v he_o that_o offer_v the_o wrong_n not_o to_o provoke_v thou_o to_o revenge_v who_o suffer_v it_o not_o only_o to_o preserve_v thy_o eye_n but_o to_o keep_v his_o also_o safe_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o exact_v this_o law_n out_o of_o hatred_n nor_o bare_o as_o a_o punishment_n for_o that_o which_o be_v past_a be_v without_o all_o question_n the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o hebrew_n do_v not_o apprehend_v it_o in_o that_o latitude_n for_o they_o respect_v not_o so_o much_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o and_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o jew_n of_o alexandria_n as_o philo_n tell_v the_o story_n who_o when_o they_o behold_v the_o calamity_n that_o befall_v flaccus_n who_o be_v their_o bitter_a enemy_n cry_v out_o non_fw-la delectamur_fw-la domine_fw-la ultione_fw-la de_fw-la inimico_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o delight_v not_o o_o lord_n in_o revenge_n though_o on_o our_o enemy_n for_o from_o thy_o sacred_a law_n we_o have_v learn_v to_o commiserate_v the_o man_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v that_o general_a precept_n of_o our_o saviour_n to_o forgive_v every_o man_n without_o distinction_n that_o have_v offend_v we_o that_o be_v neither_o to_o do_v nor_o to_o wish_v they_o any_o evil_n out_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o evil_n which_o they_o have_v do_v unto_o we_o 15._o matt._n 6.14_o 15._o for_o he_o that_o do_v so_o be_v cruel_a arrogate_a that_o unto_o himself_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o law_n wherefore_o lactantius_n recite_v those_o word_n of_o cicero_n be_v vir_fw-la bone_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la prodest_fw-la quibus_fw-la possit_fw-la noceat_fw-la nemini_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessitus_fw-la injuriâ_fw-la he_o be_v a_o good_a man_n that_o do_v good_a to_o whosoever_o he_o can_v but_o hurt_v none_o unless_o provoke_v by_o some_o injury_n thus_o descant_v upon_o they_o o_o what_o a_o plain_a and_o excellent_a sentence_n be_v here_o spoil_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o two_o word_n and_o st_n ambrose_n recite_v the_o same_o sentence_n of_o cicero_n say_v that_o that_o sentence_n want_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o confirm_v it_o which_o teach_v we_o that_o to_o return_v a_o injury_n have_v no_o less_o of_o evil_n than_o to_o infer_v one_o but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v of_o that_o revenge_n which_o respect_v not_o the_o time_n past_a
sin_n be_v the_o injustice_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o all_o sin_n but_o of_o those_o which_o have_v respect_n to_o something_o without_o the_o person_n sin_v now_o this_o injustice_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o the_o damage_n thereby_o do_v to_o another_o be_v great_a and_o therefore_o those_o be_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o be_v actual_o consummate_v and_o those_o the_o least_o which_o though_o they_o have_v make_v their_o progress_n through_o some_o act_n yet_o be_v not_o arrive_v to_o the_o utmost_a act_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o covet_v of_o our_o neighbour_n good_n be_v place_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o low_a form_n or_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o introduction_n to_o sin_n which_o the_o far_a it_o go_v the_o worse_a it_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o kind_n that_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a crime_n which_o disturb_v common_a order_n and_o thereby_o give_v offence_n to_o most_o man_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o particular_a person_n and_o of_o these_o the_o high_a be_v that_o which_o touch_v the_o life_n of_o man_n express_v by_o moses_n in_o this_o precept_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v the_o next_o be_v that_o injury_n do_v to_o a_o man_n family_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o be_v lay_v in_o matrimony_n contain_v in_o these_o word_n thou_o shall_v not_o commit_v adultery_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v such_o as_o be_v commit_v against_o a_o man_n private_a estate_n either_o direct_o as_o by_o steal_v or_o indirect_o as_o when_o by_o our_o false_a testimony_n we_o prejudice_v the_o right_n of_o other_o these_o may_v be_v yet_o more_o acute_o divide_v but_o it_o please_v almighty_a god_n in_o the_o decalogue_n to_o follow_v this_o order_n for_o under_o the_o name_n of_o parent_n which_o be_v natural_a magistrate_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o magistrate_n and_o other_o ruler_n and_o governor_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v by_o who_o authority_n humane_a society_n be_v maintain_v next_o unto_o this_o follow_v the_o interdiction_n of_o homicide_n the_o institution_n of_o matrimony_n and_o the_o prohibit_v of_o adultery_n then_o theft_n be_v forbid_v and_o false_a testimony_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n such_o sin_n as_o be_v inconsummate_v neither_o among_o those_o cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o sin_n be_v we_o to_o place_v that_o single_a damage_n only_o that_o be_v do_v direct_o against_o other_o but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v probable_o consequent_a to_o it_o as_o in_o fire_v a_o house_n make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o sea-bank_n or_o in_o a_o bulwark_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o many_o family_n be_v concern_v moreover_o that_o injustice_n which_o we_o put_v here_o as_o a_o general_a cause_n of_o restrain_v from_o sin_n be_v sometime_o aggravate_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o crime_n as_o our_o impiety_n to_o our_o parent_n our_o inhumanity_n to_o our_o kindred_n our_o ingratitude_n to_o our_o patron_n or_o benefactor_n again_o a_o sin_n be_v repute_v the_o great_a be_v the_o often_o commit_v forasmuch_o as_o a_o habit_n of_o evil_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o some_o particular_a act_n of_o evil_a once_o to_o err_v be_v pardonable_a but_o in_o iisdem_fw-la saepius_fw-la errare_fw-la emotae_fw-la est_fw-la mentis_fw-la to_o dash_v often_o against_o the_o same_o stone_n be_v folly_n nay_o madness_n the_o often_o we_o offend_v the_o great_a punishment_n we_o deserve_v and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v how_o far_o forth_o that_o be_v natural_o righteous_a which_o be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o persian_n who_o before_o they_o pass_v sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n custom_n the_o persian_a custom_n look_v back_o to_o his_o former_a life_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o present_a crime_n he_o stand_v convict_v of_o for_o they_o think_v it_o unjust_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o man_n for_o one_o evil_a act_n unless_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n have_v be_v otherwise_o sinful_a and_o indeed_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v be_v very_o true_a we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o any_o person_n by_o some_o particular_a act_n but_o by_o his_o continue_a habit_n none_n be_v to_o be_v account_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o they_o that_o have_v long_o persist_v in_o a_o constant_a course_n of_o wickedness_n nemo_n repent_v fit_a pessimus_fw-la no_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o height_n of_o impudence_n at_o the_o first_o for_o our_o innocency_n leave_v we_o not_o but_o by_o degree_n and_o boldness_n that_o it_o may_v learn_v not_o to_o startle_v at_o grosser_n villainy_n gather_v strength_n and_o courage_n by_o the_o frequent_a commit_v of_o lesser_a one_o and_o yet_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v concern_v the_o judge_n of_o man_n present_a crime_n by_o their_o former_a life_n aught_o to_o take_v place_n in_o such_o only_a who_o be_v otherwise_o not_o wicked_a have_v be_v on_o a_o sudden_a surprise_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o particular_a sin_n but_o not_o in_o those_o who_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o former_a life_n for_o of_o these_o god_n himself_o by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n proclaim_v 1._o chap._n 18._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o regard_n at_o all_o to_o their_o former_a deed_n whereunto_o that_o of_o thucydides_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v they_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v because_o they_o be_v apostate_n from_o goodness_n and_o degenerate_a from_o virtue_n to_o vice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n in_o their_o censure_n of_o other_o man_n fail_n that_o no_o judgement_n shall_v pass_v bare_o for_o the_o crime_n commit_v but_o with_o retrospection_n on_o their_o forepast_a life_n and_o on_o what_o follow_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o council_n of_o ancyra_n and_o other_o sacerdotio_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la sacerdotio_fw-la so_o st_n chrysostome_n punishment_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v inflict_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a measure_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o manner_n of_o he_o that_o commit_v they_o but_o a_o law_n be_v once_o enact_v against_o any_o one_o vice_n 7.13_o rom._n 7.13_o make_v a_o sin_n exceed_o sinful_a so_o st_n aug._n lex_fw-la prohibens_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la congeminat_fw-la ob._n de_fw-fr vera_fw-la relig._n ob._n the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v all_o offence_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o single_a sin_n when_o we_o commit_v not_o that_o only_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o evil_a bâ—t_a tbat_n also_o which_o be_v forbid_v we_o and_o by_o this_o argument_n st_n paul_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o the_o gentile_n because_o they_o have_v the_o law_n to_o direct_v they_o we_o must_v not_o therefore_o be_v rash_a in_o judge_v nor_o as_o cicero_n advise_v in_o grave_n and_o serious_a thing_n determine_v of_o the_o will_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n accuse_v bare_o by_o the_o fact_n but_o by_o his_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o live_v a_o good_a man_n may_v haply_o be_v ensnare_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o a_o sin_n or_o by_o the_o sudden_a gust_n of_o temptation_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v retain_v his_o integrity_n the_o heart_n of_o asa_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upright_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o seek_v unto_o the_o physician_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o lord_n xxxi_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v to_o both_o which_o be_v diverse_o respect_v now_o before_o we_o can_v right_o understand_v how_o to_o punish_v we_o must_v know_v the_o aptness_n and_o capacity_n of_o offender_n to_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o do_v either_o excite_v they_o to_o commit_v or_o restrain_v they_o from_o commit_v of_o sin_n now_o this_o aptness_n or_o capacity_n of_o they_o we_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o either_o their_o temperament_n of_o body_n age_n sex_n education_n or_o some_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o act_n for_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o child_n woman_n fool_n illiterate_a person_n and_o ill_o educate_v can_v so_o well_o distinguish_v between_o just_a and_o unjust_a lawful_a and_o unlawful_a as_o they_o that_o have_v more_o perspicacity_n and_o ingenuity_n and_o that_o they_o in_o who_o choler_n predominate_v be_v prone_a to_o anger_n and_o revenge_n as_o they_o also_o that_o be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v to_o dalliance_n so_o young_a man_n be_v propense_a to_o one_o passion_n old_a man_n to_o another_o insomuch_o that_o nature_n seem_v to_o plead_v somewhat_o in_o their_o excuse_n as_o to_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v as_o it_o be_v congeneal_a with_o they_o as_o
be_v well_o observe_v by_o andronicus_n rhodius_n and_o although_o it_o can_v exempt_v they_o altogether_o from_o punishment_n yet_o without_o doubt_n it_o render_v the_o fault_n the_o more_o tolerable_a so_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o imminent_a danger_n quick_o beget_v a_o fear_n and_o then_o we_o rash_o adventure_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a injury_n set_v our_o hot_a blood_n on_o boil_v and_o then_o immediate_o before_o reason_n can_v interpose_v we_o attempt_v a_o revenge_n these_o be_v the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o passion_n and_o not_o the_o deliberate_a act_n of_o the_o will_n which_o certain_o be_v in_o themselves_o more_o excusable_a than_o those_o which_o arise_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n assault_v we_o not_o so_o violent_o and_o therefore_o may_v either_o be_v defer_v or_o admit_v of_o some_o other_o matter_n wherein_o to_o delight_v without_o injury_n to_o any_o gal._n de_fw-fr providentia_fw-la in_o epist_n ad_fw-la gal._n so_o st_n chrysostome_n lust_n say_v he_o seek_v coition_n only_o but_o not_o with_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a person_n and_o so_o 10._o so_o nic._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o aristotle_n anger_n and_o cruelty_n be_v much_o more_o natural_a than_o covetousness_n or_o a_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o thing_n unnecessary_a for_o this_o be_v general_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o the_o judgement_n be_v hinder_v in_o its_o free_a choice_n or_o in_o the_o act_n of_o discern_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a and_o the_o more_o natural_a the_o cause_n be_v exciting_a to_o sin_n the_o less_o of_o evil_a the_o sin_n have_v and_o consequent_o the_o less_o it_o shall_v have_v of_o punishment_n difficilium_fw-la facilis_fw-la est_fw-la venia_fw-la the_o great_a difficulty_n there_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n command_v the_o easy_a be_v the_o pardon_n if_o not_o perform_v quantò_fw-la potestas_fw-la vitandi_fw-la fuit_fw-la tanto_fw-la contumaciae_fw-la crimine_fw-la oneratur_fw-la say_v tertullian_n the_o more_o power_n and_o the_o great_a help_n we_o have_v to_o avoid_v a_o sin_n the_o more_o contumacy_n we_o bewray_v in_o the_o commit_v it_o aristotle_n likewise_o in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v account_v that_o man_n less_o temperate_a who_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o weak_o provoke_v with_o carnal_a desire_n either_o seek_v after_o enormous_a pleasure_n or_o fly_v from_o some_o small_a inconvenience_n than_o he_o that_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o by_o some_o vehement_a passion_n for_o what_o will_v the_o same_o person_n do_v if_o he_o feel_v those_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o youth_n or_o that_o grief_n and_o vexation_n that_o poverty_n bring_v with_o it_o pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o antiphanes_n qui_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la opulens_fw-la nequiter_fw-la quicquam_fw-la facit_fw-la hunc_fw-la si_fw-la esset_fw-la pauper_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la facturum_fw-la putas_fw-la he_o that_o be_v opulent_a unjust_a will_v be_v what_o will_v he_o not_o if_o pinch_v by_o poverty_n and_o what_o we_o every_o where_n read_v in_o comedian_n concern_v the_o dote_a love_n of_o old_a man_n from_o these_o cause_n we_o ought_v to_o guess_v at_o the_o merit_n of_o man_n sin_n and_o to_o fit_v their_o punishment_n according_o xxxii_o counter-passion_n reject_v the_o pythagorean_n hold_v that_o justice_n require_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n a_o sufferance_n in_o the_o like_a kind_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n which_o be_v true_a but_o not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o he_o that_o hurt_v another_o deliberate_o and_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n give_v shall_v suffer_v just_a so_o much_o again_o and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a pattern_n for_o all_o other_o law_n reject_v this_o exposition_n for_o it_o require_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v any_o thing_n from_o another_o shall_v restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a and_o the_o attic_a law_n do_v require_v that_o a_o thief_n beside_o a_o double_a restitution_n whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n john_n rev._n 18.6_o refer_v shall_v remain_v in_o bond_n for_o certain_a day_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v and_o when_o the_o minyan_o have_v without_o any_o right_n timocr_n cont._n timocr_n extort_a tribute_n from_o the_o theban_n hercules_n compel_v they_o to_o restore_v it_o unto_o they_o double_a as_o apollodorus_n record_v it_o aristides_n also_o of_o the_o grecian_a law_n testify_v 2._o lib._n 2._o leuctr_n 2._o that_o the_o injure_a person_n be_v permit_v to_o recover_v more_o than_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o way_n of_o revenge_n whereof_o st._n ambrose_n give_v this_o reason_n qâ—o_fw-la furem_fw-la à _fw-la detrahendo_fw-la aut_fw-la poena_fw-la deterreant_fw-la aut_fw-la mulcta_fw-la revocent_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr offic_n 3._o c._n 3._o that_o so_o they_o may_v affright_v the_o thief_n from_o his_o pilfer_n by_o the_o punishment_n or_o discourage_v he_o by_o the_o mulct_n seneca_n speak_v of_o judgement_n to_o be_v inflict_v after_o this_o life_n say_v scelera_fw-la taxantur_fw-la modo_fw-la majore_fw-la nostra_fw-la our_o crime_n with_o great_a plague_n be_v there_o punish_v than_o those_o we_o suffer_v here_o strabo_n observe_v a_o law_n among_o the_o indian_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o if_o one_o man_n have_v maim_v or_o dismember_v another_o beside_o the_o common_a punishment_n of_o retaliation_n he_o be_v to_o lose_v his_o hand_n and_o in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v entitle_v aristotle_n moral_n we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v just_a 34._o lib._n 1._o c._n 34._o that_o he_o that_o willing_o put_v out_o another_o man_n eye_n shall_v suffer_v not_o only_o in_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o somewhat_o more_o for_o as_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n observe_v it_o be_v not_o equal_a that_o the_o nocent_a and_o the_o innocent_a shall_v suffer_v but_o alike_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o very_a attempt_n to_o commit_v some_o sin_n though_o not_o consummate_v and_o consequent_o have_v less_o of_o evil_n in_o they_o than_o those_o that_o be_v perpetrate_v yet_o be_v equal_o punish_v according_a to_o what_o they_o intend_v as_o we_o may_v read_v deut._n 19.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o false_a testimony_n so_o deut_n 22.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o husband_n accuse_v his_o wife_n of_o whoredom_n to_o defraud_v she_o of_o her_o dowry_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v exod._a 22.9_o as_o also_o among_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o carry_v a_o weapon_n about_o he_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v be_v punish_v as_o though_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o bare_a attempt_n be_v punishable_a with_o death_n sure_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v i_o answer_v that_o because_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o grievous_a than_o death_n and_o because_o a_o man_n can_v die_v but_o once_o therefore_o we_o must_v necessary_o aquiesce_v in_o this_o punishment_n because_o we_o can_v go_v no_o further_o unless_o we_o do_v sometime_o add_v thereunto_o some_o kind_n of_o torment_n to_o make_v death_n itself_o the_o more_o terrible_a xxxiii_o in_o punishment_n regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o person_n punish_v punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v bare_o but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o that_o suffer_v they_o the_o same_o mulct_n or_o fine_a that_o be_v grievous_a to_o a_o poor_a man_n be_v no_o punishment_n at_o all_o to_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o stock_n or_o pillory_n which_o by_o the_o vile_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v slight_v be_v worse_o than_o death_n itself_o to_o the_o noble_a the_o roman_a law_n do_v often_o make_v use_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o person_n and_o punishment_n and_o bodine_n upon_o this_o consideration_n do_v frame_v a_o kind_n of_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o indeed_o here_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a equality_n between_o the_o merit_n and_o the_o punishment_n such_o as_o be_v in_o number_n as_o also_o in_o all_o contract_n between_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o the_o money_n although_o the_o same_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a in_o some_o place_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o as_o also_o be_v money_n according_a to_o its_o either_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n but_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o ofttimes_o among_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o too_o great_a a_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o person_n and_o their_o quality_n nothing_o appertain_v to_o the_o fact_n which_o acception_n of_o person_n moses_n his_o law_n do_v exceed_o abhor_v and_o this_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o intrinsic_a valuation_n of_o a_o punishment_n xxxiv_o charity_n mitigate_v punishment_n but_o that_o which_o restrain_v we_o in_o punish_v within_o those_o bound_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v be_v the_o love_n of_o he_o who_o be_v punish_v
they_o be_v protect_v until_o their_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o by_o what_o law_n and_o this_o also_o be_v observable_a that_o suppliant_n may_v be_v defend_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o case_n be_v right_o know_v thus_o demophon_n tell_v the_o ambassador_n of_o eurysthius_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o some_o that_o flee_v unto_o he_o for_o protection_n si_fw-mi crimen_fw-la istis_fw-la aliquod_fw-la hospitibus_fw-la struis_fw-la jus_fw-la impetrabis_fw-la vi_fw-la quidem_fw-la hinc_fw-la non_fw-la abstrahe_n if_o with_o foul_a crime_n you_o can_v they_o charge_n you_o may_v what_o be_v right_a obtain_v but_o not_o they_o force_v away_o but_o if_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o stand_v accuse_v be_v such_o as_o be_v neither_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o suppliant_n come_v which_o aeschylus_n excellent_o prove_v in_o his_o tragedy_n of_o suppliant_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o argive_n bespeak_v a_o company_n of_o grecian_n that_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n thus_o manum_fw-la tibi_fw-la si_fw-la immittat_fw-la aegypti_n genus_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la patria_fw-la proximos_fw-la se_fw-la sanguine_fw-la dicant_fw-la quis_fw-la haec_fw-la objicere_fw-la se_fw-la contra_fw-la velit_fw-la quare_fw-la tuum_fw-la est_fw-la docere_fw-la natalis_fw-la soli_fw-la exit_fw-la lege_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la te_fw-la illis_fw-la subjici_fw-la vii_o how_o subject_n may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n how_o the_o fault_n of_o subject_n whether_o native_n or_o stranger_n may_v be_v transfer_v to_o their_o governor_n we_o have_v already_o see_v now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n subject_n also_o may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n in_o case_n they_o either_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n at_o his_o command_n or_o by_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v wicked_a but_o hereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v more_o proper_o anon_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n there_o may_v be_v also_o a_o communication_n of_o crime_n between_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o each_o particular_a member_n thereof_o because_o as_o st_n augustine_n observe_v vbi_fw-la universi_fw-la ibi_fw-la &_o singuli_fw-la universals_z can_v consist_v without_o individual_n so_o every_o single_a person_n be_v congregat_v and_o unite_a in_o one_o gross_a body_n do_v constitute_v a_o body_n universal_a but_o yet_o the_o fault_n commit_v by_o this_o body_n politic_a be_v proper_o transfer_v to_o those_o particular_a member_n only_o which_o do_v yield_v their_o consent_n unto_o those_o public_a act_n and_o not_o unto_o those_o who_o be_v over-voted_n by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o council_n and_o as_o the_o fault_n so_o the_o punishment_n of_o singular_a person_n orat._n lycurgus_n orat._n be_v distinct_a from_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n for_o as_o upon_o individual_a person_n the_o great_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v inflict_v be_v death_n so_o the_o death_n of_o a_o city_n be_v desolation_n 4._o sup._n cap._n 9_o sect_n 4._o which_o happen_v when_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v whole_o dissolve_v that_o be_v when_o all_o the_o law_n privilege_n and_o other_o advantage_n thereof_o do_v utter_o fail_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v every_o single_a person_n may_v of_o a_o citizen_n become_v a_o slave_n as_o the_o theban_n be_v to_o alexander_n of_o macedon_n alex._n plut._n alex._n those_o only_o except_v that_o contradict_v the_o decree_n of_o dissolve_v the_o society_n so_o also_o a_o city_n or_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o civil_a servitude_n by_o be_v make_v a_o province_n and_o every_o particular_a person_n may_v lose_v his_o propriety_n by_o confiscation_n and_o whatsoever_o that_o city_n or_o people_n hold_v in_o common_a as_o their_o wall_n their_o magazine_n their_o port_n man_n of_o war_n fleet_n elephant_n treasury_n yea_o and_o their_o common_a field_n all_o become_v the_o conqueror_n but_o for_o private_a man_n to_o lose_v their_o particular_a estate_n through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o universality_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o they_o be_v unjust_a as_o libanius_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v the_o antiochian_a sedition_n the_o same_o author_n approve_v the_o fact_n of_o theodosius_n for_o punish_v a_o common_a fault_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o public_a theatre_n bath_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o metropolis_n which_o st_n chrysostome_n also_o confirm_v in_o his_o seventeen_o oration_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n be_v the_o same_o antiochian_o of_o old_a punish_v by_o m._n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n etc._n etc._n viii_o whether_o a_o punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o notable_a question_n whether_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o any_o one_o city_n or_o state_n may_v at_o any_o time_n afterward_o be_v exact_v so_o long_o as_o that_o state_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n do_v subsist_v it_o may_v for_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a at_o all_o time_n may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v because_o the_o same_o body_n politic_a still_o remain_v though_o the_o individual_n succeed_v each_o to_o other_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o must_v note_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v primary_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o every_o corporation_n as_o to_o have_v a_o public_a treasury_n to_o have_v law_n and_o the_o like_a other_o appertain_v thereunto_o derivative_o only_a from_o those_o individual_a person_n that_o inhabit_v therein_o in_o which_o sense_n a_o nation_n or_o city_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a valiant_a prudent_a if_o most_o or_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v such_o and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o city_n for_o that_o which_o have_v no_o life_n can_v of_o itself_o contract_v any_o guilt_n but_o a_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o particular_a person_n who_o actual_o offend_v but_o they_o be_v dead_a by_o who_o the_o guilt_n be_v deduce_v to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n the_o guilt_n die_v also_o and_o consequent_o the_o obligation_n to_o the_o punishment_n which_o without_o merit_n can_v consist_v thus_o libanius_n in_o his_o forecited_n oration_n there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v for_o revenge_n where_o all_o be_v dead_a that_o give_v the_o offence_n wherefore_o alexander_n be_v high_o condemn_v by_o arrianus_n for_o his_o too_o much_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n in_o his_o revenge_n take_v upon_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o one_o person_n then_o live_v of_o those_o who_o have_v former_o offend_v the_o grecian_n and_o therefore_o julian_n ascribe_v that_o war_n to_o another_o cause_n there_o be_v never_o any_o war_n say_v he_o repute_v just_a laudatione_fw-la constantii_n laudatione_fw-la that_o be_v undertake_v for_o such_o a_o cause_n neither_o by_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o trojan_n nor_o by_o the_o macedonian_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o may_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o any_o child_n for_o they_o never_o visit_v crime_n ancient_o commit_v by_o parent_n on_o their_o nephew_n or_o child_n but_o invade_v those_o only_a who_o have_v by_o force_n oppress_v the_o posterity_n of_o such_o as_o have_v well_o deserve_v and_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o branchidae_n make_v by_o the_o same_o alexander_n curtius_n give_v his_o judgement_n thus_o if_o say_v he_o the_o same_o punishment_n have_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o traitor_n themselves_o it_o have_v be_v record_v as_o a_o act_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o not_o of_o his_o cruelty_n but_o the_o revenge_n fall_v upon_o the_o innocent_a whilst_o their_o posterity_n who_o never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v miletum_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o betray_v it_o to_o xerxes_n pay_v the_o price_n of_o their_o forefather_n sin_n the_o like_a judgement_n do_v arrianus_n pass_v upon_o alexander_n burn_v of_o persepolis_n in_o revenge_n for_o what_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n but_o say_v arrianus_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o wise_o do_v of_o alexander_n neither_o can_v that_o be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n upon_o those_o persian_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a long_o before_o for_o as_o to_o that_o answer_n which_o agathocles_n make_v to_o the_o just_a complaint_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ithaca_n namely_o that_o the_o sicilian_n have_v of_o old_a suffer_v much_o more_o by_o their_o countryman_n ulysses_n none_o that_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o will_v think_v it_o ridiculous_a and_o plutarch_n in_o his_o book_n against_o herodotus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o improbable_a that_o the_o corinthian_n shall_v revenge_v a_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o the_o
samian_o after_o three_o age_n they_o injury_n do_v shall_v not_o be_v revenge_v but_o on_o those_o that_o do_v they_o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o memory_n of_o injury_n do_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o outlive_v the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o neither_o will_v those_o argument_n bring_v by_o plutarch_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o revenge_n take_v by_o god_n upon_o posterity_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o justify_v the_o like_a in_o man_n because_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o right_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o there_o be_v between_o god_n and_o man_n neither_o will_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o child_n do_v receive_v honour_n and_o reward_n for_o the_o virtuous_a act_n of_o their_o forefather_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o fault_n because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o courtesy_n or_o benefit_n that_o it_o may_v be_v confer_v upon_o any_o man_n without_o injury_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n be_v not_o so_o ix_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n though_o not_o of_o the_o crime_n thus_o have_v show_v by_o what_o mean_v a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o be_v make_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o now_o we_o intend_v to_o show_v how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n though_o he_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o his_o sin_n and_o here_o to_o avoid_v mistake_n and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o confound_v thing_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n distinct_a because_o they_o be_v alike_o in_o name_n we_o must_v walk_v cautious_o as_o to_o some_o particular_n x._o that_o which_o come_v direct_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o damage_n that_o be_v purposely_o and_o direct_o do_v and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n that_o i_o account_v a_o wrong_n direct_o do_v when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o whereunto_o a_o man_n have_v a_o peculiar_a right_n and_o that_o i_o call_v a_o wrong_n do_v by_o consequence_n when_o a_o man_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v have_v that_o condition_n cease_v without_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o right_a or_o title_n a_o example_n whereof_o ulpian_n give_v we_o thus_o if_o by_o dig_v a_o well_o in_o my_o own_o ground_n i_o cut_v off_o or_o intercept_v the_o spring_n that_o feed_v my_o neighbour_n well_o the_o damage_n he_o sustain_v be_v not_o occasion_v direct_o by_o any_o illegal_a act_n of_o i_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a use_n of_o that_o wherein_o i_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a right_n as_o be_v my_o own_o and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o do_v of_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o make_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o have_v hitherto_o be_v permit_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v very_o preposterous_a say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o account_v ourselves_o rich_a before_o we_o have_v acquire_v those_o riches_n as_o when_o a_o father_n run_v into_o a_o praemunire_n by_o do_v that_o for_o which_o his_o estate_n be_v just_o confiscate_v his_o child_n may_v feel_v the_o loss_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o proper_o their_o punishment_n because_o the_o good_n can_v not_o proper_o be_v account_v they_o unless_o they_o have_v continue_v to_o have_v be_v their_o father_n to_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o alphenus_n when_o he_o say_v the_o child_n indeed_o do_v suffer_v through_o the_o default_n of_o their_o father_n but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o inherit_v that_o which_o shall_v otherwise_o have_v descend_v unto_o they_o be_v not_o proper_o the_o child_n punishment_n but_o their_o parent_n but_o those_o good_n which_o accrue_v unto_o they_o not_o from_o their_o parent_n but_o either_o from_o nature_n custom_n or_o education_n do_v notwithstanding_o their_o father_n fault_n remain_v perfect_o they_o cicero_n write_v that_o themistocles_n his_o child_n suffer_v want_v nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o unjust_a that_o lepidus_n his_o child_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a and_o this_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o observe_v in_o all_o city_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a roman_a law_n have_v somewhat_o moderate_v so_o when_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o major_a part_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o represent_v and_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o whole_a offend_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n lose_v their_o civil_a liberty_n i._n e._n their_o wall_n port_n and_o other_o commodity_n those_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v innocent_a do_v indeed_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o loss_n but_o yet_o in_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o appertain_v not_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a xi_o what_o befall_v we_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o crime_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o befall_v we_o because_o of_o the_o crime_n beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o sometime_o some_o evil_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o a_o man_n or_o some_o good_a take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o action_n as_o to_o the_o very_o right_o of_o do_v it_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o the_o debt_n of_o another_o suffer_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o engagement_n according_a to_o our_o proverb_n a_o surety_n be_v a_o sure_a tie_n for_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o a_o buyer_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o purchase_n but_o by_o his_o own_o free_a promise_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v for_o a_o delinquent_n may_v suffer_v est_fw-la sponde_v noxa_fw-la praesto_fw-la est_fw-la not_o for_o his_o delinquency_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o vadimony_n or_o susception_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o free_a power_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v so_o be_v do_v it_o shall_v no_o less_o oblige_v he_o than_o the_o offence_n do_v the_o delinquent_n now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o be_v the_o power_n and_o freedom_n that_o every_o man_n have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o suffering_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o heinousness_n of_o another_o fault_n but_o from_o the_o power_n he_o have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o be_v a_o surety_n for_o another_o who_o crime_n may_v happy_o deserve_v death_n because_o no_o man_n can_v just_o oblige_v himself_o beyond_o what_o be_v in_o his_o power_n but_o this_o power_n over_o a_o man_n life_n either_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o himself_o or_o to_o oblige_v another_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o he_o no_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o vademony_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o true_a opinion_n though_o it_o seem_v that_o not_o the_o ancient_a roman_n only_o but_o the_o grecian_n and_o hebrew_n also_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n who_o believe_v that_o even_o the_o surety_n also_o may_v just_o be_v adjudge_v to_o death_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a story_n of_o damon_n and_o pythias_n and_o by_o those_o word_n of_o reuben_n to_o his_o father_n jacob_n 3._o jos_n ant._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o slay_v my_o two_o son_n if_o i_o bring_v he_o not_o back_o unto_o thou_o 42.37_o thou_o gen._n 42.37_o whereunto_o st_n augustine_n 14._o augustine_n ep._n 54._o ad_fw-la macedonium_n see_v lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 14._o allude_v where_o he_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n be_v sometime_o a_o great_a sinner_n than_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o as_o when_o a_o malefactor_n leave_v his_o surety_n to_o suffer_v that_o lawful_a punishment_n which_o himself_o shall_v undergo_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o frequent_o with_o hostage_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o do_v this_o power_n of_o oblige_v a_o man_n self_n extend_v to_o mutilation_n for_o no_o man_n have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o bodily_a member_n as_o to_o cut_v they_o off_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o whatsoever_o any_o man_n have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n over_o he_o may_v engage_v for_o another_o and_o if_o he_o suffer_v thereby_o it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o what_o be_v promise_v shall_v be_v perform_v thus_o a_o man_n may_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n his_o liberty_n his_o good_n
so_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a word_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o set_v aside_o from_o that_o sense_n which_o man_n have_v agree_v to_o give_v they_o signify_v nothing_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o a_o inarticulate_a and_o confuse_a noise_n as_o pain_n and_o grief_n cause_v we_o to_o make_v which_o be_v more_o understand_v by_o the_o thing_n we_o suffer_v than_o by_o the_o noise_n we_o utter_v and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n above_o all_o other_o creature_n that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o express_v the_o manifold_a conception_n of_o his_o mind_n unto_o other_o to_o which_o end_n word_n and_o voice_n be_v invent_v we_o do_v not_o deny_v it_o yet_o this_o also_o may_v be_v add_v that_o such_o indication_n be_v not_o make_v by_o word_n only_o but_o by_o beck_n nod_n and_o other_o sign_n make_v by_o the_o eye_n head_n or_o hand_n as_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v dumb_a thus_o pliny_n testify_v of_o the_o aethiopian_n 30._o pliny_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 30._o quibusdam_fw-la pro_fw-la sermone_fw-la nutus_fw-la motusque_fw-la membrorum_fw-la est_fw-la that_o some_o of_o they_o instead_o of_o word_n express_v their_o mind_n by_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o other_o member_n whether_o those_o beck_n or_o other_o motion_n have_v natural_o something_a common_a with_o the_o thing_n signify_v or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a signification_n by_o agreement_n only_o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v those_o egyptian_a hieroglyphic_n which_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v signify_v not_o word_n but_o thing_n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v not_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n but_o the_o speech_n express_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o do_v oblige_v we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o what_o be_v by_o any_o writing_n declare_v shall_v be_v as_o bind_v as_o what_o be_v express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n where_o you_o must_v note_v that_o the_o word_n placuit_fw-la be_v very_o emphatical_a as_o show_v that_o that_o which_o give_v such_o force_n and_o validity_n to_o word_n be_v consent_n and_o agreement_n and_o here_o again_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n unto_o that_o distinction_n which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o take_v away_o all_o ambiguity_n concern_v this_o word_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o we_o then_o say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n signify_v either_o that_o which_o be_v admit_v of_o by_o every_o nation_n without_o mutual_a obligation_n or_o that_o which_o all_o nation_n do_v mutual_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o observe_v now_o voice_n nod_n and_o such_o like_a indication_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v admit_v to_o signify_v thing_n by_o mutual_a obligation_n which_o aristotle_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o agreement_n whereof_o some_o be_v so_o universal_o agree_v on_o to_o signify_v such_o and_o such_o thing_n that_o all_o nation_n be_v oblige_v so_o to_o understand_v they_o which_o can_v be_v so_o general_o understand_v of_o thing_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v or_o use_v other_o act_n or_o thing_n though_o i_o do_v foresee_v that_o another_o man_n will_v conceive_v a_o false_a opinion_n of_o they_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v intrinsic_a and_o not_o of_o that_o which_o be_v accidental_a and_o therefore_o we_o must_v give_v a_o instance_n first_o of_o such_o a_o case_n wherein_o no_o detriment_n at_o all_o ensue_v such_o be_v that_o of_o michal_n when_o she_o deceive_v her_o father_n with_o a_o image_n lay_v in_o stead_n of_o david_n 24.28_o 1_o sam._n 19.16_o luke_n 24.28_o thus_o our_o bless_a saviour_n seem_v to_o his_o two_o disciple_n as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v travel_v beyond_o emaus_n and_o perhaps_o he_o intend_v so_o to_o do_v unless_o they_o do_v importune_v he_o to_o abide_v with_o they_o as_o god_n himself_o be_v say_v to_o will_v many_o thing_n suppositive_o which_o notwithstanding_o come_v not_o to_o pass_v the_o condition_n be_v not_o fulfil_v 6.28_o mark_v 6.28_o and_o christ_n himself_o make_v as_o though_o he_o will_v have_v pass_v by_o his_o apostle_n as_o they_o be_v sail_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v unless_o they_o shall_v earnest_o desire_v he_o to_o come_v up_o into_o their_o ship_n another_o example_n may_v be_v give_v in_o st_n paul_n who_o doubtless_o when_o he_o circumcise_v timothy_n 16.3_o act_n 16.3_o know_v very_o well_o what_o construction_n the_o jew_n will_v make_v of_o it_o namely_o that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o circumcision_n though_o abolish_v by_o christ_n do_v still_o even_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n oblige_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n whereas_o st_n paul_n dispense_n with_o this_o error_n propose_v to_o himself_o another_o end_n namely_o that_o through_o that_o mistake_n he_o and_o timothy_n may_v gain_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o more_o free_a and_o friendly_a conversation_n with_o they_o for_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v abolish_v neither_o do_v circumcision_n by_o its_o first_o institution_n any_o long_o signify_v a_o necessity_n of_o keep_v that_o law_n neither_o be_v the_o evil_a of_o that_o error_n which_o from_o thence_o arise_v and_o for_o a_o while_n continue_v though_o afterward_o to_o be_v explode_v so_o great_a as_o be_v that_o good_a which_o paul_n and_o timothy_n then_o aim_v at_o which_o be_v a_o more_o facile_a insinuation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n the_o greek_a father_n do_v usual_o express_v this_o kind_n of_o simulation_n by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o dispensation_n so_o chrysostome_n 4.6_o in_o 1_o cor._n 4.6_o this_o be_v no_o deceit_n nor_o hypocrisy_n but_o a_o compliance_n or_o dispensation_n and_o again_o upon_o that_o of_o st_n paul_n to_o the_o jew_n i_o become_v a_o jew_n etc._n etc._n he_o say_v that_o st._n paul_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v convert_v those_o that_o be_v real_o superstitious_a at_o first_o appear_v unto_o they_o to_o be_v so_o too_o make_v a_o outward_a show_n as_o though_o he_o have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o what_o he_o be_v he_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o they_o do_v but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o intention_n as_o they_o do_v and_o this_o be_v his_o meaning_n when_o he_o say_v i_o become_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n that_o i_o may_v save_v some_o 21.12_o 1_o sam._n 21.12_o hither_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o personate_a madness_n of_o king_n david_n in_o the_o court_n of_o achish_n there_o be_v be_v a_o notable_a say_v extant_a of_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n who_o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o a_o good_a man_n say_v that_o some_o thing_n he_o will_v do_v for_o his_o neighbour_n sake_n which_o otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o do_v such_o be_v that_o act_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o when_o their_o city_n be_v besiege_v throw_v great_a quantity_n of_o bread_n from_o the_o capitol_n into_o their_o enemy_n camp_n when_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o little_a to_o spare_v to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o enemy_n despair_v to_o take_v the_o city_n by_o famine_n may_v give_v over_o the_o siege_n another_o example_n of_o such_o a_o simulation_n wherein_o the_o hurt_n or_o detriment_n that_o follow_v set_v aside_o the_o fraud_n be_v lawful_a we_o have_v in_o that_o feign_a flight_n of_o joshua_n before_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ay_o josh_n 8._o 8._o josh_n 8._o which_o be_v very_o frequent_o practise_v by_o other_o general_n for_o such_o a_o seem_a flight_n be_v questionless_a lawful_a as_o signify_v nothing_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o according_a to_o the_o construction_n that_o the_o enemy_n will_v make_v of_o it_o wherein_z if_o they_o be_v deceive_v they_o deceive_v themselves_o and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o our_o enemy_n arm_n colour_n garment_n sail_n and_o the_o like_a whereof_o we_o shall_v read_v in_o all_o history_n for_o all_o these_o thing_n every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o though_o contrary_a to_o usual_a custom_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n because_o that_o very_a custom_n of_o use_v or_o wear_v such_o or_o such_o a_o colour_n or_o fashion_n be_v in_o every_o man_n particular_a choice_n and_o be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o this_o or_o that_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n and_o therefore_o oblige_v none_o ix_o whether_o to_o lie_v be_v lawful_a to_o a_o enemy_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o arduous_a controversy_n concern_v those_o note_n or_o sign_n which_o man_n frequent_o use_v in_o their_o commerce_n one_o with_o another_o of_o which_o sort_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o usual_a fraud_n be_v lie_v much_o may_v be_v find_v in_o holy_a writ_n against_o it_o as_o prov._n 13.5_o a_o good_a man_n hate_v lie_v so_o prov._n 30.8_o remove_v from_o i_o all_o falsehood_n and_o lie_n so_o the_o psalmist_n thou_o shall_v
a_o foe_n where_o ever_o find_v destroy_v may_v be_v and_o that_o of_o marcianus_n renegado_n where_o ever_o they_o be_v meet_v may_v be_v kill_v as_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n or_o in_o the_o enemy_n in_o a_o desert_n that_o belong_v to_o none_o or_o on_o the_o sea_n where_o ever_o it_o be_v if_o find_v they_o may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v but_o yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o or_o to_o spoil_v they_o in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v in_o peace_n this_o arise_v not_o from_o any_o right_n that_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o person_n but_o from_o the_o right_n of_o that_o prince_n under_o who_o power_n and_o protection_n they_o be_v for_o all_o civil_a society_n have_v a_o right_a to_o ordain_v that_o no_o force_n or_o violence_n be_v offer_v against_o any_o in_o their_o dominion_n unless_o the_o difference_n be_v first_o examine_v in_o a_o judicial_a way_n as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v out_o of_o euripides_n si_fw-la crimen_fw-la istis_fw-la aliquod_fw-la hospitibus_fw-la struis_fw-la jus_fw-la impetrabis_fw-la vi_fw-la quidem_fw-la hinc_fw-la non_fw-la abstrahe_n if_o charge_n thou_o can_v these_o guest_n with_o great_a offence_n thou_o may_v have_v right_o but_o shall_v not_o force_v they_o hence_o where_o law_n flourish_v and_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v open_a there_o every_o man_n be_v punish_v according_a to_o his_o desert_n and_o then_o this_o promiscuous_a licence_n of_o injure_v each_o other_o cease_v which_o be_v only_o grant_v among_o enemy_n in_o time_n of_o war_n only_o whilst_o the_o war_n rage_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n it_o happen_v that_o seven_o of_o the_o carthaginian_a galley_n ride_v in_o a_o port_n belong_v to_o syphax_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v in_o league_n with_o both_o nation_n at_o which_o time_n scipio_n with_o two_o of_o the_o roman_a galley_n be_v by_o storm_n drive_v into_o the_o same_o harbour_n before_o the_o carthaginian_n can_v weigh_v anchor_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o carthaginian_n to_o have_v take_v or_o sink_v they_o before_o they_o have_v enter_v the_o port_n but_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o king_n chamber_n they_o dare_v not_o assault_v they_o lest_o thereby_o they_o shall_v have_v violate_v the_o league_n with_o syphax_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o the_o venetian_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o grecian_n to_o injure_v the_o turk_n in_o any_o port_n belong_v unto_o they_o ix_o this_o right_n extend_v to_o woman_n and_o infant_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n how_o far_o this_o licence_n of_o murder_n spoil_v and_o rapine_n extend_v itself_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n will_v appear_v in_o that_o woman_n and_o infant_n be_v subject_a thereunto_o i_o shall_v not_o hitherto_o refer_v the_o slaughter_n that_o the_o israelite_n make_v of_o the_o woman_n and_o child_n at_o heshbon_n deut._n 11.34_o nor_o that_o which_o they_o be_v command_v to_o do_v against_o the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o associate_n the_o amalakite_n whereof_o josephus_n speak_v of_o the_o act_n of_o saul_n write_v thus_o he_o proceed_v even_o to_o the_o slaughter_n of_o woman_n and_o child_n account_v nothing_o therein_o too_o cruel_a or_o inhuman_a first_o because_o they_o be_v enemy_n and_o second_o because_o it_o be_v do_v at_o the_o special_a command_n of_o god_n who_o right_a over_o man_n be_v far_o great_a and_o more_o unquestionable_a than_o that_o which_o man_n claim_v to_o have_v over_o beast_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v no_o rather_o that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o testify_v the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o the_o psalmist_n 136._o psal_n 136._o bless_a be_v he_o that_o take_v thy_o child_n and_o cast_v they_o against_o the_o stone_n agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o homer_n illisa_fw-la corpora_fw-la terrae_fw-la infantum_fw-la saevus_fw-la dum_fw-la concutit_fw-la omne_fw-la mavors_n when_o dreadful_a war_n whole_a nation_n do_v lay_v waist_n then_o infant_n body_n '_o against_o the_o earth_n be_v dash_v and_o that_o also_o which_o severus_n out_o of_o the_o same_o homer_n apply_v to_o the_o britain_n nec_fw-la qui_fw-la latet_fw-la abditus_fw-la intra_fw-la viscera_n matris_fw-la adhuc_fw-la fugiet_fw-la crudelia_fw-la fata_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o babe_n unborn_a escape_v war_n rage_n be_v from_o their_o mother_n tear_v the_o thracian_n of_o old_a have_v take_v the_o city_n mycalessus_n put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n both_o woman_n and_o child_n as_o thucydides_n relate_v so_o do_v the_o macedonian_n when_o they_o take_v thebes_n as_o arianus_n tell_v we_o thus_o do_v the_o roman_n also_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o city_n ilurgis_n in_o spain_n destroy_v all_o without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n as_o appianus_n testify_v the_o like_a do_v scipio_n when_o he_o take_v numantia_n the_o emperor_n julian_n have_v take_v by_o storm_n the_o city_n majozamaltha_n destroy_v all_o make_v no_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n quicquid_fw-la impetus_fw-la reperit_fw-la potestas_fw-la iratorum_fw-la absumpsit_fw-la whatsoever_o force_n find_v be_v sacrifice_v by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o enrage_a germanicus_n caesar_n be_v say_v in_o tacitus_n to_o depopulate_v all_o the_o village_n of_o the_o marsi_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n so_o that_o neither_o sex_n nor_o age_n can_v find_v pity_n and_o the_o emperor_n titus_n when_o he_o conquer_v the_o jew_n expose_v their_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o beast_n in_o their_o public_a show_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o of_o these_o two_o prince_n esteem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a nature_n but_o be_v only_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n no_o marvel_v then_o if_o old_a man_n do_v sometime_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o priamus_n do_v who_o be_v kill_v by_o pyrrhus_n x._o and_o to_o captive_n neither_o be_v captive_n exempt_v from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o conqueror_n when_o elisha_n the_o prophet_n have_v lead_v the_o syrian_n blindfold_a to_o the_o gate_n of_o samaria_n as_o josephus_n relate_v the_o story_n king_n joram_n demand_v of_o the_o prophet_n whether_o he_o shall_v kill_v they_o but_o the_o prophet_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v solus_fw-la enim_fw-la bello_fw-la superatos_fw-la host_n occidi_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la for_o those_o enemy_n only_o may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v that_o be_v take_v in_o war._n pyrrhus_n in_o seneca_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n then_o in_o use_n plead_v thus_o troad_n troad_n lex_fw-la nulla_fw-la capto_fw-la parcit_fw-la aut_fw-la poenam_fw-la impedit_fw-la no_o law_n from_o punishment_n do_v slave_n protect_v neither_o do_v this_o licence_n extend_v to_o man_n only_o but_o even_o to_o woman_n if_o take_v in_o war_n according_a to_o that_o of_o scylla_n concern_v a_o woman_n take_v prisoner_n at_o belli_n saltem_fw-la captivam_fw-la lege_fw-la necâsses_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n thy_o slave_n thou_o may_v have_v kill_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n before_o quote_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o polyxena_n who_o be_v take_v captive_a may_v have_v be_v slay_v yet_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o horace_n to_o be_v prefer_v vendere_fw-la cum_fw-la possis_fw-la captivum_fw-la occidere_fw-la noli_fw-la kill_v not_o thy_o slave_n in_o case_n thou_o can_v he_o sell_v wherein_o he_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o kill_v he_o he_o may_v though_o to_o sell_v he_o be_v better_a hence_o it_o be_v 1._o terence_n adelph_n act._n 2._o scen._n 1._o that_o they_o be_v call_v servant_n because_o they_o be_v save_v alive_a whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n they_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v thus_o be_v all_o the_o captive_n take_v in_o epidamnum_n put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o corcyraean_n as_o thucydides_n relate_v and_o seventy_o thousand_o slavonian_n we_o read_v of_o that_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n and_o of_o five_o thousand_o captive_n that_o be_v at_o once_o put_v to_o death_n by_o hannibal_n 47._o dion_n 47._o and_o hirtius_n in_o his_o african_a war_n bring_v in_o a_o caesarean_a captain_n give_v thanks_o unto_o scipio_n for_o spare_v his_o life_n in_o these_o word_n tibi_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o quod_fw-la mihi_fw-la vitam_fw-la incolumitatemque_fw-la belli_fw-la jure_fw-la capto_fw-la polliceris_fw-la i_o thank_v thou_o noble_a scipio_n for_o that_o be_v thy_o slave_n thou_o be_v please_v to_o engage_v thy_o word_n for_o my_o life_n and_o safety_n neither_o be_v this_o licence_n of_o kill_v our_o captive_n confine_v to_o any_o space_n of_o time_n although_o by_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v restrain_v in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o some_o less_o xi_o yea_o and_o to_o suppliant_n no_o nor_o suppliants_z as_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o many_o
expose_v themselves_o to_o labour_n and_o danger_n for_o nothing_o 15._o de_fw-fr benefic_n 4._o c._n 15._o for_o this_o reason_n say_v seneca_n we_o usual_o reward_v physician_n though_o they_o cure_v we_o not_o quod_fw-la à _fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la avocati_fw-la nobis_fw-la vacant_a because_o we_o call_v they_o from_o their_o own_o affair_n to_o serve_v we_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o serve_v for_o lawyer_n as_o quintilian_n note_n because_o they_o tear_v out_o their_o time_n and_o employ_v their_o whole_a study_n to_o defend_v other_o man_n estate_n thereby_o neglect_v all_o other_o mean_v to_o improve_v their_o own_o the_o very_a same_o be_v give_v by_o tacitus_n 9_o ann._n l._n 9_o omittit_fw-la res_fw-la familiares_fw-la ut_fw-la quis_fw-la se_fw-la alienis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la intendat_fw-la that_o he_o cast_v off_o all_o care_n of_o his_o own_o domestic_a affair_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o intend_v the_o good_a of_o other_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o credible_a unless_o there_o shall_v appear_v some_o other_o cause_n as_o namely_o mere_a kindness_n or_o some_o former_a contract_n that_o it_o be_v the_o bare_a hope_n of_o gain_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o expect_v as_o a_o compensation_n for_o their_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o of_o their_o labour_n marcell_n vid._n plut._n marcell_n that_o make_v they_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o so_o great_a danger_n xxiv_o and_o often_o to_o subject_n but_o as_o to_o subject_n the_o reason_n be_v not_o so_o evident_a because_o subject_n and_o citizen_n owe_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o country_n or_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v but_o yet_o see_v that_o all_o citizen_n either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o expose_v themselves_o to_o those_o hazard_n and_o hardship_n that_o attend_v war_n therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o retribution_n be_v make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n unto_o such_o as_o shall_v sustain_v the_o toil_n or_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o but_o much_o more_o the_o damage_n that_o shall_v be_v thereby_o occasion_v in_o full_a recompense_n whereof_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o whole_a prey_n or_o of_o a_o uncertain_a part_n thereof_o be_v by_o the_o people_n easy_o and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n grant_v unto_o they_o so_o think_v the_o poet_n propert._n propert._n praeda_fw-la sit_fw-la haec_fw-la illis_fw-la quorum_fw-la meruere_fw-la labores_fw-la they_o be_v the_o prey_n who_o pain_n deserve_v it_o have_v as_o to_o our_o associate_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o latin_n wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v 24._o liv._o l._n 4._o c._n 24._o that_o in_o all_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o roman_n shall_v engage_v they_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v equal_o divide_v between_o they_o so_o in_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o aetolian_n engage_v the_o roman_n it_o be_v agree_v 6._o diony_n l._n 6._o polyb._n l._n 6._o that_o the_o city_n and_o territory_n shall_v be_v the_o aetolian_n but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o all_o movable_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o ancient_a latin_n the_o roman_n give_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n as_o pliny_n testify_v and_o proportionable_a to_o the_o succour_n send_v the_o free_a town_n of_o the_o swisser_n receive_v their_o share_n of_o the_o spoil_n as_o simler_n relate_v 8._o paruta_n l._n 8._o in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n the_o pope_n the_o emperor_n and_o the_o venetian_n divide_v the_o spoil_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a charge_n that_o they_o have_v be_v at_o in_o make_v the_o war._n and_o pomponius_n gratify_v deiotarus_n king_n of_o galatia_n with_o the_o lesser_a armenia_n because_o he_o have_v be_v his_o companion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o mithridates_n st_n ambrose_n upon_o the_o story_n of_o abraham_n abra_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr abra_n demonstrate_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o custom_n abraham_n say_v he_o perhaps_o think_v it_o but_o just_a that_o they_o that_o come_v up_o to_o his_o assistance_n in_o that_o war_n shall_v likewise_o partake_v with_o he_o of_o the_o spoil_n as_o be_v the_o reward_n of_o their_o labour_n but_o as_o to_o subject_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n 31.27_o numb_a 31.27_o where_o god_n command_v moses_n to_o divide_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o midianite_n into_o two_o part_n that_o be_v between_o they_o that_o undertake_v the_o war_n and_o go_v out_o to_o battle_n and_o between_o all_o the_o congregation_n and_o in_o ver_fw-la 47._o he_o subdivide_v that_o part_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o congregation_n and_o give_v the_o fifty_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o levite_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n thus_o david_n divide_v the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o amalekite_v equal_o between_o they_o that_o go_v down_o to_o battle_n and_o they_o that_o guard_v the_o stuff_n sometime_o the_o jew_n will_v divide_v the_o spoil_n 30.24_o 1_o sam._n 30.24_o and_o grant_v half_a to_o the_o soldier_n and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n they_o admit_v the_o maim_a the_o widow_n and_o the_o orphan_n to_o have_v share_n with_o they_o so_o we_o read_v of_o alexander_n soldier_n 28.30_o 2_o mac._n 28.30_o that_o they_o always_o challenge_v the_o spoil_n take_v from_o private_a man_n unto_o themselves_o only_o the_o most_o precious_a thing_n they_o reserve_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n wherefore_o we_o find_v they_o accuse_v for_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n who_o have_v conspire_v to_o assume_v all_o the_o prey_n take_v at_o arbela_n to_o themselves_o so_o as_o to_o bring_v nothing_o to_o the_o treasury_n but_o yet_o those_o public_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o the_o king_n against_o who_o they_o fight_v be_v exempt_v from_o this_o licence_n thus_o it_o be_v with_o the_o macedonian_n when_o they_o break_v into_o darius_n camp_n they_o carry_v away_o a_o infinite_a mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v no_o place_n unrifle_v but_o the_o king_n pavilion_n only_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n receive_v among_o they_o as_o curtius_n note_v as_o well_o as_o among_o most_o nation_n to_o receive_v the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o conquer_a the_o custom_n of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o this_o of_o the_o macedonian_n 12.30_o 2_o sam._n 12.30_o for_o they_o always_o set_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o vanquish_a king_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o conqueror_n assign_v all_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n or_o pavilion_n unto_o he_o as_o his_o share_n of_o the_o spoil_n and_o among_o the_o act_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a we_o find_v that_o have_v conquer_v the_o hungarian_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v from_o private_a man_n he_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n but_o what_o be_v the_o vanquish_a king_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n the_o grecian_n distinguish_v they_o by_o their_o several_a name_n call_v the_o public_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o private_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o also_o they_o do_v those_o take_v in_o the_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o those_o take_v after_o battle_n be_v public_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o distinction_n be_v afterward_o approve_v of_o by_o other_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o the_o roman_n during_o their_o ancient_a commonwealth_n do_v not_o allow_v to_o their_o soldier_n so_o much_o yet_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v more_o indulgent_a to_o they_o in_o their_o civil_a war_n thus_o you_o may_v read_v aequilanum_n give_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o pillage_n by_o silvius_n and_o caesar_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n give_v pompey_n camp_n to_o be_v pillage_v by_o the_o soldier_n with_o this_o compliment_n superest_fw-la pro_fw-la sanguine_fw-la merces_fw-la quam_fw-la monstrare_fw-la meum_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la donare_fw-la vocabo_fw-la quod_fw-la sibi_fw-la cuique_fw-la dabit_fw-la for_o loss_n of_o blood_n a_o recompense_n i_o will_v make_v not_o what_o i_o will_v give_v but_o what_o each_o man_n shall_v take_v and_o in_o another_o civil_a war_n the_o flavian_o be_v lead_v against_o cremona_n 1._o app._n civil_a 1._o make_v all_o the_o haste_n they_o can_v the_o night_n approach_v to_o storm_v the_o city_n lest_o the_o pillage_n thereof_o shall_v fall_v unto_o their_o commander_n and_o legate_n have_v it_o seem_v be_v sufficient_o instruct_v by_o tacitus_n 3._o tacit._n hist_o 3._o expugnatae_fw-la vrbis_fw-la praedam_fw-la ad_fw-la militem_fw-la deditae_fw-la ad_fw-la ducem_fw-la pertinere_fw-la that_o the_o plunder_n of_o a_o town_n if_o storm_v belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n but_o if_o surrender_a unto_o the_o general_n corona_n ne_fw-fr manente_fw-la periculo_fw-la omissis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la praeda_fw-la manus_fw-la impediret_fw-la quòd_fw-la plurimas_fw-la saepe_fw-la victorias_fw-la corrupit_fw-la sub_fw-la corona_n but_o
from_o war_n where_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o under_o this_o general_a name_n of_o merchant_n be_v comprehend_v all_o kind_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artificer_n who_o for_o their_o gain_n do_v usual_o prefer_v peace_n before_o war._n xiii_o and_o captive_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o such_o as_o have_v bear_v arm_n that_o of_o pyrrhus_n in_o seneca_n we_o have_v already_o quote_v namely_o that_o though_o the_o law_n permit_v we_o to_o do_v what_o we_o please_v to_o captive_n yet_o equity_n and_o conscience_n forbid_v we_o to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n of_o the_o like_a opinion_n be_v alexander_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v place_n captive_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o woman_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st_n augustine_n to_o boniface_n 1._o epist_n 1._o hostem_fw-la pugnantem_fw-la necessitas_fw-la perimat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la it_o be_v not_o cruelty_n but_o necessity_n that_o make_v we_o destroy_v a_o fight_a enemy_n as_o force_v and_o violence_n be_v proper_o use_v against_o those_o that_o be_v arm_v against_o we_o so_o to_o those_o who_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n have_v leave_v naked_a and_o unarmed_a mercy_n and_o compassion_n be_v peculiar_o due_a especial_o to_o those_o who_o can_v no_o way_n endanger_v the_o public_a peace_n xenophon_n write_v of_o agesilaus_n that_o he_o give_v command_v to_o his_o soldier_n not_o to_o destroy_v their_o prisoner_n as_o malefactor_n but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v they_o for_o humanity_n sake_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o the_o greek_n that_o they_o always_o fight_v valiant_o where_o they_o find_v resistance_n but_o to_o those_o that_o be_v subject_v they_o be_v very_o merciful_a sallust_n in_o his_o jugurthine_n history_n speak_v of_o some_o young_a man_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o be_v put_v to_o death_n say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o civilise_a nation_n 5._o lib._n 5._o lactantius_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o say_v parcitur_fw-la victis_fw-la &_o est_fw-la locus_fw-la inter_fw-la arma_fw-la clementiae_fw-la we_o spare_v those_o who_o we_o have_v conquer_v and_o there_o be_v clemency_n to_o be_v use_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o even_o in_o arm_n tacitus_n commend_v primus_fw-la antonius_n and_o varus_n two_o flavian_n commander_n for_o that_o they_o never_o commit_v any_o act_n of_o cruelty_n beyond_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v secunda_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la secunda_fw-la so_o likewise_o aristides_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o age_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o subdue_v those_o that_o resist_v we_o but_o to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o those_o that_o submit_v unto_o we_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n the_o prophet_n elisha_n put_v this_o question_n to_o the_o king_n of_o samaeria_n 6.22_o 2_o king_n 6.22_o will_v thou_o kill_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v take_v captive_a with_o thy_o sword_n and_o with_o thy_o bow_n when_o one_o in_o euripides_n demand_v whether_o the_o grecian_a law_n do_v forbid_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n he_o as_o ready_o answer_v quem_fw-la mars_n reliquit_fw-la praelio_fw-la superstitem_fw-la that_o they_o do_v if_o that_o enemy_n survive_v the_o fight_n and_o therefore_o euristeus_n be_v take_v prisoner_n comfort_v himself_o in_o this_o he_o that_o kill_v i_o guiltless_a shall_v never_o be_v plutarch_n compare_v marcellus_n with_o pelopidas_n seem_v to_o condemn_v marcellus_n for_o his_o cruelty_n in_o shed_v blood_n unnecessary_o after_o the_o victory_n whereas_o neither_o pelopidas_n nor_o epaminondas_n do_v ever_o put_v any_o to_o the_o sword_n who_o they_o have_v overcome_v neither_o do_v they_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o city_n that_o they_o take_v neither_o will_v the_o theban_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o orchomenian_n have_v either_o of_o these_o commander_n be_v present_a beside_o when_o scipio_n will_v have_v put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o utica_n to_o the_o sword_n vticensi_fw-la plut._n in_o caâ—_n vticensi_fw-la without_o regard_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n because_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o caesar_n cato_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o but_o protest_v against_o it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o inhumanity_n and_o call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v in_o open_a council_n with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o save_v they_o from_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n procopius_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o persian_a war_n which_o he_o also_o repeat_v in_o his_o second_o say_v that_o to_o use_v cruelty_n to_o the_o conquer_a be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o piety_n so_o that_o when_o cabadas_n king_n of_o persia_n after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o city_n aâ—mada_n by_o storm_n have_v make_v great_a slaughter_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o certain_a old_a priest_n tell_v he_o that_o to_o kill_v so_o many_o captive_n be_v not_o king_n y._n ib._n goth._n l._n 1._o c._n ib._n and_o the_o same_o procopius_n elsewhere_o record_v a_o excellent_a speech_n of_o belisarius_n to_o his_o soldier_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o naples_n dissuade_v they_o from_o the_o unnecessary_a effu_fw-fr on_o of_o blood_n do_v not_o say_v he_o extend_v your_o hatred_n of_o your_o enemy_n beyond_o measure_n no_o conqueror_n continue_v to_o hate_v the_o conquer_a if_o you_o kill_v they_o now_o you_o do_v not_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o your_o foe_n but_o of_o your_o subject_n do_v not_o therefore_o prosecute_v your_o revenge_n too_o far_o but_o consider_v that_o have_v subdue_v they_o to_o become_v now_o slave_n to_o your_o own_o passion_n be_v ignoble_a comnâ—nat_n ann._n comnâ—nat_n when_o alexius_n the_o emperor_n be_v persuade_v by_o one_o of_o his_o council_n to_o kill_v his_o scythian_a captive_n he_o make_v this_o noble_a answer_n though_o they_o be_v scythian_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n though_o they_o be_v enemy_n yet_o do_v they_o deserve_v pity_n it_o be_v the_o chance_n of_o war_n only_o that_o put_v the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a observation_n that_o we_o read_v in_o gregoras_n 4._o lib._n 4._o whatsoever_o be_v do_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o fight_n be_v pardonable_a because_o the_o faculty_n of_o discourse_n and_o ratiocination_n be_v as_o it_o be_v block_v up_o so_o that_o the_o hand_n be_v as_o it_o be_v drink_v with_o anger_n and_o revenge_n and_o want_v the_o guidance_n and_o manuduction_n of_o reason_n do_v even_o they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o when_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o courage_n our_o danger_n be_v over_o end_n see_v chap._n 7._o towards_o the_o end_n and_o our_o reason_n enjoy_v her_o liberty_n to_o examine_v and_o judge_v of_o what_o we_o be_v about_o and_o to_o issue_v out_o her_o mandate_n to_o the_o hand_n for_o execution_n then_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v unjust_o or_o unseemly_o it_o plain_o show_v the_o perverseness_n of_o the_o mind_n julian_n in_o his_o second_o panegyric_n on_o constantius_n under_o who_o person_n he_o describe_v a_o virtuous_a prince_n say_v that_o have_v conquer_v his_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n he_o make_v no_o far_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n esteem_v it_o impious_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o and_o therefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n condemn_v the_o byzantine_n and_o chalcedonian_o of_o notorious_a cruelty_n for_o kill_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n take_v in_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n general_o observe_v to_o spare_v captive_n and_o that_o he_o that_o violate_v this_o law_n do_v doubtless_o sin_n against_o god_n and_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o story_n we_o find_v those_o commander_n high_o commend_v who_o have_v take_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n who_o they_o can_v not_o without_o danger_n and_o charge_n keep_v have_v choose_v rather_o free_o to_o dismiss_v they_o than_o to_o kill_v they_o fourteen_o they_o be_v to_o be_v spare_v that_o surrender_n on_o equal_a condition_n wherefore_o they_o that_o in_o a_o battle_n shall_v cry_v for_o quarter_n or_o in_o a_o siege_n shall_v offer_v to_o yield_v upon_o condition_n to_o save_v their_o life_n be_v neither_o of_o they_o to_o be_v reject_v the_o roman_n as_o procopius_n testify_v 4._o testify_v goth._n 4._o thus_o bespeak_v the_o persian_n who_o they_o hold_v close_o besiege_v in_o the_o fort_n of_o petra_n we_o say_v they_o do_v extreme_o commiserate_v your_o hard_a condition_n and_o will_v glad_o spare_v you_o though_o you_o wish_v to_o die_v and_o that_o life_n which_o you_o so_o nice_o disdain_v we_o will_v save_v as_o it_o become_v christian_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o therefore_o arrianus_n speak_v in_o that_o slaughter_n which_o the_o theban_n make_v of_o their_o captive_n that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o it_o
such_o thing_n in_o they_o as_o add_v but_o little_a to_o the_o conquest_n be_v take_v away_o and_o yet_o whereby_o many_o innocent_a person_n be_v or_o may_v be_v damnify_v so_o that_o such_o act_n as_o these_o christian_a clemency_n do_v always_o almost_o and_o justice_n itself_o also_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n abhor_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a tie_n and_o obligation_n among_o christian_n than_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o we_o find_v a_o decree_n make_v by_o the_o amphictiones_fw-la ne_fw-la qua_fw-la vrbs_fw-la graeca_n bello_fw-la exscinderetur_fw-la that_o none_o of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n shall_v ever_o be_v burn_v down_o by_o war._n and_o it_o stand_v yet_o record_v by_o some_o ancient_a writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a never_o repent_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o destroy_n of_o thebes_n chap._n xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war._n i._o the_o good_n even_o of_o our_o enemy_n subject_n be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v detain_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o some_o just_a debt_n ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n iii_o by_o debt_n here_o all_o the_o charge_n and_o damage_n occasion_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v also_o include_v vi_o not_o to_o exact_v the_o utmost_a of_o our_o right_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o humanity_n i._o subject_n good_n take_v in_o war_n detain_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a debt_n the_o take_n of_o our_o enemy_n good_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v neither_o altogether_o blameless_a nor_o be_v it_o exempt_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o be_v do_v right_o we_o can_v neither_o take_v nor_o detain_v more_o from_o our_o enemy_n than_o what_o be_v just_o due_a from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o beyond_o what_o be_v due_a we_o be_v enforce_v to_o detain_v for_o our_o necessary_a safety_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o danger_n be_v pass_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o their_o full_a value_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v to_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v much_o more_o lawful_a to_o the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v our_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n may_v be_v take_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o restore_v it_o as_o be_v already_o prove_v this_o necessity_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o take_v that_o wherein_o we_o have_v otherwise_o no_o propriety_n at_o all_o 8._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o §_o 6_o 7_o 8._o but_o whereas_o debt_n may_v arise_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o inequality_n that_o there_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o punishment_n due_a for_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n do_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v in_o either_o of_o those_o case_n possess_v ourselves_o if_o we_o can_v of_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n namely_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o good_n not_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n only_o but_o those_o of_o his_o subject_n also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n stand_v oblige_v which_o right_o of_o nation_n we_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n than_o that_o which_o consist_v either_o in_o a_o bare_a impunity_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o external_a judgement_n for_o as_o by_o our_o own_o private_a consent_n or_o agreement_n he_o that_o deal_v with_o we_o for_o what_o be_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v not_o only_o a_o external_a or_o judicial_a right_n but_o a_o internal_a and_o equitable_a also_o in_o that_o which_o he_o deal_v for_o so_o be_v it_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o common_a consent_n or_o agreement_n wherein_o be_v virtual_o contain_v every_o particular_a man_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a pact_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n now_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o credible_a that_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n that_o such_o a_o right_o shall_v be_v thus_o acquire_v because_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n but_o also_o as_o a_o way_n whereby_o every_o state_n and_o nation_n may_v recover_v their_o own_o ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o crime_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n wherein_o a_o foreign_a prince_n stand_v oblige_v unto_o we_o be_v penal_a only_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o right_n be_v give_v to_o detain_v his_o subject_n good_n bare_o for_o his_o neglect_n for_o such_o a_o tie_n upon_o another_o man_n good_n will_v be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o person_n offend_v neither_o be_v there_o the_o like_a profit_n arise_v from_o these_o latter_a debt_n as_o from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a debt_n require_v some_o reparation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n but_o so_o do_v not_o these_o latter_a and_o therefore_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o may_v without_o damage_n be_v omit_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o attic_a law_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o contradict_v this_o for_o there_o man_n stand_v oblige_v not_o for_o that_o proper_o because_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o to_o compel_v the_o city_n to_o do_v what_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n upon_o offender_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a and_o not_o unto_o these_o latter_a sort_n of_o debt_n for_o to_o owe_v a_o duty_n in_o punish_v offender_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o lie_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o that_o duty_n be_v another_o the_o omission_n of_o that_o do_v usual_o induce_v this_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o effect_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_n of_o a_o enemy_n subject_n can_v lawful_o be_v possess_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a but_o such_o thing_n only_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o debt_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o person_n who_o be_v delinquent_n among_o who_o be_v the_o magistrate_n themselves_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o punish_v but_o do_v it_o not_o iii_o by_o debt_n be_v understand_v the_o subsequent_a charge_n also_o beside_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o enemy_n subject_n may_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v not_o only_o to_o reimburse_v ourselves_o of_o our_o original_a debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o repair_v our_o loss_n and_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n and_o thus_o must_v we_o understand_v that_o which_o some_o divine_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_v with_o the_o principal_a debt_n that_o be_v until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v according_a to_o sound_a judgement_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o war_n itself_o thus_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o antiochus_n adjudge_v it_o equitable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n through_o who_o default_n it_o be_v that_o the_o war_n begin_v so_o justine_n impensas_fw-la belli_n lege_fw-la justa_n suscepturus_fw-la qui_fw-la belli_n author_n est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o samian_o be_v condemn_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n now_o whatsoever_o be_v just_o impose_v on_o the_o vanquish_a may_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v exact_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n iv_o for_o humanity_n sake_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o exact_v our_o utmost_a due_n moreover_o this_o also_o must_v be_v remember_v which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o those_o of_o justice_n that_o man_n have_v but_o little_a of_o mercy_n in_o he_o who_o be_v opulent_a use_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o enforce_v from_o his_o poor_a creditor_n the_o utmost_a farthing_n of_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v especial_o if_o that_o debt_n be_v contract_v by_o his_o kindness_n to_o his_o friend_n only_o in_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o very_o lamentable_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o a_o surety_n say_v quintilian_n the_o father_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o creditor_n do_v nothing_o herein_o but_o what_o he_o
commendable_a wherefore_o they_o that_o blame_v king_n perseus_n for_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v through_o hope_n of_o peace_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o justice_n and_o fidelity_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o as_o to_o the_o generosity_n of_o a_o mind_n emulous_a of_o martial_a glory_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_o collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o deceit_n and_o stratagem_n usual_a in_o war._n such_o be_v that_o stratagem_n wherewith_o asdrubal_n preserve_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o ausetane_a forest_n and_o that_o also_o whereby_o scipio_n african_a the_o elder_a 30._o see_v bo._n 3._o c._n 1._o §._o 6._o etc._n etc._n livy_n l._n 26._o lib._n 30._o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o syphax_n his_o camp_n both_o which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o livy_n who_o example_n l._n silvius_n also_o follow_v in_o the_o social_a war_n at_o esernia_n as_o frontinus_n inform_v we_o v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n be_v significant_a there_o be_v also_o some_o dumb_a sign_n which_o through_o custom_n be_v significant_a as_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n as_o of_o old_a the_o branch_n of_o olive_n and_o among_o the_o macedonian_n the_o erection_n of_o pike_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o cover_n of_o their_o head_n with_o their_o shield_n these_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a sign_n of_o submission_n and_o rendition_n so_o also_o be_v the_o fold_n of_o the_o hand_n behind_o they_o among_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o ensign_n downward_o among_o the_o roman_n 22._o lib._n 18._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 22._o as_o ammianus_n testify_v the_o german_n and_o from_o they_o some_o other_o nation_n express_v their_o submission_n by_o the_o hold_v forth_o of_o herb_n or_o grass_n as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o and_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n do_v usual_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o beg_v mercy_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o virgil._n but_o he_o that_o will_v signify_v his_o acception_n of_o a_o surrender_n whether_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v quarter_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o in_o our_o day_n the_o hang_v forth_o of_o a_o white_a flagg_n be_v a_o tacit_a sign_n that_o a_o treaty_n be_v demand_v so_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v 30._o pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 30._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n write_v of_o the_o laurel_n all_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n be_v no_o less_o significant_a and_o consequent_o as_o obligatory_a as_o if_o they_o be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o voice_n vi_o of_o a_o tacit_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v a_o sponsion_n make_v by_o a_o general_n how_o far_o forth_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v tacit_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v 17._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 4._o §._o 15._o &_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o namely_o when_o both_o the_o act_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o thereupon_o some_o thing_n do_v or_o not_o do_v whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o consent_n to_o that_o promise_n or_o agreement_n vii_o punishment_n when_o tacit_o remit_v we_o can_v conclude_v that_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v because_o it_o be_v for_o a_o time_n dissemble_v or_o connive_v at_o but_o some_o other_o act_n must_v necessary_o intervene_v which_o either_o by_o itself_o may_v argue_v either_o a_o perfect_a reconciliation_n as_o when_o a_o league_n of_o friendship_n be_v make_v with_o such_o a_o man_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v have_v so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o virtue_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o person_n punishable_a that_o what_o he_o former_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v pardon_v whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v by_o word_n express_v or_o by_o such_o other_o mean_v as_o be_v usual_o take_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o viii_o whether_o the_o actor_n be_v pardon_v the_o instigator_n be_v also_o acquit_v another_o question_n we_o find_v discuss_v by_o polybius_n namely_o whether_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o do_v the_o mischief_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o command_v it_o to_o be_v do_v which_o i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v not_o for_z singulos_fw-la tenent_fw-la sva_fw-la delicta_fw-la every_o fox_n ought_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o skin_n to_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o every_o offender_n bear_v his_o own_o punishment_n a_o table_n put_v alphabetical_o guide_v to_o the_o principal_a matter_n and_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o treatise_n a._n abraham_n declare_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v his_o wife_n page_n 438_o abraham_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o four_o king_n with_o commission_n from_o god_n 13_o 15._o and_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o god_n page_n 468_o abraham_n son_n by_o keturah_n have_v legacy_n no_o land_n page_n 125_o abraham_n assist_v infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o the_o absent_v right_o devolve_v upon_o the_o present_a page_n 114_o the_o absent_a sometime_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 476_o absolution_n and_o dispensation_n from_o oath_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v 174._o to_o who_o they_o ancient_o belong_v ibid._n abstinence_n from_o spoil_v a_o country_n at_o peace_n page_n 431_o 432_o absurdity_n to_o avoid_v conjectural_a interpretation_n admit_v 197._o or_o other_o improper_a or_o figurative_a page_n 192_o 193_o what_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_v page_n 98_o acceptance_n to_o a_o promise_n that_o transfer_v a_o right_n requisite_a 154_o 155._o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n page_n 155_o acceptance_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o of_o what_o force_n page_n 156_o accusation_n criminal_a by_o none_o but_o person_n authorize_v page_n 374_o acquisition_n by_o war_n peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 480._o natural_o just_a 405._o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o acquisition_n improper_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o to_o action_n two_o thing_n excite_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o obtain_v it_o page_n 419_o act_n some_o abhor_v by_o humane_a nature_n page_n 6_o act_n contrary_a to_o oath_n sometime_o sinful_a sometime_o void_a page_n 173_o act_n beneficent_a permutatory_n page_n 157_o act_n diremptory_a commutatory_n mix_v page_n 158_o act_n general_o permit_v to_o all_o can_v just_o be_v deny_v to_o any_o without_o some_o cause_n page_n 86_o act_n in_o war_n either_o public_a or_o private_a what_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a be_v the_o state_n maintain_v the_o war_n what_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 472_o in_o such_o act_n of_o a_o king_n as_o private_a man_n do_v the_o civil_a law_n bind_v he_o but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 177_o act_n against_o conscience_n unlawful_a page_n 411_o act_n not_o liable_a to_o humane_a law_n page_n 450_o act_n of_o king_n in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v power_n page_n 176_o act_n internal_a of_o the_o mind_n insufficient_a for_o alienation_n page_n 41_o act_n involuntary_a arise_v from_o voluntary_a natural_o account_v as_o voluntary_a page_n 203_o act_n inevitable_a to_o humane_a nature_n not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n 374._o nor_o such_o â—s_n be_v not_o direct_o or_o indirect_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 375_o act_n some_o in_o a_o just_a war_n not_o internal_o just_a page_n 498_o act_n of_o prepense_a maâ—â—â—_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v page_n 500_o actor_n be_v forgive_v whether_o the_o instigator_n be_v acquit_v page_n 370_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 136_o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o adopt_a son_n what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o they_o page_n 115_o adultery_n incest_n etc._n etc._n capital_o punish_v before_o moses_n page_n 16_o adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n betroth_v to_o another_o page_n 196_o of_o adultery_n he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o both_o guilty_a by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 106_o in_o adultery_n take_v if_o the_o husband_n kill_v the_o wife_n or_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n the_o magistrate_n may_v remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n page_n 374_o a_o adulterer_n and_o a_o adulteress_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 202_o aetolian_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n page_n 549_o age_n 30._o year_n 3._o age_n 100_o year_n
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
which_o advance_v religion_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a say_n in_o euripides_n which_o make_v as_o well_o for_o religious_a thing_n as_o for_o thing_n sacred_a homo_fw-la quisquis_fw-la urbes_fw-la vastat_fw-la &_o dis_fw-fr manibus_fw-la sedes_fw-la sacratas_fw-la templaque_fw-la haud_fw-la recte_fw-la sapit_fw-la nam_fw-la similis_fw-la ipsum_fw-la pestis_fw-la excidii_fw-la manet_fw-la who_o conquer_v city_n rash_o do_v erace_n and_o temple_n with_o their_o monument_n deface_v do_v not_o foresee_v the_o like_a may_v be_v their_o case_n apollonius_n tyanaeus_n do_v thus_o interpret_v that_o fable_n of_o the_o giant_n fight_v against_o heaven_n when_o audacious_a man_n presume_v to_o violate_v the_o temple_n and_o image_n of_o the_o go_n it_o be_v say_v of_o scipio_n that_o have_v take_v carthage_n he_o enrich_v all_o his_o soldier_n with_o the_o spoil_n except_v only_o those_o who_o have_v before_o invade_v the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n neither_o dare_v caesar_n himself_o as_o dio_n relate_v demolish_v the_o trophy_n of_o mithridates_n be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o god_n of_o war._n cicero_n speak_v of_o marcus_n marcellus_n 4._o in_o ver._n 4._o thus_o testify_v of_o he_o quae_fw-la victoria_fw-la profana_fw-la fecerat_fw-la religione_fw-la impeditus_fw-la non_fw-la attigit_fw-la what_o the_o victory_n have_v make_v common_a and_o profane_a that_o his_o conscience_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o touch_v add_v withal_o that_o there_o be_v some_o enemy_n who_o voluntary_o observe_v the_o right_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o custom_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o declaim_v against_o the_o war_n make_v by_o brennus_n against_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n as_o wicked_a and_o impious_a so_o do_v livy_n against_o that_o act_n of_o pyrrhus_n in_o plunder_v the_o treasury_n of_o proserpina_n which_o he_o call_v foedum_fw-la &_o in_o deos_fw-la superbum_fw-la facinus_fw-la a_o act_n of_o high_a insolency_n against_o the_o go_n the_o same_o livy_n bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o war_n which_o philip_n make_v as_o be_v wicked_a and_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v against_o all_o the_o god_n ultra_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_o victoriae_fw-la in_o templa_fw-la in_o aras_n in_o sepulchra_fw-la saeviit_fw-la for_o that_o he_o spare_v neither_o their_o temple_n nor_o their_o altar_n no_o nor_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o the_o dead_a whereat_o polybius_n also_o glance_v add_v his_o own_o judgement_n in_o these_o word_n wilful_o to_o destroy_v those_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v of_o no_o use_n unto_o we_o in_o war_n nor_o do_v much_o incommodate_v our_o enemy_n especial_o temple_n image_n and_o such_o like_a ornament_n who_o can_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o brainsick_a madness_n neither_o do_v he_o herein_o admit_v of_o that_o common_a excuse_n of_o retaliation_n viii_o the_o advantage_n that_o accrue_v by_o this_o moderation_n although_o to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v not_o our_o intention_n in_o this_o place_n to_o inquire_v what_o be_v now_o most_o in_o use_n but_o to_o reduce_v that_o loose_a and_o inordinate_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n or_o to_o that_o which_o among_o thing_n lawful_a be_v best_a yet_o will_v virtue_n herself_o be_v but_o little_o value_v in_o our_o age_n plead_v my_o excuse_n if_o see_v she_o by_o herself_o so_o despise_a i_o endeavour_v to_o set_v a_o much_o great_a price_n upon_o she_o by_o propose_v what_o great_a profit_n and_o advantage_n may_v by_o she_o be_v reap_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o this_o moderation_n which_o spare_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v not_o protract_v the_o war_n do_v so_o far_o weaken_v the_o enemy_n as_o it_o disarm_v he_o of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o forceable_a engine_n he_o have_v to_o destroy_v we_o which_o be_v desperation_n graec._n zenoph_n hist_o graec._n archidamus_n in_o thucydides_n will_v needs_o persuade_v his_o soldier_n that_o the_o enemy_n country_n whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o hostage_n or_o pawn_n which_o the_o better_a it_o be_v stock_v with_o corn_n and_o cattle_n be_v the_o rich_a and_o so_o the_o better_a great_a reason_n therefore_o we_o have_v to_o spare_v it_o ne_fw-la desperatio_fw-la host_n redderet_fw-la invictiores_fw-la lest_o desperation_n shall_v make_v they_o to_o redouble_v their_o valour_n the_o same_o counsel_n do_v agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n follow_v when_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o acarnanian_o he_o give_v the_o achaian_n a_o free_a liberty_n to_o sow_v their_o corn_n say_v that_o the_o more_o they_o sow_v the_o soon_o they_o will_v harken_v to_o peace_n this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o satirist_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o spoliatis_fw-la arma_fw-la supersunt_fw-la they_o be_v compel_v to_o live_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v by_o this_o be_v the_o usual_a practice_n of_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n note_n who_o when_o they_o have_v take_v a_o city_n will_v not_o burn_v all_o their_o house_n that_o so_o they_o may_v pacify_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o enemy_n by_o give_v they_o some_o thing_n when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o have_v destroy_v all_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o our_o preserve_v the_o enemy_n country_n during_o the_o war_n beget_v in_o the_o soldier_n a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o victory_n for_o what_o a_o man_n intend_v and_o can_v make_v his_o own_o he_o will_v not_o be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o destroy_v again_o clemency_n be_v in_o itself_o apt_a to_o soften_v the_o resolution_n and_o animosity_n of_o enemy_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o a_o submission_n hannibal_n spare_v all_o the_o field_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o tarentines_n but_o not_o say_v livy_n out_o out_o of_o modesty_n or_o conscience_n but_o rather_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v the_o soon_o gain_v they_o to_o a_o voluntary_a surrender_n for_o to_o a_o conqueror_n utilis_fw-la est_fw-la clementiae_fw-la fama_fw-la nothing_o be_v more_o advantageous_a than_o the_o fame_n of_o be_v merciful_a especial_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v any_o way_n diffident_a of_o his_o own_o strength_n thus_o do_v augustus_n caesar_n abstain_v from_o all_o plunder_n and_o rapine_n in_o pannonia_n 49._o lib._n 49._o because_o as_o dio_n give_v the_o reason_n he_o hope_v to_o conquer_v they_o without_o the_o least_o effusion_n of_o blood_n 3._o lib._n 3._o the_o like_a do_v polybius_n testify_v of_o timotheus_n that_o by_o take_v care_n to_o spare_v the_o country_n wherein_o he_o march_v he_o get_v much_o love_n and_o the_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o enemy_n thus_o plutarch_n commemorate_n the_o same_o care_n in_o quintius_n flaminius_n when_o he_o make_v war_n in_o greece_n add_v this_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o not_o long_o after_o say_v he_o do_v quintius_n reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o moderation_n and_o clemency_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v out_o of_o thessaly_n the_o city_n yield_v unto_o he_o and_o the_o grecian_n that_o dwell_v in_o thermopilae_n do_v earnest_o long_a for_o his_o come_n yea_o and_o the_o achaian_n renounce_n their_o confederacy_n with_o king_n philip_n enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n against_o he_o we_o read_v in_o frontinus_n that_o a_o city_n of_o the_o lingones_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o have_v unexpected_o escape_v a_o general_a devastation_n in_o a_o war_n make_v by_o domitian_n the_o emperor_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o cerealis_n against_o civilis_n the_o batavian_n because_o they_o have_v contrary_a to_o their_o fear_n lose_v nothing_o be_v reduce_v to_o obedience_n supply_v he_o voluntary_o with_o a_o army_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n well_o arm_v whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v add_v that_o from_o the_o contrary_a counsel_n have_v usual_o arise_v clean_o contrary_a effect_n a_o example_n whereof_o livy_n give_v in_o hannibal_n who_o be_v as_o he_o describe_v he_o exceed_v prone_a to_o covetousness_n and_o cruelty_n 26._o lib._n 26._o insomuch_o that_o what_o city_n or_o town_n he_o can_v not_o keep_v he_o will_v total_o spoil_v and_o burn_v which_o livy_n there_o call_v wicked_a counsel_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o of_o the_o success_n of_o it_o for_o he_o do_v not_o only_o thereby_o alienate_v the_o heart_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o immediate_a sufferer_n but_o he_o deter_v other_o and_o so_o enforce_v they_o the_o more_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o against_o he_o because_o ad_fw-la plures_fw-la exemplum_fw-la quam_fw-la calamitas_fw-la pertinebat_fw-la more_n be_v fright_v by_o the_o example_n than_o feel_v the_o calamity_n itself_o and_o therefore_o what_o some_o divine_n have_v observe_v and_o teach_v i_o must_v needs_o assent_v unto_o that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o such_o commander_n as_o will_v be_v think_v christian_n as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o intercede_v for_o and_o hinder_v the_o sack_n and_o pillage_n of_o town_n and_o city_n especial_o of_o